314:...." and is currently the only important harbor on Providence Bay. It is a fjord in its own right, about 14 km from the mouth of Providence Bay and about 1.5 x 6 km in extent with depths shown from 6 to 15 fathoms (11 to 27 m). Besides Emma Harbor there are three or four other sheltered anchorages within Providence Bay that are named by early writers: Port Providence, Cache Bay (also Ked Bay or Cash Cove), Telegraph Harbor, and Snug Harbor. Port Providence (now Buhkta Slavyanka or Reid Plover) is the anchorage behind Plover Spit, which provides a natural breakwater. It currently serves as the quarantine and hazardous cargo anchorage for Provideniya. Plover Spit is called Napkum Spit in an 1869 account; it projects into the bay from the eastern shore about 8 km from the mouth of the fjord. It has its origin in the moraine left by the glacier that carved the fjord. The tip of the spit is Mys Gaydamak. Cache bay is the cove in the eastern shore of the fjord, north of Emma Harbor. Snug Harbor is located near the head of the bay, behind Whale Island. Telegraph Harbor is named for the
287:
636:, of a district judge, and of an Estonian trader, Bally Thompson, who maintained a store there. Baron Kleist's house, built of squared logs with curlicue trim cut from planks, stood on the eastern shore of the bay between two outbuildings. It was put up about 1909 at a cost of about $ 15,000, with materials brought up from Vladivostok. In 1926, Yupik people from Provideniya Bay were recruited to settle Wrangel Island. In 1930, Provideniya Bay served as a temporary base for Soviet aircraft to evacuate passengers from the Soviet steamer Stavropol, frozen in off Mys Schmitda on the northern coast of Chukotka. These aircraft were delivered by the icebreaker
307:. Providence Bay is about 8 km wide at its mouth and 34 km long (measured along the midline). It is about 4 km wide through much of its length below Emma Harbor, and about 2.5 km wide just above the juncture. The lower part of the bay runs roughly northeast, while the upper part (above the branch shown as Ked Bay) dog-legs north and is about 2 km wide. Depth soundings (USCGS 1928) show 19 fathoms (35 m) at the entrance and a maximum depth of 82 fathoms (150 m). A more recent chart (USCS 2000) shows depths of 10 to 11 fathoms (18 to 20 m) at the entrance.
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harbor, where the ship remained moored. The crew members alleged that Lass had planned on overwintering, subjecting them to hardship and extending their service in violation of their contract. The court ruled for the seamen, holding that although intention was not proved, Captain Lass's actions amounted to recklessness. Whymper describes witnessing the pursuit and processing of whales within the bay in 1866. In 1871, the whaling bark
62:
462:, damaged by ice, limped or was towed into Plover Bay to attempt repairs. According to John Spears colorful account, Captain Hayes had taken his ship through the ice to reach open water off the Siberian coast, hoping to have the large schools of whales near Plover Bay to himself, but the ship hit a large ice floe. The
334:
observatories (see below). The U.S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey charts show the village at the base of the spit as Rirak, and starting in 1928 show a village Uredlak on the south shore of Emma Harbor The Soviet-era village of Plover was probably located on the mainland near the spit; it was damaged by
457:
of
Honolulu which wintered in Plover Bay 1858-9 after staying too late into the fall. Captain Lass maintained he had become icebound unintentionally having entered the bay to take on water and remained because of the good whaling. The whaling in this instance was done from boats operating from the
607:
took on coal at Plover Bay. This was
Russian government coal, piled on the bank; there is no indication the coaling station had any resident staff. John Muir, aboard the Corwin as naturalist, took advantage of these stops to make geological observations in the mountains east of the fjord
671:
visited there in July 1899 and produced many good photographs illustrating topography and native life. John Muir noted that by 1899 there were around fifty
Chukchis living in a dozen huts covered with walrus hide, already "spoiled by the contact with civilization of the whaler seamen".
355:(a freshwater lake named after the English toponym "East Head"; called Lake Moore in some English-language sources ). It was reportedly abandoned in 1942 due to concern it could be hit by Soviet Navy shells; another source has it evacuated in 1941 to make way for
452:
The area around
Providence Bay provided good whaling in the early days, particularly in the fall; this may account for some of its popularity as a wintering spot. In 1860, the Supreme Court of Hawaii ruled in favor of eight seamen of the whaling brig
615:, referring in passing to "the white men's trading station at Plover Bay". It is not clear whether Dall meant an established trading post, or simply a rendezvous. As late as 1880, the only settlement mentioned by an anonymous visitor on the
322:
chart shows the entire upper portion of the fjord as
Vsadnik Bay. The Asiatic Pilot of 1909 refers to Vladimir Bay and Cache Bay, separated by Popov point, and notes that the bays are shallower above this point.
