646:) has been known at times to contract a non-infectious inflammatory lung disease called lipid pneumonia. Lipid pneumonia can be classified as exogenous or endogenous depending on whether or not the animal inhaled outside material. A necropsy shows that the lungs of a grey parrot with endogenous lipid pneumonia (EnLP) are firm with a diffuse grey discoloration. EnLP is a common illness in other animals as well. The grey parrot is also one of the three parrots that scientists found to commonly suffer from dehydration. Scientists have used plasma osmolality to find more information about the form of dehydration grey parrots have. Another disease that the grey parrots get is cardiomyopathy, which is a heart disease usually presented at a young age. The cause is having parents of the same breed. Some other common symptoms in these birds are weakness, coelomic cavity, and retardation. The grey parrot has been known to contract beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) which causes a highly contagious, and sometimes fatal, psittacine beak and feather disease in parrots. In a PCR-based study, Chlamydiosis, an infectious disease of avians, was found to infect the grey parrot. In the study 253 clinical samples were taken from 27 bird species belonging to seven orders. Thirty-two (12.6%) samples were positive for Chlamydi and two new genotypes were discovered:
557:: The Timneh parrot is slightly smaller in size than the Congo grey parrot, but intelligence and talking ability remain comparable. They can range from about 22–28 cm in total length, and are considered a medium size parrot. The Timneh has a darker charcoal grey coloring, a darker maroon tail, and a light, horn-coloured area to part of the upper mandible. It is often called a "TAG". As pets, Timnehs usually begin learning to speak earlier than greys as they mature slightly earlier. The Timneh also has a reputation of being less nervous around strangers and novel situations than the grey, but whether this is true or not is still debated. In 2012, BirdLife International gave the Timneh parrot full species status and it was classified as
791:). This requires both that exports be accompanied by a permit issued by a national authority and that a finding be made that the export is not detrimental to the species in the wild. With exports totaling more than 350,000 specimens from 1994 to 2003, the grey parrot is one of the most heavily traded CITES-listed bird species. In response to continuing population declines, exceeded quotas, and unsustainable and illegal trade (including among range states), CITES included the grey parrot in Phase VI of the CITES Review of Significant Trade in 2004. This review has resulted in recommended zero export quotas for several range states and a CITES decision to develop regional management plans for the species.
809:
820:. They have a devoted following among parrot owners. However, the same qualities mean they require a special commitment by their owners to provide frequent one-on-one interaction and supervised time out of their cages. They must be kept stimulated and busy by people and toys or they may become stressed and develop self-destructive behaviors. Greys require large cages, varied diets that include fresh foods, and plenty of safe and chewable toys. If not provided with these items, these parrots can quickly develop unpleasant behaviours and may eventually develop health problems (such as feather-plucking) that are difficult to remedy.
707:, demonstrated grey parrots were able to coordinate and collaborate with each other to an extent. They were able to solve problems set by scientists—for example, two birds could pull strings at the same time to obtain food. In another example, one bird stood on a perch to release a food-laden tray, while the other pulled the tray out from the test apparatus. Both would then feed. The birds in question were observed waiting for their partners to perform the necessary actions so their behaviour could be synchronized. The parrots appeared to express individual preferences as to which of the other test birds they would work with.
696:. As well as labeling objects, Alex could verbally express what his wants were, suggesting that grey parrots know the difference between features and feelings. In general, it has been shown that grey parrots are able to learn relatively quickly, though they are limited to simple and non-abstract mediums of thinking. They have been shown to be able to make cognitive inferences, but, like apes, have inter-individual differences in intelligence. For example, in one experiment involving food hidden under cups, it was shown that greys can identify where the food is, usually if shown its original location at first.
481:
49:
33:
780:
748:
436:
69:
387:
715:
that grey parrots, under most conditions, can also associate sounds with the presence of an object. For the most part, grey parrots performed more successfully if the cup was shaken horizontally before it is given the choice of selecting which contained food; however, further experimentation indicated that it is not a requirement and proved that grey parrots have very high cognitive abilities.
739:
of canaries in the laboratory, people cleaning, doors squeaking, etc. In the next 3 years, the parrots made over 50,000 vocalisations. What was interesting was that, although they were bred in captivity, the sounds they made were not only ones of their immediate surroundings. They also made calls similar to those of other captive grey parrots in different locations and even wild grey parrots.
444:: This is the nominate species, larger than the Timneh at about 33 cm (13 in) long, with light-grey feathers, cherry-red tails, and an all-black beak. Immature birds of this species have tails with a darker, duller red towards the tip (Juniper and Parr 1999) until their first moult, which occurs by 18 months of age. These birds also initially have grey
692:, has scientifically demonstrated that they possess the ability to associate simple human words with meanings, and to intelligently apply the abstract concepts of shape, colour, number, zero-sense, etc. According to Pepperberg and other ornithologists, they perform many cognitive tasks at the level of dolphins, chimpanzees, and even human
771:
of West and
Central Africa. Grey parrots depend on large, old trees for the natural hollows they use for nesting. Studies in Guinea and Guinea-Bissau have found that greys' preferred species of nesting trees are also species preferred for timber. The relationship between the status of the species and
738:
In an experiment to test the vocalizations of grey parrots, four bred in captivity were placed in an aviary. Throughout the day they spent time in a room with toys and came into fairly regular contact with the humans taking care of them. The noises that these parrots could hear consisted of the calls
654:. Another ailment that grey parrots commonly suffer from is hypocalcemic-induced seizure activity. Birds between 2–15 years of age contract it, due to a lack of calcium. A symptom of the syndrome can be unsteadiness while standing or falling off a perch along with neurological anomalies or problems.
710:
In an experiment about local enhancement in grey parrots, food was visibly hidden under two separate cups. The experimenter then lifted the first cup and either removed what was under it or put it back. This was then done again in several different combinations, the cups were lifted in a different
723:
Wild grey parrots often whistle, click, or make other sounds. A grey's owner should expect to hear regular renditions of microwave ovens, telephones, alarm clocks, video games, and other electronic sounds, as well as dripping water, wild birds, and any other sound often heard by the parrot. Greys
714:
Another series of experiments further tested grey parrots' cognitive abilities. In general, most animals cannot associate sounds with objects, such as food, placed into a cup. While originally only the great apes and young human children were known to make this association with ease, it was found
699:
Pet greys may learn to speak within their first year, but many don't say their first word until 12–18 months old. Timnehs are generally observed to start speaking earlier, some in their late first year. Both subspecies seem to have the same ability and tendency to produce human speech, but vocal
823:
Even the healthiest, happiest pet parrot will generate a fair amount of mess and noise. Like most parrots, they are not domesticated, and even a well-socialized, hand-raised, aviary-bred bird is usually only one or two generations removed from its wild predecessor. Despite this, there is a long
724:
have even been known to repeat the profanity they heard from an owner even after they no longer live with that owner. Greys also have the ability to mimic, and distinguish between, the different voices they hear. Grey parrots use different alarm calls for different predators coming their way.
