Protests against Nicolás Maduro

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said that when they were leaving a protest since it turned violent, "soldiers surrounded the car, broke the windows and tossed a tear gas canister inside". A man then said that a soldier "fired a shotgun at him at close range" while in the vehicle. The men were then "pulled from the car and beaten viciously" then one soldier "smashed their hands with the butt of his shotgun, telling them it was punishment for protesters’ throwing rocks." The vehicle was then set on fire. One protester said that while detained, soldiers "kicked him over and over again." The protesters he was with "were handcuffed together, threatened with an attack dog, made to crouch for long periods, pepper sprayed and beaten." The protester then said that he was "hit so hard on the head with a soldier’s helmet that he heard it crack". A woman also said she was with her daughter when "they were swept up by National Guard soldiers, taken with six other women to a military post and handed over to female soldiers". The women then said that "soldiers beat them, kicked them and threatened to kill them". The women also said that soldiers threatened to rape them, cut their hair and "were released only after being made to sign a paper stating that they had not been mistreated."

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Western Hemisphere, a 57 percent inflation rate and a scarcity of basic goods unprecedented outside of wartime.” The economic devastation, he added, “is matched by an equally oppressive political climate. Since student protests began on Feb. 4, more than 1,500 protesters have been detained, more than 30 have been killed, and more than 50 people have reported that they were tortured while in police custody,” thus exposing “the depth of this government's criminalization of dissent.” Addressing his incarceration, López recounted that on 12 February, he had “urged Venezuelans to exercise their legal rights to protest and free speech – but to do so peacefully and without violence. Three people were shot and killed that day. An analysis of video by the news organization Últimas Noticias determined that shots were fired from the direction of plainclothes military troops.” Yet after the protest, “President Nicolás Maduro personally ordered my arrest on charges of murder, arson and terrorism…. To this day, no evidence of any kind has been presented.”

2359:, Venezuelan government authorities arrested many innocent people. They stated that "the government routinely failed to present credible evidence that these protesters were committing crimes at the time they were arrested, which is a requirement under Venezuelan law when detaining someone without an arrest warrant". They also explained that "Some of the people detained, moreover, were simply in the vicinity of protests but not participating in them. This group of detainees included people who were passing through areas where protests were taking place, or were in public places nearby. Others were detained on private property such as apartment buildings. In every case in which individuals were detained on private property, security forces entered buildings without search orders, often forcing their way in by breaking down doors." One man was in his apartment when government forces fired tear gas into the building. The man went to the courtyard for fresh air and was arrested for no reason after police broke into the apartments. 3605: 2917: 1860:, surprisingly close compared to previous polls. Opposition leaders made accusations of fraud shortly after the election and Capriles refused to accept the results, alleging that voters had been coerced to vote for Maduro and claiming election irregularities. The National Electoral Council (CNE), which conducted a post-election audit of a random selection of 54% of the votes, comparing electronic records with paper ballots, claimed to find nothing suspicious. Capriles initially called for an audit of the remaining 46% of the votes, asserting that this would show that he had won the election. The CNE agreed to carry out an audit, and planned to do so in May. Later Capriles changed his mind, adding demands for a full audit of the electoral registry, and calling the audit process “a joke”. Before the government agreed to a full audit of the vote, there were public protests by opponents of Maduro. The crowds were ultimately dispersed by 2564:(OVCS), 9,286 protests occurred in 2014, the greatest number of protests occurring in Venezuela in decades. The majority of protests, 6,369 demonstrations, occurred during the first six months of 2014 with an average of 35 protests per day. SVCO estimated that 445 protests occurred in January; 2,248 in February; 1,423 in March; 1,131 in April; 633 in May; and 489 in June. The main reason of protest was against President Maduro and the Venezuelan government with 52% of demonstrations and the remaining 42% of protests were due to other difficulties such as labor, utilities, insecurity, education and shortages. Most protesting began in the first week of February, reaching peak numbers in the middle of that month following the call of students and opposition leaders to protest. 2231:

explained that “They told him that they would kill him if he didn’t sign it, ... He started to cry, but he wouldn’t sign it. They then wrapped him in foam sheets and started to hit him with rods and a fire extinguisher. Later, they doused him with gasoline, stating that they would then have evidence to charge him.” Amnesty International said that the Human Rights Center at the Andres Bello Catholic University had reported that, “There are two cases that involved electric shocks, two cases that involved pepper gas and another two cases where they were doused with gasoline,” she said. “We’ve found there to be systematic conduct on the part of the state to inflict inhumane treatment on detainees because of similar reports from different days and detention centers.”

2571:; with protests denouncing shortages increasing nearly fourfold, from 41 demonstrations in July 2014 to 147 in January 2015. In January 2015, there were 518 protests compared to the 445 in January 2014, with the majority of these protests involving shortages in the country. In the first half of 2015, there were 2,836 protests, with the number of protests dropping from 6,369 in the first half of 2014. Of the 2,836 protests that occurred in the first half of 2015, a little more than 1 of 6 events were demonstrations against shortages. The drop in numbers participating in protests was attributed by analysts to the fear of a government crackdown and Venezuelans being preoccupied with trying to find food due to the shortages. In January and February 2015, 2421: 2141: 2671: 2549: 1640: 63: 3532:, Twitter is very popular in Venezuela and according to an opposition figure, "Venezuela is a dictatorship, and the only free media is Twitter," Protesters use Twitter since "traditional media" has been unable to cover the protests and so that, "the international community can notice what's happening and help us spread the word in every corner," However, the government has been accused of using Twitter as a propaganda tool when it allegedly "purchased followers, created fake accounts to boost pro-government hashtags, and hired a group of users to harass critics" and claiming protesters were "fascists" that were trying to commit a "coup d'état". 3452:. The note was titled, "Operation Defense of the Socialist Revolution, Anti-Imperialist, and Madurista Chavista" said that her actions "promote destabilizing actions of fascist groups and stateless persons who seek to overthrow the legitimate government of President Nicolas Maduro, probably financed and paid by the squalid and bourgeois right have burned the country". They gave the reporter and ultimatum saying they knew where she and her family stayed telling her to "immediately stop communication" or she would suffer consequences in order to "enforce the Constitution and keep alive the legacy of our supreme commander and eternal Hugo Chavez". 2701:, President Maduro said that the protesters actions had caused several millions of dollars' worth of damage to public property. He continued, saying that the protesters have an undemocratic agenda to overthrow a democratically elected government, and that they are supported by the wealthy while receiving no support from the poor. He also added that crimes by government supporters will never be tolerated and that all perpetrators, no matter who they support, will be held accountable for their actions, and that the government has opened a Human Rights Council to investigate any issues, as "every victim deserves justice". In an interview with 2655: 1948: 3069: 2103: 3502: 3214:

45% popularity, while no opposition leader surpassed 40%. Another Datanálisis poll released on 5 May found that 79.5% of Venezuelans evaluated the country's situation as "negative". Maduro's disapproval rating had risen to 59.2%, up from 44.6% in November 2013. It also found that only 9.6% of the population would support the re-election of Maduro in 2019. The poll revealed that the Democratic Unity Roundtable had an approval rating of 39.6% compared to 50% of those who disapproved it; while the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela had a 37.4% approval rating, and a disapproval rating of 55%.

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of many areas in relation to last year. The country ranks last in the surrender of accounts by the government due to an increasing concentration of executive power and a weakened checks and balances." The report further states that "administrative bodies suffer inefficiencies and lack of transparency…and the judicial system, although relatively accessible, lost positions due to increasing political interference. Another area of concern is the increase in crime and violence, and violations of fundamental rights, particularly the right to freedom of opinion and expression."

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with much of the building's equipment destroyed and its windows shattered. Two weeks earlier, the Tachira state campus of the National Experimental University of the Armed Forces, a military university that was converted by government decree to a public university, was attacked with molotov cocktails and largely destroyed. The dean, who blamed opposition protesters, highlighted damage to the university's library, technology labs, offices, and buses. A National Guard officer stationed at the university was shot dead days later during a second attack on the campus.

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minority—usually less than a dozen people out of scores or hundreds of people present". It was reported that barricades were the most common form of protest and that occasional attacks on authorities with Molotov cocktails, rocks and slingshots occurred. In rare instances, homemade mortars were used by protesters. The use of Molotov Cocktails in some cases caught authorities and some government vehicles on fire. President Maduro has stated that some protests "have included arson attacks on government buildings, universities and bus stations."

1846: 1455:, shows that Venezuela achieved the second highest rate of poverty reduction in the region. The World Bank also explained that Venezuela's economy is "extremely vulnerable" to changes in oil prices since in 2012 "96% of the country’s exports and nearly half of its fiscal revenue" relied on oil production. In 1998, a year before Chávez took office, oil was only 77% of Venezuela's exports. Under the Chávez government, from 1999 to 2011, monthly inflation rates were high compared to world standards, but were lower than that from 1991 to 1998. 1761: 45: 3147:

and the "bureaucratic nightmare" of buying foreign currency; and frustration over the government's rhetoric regarding the alleged "far-right" nature of the opposition. Others offered a variety of reasons for not joining the protests, including: support for the government due to improvements in education, healthcare, and public transportation; pessimism over whether Maduro's ouster would lead to meaningful changes; and the belief that a capitalist model would be no more effective than a socialist model in a corrupt government system.

2192: 1908: 2541: 730: 3023: 2368: 3343: 2832: 2149: 1552: 1689: 2043: 2413: 1834: 1207:. Subsequent arrests and killings of student protesters spurred their expansion to neighboring cities and the involvement of opposition leaders. The year's early months were characterized by large demonstrations and violent clashes between protesters and government forces that resulted in nearly 4,000 arrests and 43 deaths, including both supporters and opponents of the government. Toward the end of 2014, and into 2015, continued shortages and low oil prices caused renewed protesting. 1723: 56: 3324:'s as the government has stifled the flow of information" and that "Journalists have been threatened and arrested, and had their equipment confiscated or had materials erased from their equipment." Those reporting the protests feel threatened by President Maduro who has created "an increasingly asphyxiating climate" for them. Television stations in Venezuela have hardly displayed live coverage of protests and had resulted in many opposition viewers moving to CNN in 2014. 2306:

them or to ease their suffering". Some National Guardsman assisted detainees that were being held in "incommunicado". It was also reported that "n several cases, doctors and nurses in public hospitals—and even those serving in military clinics—stood up to armed security forces, who wanted to deny medical care to seriously wounded detainees. They insisted detainees receive urgent medical care, in spite of direct threats—interventions that may have saved victims’ lives".

2405: 3232: 1496: 3623: 1135: 3540:"The social networks have come to be an alternative media," states Tarek Yorde, a Caracas-based political analyst. "But both sides, the government and opposition, use them to broadcast false information." Some photographs, often outdated or from protests in various countries around the world including Syria, Chile and Singapore, have been circulated by the opposition through social media to foment dissent. In an interview with 1523:. But what really set them off was the harsh police response to their initial protest, in which several students were detained and allegedly abused, as well as follow-up demonstrations to call for their release". These protests expanded, attracted non-students, and led to more detentions; eventually, other students joined, and the protests spread to Caracas and other cities, with opposition leaders getting involved. 2605:. After the election, protests once again began to disappear. According to the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict, by June 2018 more than four thousand protests had occurred in 2018, an average of twenty daily protests, of which eight out of ten were to demand social rights. Other protests that took place the same year were marches against low health works salary and unions protests against hyperinflation in 2183:

opposition demonstrations". Experts stated that all tear gas used by authorities should originally be colorless, noting that the color may be added to provoke or "color" protesters so they can easily be identified and arrested. On 10 April 2017, Venezuelan police fired tear gas at protesters from helicopters flying overhead, resulting with demonstrators running from projectiles to avoid being hit by the canisters.

1470:, intimidation of the media, and human rights abuses of its citizens. Government price controls put in place in 2002 which initially aimed for reducing the prices of basic goods have caused economic problems such as inflation and shortages of basic goods. The murder rate under Chávez's administration also quadrupled during his terms in office leaving Venezuela as one of the most violent countries in the world. 2227:, without moving, for hours at a time; being handcuffed to other detainees, sometimes in pairs and others in human chains of dozens of people, for hours at a time; and extended periods of extreme cold or heat." It was also reported that "many victims and family members we spoke with said they believed they might face reprisals if they reported abuses by police, guardsmen, or armed pro-government gangs". 2017:(UBCh), a government created civilian group that according to the government is a “tool of the people to defend its conquests, to continue fighting for the expansion of the Venezuelan Revolution”. In a tweet, Ameliach asked UBCh to launch a rapid counterattack against protesters saying, "Gringos (Americans) and fascists beware" and that the order would come from the President of the National Assembly, 1973:, praised colectivos saying, "If there has been exemplary behavior it has been the behavior of the motorcycle colectivos that are with the Bolivarian revolution." However, on 28 March 2014, Arreaza promised that the government would disarm all irregular armed groups in Venezuela. Colectivos have also been called a "fundamental pillar in the defense of the homeland" by the Venezuelan Prison Minister, 2030:

common abuses included "severely beating unarmed individuals, firing live ammunition, rubber bullets, and teargas canisters indiscriminately into crowds, and firing rubber bullets deliberately, at point-blank range, at unarmed individuals, including, in some cases, individuals already in custody". Human Rights Watch said that "Venezuelan security forces repeatedly resorted to force—including

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stating that they "had no place in the revolution". On a later occasion, President Maduro issued a condemnation of all violent groups and said a government supporter would go to jail if he performed a crime, just as an opposition supporter would. He said that someone who is violent has no place as a government supporter and thus should leave the pro-government movement immediately.

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government forces, such as using common items such as beer bottles, metal tubing, and gasoline to construct fire bombs and mortars, while using bottles filled with paint to block the views of tank and armored riot vehicle drivers. Common protective gear for protesters include motorcycle helmets, construction dust masks, and gloves.

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protests as a "coup" attempt, and blamed the United States for them. Finally, Capriles told protesters to stop and not play the "government's game," so there would be no more deaths. On 12 June 2013 the results of the partial audit were announced. The CNE certified the initial results and confirmed Maduro's electoral victory.

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frustration over the protests' goals not being achieved. The poll also found that 70% would participate in upcoming parliamentary elections—a possible "exhaust valve" for channeling popular discontent—but León noted this represented weakened participation and that Venezuelans were preoccupied with economic and social issues.

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human rights abuses, but said they were isolated incidents and not part of a larger pattern. When opposition parties asked for a debate about torture in the National Assembly, the Venezuelan government refused, blaming the violence on the opposition saying, "The violent are not us, the violent are in a group of opposition".

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explaining how prisoners dealt punishments toward one another and the punishment for "guarimberos" was to be tied and gagged, which would allegedly occur without intervention from the authorities. Other arrested protesters interviewed also explained their fears of being imprisoned with violent criminals.

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Years later on 14 February 2017, President Maduro ordered cable providers to take CNN en Español off the air, days after CNN aired an investigation into the alleged fraudulent issuing of Venezuelan passports and visas. The news story revealed a confidential intelligence document that links Venezuelan

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Luis Vicente León, the president of Datanálisis, announced on 6 April his findings that 70% who supported the protests at their start turned to 63% of Venezuelan rejecting the form of protests. He also announced that the results of his latest opinion studies showed President Maduro at between 42% and

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describes this "split personality" as representative of a long-standing class divide within the country and a potentially crippling fault within the anti-government movement, recognized both by opposition leaders and President Maduro. Later in the protests, however, many in Venezuela's slums that are

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The majority of protests were originally limited to more affluent areas of major cities with many working-class citizens thinking that the protests were unrepresentative of them and not working in their interests. This was especially evident in the capital Caracas, where in the wealthier east side of

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which stated that the "use of potentially lethal force, along with the firearm or another potentially lethal weapon" could be used as a last resort by the Venezuelan armed forces "to prevent disorders, support the legitimately constituted authority and reject any aggression, facing it immediately and

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR issued a report in July 2018 mentioning the excessive arbitrary arrests and detentions by the Venezuelan intelligence and security forces since July 2017. The report says that since 2014. There has been more than 12,000 arbitrarily

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leader Leopoldo Lopez announced that he would turn himself in to the Venezuelan government after one more protest saying, "I haven't committed any crime. If there is a decision to legally throw me in jail I'll submit myself to this persecution." On 17 February, armed government intelligence personnel

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In the first two months of 2016, over 1,000 protests occurred along with dozens of lootings, with the SVCO stating that the number of protests were increasing throughout Venezuela. From January to October 2016, 5,772 protests occurred throughout Venezuela with protests for political rights increasing

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Government forces have used firearms to control protests. Amnesty International reported that they had "received reports of the use of pellet guns and tear gas shot directly at protesters at short range and without warning" and that "Such practices violate international standards and have resulted in

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as “one of the most dangerous countries in the world,” a country “where crime escalated during the administration of former President Hugo Chávez and killings are common in armed robberies.” The Venezuelan Violence Observatory said in March 2014 the country's murder rate was now nearly 80 deaths per

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on 21 October 2016, the opposition organized another protest which was held on 26 October 2016, with hundreds of thousands participating while the opposition said 1.2 million participated. After some of the largest protests occurred in a late-2016, Vatican-mediated dialogue between the opposition and

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has also sought out viewpoints from the Venezuelan public. Respondents reiterated many of the core protest themes for their protester support: struggles with shortages in basic goods; crime; mismanagement of oil revenue; international travel struggles caused by difficulties in buying airline tickets

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being teargassed for trying to enter the National Assembly after having been expelled, some protesters attacked the headquarters of the Ministry of Public Works & Housing. President Maduro said the attack forced the evacuation of workers from the building after it had become "engulfed in flames"

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reported that the Penal Forum said that abuses are "continuous and systematic" and that Venezuelan authorities were "widely accused of beating detainees, often severely, with many people saying the security forces then robbed them, stealing cellphones, money and jewelry". In one case, a group of men

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In 2017, Amnesty International once again criticized the Bolivarian government's usage of chemical agents, expressing concern of a "red gas" used to suppress protesters in Chacao on 8 April 2017, demanding "clarification of the components of the red tear gas used by state security forces against the

2167:, supplied by Cóndor of Brazil, which meets Geneva Convention requirements. However, 72% of the tear gas used was expired and other canisters produced in Venezuela by Cavim did not show adequate labels or expiration dates. Following the expiration of tear gas, Krauter notes that it "breaks down into 1616:

moreover, ranked Venezuela's government in 99th place worldwide and gave it the worst ranking of any country in Latin America in the 2014 Rule of Law Index. The report says, "Venezuela is the country with the poorest performance of all countries analyzed, showing decreasing trends in the performance

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protested against the "official censorship" of media by the government in Venezuela which included blocking the internet, banning channels, revoking foreign media credentials, harassing reporters and limiting resources for newspapers. The Association of Foreign News Correspondents in Venezuela also

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The opposition demonstrations that followed have been called by some as "Middle Class Protests". However, some lower class Venezuelans told student protesters visiting them that they also want to protest against the "worsening food shortages, crippling inflation and unchecked violent crime" but are

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Days after the introduction of the resolution, Padrino López stated that critics "decontextualized" the decree calling it "the most beautiful document of profound respect for human rights to life and even the protesters". On 7 March 2015, Padrino López later announced that the Venezuelan government

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225 Venezuelan military officers rejected the allegations against the three air force generals stating that to bring them before a military court "would be violating their constitutional rights, as it is essential first to submit a preliminary hearing" and asked the National Guard "to be limited to

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Human Rights Watch stated that "Despite credible evidence of crimes carried out by these armed pro-government gangs, high-ranking officials called directly on groups to confront protesters through speeches, interviews, and tweets", further noting that President Nicolas Maduro "on multiple occasions

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Human Rights Watch reported that government forces "repeatedly allowed" colectivos "to attack protesters, journalists, students, or people they believed to be opponents of the government with security forces just meters away" and that "in some cases, the security forces openly collaborated with the

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Social media is an essential tool for Venezuelans to show the news in the streets, which contradicts most official news from the government and most stories have to be compiled together from cell phone videos on small websites. The popularity of social media to some Venezuelans is due to a lack of

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investigation that followed two students encouraging anti-government support in poor districts found much discontent among the lower classes, but those Venezuelans were generally more worried about possibly losing pensions, subsidies, education, and healthcare if the opposition were to gain power,

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to quell the first wave of demonstrations, but police presence was scarce during the second wave of popular protests prompted by even further tensions, violence, killings, crisis and shortages. Four days of daily protests gained momentum and widespread unrest continued throughout over 105 areas in

