Prosper Mérimée - Knowledge

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had been given to the Catholic Church for restoration transferred to his budget. On 31 July 1834, he set off on his first inspection tour of historic monuments, traveling for five months, describing and cataloging the monuments he saw. Between 1834 and 1852 he made nineteen inspection tours to different regions of France. The longest, to the Southeast and to Corsica, lasted five months, but most trips were shorter than a month. When he returned after each trip, he made a detailed report to the Ministry on what needed to be done. In addition, he wrote scholarly studies for journals of archaeology and history. His scholarly works included a survey of the religious architecture in France during the Middle Ages (1837) and of military monuments of the Gauls, Greeks and Romans (1839). Finally, he wrote a series of books for a popular audience about the monuments of each region, describing vividly a France that he declared was "more unknown than Greece or Egypt".

1114:. Mérimée accepted the coup philosophically, because he feared anarchy more than a monarchy, and because he saw no other practical option. While Mérimée accepted the coup, others, including Victor Hugo, did not. Hugo described his last meeting with Mérimée in Paris on 4 December 1851, just before Hugo went into exile: "'Ah', said M. Mérimée, 'I am looking for you'. I answered, 'I hope that you will not find me'. He extended his hand, and I turned my back. I have not seen him since. I consider that he is dead... M. Mérimée by nature is vile". The services of Mérimée were welcomed by the new Emperor; on 21 January 1852, soon after coup, he was promoted to officer of the Legion of Honor. The new Emperor gave a priority to the preservation of historic monuments, particularly the restoration of the cathedral of Notre-Dame, and Mérimée kept his position and for a time continued his tours of inspection. 649: 1099: 1146:. It soon became clear the Empress was not the Emperor's only romantic interest; Napoleon III continued his affairs with old mistresses, leaving the Empress often alone. Mérimée became her chief friend and protector at Court. He was obliged to attend all the court events, including masked balls, though he hated balls and dancing. He told stories, acted in plays, took part in charades, and "made a fool of himself", as he wrote to his friend Jenny Dacquin in 1858. "Every day we eat too much, and I am half dead. Destiny did not make me to be a courtesan..." The only events he really enjoyed were the stays at the Château de Compiègne, where he organized lectures and discussions for the Emperor with leading French cultural figures, including 1361:, but the editor refused them as not worthy of attention. In 1850, eight years after the death of Stendhal, Mérimée wrote a brief brochure of sixteen pages describing the romantic adventures that he and Stendhal had had together in Paris, leaving most of the names blank. Only twenty-five copies were made, and distributed to friends of Stendhal. The brochure caused a scandal; Mérimée was denounced as an "atheist" and "blasphemer" by friends of Stendhal for suggesting that Stendhal had ever behaved improperly. He responded that he simply wanted to show that Stendhal was a genius but not a saint. 1317:, and she was married to Gabriel Delessert, a prominent banker and real estate developer, who was twenty years older. Mérimée met Delessert in 1830, and she became his mistress in 1836, when he was visiting Chartres, where her husband had been named Prefect. he wrote to Stendhal that "She is my grand passion; I am deeply and seriously in love". Her husband, who had become prefect of police in Paris, apparently ignored the relationship. However, by 1846, the relationship had cooled, and while he was on one of his long tours, she became the mistress of another writer, 188: 735: 3331: 865:, to the village of Casefabre and the Priory of Serrabina, near Ille-sur-Têt. The novella tells the story of a statue of Venus that comes to life and kills the son of its owner, whom it believes to be its husband. The story was inspired by a story of the Middle Ages recounted by the historian Freher. Using this story as an example, Mérimée described the art of writing fantasy literature; "Don't forget that when you recount something supernatural, one should describe as many details of concrete reality as possible. That is the great art of 1533:

fantasy and the supernatural in his stories, or, like Victor Hugo, used the Middle Ages as his setting. He used a careful selection of details, often noted during his travels, to create the setting. He often wrote about the rapport of force between his characters; man and woman, slave and master, father and son, and his stories often featured extreme passions, violence, cruelty and horror, and usually ended abruptly in a death or tragedy. He told his stories with a certain distance and ironic tone that was particularly his own.

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confirmed atheist, many of the buildings he protected and restored were churches, which he treated as works of art and shrines of national history. He often disputed with local church authorities, insisting that more recent architectural modifications be removed, and the buildings restored to their original appearance. He also confronted local governments who wanted to demolish or convert old structures. With the authority of the royal government behind him, he was able prevent the city of

816:. They had suffered from long neglect, and had been damaged by damp and mice, but Mérimée and Sand immediately recognized their value. Mérimée had the tapestries inscribed in the list of monuments and arranged for their conservation. In 1844 Sand wrote a novel about them and correctly dated them to the 15th century, using the ladies' costumes for reference. In 1861 they were purchased by the French state and brought to Paris, where they were restored and put on display in the 374:, a witty commentary about the theater, politics and life which purported to be written by a Spanish actress, but which actually targeted current French politics and society. In March 1825 he read his new works at the salon of Delécluze. The first two works were quickly forgotten, but the scenes of Clara Gazul had considerable success with his literary friends. They were printed in the press under the name of their imaginary author, and were his first published work. 1038:. On 8 March, he wrote to his friend Madame de Montijo: "Here we are in a republic, without enthusiasm, but determined to hold onto it because it is the sole chance of safety that we still have". The new government abolished the Bureau of Historic Monuments and merged its function into the Department of Fine Arts; however, Mérimée retained the position of Inspector of Historic Monuments, and his membership on the Commission of Historic Monuments. In December 1848, 1357:, who was twenty years older, when they were both aspiring writers, but the friendship later became strained as Mérimée's literary success exceeded that of Stendhal. They traveled together to Rome and Naples in November 1837, but in his correspondence Stendhal complained of the vanity of Mérimée and called him "his Pedantry, Mister Academus". The early death of Stendhal in Paris on 23 March 1842, shocked Mérimée. He offered his correspondence from Stendhal to the 6031: 699: 3041: 3350: 435: 542:, essentially a long short story or short novel. Between 1829 and 1834, he wrote thirteen stories, following three basic principles; a brief story told in prose; a sparse and economical style of writing, with no unneeded lyricism; and a unity of action, all leading to the ending, which was often abrupt and brutal. In a short period Mérimée wrote two of his most famous novellas, 1372:, both men suddenly thrust into celebrity in the artistic and literary world of Paris. He wrote that they both shared "the same apparent coldness, lightly affected, the same mantle of ice covering a shy sensibility, an ardent passion for the good and the beautiful, the same hypocrisy of egoism, the same devotion to secret friends and to the ideas of perfection". 1257:

gloomy and most dark imagination could invent has been surpassed by events. There is a general collapse, a French Army which surrenders, and an Emperor who allows himself to be taken prisoner. All falls at once. At this moment the legislature is being invaded and we cannot deliberate any longer. The National Guard which we just armed pretends to govern.

1426:, Mérimée wrote: "What a shame that this man who has such beautiful images at his disposal lacks even a shadow of good sense or modesty, and is unable to refrain from saying these platitudes not worthy of an honest man". He wrote his friend Madame Montijo that the book was "perfectly mediocre; not a moment that is natural". Speaking of 51: 1261:, my dear Panizzi, you know what I suffer". The Third Republic was proclaimed on the same day. Despite his illness, he hurried to the Tuileries Palace hoping to see the Empress, but the Palace was surrounded by armed soldiers and a crowd. The Empress fled for exile to London, and Mérimée did not see her again. 1346:, where she lived, be classified, which he did. He also provided a subsidy of 600 francs to the church. However, she deeply offended him by openly ridiculing the Empress Eugénie. At their last meeting in 1866, he found her hostile. She came to visit him a few days before his death, but he refused to see her. 766:

lost, the wisest is to copy the analog motifs in a building of the same type in the same province". However, some of his restorers, notably Viollet-le-Duc, were later criticized for sometimes being guided by the spirit of the gothic or romanesque architectural style, if the original appearance was not known.