794:
In the United States, importation of wild-caught grey parrots is prohibited under the US Wild Bird
Conservation Act of 1992. In the European Union, an EU Directive of 2007 prevents importation of this and any other wild-caught birds for the pet trade.
700:
ability and proclivity may range widely among individual birds. Grey parrots tend to use more specific calls for different species coming their way which can be known as stimulus specificity, since there is a stimulus vocalization the birds have.
729:
612:
breeders which nests in tree cavities. The hen lays 3-5 eggs, which she incubates for 30 days while being fed by her mate. Young leave the nest at the age of 12 weeks. Little is known about the courtship behaviour of this species in the wild.
1179:
1007:
669:
Birds appear to offer, in their behavior, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy a striking case of parallel evolution of consciousness. Evidence of near human-like levels of consciousness has been most dramatically observed in
African grey
625:
birds. The Animal Ageing and
Longevity Database states the longest reliably recorded longevity for the species in captivity as 49.7 years. Also acknowledged are claims of captive grey parrots reaching the ages of 73 and 93, whereas the
1386:
Beaufrere, Hugues; et al. (June 2011). "Plasma
Osmolality Reference Values in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus), Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis), and Red-fronted Macaws (Ara rubrogenys)".
283:
in the world. They feed primarily on palm nuts, seeds, fruits, and leafy matter, but have also been observed eating snails. Their inclination and ability to mimic speech and other sounds have made them popular pets.
2112:
Dändliker, G. 1992. The Grey Parrot in Ghana: A population survey, a contribution to the biology of the species, a study of its commercial exploitation and management recommendations. CITES, Lausanne, Switzerland.
1576:
Kirchgessner, Megan; Tully Jr, Thomas N.; Nevarez, Javier; Guzman, David
Sanchez-Migallon; Acierno, Mark J. (March 2012). "Magnesium Therapy in a Hypocalcemic African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)".
728:
549:
1922:
Mikolasch, Sandra; Kotrschal, Schloegl (November 2012). "The
Influence of Local Enhancement on Choice Performances in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Jackdaws (Corvus monedula)".
730:
1662:
Kaufman, Allison; et al. (September 2013). "Higher-order semantic structures in an
African Grey parrot's vocalizations: evidence from the hyperspace analog to language (HAL) model".
2309:
Kaufman, Allison B.; et al. (2013). "Higher-order semantic structures in an
African Grey Parrot's Vocalization: evidence from the hyperspace analog to language (HAL) model".
711:
order and the food was removed or put back in a different order. Instead of remembering which cup had the food, the birds would show preference to the one that was touched last.
763:. A recent analysis suggests up to 21% of the global population may be taken from the wild annually, primarily for the pet trade. In 2012, the species was further uplisted to
1622:
7 July 2012. Written by Philip Low and edited by Jaak
Panksepp, Diana Reiss, David Edelman, Bruno Van Swinderen, Philip Low and Christof Koch. University of Cambridge.
2964:
2423:
Schmid; Doherr, R.; Steiger, M G. (2006). "The influence of the breeding method on the behaviour of adult African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)".
1180:"Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) has been split into Grey Parrot (P. erithacus) and Timneh Grey Parrot (P. timneh): are both eligible for uplisting?"
1008:"Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) has been split into grey parrot (P. erithacus) and Timneh grey parrot (P. timneh): are both eligible for uplisting?"
3487:
3104:
2870:
1705:
Sukova, K; et al. (June 2013). "Abstract concept formation in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) on the basis of a low number of cues".
2950:
1619:
3228:
2971:
2911:
4598:
2041:
Giret, Nicholas; Albert, Nagle; Kreutzer, Bovet (April 2012). "Context-related vocalizations in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)".
2167:
3240:
2957:
1798:
704:
2841:
3781:
2748:
675:
2449:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1351:
Costa, T; et al. (August–October 2013). "Endogenous Lipid Pneumonia in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)".
1057:
Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2174:
Beaufrere, Hugues; et al. (2011). "Plasma Osmolality Reference Values in African Grey Parrots(Psittacus erithacus erithacus)".
4546:
4572:
1640:
787:
The grey parrot is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (
2594:
2299:
2211:
Juan-Salles, C; et al. (2010). "Congestive Heart Failure in 6 African Grey Parrots (Psittacus e erithacus) (May 2011)".
1833:
1335:
1080:
883:
4577:
4703:
2394:
Giret, Nicolas; et al. (April 2012). "Context-related vocalizations in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)".
2160:
2087:
See Juniper, T. and M. Parr. 1998. Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
2006:
Giret, Nicolas; et al. (April 2012). "Context-related vocalizations in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)".
1204:
759:
More rare than previously believed, the grey was uplisted from a species of least concern to near threatened in the 2007
1227:
915:
Cat Marsala, the main protagonist in "Hard Christmas" by Barbara D'Amato, has a pet grey parrot named Long John Silver.
1430:
Juan-Salles, c; et al. (May 2011). "Congestive Heart Failure in 6 African Grey Parrots (Psittacus e erithacus)".
2530:
2514:
2498:
2482:
2466:
2387:
2358:
2288:
2272:
2256:
2144:
448:, which change to a pale yellow color by the time the bird is a year old. In aviculture, it is often called a "CAG".
1475:"Extensive recombination detected among beak and feather disease virus isolates from breeding facilities in Poland"
634:
listed a grey parrot that allegedly lived in captivity for 72 years as the longest-lived specimen for the species.
425:
4603:
1900:
595:
Some aviculturalists recognize third and fourth species, but these are not distinguishable in scientific studies.
357:
304:
190:
161:
1280:
2741:
631:
4655:
4585:
2549:
4688:
1302:
956:'s short stories "Grey" and "Grey's Ghost" feature a grey parrot that has a remarkable bond with her owner.