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Since the outset of the protests, peaceful daytime demonstrations advocating for policy changes and "redress of misgovernment" have received widespread support among the public. However, calls for regime change have been met with minimal backing while opposition leaders have struggled to win over

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made of hose pieces and nails, colloquially known in Spanish as “miguelitos” or "chinas", to deflate motorbike tires. The government has also condemned their usage. Protesters have cited videos of protests in Ukraine and Egypt as inspiration for their tactics in defending barricades and repelling

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Human Rights Watch reported that, "not all of the security force members or justice officials encountered by the victims in these cases participated in the abusive practices. Indeed, in some of the cases ... security officials and doctors in public hospitals had surreptitiously intervened to help

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had their licenses revoked and were forced to undergo changes in ownership, respectively." The government has, according to the opposition, "a powerful structure of radio stations, television stations and newspapers to have a communicational hegemony with their public funds" and does not provide

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editorial board stated that such fears of a coup by President Maduro "appear to be a diversion strategy by a maniacal statesman who is unable to deal with the dismal state of his country’s economy and the rapidly deteriorating quality of life despite having the world’s largest oil reserves". The

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The Venezuelan Attorney General's office reported it was conducting, as of the Human Rights Watch report, 145 investigations into alleged human rights abuses, and that 17 security officials had been detained in connection to them. President Maduro and other government officials have acknowledged

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Human Rights Watch reported that a man was going home and was attacked by National Guardsman dispersing a group of protesters. He was then hit by rubber bullets the National Guardsmen shot, beat by the National Guardsmen, and then shot in the groin. Another man was detained, shot repeatedly with

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with "hard plastic buckshot at point-blank range" which allegedly injured a great number of protesters and killed a woman. The woman who was killed was banging a pot outside of her house in protest when her father reported that "soldiers rode up on motorcycles" and that the woman then fell while

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Government authorities have used "unlawful force against unarmed protesters and other people in the vicinity of demonstrations". Government agencies involved in the use of unlawful force include the National Guard, the National Police, the Guard of the People, and other government agencies. Some

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report. More than half of those interviewed in a Datos survey held the Maduro government responsible for the country's current economic situation and most thought the country's economic situation would be worse or just as bad in the next 6 months of 2014. President Maduro has blamed the economic

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titled “Venezuela’s Failing State," Lopez lamented “from the Ramo Verde military prison outside Caracas" that for the past fifteen years, “the definition of ‘intolerable’ in this country has declined by degrees until, to our dismay, we found ourselves with one of the highest murder rates in the

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reported that student protesters had been tortured by government forces in an attempt for the government to make them admit they are part of a plan of foreign individuals to overthrow the Venezuelan government. In Valencia, protesters were dispersed by the National Guard in El Trigál where four

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report in February 2014 noted that “legions of the sick across the country” were being “neglected by a health care system doctors say is collapsing after years of deterioration.” Doctors said it was impossible “to know how many have died, and the government doesn't keep such numbers, just as it

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the necessary means". The resolution conflicted with Article 68 of the Venezuelan Constitution that states, "the use of firearms and toxic substances to control peaceful demonstrations is prohibited. The law shall regulate the actions of the police and security in the control of public order".

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and the Venezuelan National Guard were also seen firing weapons and bombs on buildings where opposition protesters were gathered. During a press conference, Minister of the Interior and Justice Miguel Rodriguez Torres denied allegations of Cuban special forces known as the "Black Wasps" of the

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Amnesty International "received reports from detainees who were forced to spend hours on their knees or feet in detention centers". Amnesty International also reported that a student was forced at gunpoint by plainclothes officers to sign a confession to acts he did not commit where his mother

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reported that a protester was "shot at such close range by a soldier at a protest that his surgeon said he had to remove pieces of the plastic shotgun shell buried in his leg, along with the shards of keys" that were in their pocket at the time. Venezuelan authorities have also been accused of

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also condemned the impunity that irregular groups have had while attacking protesters. President Maduro has thanked certain groups of motorcyclists for their help against what he views as a "fascist coup d'etat... being waged by the extreme right", but also distanced himself from armed groups,

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for 165th place out of 176. TNI public opinion data says that most Venezuelans believe the government's effort against corruption is ineffective, that corruption has increased and that government institutions such as the judicial system, parliament, legislature and police are the most corrupt.

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In a 2014 survey by Gallup, nearly 75% of Venezuelans believe corruption is widespread in their government. Leopoldo López has said, "We are fighting a very corrupt authoritarian government that uses all the power, all the money, all the media, all the laws, all the judicial system in order to

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leader, says he supports peaceful protesting, the Venezuelan government has been widely condemned for its handling of the protests. Venezuelan authorities have gone beyond the use of rubber pellets and tear gas to instances of live ammunition use and torture of arrested protesters according to

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of the Bolivarian National Guard criticized the Venezuelan government in a YouTube video. He said that "As a national guard member who loves this country and is worried about our future and our children". He continued saying that, “There are sufficient reasons to demand the resignation of the

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was interfering with the Venezuelan government. At the same time the Venezuelan government supporters commemorated the first year since the death of President Chávez, the Venezuelan government severed diplomatic relations with Panama. Three days following, the government declared cessation of

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The director of the Venezuelan Penal Forum, Alfredo Romero, called for both the opposition and the Venezuelan government to listen to the claims of the alleged human rights violations that have not been heard. He also reported that a woman was tortured with electric shocks to her breasts. The

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article sharing interviews with protesters who were arrested, individuals explained their experiences in jail. One protester explained how he was placed into a 3 by 2 meter cell with 30 other prisoners where the inmates had to defecate in a bag behind a single curtain. The protester continued

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members using tear gas and rubber bullets. President Maduro responded to the protests by saying, “If you want to try to oust us through a coup, the people and the armed forces will be waiting for you.” The clashes resulted in 7 people killed and dozens injured. President Maduro described the

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The opposition says that crime is the government's fault "for being soft on crime, for politicizing and corrupting institutions such as the judiciary, and for glorifying violence in public discourse," while the government says that "capitalist evils" are to blame, such as drug trafficking and

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have since evolved into "fortress-like structures" of bricks, mattresses, wooden planks and barbed wire guarded by protesters, who "have to resort to guerrilla-style tactics to get a response from the government of President Nicolas Maduro". However, their use is controversial. Critics claim

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Apart from peaceful demonstrations, an element in some protests includes burning trash, creating barricades and have resulted in violent clashes between the opposition and state authorities. Human Rights Watch said that protesters "who committed acts of violence at protests were a very small

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claimed that the high murder rate was due to Venezuela's “ growing poverty rate; rampant corruption; high levels of gun ownership; and a failure to punish murderers (91% of the murders go unpunished, according to the Institute for Research on Coexistence and Citizen Security).” InsightCrime

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The Association of Foreign News Correspondents in Venezuela accused the government of assaulting reporters. The National Union of Journalists (SNTP) in Venezuela has said there has been at least 181 attacks on journalists in the first few months of 2014 and that there has been "82 cases of

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In a poll released on 5 May 2015, Datanálisis found that 77% of respondents did not intend to participate in peaceful protests, while 88% would not participate in protests involving barricades. León attributed this to the criminalization of the protests, fears of government repression, and

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fulfill its functions under articles 320, 328 and 329 of the Constitution and cease their illegal activities repression of public order". The allegations against the air force generals were also seen by former Venezuelan officials and commanders as a "media maneuver" to gain support from

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in Caracas and held individuals that were inside at gunpoint. On 18 February, Lopez explained during his speech how he could have left the country, but "stayed to fight for the oppressed people in Venezuela". Lopez surrendered to police after giving his speech and was transferred to the

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party said, "Media censorship means people here only know the government version that spoiled rich kids are burning down wealthy parts of Caracas to foment a coup," creating a disconnect between opposition leaders and working-class Venezuelans that keeps protest support from spreading.

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the country. Thousands participated in protests against late service deliveries and called on a solution to end the electricity, fuel and gas shortages. The wave of demonstrations and protests was the biggest since March. Two people were killed during the second wave of demonstrations.

2034:—in situations in which it was wholly unjustified" and that "the use of force occurred in the context of protests that were peaceful, according to victims, eyewitnesses, lawyers, and journalists, who in many instances shared video footage and photographs corroborating their accounts". 2090:". The woman died days before her birthday. Her father said that the soldier who killed her was not arrested. There has also been claims by the Venezuelan Penal Forum accusing authorities that have allegedly attempted to tamper with evidence, covering up that they had shot students. 1593:(TNI). Venezuela has been one of the most corrupt countries in TNI surveys since they started in 1995, ranking 38th out of 41 that year and performing very poorly in subsequent years. In 2008, for example, it was 158th out of 180 countries in 2008, the worst in the Americas except 1981:

pro-government attackers". Human Rights Watch also stated that they "found compelling evidence of uniformed security forces and pro-government gangs attacking protesters side by side. One report said that government forces aided pro-government civilians that shot protesters with

2609:, starting in May 2018, and ending in August 2018, with none of their main focal points made with the government. Lawyers, jobless workers and teachers also held strikes throughout the strike movement period, calling for salaries and better wage increases. Protesters formed 3130:

In some poor neighborhoods like Petare in western Caracas, residents that had benefitted from such government programs, joined protests against inflation, high murder rates and shortages. Demonstrations in some poor communities remain rare, partially out of fear of armed

2064: 2069: 2067: 2063: 3582:. Student protesters contested the statement, saying there is no Carnaval celebrations on the island and that "here there is nothing to celebrate; Venezuela is mourning". President Maduro allegedly played a video, edited specifically in order to accuse mayor of 2068: 1408:. Later, another coup was performed while Chávez was in prison. Both coup attempts failed and fighting resulted in around 143–300 deaths. Chávez, after receiving a pardon from president Rafael Caldera, later decided to participate in elections and formed the 10563: 1792:, president of the Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce, who said that many foreign business executives were too scared to travel to Venezuela and that many owners of Venezuelan companies live abroad, with the companies producing less as a result. 3550:

referenced such photographs as evidence of the opposition's campaign to falsely portray the protests as having widespread student support when the protests instead involve, as he claimed, only a few hundred students in a country with 9.5 million of them.

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clique," whose radicalism undermines support for the mainline opposition and seemingly reinforces the government's narrative of "fascists" working to overthrow the government in what Maduro described as a "slow motion coup." An activist belonging to the

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demanded the immediate release of Leopoldo Lopez after his arrest saying, "The arrest of Leopoldo López is an atrocious violation of one of the most basic principles of due process: you cannot imprison someone without evidence linking him with a crime".

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Dube, Ryan and Kejal Vyas (21 February 2019). "Venezuelan Official Breaks With Maduro; Hugo Carvajal, the former military-intelligence chief, pledges support for opposition leader Juan Guaidó and says humanitarian aid should be let into the country".

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in prison, but friends, relatives, opposition members and NGOs denied the allegation. Alban was arrested on 5 October, at Caracas international airport, when he was coming back from New York, where he had meetings with foreign diplomats attending the

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The article 68 of the Venezuelan Constitution states that "the use of firearms and toxic substances to control peaceful demonstrations is prohibited", and that "the law shall regulate the actions of the police and security control of public order."

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seen as "bulwarks of support" thanks to social welfare programs, supported the protesters due to frustrations over crime, shortages, and inflation and increasingly began to protest and loot as the situation in Venezuela continuously deteriorated.

1950: 2997:, which had protests days after his death numbering in the thousands. Students, academics and human rights groups condemned the resolution. International entities had expressed concern with Resolution 8610 as well, including the Government of 1994:, fascists and violent , and today now other sectors of the country’s population as well have gone out on the streets, I call on the UBCh, on the communal councils, on communities, on colectivos: flame that is lit, flame that is extinguished. 1481:, who was vice president at the time, took Chávez's place. Throughout the year 2013 and into the year 2014, worries about the troubled economy, increasing crime and corruption increased, which led to the start of anti-government protests. 2086:

trying to seek shelter in her home. Witnesses of the incident then said that "a soldier got off his motorcycle, pointed his shotgun at her head and fired". The shot that was fired by the policeman "slammed through her eye socket into her

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On 15 March 2014, President of the National Assembly Diosdado Cabello announced a new commission called the "Truth Commission" whose establishment was ordered by the president in order to show videos and images of "where fascism is."

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war". This video was posted days after Scott was accused of plotting a coup against the government "joining three generals from the air force and another captain of the national guard already accused of plotting against the state".

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rubber bullets, beat with rifles and helmets by three National Guardsman and was asked "Who's your president?" Some individuals that were arrested innocently were beaten and forced to repeat that Nicolas Maduro was president.

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Protests like this by the poor are really new. The opposition always claimed they existed before, but when you talked to the demonstrators, they were all middle class. But now, it is the poorest who are suffering the most.

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In Venezuela, a person is murdered every 21 minutes. In the first two months of 2014, nearly 3,000 people were murdered – 10% more than in the previous year and 500% higher than when Hugo Chávez first took office. In 2014,

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Public support for the protests has also been affected by media coverage. Some outlets have downplayed, and sometimes ignored, the larger daytime protests, allowing the protest movement to be defined by its "tiny, violent

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said that those who were detained by government authorities were subjected to "severe physical abuse" with some abuses including being beaten "with fists, helmets, and firearms; electric shocks or burns; being forced to

1693: 10278: 2774:, President Maduro spoke out against the media, international artists, and criticized the President of the United States saying, "I invoke Obama and his African American spirit, to give the order to respect Venezuela." 10567: 3049:

marched with protesters and delivered a document to the Cuban Embassy saying, "Let's go to the Cuban Embassy to ask them to stop Cuban interference in Venezuela. We know for a fact that Cubans are in the barracks' and

1235:

attempted to assume the powers of the opposition-led National Assembly and removed their immunity, though the move was reversed days later, demonstrations grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014".

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hasn't published health statistics since 2010.” Health Minister Isabel Iturria refused to give the AP an interview, while a deputy health minister, Nimeny Gutierrez, “denied on state TV that the system is in crisis.”

11756: 8235: 5713: 1273:, were a controversial form of protest in 2014. Although initially protests were mainly performed by the middle and upper classes, lower class Venezuelans became involved as the situation in Venezuela deteriorated. 3380:

in Venezuela that they, "must comply without delay with orders to block websites with content contrary to the interests of the Government" in order to prevent "destabilization and unrest". It was also reported by

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students (three men and one woman) were attacked inside of a car while trying to leave the perimeter; the three men were imprisoned and one of them reported being sodomized by one of the officers with a rifle.

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was tried and sentenced to ten and a half months of jail for failing to comply with a court order to take down barricades in his municipality which resulted in various deaths and injuries in the previous days.

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forced three arrested adolescents to confess to crimes they did not commit and then the adolescents "kneeled and were forced to raise their arms then shot with buckshot throughout their body" during an alleged

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was taken off the air by CONATEL (the Venezuelan government agency appointed for the regulation, supervision and control over telecommunications) for "promoting violence". President Maduro also denounced the

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The allegations that members of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces were in Venezuela began when many people reported images of a military transport plane deploying uniformed soldiers alleged to be Cuban.

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and was considered a pro-Maduro legislator, "one of the government's most prominent figures"—said that Maduro orders the so-called "spontaneous protests" in his favor abroad, and his partners finance them.

2347:, were in custody after shooting unarmed, fleeing, protesters several times in violation of protocol. President Maduro announced that the personnel who fired at protesters were arrested for their actions. 4196: 2113:

Some mysterious chemical agents were used in Venezuela as well. On 20 March 2014, the appearance of "red gas" first occurred when it was used in San Cristóbal against protesters, with reports that it was

8470: 8325: 8410: 7790: 2118:. The first reported use of "green gas" was on 15 February 2014 against demonstrations in Altamira. On 25 April 2014, "green gas" was reportedly used again on protesters in Mérida. Venezuelan-American 8867: 2302:

Venezuelan Penal Forum also reported students being tortured with electric shocks, being beaten, and being threatened of being set on fire after they were doused in gasoline after they were arrested.

1326:, who has used the controversial charges of murder and inciting violence against him to protest the government's "criminalization of dissent". Other controversies reported during the protests include 2206:

According to Amnesty International, "torture is commonplace" against protesters by Venezuelan authorities despite Article 46 of the Venezuelan Constitution prohibiting "punishment, torture or cruel,

9078: 3190:, which has been an effective narrative for gaining support because people "are more inclined to believe conspiracy theories of price gouging than the intricacies of underlining economic policies." 8949: 2967:

arrests. From August 2017 to May 2018 alone at least 570 people, including 35 children, have been detained. Venezuelan security forces have summarily executed many of anti- government protesters.

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argued for 'unity' and dialogue with the government, and attended meetings held by the President to discuss cooperation among the country's mayors and governors. Other opposition leaders, such as

11992: 11617: 8357: 12063: 6445: 1267:, although small groups of protesters have been responsible for attacks on public property, such as government buildings and public transportation. Erecting improvised street barricades, dubbed 11166: 4600: 2163:, a chemist and professor, involved the collection of thousands of tear gas canisters fired by Venezuelan authorities in 2014. She stated that the majority of canisters used the main component 10161: 8758: 2807:

reported that "he Trump administration held secret meetings with rebellious military officers from Venezuela over the last year to discuss their plans to overthrow President Nicolás Maduro."

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On 15 February, the father of Leopoldo Lopez said "They are looking for Leopoldo, my son, but in a very civilized way" after his house was searched through by the government. The next day,

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the city, protests widely disrupted daily activities, while life in the poorer west side of the city—hit especially hard by the country's economic struggles— largely continued as normal.

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Throughout the protests, a common tactic that has divided opinions among Venezuelans and the anti-government opposition has been erecting burning street barricades, colloquially known as

1685:", and have caused severe shortages of food and other basic goods. Such policies created by the Venezuelan government have hurt businesses and led to shortages, long queues, and looting. 1511:

to the forefront. According to the Associated Press, well before protests began in the Venezuelan capital city of Caracas, the attempted rape of a young student on a university campus in

836: 11528: 7730: 3174:

Some Venezuelans contend that the protests—seen as "rich people trying to get back lost economic perks"—have only served to unite the poor in defense of the revolution. Analysts such as

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President Maduro has said: "Beginning February 12, we have entered a new period in which the extreme right, unable to win democratically, seeks to win by fear, violence, subterfuge and

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100,000 people, while government statistics put it at 39 deaths per 100,000. The number of those murdered during the previous decade was comparable to the death rate in Iraq during the

7574: 7391: 6026: 12234: 12177: 6526: 11239: 11214: 11012: 8920: 3182:, have expressed doubt over the protests' ultimate effectiveness if the opposition cannot create broader social mobilization. Eric Olson, associate director for Latin America at the 2065: 11547: 2747:

saying, "Rather than trying to distract from protests by making false accusations against U.S. diplomats, Venezuela's government should address the people's legitimate grievances".

9355: 8814: 7869: 6578: 4168: 1184:, and chronic shortages of basic goods and services. Explanations for these worsening conditions vary, with analysis blaming strict price controls, alongside long-term, widespread 10191: 7260: 7056: 5072: 4841: 9369: 7230: 1369:

revealed a protest count, showing over 50,000 registered protests in Venezuela since 2013. In 2020, organized protests against Maduro had largely subsided, especially due to the

13497: 7760: 3578:, also used old images of crowded ferries from August 2013 trying to indicate that life is back to normal in Venezuela and a massive mobilization of ferries are on their way to 10897: 13864: 13622: 10286: 6322: 3758: 9655: 7316: 7174: 3328:

Vice President Tareck El Aissami to 173 Venezuelan passports and IDs issued to individuals from the Middle East, including people connected to the terrorist group Hezbollah.

1939:

said that "the government of Venezuela has tolerated and promoted groups of armed civilians," which HRW claims have "intimidated protesters and initiated violent incidents".

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saying, "I heard the testimony of Juan Manuel Carrasco who was raped and tortured and the Attorney General of this country has the inhuman condition to deny and even mock".

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as a form of unity, with Smilde saying, "When you talk about conspiracies, it's basically a way of rallying the troops. It's a way of saying 'this is no time for dissent'".

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from the U.S.'s ambassador to Venezuela outlining plans to "'divide', 'isolate' and 'penetrate' the Chávez government" and revealing opposition group funding, some through

10616: 9136: 7422: 6243: 5458: 9397: 8975: 5432: 4626: 11786: 10402: 5642: 4214: 1788:; during some periods, Venezuela had a higher rate of civilian deaths than Iraq, even though the country was at peace. Crime had also affected the economy, according to 6768: 5697: 4386: 1610:

According to TNI, Venezuela is currently the 18th most corrupt country in the world (160 of 177) and its judicial system has been deemed the most corrupt in the world.