302:
The entrance to
Providence Bay is delineated by Mys Lysaya Golova (East Head, Baldhead Point) on the east and by Mys Lesovskogo on the west. Mys Lysaya Golova is about 7 miles (11 km) west-northwest of
466:
was subsequently abandoned in the bay; in Spears account, she was tipped on her side for repairs when a hatch gave way, flooding and sinking the ship in minutes. By 1880, a visitor on the schooner
1821:
251:. On October 17, 1848, Moore anchored his ship in a safe harbor; he is given credit for the name Providence Bay and for the first successful wintering of a ship in Bering Sea region. Lieutenant
1826:
1812:
470:
found the village on the spit much reduced; whales were no longer abundant and many residents had moved west in search of better hunting. The village dogs had all died due to lack of food.
691:
five border patrol boats stationed in
Provideniya stayed idle at the port for three years due to lack of fuel. Ureliki, a military city, is reportedly now abandoned, but the adjacent
676:
noted that "they were not shy of our cameras and freely admitted us to the greasy and smoky interiors of their dwellings" and "some of the natives showed a strain of
European blood."
679:
In 1921, there were reported efforts by Japan to assert control of the area, and the strategic importance of the bay was noted by an
American writer . Two Soviet-era settlements,
629:
unloaded cargo at Vladimir Station; this was the former revenue cutter that carried Muir in 1881. By 1913 Emma Harbor was the home of baron Kleist, the Russian administrator for
335:
a landslide and the inhabitants (including some relocated from Ureliki) were relocated to Provideniya. Nasskatulok, a Yupik village at the head of Plover Bay was reported by
625:
was a native village. The Northeastern Siberian Company had a trading station, called Vladimir, on Plover Bay from at latest 1903 until about 1910. In 1908 the steamer
1836:
1831:
1807:
1473:
Ten Months Among the Tents of the Tuski: With Incidents of an Arctic Boat Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as Far as the Mackenzie River, and Cape Bathurst
201:
of northeastern Siberia. It was a popular rendezvous, wintering spot, and provisioning spot for whalers and traders in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
1917:
100:
659:
Emma Harbor and Providence Bay were favored sites for scientific observers. These included investigators from the US Naval Observatory attempting to observe the
1902:
437:) described the mountains around Plover Bay as "composed of an infinite number of fragments split up by action of frost... innumerable and many-coloured
229:
1602:
1612:
395:
Providence Bay and Emma Harbor do not appear on maps before 1850; it is thought they were visited by whalers in the period 1845-48 just prior to the
1845:
318:
of 1866-1867 which wintered there (remains of Western Union cabin were reportedly still standing in 1960). It may be the same as Snug Harbor. The
1592:
483:
683:
and Ureliki, were built on Komsomolskaya Bay in the 20th century, and the bay was used as a naval harbor. It was the major supply point for the
1058:
1870:
1632:
1397:
1618:
225:) but was commonly used as a synonym for Providence Bay; Russian 19th century sources used the term for an anchorage within Providence Bay.
537:
1398:"Plover Bay, Provideniya Raion, Russia: A Potential Component of the Beringian Heritage International Park. Beringia Days 2008 (abstract)"
504:
1652:
Query Bering; select preview for year wanted (dates 1911, 1916, 1923, 1928, 1933, 1938). Click desired location to enlarge and center.
640:; the passengers, transported by aircraft and sledge, wintered at Provideniya Bay and were picked up by the Stavropol the next July.
1290:
837:
818:
319:
279:
359:; yet another source has it occupied into the 1950s. The USCGS chart shows a village Akatlak just west of the mouth of the bay.
1878:
478:
1737:
1562:
1365:
1320:
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on coastal trading, distributed to local Chukchis printed leaflets addressed to foreign merchants. He then headed north to
1506:
1582:
720:
326:
Plover Spit is site of an abandoned Eskimo village with characteristic semi-underground houses, a more recent village of
1656:
Owen, Thomas C. (2008). "Chukchi gold: American enterprise and Russian xenophobia in the Northeastern Siberia Company".
