72:
collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed "longitudinally," i.e., over a period of time, usually for years, to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes. In this way, investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes. For example, one could identify smokers and non-smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease. Alternatively, one could group subjects based on their body mass index (BMI) and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the
38:
433:
71:
of diseases and disorders. The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information, none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest. After baseline information is
87:
One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is that they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized.
64:. For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonāsmokers.
97:
104:ā due to these terms having contradictory and overlapping definitions. STROBE also recommends that whenever authors use these words, they specify which definition they use, including a detailed description of how and when data collection took place.
437:
350:
375:
Vandenbroucke, Jan P; von Elm, Erik; Altman, Douglas G; GĆøtzsche, Peter C; Mulrow, Cynthia D; Pocock, Stuart J; Poole, Charles; Schlesselman, James J; Egger, Matthias (2007-10-01).
476:
354:
251:
228:
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764:
814:
772:
760:
469:
935:
851:
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686:
462:
17:
973:
60:) who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain
345:
Porta M (editor). A dictionary of epidemiology. 5th. edition. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2008. Edited by
41:
Caseācontrol study versus cohort on a timeline. "OR" stands for "odds ratio" and "RR" stands for "relative risk".
780:
818:
540:
448:
113:
995:
966:
651:
377:"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration"
945:
31:
909:
881:
810:
564:
206:
959:
635:
173:
120:
Canadian
Longitudinal Study on Aging / Ćtude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (CLSA-ĆLCV)
101:
77:
754:
692:
520:
738:
608:
586:
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8:
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899:
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213:
148:
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37:
989:
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Euser, Anne M.; Zoccali, Carmine; Jager, Kitty J.; Dekker, Friedo W. (2009).
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746:
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324:
277:
53:
154:
96:
The
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (
940:
794:
667:
657:
214:"Definition of prospective cohort study - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms"
100:) recommends that authors refrain from calling a study āprospectiveā or ā
742:
734:
700:
662:
569:
130:
268:
802:
790:
351:"Oxford University Press: A Dictionary of Epidemiology: Miquel Porta"
442:
316:
300:
836:
68:
374:
841:
301:"Genes, environment and the value of prospective cohort studies"
160:
124:
484:
298:
119:
125:
The CARTaGENE cohort / Quebec's largest prospective study
299:
Manolio TA, Bailey-Wilson JE, Collins FS (October 2006).
249:
67:
The prospective study is important for research on the
56:
that follows over time a group of similar individuals (
252:"Cohort Studies: Prospective versus Retrospective"
987:
229:"Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies"
470:
131:Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey
231:. Boston University College of Public Health
292:
477:
463:
410:
392:
267:
769:Preventable fraction among the unexposed
765:Attributable fraction for the population
36:
773:Preventable fraction for the population
761:Attributable fraction among the exposed
14:
988:
458:
30:For other uses of "prospective", see
936:Correlation does not imply causation
852:Animal testing on non-human primates
226:
24:
25:
1007:
80:and can be more expensive than a
436: This article incorporates
431:
819:Pre- and post-test probability
541:Patient and public involvement
449:U.S. National Cancer Institute
368:
339:
243:
220:
155:Tsimaneā Amazonian Panel Study
114:Caerphilly Heart Disease Study
13:
1:
199:
946:Sex as a biological variable
394:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297
91:
78:retrospective cohort studies
32:Prospective (disambiguation)
7:
910:Intention-to-treat analysis
882:Analysis of clinical trials
811:Specificity and sensitivity
565:Randomized controlled trial
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107:
10:
1012:
444:Dictionary of Cancer Terms
174:Retrospective cohort study
29:
954:
919:Interpretation of results
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880:
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753:
715:
685:
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652:Nested caseācontrol study
602:
549:
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256:Nephron Clinical Practice
27:Longitudinal cohort study
521:Academic clinical trials
47:prospective cohort study
739:Relative risk reduction
587:Adaptive clinical trial
531:Evidence-based medicine
514:Adaptive clinical trial
727:Number needed to treat
438:public domain material
137:Framingham Heart Study
42:
731:Number needed to harm
618:Cross-sectional study
570:Scientific experiment
526:Clinical study design
74:hierarchy of evidence
40:
996:Cohort study methods
697:Cumulative incidence
604:Observational study
536:Real world evidence
490:experimental design
143:Million Women Study
890:Riskābenefit ratio
857:First-in-man study
807:Case fatality rate
648:Caseācontrol study
622:Longitudinal study
189:Therapeutic effect
179:Blinded experiment
82:caseācontrol study
43:
983:
982:
931:Survivorship bias
895:Systematic review
862:Multicenter trial
825:
824:
815:Likelihood-ratios
787:Clinical endpoint
755:Population impact
709:Period prevalence
486:Clinical research
269:10.1159/000235241
133:, the Philippines
18:Prospective study
16:(Redirected from
1003:
830:Trial/test types
705:Point prevalence
683:
682:
626:Ecological study
609:EBM II-2 to II-3
580:Open-label trial
575:Blind experiment
551:Controlled study
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353:. Archived from
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262:(3): c214āc217.
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127:, Quebec, Canada
21:
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305:Nat. Rev. Genet
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161:The UK biobank
149:Rotterdam Study
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28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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974:List of topics
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504:Clinical trial
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311:(10): 812ā20.
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867:Seeding trial
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381:PLOS Medicine
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357:on 2011-06-04
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747:Hazard ratio
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631:Cohort study
443:
430:
387:(10): e297.
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380:
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359:. Retrieved
355:the original
347:Miquel Porta
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308:
304:
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259:
255:
245:
233:. Retrieved
222:
208:
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54:cohort study
51:longitudinal
46:
44:
941:Null result
900:Replication
795:Infectivity
717:Association
668:Case report
658:Case series
641:Prospective
743:Odds ratio
735:Risk ratio
701:Prevalence
687:Occurrence
663:Case study
361:2011-04-21
200:References
803:Morbidity
791:Virulence
693:Incidence
403:1549-1277
157:, Bolivia
92:Reporting
990:Category
967:Glossary
960:Category
837:In vitro
678:Measures
497:Overview
421:17941715
333:20773705
325:16983377
278:19690438
168:See also
108:Examples
69:etiology
842:In vivo
412:2020496
286:8471855
235:Nov 25,
62:outcome
58:cohorts
419:
409:
401:
331:
323:
284:
276:
139:, USA.
98:STROBE
781:Other
440:from
329:S2CID
282:S2CID
145:, UK.
116:, UK.
76:than
49:is a
620:vs.
488:and
417:PMID
399:ISSN
321:PMID
274:PMID
237:2013
163:, UK
407:PMC
389:doi
313:doi
264:doi
260:113
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