808:
529:
Endemic to the western parts of the moist Upper Guinea forests and bordering savannas of West Africa from
4494:
4499:
4698:
2368:
2349:
1136:
4642:
1258:
68:
2734:
2587:
2543:
682:
Unlike other parrots, wild greys have been documented imitating the calls of several other species.
959:
Web Comic Matthew Inman; also known as "The Oatmeal", wrote a web comic about his pet grey parrot.
2103:) and Development of a Management Program in Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. CITES, Geneva, Switzerland.
2378:
2373:
480:
4693:
4629:
4447:
2993:
265:
2690:
4624:
3272:
2726:
2710:
847:
4616:
1526:"PCR-based diagnosis, molecular characterization and detection of atypical strains of avian
1102:
A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus
48:
4520:
2580:
2364:
2150:
1750:"African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) use inference by exclusion to find hidden food"
1060:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 96.
867:
317:
for "parrot". Linnaeus included all 37 of the then-known parrots in the genus and of these
32:
8:
4683:
4485:
2849:
2695:
2675:
932:
609:
394:
2522:
African Grey Parrots: everything about history, care, nutrition, handling, and behavior.
905:
by Donna Andrews, a grey parrot helps protagonist Meg Langslow apprehend the antagonist.
4678:
2879:
2700:
2680:
2411:
2334:
2236:
2199:
2058:
2023:
1983:
1958:
1870:
1774:
1749:
1730:
1687:
1602:
1455:
1412:
1096:
931:
children's novels is a grey parrot. In the film version, the character was played by a
890:
764:
627:
576:
558:
463:
318:
63:
1632:
1029:
776:
is positive: where the forests are declining, so too are populations of grey parrots.
4611:
4507:
3941:
2685:
2555:
2526:
2510:
2494:
2478:
2462:
2383:
2354:
2326:
2295:
2284:
2268:
2252:
2228:
2191:
2140:
1988:
1939:
1850:
1829:
1822:
1779:
1722:
1679:
1594:
1551:
1525:
1506:
1447:
1404:
1368:
1331:
1325:
1076:
879:
280:
2415:
2338:
2240:
2203:
2062:
2027:
1874:
1691:
1606:
1459:
1416:
1120:
1100:
4237:
3820:
3423:
3217:
2810:
2795:
2789:
2715:
2603:
2436:
2432:
2403:
2318:
2220:
2183:
2050:
2015:
1978:
1970:
1931:
1862:
1769:
1761:
1734:
1714:
1671:
1586:
1541:
1496:
1486:
1439:
1396:
1360:
1140:
817:
779:
747:
685:
488:
4512:
1055:
4470:
3343:
3095:
3064:
3012:
2886:
2448:
1718:
1546:
1116:
953:
939:
927:
855:
309:
4590:
1030:"Trade in Africa's Grey Parrots and Timneh Parrots is currently not sustainable"
4381:
4361:
4252:
4098:
4017:
3989:
3982:
3898:
3882:
3552:
3461:
3289:
3193:
3160:
3036:
2941:
2758:
2705:
1364:
1125:. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 229.
895:
825:
773:
519:
445:
383:
Grey parrot, Congo grey parrot, African grey parrot, Congo African grey parrot
276:
2407:
2322:
2054:
2019:
1866:
1675:
1144:
4672:
4281:
4272:
4122:
4107:
4080:
4038:
3925:
3873:
3715:
3687:
3600:
3591:
3529:
3504:
3497:
3336:
3282:
3043:
2982:
2893:
2650:
2443:
2224:
1851:"Context-related vocalizations in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)"
1443:
1235:
1051:
972:
943:
760:
752:
689:
538:
530:
353:
300:
257:
242:
213:
186:
157:
56:
2560:
435:
4335:
4223:
4181:
4165:
4147:
4059:
4031:
4010:
4003:
3961:
3849:
3829:
3771:
3722:
3680:
3673:
3652:
3538:
3511:
3393:
3378:
3251:
3126:
3112:
2825:
2330:
2232:
2195:
1992:
1974:
1943:
1783:
1765:
1726:
1683:
1598:
1555:
1510:
1491:
1474:
1451:
1408:
1372:
829:
663:
510:
386:
330:
169:
4559:
4479:
4409:
4388:
4317:
4290:
4261:
4209:
4188:
4087:
4045:
3968:
3934:
3858:
3788:
3759:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3559:
3402:
3371:
3311:
3260:
3142:
3074:
2900:
2670:
2661:
2645:
2607:
2572:
542:
413:
322:
260:
were classified as subspecies; the former as the nominate, the latter as
253:
234:
230:
206:
180:
140:
130:
40:
2506:
The Alex Studies: cognitive and communicative abilities of grey parrots.
1896:
405:
4551:
4395:
4371:
4351:
4301:
4202:
4174:
4131:
4073:
3996:
3975:
3838:
3805:
3701:
3659:
3624:
3607:
3468:
3447:
3357:
3320:
3135:
3050:
3029:
2927:
2856:
2834:
2187:
1590:
1400:
833:
768:
272:
268:
on the basis of genetic, morphological, plumage and vocal differences.
1501:
4564:
4533:
4402:
4324:
4310:
4230:
4216:
4154:
4066:
3905:
3891:
3694:
3580:
3454:
3364:
3149:
3022:
1959:"Grey parrots use inferential reasoning based on acoustic cues alone"
1935:
977:
960:
622:
80:
4441:
4538:
4464:
4344:
4195:
4140:
4052:
3916:
3708:
3614:
3475:
3350:
3296:
2777:
2099:
See Clemmons, J.R. 2003. Status Survey of the African Grey Parrot (
982:
878:
by Fran Smith, illustrated by Deon Matzen, is about a grey parrot.
693:
421:
264:. However, in 2012 the taxa were recognized as separate species by
100:
2566:
4650:
4525:
3952:
3734:
3666:
3573:
3545:
3329:
3081:
2624:
2508:
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London.
2040:
1575:
1199:
1197:
2453:(10th edition, vol.1). Laurentius Salvius, Holmia (= Stockholm).
4024:
3744:
3566:
3434:
2771:
688:'s research with captive greys, most notably with a bird named
429:
120:
90:
2756:
1194:
888:
The bird owned by the character 'Linus Steinman' in the novel
851:
is a transgenic grey parrot with the capability of doing math.