54:
1709:
1688:
1516:
1424:
755:
259:
attributes the name Port Emma (or Emma's Harbor) to Captain Moore but provides no explanation of the choice of name.
746:
1837:
Frame of winter house of Eskimo at Plover Bay. The posts are jaw bones of whales. The filling between them is turf.
1463:
Volume 30 of Bulletin (Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology) Reprint Digital Scanning, Inc., 2003.
1388:
Fisher, Raymond H. (ed) (1981) The Voyage of Semen Dezhnev in 1648: Bering's precursor, with selected documents.
445:
are the only vegetation to be seen, except on a patch of open green country near Emma Harbour, where domesticated
1912:
660:
331:
286:
709:
1583:"The Pacific coast.; The Astronomical expedition to Siberia unsuccessful--the sun obscured during the eclipse."
415:
1832:
Eskimo village at Plover Bay. Skin house for summer use on the left. Turf wall of a winter house on the right.
1699:
1270:
The last voyage of the Karluk : flagship of Vilhjalmar Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-16
1922:
1827:
Eskimo summer houses, or topeks, constructed of reindeer skins stretched over poles. View looking toward sea.
1484:
Krupnik, Igor; Chlenov, Mikhail (2007). "The end of "Eskimo land": Yupik relocation in Chukotka, 1958-1959".
616:
248:
1887:
418:
Expedition, visited Plover Bay in September 1865, having just missed encounter with "the famed and dreaded"
491:
1419:(in Russian). Petropavlosk: Kamchatsky knizhny dvor (Петропавловск-Камчатский: Камчатский книжный двор).
528:
did not meet any merchant boats, but found evidence of recent trading with America (including unfinished
1536:
The Cruise of the Corwin: Journal of the Arctic Expedition of 1881 in Search of De Long and the Jeanette
1410:
1280:
Nineteenth century commercial shipping losses in the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, and Beaufort Sea
1264:
668:
556:
told Russians that one of the missing ships sank with no survivors; the other crew was already safe in
315:
1808:
East coast of Plover Bay showing the change in character at the point where the spit leaves the shore.
1907:
1279:
684:
597:
1678:
1640:
1460:
1401:
704:
311:
429:, member of this expedition, reported that by this time "it was no uncommon thing to find several
726:
692:
210:
545:, apart from surveys and border control, was tasked with rescuing crews of two missing American
926:
621:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1771:
1758:
1467:
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1446:
603:
252:
218:
205:(now Komsomolskaya Bay) is a large sheltered bay in the eastern shore of Providence Bay.
8:
1762:
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714:
663:, several ornithological collectors, geologists, and the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (
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513:
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1471:
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832:
573:
1530:
1822:
Eskimo woman and children in camp dressed in reindeer-skin parkas and sealskin boots.
1785:
1733:
1705:
1704:(in Russian). SZKI, Arkhangelsk (Архангельск, Северо-Западное книжное издательство).
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1558:
1534:
1512:
1420:
1316:
1230:
759:
751:
426:
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198:
1875:
1605:; American hunter brings ne specimens—complains of Japanese interference." Page XX12
601:, also searching for the lost whalers and for the missing US exploration vessel USS
1665:
1493:
340:
182:
40:
1378:
Reports of a Portion of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands
1882:
1727:
1552:
1389:
1331:
1310:
524:(then Cape Severny, or North Cape in English usage) and safely returned to base.
502:
for alcohol. In 1876 the mission was continued by captain Novosilsky on board of
310:
Emma Harbor has been described as "the best harbor on the Asiatic coast north of
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267:
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688:
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521:
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1850:
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367:
1791:
Travel and adventure in the territory of Alaska: formerly Russian America
680:
206:
1439:
Reports on Observations of the Total Eclipse of the Sun, August 7, 1869
1434:
244:
137:
1774:
Issues 122–126; Issue 162 of H.O. pub. Gov. Printing Off., Washington.
387:
1526:
1497:
630:
434:
235:, a British ship which overwintered in Emma Harbor in 1848–1849. HMS
550:
446:
379:
Two native women of Plover Bay, photographed by E.W. Nelson of the
352:
240:
1593:"Cruising in the arctic; the Yukon at St. Paul and at Plover Bay"
1263:
546:
474:
430:
402:
s visit. Providence Bay was probably visited by Russian explorer
327:
132:
1525:
579:; both ships headed north to Bering Strait but soon separated.