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where SEBIN personnel would "watch their homes and offices, the public places like bakeries and restaurants, and would send them text messages to their cell phones".

2156:

In April 2014, Amnesty International worried about "the use of chemical toxins in high concentrations” by government forces and recommended better training for them.

2058:

the death of at least one protester." They also said that "Demonstrators detained by government forces at times have been denied medical care and access to lawyers".

11273: 10842: 8840: 8056: 2397:, which are primarily erected in residential areas, victimize local residents and businesses and have little political impact. Many opposition protesters argue that 2890:

generals were arrested for allegedly planning a "coup" against the government and in support for the protests and will be charged accordingly. On 29 April, Captain

10532: 10222: 10082: 9885: 7622: 5540: 5315: 5049: 3852: 3281:

had raided facilities of reporters and human rights defenders several times. It was also stated that SEBIN occasionally intimidated reporters by following them in

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harassment, 40 physical assaults, 35 robberies or destruction of the work material, 23 arrests and a bullet wound" and that at least 20 attacks were performed by

2495:

said 22 vehicles of the company Corpoelec had been burned and that some public property electricity distribution wires were cut down The Land Transport Minister,

1519:, led to protests from students "outraged" at "long-standing complaints about deteriorating security under President Nicolas Maduro and his predecessor, the late 14853: 14018: 8732: 4500: 4200: 13280: 12093: 11114: 10979: 10589: 9104: 8478: 8335: 6806: 755: 10954: 10455: 8536: 8418: 4058: 12037: 7798: 5400: 4009: 3346:

A sign reading, "Why do the Venezuelans protest? Insecurity, injustice, shortages, censorship, violence, corruption. Protesting is not a crime; it's a right".

3207: 11298: 11088: 9521: 9453: 8875: 8384: 3317: 1163: 12146: 9333: 3526:

trust, supposed propaganda from state owned media and alleged "self-censorship" that private media now uses in order to please the government. According to

2005:

called on civilian groups loyal to the government to 'extinguish the flame' of what he characterized as 'fascist' protesters". The governor of the state of

13310: 9082: 3604: 811: 10642: 8953: 4244: 2567:

The number of protests then declined into mid-2014 only to increase slightly in late 2014 into 2015 following the drop in the price of oil and due to the

750: 11816: 11700: 11435: 8640: 3001:

which stated that it was "concerned by the decision of the Government of Venezuela to authorize the use of deadly force against demonstrators" while the

11989: 11621: 10792: 10725: 8684: 8361: 7196: 6608: 6297: 2446: 1630: 12071: 10064: 2708: 2496: 11170: 9858: 6273: 5103: 4604: 2916: 2491:

Many vehicles have been destroyed, including those belonging to the national food distribution companies PDVAL and Bicentenario. Electricity Minister

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alongside Brazilian senators presenting a photo of Geraldine Moreno, who was killed after being shot in the face by Venezuelan authorities armed with

1779:

and her ex-husband in a roadside robbery in the presence of their five-year-old daughter, who herself was shot in the leg, Venezuela was described by

12706: 10169: 8762: 7849: 4655: 3080:

afraid to since pro-government groups known as "colectivos" had "violently suppressed" demonstrations and had killed some opposition protesters too.

2388:. Initially, these barricades consisted of piles of trash and cardboard set on fire at night, and were easily removed by Venezuelan security forces. 11842: 10870: 9027: 8078: 7648: 4809: 1677:

in Venezuela also continues to accelerate, possibly helping to fuel more inflation. The Venezuelan government's economic policies, including strict

8117: 4460: 3183: 2993:

The resolution caused outrage among some Venezuelans which resulted in protests against Resolution 8610, especially after the death of 14-year-old

9763: 9246: 8588: 8265: 5208: 4989: 1391: 13319: 12672: 10135: 8792: 7682: 7114: 4199:[Social conflict in Venezuela in March 2014] (in Spanish). Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social. 9 April 2014. Archived from 816: 11730: 10380: 4929: 3609:

Students gathered on hunger strike outside the UN headquarters in Caracas, waiting for a UN statement against the government of President Maduro

13766: 11192: 10011: 7738: 4903: 4325: 4143: 3973: 3636: 3413:

that he would "go all in" and that citizens "would be surprised". Internet access was reported to be available again one day and a half later.

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for up to about half a million citizens from an alleged blockage of service by the government. This happened after President Maduro threatened

1339:

On 27 September 2018, the United States government declared new sanctions on individuals in Venezuelan government. They included Maduro's wife

995: 895: 11592: 10481: 8139: 6112: 4731: 1533:, Lopez "orchestrated the public protests against Chávez and he played a central role in the citizen's arrest of Chavez's interior minister", 1188:

resulting in the under-funding of basic government services. While protests first occurred in January, after the murder of actress and former

13781: 13617: 13380: 13230: 13172: 12657: 6694: 6190: 6034: 4114: 2952: 2591: 954: 12242: 12185: 6534: 1293:

for causing high inflation rates and goods scarcities as part of an "economic war" being waged on his government. Although Maduro, a former

13982: 11247: 7824: 7704: 1789: 1719:

troubles on an alleged "economic war" being waged against his government; specifically, he has placed blame on capitalism and speculation.

915: 13682: 11544: 9959: 3989: 3911: 885: 13692: 13314: 10429: 8818: 8615: 8205: 7064: 6586: 6085: 5241: 5132: 4408: 3273:. The National Institute of Journalists (CNP) stated that 262 attacks on the press occurred between February and June 2014. According to 1227:

government was attempted and ultimately failed in January 2017. Concentration on protests subsided in the first months of 2017 until the

14923: 12207: 11063: 10199: 7935: 7364: 5514: 5080: 14722: 14660: 13518: 12767: 12567: 12464: 12326: 12010: 11643: 9839:

Herrero, Ana Vanessa and Nicholas Casey (22 February 2019). "Venezuela's Ex-Spy Chief Breaks With Maduro: 'You Have Killed Hundreds'".

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shared images that were censored by the news agency showing National Guard troops and colectivos working together during the protests.

318: 14324: 12449: 9577: 8668: 8562: 5352: 1872:, which it had framed as a 'plebiscite' on Maduro's presidency, ignited an internal debate over strategy. Moderate opposition leaders 1405: 1348: 13956: 13566: 13324: 12119: 11489: 9985: 9603: 9473: 9283: 7768: 6638: 3766: 3599: 3595: 3506: 2561: 1156: 910: 875: 12459: 10564:"Parlamento Europeo pide liberación inmediata de López, Ledezma, Ceballos y manifestantes pacíficos detenidos por régimen de Maduro" 2866:

During the last few weeks of March, the government began making more accusations and arresting opposition leaders. Opposition mayor

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of 29 counts of murder due to the deaths resulting from the protests. María Corina Machado was briefly detained when she arrived at

2687: 1530: 13846: 13735: 13659: 13612: 13571: 13528: 13485: 12713: 4810:"Latin American Herald Tribune - After Venezuela Government Fails to Honor Commitments, Vatican Pulls Out of Dialogue It Sponsored" 4706:"A total of 42 people, both supporters and opponents of the government, have died in the protest-related violence which followed." 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 1082: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 13751: 11886: 10037: 7907: 7881: 7596: 6832: 5977: 2944:

assisting the Venezuelan government with protests saying that the only Cubans in Venezuela were helping with medicine and sports.

1757:

attributed the escalating violence to "high levels of corruption, a lack of investment in the police force and weak gun control."

1215: 14690: 13344: 13202: 12701: 12525: 12272: 10761: 9707: 7993:"Venezuelan govt repressing demonstrations with new green gas that makes people vomit. How much longer until they use nerve gas?" 5076: 4303: 1529:, a leading figure in the opposition to the government, began leading protests shortly thereafter. During events surrounding the 1232: 10620: 9144: 5462: 3358:

who denied attacks on journalists by saying, "I can assure you that the cases documented by Reporters Without Borders and other

1819:

has advised against all travel within 80 km (50 miles) of the Colombian border in the states of Zulia, Táchira, and Apure.

14695: 13909: 13644: 13538: 13395: 12913: 12723: 10252: 9278: 9166: 8979: 8710: 8440: 7488: 6719: 5436: 4435: 4353: 1969:

have acted violently against the opposition without impediment from Venezuelan government forces. Vice President of Venezuela,

1567: 1223: 1218:. On 1 September 2016, one of the largest demonstration of the protests occurred, gathered to demand a recall election against 1211: 964: 944: 11794: 10406: 9790: 9439: 7963: 6467: 5694: 4222: 14028: 13697: 13592: 13449: 13423: 13260: 12620: 12520: 12474: 11914: 11465: 10108: 8500: 6776: 6388: 5674: 4781: 2602: 2583: 1838: 1828: 1413: 1401: 1228: 974: 959: 939: 880: 11505: 11044: 10702: 9934: 9629: 9499: 8014: 5774: 4869: 3009:

was expanding on Resolution 8610 to give more detailed explanations and that the decree "should be regulated and reviewed".

2441:

Public property was a target of protester violence. Attacks have been reported by Attorney General Luisa Ortega Diaz on the

14838: 11677: 10819: 9908: 8303: 6898: 6665: 4967: 3661: 2728: 1149: 12896: 10506: 9306:"Observatorio Humanitario – Social registró 3.220 protestas en el territorio nacional durante primer semestre (DOCUMENTO)" 8844: 7282: 6314: 2815: 2506:, reported attacks on the transport system. Some transport routes were temporarily closed, as well as the Caracas subway. 14650: 13634: 13459: 13125: 12918: 12742: 12557: 12339: 10309: 9681: 8897: 6742: 5165: 3732: 3046: 2819: 2575:

MEPs condemned the arrest of protesters and began talks of possible targeted sanctions toward the Venezuelan government.

2469: 1869: 314: 10927: 10540: 10230: 9893: 9846: 7444: 6212: 5323: 4753: 2472:'s headquarters in Valencia, as did José David Cabello after an attack by "armed opposition" on the headquarters of the 2420: 14796: 14700: 13629: 13428: 13400: 13265: 12832: 12409: 5826: 3111: 2797: 2658: 2246: 1856:

On 14 April 2013, Nicolas Maduro won the presidential election with 50.6% of the vote, ahead of the 49.1% of candidate

412: 210: 12296: 9733: 7414: 7031: 6235: 5598: 4510: 4059:"INFOGRAFÍA | FOTOS, INFOGRAFÍA Y MAPA | Venezuela: 6.729 protestas y 157 fallecidos desde el 1 de abril de 2017" 2697:. They are more confident because the US government has always supported them despite their violence." In an op-ed in 1935:

accused these groups of intervening with his government. Colectivos helped assist the government during the protests.

1503:

Demonstrations against violence in Venezuela began in January 2014, and continued, when former presidential candidate

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and calling on an end to shortages of food, fuel and medicine. Rioting broke out in the next few hours. Police fired

1251:

began in early January after the National Assembly declared the May 2018 presidential elections invalid and declared

12424: 9986:"Diferida audiencia de Leopoldo López, pasará la noche en Ramo Verde: Fiscal General garantiza "todos sus derechos"" 7140: 5407: 5289: 2464:. Many government officials have used social media to announce attacks and document damage. Carabobo state governor 14953: 14868: 14043: 13992: 13806: 13349: 12842: 12537: 11407: 9529: 9001: 6164: 4378: 4274:"Venezuela latest: Clashes claim lives as Russia backs Maduro and U.S. "stands ready to support" opposition leader" 3656: 3240: 2941: 2736: 1102: 920: 14013: 11306: 9827: 8388: 5562: 5269: 3405:

In 2014, there were mixed reports of internet censorship. It was reported that Internet access was unavailable in

2712: 2670: 2548: 2285:

reported that some protesters were tortured and raped by government forces who detained them during the protests.

1639: 14748: 14707: 14632: 13305: 12994: 12928: 12903: 12684: 12154: 10668: 9334:"Observatorio de Conflictividad Social asegura que 8 de cada 10 protestas en Venezuela son por derechos sociales" 2319: 1816: 1409: 14132: 9052: 7004: 3706: 2586:, and the push to ban potential opposition presidential candidate Henrique Capriles from politics for 15 years, 1499:

Protesters sign saying, "Why do I protest? Insecurity, scarcity, injustices, repression, deceit. For my future."

118:

on the first anniversary of protests on 12 February 2015; thousands marching in Caracas on 26 October 2016; the

14958: 14670: 13884: 13730: 13364: 13207: 13197: 12886: 12647: 12479: 12404: 12378: 12369: 12364: 12319: 11708: 3651: 3646: 2853: 2207: 1800: 1370: 1256: 905: 890: 14440: 14299: 11439: 8711:"Presidente Maduro presenta vídeo donde se observa a grupos violentos preparando guarimbas - Noticias Diarias" 8644: 8518: 8206:""Funcionarios jugaban con ellos al tiro al blanco": abogado que atendió a 3 adolescentes detenidos en Mérida" 6556: 5532: 5041: 4169:"Brutal represión del régimen de Maduro ha dejado 43 asesinados y 956 detenciones arbitrarias desde el #21Ene" 3880:"Dissent in Venezuela: Maduro regime looks on borrowed time as rising public anger meets political repression" 3844: 3354:

said in a letter to President Maduro condemning the censorship by the Venezuelan government and responding to

2720: 2716: 2014: 1534: 14902: 14813: 14776: 13687: 13082: 12952: 12802: 12667: 12414: 11496:, Eleonora Delgado, Adriana Chirinos, and Cesar Lira, El Nacional, 21 February 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014. 10796: 10733: 9370:"Abuelitos sacan a empujones a los colectivos que querían acabar con protesta en las Fuerzas Armadas (Video)" 9256: 9137:"Looting Sweeps Venezuela as Hunger Takes Over 132 Incidents Tell of "Desperation and Discomfort" Sinking In" 8688: 6616: 6294: 5947: 5690: 4814: 3555: 3247:

Media coverage in Venezuela has been limited by the government; "anti-government television stations such as

2140: 1712:

ranked Venezuela at 175th of 178 in economic freedom and was classified as a "Repressed" economy in its 2014

447: 196: 12489: 11757:"En video: María Corina Machado mostraba imágenes de víctimas violentas en la AN y le cortaron el micrófono" 11329: 10068: 6419: 3140:

and many stated they felt leaders on both sides were only concerned with their own interests and ambitions.

14963: 14928: 13158: 13009: 12752: 12652: 12562: 11569: 9170: 8266:""Fuimos testigos de cómo algunos estudiantes fueron violados vía anal": abogado del Foro Penal Venezolano" 6798: 6270: 5693:

Conflict Encyclopedia, Venezuela, War and Minor Conflict, In depth, Hugo Chávez and the 1992 coup attempt,

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reliable information from the Central Bank about the economy or any statistics about crime to journalists.

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Several tear gas canisters produced by CAVIM fired in 2017. Fabrication and expiration dates are not shown.

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shook the hand of President Maduro; this "gesture... cost him support and helped propel" opposition leader

13801: 10363: 14938: 14933: 14761: 14415: 14274: 14162: 13771: 13712: 13602: 13300: 13270: 12778: 12689: 11971: 4819: 3518: 3406: 1674: 1512: 1466:, buying the loyalty of the military, officials involved in drug trade, assisting terrorists such as the 1204: 1077: 806: 801: 177: 14680: 14157: 14122: 10364:"Human rights violations in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela:a downward spiral with no end in sight" 5894: 5842: 3681: 3563: 472: 62: 14137: 13987: 13879: 13607: 13285: 12908: 12359: 10334: 8273: 8236:"Denuncian que GNB y agentes cubanos habrían jugado tiro al blanco con adolescentes detenidos (+Video)" 7466: 6289: 6265: 6056: 5869: 4474: 2936: 2675: 1873: 1857: 1590: 1107: 969: 949: 779: 294: 14475: 9656:"Maduro: Yo invoco a Obama, a su espíritu afroamericano, para que de la orden de respetar a Venezuela" 6138: 3943: 2344: 534: 14848: 14712: 14575: 14364: 14050: 13791: 13756: 13329: 13092: 13014: 12969: 12747: 12637: 12603: 12399: 12384: 12312: 8471:"Estudiantes venezolanos detenidos habrían sufrido torturas, según abogada del Foro Penal Venezolano" 5921: 5643:"UN rights experts report a rise of efforts in Venezuela to curtail democracy ahead of 2024 election" 3436:

had the camera taken off of her while she was presenting those who were killed and while criticizing

3377: 3351: 2195: 1861: 1714: 1356: 789: 784: 774: 287: 282: 254: 14294: 14142: 10485: 10083:"Presos políticos en Venezuela: el hermano de Chávez amenaza con arrestar a dos alcaldes opositores" 8685:"Guarimbas con miguelitos y chinas: el idioma de las protestas venezolanas- América Latina- Reuters" 8161: 7515:"Maduro no aceptará grupos violentos y armados en el chavismo y advierte que podrian ir a la carcel" 5999: 2982: 2654: 2476:(SENIAT). The wife of the Táchira's governor, Karla Jimenez de Vielma, said the headquarters of the 2310: 1508: 14510: 14410: 14167: 14038: 14023: 13997: 13899: 13841: 13654: 13639: 13480: 12989: 12984: 12876: 12608: 12394: 11355: 10433: 6116: 5484: 4934: 3969: 2629: 2587: 2126:

made statements that this gas caused protesters to vomit. Some reported that the chemical used was

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began in earnest that February following the attempted rape of a student on a university campus in

1196: 1087: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 485: 14570: 14259: 13821: 13816: 3186:, said disruption caused by protesters had allowed Maduro to use the "greedy economic class" as a 1662:, Venezuela had the second highest inflation rate (56.20%) in the world for 2013, only behind the 14948: 14943: 14550: 14239: 13894: 13492: 13250: 13057: 12593: 10898:"LVL: 63% de la población rechaza como se están dando las protestas. No conducirán a ningún lado" 9053:"Cámaras del Metrobús Guarenas – Guatire registran agresión de fascistas | la Radio del Sur" 4010:"Con multitudinarias marchas, oposición venezolana presionó a Maduro para que reactive referendo" 3337: 3068: 2867: 1940: 1888:, opposed dialogue and called for a new strategy to force an immediate change in the government. 1709: 1546: 1352: 1327: 1112: 826: 516: 275: 223: 14450: 13444: 9606:[Maduro: the US agencies have given the green light to the overthrow of my government]. 9398:"Enfermos de Parkinson exigen al Gobierno distribución urgente de medicamentos (Fotos y Videos)" 7992: 3501: 3433: 3026: 2818:

for ten years during Hugo Chávez's presidency, who served as a National Assembly deputy for the

2782: 2739:, including $ 5 million earmarked for overt support of opposition political groups in 2014. The 2484: 1885: 404: 14717: 14515: 14106: 13836: 13561: 13334: 13087: 13019: 12999: 12979: 12938: 12923: 12679: 12642: 12503: 10958: 10459: 5213: 2994: 2568: 2335: 2123: 1928: 1634: 1244: 821: 13826: 13702: 9580:[Venezuela accuses Panama of interference and calls its ambassador for consultation]. 8213: 14873: 14732: 14565: 14334: 13597: 13289: 13240: 13072: 13052: 12581: 12484: 10279:"Desmiente que haya "Avispas Negras" en Táchira: los únicos cubanos que hay están en los CDI" 8950:"Venezuelan Opposition Mayor Jailed and Another Arrested as More Die in Violent Disturbances" 8083: 8047:"Bombas lacrimógenas que usa el gobierno están vencidas y emanan cianuro (+ recomendaciones)" 4249: 3480: 3057: 2927: 2210:". During the protests, there were hundreds of reported cases of torture. In a report titled 1918: 1902: 1613: 1463: 1417: 1387: 1332: 1299: 794: 745: 336: 119: 13587: 13275: 12881: 12038:"General (r) Ángel Vivas aclara foto de armamento presentada por Diosdado Cabello (+ Fotos)" 8268:["We witnessed some students were anally violated": Venezuelan legal forum lawyer]. 3547: 3320:

also said that, "Documenting the protests has been a challenge for members of the media and

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In March 2014, the Venezuelan government suggested that the protesters wanted to repeat the

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had been attacked by "hooligans" and posted photographs of the damage on her Facebook page.

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http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=167&regionSelect=5-Southern_Americas#

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and found that the Ukrainian topics were nearly doubled compared to the Venezuelan topics.