881:. The central character, Colomba, convinces her brother that he must kill a man to avenge an old wrong done to their family. This story was the result of his long trip to that island researching historic monuments, and is filled with details about Corsican culture and history. When it was published in the 685:

and the spire had been taken down. Throughout the country, churches and monasteries had been demolished or turned into barns, cafes, schools, or prisons. The first effort to catalog the remaining monuments was made in 1816 by Alexandre de Laborde, who wrote the first list of "Monuments of France". In

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When he traveled on his inspection trips around France, he often sought the company of prostitutes. He was often cynical about his relationships, writing, "There are two kinds of women; those who are worth the sacrifice of your life, and those who are worth between five and forty francs.” Many years

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Mérimée never married, but he needed female company. He had a series of romantic affairs, sometimes carried out by correspondence. In January 1828, during his youth, he was wounded in duel with the husband of his mistress at the time, Émilie Lacoste. In 1831 he began a relationship by correspondence

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is a horror story borrowed from a Danish folk tale, about a creature which is half-man and half bear. This story was also written to amuse the Empress, and he read it aloud to the court in July 1869, but the subject matter shocked the court, and the children were sent from the room. It was published

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was a painter who became professor of design at the École polytechnique, and was engaged in a study of the chemistry of oil paints. In 1807 his father was named Permanent Secretary of the Academy of Painting and Sculpture. His mother Anne was twenty-nine when he was born, and was also a painter. His

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The political crisis between Prussia and France that began in May 1870 required his return from Cannes to Paris, where he participated in the emergency meetings of the Senate. His health worsened, and he only rarely could leave his house. The Empress sent him fruit from the imperial gardens, and on

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Mérimée was anxious to solidify his literary reputation. He first campaigned methodically for election to the French Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, the highest academic body, which he finally attained in November 1843. He next campaigned for a seat in the most famous literary body, the

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Mérimée warned his conservators to avoid the "false-ancient": he ordered them to carry out "the reproduction of that which manifestly existed. Reproduce with prudence the parts destroyed, where there exist certain traces. Don't give yourself to inventions... When the traces of the ancient state are

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Mérimée had honed his bureaucratic skills in the Interior Ministry, and he understood the political and the financial challenges of the task. He approached his new duties methodically. He first organized a group of architects specialized and trained in restoration, and had the money that previously

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which declared war against the "massacre of ancient stones" and the "demolishers" of France's past. King Louis Philippe declared that restoration of churches and other monuments would be a priority of his regime. In October 1830, the position of Inspector of Historical Monuments had been created by

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He finished the Lycée with high marks in classical languages and in 1820 he began to study law, planning for a position in the royal administration. In 1822 he passed the legal examinations and received his license to practice law. However, his real passion was for French and foreign literature: In

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In the 1860s he still traveled regularly. He went to England every year between 1860 and 1869, sometimes on official business, organizing the French participation in the 1862 Universal Exposition of Fine Arts in London, and in 1868 to transfer two antique Roman busts from the British Museum to the

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which struck Paris between 29 March and 1 October 1832, killing eighteen thousand Parisians. At the peak of the epidemic, he spent much of his time at the Hotel-Dieu, the main hospital of Paris. In November 1832 he was moved again to the State Council, where he became Chief of Accounts. He was not

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had translated some of the poems in the book into Russian before he was notified by Mérimée, through his Russian friend Sobolevsky, that the poems, except for one Mérimée translated from a real Serbian poet, were not authentic. A book of the poems was not a commercial success, selling only a dozen

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between June 1864 and February 1868. He wrote to a friend that "Peter the Great was an abominable man surrounded by abominable villains. That is amusing enough for me". In 1869 he wrote to his friend Albert Stapfer that "Russian is the most beautiful language in Europe, not excepting Greek. It is

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He participated personally in the restoration of many of the monuments. His tastes and talents were well suited to archaeology, combining an unusual linguistic talent, accurate scholarship, remarkable historical appreciation, and a sincere love for the arts of design and construction. He had some

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Mérimée, without seeking it, soon had another close connection with the Emperor. Eugénie Montijo, the daughter of his close friends the Count and Countess of Montijo, had been invited to an event at the Palace of Saint Cloud, where she met the new Emperor. In November 1852 she was invited to the

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In 1840–41, Mérimée made an extended tour of Italy, Greece and Asia Minor, visiting and writing about archaeological sites and ancient civilizations. His archaeology earned him a seat in the Académie française des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and his stories and novellas won him a seat in the

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wrote: "...He goes right to the fact, and goes immediately into action... his story is clear, lean, alert, vivid. In the dialogues of his characters there is not a useless word, and in his actions he lays out in this advance exactly how and why it will have to happen". In this genre, he was the

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On 2 September, news arrived in Paris that the army had capitulated and that Napoleon III had been taken prisoner. On 4 September, Mérimée got out of bed to attend the last meeting of the French Senate at the Luxembourg Palace. In the chamber he wrote a brief note to Panizzi: "All that the most

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of French literature in the 19th century. Like the other Romantics, he used picturesque and exotic settings (particularly Spain and Corsica) to create an atmosphere, and looked more often at the Middle Ages than to classical Greece or Rome for his inspiration. He also frequently used themes of

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in France, with 934 entries. By 1848 the number had grown to 2,800. He organized a systematic review to prioritize restoration projects, and established a network of correspondents in each region who kept an eye on the projects, made new discoveries, and signaled any vandalism. Though he was a

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both received honorary government posts. Mérimée, twenty-seven years old, briefly served as the chief of the secretariat of the Ministry of the Navy, and then, as the new government was organized, was moved from post to post; for a short time he was director of fine arts, then was moved to the

1253:, visited Mérimée to ask him to use his influence with the Empress for a transition of power, but the meeting was brief; Mérimée would not consider asking the Empress and Emperor to abdicate. He told his friends that he dreaded the arrival of a republic, which he called "organized disorder". 1391:, with whom he maintained a lifelong correspondence. After the uprisings of 1848, he opted for the stability offered by Emperor Napoleon III, which earned him the ire of the republican opposition such as Victor Hugo. Despite his close relations with the Emperor, Mérimée remained a committed 790:

in 1844. In 1842, he arranged for the French state to purchase a medieval building, the Hôtel d'Cluny, as well as the adjoining ruins of the Roman baths. He had them joined and supervised both the construction and the collection of medieval art to be displayed. The museum, now called the

319:, famous for his research in physics and electrodynamics. Both his parents spoke English well, traveled frequently to England and entertained many British guests. By the age of fifteen he was fluent in English. He had a talent for foreign languages, and besides English mastered classical 750:. Viollet-le-Duc was twenty-six, and had studied mathematics and chemistry but not architecture; he learned his profession from practical experience and travel. In 1840 he worked the first time for Mérimeé; in one month he designed a solution which prevented the collapse of the medieval 623:

Interior Ministry, where, he wrote ironically, "I conducted, with great glory, the telegraph lines, the administration of the corps of firemen, the municipal guards, etc." He turned out to be an efficient administrator, and was put in charge of organizing the response to the epidemic of

1078:, and reselling them. When he was exposed, he fled to England, taking 30,000 works in sixteen trunks, and claimed that he was victim of a plot. Though all the evidence was against Count Libri, Mérimée took his side, and in April 1852 wrote a scathing attack on Libri's accusers in the 456:(modern Croatia), and it was published under another assumed name, Hyacinthe Maglanovich. The poems were highly romantic, filled with phantoms and werewolves. Mérimée drew upon many historic sources for his picturesque and gothic portrait of the Balkans, including a tale about 1178:

He made his last long tour of monuments in 1853, though he remained the chief inspector of monuments until 1860. He continued to attend meetings of the Académie française and the Academy of Inscriptions. He wrote his last works, three novellas, in the genre of the fantastic:

492:(June 1828) was an historical novel about a peasant revolt in the Middle Ages, filled with flamboyant costumes, picturesque details and colorful settings. The critic Henri Patin reported that novel was "lacking in drama, but many of the scenes were excellent". The second, 1336:, who then told all of his friends. Mérimée promptly counter-attacked, calling her "a woman debauched and cold, by curiosity more than by temperament". They continued to collaborate on common goals. They both played a part in 1834 in the discovery and preservation of 1082:. He attacked the incompetence of the prosecutors and blamed the Catholic Church for inventing the case. On the same day that his mother died, he was summoned before the state prosecutors, and was sentenced to fifteen days in prison and fined one thousand francs. The 1350:

later he wrote to Jenny Dacquin, "It is a fact that at one time of my life I frequented bad society, but I was attracted to it through curiosity only, and I was there as a stranger in a strange country. As for good society, I found it often enough deadly tiresome."