438:
150:
1777:
West, Ellsworth Luce (1965) as told to Eleanor Ransom Mayhew.
723:
Professor Hall's sketch map of Plover Bay and Emma Harbor 1869
717:
Map from a 1906 atlas - identifies Cache Bay, Mount Kennicott
529:
347:
1898) There were also villages on the coast. Aiwan (Avan), a
194:
1779:
Captain's papers: a log of whaling and other sea experiences
1554:
John of the mountains: the unpublished journals of John Muir
633:
442:
1508:
Russian Arctic Seas: Navigational conditions and accidents
1312:
Far and Near: The Writings of John Burroughs Part Thirteen
1338:. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 79–86.
564:
found and resupplied the German scientific expedition of
1725:
217:
in English sources sometimes refers specifically to the
1461:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Volume 3.
1226:
Russia and East Asia: 21st Century Security Environment
486:
anchored in Providence Bay. Tyrtov, ordered to enforce
1746:
351:
village, lay east of the bay between the sea and Lake
221:
behind Napkum Spit within Providence Bay (also called
1466:
1445:. Government Printing Office. Washington: B199–B218.
838:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
687:
region during World War II. After the breakup of the
1722:
Phoenix (Orion Books) London, paperback edition 2003
1332:"Report of northern cruise, Coast Guard cutter Bear"
710:
List of inhabited localities in Providensky District
433:
vessels lying inside in summer". Whymper (and later
391:
Bally Thompson, Estonian trader at Emma Harbor, 1921
271:
East coast of Providence Bay above Plover Spit, 1899
1729:
Eye of the whale: epic passage from Baja to Siberia
1639:. Office of Coast Survey, NOAA, USA. Archived from
1253:
Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington
1784:
1630:
1504:
1201:New York Times, November 27, 1921; March 21, 1922
1894:
1360:
1342:
1288:
498:, an American merchant boat involved in trading
93:
1918:Ports and harbours of the Russian Pacific Coast
1408:
1305:
1222:
512:anchored in Plover Bay July 5, 1876, performed
1575:19, Jan 23, 1879, p 270. "Geographical notes".
1483:
1336:Annual report of the United States Coast Guard
516:of the area and then headed north; she passed
371:A winter house on the spit at Plover Bay, 1899
1720:The Shaman's Coat A Native history of Siberia
1243:
655:coaling from a freighter at Emma Harbor, 1913
32:
1903:Bodies of water of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
1697:
813:
811:
595:. In the same year, the U.S. revenue cutter
587:(then Cape Vostochny) and turned back while
74:Location of Providence Bay in the Bering Sea
1433:
1770:United States Hydrographic Office (1909).
1676:
1623:Supreme Court of Washington Sept 18, 1905
1546:
1437:(1870). "Report of Professor Asaph Hall".
1249:"Boundary line between Alaska and Siberia"
936:
934:
611:An article from 1879 quotes a letter from
549:ships, however, soon the crew of American
1057:Brother of future Imperial Navy minister
808:
747:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
1701:Avtography na karte (Автографы на карте)
1478:Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski.
1395:
642:
386:
374:
366:
293:
285:
274:
266:
1620:Nielsen v Northeastern Siberian Company
1329:
1105:Nielsen v Northeastern Siberian Company
931:
320:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
280:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
1895:
1866:Provideniya Bay looking toward the sea
1767:The Macmillan Company, NY, pp 410–414
61:
1315:. Kessinger Publishing reprint 2004.
1223:Arbatov, Alexey; et al. (1999).
792:
790:
339:(observed 1881) but not mentioned by
239:with captain Thomas E. L. Moore left
1764:The story of the New England whalers
1655:
967:Russel, Given p505; Petit Fute; Reid
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
406:in 1660 but his explorations of the
1726:Russell, Dick; Given, Eben (2004).
1354:Dall Alaska and its resources 1870.
721:File:Plover Bay Sketch Map 1869.PNG
13:
1291:"On the track of an unknown sheep"
917:New York Times, September 23, 1869
787:
316:Western Union Telegraph Expedition
14:
1934:
1799:
1557:. University of Wisconsin Press.
850:New York Times, November 27, 1921
769:
1750:Hunting in the Arctic and Alaska
1637:Historical map and chart project
859:New York Times,November 21, 1880
213:stand on the Komsomolskaya Bay.