2887: 2553: 2249: 2102: 1804: 1752: 1626: 1440: 1365: 1185: 1097: 322: 307: 73: 14895: 14430: 14284: 12123: 11618:"Vuelve internet a San Cristóbal donde manifestaciones y disturbios no cesan - El Informe" 9425: 8448: 8019: 7086: 6976: 6951: 5485:"Venezuela: UN rights chief calls for immediate release of opposition leader, politicians" 4014: 3437: 3244:

accused the government of assault, abuse, harassment, threats and robberies of reporters.

2451: 1443:, enacted a series of social reforms aimed at improving quality of life. According to the 550: 506: 8: 14801: 13972: 13951: 13889: 13235: 13181: 13042: 13004: 12974: 12827: 12662: 12630: 12615: 12469: 11277: 9658:[Maduro: I call Obama, his Afro American spirit, to order respect to Venezuela]. 9223: 8868:"Primera dama denunció ataque a la sede de la Fundación de la Familia Tachirense (Fotos)" 7167:"Maduro se reunió con gobernadores y alcaldes opositores: "Hagamos un proyecto en común"" 5743: 4846: 3002: 2758:

During a news conference on 21 February, Maduro once again accused the United States and

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In 2014, a series of protests, political demonstrations, and civil insurrection began in

1122: 721: 30: 9193: 6344: 5563:"Trump: Venezuelan Socialist President Easily Toppled | Voice of America - English" 5014: 4707: 4681: 4086: 3814: 3235:

Protester holding a sign criticizing what the Venezuelan state media tells its citizens.

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are also used as a protection against armed groups, and not only as a form of protest.

14858: 14600: 14545: 14339: 14314: 14229: 14199: 13977: 13935: 13786: 13776: 13649: 13354: 13134: 13077: 13067: 13047: 13024: 12964: 12552: 12547: 11115:"Sntp: 181 agresiones, robos y detenciones contra periodistas en dos meses de protesta" 10510: 9798: 9741: 7885: 7541:"Colectivos de paz accionan armas de fuego en la Rómulo Gallegos ante mirada de la GNB" 6695:"There have already been almost 3,000 murders in Venezuela since the start of the year" 5137: 4899: 4505: 3919: 3448:

One threat a journalist faced was a note placed on her car by someone belonging to the

3363: 3198: 3122: 2921: 2859: 2694: 2465: 2457: 2356: 2313:, who was jailed on suspicious attempt of assassination of President Maduro, committed 2272:

reported from a lawyer that National Guardsmen and individuals with "Cuban accents" in

2220: 2215: 2010: 1936: 1744: 1311: 1303: 1117: 900: 831: 111: 80: 14585: 14560: 14319: 14269: 14224: 14085: 9604:"Maduro: Las agencias de EEUU han dado luz verde para el derrocamiento de mi Gobierno" 8591:[Maduro evaluates intervene in the Lara police for protecting "guarimberos"]. 7882:"En Oriente.com --- CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA Articulo 68" 3355: 2895:

president, to free the political prisoners” and said that the government conducted a "

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Some protests have included incidents of arson, vandalism and other cases of violence.

1958: 1845: 14530: 14520: 14455: 14214: 13097: 12094:"Descubre de dónde Diosdado sacó la foto de armas que dice que son del general Vivas" 10590:"Padrino López dice que el texto de la Resolución 008610 es hermosísimo y respetuoso" 6876: 5822: 4454: 3583: 3051: 2786: 2771: 2633: 2199: 1760: 1504: 1315: 439: 424: 14495: 14194: 13725: 11945: 7707:[The photogram Ameliach does not want you to see: Génesis Carmona injured]. 3788: 3297:, the Venezuelan protests in 2014 were overlooked by the United States media by the 2191: 1923:

attacked protesters and opposition TV staff, sent death threats to journalists, and

1907: 1881: 1849: 1564: 1526: 1478: 1219: 1200: 524: 379: 14209: 14204: 13677: 13139: 12419: 11843:"Senal Del Canal Ntn24 Fue Sacada De La Parrilla De Cable – Arte Y Entretenimiento" 10766: 8411:"En video: Foro Penal denuncia en CNN torturas con descargas eléctricas en Táchira" 6396: 4939: 4842:"Venezuela accused of 'self-coup' after Supreme Court shuts down National Assembly" 3628: 3579: 3559: 3282: 3136: 2891: 2872: 2778: 2540: 2119: 2018: 1663: 1436: 1359:

abuses in Venezuela. 11 Latin American countries proposed the resolution including

1282: 1139: 1092: 529: 489: 14605: 14465: 7253:"Las tres razones de María Corina Machado para no asistir a la reunión con Maduro" 3575: 3022: 2908:

since President Maduro timed it for the meeting and was not able to give details.

14535: 14505: 14500: 14490: 14147: 14090: 14077: 13874: 13796: 13523: 13513: 13339: 11996: 11551: 11512: 8672: 8024: 7223:"En fotos y video: Henrique Capriles acudió a Miraflores a la reunión con Maduro" 6301: 6277: 5701: 3342: 3073: 2986: 2976: 2461: 2343:, and Jonathan Rodríquez a bodyguard of the Minister of the Interior and Justice 2278: 2134: 1982: 1585:. Corruption is difficult to measure reliably, but one well-known measure is the 1571: 1344: 870: 729: 454: 397: 384: 44: 14460: 14374: 12439: 11817:"Revelan más imágenes de paramilitares y GNB juntos (la censura de Globovisión)" 8015:"TV Chavista inventa apoyo a Maduro :: La Razón :: 9 de abril de 2017" 7365:"Venezuela Motorcylce Gang Videos Show Terror And Violence In Support Of Maduro" 6921:"Venezuelan president, accused of electoral fraud at home, finds backing abroad" 2492: 2367: 2148: 1877: 1776: 1597:, in 2012, it was one of the 10 most corrupt countries on the index, tying with 1551: 1192: 14786: 14555: 14540: 14525: 14485: 14384: 14254: 14249: 13385: 13359: 13062: 12807: 12454: 12429: 9458: 4786: 4758: 3179: 3030: 2876: 2777:

During a press conference on 18 March 2014, President of the National Assembly

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Venezuela was headed by a series of right-wing governments for years. In 1992,

1323: 1307: 1278: 1274: 1264: 1189: 841: 467: 419: 14405: 14349: 11593:"Not Satisfied With Blocking Twitter And TV, Venezuela Shuts Off The Internet" 11406:

Zamost, Scott; Griffin, Drew; Guerrero, Kay; Romo, Rafael (14 February 2017).

10281:["Black hornets" in Táchira denied: the only Cubans are in the CDIs]. 9356:"Venezuela: More sectors join protests as opposition considers general strike" 8441:"Foro Penal denuncia torturas con descargas eléctricas a mujeres en los senos" 5166:"President says Venezuela won't be next to fall, but he may not have a choice" 3567: 3487:'s satellite signal was censored after showing live coverage of the protests. 3456: 2831: 2474:

National Integrated Service for the Administration of Customs Duties and Taxes

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United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

1428: 1397: 1252: 1222:. Following the suspension of the recall referendum by the government-leaning 389: 14917: 14843: 14771: 14727: 14379: 14359: 14354: 14329: 14152: 13418: 13245: 12787: 12434: 12374: 9764:"Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro accuses three generals of plotting coup" 8112: 8108:"Expertos explican el humo rojo y cómo defenderse de las bombas lacrimógenas" 6854: 4540: 3484: 3162: 2811: 2740: 2598: 2412: 2252:

and relatives of those killed during protests discuss the crisis in Venezuela

1970: 1833: 1259:. The majority of protests have been peaceful, consisting of demonstrations, 545: 432: 188: 14244: 11215:"Reportan 460 ataques a la libertad de expresión en Carabobo, en tres meses" 9578:"Venezuela acusa a Panamá de injerencia y llama a consultas a su embajadora" 8537:"Bancada del PSUV en la AN niega debate sobre las torturas y tratos crueles" 7733:[Ameliach adverts Cabello will order "fulminating counter attack"]. 4245:"Capriles afirmó que protestas han dejado más de 50 muertos y 13000 heridos" 1722: 540: 55: 14818: 14766: 14590: 14425: 14234: 13930: 13831: 13717: 13390: 12792: 11545:"Denuncian que en el Táchira no hay agua, internet, ni servicio telefónico" 11519:, Eleonora Delgado, El Nacional, 21 February 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014. 10875: 10847: 6527:"87% de los venezolanos cree que el Gobierno debe rectificar sus políticas" 6505:"Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom" 5647: 5173: 4354:"Venezuelan attorney general orders Guaidó investigation as crisis deepens" 3175: 3142: 2880: 2848: 2843: 2767: 2744: 2703: 2144:

Image of a tear gas canister that expired in 2002, used during the protests

2031: 1670: 1340: 1319: 372: 184: 14595: 13761: 12300:– 400-page report detailing violence and torture by Venezuelan authorities 11976: 10955:"Venezolanos no ven las protestas como un mecanismo frente al descontento" 10136:"Generales Machillanda, Hernández y Millán involucrados en supuesto golpe" 9859:"Carvajal: Maduro paga por 'manifestaciones espontáneas' en el extranjero" 9791:"Trump Administration Discussed Coup Plans With Rebel Venezuelan Officers" 6366: 3554:

Usage of false media also applies to the government when President of the

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Some demonstrations have been controlled with tear gas and water cannons.

14480: 14470: 14344: 13869: 12389: 11731:"Zello se actualizó para ayudar a los venezolanos (Entrevista Exclusiva)" 11240:"Abogados denuncian que el Sebin realiza seguimientos para amedrentarlos" 10695:"Venezuela: These Are Middle Class Protests, And The Poor Aren't Joining" 9861:[Carvajal: Maduro pays for 'spontaneous demonstrations' abroad]. 8589:"Maduro evalúa intervenir policía de Lara porque protege a "guarimberos"" 7731:"Ameliach advierte que Cabello dará orden para "contraataque fulminante"" 5580: 4601:"What the Heck Is Going on in Venezuela? (Could the Maduro Regime Fall?)" 4535: 3571: 3305:

searches of the topics in Venezuela and Ukraine within news stories from

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for help with negotiations. On 22 February during a public speech at the

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will be able to prove it. President Maduro asked United States president

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Into 2018, protests increased in numbers following the announcement of a

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In some attacks, institutions have suffered severe damage. In anger over

2404: 1974: 1294: 1290: 14389: 12011:"Why the Media Are Giving a Free Pass to Venezuela's Neo-Fascist Creeps" 11013:"La APEX demanda al Gobierno a que se respete a periodistas extranjeros" 10456:"Estudiantes de Barinas protestaron en contra del asesinato de liceísta" 10255:[I had never seen something the like, it was a different evil]. 10162:"Venezuela's Latest Military Defector Puts the Focus on Civilian Deaths" 9708:"Con la bandera nacional sale María Corina Machado de Maiquetía (Fotos)" 9005: 8921:"Maduro revela que hay un detenido por ataques a ministerio de Vivienda" 8815:"Ameliach denuncia que ataque a sede de Psuv deja un herido en Carabobo" 8616:"Venezuela protests are sign that US wants our oil, says Nicolás Maduro" 6504: 6086:"Venezuela's black market rate for US dollars just jumped by almost 40%" 5242:"Venezuela protests are sign that US wants our oil, says Nicolás Maduro" 3493:

of Colombia was also censored in the country during the day's protests.

1681:, led to one of the highest inflation rates in the world with "sporadic 14309: 12015: 11891: 11305:. Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. Archived from 11274:"Amid the coverage of Ukraine, is a crisis in Venezuela being ignored?" 10593: 10536: 10038:"Venezuela opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez surrenders, urges protests" 9843:(Late Edition (East Coast) ed.). p. A.6 – via ProQuest. 9838: 9402: 9374: 9310: 9140: 9056: 8666:

Hallan “miguelitos” y clavos en barricadas de Ciudad Ojeda: FOTOS+VIDEO

8051: 7968: 7940: 7912: 7764: 7392:"Venezuela Election is a High Stakes Affair for Local Vigilante Groups" 5821:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 423, 424. 4330: 4173: 4144:"Several dead in operation to arrest rogue Venezuela pilot Óscar Pérez" 4119: 3993: 3542: 3510: 3302: 3298: 3231: 3094:

politically unaffiliated Venezuelans and members of the lower classes.

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David Vallenilla being shot dead by Venezuelan authorities in June 2017

1808: 1495: 1459: 1444: 1286: 13150: 12235:"Estudiantes opositores aseguraron que en Margarita no habrá carnaval" 6720:"Beauty queen Monica Spear's killers nabbed, Venezuela says - CNN.com" 6579:"Encuesta Datos: 72% cree que las cosas van mal en el país (+Estudio)" 6027:"Venezuela ocupa último lugar de naciones latinoamericanas analizadas" 5843:"Treasury Targets Venezuelan Government Officials Supporting the FARC" 5581:"Venezuela | Country Page | World | Human Rights Watch" 3410: 3368: 2796:

allegations made by the government were called by David Smilde of the

1815:, or sale to terrorist organizations and murder. The United Kingdom's 1516: 14781: 13904: 13475: 12797: 12335: 12304: 12064:"Ángel Vivas: Se debe rescatar la república democrática de Venezuela" 11670:"Empresa de telecomunicaciones de Venezuela niega bloqueo de Twitter" 10820:"Venezuela's poor join protests as turmoil grips Chávez's revolution" 9630:"8 dead as Venezuela turmoil continues, leader asks for Obama's help" 8330: 5617:"En Venezuela se han dado cerca de 50.000 protestas en la era Maduro" 4627:"These countries have the fastest-shrinking populations in the world" 4326:"Foro Penal: Van 4848 arrestos durante la represión de las protestas" 3641: 3187: 3135:

acting as community enforcers and distrust of opposition leaders. An

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of trying to overthrow his government through media and claimed that

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has denied all involvement in the Venezuelan protests with President

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Thousands of opposition protesters outside of Palacio de Justicia in

1911:

Masked Venezuelan motorcyclists are often associated with colectivos.

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By 2016, protests occurred following the controversy surrounding the

1181: 1177: 865: 192: 12208:"Izarra de "verdad" vuelve a tuitear otra foto de mentira del ferry" 11554:("They claim that in Tachira no water, internet, or phone service") 11193:"Suman 205 agresiones contra trabajadores de la prensa en dos meses" 10482:"Se eleva la tensión en Venezuela por asesinato de joven de 14 años" 10012:"Human Rights Watch exile a Maduro la immediate liberación de López" 8733:"Crude Weapons Help Fuel Unrest in Bastion of Venezuelan Opposition" 4732:"En 2014 se registraron 9.286 protestas, cifra inédita en Venezuela" 1807:

have warned foreign visitors that they may be subjected to robbery,

14753: 13255: 12444: 11990:"La oposición venezolana busca crear confusión con imágenes falsas" 11492:("Táchira without Internet militarized after 16 days of protests") 11490:"Táchira militarizada y sin Internet luego de 16 días de protestas" 11436:"RIGHT TO INFORMATION MORE ENDANGERED THAN EVER IN NATIONAL CRISIS" 10843:"Venezuela protests: demonstrators tell us why they're taking part" 10762:"The Venezuelan Protests Are Playing Right Into the Regime's Hands" 7091: 6981: 5970:"Venezuela's Drug-Running Generals May Be Who Finally Ousts Maduro" 4754:"Nationwide protests against Maduro in Venezuela – DW – 10/26/2016" 4278: 4091: 4063: 3528: 3394: 2956: 2637: 2176: 2172: 2127: 2050: 2006: 1924: 1785: 1269: 11701:"Venezuela Cuts Off Internet, Blocks Communication For Protestors" 10223:"Oficiales retirados cuestionan arrestos de generales venezolanos" 7057:"Maduro Blames Venezuela's Post-Election Violence on U.S. Backing" 5870:"Corrupt military officials helping Venezuela drug trade flourish" 4115:"Ola de saqueos estremece a Venezuela, van 107 casos en once días" 3546:, Venezuelan writer and member of the Venezuelan Council of State 2590:

to their most "combative" since they began in 2014. Following the

14863: 14675: 11570:"Venezuela's Internet Crackdown Escalates into Regional Blackout" 10669:"Estudiantes marcharon hasta la embajada de Cuba (Fotos y Video)" 9454:"Riots Erupt in Venezuela's Countryside Over Food, Fuel Scarcity" 9251: 8079:"Amnistía Internacional instó a aclarar componentes del gas rojo" 7936:"Misterioso "Gas Verde" es utilizado en Altamira (Fotos y Video)" 7870:

s:Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela/Title 3#25

7705:"La foto que Ameliach no quiere que veas: Génesis Carmona herida" 7197:"Maduro inicia reunión con gobernadores y alcaldes en Miraflores" 4035: 3948: 3417: 3386: 3373: 3178:, a political science professor at the University of the East in 2594:

in August 2017, protests subsided for the remainder of the year.

2429: 2314: 2168: 2131: 2082: 1702: 1654:, Venezuela was ranked as the top spot globally with the highest 1598: 1448: 1351:

and Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino. On 27 September 2018, the

1260: 107: 11330:"Fears grow of Venezuela media crackdown after protest killings" 8296:"Torturan a estudiantes en Venezuela para vincularlos con Miami" 4479:

Truthdig: Expert Reporting, Current News, Provocative Columnists

3990:"Extraoficial: Tres fallecidos habrían dejado saqueos en Cumaná" 3759:"Venezuela: Tens of thousands march in anti-government protests" 2214:

following a March investigation of conduct during the protests,

13454: 7791:"Video - Uniformados y civiles dispararon en Candelaria el 12F" 7677:[Ameliach forbids marches in Valencia neighbourhoods]. 6315:"Factbox: Transparency International's global corruption index" 2998: 2905: 2856:

in Caracas where his hearing was postponed until the next day.

2751: 2473: 2164: 2115: 2106:

Multiple tear gas canisters on display following a 2014 protest

1812: 1474: 1360: 860: 12265:"Muchacho: "Pegaron frases" en el video presentado por Maduro" 10507:"Venezuelan Protest Deadly Force Order After Young Boy Killed" 10430:"Venezuelan Protest Deadly Force Order After Young Boy Killed" 9211: 8759:"Fiscal General denunció ataque a sede del Ministerio Público" 8501:"Venezuelan opposition denies jailed politician took own life" 7850:"Afirman que policía manipuló pruebas para no ser incriminada" 7649:"Varela: Colectivos son el pilar para la defensa de la patria" 7415:"Venezuela violence puts focus on militant 'colectivo' groups" 5459:"ONU pide al gobierno liberación inmediata de Daniel Ceballos" 5209:"Venezuela Protests Drive Poor to Maduro as Death Toll Mounts" 4032:"Troops, vigilantes patrol after Venezuela unrest, three dead" 3845:"Venezuelan teen dies after being shot at anti-Maduro protest" 14791: 12891: 12837: 11531:("Venezuela: Táchira remained militarized without internet") 11167:"Sntp reportó 205 agresiones a 152 trabajadores de la prensa" 10192:"Frente Institucional Militar rechaza detención de oficiales" 9028:"Jesse Chacón denunció la quema de 22 vehículos de Corpoelec" 8785:"Alcalde Muchacho denuncia "ataques" contra bancos en Chacao" 6442:"COUNTRY COMPARISON :: INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES)" 6236:"Venezuela protest leader says seeks Maduro's exit, not coup" 6165:"Venezuelans on streets again as protest leader awaits trial" 5717: 4782:"Venezuela's opposition walks away from Vatican-backed talks" 3514: 3468: 3421: 3390: 3278: 2732: 2340: 2309:

On 8 October 2018 the government of Venezuela announced that

2268: 2224: 2087: 1666: 1606: 1594: 200: 11299:"Ongoing Human Rights Violations Mark Protests in Venezuela" 4930:"Venezuela's Maduro blasts foe for chemical attack comments" 4379:"Venezuela's Maduro says 2013 annual inflation was 56.2 pct" 3966:"Venezuela Investigating Death of Protester as Unrest Rises" 3815:"Vargas Llosa to visit Venezuela to back anti-Maduro groups" 1537:, though he later tried to distance himself from the event. 1451:

from about 49% in 1998 to about 25%. From 1999 to 2012, the

1423: 1277:'s government characterized the protests as an undemocratic 142:(10 years, 7 months, 2 weeks and 4 days) 14637: 9552:"White House: US not backing Venezuela opposition protests" 8140:"Lanzan bombas lacrimógenas desde helicópteros en Chacaíto" 7908:"¿Comienzan a lanzar gas lacrimógeno cocarcinógeno? (FOTO)" 7087:"Venezuela audit confirms Nicolas Maduro electoral victory" 4990:"Universitarios del Táchira levantaron la huelga de hambre" 3566:

program showing an alleged "gun collection" at the home of

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Venezuelans protest Nicolás Maduro's government in May 2017

1602: 1467: 9426:"Venezuela crisis: Anger over shortages triggers protests" 9167:"Thousands March Against Socialist President in Venezuela" 9002:"Violentos incendiaron gandola con alimentos en Maracaibo" 4656:"Did attempted rape ignite Venezuela's national protests?" 4304:"Reporte sobre la represióndel Estado Venezolano Año 2016" 2727:'s revelations, U.S. state department documents, and 2006 2137:

that can cause respiratory distress, nausea and vomiting.