351:, twenty years older, who became one of his closest friends, and later became famous as a novelist under the pen name of Stendhal. He then began to attend the salon of Étienne Delécluze, a painter and art critic, whose members were interested in the new school of 1446:, he wrote: "Simply mediocre, nothing dangerous. There are a few sparks of poetry... the work of a poor young man who doesn't know life... I don't know the author, but I'll wager that he is naïve and honest. That's why I hope they don't burn him." 1232:

By 1867, he was exhausted by the endless ceremonies and travels of the court, and thereafter he rarely participated in the imperial tours. He developed serious respiratory problems, and began to spend more and more time in the south of France, in

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He continued to work for the preservation of monuments, attending meetings of the Commission and advising Boeswillwald, who had replaced him as Inspector of Monuments in 1860. On his urging the Commission acted to protect the medieval village of

909:) who robs a soldier, who then falls in love with her. Jealous over her, he kills another man and becomes an outlaw, then he discovers she is already married, and in jealousy he kills her husband. When he learns she has fallen in love with a 676:

A large part of the architectural heritage of France, particularly the churches and monasteries, had been damaged or destroyed during the Revolution. Of the 300 churches in Paris in the 16th century, only 97 still were standing in 1800. The

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The mother of the Empress, the Countess of Montijo, returned to Spain, and Mérimée kept her informed of everything that the Empress did. He became involved in the court life, moving with the court from imperial residence to residence, to

1166:. However, when he informed the Emperor of this project, the Emperor expressed his own admiration for Caesar, and took over the project. Mérimée was obliged to give the Emperor all of his research, and to assist him in writing his book. 1572:

Mérimée's other important cultural legacy is the system of classification of historic monuments that he established, and the major sites that he saved, included the walled citadel of Carcasonne, and his part in the foundation of the

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The war with Prussia began with patriotic enthusiasm, but quickly turned into a debacle. The French Army and the Emperor were surrounded at Sedan. One of the leaders of the group of deputies advocating the creation of a republic,

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He lived with his mother and father in Paris until the death of his father in September 1837. From 1838 he shared an apartment with his mother on the Left Bank at 10 rue des Beaux-Arts, in the same building as the offices of the

610:, a story told to him by the Countess of Montijo. He also sought a position in the new administration of King Louis Philippe. Many of his friends had already found jobs in the new government; Stendhal was named French consul to 397:, was much more authoritarian and reactionary. Mérimée and his friends became part of the liberal opposition to the regime. On 30 November 1825, he took part in a student demonstration led by the young but already famous 976:

in French, and wanted to read all of Pushkin in the original language. He took as his Russian teacher Madame de Langrené, a Russian émigré who had once been the dame of honor of the Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of Tsar

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He gave very little attention to his role as Senator; in seventeen years, he spoke in the chamber only three times. Mérimée had intended to devote a large part of his time to writing a major scholarly biography of

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24 June he was visited by his old lover, Valentine Delessert, and by Viollet-le-Duc. His health continued to decline; he told a friend: "It's well over. I see myself arriving at death, and am preparing myself".

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Mérimée returned to Cannes on 10 September. He died there on 23 September 1870, five days before his 67th birthday. Though he had been an outspoken atheist most of his life, at his request he was buried at the

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and opposed to both "papists" and legitimists (ultra-royalists). He likewise became more critical of both the domestic and foreign policies of the Empire after 1859, and opposed the military adventures in

1187:, written as an amusement for the Empress, is the story of two lovers in a hotel room, who are terrified to find a stream of blood coming under the door of their room, then realize it is only port wine. 1057:

The year 1852 was difficult for Mérimée. On 30 April 1852, his mother, who lived with him and was very close to him, died. He also became entangled in a legal affair involving one of his friends, Count

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with Jenny Dacquin. Their relationship continued for ten years, but they only met six or seven times, and then rarely alone. In 1873, after his death, she published all of his letters under the title

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copies, but the journals and press made Mérimée an important literary figure. From then on Mérimée's stories and articles were regularly published by the two leading literary magazines of Paris, the

1540:, a long short story or short novel, was another notable contribution to French literature. When he began his writing career in the 1830s, the most prominent genres were the drama (Victor Hugo and 561:

He also began a series of long trips which provided material for much of his future writing. In June 1830 he traveled to Spain, which he explored at a leisurely pace, spending many hours in the

6115: 526:. It was published in March 1829, without any great success, and its author was by then tired of the genre. "I wrote a wicked novel that bores me", he wrote to his friend Albert Stapfer. 1221:

richer than German, and has a marvelous clarity... It has a great poet and another almost as grand, both killed in duels when they were young, and a great novelist, my friend Turgenev".

1126:. Honors followed immediately for Mérimée; he was made a Senator of the Empire, with a salary of 30,000 francs a year, and became the confidant and closest friend of the young Empress. 585:, a liberal Spanish aristocrat and the future Count of Montijo, who shared many of his literary and historical interests and political views. He visited the Count and met his wife, the 1342:

tapestries; he declared the tapestries were of historic value, and she publicized them in one of her novels. In 1849 he assisted her when she asked that the paintings in the church of

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In his youth he had a mistress in Paris, Céline Cayot, an actress whom he supported financially and paid for an apartment. He then had a longer and more serious relationship with

1237:. He became more and more conservative, opposing the more liberal reforms proposed by the Emperor in the 1860s. In May 1869 he declined an invitation to attend the opening of the 1183:

is a story about a soldier in North Africa who sees a sorcerer give a young woman to a snake, then realizes it was just a dream. It was not published until 1873, after his death;

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was also fined two hundred francs. Mérimée offered his resignation from the government, which was refused. He served his sentence inside one of his listed historic monuments, the

252:, into French. From 1830 until 1860 he was the inspector of French historical monuments, responsible for the protection of many historic sites, including the medieval citadel of 1042:

was elected the first president of Second Republic in December 1848, and Mérimée resumed his activity. In 1849 he helped organize a successful campaign to preserve the medieval

810:, who lived nearby. Together they explored the castle, which had recently been taken over by the Sub-Prefecture. In an upstairs room they found the six tapestries of the series 673:, with a salary of eight thousand francs a year, and all travel expenses paid. Mérimée wrote that the job perfectly suited "his taste, his laziness, and his ideas of travel". 1110:

In December 1851, President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was prevented by the French Constitution from running for re-election. Instead, he organized a coup and became Emperor

695:, a professor of history at the Sorbonne. Mérimée became its second Inspector, and by far the most energetic and long-lasting. He held the position for twenty-seven years. 1457:

in literature: "There is a tendency in almost all of our modern school to arrive at a faithful imitation of nature, but is that the objective of art? I don't believe so".

331:. In school he also had a strong interest in history, and was fascinated by magic and the supernatural, which later became important elements in many of his stories. 5717: 3410: 3056: 271: 1509:

after his death. He is also known as one of the pioneers of the short story and novella, and also as an innovator in fantasy fiction. His novellas, particularly

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he wrote: " is the greatest one among the pygmies. He has the misfortune of being paid by the line, and he loves money". He was even harsher toward the Germans:

947:. He patiently lobbied the members each time a member died and a seat was vacant. He was finally elected on 14 March 1844, on the seventeenth round of voting. 401:. He was invited to Hugo's home, where he charmed the poet by making macaroni for him. Mérimée was drawn into the new romantic movement, led by the painter 2534:

Ralls, Karen (March 2014), "Medieval Mysteries: A Guide to History, Lore, Places and Symbolism: Karen Ralls PhD, p. 180: 9780892541720: Amazon.com: Books",

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In return, Mérimée was attacked by Victor Hugo, who had admired Mérimée at the beginning of his career, but never forgave him for becoming a senator under

1273:, a mob burned his Paris home, along with his library, manuscripts, archaeological notes and collections because of his close association with the deposed 4036: 3514: 3482: 4026: 6125: 632:

sent him to London on an extended diplomatic mission to report on the British elections. He became a member of the most prominent London club, the

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wrote an article praising it. Mérimée was not so gracious toward Goethe; he called Goethe's own work "a combination of genius and German naïveté".

6120: 6110: 3422: 3403: 1835: – a novella describing an unfaithful gypsy girl who is killed by the soldier who loves her (1845). It was later the basis of the opera 244:. He learned Russian, a language for which he had great affection, before translating the work of several notable Russian writers, including 1408:

In his later years, Mérimée had very little good to say about other French and European writers, with a few exceptions, such as his friends

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He was equally scathing in his descriptions of the foreign writers of his time, with the exception of the Russians, particularly Turgenev,

1098: 898: 648: 3061: 917:, but since he was studying the Romani language and Romani culture in Spain and in the Balkans, he decided to give her that background. 4380: 1229:, the director of the British Museum. In 1859 he visited Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Spain, where he attended his last bullfight. 6100: 913:, he kills her, and then is arrested and sentenced to death. In the original story told to Mérimée by the Countess, Carmen was not a 582: 637: 311:. His classmates and friends were the children of the elite of Restoration France, including Adrien Jussieu, son of famous botanist 6135: 6085: 3396: 1972: 6105: 6095: 6090: 2133:"Lettres à Edward Ellice", with an introduction and notes by Marianne Cermakian and France Achener (1963), Bernard Grasset, Paris 4551: 6140: 1122:, where the Emperor proposed marriage to her. They were married fifteen days later at the Tuileries Palace, and she became the 5976: 3629: 3159: 3145: 1170:

was published on 10 March 1865, under the name of Napoleon III, and sold one hundred forty thousand copies on the first day.