60:
53:
27:Emma Harbor, Plover Bay, Ureliki
1813:Eskimos in umiak alongside the
1747:Scull, Edward Marshall (1914).
1204:
1195:
1186:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
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298:Emma Harbor 1921 with USCG Bear
228:Plover Bay takes its name from
871:
862:
853:
844:
820:Sailing Directions (Enroute),
799:
738:
1:
1781:; Barre Publishers, Barre, MA
1267:& Hale, Ralph T. (1916).
1216:
197:in the southern coast of the
1633:"Bering Sea nautical charts"
1048:New York Times, Nov 21, 1880
541:anchored in Providence Bay.
290:Emma Harbor 1849 (by HOOPER)
262:
209:and Ureliki settlements and
7:
1613:"Japanese in the far north"
1505:Marchenko Nataliya (2012).
1352:. Lee and Shepard, Boston.
698:
667:observations) in 1921. The
10:
1939:
1412:Vdol kamchatskih beregov (
1278:Bockstoce, John R. (2006)
669:Harriman Alaska Expedition
532:barrels) in Chukchi huts.
416:Russian–American Telegraph
410:were not widely reported.
362:
1658:Pacific Historical Review
1569:(reprint of 1938 edition)
1289:Burnham, John B. (1922).
1283:The Northern Mariner, XVI
186:
168:
160:
156:
143:
131:
92:
82:
48:
33:
31:
26:
21:
1846:Provideniya on Wikimapia
1772:Asiatic pilot, Volume 1.
1670:10.1525/phr.2008.77.1.49
1631:Office of Coast Survey.
1414:Вдоль камчатских берегов
1409:Gavrilov, S. V. (2003).
1349:Alaska and its Resources
1071:The Cruise of the Corwin
958:Petit Fute; Hooper; Hall
732:
705:List of fjords of Russia
568:. At Saint Lawrence Bay
520:, turned west, reaching
243:in January 1848 for the
172:150 m (490 ft)
1683:. Avant Garde, Moscow.
1539:. Houghton Mifflin Co.
727:Provideniya Bay Airport
693:Provideniya Bay Airport
357:coast-defense artillery
211:Provideniya Bay Airport
164:34 km (21 mi)
1913:Bays of the Bering Sea
1888:More photos of Ureliki
1794:. London: John Murray.
1581:, September 23, 1869,
1330:Cochran, C.S. (1915).
1273:. McClelland, Toronto.
1210:Arbatov et al., p. 147
1192:Burroughs, pp. 109-110
927:Office of Coast Survey
744:Transliteration as in
656:
392:
384:
372:
299:
291:
283:
272:
116:64.41667°N 173.40000°W
1876:Ureliki photo gallery
1759:Spears, John Randolph
1753:. John C. Winston co.
1698:Popov, S. V. (1990).
1601:, November 27, 1921.
1591:, November 21, 1880.
1531:William Frederic Badè
1476:. J. Murray, London.
1468:Hooper, William Hulme
1457:Hodge, Frederick Webb
1404:on 29 September 2011.
1181:John of the mountains
890:Russell, Given p. 482
879:John of the Mountains
646:
494:where he intercepted
390:
378:
370:
297:
289:
278:
270:
1923:Providensky District
1871:Ureliki on Wikimapia
1486:Études/Inuit/Studies
824:East Coast of Russia
647:Russian icebreakers
253:William Hulme Hooper
121:64.41667; -173.40000
1677:Petit Fute (2006).
1625:Pacific Reporter 82
1549:Wolfe, Linnie Marsh
1547:Muir, John (1979).
1451:1870USNOM...7B...1.
1295:Scribner's Magazine
1265:Bartlett, Robert A.
750:(3rd edition 1997)
715:File:Plover Bai.PNG
613:William Healey Dall
514:hydrographic survey
249:Franklin Expedition
112: /
1881:2021-01-23 at the
1851:Provideniya photos
1786:Whymper, Frederick
1718:Reid, Anna (2002)
1611:, March 21, 1922,
1603:"Yankee in Siberia
1161:Burnham 1922 p 392
1012:Whymper, pp. 88-89
985:Petit Fute, Fisher
840:. 2017. p. 8.