2122:, director of the Center for International Development at 1852:

assuming office as President of Venezuela on 19 April 2013

1458:

While Chávez was in office, his government was accused of

11887:"Comunicado del Grupo Clarín: TN, censurado en Venezuela" 11529:"Venezuela: Táchira se quedó militarizada y sin internet" 11412: 11405: 10980:"IAPA protests official censorship of press in Venezuela" 10533:"Canadá está preocupada por resolución 8610 en Venezuela" 9909:"Venezuelan opposition leader says he'll turn himself in" 9818: 9197: 8841:"Denuncian ataques a sedes del Seniat en Caracas y Zulia" 6057:"Venezuela violates human rights, OAS commission reports" 5767:"5 Ways Hugo Chavez Has Destroyed the Venezuelan Economy" 5290:"Decree powers widen Venezuelan president's economic war" 4711: 4708:"Venezuela: Leopoldo Lopez must stand trial, judge rules" 4409:"Venezuela Inflation Hits 16-Year High as Shortages Rise" 4215:"Venezuela: Paramilitares atacaron 1 de cada 3 protestas" 3359: 3321: 2838:

belonging to the Bolivarian National Guard on the street.

2690:. President Maduro also calls the opposition "fascists". 1659: 11466:"El régimen venezolano estrecha el cerco sobre internet" 11141:"SNTP registra más de 120 agresiones contra periodistas" 10335:"Venezuela demands Colombia return 3 military deserters" 8184:"Estudiantes piden a la ONU una misión de investigación" 7761:"Geraldine Moreno: Venezuelan Soldiers Mangled Her Face" 7339:"Pro-Government Motorcycle Militias Terrorize Venezuela" 6952:"Venezuela to audit votes without opposition conditions" 3682:"Why The United States Has Done Nothing About Venezuela" 2981:

On 27 January 2015, the Venezuelan Minister of Defense,

1330:

and violence by pro-government militant groups known as

14019:

Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions

11940: 11938: 11936: 11558:, Informe21, 20 February 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014. 9935:"Venezuelan security forces raid major opposition base" 9682:"Cabello: Machado va a ser juzgada por asesina (Video)" 7964:"Ya reprimieron con gas rojo, ¿ahora con verde? (FOTO)" 6213:"Venezuelans Saw Political Instability Before Protests" 5533:"Venezuela arrests one opposition mayor, jails another" 5433:"ONU insta a la inmediata liberación de Leopoldo López" 5042:"Chilean is first foreign fatality in Venezuela unrest" 4682:"San Cristobal: The birthplace of Venezuela's protests" 4141: 3476:(AFP) for manipulating information about the protests. 3372:, National Telecommunications Commission of Venezuela ( 1645:

I protest due to the scarcity. Where can we get these?'

1247:

involved from 2.5 million to 6 million protesters. The

110:

on 12 February 2014; protesters perched on a statue of

11356:"Maduro threatens to expel CNN for Venezuela coverage" 9789:

Londoño, Ernesto; Casey, Nicholas (8 September 2018).

8350: 5353:"Amnesty Reports Dozens of Venezuela Torture Accounts" 11787:"Le dan ultimátum a periodista por opinar en Twitter" 11089:"Este martes será instalada la Comisión de la Verdad" 10818:

López, Virginia; Watts, Jonathan (20 February 2014).

10253:"Nunca había visto algo así, era una maldad distinta" 9194:"As it happened: Thursday in the European Parliament" 9105:"Conflictividad social en Venezuela en enero de 2015" 7675:"Ameliach prohíbe marchas en los barrios de Valencia" 7445:"Venezuela: Violence Against Protesters, Journalists" 7032:"Opposition calls for election protests in Venezuela" 6977:"Nicolas Maduro sworn in as new Venezuelan president" 5673:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGuillermoprieto2005 (

5009: 5007: 4197:"Conflictividad social en Venezuela en marzo de 2014" 3513:

and other information of Venezuelan Twitter users to

3318:

Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights

2920:

Tear gas being used against opposition protesters in

2750:

President Maduro also claimed that the government of

584:

Hundreds of thousands of pro-government demonstrators

11933: 10065:"Mayor sentenced to ten and a half months (Reuters)" 9279:"Conflictividad Social en Venezuela en Octubre 2016" 7141:"Las divisiones dentro de la oposición en Venezuela" 6799:"Venezuela's violent crime fuels the death business" 5663: 3618: 2847:

illegally forced their way into the headquarters of

2186: 1837:

Multiple signs of Nicolás Maduro remaining from the

1772:

Following the January killing of actress and former

1285:" opposition leaders and the United States, blaming 1180:

due to the country's high levels of urban violence,

11644:"Twitter confirma bloqueo de imágenes en Venezuela" 11535:, Terra, 20 February 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014. 11459: 11457: 11064:"Maduro trata a la prensa aún peor que Hugo Chávez" 9960:"Leopoldo López se entrega a funcionarios de la GN" 9514: 9440:"Venezuela protest: Opposition clashes with police" 9247:"Small protests proliferate in simmering Venezuela" 8228: 8055:(in European Spanish). 8 April 2017. Archived from 7874: 6831:. United States Department of State. Archived from 6191:"5 Things To Know About Venezuela's Protest Leader" 5922:"In Venezuela, an American Has the President's Ear" 4475:"How Biased Western Reportage Has Harmed Venezuela" 4030:Ramirez, Maria; Polanco, Anggy (19 December 2016). 3424:are censored by the Venezuelan government as well. 3366:were not imagined." According to Spanish newspaper 2931:

Protesters responding to tear gas on 12 March 2014.