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Between the spring of 1823 and the summer of 1824, he wrote his first literary works: a political and historical play called

5647: 3665: 1853: – a novella about a young Corsican girl who pushes her brother to commit murder to avenge their father's death (1840) 1436:, he was a little kinder. He wrote: "There is a talent there which he wastes under the pretext of realism". Describing the 1397: 1321:. His correspondence shows he was desolate when Delessert abandoned him for younger writers Rémusat and then, in 1854, for 581:. Fascinated by Spain, he decided not to return to France immediately, but to continue his journey. In October 1830 he met 4069: 3458: 1553: 615: 522:. Mérimée's story featured a combination of irony and extreme realism, including a detailed and bloody recreation of the 382:

as "a decisive step in the modern literary revolution", and its fame soon reached beyond France; the German Romanticist

344: 4474: 5489: 3450: 3442: 2543: 715: 307:. At the age of seven, Prosper was enrolled in the Lycée Napoléon, which after the fall of Napoleon in 1815 became the 1805: – a collection of the novellas published earlier in the press, as well as three of his letters from Spain (1833) 3858: 3700: 3105: 3086: 523: 173: 6130: 4454: 4449: 3746: 504:, filled with murders and crimes of passion. Many of the critics entirely missed that the novel was a parody: the 6075: 5991: 4155: 681:

had been stripped of its stained glass and monumental tombs, while the statues on the façade of the cathedral of

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Mérimée's works have received multiple adaptations in various media. In addition to the multiple adaptations of

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Sprenger, Scott (2009). "Mérimée’s Literary Anthropology: Residual Sacrality and Marital Violence in 'Lokis,'"

3129: 1961: 1869:, about a man who appears to be half-bear and half-man. This was his last work published in his lifetime (1868) 1642: 1047: 464:. These poems, published in literary journals, were widely praised both in France and abroad. The Russian poet 5514: 3490: 1416:. Most of his criticism was contained in his correspondence with his friends. He described the later works of 6055: 6015: 5999: 5916: 5434: 4546: 4500: 1557: 1019:. He also wrote several essays on Russian history and literature. In 1852, he published a scholarly article, 611: 2488: 1556:). Mérimée perfected the short story, with an economy of words and action. The contemporary literary critic 5539: 4909: 3690: 3181: 670: 3986: 3506: 3225: 586: 339:, the presumed ancient Gaelic poet, into French. At the beginning of the 1820s he frequented the salon of 6070: 5787: 5602: 5444: 3756: 3705: 3249: 1875: – a novella that combines a supernatural tale and farce, written for the amusement of the Court of 1062:, a professor of mathematics from Pisa Count who settled in France in 1824 and became a professor at the 983: 518: 5722: 4051: 754:. In 1842–43, Mérimée gave him a much more ambitious project, restoring the facades of the Cathedral of 434: 5424: 4653: 4165: 3474: 3204: 1473: 383: 312: 5732: 4398: 4175: 2177: 596:

He returned to Paris in January 1831, and began publishing vivid accounts of his trip to Spain in the

5971: 5371: 5322: 3622: 3306: 3295: 3284: 1269:, the small cemetery of the Protestant church in Cannes. A few months later, in May 1871, during the 1135: 1031: 228:, an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella 5652: 4809: 4531: 3214:

Gerould, Daniel (2008). "Playwriting as a Woman: Prosper Mérimée and 'The Theatre of Clara Gazul',"

1266: 1139: 925:. It did not become really famous until 1875, after Mérimée's death, when it was made into opera by 5870: 5692: 5582: 5572: 5509: 5275: 4960: 4021: 3751: 3586: 3358: 3236: 2062: 1702: 1583: 1338: 1011: 812: 654: 266: 5449: 4739: 1720: – a novella about a Corsican man who kills his son in the name of justice (published in the 747: 516:

in the 16th century. It was written three years before Victor Hugo published his historical novel

5642: 5499: 5404: 5260: 4689: 4305: 3695: 3419: 1902:) – descriptions of Spanish life, including the first mention of the character Carmen (1831) 1454: 1143: 1119: 942: 885:

it had an immense popular success. It is still widely studied in French schools as an example of

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in Paris, where the tapestries now are displayed. The official database of French monuments, the

104: 4515: 4215: 1212:

and other Russian émigrés in Paris. He began writing a series of twelve articles on the life of

839:

While he was researching historical monuments, Mérimée wrote three of his most famous novellas;

723:

from turning the medieval Palace of Estates into an office building, and he stopped the city of

5981: 5936: 5931: 5627: 5519: 5419: 4930: 4704: 4643: 4260: 4031: 3434: 1208:. He also continued to develop his passion for Russian literature, with the help of his friend 1035: 633: 501: 5306: 5179: 4965: 4889: 4774: 4200: 3368: 1043: 295: 253: 152: 5986: 5951: 5941: 5875: 5702: 5677: 5637: 5587: 5484: 5337: 5184: 4996: 4853: 4794: 4628: 4623: 4577: 4505: 4444: 4330: 4089: 3736: 3685: 3662: 3266:

Sivert, Eileen Boyd (1978). "Fear and Confrontation in Prosper Mérimée's Narrative Fiction,"

1947: 1545: 1325:. One consolation for Mérimée in his last years was a reconciliation with Delessert in 1866. 619: 471: 390: 300: 287: 163: 4541: 4016: 4001: 2467: 1819: 1602: 1318: 1123: 1103: 841: 590: 129: 6065: 6060: 6034: 5607: 5169: 5056: 4981: 4694: 4658: 4360: 4340: 3781: 3721: 3615: 3466: 3190:

Cropper, Corry (2004–2005). "Prosper Mérimée and the Subversive 'Historical' Short Story,"

1623: – several short satirical pieces purportedly by a Spanish actress, Clara Gazul (1825) 1306: 1302: 1158:, whom he described as "very much a gentleman" and "more spiritual than the usual German". 978: 968: 935:

made major changes to Mérimée's story, including eliminating the role of Carmen's husband.

678: 513: 5707: 5524: 4759: 4536: 4393: 4114: 4079: 1682:, ou Choix de Poésies Illyriques recueillies dans la Dalmatie, la Croatie et l'Herzegowine 1087: 1067: 778:, Maryland. some of which, with other similar pieces, have been republished in his works. 340: 8: 5966: 5825: 5529: 5414: 5255: 4638: 4633: 4469: 4210: 4145: 3761: 3594: 1505:, though it is known principally because of the fame of the opera made from the story by 1063: 755: 682: 574: 394: 257: 187: 5617: 5133: 4950: 4490: 4428: 4275: 4104: 3546: 1369: 950: 734: 589:, and their young daughter, Eugénie, then four years old, who in 1853 was to become the 402: 375: 6022: 5742: 5504: 5494: 5379: 5270: 5164: 5006: 4955: 4868: 4764: 4734: 4724: 4572: 4370: 4059: 3951: 3892: 3670: 3123: 2172: 1752: – historical novella about the slave trade in the 18th century, published in the 1443: 1365: 955:

At the end of 1847 Mérimée completed a major work on Spanish history, the biography of

771: 4904: 4784: 3981: 692: 5956: 5926: 5890: 5835: 5757: 5687: 5612: 5549: 5454: 5439: 5409: 5250: 5225: 5199: 5138: 5128: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 4679: 4648: 4592: 4587: 4403: 4388: 4310: 4195: 4140: 4064: 3976: 3929: 3832: 3822: 3786: 3652: 3326: 3274: 3155: 3141: 3111: 3101: 3082: 3052: 2907:

Schmitt, Alain (2007). "Mérimée et Victor Cousin – une amitié philosophique ?".