630:
lists a longevity of 50–60 years for a grey in captivity. The
4637:
3518:
2783:
2615:
788:
548:
417:
409:
314:
293:
1921:
1281:"Longevity, ageing, and life history of Psittacus erithacus"
2308:
876:
Friendly Feathers: Life with Pierre, an African Grey Parrot
534:
110:
865:
The character 'Methuselah' in Barbara Kingsolver's novel
2393:
922:, Bilbo was a grey parrot which belonged to George Carr.
912:
by Liz Evans, the parrot in the title is a grey parrot.
816:
These intelligent mimics can make interesting pets and
2305:
Glendell, G in Veterinary Times (UK) 18 February 2008.
1228:"An Introduction and Overview of the African Species"
537:
east to at least 70 km (43 mi) east of the
271:
These parrots are found in the primary and secondary
4377:
4367:
4357:
3801:
3777:
3767:
3620:
3419:
3278:
3268:
3236:
3213:
3123:
3092:
3061:
3009:
2938:
2923:
2867:
2822:
2266:(3rd ed.). Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, New York.
2262:
Forshaw, Joseph M. & Cooper, William T. (1981):
1957:
Schloegl, Christian; et al. (22 October 2012).
1620:
The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (Archive)
1135:
229:
is a genus of African grey parrots in the subfamily
2422:
2294:Glendell, G. Breaking Bad Habits in Parrots (2007)
1524:Madani, S. A.; Peighambari, S. M. (February 2013).
845:The character 'Gerard' in Michael Crichton's novel
824:history of these parrots being kept at pets by the
767:. The species is endemic to primary and secondary
1821:
950:without end, saying only he understands his logic.
703:A study published in 2011, led by Dalila Bovet of
2095:
2093:
2074:
2072:
1523:
1303:"Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) | Parrot Care"
961:I have firsthand experience with an undead parrot
299:was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
4670:
2569:an excellent resource for keepers of all parrots
2134:Athan, Mattie Sue & Deter, Dianalee (2000):
1748:Mikolasch, Sandra; et al. (December 2011).
1234:. Wings Computer Consulting Inc. Archived from
2090:
2069:
2742:
2588:
1225:
1219:
1182:. BirdLife International (2011). 12 June 2011
1010:. BirdLife International (2011). 12 June 2011
1323:
1073:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
925:The character 'Polynesia' in Hugh Lofting's
2474:A New Owner's Guide to African Grey Parrots
2210:
1429:
1327:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
798:
3259:
2749:
2735:
2602:
2595:
2581:
1849:Giret, Nicolas; et al. (April 2012).
1283:. The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database
742:
676:The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
477:Timneh parrot, Timneh African grey parrot
47:
31:
3319:
2563:information about supporting grey parrots
2347:Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World.
2173:
2151:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
1982:
1799:"African Grey Parrots: Myths & Facts"
1773:
1747:
1545:
1500:
1490:
1385:
1105:. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 52.
1075:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 332.
734:Shrieking and clicking of the grey parrot
705:Paris West University Nanterre La Défense
341:The genus now contains only two species:
2681:Red-fronted parrot (or Jardine's parrot)
2168:Grey Parrot – BirdLife Species Factsheet
1956:
1670:(5): 789–801/10.1007/s10071–013–0613–3.
1163:
1050:
807:
778:
746:
2691:Rüppell's parrot (or Rueppell's parrot)
2524:Barron's Pet Handbooks, Hauppauge, NY.
2345:Juniper, Tony & Parr, Mike (1998):
2138:Barron's Pet Handbooks, Hauppauge, NY.
1661:
1070:
1022:
598:
412:, and is distributed from southeastern
4671:
2676:Brown-necked parrot (or Uncape parrot)
2476:. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ.
2078:See BirdLife International (2007a. b).
1704:
1472:
1115:
839:
637:
4446:
4445:
3191:
2808:
2730:
2576:
2546:Parrot Encyclopedia – Species Profile
2278:Greene, W.T. & Batty, J. (1993):
2176:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
2005:
1848:
1819:
1579:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
1389:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
1350:
1273:
1151:. International Ornithologists' Union
378:IUCN status and estimated population
4656:282D6992-A225-4387-AC83-76295B1F237C
4643:D9C53DED-E137-47B9-F04D-71743425D554
2809:
2671:Cape parrot (or Levaillant's parrot)
1888:
1317:
1095:
2121:See UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database.
1633:"Stray Japan parrot talks way home"
1613:
1295:
1250:
621:Like many large parrots, greys are
13:
3192:
1963:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1256:
1129:
836:, Portuguese sailors, and others.
726:
14:
4715:
2537:
2161:2006–2007 Red List status changes
2136:The African Grey Parrot Handbook.
1924:Journal of Comparative Psychology
1897:"Parrots choose to work together"
1828:. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's.
1643:from the original on 2 April 2010
2425:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
2166:BirdLife International (2007b):
2159:BirdLife International (2007a):
1903:from the original on 20 May 2011
1894:
1824:The African Grey Parrot Handbook
1796:
1353:Journal of Comparative Pathology
1205:"Recently recategorised species"
1149:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
1122:Check-List of Birds of the World
547:
479:
434:
426:Democratic Republic of the Congo
385:
67:
2282:Beech Publishing House, Alton.
2115:
2106:
2081:
2034:
1999:
1950:
1915:
1842:
1813:
1790:
1741:
1698:
1655:
1625:
1569:
1517:
1466:
1423:
1379:
1344:
1207:. BirdLife International (2012)
718:
657:
369:Scientific name and subspecies
233:. It contains two species: the
2437:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.09.002
1172:
1109:
1089:
1064:
1044:
1000:
946:, the philosopher praises his
632:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
2460:Howell Book House, New York.
988:
803:
533:, Sierra Leone, and southern
1719:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.02.008
1547:10.1080/03079457.2012.757288
1530:in companion and wild birds"
1169:Forshaw & Cooper (1978).
993:
616:
7:
4704:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2488:Mulawka, Edward J. (1984):
2213:Journal of General Virology
2170:. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
2163:. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
1479:Journal of General Virology
966:
854:The character 'Madison' in
603:
287:
10:
4720:
2561:African Grey Parrot Centre
2504:Pepperberg, Irene (2002):
2456:Mancini, Julie R. (1998):
2128:
2101:Psittacus erithacus timneh
1365:10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.01.008
1071:Jobling, James A. (2010).