2886:On 25 March, President Maduro announced that three 11515:("Táchira dawns without Internet for second day") 11038: 11036: 11034: 10986:. Inter American Press Association. Archived from 10403:"Autorizan uso de armas mortales contra protestas" 10111:[Carlos Vecchio capture order confirmed]. 10109:"Confirman orden de captura contra Carlos Vecchio" 9700: 9522:"Obama Condemns Violence in Ukraine And Venezuela" 7406: 7390:Markovits, Martin; Rueda, Manuel (27 March 2013). 7357: 6899:"Chavez heir Maduro takes narrow win in Venezuela" 5599:"Venezuela: Landmark UN Rights Council Resolution" 5316:"Maduro pedirá a la AN una "comisión de la verdad" 5284: 5282: 5004: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 3944:"Two Venezuelan police officers killed in protest" 3878: 2723:. President Maduro also highlighted whistleblower 2416:A barricade built by protesters blocking a street. 2325: 1726:Shoppers waiting in line at a supermarket in 2014. 10871:"Venezuela protests: the other side of the story" 7567:"Armed pro-govt militias roil Venezuela protests" 6639:"Seven Things To Know About the Venezuela Crisis" 6609:"Doctors say Venezuela's health care in collapse" 5159: 5157: 5155: 4968:"Protestas aumentan 278% en primer semestre 2014" 4603:. Business week. 18 February 2014. Archived from 4298: 4296: 3942:Polanco, Anggy; Ramirez, Carlos (29 March 2016). 2707:, President Maduro pointed to the United States' 2247:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 96:Images from top to bottom and from left to right: 14915: 11454: 10793:"Venezuelan student protesters seek to woo poor" 10726:"Venezuelan student protesters seek to woo poor" 10617:"Redactan manual para normar la resolución 8610" 9883: 9112:Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social 7459: 6021: 6019: 4649: 4647: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4530: 4528: 3397:and possible regulation of YouTube and Twitter. 3279:Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN) 3005:demanded the repeal of the resolution entirely. 1643:An opposition protester holding a sign saying, " 1631:Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro government 11915:"La policía política pone en aprietos a Maduro" 11809: 11031: 11007: 11005: 10056: 9502:. Alliance for Global Justice. 18 February 2014 9500:"Statement on Right-Wing Violence in Venezuela" 8563:"Foreign journal provides identity of shooters" 8519:"Opposition Venezuelan politician dies in jail" 7825:"In Venezuela, Protesters Point to Their Scars" 7507: 6743:"Venezuela, More Deadly Than Iraq, Wonders Why" 6688: 6686: 6666:"Beauty queen's killers nabbed, Venezuela says" 5669: 5525: 5279: 5073:"Venezuela: Who Are They and How Did They Die?" 4953: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4574:"Venezuela: the most dangerous place on earth?" 3733:"Venezuelans protest en masse in rival rallies" 1484: 1416:. The changes started by Chávez were named the 573:Hundreds of thousands of opposition protesters 12147:"Este viernes zarpó ferry Virgen del Valle II" 11946:"In Venezuela, the Only Free Media Is Twitter" 11506:"Táchira amanece sin Internet por segundo día" 10285:(in Spanish). 20 February 2014. Archived from 8555: 8385:"La cárcel, según los jóvenes que protestaron" 8318: 8272:(in Spanish). 16 February 2014. Archived from 7533: 7389: 6971: 6969: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6367:"CORRUPTION BY COUNTRY / TERRITORY: VENEZUELA" 6188: 5939: 5461:. El Nacional. 12 October 2014. Archived from 5152: 5133:"Slum Dwellers in Caracas Ask, What Protests?" 5015:"Street blockades divide opinion in Venezuela" 4896:"Venezuela clashes 'self-inflicted coup': OAS" 4653: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4293: 4029: 3941: 3637:2013 Venezuelan presidential election protests 3443: 1957:Pro-government colectivos fire upon a protest 1701:Line of people waiting to buy toilet paper in 896:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela 114:in May 2014; a woman wearing a banner reading 13782:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy 13498:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act 13166: 12320: 11267: 11265: 10614: 10358: 10356: 10220: 9756: 9238: 8943: 8941: 8633: 8012: 7481: 7467:"Venezuela : for an end to the violence" 7437: 7383: 6519: 6444:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 6016: 5919: 5913: 5435:. El Nacional. 8 October 2014. Archived from 4923: 4921: 4802: 4644: 4555: 4525: 3912:"Police Kill Boy During Protest in Venezuela" 3462: 3088: 3054:giving instructions to suppress the people." 2953:National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela 2789:on 22 March and was later released that day. 2436: 1766:I'd rather die standing than live on my knees 1392:Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez government 1157: 11382:"CNN en Español kicked off air in Venezuela" 11291: 11107: 11045:"Social media key for Venezuelan protesters" 11042: 11002: 10952: 10643:"Estudiantes llegaron a la embajada de Cuba" 10480:Lares Martiz, Valentina (25 February 2015). 10479: 10214: 10184: 9832: 9812: 9788: 8613: 8382: 8162:"Amnistía: tortura es habitual en Venezuela" 7559: 6683: 6434: 5797:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 5264: 5262: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 4717: 4459:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4434:Toro, Moisés Naím, Francisco (12 May 2016). 4189: 3432:During her speech at the National Assembly, 3202:Approval rating of President Nicolas Maduro. 2951:In late March 2017, three officers from the 1363:, Canada and Argentina. On 23 January 2019, 916:2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries 12002: 11835: 11567: 11438:. Reporters Without Borders. Archived from 11234: 11232: 11061: 10310:"Cuban troops suspected to be in Venezuela" 10075: 9130: 9128: 8288: 8006: 7818: 7816: 7597:"Arreaza promete desarme de grupos armados" 6966: 6939: 6901:. CBC News. Associated Press. 15 April 2013 5992: 5861: 5508: 5506: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 4588: 4142:Mariana Zuniga, Caracas (15 January 2018). 4087:"Venezuela soldier held over queue killing" 3570:, when it was really a photo taken from an 3385:that there will be possible automations of 1589:, produced annually by a Berlin-based NGO, 1355:adopted a resolution for the first time on 14854:International Criminal Court investigation 14723:Local Committees for Supply and Production 13173: 13159: 12327: 12313: 11262: 10946: 10817: 10396: 10394: 10353: 9886:"Allanan casa del padre de Leopoldo López" 9097: 8938: 8898:"Venezuela Ministry Torched By Protesters" 8724: 8529: 8198: 8013:Gómez De Anda, Lizeth (17 February 2014). 7115:"Maduro survives Venezuela electoral test" 7079: 6549: 5948:"The Corruption of Democracy in Venezuela" 5686: 5684: 5395: 5393: 5126: 5124: 4918: 3933: 3707:"Protesters in Venezuela Press Government" 3589: 2911: 1581:Corruption in Venezuela is ranked high by 1462:, abuse of the economy for personal gain, 1164: 1150: 12232: 11862:"Fears grow of Venezuela media crackdown" 10786: 10784: 9284:Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict 9244: 8976:"Queman 5 vehículos de Pdval en Carabobo" 8258: 7489:"Protesters back in streets in Venezuela" 6307: 6205: 6080: 6078: 6004:. The Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012 5895:"Treasury Targets Hizballah in Venezuela" 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5259: 5206: 5187: 5033: 4163: 4161: 3872: 3870: 3600:Reactions to the 2017 Venezuelan protests 3596:Reactions to the 2014 Venezuelan protests 3505:A communication from General Director of 3427: 3017: 2665: 2562:Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict 2544:Number of protests in Venezuela per year. 2097: 1896: 1310:has accused the Venezuelan government of 1214:as well as the incidents surrounding the 12175: 12144: 11859: 11379: 11327: 11229: 11169:. Notitarde. 4 June 2014. Archived from 10755: 10753: 10751: 10221:Maria Delgado, Antonio (26 March 2014). 10159: 10153: 9185: 9125: 7813: 7005:"Tensions Surge in Venezuela After Vote" 6857:. Government of Canada. 16 November 2012 6663: 6557:"Datos Presentación Clima País_Feb 2014" 6381: 5816: 5503: 5338: 5308: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5104:"Murió mujer en una barricada en Mérida" 5039: 4536:"Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies" 4271: 4079: 3603: 3500: 3341: 3230: 3197: 3067: 3056: 3021: 2926: 2915: 2830: 2669: 2653: 2592:Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election 2547: 2539: 2536:Timeline of the 2019 Venezuelan protests 2532:Timeline of the 2018 Venezuelan protests 2528:Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests 2524:Timeline of the 2016 Venezuelan protests 2520:Timeline of the 2015 Venezuelan protests 2516:Timeline of the 2014 Venezuelan protests 2419: 2411: 2403: 2366: 2233: 2190: 2147: 2139: 2101: 2060: 2041: 1946: 1906: 1844: 1832: 1759: 1721: 1687: 1638: 1550: 1494: 1422: 1404:aiming to take over the government, and 1381: 1233:Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela 886:2018 Nicolás Maduro re-election campaign 13983:Unitary Platform presidential primaries 13683:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro 13180: 10561: 10453: 10391: 10307: 9466: 8105: 7944:(in European Spanish). 15 February 2014 7331: 7309:"Venezuela unrest shakes up opposition" 6692: 6139:"Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dies" 5714:"Social Panorama of Latin America 2013" 5681: 5477: 5451: 5121: 5077:Center for Economic and Policy Research 4927: 4870:"Venezuela's Descent Into Dictatorship" 4237: 4207: 3838: 3836: 3781: 3263: 3193: 2408:A wall painting criticizing "guarimbas" 1559:(100 = very clean; 0 = highly corrupt). 1212:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary elections 577:Tens of thousands of student protesters 283:Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) 14916: 13281:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro 12722: 12334: 12233:Velasquez, Mariangela (1 March 2014). 11698: 11408:"Whistleblower reveals passport fraud" 11353: 11271: 10953:Rodríguez T., Carmen M. (5 May 2015). 10862: 10781: 10427: 10127: 10062: 9191: 9134: 8978:. Reporte Confidencial. Archived from 8730: 7863: 7822: 7447:. Human Rights Watch. 21 February 2014 7412: 6740: 6246:from the original on 25 September 2015 6233: 6113:"How Did Venezuela Become So Violent?" 6075: 5901:. United States Department of Treasury 5849:. United States Department of Treasury 5764: 5543:from the original on 24 September 2015 5425: 5370: 5130: 5052:from the original on 24 September 2015 4177:(in European Spanish). 29 January 2019 4158: 4123:(in European Spanish). 12 January 2018 4051: 3909: 3867: 3855:from the original on 26 September 2015 3400: 3169: 3097: 2959:becoming the first documented case of 2468:used Twitter to report attacks on the 1468:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 1414:1998 Venezuelan presidential elections 13865:National Assembly leadership election 13519:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis 13276:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar 13154: 12308: 12122:. Airsoft Battle Zone. Archived from 11860:Schipani, Andres (16 February 2014). 11328:Schipani, Andres (16 February 2014). 11062:Vinogradoff, Ludmila (3 March 2014). 10748: 10723: 10615:Pomenta Llaña, Sonia (7 March 2015). 10400: 10308:Cartaya, Rolando (24 February 2014). 10133: 9932: 9906: 9884:Bobbio, Leonardo (15 February 2014). 9674: 8947: 8383:Emilia Jorge, Maria (3 August 2014). 8326:"Saldo de las protestas en El Trigal" 8116:(in European Spanish). Archived from 7425:from the original on 26 February 2014 6345:"GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER 2010/11" 6162: 5512: 5228: 5163: 3842: 3679: 3509:, William Castillo Bolle, giving the 2644: 2584:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 2509: 1839:2013 Venezuelan presidential election 1829:2013 Venezuelan presidential election 1402:Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 1229:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 14839:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela 14638:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 11895:(in European Spanish). 21 April 2017 11590: 11463: 10868: 10840: 10834: 10454:Obregon, Walter (25 February 2015). 9474:"5 myths about the Venezuela crisis" 8918: 8731:Neuman, William (26 February 2014). 7990: 7972:(in European Spanish). 25 April 2017 7916:(in European Spanish). 20 March 2014 7029: 6891: 6809:from the original on 13 October 2015 6766: 6664:Castillo, Mariano (9 January 2014). 6468:"Monetary aggregates rising sharply" 6325:from the original on 5 December 2012 6163:López, Virginia (22 February 2014). 5867: 5406:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from 5070: 5064: 4433: 4389:from the original on 16 January 2014 3910:Neuman, William (24 February 2015). 3833: 3662:List of protests in the 21st century 2350: 2024: 1620: 1281:attempt, which was orchestrated by " 14651:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 13203:History of Venezuela (1999–present) 12714:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area) 11568:O'Brien, Danny (20 February 2014). 11433: 11354:Wallis, Daniel (20 February 2014). 10928:"79,5% piensa que el país está mal" 10428:Dreier, Hannah (27 February 2015). 9378:(in European Spanish). 18 July 2018 9245:Cawthorne, Andrew (17 March 2016). 7413:Wallis, Daniel (13 February 2014). 6769:"Crime Hobbles Venezuela's Economy" 6420:"Measuring Misery around the World" 6189:Peralta, Eyder (20 February 2013). 5945: 5868:Meza, Alfredo (26 September 2013). 5765:Keppel, Stephen (25 October 2013). 5101: 4654:Sequera, Vivia (22 February 2014). 4334:(in European Spanish). 28 July 2017 4272:Croucher, Shane (24 January 2019). 3891:from the original on 11 August 2022 3876: 3184:Woodrow Wilson International Center 3150: 2820:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 2688:2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt 2470:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 2362: 1891: 1870:8 December 2013 municipal elections 1531:2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt 1447:, Chávez's social measures reduced 253:Military and police units loyal to 13: 13401:III National Assembly of Venezuela 13320:Interventions of political parties 12176:Martinez, Laury (23 August 2013). 12145:Martinez, Laury (23 August 2013). 12070:. 25 February 2014. Archived from 12008: 11972:"Las falsas fotos sobre Venezuela" 11970:Russo, Sandra (22 February 2014). 11763:. 25 February 2014. Archived from 11699:Bajack, Frank (21 February 2014). 11676:. 14 February 2014. Archived from 10795:. Associated Press. Archived from 10539:. 26 February 2015. Archived from 9933:Gupta, Girish (17 February 2014). 9907:Gupta, Girish (16 February 2014). 9528:. 19 February 2014. Archived from 9314:(in European Spanish). 4 July 2018 8756: 8477:. 16 February 2014. Archived from 8334:. 13 February 2014. Archived from 7767:. 11 February 2015. Archived from 7737:. 17 February 2014. Archived from 7283:"Oposición, ¿la nueva estrategia?" 7173:. 12 December 2013. Archived from 6722:. Edition.cnn.com. 10 January 2014 6234:Murphy, Peter (12 February 2014). 5322:. 23 February 2014. Archived from 5207:Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Pons, Corina. 4501:"Inflation rate (consumer prices)" 3843:Faria, Javier (25 February 2015). 3416:Social media applications such as 3362:such as Espacio Público, IPYS and 2970: 2798:Washington Office on Latin America 2659:Government-organized demonstration 2478:Fundación de la Familia Tachirense 2037: 1555:Corruption score according to the 1439:politician who declared himself a 955:2017 Constituent Assembly election 817:Interventions of political parties 16:Series of political demonstrations 14: 14975: 13544:IV National Assembly of Venezuela 12290: 11591:Neal, Meghan (20 February 2014). 11272:Taylor, Adam (24 February 2014). 11043:Peter Wilson (19 February 2014). 10790: 9336:(in Spanish). NTN24. 30 June 2018 9219:"Situation in Venezuela (debate)" 9135:Martín, Sabrina (6 August 2015). 8865: 8843:. Globovision.com. Archived from 8817:. Globovision.com. Archived from 8761:. sunoticiero.com. Archived from 8106:Salazar, Abraham (9 April 2017). 7823:Neuman, William (27 April 2014). 7319:from the original on 21 July 2015 6693:Ferdman, Roberto (8 March 2014). 6417: 6295:2008 Corruption Perceptions Index 6110: 5920:Romero, Simon (4 February 2011). 5513:Lopez, Leopoldo (25 March 2014). 5239: 4818:. 19 January 2017. Archived from 3226: 3083: 2816:Venezuela's military intelligence 2781:said that the government accused 2603:the re-election of Nicolás Maduro 2601:, which eventually resulted with 2428:Demonstrators have used homemade 2187:Abuse of protesters and detainees 1764:A protester with a sign saying, " 1515:, in the western border state of 1255:acting president, resulting in a 1231:occurred when the pro-government 756:Economic policy of Nicolás Maduro 216:(Student opposition organization) 14869:Political prisoners in Venezuela 13914:V National Assembly of Venezuela 13350:States of emergency in Venezuela 12843:Ecological Movement of Venezuela 12257: 12226: 12200: 12169: 12138: 12112: 12086: 12056: 12030: 11983: 11964: 11907: 11879: 11853: 11779: 11749: 11723: 11692: 11662: 11636: 11610: 11584: 11561: 11538: 11522: 11499: 11483: 11427: 11399: 11373: 11347: 11321: 11207: 11185: 11159: 11133: 11081: 11055: 10972: 10920: 10890: 10811: 10759: 10717: 10687: 10661: 10635: 10608: 10582: 10562:Merchán, Johan (12 March 2015). 10555: 10525: 10499: 10473: 10447: 10421: 10401:Lopez, Edgar (29 January 2015). 10373: 10327: 10301: 10271: 10245: 10101: 10067:. Uk.reuters.com. Archived from 10063:Wallis, Daniel (20 March 2014). 10030: 10004: 9978: 9952: 9926: 9900: 9877: 9851: 9782: 9734:"Conspiracy Claims in Venezuela" 9726: 9648: 9622: 9596: 9570: 9544: 9492: 9446: 9432: 9418: 9390: 9362: 9348: 9326: 9298: 9271: 9192:Seddon, Paul (22 January 2015). 9159: 9071: 9045: 9020: 8994: 8968: 8912: 8890: 8859: 8833: 8807: 8777: 8750: 8703: 8677: 8659: 8607: 8581: 8511: 8493: 8463: 8433: 8403: 8376: 8176: 8154: 8132: 8099: 8071: 8039: 7984: 7956: 7928: 7900: 7842: 7783: 7753: 7723: 7697: 7667: 7641: 7615: 7589: 7301: 7275: 7259:. 6 January 2014. Archived from 7245: 7229:. 8 January 2014. Archived from 7215: 7189: 7159: 7133: 7107: 7049: 7023: 6997: 6913: 6869: 6847: 6821: 6791: 6767:Pons, Corina (30 January 2014). 6760: 6741:Romero, Simon (22 August 2010). 6734: 6712: 6657: 6631: 6601: 6571: 6497: 6482: 4928:Goodman, Joshua (9 April 2017). 3680:Lopez, Linette (11 April 2014). 3657:States of emergency in Venezuela 3621: 3288: 3241:Inter American Press Association 2942:Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces 2737:Office of Transition Initiatives 1738: 1473:On 5 March 2013, Chávez died of 1224:National Electoral Council (CNE) 1133: 921:2024 Venezuelan political crisis 728: 79: 72: 61: 54: 43: 14924:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 14749:Organization of American States 14708:Bolivarian Intelligence Service 14633:Union of South American Nations 13193:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 12298:Organization of American States 12271:. 20 March 2014. Archived from 11464:Meza, Alfredo (13 March 2014). 10198:. 27 March 2014. Archived from 10134:Rojas, Eligio (25 March 2014). 9004:. cuidadccs.org. Archived from 8447:. 12 April 2014. Archived from 8417:. 13 April 2014. Archived from 8302:. 21 March 2014. Archived from 8242:. 14 March 2014. Archived from 8212:. 12 March 2014. Archived from 7573:. 30 March 2014. Archived from 7063:. 16 April 2013. Archived from 6585:. 16 March 2014. Archived from 6533:. 16 March 2014. Archived from 6460: 6411: 6359: 6337: 6282: 6258: 6227: 6182: 6156: 6131: 6104: 6049: 5976:. 31 March 2014. Archived from 5962: 5887: 5835: 5817:Marshall, Paul A., ed. (2008). 5810: 5789: 5758: 5736: 5706: 5635: 5609: 5591: 5573: 5555: 5164:Watts, Jonathan (19 May 2016). 5095: 5040:Cawthorne, Andrew; Ore, Diego. 4982: 4888: 4862: 4834: 4774: 4746: 4700: 4674: 4619: 4493: 4467: 4427: 4401: 4371: 4346: 4318: 4265: 4135: 4107: 3496: 2339:stated that Melvin Collazos of 2326:Government's response to abuses 2320:United Nations General Assembly 2179:that are extremely dangerous". 1868:The opposition's defeat in the 1817:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1658:score. In data provided by the 1652:2013 Global Misery Index Scores 1410:Movement for the Fifth Republic 24:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 14671:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias 13817:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo 13752:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro 13198:Venezuelan presidential crisis 12405:Restorative Liberal Revolution 11999:. Info News. 15 February 2014. 11793:. 2 April 2014. Archived from 10904:. 6 April 2014. Archived from 10841:Law, Phillippa; Walsh, James. 10724:Bajak, Frank (19 March 2014). 10259:(in Spanish). 21 February 2014 10115:(in Spanish). 27 February 2014 9662:(in Spanish). 22 February 2014 9610:(in Spanish). 21 February 2014 9584:(in Spanish). 20 February 2014 8900:. Yahoo! News UK. 2 April 2014 8595:(in Spanish). 21 February 2014 7711:(in Spanish). 18 February 2014 6489:"Venezuela's "economic war"". 6395:. 5 March 2014. Archived from 6033:. 8 March 2014. Archived from 5819:Religious freedom in the world 5268:Nicolas Maduro. 1 April 2014. 5131:Neuman, William (March 2014). 4902:. 1 April 2017. Archived from 4221:. 9 April 2014. Archived from 3972:. 13 June 2016. Archived from 3903: 3807: 3765:. 2 March 2014. Archived from 3751: 3725: 3699: 3673: 3652:Protests against Daniel Ortega 3647:Spring (political terminology) 3574:website. Minister of Tourism, 3535: 3455:A cameraman who resigned from 2955:requested political asylum in 2711:, citing examples such as the 2445:'s headquarters; and by Mayor 2208:inhuman or degrading treatment 1801:United States State Department 1371:COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela 751:Economic policy of Hugo Chávez 1: 14903:Bolivarian Revolution in film 14701:Constituent National Assembly 14014:Detention of Rocío San Miguel 13645:Death of Carlos Andrés García 13618:Constituent Assembly election 11246:. 19 May 2014. Archived from 10869:Walsh, James; Law, Philippa. 10619:. Union Radio. Archived from 10405:. El Nacional. Archived from 10160:Parshely, Lois (2 May 2014). 8614:Seumas Milne (8 April 2014). 8387:. El Nacional. Archived from 8164:. Voz de America. 13 May 2014 6470:. Economist Intelligence Unit 5691:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 4815:Latin American Herald Tribune 4734:. La Patilla. 19 January 2015 4660:The Christian Science Monitor 3667: 3331: 3072:A female protester wearing a 3012: 2649: 2379: 1540: 1376: 1347:, Minister of Communications 1314:arrests, most notably former 1083:2017 National Assembly attack 332:Pro-government paramilitaries 14814:National Assembly (majority) 13827:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez 13802:Disappearance of Gilber Caro 13797:Detention of Roberto Marrero 13514:Detention of Antonio Ledezma 11217:. El Universal. 10 June 2014 10566:. En Oriente. Archived from 9442:. Al Jazeera. 11 March 2020. 9171:International New York Times 8186:. El Universal. 18 June 2014 8142:. El Nacional. 11 April 2017 7681:(in Spanish). Archived from 7517:. Noticias21. Archived from 6389:"WJP 2014 Rule of Law Index" 6369:. Transparency International 6347:. Transparency International 6001:World Report 2012: Venezuela 5720:. March 2014. Archived from 4992:. El Universal. 15 July 2014 4436:"Venezuela Is Falling Apart" 3479:On 19 April 2017 during the 2963:since Maduro came to power. 1822: 1587:Corruption Perceptions Index 1557:Corruption Perceptions Index 1485:First demonstrations of 2014 871:Detention of Antonio Ledezma 346:Pro-government demonstrators 7: 14762:Democratic Unity Roundtable 14691:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 14661:People's Electoral Movement 13713:Detention of Juan Requesens 13603:Caracas helicopter incident 13493:Detention of Leopoldo López 13381:Colombian diplomatic crisis 13330:Refugee crisis and diaspora 12779:Democratic Unity Roundtable 12768:People's Electoral Movement 12702:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 9865:(in Spanish). 18 March 2019 9462:. Bloomberg. 24 April 2020. 9079:"Inicio - Últimas Noticias" 7030:Wyss, Jim (15 April 2013). 5515:"Venezuela's Failing State" 5270:Venezuela: A Call for Peace 4576:. Channel 4. 8 January 2014 3614: 3467:The Colombian news channel 3444:Censoring of domestic media 2755:economic ties with Panama. 2015:Units of Battle Hugo Chávez 1078:Caracas helicopter incident 965:2020 parliamentary election 945:2015 parliamentary election 881:2017 constitutional crisis| 501:Constitutionalist officials 10: 14980: 14696:National Electoral Council 13567:Recall referendum movement 12475:2017 constitutional crisis 8952:. nsnbc.me. Archived from 8087:(in Spanish). 8 April 2017 6879:. GOV.UK. 18 December 2013 6829:"Venezuela Travel Warning" 6290:Transparency International 6266:Transparency International 6215:. Gallup. 28 February 2014 4970:. La Patilla. 17 July 2014 3593: 3463:Censoring of foreign media 3378:Internet service providers 3335: 3089:Public support of protests 3033:at an opposition gathering 2974: 2937:Bolivarian National Police 2826: 2713:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 2676:Bolivarian National Police 2513: 2437:Attacks on public property 1900: 1858:Henrique Capriles Radonski 1826: 1742: 1624: 1591:Transparency International 1565:Transparency International 1544: 1488: 1385: 1108:2020 Barquisimeto shooting 975:2024 presidential election 960:2018 presidential election 940:2013 presidential election 448:Fearless People's Alliance 295:Bolivarian National Police 239:Anti-government protesters 14887: 14849:Human rights in Venezuela 14831: 14741: 14713:Bolivarian National Guard 14625: 14618: 14398: 14187: 14180: 14115: 14099: 14070: 14063: 14006: 13965: 13957:Recall referendum project 13944: 13923: 13857: 13807:30 April uprising attempt 13757:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 13744: 13731:Tumeremo massacre (third) 13670: 13580: 13562:Tumeremo massacre (first) 13554: 13506: 13468: 13437: 13411: 13373: 13345:State-sponsored terrorism 13223: 13216: 13188: 13112: 13033: 12960: 12951: 12872: 12863: 12816: 12776: 12748:Movement We Are Venezuela 12731: 12604:Human rights in Venezuela 12589: 12580: 12511: 12502: 12450:1992 coup d'état attempts 12385:Revolution of the Reforms 12355: 12346: 11195:. La Patilla. 3 June 2014 9428:. BBC. 30 September 2020. 8358:"Documento no encontrado" 7623:"A tale of two prisoners" 7469:. Socialist International 6877:"Venezuela travel advice" 6507:. The Heritage Foundation 5401:"Punished for Protesting" 4253:(in Spanish). 19 May 2017 3586:of promoting barricades. 3352:Reporters Without Borders 3350:The secretary general of 2628:As a continuation of the 2198:holding a protester in a 1999:President Nicolas Maduro 1915:Militant groups known as 1715:Index of Economic Freedom 1614:The World Justice Project 675: 646: 598: 593: 566: 561: 367: 362: 288:Venezuelan National Guard 169: 164: 156: 146: 133: 36: 28: 23: 14797:Movimiento al Socialismo 14681:Venezolana de Televisión 14024:Bulla Loca mine disaster 13767:Humanitarian aid mission 13736:2018 protests (timeline) 13726:Murder of Fernando Albán 13693:Panama diplomatic crisis 13640:Attack on Fort Paramacay 13613:National Assembly attack 13588:Detention of Gilber Caro 13572:2016 protests (timeline) 13529:2015 protests (timeline) 12621:Administrative divisions 12480:2019 presidential crisis 12460:2002 coup d'état attempt 12395:Revindicating Revolution 11550:6 September 2020 at the 8919:Trujillo, Manuel Ruben. 6276:3 September 2010 at the 6271:1995 TI Corruption Index 6115:. Fusion. Archived from 5276:Retrieved: 3 April 2014. 3795:. Reuters. 17 April 2014 3221: 2729:leaked diplomatic cables 2721:2004 Haitian coup d'état 2717:1973 Chilean coup d'état 2709:history of backing coups 2630:2019 Venezuelan protests 1491:2014 Venezuelan protests 1412:(MVR) party. He won the 1241:2017 Venezuelan protests 1088:Attack on Fort Paramacay 473:Edmundo González Urrutia 244:Anti-government students 14954:21st century in Caracas 14034:international reactions 13993:Guyana–Venezuela crisis 13787:Murder of Alí Domínguez 13386:Death of Franklin Brito 13311:International sanctions 13261:Crimes against humanity 12594:Corruption in Venezuela 7009:The Wall Street Journal 6304:, accessed 30 June 2009 5700:15 January 2014 at the 4306:. Foro Penal Venezolano 3789:"Barefoot in Venezuela" 3711:The Wall Street Journal 3590:International reactions 3338:Censorship in Venezuela 3047:University of the Andes 2912:Law enforcement actions 2868:Vicencio Scarano Spisso 2678:watching protesters in 2345:Miguel Rodríguez Torres 2212:Punished for Protesting 1941:Socialist International 1796:violence in the media. 