2539: 2094: 2051: 1936: 1849: 1685: 1578: 1566: 1461: 1438: 1155: 1075: 973: 873: 866: 847: 759: 465: 275: 245: 209: 31: 5296: 5291: 5174: 4011: 3961: 1422: 566: 308: 5562: 5459: 5384: 5301: 5265: 5143: 5118: 5113: 4814: 4804: 4799: 4789: 4779: 4754: 4684: 4607: 4582: 4150: 4099: 3996: 3837: 3827: 3810: 3771: 3766: 3741: 3335: 2943: 2916: 1986: 1982: 1831: 1660: 1541: 1501: 1450: 1427: 1314: 956: 893: 853: 606: 578: 534:

In 1829, Mérimée found a new literary genre that perfectly suited his talents; the

406: 328: 324: 304: 230: 168: 137: 5737: 5727: 4945: 4719: 4556: 4220: 3898: 1205: 751: 419:, bringing with him a group of friends, including Stendhal and the Russian writer 5961: 5946: 5921: 5845: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5682: 5667: 5622: 5557: 5429: 5399: 5245: 5240: 5123: 5046: 5036: 4986: 4894: 4769: 4663: 4602: 4597: 4464: 4408: 4325: 4315: 4135: 4119: 4074: 4041: 3914: 3864: 3802: 3791: 3554: 3522: 2140: 2121: 2006: 1857: 1596: 1562: 1549: 1469: 1333: 1226: 1213: 1201: 1071: 995:

on rue Choiseul, to perfect his Russian. He translated two more Pushkin stories,

799: 663: 562: 415: 204: 100: 5342: 4280: 3675: 1654: 1525:, are widely taught in French schools as examples of vivid style and concision. 452:. Ostensibly it was a collection of poems from the ancient Adriatic province of 5885: 5855: 5820: 5810: 5792: 5697: 5657: 5592: 5464: 5394: 5235: 5220: 5148: 5092: 5082: 5051: 5031: 4940: 4863: 4843: 4828: 4749: 4709: 4413: 4365: 4295: 4190: 4170: 4109: 4006: 3870: 3796: 3570: 3530: 2948: 2935: 1996: 1862: 1837: 1824: 1648: 1481: 1384: 1322: 1290:. They moved to a house at 18 rue Jacob in 1847 until his mother died in 1852. 1250: 1151: 1093: 1030:

In February 1848, as a member of the National Guard, he was a spectator at the

629: 477: 343:, a venerable figure in the literary and political life of Paris, where he met 323:

and Latin. Later in life he became fluent in Spanish, and could passably speak

320: 291: 5900: 5469: 4495: 4459: 4270: 3322: 1581:

in his honor. Another part of his legacy is the discovery and preservation of

1491:. In one of his later poems, he described a scene as being "flat as Mérimée". 529: 6049: 5895: 5860: 5850: 5830: 5762: 5712: 5577: 5567: 5352: 5327: 5215: 5189: 5077: 4858: 4729: 4335: 4265: 4240: 4230: 4185: 3885: 3578: 3498: 3388: 3364: 3280: 3115: 3047: 2090: 2083: 2067: 1842: 1716: 1506: 1477: 1465: 1432: 1413: 1388: 1380: 1270: 1209: 1163: 1147: 1016: 991:. He began to attend the literary salon of the Russian writers in Paris, the 926: 906: 544: 420: 249: 235: 5087: 1908: – an account of his first tour as Inspector of Public Monuments (1835) 410: 50: 5865: 5840: 5815: 5782: 5752: 5672: 5632: 5534: 5479: 5389: 5357: 5347: 5332: 5072: 4935: 4925: 4899: 4744: 4699: 4423: 4355: 4345: 4285: 4235: 4180: 3991: 3909: 3880: 3731: 3562: 3373: 3245: 1876: 1635: 1488: 1376: 1274: 1173: 1111: 1039: 270:, arranging for their preservation. He was instrumental in the creation of 5230: 3356:

Mérimée's works, a bibliography and a chronology of his life in English at

1684: – ballads purportedly translated from the original "Illyrian" (i.e. 508:

denounced the story for its "brutal and shameful passions". The third was

5880: 5747: 5597: 5194: 5097: 5041: 4848: 4714: 4418: 4350: 4084: 3945: 3904: 3853: 3726: 3638: 3221: 2920: 1665: 1529: 1484:

he wrote: "There is nothing like the Germans for audacity in stupidity".

1417: 1329: 1216:, based on a work in Russian by Nikolai Ustrialov, which appeared in the 886: 807: 798:

In 1841, during one of his inspection tours, he stayed at the Château of

703: 669:

On 27 May 1833, Prime Minister Thiers named Mérimée inspector-general of

659: 398: 352: 261: 221: 213: 115: 3017:, notes and presentation by Caecilia Perl, Flammarion (200), pages 10–13 1889: 901:

had told him during his visit to Spain in 1830. It tells of a beautiful

770:

practical skills in design. A few pieces of his own art are held by the

643: 5001: 4320: 4300: 4290: 3939: 3776: 1577:

in Paris. The French national list of heritage monuments is called the

1238: 1005: 862: 698: 497: 1587:

tapestries now on display in the National Museum of Medieval History.

565:

in Madrid, attending bullfights, and studying Moorish architecture in

5662: 4991: 4873: 4205: 3924: 3100:. Le Livre de Poche Classiques. Paris: Librairie générale française. 2114:) – a collection of letters from Mérimée to Jenny Dacquin (1874) 1866: 1630: 951:

The Second Republic and translation of Russian literature (1848–1852)

775: 225: 423:, to support Hugo. Hugo made an anagram from his name, transforming 5802: 3344: 3340: 2025: 1921: 1812: 1781: 1679: 1409: 1392: 1354: 1131: 1051: 959:. It was six hundred pages long and published in five parts in the 803: 448: 348: 3046:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

823: 728: 5474: 4225: 3816: 1971: – the first detailed study of the Romanesque murals of the 1931: 1748: 910: 820:, which Mérimée had helped create, where they can be seen today. 724: 636:, and consulted with the venerable French ambassador to England, 624: 570: 550: 539: 457: 453: 217: 3919: 1343: 1234: 931: 554:, a drama on a slave-trading ship, which were published in the 336: 240: 87: 3607: 3140:(2013), Flammarion, Presentation and notes by Caecelia Pierl, 1985:, also known as Peter the Cruel and Peter the Just, ruler of 1914: – description of the monuments of western France (1836) 1449:

In an essay of October 1851, he attacked the entire genre of

1368:

compared the personality of Mérimée with that of the painter

720: 70: 3259:

Raitt, A. W. "History and Fiction in the Works of Merimee."

3009: 3007: 2587: 2585: 1960:Études sur l'histoire romaine: vol.1 Guerre sociale, vol.II 1094:

Advisor to the Empress and Senator of the Empire (1852–1860)

758:. He returned the statues which had been removed during the 746:

He was assisted in several of his projects by the architect

446:

In July 1827 he published in a literary journal a new work,

347:

and other prominent writers. In 1822, at the salons, he met

299:

father's sister, Augustine, was the mother of the physicist

3875: 3355: 1827:

tale of a bronze statue that seemingly comes to life (1837)

1090:

prison, passing the time studying Russian irregular verbs.

878: 530:

Novellas, travels in Spain and government posts (1829–1834)

6116:

Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres

1885: – his last novella, published after his death (1870) 1646: – a comedy about a theatrical troupe, published the 1204:, the Château de Villebon, and the romanesque churches of 512:(1829), another historical novel, set during the reign of 413:. In 1830 he attended the riotous premiere of Hugo's play 3004: 2847: 2822: 2771: 2732: 2660: 2636: 2612: 2582: 2448: 2397: 2385: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 897:, according to Mérimée, was based upon a story which the 861:

was a by-product of his 1834 monument inspection tour to

220:, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted 2812: 2810: 2761: 2759: 2602: 2600: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2438: 2436: 1934:. This trip gave him the material for his next novella, 1494: 1328:

In 1833 he had a brief romantic liaison with the writer

1174:

Last works, the fall of the Empire and death (1861–1870)

460:

taken from the writings of the 18th-century French monk

2570: 2299: 1633:

in the Middle Ages (1828) - the basis for Lalo's opera

1375:

Politically, Mérimée was a liberal in the style of the

573:. He was in Spain in July 1830, when the government of 3302:

London: Archibald Constable & Co., pp. 26–55.