783:Grey parrot in a bird park
661:
336:
279:. They are among the most
4454:
4334:
4300:
4280:
4271:
4251:
4164:
4130:
4121:
4097:
3951:
3924:
3915:
3881:
3872:
3848:
3828:
3819:
3758:
3732:
3590:
3528:
3485:
3442:
3433:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3310:
3250:
3227:
3204:
3200:
3187:
3159:
3122:
3091:
3060:
3008:
2981:
2937:
2919:
2910:
2866:
2821:
2817:
2804:
2766:
2659:
2634:
2614:
2408:10.1007/s10211-011-0106-9
2323:10.1007/s10071-013-0613-3
2055:10.1007/s10211-011-0106-9
2020:10.1007/s10211-011-0106-9
1867:10.1007/s10211-011-0106-9
1676:10.1007/s10071-013-0613-3
1330:. Guinness Superlatives.
903:We'll Always Have Parrots
476:
382:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
202:
197:
175:
168:
64:Scientific classification
62:
55:
46:
39:
30:
23:
2761:and their extinct allies
2472:Moustaki, Nikki (2004):
2225:10.1177/0300985810377071
1820:Deter, Dianalee (2000).
1444:10.1177/0300985810377071
1032:. BirdLife International
799:Relationship with humans
2552:news & conservation
2520:Wright, Maggie (2001):
2379:Oxford University Press
2374:A Greek-English Lexicon
2247:Brinker, Bobbi (2005):
2155:(Retrieved 6 July 2011)
1473:Julian, Laurel (2013).
743:Status and conservation
2249:For the Love of Greys.
1975:10.1098/rspb.2012.1292
1766:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0500
1492:10.1099/vir.0.050179-0
1261:. Animal Diversity Web
1226:Jean Pattison (2006).
920:Somebody Else's Summer
813:
784:
756:
735:
680:
648:Chlamydophila psittaci
266:BirdLife International
4625:Paleobiology Database
2711:Yellow-fronted parrot
2490:African Grey Parrots.
2365:Liddell, Henry George
2280:African grey parrots.
1707:Behavioural Processes
1324:Wood, Gerald (1983).
1259:"Psittacus erithacus"
811:
782:
750:
733:
667:
662:Further information:
652:Chlamydophila abortus
2377:(Abridged Edition).
2264:Parrots of the World
1432:Veterinary Pathology
1305:. World Parrot Trust
1145:"Parrots, cockatoos"
1143:, eds. (July 2021).
874:The children's book
868:The Poisonwood Bible
599:Behavior and ecology
428:(DRC), and northern
313:. The genus name is
252:For many years, the
4689:Animal intelligence
2850:Eurofluvioviridavis
2696:Brown-headed parrot
2153:Psittacus erithacus
1969:(1745): 4135–4142.
1899:. BBC Nature News.
1485:(Pt 5): 1086–1095.
1097:Gray, George Robert
948:Psittacus erithacus
933:blue and gold macaw
840:Cultural depictions
644:Psittacus erithacus
638:Illness and disease
395:Psittacus erithacus
362:
327:Psittacus erithacus
239:Psittacus erithacus
177:Psittacus erithacus
2880:Eofringillirostrum
2701:Red-bellied parrot
2544:World Parrot Trust
2492:TFH Publications.
2381:, United Kingdom.
2188:10.1647/2010-015.1
1591:10.1647/2009-021.1
1528:Chlamydia psittaci
1401:10.1647/2010-015.1
1238:on 28 October 2007
1139:; Donsker, David;
891:The Final Solution
814:
785:
757:
736:
628:World Parrot Trust
344:
319:George Robert Gray
4699:Parrots of Africa
4666:
4665:
4612:Open Tree of Life
4448:Taxon identifiers
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4247:
4246:
4117:
4116:
3942:Psittaculirostris
3868:
3867:
3815:
3814:
3754:
3753:
3388:
3387:
3306:
3305:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3004:
3003:
2965:Primozygodactylus
2724:
2723:
2533:
2517:
2501:
2485:
2469:
2458:The African Grey.
2444:Linnaeus, Carolus
2390:
2361:
2300:978-1-84286-165-3
2291:
2275:
2259:
2147:
1835:978-0-7641-4140-9
1801:. birdchannel.com
1337:978-0-85112-235-9
1141:Rasmussen, Pamela
1117:Peters, James Lee
1082:978-1-4081-2501-4
898:is a grey parrot.
884:978-0-615-22232-5
871:is a grey parrot.
862:is a grey parrot.
818:companion parrots
812:A pet grey parrot
731:
642:The grey parrot (
608:Grey parrots are
592:
591:
495:
401:
375:Size and ecology
360:
281:intelligent birds
222:
221:
164:
4711:
4659:
4658:
4646:
4645:
4633:
4632:
4620:
4619:
4607:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4591:NHMSYS0020930418
4581:
4580:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4515:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4443:
4442:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4278:
4277:
4238:Purpureicephalus
4128:
4127:
3922:
3921:
3879:
3878:
3826:
3825:
3821:Psittrichasiidae
3803:
3779:
3769:
3622:
3440:
3439:
3424:Archaeopsittacus
3421:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3317:
3316:
3280:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3238:
3218:Mogontiacopsitta
3215:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3125:
3094:
3063:
3011:
2940:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2869:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2811:Psittacopasseres
2806:
2805:
2796:Psittacopasseres
2790:Eufalconimorphae
2751:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2716:Niam-Niam parrot
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2525:
2509:
2493:
2477:
2461:
2440:
2431:(3–4): 293–307.
2419:
2382:
2353:
2350:Christopher Helm
2342:
2311:Animal Cognition
2283:
2267:
2251:
2244:
2207:
2139:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1936:10.1037/a0028209
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1895:Gill, Victoria.
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1664:Animal Cognition
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1359:(2–3): 381–384.
1348:
1342:
1341:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1257:Holman, Rachel.
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1004:
910:Sick as a Parrot
732:
686:Irene Pepperberg
678:
580:
551:
493:
489:Psittacus timneh
483:
467:
438:
399:
389:
363:
352:
343:
247:Psittacus timneh
156:
72:
71:
51:
35:
21:
20:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4654:
4649:
4641:
4636:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4532:
4524:
4519:
4511:
4506:
4498:
4493:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4450:
4440:
4415:
4330:
4296:
4267:
4243:
4160:
4113:
4093:
3947:
3911:
3864:
3844:
3811:
3750:
3728:
3586:
3524:
3488:Amoropsittacini
3481:
3429:
3384:
3344:Calyptorhynchus
3302:
3246:
3223:
3196:
3175:
3155:
3118:
3105:Palaeopsittacus
3096:Quercypsittidae
3087:
3065:Messelasturidae
3056:
3013:Halcyornithidae
3000:
2977:
2933:
2906:
2887:Parapsittacopes
2871:Psittacopedidae
2862:
2813:
2800:
2762:
2755:
2725:
2720:
2655:
2630:
2610:
2601:
2567:The Parrot Club
2540:
2396:Acta Ethologica
2131:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2043:Acta Ethologica
2039:
2035:
2008:Acta Ethologica
2004:
2000:
1955:
1951:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1855:Acta Ethologica
1847:
1843:
1836:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1754:Biology Letters
1746:
1742:
1703:
1699:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1639:. 22 May 2008.