1710:The Heritage Foundation 1547:Corruption in Venezuela 1406:attempted a coup d'état 1353:UN Human Rights Council 1113:Operation Gideon (2020) 812:International sanctions 535:Miguel Rodríguez Torres 517:Government of Venezuela 351:Pro-government students 276:Government of Venezuela 14718:Mission Barrio Adentro 14064:Deaths during protests 13910:Parliamentary election 13905:Detention of Alex Saab 13832:Murder of Edmundo Rada 13539:Parliamentary election 13396:Parliamentary election 12919:Science and technology 12833:Movement for Socialism 12743:United Socialist Party 12465:2002–03 general strike 10381:"Crackdown on Dissent" 10166:Bloomberg Businessweek 9358:. Garda. 24 July 2018. 6773:Bloomberg Businessweek 5214:Bloomberg Businessweek 3611: 3562:, shared a photo on a 3522: 3519:Gustavo González López 3428:State media censorship 3407:San Cristóbal, Táchira 3347: 3236: 3210: 3107: 3076: 3065: 3064:tending to a protester 3045:The student leader at 3034: 3018:Opposition allegations 2983:Vladimir Padrino López 2932: 2924: 2839: 2683: 2666:Government allegations 2662: 2569:shortages in Venezuela 2557: 2545: 2425: 2417: 2409: 2372: 2311:Fernando Albán Salazar 2253: 2203: 2153: 2145: 2107: 2098:Use of chemical agents 2074: 2054: 1996: 1962: 1912: 1853: 1842: 1769: 1727: 1706: 1647: 1635:Shortages in Venezuela 1574: 1535:Ramón Rodríguez Chacín 1509:Leopoldo López Mendoza 1500: 1432: 1245:Mother of all Protests 1216:2016 recall referendum 413:Movimiento Estudiantil 211:Movimiento Estudiantil 14959:Protests in Venezuela 14874:Revolving door effect 14029:Presidential election 13880:Barquisimeto shooting 13822:Attack of Rufo Chacón 13718:Economic reforms and 13698:Presidential election 13598:Mother of All Marches 13593:Constitutional crisis 13450:Presidential election 13424:Presidential election 13290:Zulia energy collapse 13241:Bolivarian Revolution 12120:"Airsoft Rental Guns" 11511:10 March 2014 at the 11434:Deloire, Christophe. 9824:– via ProQuest. 9634:The Los Angeles Times 9406:(in European Spanish) 8671:13 April 2014 at the 6393:World Justice Project 6300:11 March 2009 at the 4219:Tribuna (Puerto Rico) 3763:The Los Angeles Times 3607: 3594:Further information: 3517:General Commissioner 3504: 3481:Mother of All Marches 3345: 3301:. The Post performed 3234: 3201: 3102: 3071: 3060: 3025: 2930: 2919: 2834: 2673: 2657: 2551: 2543: 2423: 2415: 2407: 2370: 2245: 2194: 2151: 2143: 2105: 2072: 2045: 1988: 1956: 1910: 1903:Colectivo (Venezuela) 1886:Marina Corina Machado 1848: 1836: 1763: 1725: 1700: 1642: 1554: 1498: 1426: 1418:Bolivarian Revolution 1400:formed a group named 1388:Bolivarian Revolution 1382:Bolivarian Revolution 1312:politically motivated 1300:Amnesty International 1103:2019 uprising attempt 795:Zulia energy collapse 746:Bolivarian Revolution 178:Venezuelan opposition 120:Mother of All Marches 14879:Torture in Venezuela 14807:Agreement for Change 14687:State organizations 14646:Great Patriotic Pole 14451:María Corina Machado 14128:Juan Pablo Pernalete 14051:Widespread blackouts 13870:Death of Addy Valero 13812:Acarigua prison riot 13792:Widespread blackouts 13708:Caracas drone attack 13534:Narcosobrinos affair 13445:Death of Hugo Chávez 13365:Coronavirus pandemic 12819:Agreement for Change 12758:For Social Democracy 12734:Great Patriotic Pole 12599:Torture in Venezuela 12568:World Heritage Sites 12543:Environmental issues 11995:3 March 2014 at the 9896:on 22 February 2014. 8641:"noticiascentro.com" 7571:The Associated Press 7315:. 27 February 2014. 6954:. BBC. 28 April 2013 6805:. 20 February 2014. 6531:El Diario de Caracas 6422:. The CATO Institute 5777:on 19 September 2014 5744:"Venezuela Overview" 5670:Guillermoprieto 2005 5605:. 27 September 2018. 4385:. 30 December 2013. 3474:Agence France-Presse 3434:María Corina Machado 3264:Attacks on reporters 3194:Poll and survey data 3027:María Corina Machado 2888:Venezuelan Air Force 2883:on various charges. 2783:María Corina Machado 2554:Maracaibo, Venezuela 2485:María Corina Machado 2250:Zeid Raad Al Hussein 1961:was participating in 1805:Government of Canada 1627:Economy of Venezuela 1441:democratic socialist 1318:mayor and leader of 1186:political corruption 1140:Venezuela portal 1098:Caracas drone attack 911:2022 recall movement 876:2016 recall movement 837:Xenophobic incidents 480:National Equilibrium 405:María Corina Machado 308:Great Patriotic Pole 299:Public Order Service 264:Dissenting officials 229:National Equilibrium 151:Venezuela, worldwide 106:Opposition march in 14964:Political timelines 14929:Crisis in Venezuela 14802:Progressive Advance 14728:Carnet de la Patria 13998:El Palito oil spill 13973:Anti-Solidarity Law 13900:El Palito oil spill 13890:Guanare prison riot 13703:El Paraíso stampede 13635:Municipal elections 13460:Municipal elections 13296:Human rights abuses 13236:Bolivarian missions 13182:Crisis in Venezuela 13005:List of Venezuelans 12828:Progressive Advance 12616:Crisis in Venezuela 12370:War of Independence 12245:on 26 February 2014 11711:on 23 February 2014 11278:The Washington Post 10543:on 27 February 2015 10409:on 16 February 2015 10387:. 29 November 2017. 10289:on 13 December 2018 9822:Wall Street Journal 9532:on 20 February 2014 9224:European Parliament 9085:on 27 February 2014 9059:on 24 February 2014 9008:on 24 February 2014 8982:on 20 December 2014 8878:on 26 February 2014 8821:on 27 February 2014 8765:on 22 February 2014 8757:Bracho, Alejandro. 8306:on 1 September 2014 8276:on 28 February 2014 7991:Hausmann, Ricardo. 7888:on 15 December 2014 7771:on 6 September 2020 7685:on 22 February 2014 7263:on 13 December 2018 7233:on 13 December 2018 7177:on 17 November 2018 6925:The Washington Post 6619:on 26 February 2014 6493:. 16 November 2013. 6321:. 5 December 2012. 5651:. 20 September 2023 5274:The New York Times. 4906:on 25 February 2021 4847:Buenos Aires Herald 4822:on 25 February 2021 4607:on 19 February 2014 3821:. BBC. 1 April 2014 3401:Internet censorship 3307:The Washington Post 3295:The Washington Post 3170:Analysis of support 3098:Support by the poor 3003:European Parliament 2995:Kluiberth Roa Nunez 2935:Personnel from the 2854:Palacio de Justicia 2803:In September 2018, 2674:Policemen from the 2573:European Parliament 1578:maintain control." 1298:organizations like 1257:presidential crisis 1123:2022 Arauca clashes 891:Presidential crisis 722:Crisis in Venezuela 250:Constitutionalists 137:12 February 2014 – 31:crisis in Venezuela 14939:2020s in Venezuela 14934:2010s in Venezuela 14888:In popular culture 14859:Orinoco Mining Arc 14758:Political parties 14642:Political parties 14416:C. Alcalá Cordones 14275:C. Alcalá Cordones 13978:Barbados Agreement 13777:Venezuela Aid Live 13650:Law against Hatred 13630:Regional elections 13429:Regional elections 13355:Catatumbo campaign 13335:Resource shortages 13306:Illegal drug trade 12995:Indigenous peoples 12929:Telecommunications 12526:metropolitan areas 12100:. 25 February 2014 12044:. 25 February 2014 11952:. 28 February 2014 11921:. 18 February 2014 11737:. 22 February 2014 11650:. 15 February 2014 11442:on 23 January 2015 11019:. 25 February 2014 10675:. 25 February 2014 10649:. 25 February 2014 10513:. 27 February 2015 10511:The New York Times 10385:Human Rights Watch 10044:. 18 February 2014 10018:. 19 February 2014 9992:. 18 February 2014 9966:. 18 February 2014 9799:The New York Times 9795:The New York Times 9744:. 25 February 2015 9742:The New York Times 9738:The New York Times 9636:. 22 February 2014 9558:. 18 February 2014 8737:The New York Times 8569:. 19 February 2014 7829:The New York Times 7655:. 15 February 2014 7629:. 20 February 2014 7577:on 5 December 2014 7547:. 19 February 2014 7521:on 9 December 2014 7495:. 24 February 2014 7371:. 25 February 2014 7345:. 22 February 2014 7203:. 18 December 2013 7147:. 17 February 2014 6835:on 30 January 2014 6779:on 31 January 2014 6747:The New York Times 6645:. 25 February 2014 6119:on 10 January 2014 6063:. 24 February 2010 5946:Coronel, Gustavo. 5926:The New York Times 5724:on 4 November 2014 5603:Human Rights Watch 5519:The New York Times 5465:on 13 October 2014 5296:. 20 November 2013 5138:The New York Times 5021:. 27 February 2014 4900:Sky News Australia 4874:The New York Times 4662:. Associated Press 4506:CIA World Factbook 4028: • 4007: • 3987: • 3963: • 3940: • 3920:The New York Times 3916:The New York Times 3739:. 24 February 2014 3713:. 23 February 2014 3612: 3548:Luis Britto García 3523: 3364:Human Rights Watch 3348: 3311:The New York Times 3237: 3211: 3123:The New York Times 3077: 3066: 3039:The New York Times 3035: 2933: 2925: 2922:Altamira, Caracas. 2860:Human Rights Watch 2840: 2805:The New York Times 2793:The New York Times 2699:The New York Times 2695:media manipulation 2684: 2663: 2645:Domestic reactions 2558: 2546: 2510:Timeline of events 2466:Francisco Ameliach 2426: 2418: 2410: 2373: 2357:Human Rights Watch 2257:The New York Times 2254: 2216:Human Rights Watch 2204: 2196:National Guardsman 2154: 2146: 2108: 2078:The New York Times 2075: 2055: 2011:Francisco Ameliach 1963: 1937:Human Rights Watch 1913: 1854: 1843: 1770: 1745:Crime in Venezuela 1728: 1707: 1703:Guatire, Venezuela 1648: 1575: 1570:9 May 2019 at the 1501: 1433: 1304:Human Rights Watch 1118:2021 Apure clashes 901:Venezuela Aid Live 832:Catatumbo campaign 14911: 14910: 14827: 14826: 14777:Democratic Action 14614: 14613: 14176: 14175: 14133:Armando Cañizales 14059: 14058: 13885:COVID-19 pandemic 13837:Operación Alacrán 13208:COVID-19 pandemic 13148: 13147: 13108: 13107: 12947: 12946: 12859: 12858: 12855: 12854: 12851: 12850: 12803:Democratic Action 12668:National Assembly 12648:Foreign relations 12576: 12575: 12498: 12497: 12365:Captaincy General 12178:"foto11377284498" 12009:Lovato, Roberto. 10760:Toro, Francisco. 10596:. 31 January 2015 10042:Los Angeles Times 9847:available online. 9173:. 24 January 2015 8948:Robertson, Ewan. 8525:. 8 October 2018. 8507:. 9 October 2018. 7289:. 26 January 2014 7121:. 9 December 2013 5539:. 20 March 2014. 5491:. 20 October 2014 5439:on 9 October 2014 4790:. 7 December 2016 4762:. 26 October 2016 4415:. 7 November 2013 4203:on 13 April 2014. 4146:. Telegraph.co.uk 4018:. 26 October 2016 4015:Ámbito Financiero 3556:National Assembly 3438:Luisa Ortega Díaz 3299:crisis in Ukraine 3283:unmarked vehicles 2787:Maiquetia Airport 2772:Miraflores Palace 2634:COVID-19 pandemic 2560:According to the 2458:Bank of Venezuela 2351:Arbitrary arrests 2243: 2130:, a yellow-green 2070: 2025:Government forces 1954: 1874:Henrique Capriles 1705:on 13 March 2014. 1698: 1650:According to the 1621:Economic problems 1505:Henrique Capriles 1343:, Vice President 1197:the 2014 protests 1174: 1173: 906:COVID-19 pandemic 716: 715: 589: 588: 551:Luisa Ortega Díaz 507:Luisa Ortega Díaz 440:Henrique Capriles 425:Rafaela Requesens 358: 357: 255:1999 Constitution 233: 122:on 19 April 2017. 14971: 14623: 14622: 14295:V. Padrino López 14265:C. Mata Figueroa 14260:N. Maduro Guerra 14219:arrested in 2024 14185: 14184: 14163:David Vallenilla 14068: 14067: 14044:political crisis 13895:Operation Gideon 13678:El Junquito raid 13340:State protectors 13221: 13220: 13175: 13168: 13161: 13152: 13151: 13128: 13121: 12958: 12957: 12870: 12869: 12821: 12781: 12736: 12729: 12728: 12720: 12719: 12587: 12586: 12509: 12508: 12425:1958 coup d'état 12420:El Trienio Adeco 12353: 12352: 12329: 12322: 12315: 12306: 12305: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12280: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12241:. Archived from 12230: 12224: 12223: 12221: 12219: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12184:. Archived from 12173: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12153:. 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Archived from 11614: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11603: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11577: 11565: 11559: 11557: 11542: 11536: 11534: 11526: 11520: 11518: 11503: 11497: 11495: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11461: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11420: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11309:on 25 March 2014 11295: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11269: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11255: 11236: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11211: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11200: 11189: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11152: 11137: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11111: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11085: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11040: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11009: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10924: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10908:on 10 March 2014 10894: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10883: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10815: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10788: 10779: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10767:The New Republic 10757: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10736:on 19 March 2014 10732:. Archived from 10730:Associated Press 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10705:on 20 March 2014 10701:. Archived from 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10575: 10570:on 11 March 2016 10559: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10425: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10398: 10389: 10388: 10377: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10360: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10229:. Archived from 10218: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10202:on 27 March 2014 10188: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10168:. Archived from 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10105: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10071:on 5 March 2016. 10060: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10008: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9956: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9892:. Archived from 9881: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9855: 9849: 9844: 9836: 9830: 9825: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9652: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9600: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9422: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9255:. Archived from 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9147:on 8 August 2015 9143:. Archived from 9132: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9109: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9081:. Archived from 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9055:. Archived from 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8972: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8945: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8916: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8874:. Archived from 8863: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8837: 8831: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8795:on 25 April 2014 8791:. Archived from 8781: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8707: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8691:on 13 April 2014 8687:. Archived from 8681: 8675: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8647:on 13 April 2014 8643:. Archived from 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8523:Associated Press 8515: 8509: 8508: 8505:Associated Press 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8481:on 14 April 2014 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8451:on 13 April 2014 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8421:on 14 April 2014 8407: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8391:on 6 August 2014 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8360:. Archived from 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8240:Venezuela Al Dia 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8059:on 10 April 2017 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8027:on 10 April 2017 8023:. Archived from 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7884:. Archived from 7878: 7872: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7797:. Archived from 7795:Últimas Noticias 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7735:Venezuela Al Dia 7727: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7619: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7067:on 11 March 2014 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6948: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6775:. Archived from 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6615:. Archived from 6613:Associated Press 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6589:on 19 March 2014 6583:Venezuela Al Dia 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6537:on 20 March 2014 6523: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6399:on 29 April 2015 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6311: 6305: 6286: 6280: 6269:, 15 July 1995, 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6082: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6037:on 18 March 2014 6023: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5980:on 13 April 2014 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5950:. Cato Institute 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5773:. Archived from 5762: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5710: 5704: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5510: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5412: 5405: 5397: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5349: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5286: 5277: 5266: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5237: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5204: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5161: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5083:on 23 March 2015 5079:. Archived from 5071:Johnston, Jake. 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4964: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4940:Associated Press 4925: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4728: 4715: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4651: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4597: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4570: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4509:. Archived from 4497: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4458: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4300: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4225:on 24 April 2014 4211: 4205: 4204: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4095:. 1 January 2018 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3882: 3877:Usborne, David. 3874: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3840: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3769:on 31 March 2014 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3686:Business Insider 3677: 3631: 3629:Venezuela portal 3626: 3625: 3624: 3580:Margarita Island 3560:Diosdado Cabello 3151:Protest coverage 3137:Associated Press 3115: 3110:David Smilde of 3037:In an op-ed for 2892:Juan Caguaripano 2810:Retired general 2779:Diosdado Cabello 2661:in December 2016 2613:, human chains, 2556:in February 2014 2505: 2497:Haiman El Troudi 2455: 2363:Violent protests 2244: 2120:Ricardo Hausmann 2071: 2019:Diosdado Cabello 2000: 1990:These groups of 1955: 1892:Protest violence 1732:Associated Press 1699: 1328:media censorship 1220:President Maduro 1166: 1159: 1152: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1093:El Junquito raid 732: 718: 717: 709: 703: 697: 691: 685: 668: 662: 656: 639: 633: 627: 620: 614: 608: 568: 567: 530:Diosdado Cabello 494: 340: 326: 231: 217: 204: 171: 170: 123: 97: 83: 76: 65: 58: 47: 21: 20: 14979: 14978: 14974: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14969: 14968: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14907: 14883: 14823: 14782:Un Nuevo Tiempo 14737: 14610: 14394: 14315:H. Rangel Silva 14172: 14148:Orlando Figuera 14138:Miguel Castillo 14111: 14095: 14091:Geraldin Moreno 14086:Génesis Carmona 14078:Bassil Da Costa 14055: 14002: 13961: 13940: 13919: 13853: 13740: 13666: 13576: 13550: 13524:Resolution 8610 13502: 13464: 13433: 13407: 13369: 13231:Economic crisis 13212: 13184: 13179: 13149: 13144: 13131: 13124: 13117: 13104: 13029: 13010:Public holidays 12943: 12847: 12817: 12812: 12777: 12772: 12753:Communist Party 12732: 12718: 12653:Law enforcement 12572: 12563:Natural Regions 12494: 12342: 12333: 12293: 12288: 12278: 12276: 12275:on 7 April 2014 12263: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12231: 12227: 12217: 12215: 12206: 12205: 12201: 12191: 12189: 12188:on 2 March 2014 12174: 12170: 12160: 12158: 12157:on 2 March 2014 12143: 12139: 12129: 12127: 12126:on 1 March 2014 12118: 12117: 12113: 12103: 12101: 12092: 12091: 12087: 12077: 12075: 12074:on 1 March 2014 12062: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12045: 12036: 12035: 12031: 12021: 12019: 12007: 12003: 11997:Wayback Machine 11988: 11984: 11969: 11965: 11955: 11953: 11944: 11943: 11934: 11924: 11922: 11913: 11912: 11908: 11898: 11896: 11885: 11884: 11880: 11870: 11868: 11866:Financial Times 11858: 11854: 11841: 11840: 11836: 11826: 11824: 11823:. 30 March 2014 11815: 11814: 11810: 11800: 11798: 11797:on 4 April 2014 11791:Espacio Publico 11785: 11784: 11780: 11770: 11768: 11755: 11754: 11750: 11740: 11738: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11714: 11712: 11705:Huffington Post 11697: 11693: 11683: 11681: 11668: 11667: 11663: 11653: 11651: 11642: 11641: 11637: 11627: 11625: 11624:on 3 March 2016 11616: 11615: 11611: 11601: 11599: 11589: 11585: 11575: 11573: 11566: 11562: 11555: 11552:Wayback Machine 11543: 11539: 11532: 11527: 11523: 11516: 11513:Wayback Machine 11504: 11500: 11493: 11488: 11484: 11474: 11472: 11462: 11455: 11445: 11443: 11432: 11428: 11418: 11416: 11404: 11400: 11390: 11388: 11378: 11374: 11364: 11362: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11334:Financial Times 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11297: 11296: 11292: 11282: 11280: 11270: 11263: 11253: 11251: 11238: 11237: 11230: 11220: 11218: 11213: 11212: 11208: 11198: 11196: 11191: 11190: 11186: 11176: 11174: 11165: 11164: 11160: 11150: 11148: 11147:. 12 March 2014 11139: 11138: 11134: 11124: 11122: 11121:. 12 April 2014 11113: 11112: 11108: 11098: 11096: 11095:. 15 March 2014 11087: 11086: 11082: 11072: 11070: 11060: 11056: 11041: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11011: 11010: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10990:on 2 March 2014 10978: 10977: 10973: 10963: 10961: 10951: 10947: 10937: 10935: 10926: 10925: 10921: 10911: 10909: 10896: 10895: 10891: 10881: 10879: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10839: 10835: 10825: 10823: 10816: 10812: 10802: 10800: 10789: 10782: 10772: 10770: 10758: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10722: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10693: 10692: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10667: 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10623:on 2 April 2015 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10588: 10587: 10583: 10573: 10571: 10560: 10556: 10546: 10544: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10516: 10514: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10490: 10488: 10478: 10474: 10464: 10462: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10426: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10399: 10392: 10379: 10378: 10374: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10341:. 23 April 2017 10333: 10332: 10328: 10318: 10316: 10306: 10302: 10292: 10290: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10260: 10251: 10250: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10227:El Nuevo Herald 10219: 10215: 10205: 10203: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10173: 10158: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10132: 10128: 10118: 10116: 10107: 10106: 10102: 10092: 10090: 10089:. 21 March 2014 10081: 10080: 10076: 10061: 10057: 10047: 10045: 10036: 10035: 10031: 10021: 10019: 10010: 10009: 10005: 9995: 9993: 9984: 9983: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9931: 9927: 9917: 9915: 9905: 9901: 9882: 9878: 9868: 9866: 9857: 9856: 9852: 9837: 9833: 9826:Also available 9817: 9813: 9803: 9801: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9770:. 26 March 2014 9762: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9717: 9715: 9714:. 22 March 2014 9706: 9705: 9701: 9691: 9689: 9688:. 18 March 2014 9680: 9679: 9675: 9665: 9663: 9654: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9637: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9587: 9585: 9576: 9575: 9571: 9561: 9559: 9550: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9526:Huffington Post 9520: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9498: 9497: 9493: 9483: 9481: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9424: 9423: 9419: 9409: 9407: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9354: 9353: 9349: 9339: 9337: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9315: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9243: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9217: 9216: 9212: 9202: 9200: 9190: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9165: 9164: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9133: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9107: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9088: 9086: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9036: 9034: 9026: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8974: 8973: 8969: 8959: 8957: 8956:on 7 April 2014 8946: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8917: 8913: 8903: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8891: 8881: 8879: 8866:Yepes, Hector. 8864: 8860: 8850: 8848: 8847:on 7 March 2014 8839: 8838: 8834: 8824: 8822: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8755: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8729: 8725: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8704: 8694: 8692: 8683: 8682: 8678: 8673:Wayback Machine 8664: 8660: 8650: 8648: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8612: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8572: 8570: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8546: 8544: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8484: 8482: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8409: 8408: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8364:on 4 March 2016 8356: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8338:on 2 April 2014 8324: 8323: 8319: 8309: 8307: 8300:El Nuevo Herald 8294: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8216:on 18 July 2014 8204: 8203: 8199: 8189: 8187: 8182: 8181: 8177: 8167: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8133: 8123: 8121: 8120:on 17 July 2019 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8077: 8076: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8045: 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7989: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7821: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7801:on 5 March 2016 7789: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7741:on 1 April 2016 7729: 7728: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7703: 7702: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7656: 7647: 7646: 7642: 7632: 7630: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7606: 7604: 7603:. 28 March 2014 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7513: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7388: 7384: 7374: 7372: 7369:Huffington Post 7363: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7281: 7280: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7178: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7148: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7124: 7122: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7096: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7061:Huffington Post 7055: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7028: 7024: 7014: 7012: 7011:. 16 April 2013 7003: 7002: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6985:. 19 April 2013 6975: 6974: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6950: 6949: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6860: 6858: 6853: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6812: 6810: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6739: 6735: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6691: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6418:Hanke, John H. 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6302:Wayback Machine 6287: 6283: 6278:Wayback Machine 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6111:Rueda, Manuel. 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6092:. 