3237:"The Influence of George Borrow upon Prosper Mérimée," 3169:. Vol. 4 L - O. Paris: Librarie Aristide Quillet. 2416:

Petit Robert – Dictionnaire Universel des noms propres

2289: 2287: 2265: 2229: 2190: 2188: 2005: – first of a series of articles on the reign of 1021:

An Episode of the History of Russia; the False Dimitri

256:

and the restoration of the façade of the cathedral of

27:

French writer, archaeologist and historian (1803–1870)

2992: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2859: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2756: 2744: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2672: 2648: 2624: 2597: 2551: 2527: 2498: 2433: 2421: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2324: 1993:

Un Episode de l'histoire de Russie; le faux Demitrius

1890:

History, literature, notes on voyages and archaeology

1701:– a novel set at the French court at the time of the 987:

into French; it was published on 15 July 1849 in the

644:

Inspector-General of Historical Monuments (1833–1852)

442:, showing the purported author, Hyacinthe Maglanovich 3291:

New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, pp. 43–68.

2013:

Les Cosaques de l'Ukraine et leurs derniers attamans

370:); and a set of six short theater pieces called the 2284: 2253: 2241: 2185: 3515:Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier 3483:Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier 3026:From Notes and presentation by Caecelia Pierl for 1499:Mérimée's best-known literary work is the novella 1298:, or "Letters to an Unknown", in several volumes. 3065:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 166–167. 1034:that toppled King Louis Philippe and founded the 727:from demolishing the medieval ramparts along the 6047: 2026:Translations and criticism of Russian literature 628:there for long; in December 1832 Prime Minister 264:, he discovered the series of tapestries called 3263:(Apr 1969), Vol. 19 Issue 4, pp 240–247 online. 281: 208:; 28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was a 30:For the French national heritage database, see 3418: 3232:London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 390–402. 2130:, edited by Parturier, in three volumes (1943) 1305:. Born in 1806, she was the daughter of Count 806:district of central France, in the company of 393:died in 1824, and the regime of the new King, 3623: 3404: 1606:, have been adapted for film and television. 981:. By 1848 he was able to translate Pushkin's 658:tapestries discovered in 1841 by Mérimée and 2887:La Revue des Lettres modernes. Écritures XIX 1920: – description of the monuments of the 1740: – historical novella published in the 1054:to be classified as an historical monument. 940: 783: 3070: 2902: 2900: 1912:Notes d'un voyage dans l'ouest de la France 1906:Notes d'un voyage dans la midi de la France 577:was overthrown and replaced by the rule of 3630: 3616: 3411: 3397: 3051: 2885:Schmitt, Alain (2010). "Mérimée libéral". 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2489:"Letters from Spain No. III: An Execution" 686:1832 Victor Hugo wrote an article for the 548:, about a tragic vendetta in Corsica, and 49: 2947: 2206:Balsamo, Jean, Notes and introduction to 1975:, now a UNESCO World Heritage site (1845) 1594:, several of his other novellas, notably 963:between December 1847 and February 1848. 921:did not have the same popular success as 3256:Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 31–53. 3118:. Introduction and notes by Jean Balsamo 2909:Romantisme: Revue du dix-neuvième siècle 2897: 1973:Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe 1930: – description of the monuments of 1097: 733: 714:In 1840 he published the first official 697: 647: 433: 3164: 3095: 2906: 2884: 2871: 2576: 2278: 2138: 2120:, collection of his letters to the Sir 2076:("Выстрел") by Alexander Pushkin (1856) 1528:Mérimée was an important figure in the 1154:. He met prominent visitors, including 286:Prosper Mérimée was born in Paris, the 14: 6121:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour 6048: 3363: 3216:PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, 3076: 2998: 2986: 2974: 2962: 2933: 2865: 2853: 2828: 2816: 2801: 2789: 2777: 2765: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2666: 2654: 2642: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2591: 2564: 2504: 2454: 2442: 2427: 2403: 2391: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2330: 2305: 2293: 2259: 2247: 2235: 2218: 2216: 2194: 2158: 1995: – a study of the history of the 1979:Histoire de don Pédre, roi de Castille 1811: – a novella about the libertine 604:. These included the first mention of 6126:Burials at the Cimetière du Grand Jas 5977:Romanticism and the French Revolution 3611: 3392: 3289:The Symbolist Movement in Literature. 2533: 1688:) by one Hyacinthe Maglanovich (1827) 1495:Legacy and place in French literature 1420:as "words without ideas". Describing 1403: 290:, on 28 September 1803, early in the 203: 3275:Anthropoetics XIV, no. 2 Winter 2009 3211:Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux. 2003:Histoire du règne de Pierre le Grand 1672: 1353:He had a very close friendship with 593:, the wife of Emperor Napoleon III. 496:(1828), was a parody of the work of 3459:Henri-Charles du Cambout de Coislin 3201:. The Hague/Paris: Mouton & Co. 3167:Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Quillet 3152:La Vénus d'Ille et autres nouvelles 2213: 1954:Mélanges historiques et littéraires 1699:La Chronique du temps de Charles IX 1575:National Museum of Medieval History 1536:His development and mastery of the 1480:was a "chaos of obscurity", and of 877:is a tragic story about a Corsican 510:La Chronique du Temps de Charles IX 488:he wrote three traditional novels: 24: 3451:Pierre de Camboust, duc de Coislin 3443:Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin 3270:Vol. 6, No. 3/4, pp. 213–230. 3268:Nineteenth-Century French Studies, 3192:Nineteenth-Century French Studies, 3174: 1383:, and maintained an affection for 315:, and Jean-Jacques Ampère, son of 25: 6152: 6111:Members of the Académie Française 3332:Works by or about Prosper Mérimée 3316: 3307:"The Fiction of Prosper Mérimée," 3242:Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 143–156. 3218:Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 120–128. 3194:Vol. 33, No. 1/2, pp. 57–74. 2936:""Aa. Vv., "Cahiers Mérimée", 3"" 2344:Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris 2124:, librarian of the British Museum 2101: 1785: – novella published in the 1762: – novella published in the 1614: 731:to make way for railroad tracks. 174:Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont 6101:Translators of Alexander Pushkin 6030: 6029: 3348: 3312:Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 167–179. 3081:(in French). Paris: Flammarion. 3039: 1629: – dramatic scenes about a 1280: 762:, and later restored the spire. 558:, and had considerable success. 335:1820 he translated the works of 186: 98:Writer, historian, archaeologist 6136:19th-century French translators 6086:French people of Norman descent 3637: 3254:Studies in European Literature. 3020: 2927: 2834: 2510: 2481: 2460: 2409: 2336: 2311: 1652:(1829; the base of Offenbach's 702:The fortified medieval town of 6091:19th-century French historians 3199:The Poetics of Prosper Merimee 2493:The Dublin University Magazine 2200: 2165: 1643:Le carrosse du Saint-Sacrement 1225:Louvre, and to see his friend 1046:. In 1850 he arranged for the 524:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 13: 1: 6141:19th-century French novelists 6000:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 2153: 1918:Notes d'un voyage en Auvergne 1795: – novella published in 1772: – novella published in 1730: – novella published in 1627:La Jacquerie, scènes féodales 216:, one of the pioneers of the 3475:Jean Le Rond, dit d'Alembert 2418:, Volume 2, (1988) page 1880 2097:(1868), Ivan Turgenev (1868) 1168:The History of Julius Caesar 1060:Libri Carrucci Della Sommaja 957:Don Pedro I, King of Castile 869:and his fantastic stories". 