1631:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1534:Avian Pathology
1522:
1518:
1471:
1467:
1428:
1424:
1384:
1380:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1134:
1130:
1114:
1110:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
969:
954:Mercedes Lackey
940:Thomas Bernhard
928:Doctor Dolittle
856:Dick King-Smith
842:
832:families, King
806:
801:
751:Timneh parrot (
745:
727:
721:
679:
674:
666:
660:
640:
619:
606:
601:
594:
587:
584:
578:
569:
568:
563:
562:
546:
526:
525:
504:
503:
497:
496:
492:
471:
465:
456:
455:
450:
449:
433:
404:The islands of
398:
339:
321:designated the
310:Systema Naturae
290:
193:
184:
155:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4647:
4634:
4621:
4608:
4595:
4582:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4530:
4517:
4504:
4491:
4476:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4382:Necropsittacus
4375:
4365:
4362:Lophopsittacus
4355:
4348:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4286:
4284:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4255:
4253:Psittacellinae
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4136:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4103:
4101:
4099:Melopsittacini
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4018:Hypocharmosyna
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3990:Charmosynopsis
3986:
3983:Charmosynoides
3979:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3938:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3899:Bolbopsittacus
3895:
3887:
3885:
3883:Agapornithinae
3876:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3775:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3553:Graydidascalus
3549:
3542:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3462:Hapalopsittaca
3458:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3414:
3412:incertae sedis
3405:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3208:
3206:Incertae sedis
3198:
3197:
3194:Psittaciformes
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3161:Psittaciformes
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3037:Pseudasturides
3033:
3026:
3018:
3016:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2951:Eozygodactylus
2946:
2944:
2942:Zygodactylidae
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Senegal parrot
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:Meyer's parrot
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2538:External links
2536:
2535:
2534:
2518:
2502:
2486:
2470:
2454:
2441:
2420:
2391:
2362:
2343:
2317:(5): 789–801.
2306:
2303:
2292:
2276:
2260:
2245:
2219:(3): 691–697.
2208:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2089:
2080:
2068:
2033:
1998:
1949:
1930:(4): 399–406.
1914:
1887:
1841:
1834:
1812:
1789:
1760:(6): 875–877.
1740:
1697:
1654:
1624:
1612:
1568:
1516:
1465:
1438:(3): 691–697.
1422:
1378:
1343:
1336:
1316:
1294:
1272:
1249:
1218:
1193:
1171:
1162:
1128:
1119:, ed. (1937).
1108:
1088:
1081:
1063:
1052:Linnaeus, Carl
1043:
1021:
998:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
968:
965:
964:
963:
957:
951:
936:
923:
916:
913:
906:
899:
896:Michael Chabon
886:
872:
863:
852:
841:
838:
826:ancient Greeks
805:
802:
800:
797:
774:primary forest
772:the status of
744:
741:
720:
717:
672:
659:
656:
639:
636:
618:
615:
605:
602:
600:
597:
590:
589:
579: EN
574:
552:
527:
524:
523:
517:P. t. princeps
514:
502:Two subspecies
501:
500:
499:
498:
485:
474:
473:
466: EN
461:
439:
402:
400:Linnaeus, 1758
391:
380:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
361:– two species
338:
335:
289:
286:
277:Central Africa
220:
219:
218:
217:
210:
200:
199:
195:
194:
185:
173:
172:
166:
165:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:Psittaciformes
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4716:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Talking birds
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4282:Micropsittini
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Psittaculinae
4270:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Platycercinae
4120:
4110:
4109:
4108:Melopsittacus
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:Trichoglossus
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4039:Oreopsittacus
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3926:Cyclopsittini
3923:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Psittaculidae
3871:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:Rhynchopsitta
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:Orthopsittaca
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:Anodorhynchus
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3530:Androglossini
3527:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:Nannopsittaca
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:Bolborhynchus
3495:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:Callocephalon
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:Nelepsittacus
3277:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3229:Namapsittidae
3226:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:Pulchrapollia
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3007:
2995:
2994:Passeriformes
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2983:Passeriformes
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:Psittacomimus
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2651:Timneh parrot
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2531:0-7641-1035-7
2528:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:0-674-00806-5
2512:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:0-86622-975-2
2496:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:0-7938-2855-4
2480:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:0-87605-443-2
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2388:0-19-910207-4
2385:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2359:1-873403-40-2
2356:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:1-85736-027-3
2286:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:0-7018-0690-7
2270:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:0-9760576-1-1
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2145:0-7641-0993-6
2142:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2118:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1304:
1298:
1282:
1276:
1260:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1232:Wings Central
1229:
1222:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1031:
1025:
1009:
1003:
999:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Alex (parrot)
971:
970:
962:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:Immanuel Kant
941:
937:
934:
930:
929:
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
908:In the book,
907:
904:
901:In the book,
900:
897:
893:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
870:
869:
864:
861:
857:
853:
850:
849:
844:
843:
837:
835:
831:
827:
821:
819:
810:
796:
792:
790:
781:
777:
775:
770:
766:
762:
761:IUCN Red List
754:
753:wings clipped
749:
740:
725:
716:
712:
708:
706:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
671:
665:
655:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
629:
624:
614:
611:
596:
588:
585:
582:
581:
575:
572:
566:
560:
556:
553:
550:
544:
540:
539:Bandama River
536:
532:
531:Guinea-Bissau
528:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
491:
490:
486:
484:
482:
475:
472:
469:
468:
462:
459:
453:
447:
443:
440:
437:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
397:
396:
392:
390:
388:
381:
364:
359:
355:
350:
349:
342:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
306:
305:tenth edition
302:
301:Carl Linnaeus
298:
295:
285:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:Timneh parrot
255:
250:
248:
244:
243:Timneh parrot
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
216:
215:
211:
209:
208:
204:
203:
201:
196:
192:
188:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
58:
57:Timneh parrot
54:
50:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4455:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4343:
4336:Psittaculini
4323:
4316:
4309:
4289:
4260:
4236:
4229:
4224:Psephotellus
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4182:Cyanoramphus
4180:
4173:
4166:Platycercini
4153:
4148:Neopsephotus
4146:
4139:
4106:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4060:Psitteuteles
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4032:Neopsittacus
4030:
4023:
4016:
4011:Glossoptilus
4009:
4004:Glossopsitta
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3962:Chalcopsitta
3960:
3940:
3933:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3857:
3850:Coracopsinae
3837:
3830:Coracopsinae
3804:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3772:Bavaripsitta
3770:
3743:
3723:Thectocercus
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3681:Ognorhynchus
3679:
3674:Leptosittaca
3672:
3665:
3658:
3653:Enicognathus
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3539:Alipiopsitta
3537:
3517:
3512:Psilopsiagon
3510:
3503:
3496:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3422:
3411:
3394:Psittacoidea
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3271:
3252:Strigopoidea
3239:
3216:
3205:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:Morsoravidae
3113:Quercypsitta
3111:
3103:
3080:
3073:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
2972:Zygodactylus
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2926:
2912:Parapasseres
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2833:
2826:Vastanavidae
2660:
2636:
2635:
2623:
2556:Honolulu Zoo
2550:African Grey
2521:
2505:
2489:
2473:
2457:
2447:
2428:
2424:
2402:(4): 39–46.