26 March 2014 6084: 6083: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6025: 6024: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5866: 5862: 5852: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5780: 5778: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5702:Wayback Machine 5689: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5567:www.voanews.com 5561: 5560: 5556: 5546: 5544: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5511: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5351: 5350: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5326:on 27 July 2014 5314: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5280: 5267: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5240:Milne, Seumas. 5238: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5205: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5162: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5129: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5102:Sanchez, Nora. 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4926: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4876:. 31 March 2017 4868: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4850:. 31 March 2017 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4730: 4729: 4718: 4705: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4652: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4599: 4598: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4534: 4533: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4452: 4451: 4444: 4442: 4432: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4309: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4096: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4038: 4021: 4019: 4008: 4006: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3986: 3979: 3977: 3976:on 13 June 2016 3964: 3961: 3954: 3952: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3885:The Independent 3875: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3627: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3592: 3538: 3499: 3465: 3446: 3430: 3403: 3356:Delcy Rodríguez 3340: 3334: 3291: 3266: 3229: 3224: 3203: 3196: 3172: 3153: 3117: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3086: 3074:Guy Fawkes mask 3020: 3015: 2987:Resolution 8610 2979: 2977:Resolution 8610 2973: 2971:Resolution 8610 2914: 2829: 2668: 2652: 2647: 2538: 2514:Main articles: 2512: 2499: 2462:BBVA Provincial 2449: 2443:Public Ministry 2439: 2382: 2365: 2353: 2328: 2287:El Nuevo Herald 2279:target practice 2234: 2189: 2135:chemical weapon 2100: 2061: 2040: 2038:Use of firearms 2027: 2002: 1998: 1983:live ammunition 1959:Génesis Carmona 1947: 1905: 1899: 1894: 1831: 1825: 1747: 1741: 1688: 1637: 1625:Main articles: 1623: 1583:world standards 1572:Wayback Machine 1560: 1549: 1543: 1493: 1487: 1427:Late President 1394: 1386:Main articles: 1384: 1379: 1349:Jorge Rodriguez 1345:Delcy Rodriguez 1170: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1064: 1063: 1020: 980: 979: 970:2023 referendum 950:2017 referendum 926: 925: 847: 846: 761: 760: 712: 707: 701: 695: 689: 683: 671: 666: 660: 654: 642: 637: 631: 625: 621: 618: 612: 606: 585: 580: 557: 556: 512: 498: 490: 477: 459: 455:Antonio Ledezma 444: 429: 409: 398:Vente Venezuela 394: 385:David Smolansky 354: 343: 341: 334: 329: 327: 312: 311: 304: 269: 247: 236: 234: 227: 220: 215: 214: 206: 182: 181: 152: 141: 129: 128: 125: 124: 105: 100: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 87: 86: 85: 84: 77: 68: 67: 66: 59: 50: 49: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14977: 14967: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14949:2020s protests 14946: 14944:2010s protests 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14900: 14891: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14835: 14833: 14829: 14828: 14825: 14824: 14822: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14787:Come Venezuela 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14756: 14751: 14745: 14743: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14685: 14684: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14667:Media outlets 14665: 14664: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14640: 14635: 14629: 14627: 14620: 14616: 14615: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14582: 14581: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14441:Rafael Ramírez 14438: 14437: 14436: 14431:L. Ortega Díaz 14428: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14413: 14408: 14402: 14400: 14396: 14395: 14393: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14306: 14305: 14297: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14285:L. Ortega Díaz 14282: 14281: 14280: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14221: 14220: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14195:Nicolás Maduro 14191: 14189: 14182: 14178: 14177: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14119: 14117: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14109: 14103: 14101: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14080: 14074: 14072: 14065: 14061: 14060: 14057: 14056: 14054: 14053: 14048: 14047: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14010: 14008: 14004: 14003: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13969: 13967: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13959: 13954: 13952:Arauca clashes 13948: 13946: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13938: 13933: 13927: 13925: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13916: 13915: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13851: 13850: 13849: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13748: 13746: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13674: 13672: 13668: 13667: 13665: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13584: 13582: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13547: 13546: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13510: 13508: 13504: 13503: 13501: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13489: 13488: 13478: 13472: 13470: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13441: 13439: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13404: 13403: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13377: 13375: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13360:Pemon conflict 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13315:U.S. sanctions 13308: 13303: 13301:Hyperinflation 13298: 13293: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13227: 13225: 13218: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13178: 13177: 13170: 13163: 13155: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13142: 13137: 13130: 13129: 13122: 13114: 13113: 13110: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13063:Miss Venezuela 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13039: 13037: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12961: 12955: 12949: 12948: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12924:Stock Exchange 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12884: 12879: 12873: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12857: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12824: 12822: 12814: 12813: 12811: 12810: 12808:Come Venezuela 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12784: 12782: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12739: 12737: 12726: 12717: 12716: 12711: 12710: 12709: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12692: 12690:Vice President 12687: 12677: 12676: 12675: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12618: 12613: 12612: 12611: 12601: 12596: 12590: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12558:National parks 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12528: 12518: 12512: 12506: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12455:Vargas tragedy 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12430:Puntofijo Pact 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12410:1902–03 crisis 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12356: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12332: 12331: 12324: 12317: 12309: 12303: 12302: 12292: 12291:External links 12289: 12287: 12286: 12256: 12225: 12214:. 1 March 2014 12199: 12168: 12137: 12111: 12085: 12055: 12029: 12001: 11982: 11963: 11932: 11906: 11878: 11852: 11834: 11808: 11778: 11748: 11722: 11691: 11661: 11635: 11609: 11583: 11560: 11537: 11521: 11498: 11482: 11453: 11426: 11398: 11380:Steve Almasy. 11372: 11346: 11320: 11290: 11261: 11250:on 20 May 2014 11228: 11206: 11184: 11173:on 6 June 2014 11158: 11132: 11106: 11080: 11054: 11030: 11001: 10971: 10945: 10934:. 5 April 2014 10919: 10902:Noticias24.com 10889: 10861: 10833: 10822:. The Guardian 10810: 10791:Bajak, Frank. 10780: 10747: 10716: 10686: 10660: 10634: 10607: 10581: 10554: 10524: 10498: 10472: 10446: 10420: 10390: 10372: 10352: 10326: 10300: 10270: 10244: 10233:on 30 May 2014 10213: 10183: 10152: 10126: 10100: 10074: 10055: 10029: 10003: 9977: 9951: 9925: 9899: 9876: 9850: 9841:New York Times 9831: 9811: 9781: 9755: 9725: 9699: 9673: 9647: 9621: 9595: 9569: 9543: 9513: 9491: 9480:. 5 March 2014 9465: 9459:Bloomberg News 9445: 9431: 9417: 9389: 9361: 9347: 9325: 9297: 9270: 9237: 9210: 9184: 9158: 9124: 9096: 9070: 9044: 9019: 8993: 8967: 8937: 8911: 8889: 8858: 8832: 8806: 8776: 8749: 8723: 8702: 8676: 8658: 8632: 8606: 8580: 8554: 8528: 8510: 8492: 8462: 8445:Carota Digital 8432: 8402: 8375: 8349: 8317: 8287: 8257: 8246:on 4 June 2016 8227: 8197: 8175: 8153: 8131: 8098: 8070: 8038: 8005: 7983: 7955: 7927: 7899: 7873: 7862: 7841: 7812: 7782: 7752: 7722: 7696: 7666: 7640: 7614: 7588: 7558: 7532: 7506: 7480: 7458: 7436: 7405: 7382: 7356: 7330: 7300: 7274: 7257:Noticias24.com 7244: 7227:Noticias24.com 7214: 7188: 7158: 7132: 7106: 7095:. 12 June 2013 7078: 7048: 7022: 6996: 6965: 6938: 6912: 6890: 6868: 6846: 6820: 6790: 6759: 6733: 6711: 6682: 6656: 6630: 6600: 6570: 6548: 6518: 6496: 6481: 6459: 6448:on 21 May 2014 6433: 6410: 6380: 6358: 6336: 6306: 6281: 6257: 6226: 6204: 6181: 6155: 6130: 6103: 6074: 6048: 6015: 5991: 5961: 5938: 5912: 5886: 5860: 5834: 5828:978-0742562134 5827: 5809: 5788: 5757: 5735: 5705: 5680: 5662: 5634: 5608: 5590: 5572: 5554: 5524: 5502: 5489:United Nations 5476: 5450: 5424: 5413:on 13 May 2014 5369: 5337: 5307: 5278: 5258: 5227: 5186: 5151: 5120: 5094: 5063: 5032: 5003: 4981: 4952: 4917: 4887: 4861: 4833: 4801: 4787:Deutsche Welle 4773: 4759:Deutsche Welle 4745: 4716: 4699: 4688:. 7 March 2014 4673: 4643: 4618: 4587: 4554: 4524: 4513:on 17 May 2020 4492: 4466: 4426: 4400: 4370: 4345: 4317: 4292: 4264: 4236: 4206: 4188: 4157: 4134: 4106: 4078: 4050: 3996:. 14 June 2016 3939: 3932: 3902: 3866: 3832: 3806: 3780: 3750: 3724: 3698: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3616: 3613: 3608: 3591: 3588: 3537: 3534: 3498: 3495: 3464: 3461: 3445: 3442: 3429: 3426: 3402: 3399: 3336:Main article: 3333: 3330: 3290: 3287: 3265: 3262: 3228: 3227:Domestic media 3225: 3223: 3220: 3195: 3192: 3180:Puerto La Cruz 3171: 3168: 3152: 3149: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3084:Public opinion 3082: 3031:Lilian Tintori 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 2975:Main article: 2972: 2969: 2913: 2910: 2879:, a leader of 2877:Carlos Vecchio 2828: 2825: 2725:Edward Snowden 2667: 2664: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2582:Following the 2579:in late 2016. 2511: 2508: 2447:Ramón Muchacho 2438: 2435: 2381: 2378: 2364: 2361: 2352: 2349: 2327: 2324: 2188: 2185: 2161:Mónica Kräuter 2099: 2096: 2047:Lilian Tintori 2039: 2036: 2026: 2023: 1987: 1901:Main article: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1882:Leopoldo López 1862:National Guard 1850:Nicolás Maduro 1827:Main article: 1824: 1821: 1774:Miss Venezuela 1743:Main article: 1740: 1737: 1683:hyperinflation 1679:Price controls 1622: 1619: 1545:Main article: 1542: 1539: 1527:Leopoldo López 1489:Main article: 1486: 1483: 1479:Nicolás Maduro 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1324:Leopoldo Lopez 1308:United Nations 1275:Nicolas Maduro 1265:hunger strikes 1201:Nicolás Maduro 1190:Miss Venezuela 1172: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1161: 1154: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069:Armed violence 1066: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 992: 989: 988: 982: 981: 978: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 936: 933: 932: 928: 927: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 857: 854: 853: 849: 848: 845: 844: 842:Pemon conflict 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 807:Hyperinflation 804: 799: 798: 797: 792: 790:2024 blackouts 787: 785:2019 blackouts 777: 775:Refugee crisis 771: 768: 767: 763: 762: 759: 758: 753: 748: 742: 739: 738: 734: 733: 725: 724: 714: 713: 711: 710: 704: 698: 692: 686: 679: 677: 673: 672: 670: 669: 663: 657: 650: 648: 644: 643: 641: 640: 634: 628: 622: 615: 609: 602: 600: 596: 595: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 581: 579: 578: 571: 564: 563: 559: 558: 555: 554: 548: 543: 538: 532: 527: 525:Nicolás Maduro 513: 511: 510: 497: 496: 476: 475: 470: 468:Lilian Tintori 458: 457: 443: 442: 428: 427: 422: 420:Juan Requesens 408: 407: 393: 392: 387: 382: 380:Leopoldo López 369: 368: 365: 364: 360: 359: 356: 355: 353: 352: 303: 302: 301: 300: 292: 291: 290: 272: 270: 268: 267: 266: 265: 262: 261: 260: 246: 245: 219: 218: 174: 167: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 148: 144: 143: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 104: 103: 94: 93: 92: 91: 90: 78: 71: 70: 69: 60: 53: 52: 51: 42: 41: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 33: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14976: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14921: 14919: 14904: 14901: 14898: 14897: 14893: 14892: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14844:Guaire miners 14842: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14834: 14830: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14772:Justice First 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14759: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14744: 14740: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14624: 14621: 14619:Organizations 14617: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14601:J. P. Guanipa 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14579: 14578: 14577: 14576:M. C. Figuera 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14551:V. S. Scarano 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14511:Pérez Álvarez 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14439: 14434: 14433: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14419: 14418: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14401: 14397: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14365:M. C. Figuera 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14303: 14302: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14288: 14287: 14286: 14283: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14215:T. El Aissami 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14186: 14183: 14179: 14169: 14168:Xiomara Scott 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14158:Fabián Urbina 14156: 14154: 14153:Neomar Lander 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14123:Paola Ramírez 14121: 14120: 14118: 14114: 14108: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082:Robert Redman 14081: 14079: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14066: 14062: 14052: 14049: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14009: 14005: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13964: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13943: 13937: 13936:Apure clashes 13934: 13932: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13922: 13913: 13912: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13848: 13845: 13844: 13843: 13842:2019 protests 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13743: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13721: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13688:Valencia fire 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13675: 13673: 13669: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13656: 13655:2017 protests 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13624: 13621: 13620: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13585: 13583: 13579: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13505: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13487: 13484: 13483: 13482: 13481:2014 protests 13479: 13477: 13474: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13436: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13419:Amuay tragedy 13417: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13378: 13376: 13372: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13291: 13287: 13286:Energy crisis 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13246:Bolivarianism 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13222: 13219: 13215: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13183: 13176: 13171: 13169: 13164: 13162: 13157: 13156: 13153: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13127: 13123: 13120: 13116: 13115: 13111: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13085: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12962: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12862: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12815: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12788:Justice First 12786: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12775: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12721: 12715: 12712: 12708: 12705: 12704: 12703: 12700: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12674: 12671: 12670: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12623: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12610: 12607: 12606: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12527: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12501: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12435:El Carupanazo 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12380: 12379:reunification 12376: 12375:Gran Colombia 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12330: 12325: 12323: 12318: 12316: 12311: 12310: 12307: 12301: 12299: 12295: 12294: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12229: 12213: 12209: 12203: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12172: 12156: 12152: 12148: 12141: 12125: 12121: 12115: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12073: 12069: 12068:El Carabobeno 12065: 12059: 12043: 12039: 12033: 12018: 12017: 12012: 12005: 11998: 11994: 11991: 11986: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11967: 11951: 11947: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11920: 11916: 11910: 11894: 11893: 11888: 11882: 11867: 11863: 11856: 11849:(in Spanish). 11848: 11844: 11838: 11822: 11818: 11812: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11752: 11736: 11732: 11726: 11710: 11706: 11702: 11695: 11680:on 4 May 2014 11679: 11675: 11671: 11665: 11649: 11645: 11639: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11598: 11594: 11587: 11571: 11564: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11541: 11530: 11525: 11514: 11510: 11507: 11502: 11491: 11486: 11471: 11467: 11460: 11458: 11441: 11437: 11430: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11402: 11387: 11383: 11376: 11361: 11357: 11350: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11308: 11304: 11303:Press Release 11300: 11294: 11279: 11275: 11268: 11266: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11216: 11210: 11194: 11188: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11146: 11142: 11136: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11094: 11090: 11084: 11069: 11065: 11058: 11050: 11046: 11039: 11037: 11035: 11018: 11014: 11008: 11006: 10989: 10985: 10984:Press Release 10981: 10975: 10960: 10956: 10949: 10933: 10929: 10923: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10893: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10865: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10837: 10821: 10814: 10799:on 4 May 2014 10798: 10794: 10787: 10785: 10769: 10768: 10763: 10756: 10754: 10752: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10720: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10690: 10674: 10670: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10622: 10618: 10611: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10569: 10565: 10558: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10528: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10487: 10483: 10476: 10461: 10457: 10450: 10435: 10431: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10397: 10395: 10386: 10382: 10376: 10365: 10359: 10357: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10315: 10311: 10304: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10274: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10217: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10172:on 3 May 2014 10171: 10167: 10163: 10156: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10114: 10110: 10104: 10088: 10084: 10078: 10070: 10066: 10059: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10007: 9991: 9987: 9981: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9940: 9936: 9929: 9914: 9910: 9903: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9880: 9864: 9860: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9835: 9829: 9823: 9815: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9785: 9769: 9765: 9759: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9729: 9713: 9709: 9703: 9687: 9683: 9677: 9661: 9657: 9651: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9609: 9605: 9599: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9557: 9553: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9517: 9501: 9495: 9479: 9475: 9469: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9441: 9435: 9427: 9421: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9393: 9377: 9376: 9371: 9365: 9357: 9351: 9335: 9329: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9301: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9274: 9259:on 8 May 2016 9258: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9241: 9226: 9225: 9220: 9214: 9199: 9195: 9188: 9172: 9168: 9162: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9131: 9129: 9113: 9106: 9100: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9007: 9003: 8997: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8955: 8951: 8944: 8942: 8926: 8922: 8915: 8899: 8893: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8862: 8846: 8842: 8836: 8820: 8816: 8810: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8780: 8764: 8760: 8753: 8738: 8734: 8727: 8712: 8706: 8690: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8662: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8621: 8617: 8610: 8594: 8590: 8584: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8543:. 13 May 2014 8542: 8538: 8532: 8524: 8520: 8514: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8390: 8386: 8379: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8185: 8179: 8163: 8157: 8141: 8135: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8113:Efecto Cocuyo 8109: 8102: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8074: 8058: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8021: 8016: 8009: 7994: 7987: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7931: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7866: 7851: 7845: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7817: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7726: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7628: 7624: 7618: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7520: 7516: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7484: 7468: 7462: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7393: 7386: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7288: 7287:El Espectador 7284: 7278: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7162: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7120: 7116: 7110: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7082: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7010: 7006: 7000: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6972: 6970: 6953: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6927:. 10 May 2013 6926: 6922: 6916: 6900: 6894: 6878: 6872: 6856: 6850: 6834: 6830: 6824: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6763: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6721: 6715: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6687: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6558: 6552: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6506: 6500: 6492: 6491:The Economist 6485: 6469: 6463: 6447: 6443: 6437: 6421: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6368: 6362: 6346: 6340: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6261: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6214: 6208: 6192: 6185: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6003: 6002: 5995: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5949: 5942: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5900: 5899:Press Release 5896: 5890: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5848: 5847:Press Release 5844: 5838: 5830: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5798: 5792: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5745: 5739: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5507: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5263: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5127: 5125: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5020: 5016: 5010: 5008: 4991: 4985: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4924: 4922: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4837: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4575: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4543: 4542: 4541:The Economist 4537: 4531: 4529: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4481:. 5 July 2018 4480: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4456: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4162: 4145: 4138: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4067:. 23 May 2017 4066: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4047: 4037: 4033: 4017: 4016: 4011: 3995: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3936: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3873: 3871: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3619: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3576:Andrés Izarra 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3453: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3339: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293:According to 3289:Foreign media 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3233: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3164: 3163:Justice First 3159: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3116: 3113: 3106: 3095: 3081: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3010: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814:—the head of 2813: 2812:Hugo Carvajal 2808: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2741:United States 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 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1968: 1960: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1909: 1904: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1746: 1739:Violent crime 1736: 1733: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1704: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513:San Cristóbal 1510: 1506: 1497: 1492: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:anti-American 1430: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1389: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 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Guanipa 14591:O. Barboza 14580:since 2019 14556:L. Tintori 14541:M. Rosales 14536:F. Rosales 14491:A. Ledezma 14486:F. Guevara 14445:since 2018 14435:since 2017 14420:since 2013 14385:I. Alfonzo 14369:until 2019 14355:E. Amoroso 14340:T. W. Saab 14330:J. Arreaza 14304:until 2018 14300:R. Ramírez 14289:until 2017 14279:until 2013 14255:I. Alfonzo 14240:A. Istúriz 14230:T. W. Saab 14225:H. Escarrá 14205:D. Cabello 14188:Pro-Maduro 13988:Referendum 13875:Cagua fire 13608:Referendum 13271:Defections 13266:Corruption 13251:Censorship 13053:Literature 12985:Healthcare 12485:Civil wars 12212:La Patilla 12098:La Patilla 12016:The Nation 11892:La Patilla 11821:La Patilla 11761:YoYo Press 11735:La Patilla 11119:La Patilla 11093:La Patilla 10673:La Patilla 10594:La Patilla 10537:Globovison 10314:Marti News 10113:La Patilla 10016:La Patilla 9990:La Patilla 9712:La Patilla 9686:La Patilla 9660:La Patilla 9608:La Patilla 9582:La Patilla 9556:Al Jazeera 9403:La Patilla 9375:La Patilla 9311:La Patilla 9141:PanAm Post 8593:La Patilla 8415:YoYo Press 8052:La Patilla 7969:La Patilla 7941:La Patilla 7913:La Patilla 7765:PanAm Post 7709:La Patilla 7545:La Patilla 7398:1 December 7394:. 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