742:, created by Mérimée in 1844 282:Education and literary debut 234:, which became the basis of 7: 3491:Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis 3347:(public domain audiobooks) 3300:Six Masters in Disillusion. 3235:Northup, George T. (1915). 3230:French Poets and Novelists. 3187:Vol. 246, pp. 230–245. 2518:On a Unicorn Hunt in France 1944:Essai sur la guerre sociale 1879:, published after his death 1709: 818:Musée national du Moyen Âge 795:, opened on 16 March 1844. 793:Musée national du Moyen Âge 740:Musée national du Moyen Âge 362:; a satirical piece called 272:Musée national du Moyen Âge 103:(1853–1870), member of the 10: 6157: 6106:Spanish–French translators 6096:Russian–French translators 5917:Coleridge's theory of life 3205:Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain 3128:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 2949:10.4000/studifrancesi.4740 2222:Pierl, Caecelia, Notes to 1989:in the 14th century (1848) 1969:Les Peintures de St.-Savin 1928:Notes d'un voyage en Corse 1738:L'Enlevement de la Redoute 1552:), and the autobiography ( 716:List of Historic Monuments 313:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu 29: 6009: 5972:Romanticism and economics 5909: 5801: 5548: 5370: 5315: 5284: 5208: 5157: 5106: 5065: 4974: 4918: 4882: 4836: 4827: 4672: 4616: 4565: 4524: 4483: 4437: 4379: 4249: 4128: 4050: 3987:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 3969: 3960: 3846: 3714: 3645: 3507:Charles-Guillaume Étienne 3429: 3209:The Lady and the Unicorn. 3185:The Gentleman's Magazine, 3096:Mérimée, Prosper (1995). 3028:Mateo Falcone and Tamango 2487:Mérimée, Prosper (1834). 2139:Mérimée, Prosper (1927). 1999:in Russian history (1852) 1692: 1192:in September 1869 in the 1032:French Revolution of 1848 941: 784: 706:, made a monument in 1860 185: 180: 159: 148: 121: 111: 94: 77: 57: 48: 41: 3752:German historical school 3359:Brigham Young University 3341:Works by Prosper Mérimée 3323:Works by Prosper Mérimée 3071:Bibliography (in French) 2063:The Government Inspector 2019:Les Cosaques d’autrefois 1946: – an essay on the 1703:St. Bartholomew massacre 1609: 1584:The Lady and the Unicorn 1339:The Lady and the Unicorn 1040:Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 813:The Lady and the Unicorn 655:The Lady and the Unicorn 364:Les Espagnols en Dannark 267:The Lady and the Unicorn 260:. Along with the writer 4399:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3294:Thorold, Algar (1909). 3077:Darcos, Xavier (1998). 3062:Encyclopædia Britannica 2934:Arrous, Michel (2012). 2495:, Vol. IV, pp. 184–191. 2149:]. Paris: Le Divan. 1981: – a biography of 1962:Conjuration de Catilina 1565:and the predecessor of 1144:Palais de Fontainebleau 1120:Palace of Fontainebleau 961:Journal des Deux Mondes 691:the Interior Minister, 355:in art and literature. 205:[pʁɔspɛʁmeʁime] 6076:French fantasy writers 5982:Romanticism in science 5937:Middle Ages in history 5932:List of Romantic poets 4644:Josiah Gilbert Holland 3138:Mateo Falcone, Tamango 2321:by Jean Balsamo (1995) 2128:General Correspondence 2108:Lettres à une inconnue 1950:in ancient Rome (1841) 1809:Les âmes du Purgatoire 1621:Théâtre de Clara Gazul 1476:was "a great humbug", 1468:, whom he admired. Of 1296:Lettres à une inconnue 1267:Cimetière du Grand Jas 1140:Château de Saint-Cloud 1107: 1048:crypt of Saint-Laurent 1044:Citadel of Carcassonne 1036:French Second Republic 743: 707: 666: 500:, set in 17th-century 443: 405:and the writers Hugo, 372:Théâtre de Clara Gazul 368:The Spanish in Denmark 6131:Lycée Henri-IV alumni 6081:French archaeologists 5952:Romantic epistemology 5942:Opium and Romanticism 4511:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 3737:Counter-Enlightenment 3305:Wells, B. W. (1898). 2842:Letters to an Unknown 2112:Letters to an unknown 1658:, and later the film 1359:Revue des deux Mondes 1288:Revue des deux Mondes 1194:Revue des deux Mondes 1101: 1084:Revue des deux Mondes 1080:Revue des deux Mondes 1025:Revue des Deux Mondes 1012:The Inspector General 989:Revue des deux Mondes 883:Revue des deux Mondes 748:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc 737: 701: 688:Revue des deux Mondes 651: 583:Cipriano Portocarrero 472:Revue des deux Mondes 437: 301:Augustin-Jean Fresnel 288:First French Republic 164:Augustin-Jean Fresnel 6016:Age of Enlightenment 3658:England (literature) 3467:Jean-Baptiste Surian 3369:"An inspector calls" 3180:Child, T.E. (1880). 3165:Mortier, R. (1962). 2921:10.3917/rom.135.0111 2058:L'Inspecteur général 2050:("Гусар") (1852) by 1823: – a fantastic 1728:Vision de Charles XI 1631:peasant insurrection 1364:The poet and critic 1307:Alexandre de Laborde 1136:Château de Compiègne 979:Nicholas I of Russia 679:Basilica of St Denis 671:historical monuments 514:Charles IX of France 303:and the orientalist 5967:Romantic psychology 3762:Hudson River School 3706:Sweden (literature) 3691:Russia (literature) 3595:Dominique Fernandez 3435:Claude de L'Estoile 3310:The Sewanee Review, 3197:Dale, R.C. (1966). 2856:, pp. 231–232. 2831:, pp. 238–239. 2780:, pp. 529–531. 2741:, pp. 486–489. 2669:, pp. 345–352. 2645:, pp. 324–325. 2621:, pp. 332–333. 2594:, pp. 294–296. 2457:, pp. 219–221. 2406:, pp. 148–156. 2394:, pp. 156–159. 2159:Notes and citations 2074:Le Coup de pistolet 2038:, "Пиковая дама"), 2036:The Queen of Spades 1315:King Louis Philippe 1303:Valentine Delessert 1218:Journal des Savants 984:The Queen of Spades 899:Countess of Montijo 756:Notre-Dame de Paris 683:Notre-Dame de Paris 587:Countess of Montijo 575:Charles X of France 519:Notre-Dame de Paris 494:La Famille Carvajal 258:Notre-Dame de Paris 212:in the movement of 176:(great-grandmother) 6071:Writers from Paris 3952:White Mountain art 3893:Historical fiction 3701:Spain (literature) 3420:Académie française 3296:"Prosper Mérimée." 3285:"Prosper Mérimée." 3250:"Prosper Mérimée." 3226:"Mérimée Letters." 3182:"Prosper Mérimée," 3154:, (2016), Librio, 3150:Mérimée, Prosper, 3136:Mérimée, Prosper, 3053:Saintsbury, George 3030:(2013), Flammarion 3013:Mérimée, Prosper, 2522:The New York Times 2516:Tindall, Gillian, 2468:"Prospere Mérimée" 2118:Letters to Panizzi 1900:Letters from Spain 1404:Literary criticism 1366:Charles Baudelaire 1319:Charles de Rémusat 1108: 943:Académie française 786:Académie française 772:Walters Art Museum 744: 708: 667: 662:in the Château of 614:, and the writers 444: 317:André-Marie Ampère 278:, bears his name. 105:Académie Française 6043: 6042: 5957:Romantic medicine 5927:List of romantics 5366: 5365: 5017:Felix Mendelssohn 5012:Fanny Mendelssohn 4823: 4822: 4537:Rosalía de Castro 4475:Soares dos Passos 3823:Transcendentalism 3787:Nazarene movement 3747:Düsseldorf School 3605: 3604: 3327:Project Gutenberg 3240:Modern Philology, 3160:978-2-0812-9390-8 3146:978-2-0812-9390-8 2308:, pp. 82=83. 2173:"Prosper Mérimée" 2095:Alexander Pushkin 2052:Alexander Pushkin 1896:Lettres d'Espagne 1793:La Double Meprise 1673:Poems and ballads 1567:Guy de Maupassant 1544:), poetry (Hugo, 1530:Romantic movement 1156:Otto von Bismarck 1088:Palais de la Cité 1076:Leonardo da Vinci 1068:College of France 974:Alexander Pushkin 760:French Revolution 638:Prince Talleyrand 602:Lettres d'Espagne 466:Alexander Pushkin 341:Juliette Récamier 194: 193: 112:Literary movement 81:23 September 1870 68:28 September 1803 16:(Redirected from 6148: 6033: 6032: 5992:Evolution theory 4834: 4833: 3967: 3966: 3828:Ukrainian school 3632: 3625: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3598: 3590: 3582: 3574: 3566: 3558: 3550: 3547:Louis de Loménie 3542: 3534: 3526: 3518: 3510: 3502: 3494: 3486: 3478: 3470: 3462: 3454: 3446: 3438: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3352: 3351: 3336:Internet Archive 3246:Pater, Walter H. 3170: 3133: 3127: 3119: 3092: 3066: 3057:Mérimée, Prosper 3045: 3043: 3042: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2942:(166): 167–168. 