2399:
2395:
2372:
2369:Robert Scott
2346:
2314:
2310:
2279:
2263:
2248:
2216:
2212:
2182:(2): 91–96.
2179:
2175:
2152:
2135:
2117:
2108:
2100:
2083:
2049:(1): 39–46.
2046:
2042:
2036:
2014:(1): 39–46.
2011:
2007:
2001:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1861:(1): 39–46.
1858:
1854:
1844:
1823:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1797:Bono, Lisa.
1792:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:
1585:(1): 17–21.
1582:
1578:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1540:(1): 38–44.
1537:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1395:(2): 91–96.
1392:
1388:
1381:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1326:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:the original
1231:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1184:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1072:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1002:
947:
926:
919:
918:In the book
909:
902:
889:
875:
866:
859:
846:
822:
815:
793:
786:
758:
737:
722:
719:Vocalisation
713:
709:
702:
698:
684:
681:
668:
664:Talking bird
658:Intelligence
651:
647:
643:
641:
620:
607:
593:
586:
583:
577:
570:
564:
554:
516:
508:P. t. timneh
507:
494:Fraser, 1844
487:
478:
470:
464:
457:
451:
441:
420:, northwest
393:
384:
366:Common name
347:
346:
340:
331:type species
326:
308:
296:
291:
275:of West and
270:
262:P. e. timneh
261:
251:
246:
238:
225:
224:
223:
212:
207:P. erithacus
205:
176:
170:Type species
151:
150:
24:
18:
4560:iNaturalist
4480:Wikispecies
4410:Tanygnathus
4389:Prioniturus
4318:Aprosmictus
4291:Micropsitta
4262:Psittacella
4210:Platycercus
4189:Eunymphicus
4046:Parvipsitta
3969:Charminetta
3935:Cyclopsitta
3859:Psittrichas
3789:Poicephalus
3760:Psittacinae
3646:Diopsittaca
3639:Cyanopsitta
3632:Cyanoliseus
3560:Pionopsitta
3403:Psittacidae
3372:Probosciger
3312:Cacatuoidea
3261:Strigopidae
3170:See below ↓
3143:Pumiliornis
3075:Messelastur
2901:Psittacopes
2662:Poicephalus
2646:Grey parrot
2608:Psittacinae
1309:7 September
1287:7 September
1242:26 November
1137:Gill, Frank
860:Harry's Mad
769:rainforests
543:Ivory Coast
424:, southern
416:to western
414:Ivory Coast
323:grey parrot
254:grey parrot
235:grey parrot
231:Psittacinae
181:grey parrot
141:Psittacinae
137:Subfamily:
131:Psittacidae
41:Grey parrot
4684:Psittacini
4673:Categories
4396:Psittacula
4372:Mascarinus
4352:Geoffroyus
4302:Polytelini
4203:Northiella
4175:Barnardius
4132:Pezoporini
4074:Synorhacma
3976:Charmosyna
3839:Coracopsis
3806:Xenopsitta
3702:Psittacara
3660:Eupsittula
3625:Conuropsis
3469:Myiopsitta
3448:Brotogeris
3358:Lophochroa
3321:Cacatuidae
3241:Namapsitta
3136:Morsoravis
3051:Serudaptus
3030:Halcyornis
2958:Primoscens
2928:Minutornis
2857:Vastanavis
2835:Avolatavis
2757:Genera of
2352:, London.
1880:26 October
1561:26 October
1502:10566/3381
989:References
834:Henry VIII
828:, wealthy
804:Aviculture
765:vulnerable
623:long-lived
610:monogamous
559:vulnerable
273:rainforest
241:) and the
4679:Psittacus
4486:Psittacus
4471:Q10809423
4456:Psittacus
4403:Psittinus
4325:Polytelis
4311:Alisterus
4231:Psephotus
4217:Prosopeia
4155:Pezoporus
4067:Saudareos
3906:Loriculus
3892:Agapornis
3796:Psittacus
3695:Primolius
3581:Triclaria
3455:Deroptyus
3365:Nymphicus
3150:Sororavis
3023:Cyrilavis
2842:Calcardea
2770:Kingdom:
2637:Psittacus
2604:Subfamily
1713:: 36–41.
994:Footnotes
858:'s novel
617:Longevity
520:Alexander
348:Psittacus
329:) as the
297:Psittacus
226:Psittacus
214:P. timneh
152:Psittacus
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
25:Psittacus
4526:45514191
4465:Wikidata
4345:Eclectus
4196:Lathamus
4141:Neophema
4053:Pseudeos
3917:Loriinae
3782:Khwenena
3709:Pyrrhura
3615:Aratinga
3476:Pionites
3351:Eolophus
3297:Strigops
3273:Heracles
2778:Chordata
2776:Phylum:
2772:Animalia
2446:(1758):
2416:18208971
2371:(1980):
2339:11359605
2331:23417559
2241:25359919
2233:20660943
2204:33399471
2196:21877445
2063:18208971
2028:18208971
1993:22874753
1944:22866773
1901:Archived
1875:18208971
1805:17 March
1784:21697165
1727:23485821
1692:11359605
1684:23417559
1647:23 April
1641:Archived
1637:BBC News
1607:22315895
1599:22645835
1556:23391180
1511:23324468
1460:25359919
1452:20660943
1417:33399471
1409:21877445
1373:23582929
1265:18 March
1155:9 August
1099:(1840).