833:Sailing Directions
661:1869 solar eclipse
657:
492:Saint Lawrence Bay
393:
385:
373:
300:
292:
284:
282:chart detail, 1928
273:
191:Bukhta Provideniya
187:Бу́хта Провиде́ния
34:Бу́хта Провиде́ния
1739:978-1-55963-088-7
1564:978-0-299-07884-3
1396:Gal, Bob (2008).
1322:978-1-4179-4433-0
1275:pp. 278–279.
1236:978-0-7656-0434-7
1095:November 21, 1880
764:978-0-87779-546-9
482:under command of
427:Frederick Whymper
330:, and one of the
247:to find the lost
199:Chukchi Peninsula
176:
175:
133:Ocean/sea sources
1930:
1908:Fjords of Russia
1795:
1754:
1743:
1732:. Island Press.
1715:
1694:
1673:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1568:
1543:
1522:
1501:
1498:10.7202/019715ar
1480:
1453:
1430:
1405:
1400:. Archived from
1385:
1362:Davis, Robert G.
1356:
1344:Dall, William H.
1339:
1326:
1302:
1274:
1260:
1240:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1199:
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1184:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:Gavrilov, p. 151
1123:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
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1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:Bocstoce, Spears
1037:
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1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
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1540:
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689:Soviet Union
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1435:Hall, Asaph
1357:pp 304–305.
681:Provideniya
665:geomagnetic
560:. Instead,
412:Golden Gate
207:Provideniya
203:Emma Harbor
119: /
107:173°24′00″W
94:Coordinates
1897:Categories
1647:2009-06-05
1527:Muir, John
1384:: 356–363.
1368:et als. v.
1259:: 123–133.
1217:References
976:Baker p124
617:USC&GS
422:Shenandoah
245:Bering Sea
215:Plover Bay
161:Max. width
138:Bering Sea
104:64°25′00″N
1595:p. 8
1392:, London.
1370:the Brig
1366:"Makuola
1170:Marchenko
822:Pub. 155:
695:remains.
631:Kamchatka
619:schooner
604:Jeannette
435:John Muir
263:Geography
219:anchorage
87:Far North
1879:Archived
1788:(1868).
1680:Chukotka
1533:(1917).
1470:(1853).
1364:(1866).
1346:(1870).
1309:(1904).
1247:(1881).
1183:, p. 408
1143:Bartlett
699:See also
685:Chukotka
591:reached
583:reached
551:schooner
496:Timandra
479:Gaydamak
449:graze."
447:reindeer
353:Istikhed
328:yarangas
241:Plymouth
83:Location
1761:(1908)
1551:(ed.).
1459:(1912)
1447:Bibcode
1134:Cochran
940:Krupnik
653:Vaigach
589:Rodgers
581:Strelok
576:Rodgers
570:Strelok
562:Strelok
547:whaling
543:Strelok
538:Strelok
526:Vsadnik
510:Vsadnik
505:Vsadnik
475:clipper
439:lichens
431:whaling
383:in 1881
363:History
255:of the
193:) is a
183:Russian
41:Russian
1736:
1708:
1687:
1573:Nature
1561:
1529:&
1515:
1423:
1372:Wailua
1319:
1233:
1179:Muir,
1107:; Owen
1082:Nature
1069:Muir,
877:Muir,
805:Hooper
766:p. 959
762:
754:
649:Taimyr
627:Corwin
598:Corwin
464:Oriole
460:Oriole
455:Wailua
443:mosses
398:Plover
381:Corwin
257:Plover
237:Plover
232:Plover
151:Russia
37:
1152:Scull
1116:West;
1021:Davis
949:Hodge
828:(PDF)
733:Notes
638:Litke
622:Yukon
554:Handy
530:vodka
468:Yukon
349:Yupik
195:fjord
145:Basin
1734:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1627:p292
1559:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1231:ISBN
908:Hall
881:p408
868:Dall
760:ISBN
752:ISBN
651:and
634:uezd
574:USS
572:met
441:and
420:CSS
230:HMS
1666:doi
1615:p3.
1585:P 5
1494:doi
796:Gal
345:ca.
1899::
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1299:71
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933:^
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810:^
789:^
771:^
758:,
508:.
425:.
189:,
185::
1817:.
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1382:2
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1257:4
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400:'
343:(
181:(
43:)
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_p096_EMMAS_HARBOUR,_WINTER_QUARTERS_OF_THE_TUSKIS.jpg)