2931: 2925: 2924: 2915:(135): 111–127. 2904: 2895: 2894: 2882: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2838: 2832: 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d'Ille 789: 788: 600:under the title 579:Louis Philippe I 438:Frontispiece of 407:Alfred de Musset 403:Eugène Delacroix 305:Fulgence Fresnel 207: 202: 190: 169:Fulgence Fresnel 84: 67: 65: 53: 39: 38: 21: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6056:Prosper Mérimée 6046: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6027: 6019: 6005: 5962:Romantic poetry 5947:Romantic ballet 5922:German idealism 5905: 5871:Lacoue-Labarthe 5797: 5544: 5362: 5311: 5280: 5261:Rimsky-Korsakov 5204: 5153: 5102: 5061: 4970: 4914: 4878: 4819: 4668: 4612: 4561: 4520: 4479: 4433: 4375: 4316:Maria Edgeworth 4252: 4245: 4124: 4046: 3956: 3935:Romantic genius 3865:Gesamtkunstwerk 3842: 3803:Sturm und Drang 3710: 3641: 3636: 3606: 3601: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3569: 3561: 3555:Hippolyte Taine 3553: 3545: 3539:Prosper Mérimée 3537: 3529: 3523:Jean-Louis Laya 3521: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3481: 3473: 3465: 3457: 3449: 3441: 3433: 3425: 3417: 3379: 3377: 3367:(7 July 2007). 3349: 3319: 3177: 3175:Further reading 3121: 3120: 3108: 3089: 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Vénus d'Ille 1563:Edgar Allan Poe 1523:La Vénus d'Ille 1497: 1470:Charles Dickens 1406: 1379:, welcomed the 1334:Alexandre Dumas 1283: 1227:Anthony Panizzi 1214:Peter the Great 1202:Cordes-sur-Ciel 1185:La Chambre bleu 1176: 1124:Empress Eugénie 1104:Empress Eugénie 1096: 993:Cercle des Arts 953: 842:La Vénus d'Ille 837: 825:La Vénus d'Ille 800:Boussac, Creuse 693:François Guizot 646: 591:Empress Eugénie 532: 425:Prosper Mérimée 284: 200: 197:Prosper Mérimée 172: 167: 144: 130:La Vénus d'Ille 99: 86: 82: 69: 63: 61: 44: 43:Prosper Mérimée 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Prosper Merimee 15: 12: 11: 5: 6154: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6041: 6040: 6020: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5910:Related topics 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 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Shelley 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Mary Robinson 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4070:Chateaubriand 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3948: 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2065: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2046:, "Цыганы"), 2045: 2041: 2040:Les Bohémiens 2037: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1843:Georges Bizet 1840: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1780:La Partie de 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1717:Mateo Falcone 1714: 1713: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1559: 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His father 293: 289: 279: 277: 273: 269: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222:archaeologist 219: 215: 211: 210:French writer 206: 198: 189: 184: 179: 175: 170: 165: 162: 158: 154: 151: 147: 140: 139: 135: 132: 131: 127: 126: 124: 122:Notable works 120: 117: 114: 110: 106: 102: 97: 93: 89: 80: 76: 72: 60: 56: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6028: 6021: 6014: 5998: 5718:Porto-Alegre 5372:Philosophers 5256:Rachmaninoff 4705:Chavchavadze 4695:Baratashvili 4455:João de Deus 4424:Wincenty Pol 4216:Küchelbecker 4094: 3944: 3910:Noble savage 3897: 3863: 3838:Wallenrodism 3815: 3801: 3732:Coppet group 3666:(literature) 3587:Jean Bernard 3563:Albert Sorel 3538: 3378:. Retrieved 3374:The Guardian 3372: 3309: 3299: 3288: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3239: 3229: 3222:James, Henry 3215: 3208: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3166: 3151: 3137: 3097: 3078: 3060: 3027: 3022: 3014: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2958: 2939: 2929: 2912: 2908: 2890: 2886: 2861: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2824: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2577:Mérimée 1995 2572: 2535: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2500: 2492: 2483: 2471:. 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The opera 922: 918: 914: 902: 892: 891: 882: 872: 871: 858: 852: 846: 840: 838: 832: 828: 824: 811: 797: 780: 768: 764: 745: 713: 709: 687: 675: 668: 653: 605: 601: 597: 595: 563:Prado Museum 560: 555: 549: 543: 535: 533: 517: 509: 505: 493: 490:La Jacquerie 489: 485: 483: 476: 470: 447: 445: 439: 428: 424: 414: 388: 379: 371: 367: 363: 359: 357: 333: 285: 276:Base Mérimée 265: 239: 229: 196: 195: 136: 128: 83:(1870-09-23) 36: 32:Base Mérimée 6066:1870 deaths 6061:1803 births 5708:Michałowski 5540:Wackenroder 5505:F. Schlegel 5500:A. Schlegel 5276:Tchaikovsky 5165:Bortkiewicz 5037:R. Schumann 5032:C. Schumann 4997:Kalkbrenner 4966:Saint-Saëns 4271:Anne Brontë 4156:Eichendorff 4141:B. v. Arnim 4136:A. v. Arnim 3946:Weltschmerz 3905:Medievalism 3854:Blue flower 3782:Nationalist 3727:Bohemianism 3639:Romanticism 2999:Darcos 1998 2987:Darcos 1998 2975:Darcos 1998 2963:Darcos 1998 2866:Darcos 1998 2854:Darcos 1998 2829:Darcos 1998 2817:Darcos 1998 2802:Darcos 1998 2790:Darcos 1998 2778:Darcos 1998 2766:Darcos 1998 2751:Darcos 1998 2739:Darcos 1998 2727:Darcos 1998 2715:Darcos 1998 2703:Darcos 1998 2691:Darcos 1998 2679:Darcos 1998 2667:Darcos 1998 2655:Darcos 1998 2643:Darcos 1998 2631:Darcos 1998 2619:Darcos 1998 2607:Darcos 1998 2592:Darcos 1998 2565:Darcos 1998 2505:Darcos 1998 2455:Darcos 1998 2443:Darcos 1998 2428:Darcos 1998 2404:Darcos 1998 2392:Darcos 1998 2380:Darcos 1998 2368:Darcos 1998 2356:Darcos 1998 2331:Darcos 1998 2306:Darcos 1998 2294:Darcos 1998 2260:Darcos 1998 2248:Darcos 1998 2236:Darcos 1998 2195:Darcos 1998 2080:Apparitions 2044:The Gypsies 1666:Jean Renoir 1418:Victor Hugo 1330:George Sand 887:Romanticism 851:(1840) and 835:(1837–1845) 808:George Sand 729:Rhône River 704:Carcassonne 660:George Sand 502:New Granada 399:Victor Hugo 391:Louis XVIII 380:Clara Gazul 353:Romanticism 349:Henri Beyle 262:George Sand 254:Carcassonne 214:Romanticism 116:Romanticism 6050:Categories 5583:Chassériau 5558:Aivazovsky 5266:Rubinstein 5251:Mussorgsky 5200:Wieniawski 5185:Paderewski 5027:Moszkowski 4810:Vörösmarty 4800:Shevchenko 4654:Longfellow 4578:Batyushkov 4573:Baratynsky 4542:Espronceda 4409:Mickiewicz 4404:Malczewski 4371:Wordsworth 4356:M. Shelley 4311:de Quincey 4176:Günderrode 4060:Baudelaire 3940:Wanderlust 3777:Lake Poets 2893:: 105–115. 2536:Amazon.com 2154:References 2048:Le Hussard 1948:Social War 1861: – a 1455:Naturalism 1444:Baudelaire 1393:Voltairean 1239:Suez Canal 1006:Dead Souls 1001:The Hussar 915:Bohémienne 903:Bohémienne 863:Roussillon 498:Lord Byron 462:Dom Calmet 411:Eugène Sue 378:described 95:Occupation 64:1803-09-28 6023:Modernism 5683:Kiprensky 5643:Géricault 5628:Friedrich 5618:Delacroix 5593:Constable 5573:Bonington 5563:Bierstadt 5515:Senancour 5490:Schelling 5445:Lamennais 5440:Khomyakov 5405:Coleridge 5400:Chaadayev 5307:Stanković 5302:Mokranjac 5221:Balakirev 5180:Moniuszko 5129:Donizetti 5124:Cherubini 5022:Meyerbeer 5007:Marschner 4982:Beethoven 4895:Moscheles 4829:Musicians 4815:Wergeland 4780:Orbeliani 4735:Grundtvig 4639:Hawthorne 4608:Zhukovsky 4603:Vyazemsky 4588:Lermontov 4547:Gutiérrez 4506:Radičević 4470:Herculano 4394:Krasiński 4336:Radcliffe 4306:Coleridge 4281:E. Brontë 4276:C. 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