1054:(1758).
1036:27 March
1014:27 March
983:Hatebeak
967:See also
942:'s play
694:toddlers
673:—
670:parrots.
604:Breeding
513:, 1844
422:Tanzania
406:Príncipe
354:Linnaeus
288:Taxonomy
198:Species
187:Linnaeus
158:Linnaeus
127:Family:
101:Chordata
97:Phylum:
91:Animalia
77:Domain:
4651:ZooBank
4552:2480180
3953:Loriini
3735:Forpini
3667:Guaruba
3574:Pyrilia
3546:Amazona
3330:Cacatua
3082:Tynskya
2794:Clade:
2788:Clade:
2782:Class:
2759:parrots
2625:Species
2129:Sources
1984:3441070
1775:3210682
1735:8941010
1211:18 June
1186:18 June
565:Habitat
522:, 1909
452:Habitat
337:Species
307:of his
303:in the
147:Genus:
117:Order:
107:Class:
4617:332937
4578:177607
4539:1PSTCG
4025:Lorius
3745:Forpus
3567:Pionus
3435:Arinae
3290:Nestor
2529:
2513:
2497:
2481:
2465:
2414:
2386:
2367:&
2357:
2337:
2329:
2298:
2287:
2271:
2255:
2239:
2231:
2202:
2194:
2143:
2061:
2026:
1991:
1981:
1942:
1907:19 May
1873:
1832:
1782:
1772:
1733:
1725:
1690:
1682:
1605:
1597:
1554:
1509:
1458:
1450:
1415:
1407:
1371:
1334:
1079:
978:N'kisi
882:
511:Fraser
446:irises
430:Angola
372:Range
345:Genus
4638:Plazi
4630:39361
4604:13239
4565:19268
4500:84292
3592:Arini
3519:Touit
3379:Zanda
2616:Genus
2412:S2CID
2335:S2CID
2237:S2CID
2200:S2CID
2059:S2CID
2024:S2CID
1871:S2CID
1731:S2CID
1688:S2CID
1603:S2CID
1456:S2CID
1413:S2CID
830:Roman
789:CITES
418:Kenya
410:Bioko
315:Latin
294:genus
4599:NCBI
4573:ITIS
4547:GBIF
4534:EPPO
4513:74CC
4495:BOLD
4088:Vini
2992:See
2784:Aves
2527:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2327:PMID
2296:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2229:PMID
2192:PMID
2141:ISBN
1989:PMID
1940:PMID
1909:2011
1882:2015
1830:ISBN
1807:2014
1780:PMID
1723:PMID
1680:PMID
1649:2010
1595:PMID
1563:2015
1552:PMID
1507:PMID
1448:PMID
1405:PMID
1369:PMID
1332:ISBN
1311:2011
1289:2011
1267:2014
1244:2007
1213:2012
1188:2012
1157:2021
1077:ISBN
1038:2014
1016:2014
880:ISBN
848:Next
690:Alex
650:and
571:Diet
555:Size
535:Mali
458:Diet
442:Size
408:and
358:1758
292:The
256:and
191:1758
162:1758
111:Aves
4586:NBN
4521:EoL
4508:CoL
3997:Eos
3608:Ara
2433:doi
2404:doi
2319:doi
2221:doi
2184:doi
2051:doi
2016:doi
1979:PMC
1971:doi
1967:279
1932:doi
1928:126
1863:doi
1770:PMC
1762:doi
1715:doi
1672:doi
1587:doi
1542:doi
1497:hdl
1487:doi
1440:doi
1397:doi
1361:doi
1357:149
938:In
894:by
541:in
249:).
4675::
4653::
4640::
4627::
4614::
4601::
4588::
4575::
4562::
4549::
4536::
4523::
4510::
4497::
4482::
4467::
2606::
2429:98
2427:.
2410:.
2400:15
2398:.
2333:.
2325:.
2315:16
2313:.
2235:.
2227:.
2217:48
2215:.
2198:.
2190:.
2180:25
2178:.
2092:^
2071:^
2057:.
2047:15
2045:.
2022:.
2012:15
2010:.
1987:.
1977:.
1965:.
1961:.
1938:.
1926:.
1869:.
1859:15
1857:.
1853:.
1778:.
1768:.
1756:.
1752:.
1729:.
1721:.
1711:96
1709:.
1686:.
1678:.
1668:16
1666:.
1635:.
1601:.
1593:.
1583:26
1581:.
1550:.
1538:42
1536:.
1532:.
1505:.
1495:.
1483:94
1481:.
1477:.
1454:.
1446:.
1436:48
1434:.
1411:.
1403:.
1393:25
1391:.
1367:.
1355:.
1230:.
1196:^
1147:.
573::
567::
460::
454::
356:,
351:–
333:.
189:,
160:,
4378:†
4368:†
4358:†
3802:†
3778:†
3768:†
3737:"
3733:"
3621:†
3490:"
3486:"
3420:†
3279:†
3269:†
3237:†
3214:†
3124:†
3108:?
3093:†
3067:?
3062:†
3015:?
3010:†
2939:†
2924:†
2868:†
2845:?
2823:†
2750:e
2743:t
2736:v
2596:e
2589:t
2582:v
2451:.
2439:.
2435::
2418:.
2406::
2341:.
2321::
2302:.
2243:.
2223::
2206:.
2186::
2065:.
2053::
2030:.
2018::
1995:.
1973::
1946:.
1934::
1911:.
1884:.
1865::
1838:.
1809:.
1786:.
1764::
1758:7
1737:.
1717::
1694:.
1674::
1651:.
1609:.
1589::
1565:.
1544::
1513:.
1499::
1489::
1462:.
1442::
1419:.
1399::
1375:.
1363::
1340:.
1313:.
1291:.
1269:.
1246:.
1215:.
1190:.
1159:.
1085:.
1040:.
1018:.
935:.
755:)
561:.
545:.
432:.
325:(
245:(
237:(
183:)
179:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
