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conclusion in this regard was made by a 2002 study of homicide offenders, which reported that the homicides committed by homicidal offenders with psychopathy were almost always (93.3%) primarily instrumental, significantly more than the proportion (48.4%) of those committed by non-psychopathic homicidal offenders, with the instrumentality of the homicide also correlated with the total PCL-R score of the offender as well as their scores on the Factor 1 "interpersonal-affective" dimension. However, contrary to the equating of this to mean exclusively "in cold blood", more than a third of the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders involved some component of emotional reactivity as well. In any case, FBI profilers indicate that serious victim injury is generally an emotional offense, and some research supports this, at least with regard to sexual offending. One study has found more serious offending by non-psychopathic offenders on average than by offenders with psychopathy (e.g. more homicides versus more armed robbery and property offenses) and another that the
Affective facet of the PCL-R predicted reduced offense seriousness.
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This small to moderate effect appears to be due largely to the scale items that assess impulsive behaviors and past criminal history, which are well-established but very general risk factors. The aspects of core personality often held to be distinctively psychopathic generally show little or no predictive link to crime by themselves. For example, Factor 1 of the PCL-R and
Fearless dominance of the PPI-R have smaller or no relationship to crime, including violent crime. In contrast, Factor 2 and Impulsive antisociality of the PPI-R are associated more strongly with criminality. Factor 2 has a relationship of similar strength to that of the PCL-R as a whole. The antisocial facet of the PCL-R is still predictive of future violence after controlling for past criminal behavior which, together with results regarding the PPI-R which by design does not include past criminal behavior, suggests that impulsive behaviors is an independent risk factor. Thus, the concept of psychopathy may perform poorly when attempted to be used as a general theory of crime.
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Some studies have found that high testosterone levels are associated with antisocial and aggressive behaviors, yet other research suggests that testosterone alone does not cause aggression but increases dominance-seeking. It is unclear from studies if psychopathy correlates with high testosterone levels, but a few studies have found that disruption of serotonin neurotransmission disrupts cortisol reactivity to a stress-inducing speech task. Thus, dysregulation of serotonin in the brain may contribute to the low cortisol levels observed in psychopathy. Cortisol increases withdrawal behavior and sensitivity to punishment and aversive conditioning, which are abnormally low in individuals with psychopathy and may underlie their impaired aversion learning and disinhibited behavior. High testosterone levels combined with low serotonin levels are associated with "impulsive and highly negative reactions", and may increase violent aggression when an individual is provoked or becomes frustrated. Several animal studies note the role of
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those referred to as the "emotional components", or interpersonal-affective traits, of psychopathy. Factors such as boldness, disinhibition, and meanness as defined in the triarchic model, in combination with other advantages such as a favorable upbringing and high intelligence, are thought to correlate with stress immunity and stability, and may contribute to this particular expression. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths" or "corporate psychopaths" and they may not always have extensive histories of traditional criminal or antisocial behavior characteristic of the traditional conceptualization of psychopathy. Robert Hare claims that the prevalence of psychopathic traits is higher in the business world than in the general population, reporting that while about 1% of the general population meet the clinical criteria for psychopathy, figures of around 3–4% have been cited for more senior positions in business. Hare considers newspaper tycoon
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pattern of results across studies indicates that people diagnosed with psychopathy demonstrate reduced MRI, fMRI, aMRI, PET, and SPECT activity in areas of the brain. Research has also shown that an approximate 18% smaller amygdala size contributes to a significantly lower emotional sensation in regards to fear, sadness, amongst other negative emotions, which may likely be the reason as to why psychopathic individuals have lower empathy. Some recent fMRI studies have reported that emotion perception deficits in psychopathy are pervasive across emotions (positives and negatives). Studies on children with psychopathic tendencies have also shown such associations. Meta-analyses have also found evidence of impairments in both vocal and facial emotional recognition for several emotions (i.e., not only fear and sadness) in both adults and children/adolescents.
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programs in correctional settings. It has been suggested that the treatments that may be most likely to be effective at reducing overt antisocial and criminal behavior are those that focus on self-interest, emphasizing the tangible, material value of prosocial behavior, with interventions that develop skills to obtain what the patient wants out of life in prosocial rather than antisocial ways. To this end, various therapies have been tried with the aim of reducing the criminal activity of incarcerated offenders with psychopathy, with mixed success. As psychopathic individuals are insensitive to sanction, reward-based management, in which small privileges are granted in exchange for good behavior, has been suggested and used to manage their behavior in institutional settings.
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component (including features such as lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, lack of empathy and failure to accept responsibility for one's actions) and lower scores on the other components than did a comparison group of the hospital's patients without
Asperger syndrome. (...) In Sweden, however, Nilsson and Soderstrom et al (2005) found that the total PCL–R scores, as well as scores on the 'unemotionality' and 'behavioural dyscontrol' factors, were significantly correlated with high-functioning autistic traits. The 'interpersonal' factor of the PCL–R showed none of these correlations, leading the authors to conclude that scores on this factor may capture features that are specific to psychopathy, distinguishing core psychopathy from other diagnostic definitions.
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with an accuracy similar to the PCL-R and some of these are considerably easier, quicker, and less expensive to administer. This may even be done automatically by a computer simply based on data such as age, gender, number of previous convictions and age of first conviction. Some of these assessments may also identify treatment change and goals, identify quick changes that may help short-term management, identify more specific kinds of violence that may be at risk, and may have established specific probabilities of offending for specific scores. Nonetheless, the PCL-R may continue to be popular for risk assessment because of its pioneering role and the large amount of research done using it.
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contribute to the scoring of the Facet 1 (interpersonal) items, mainly through self-assurance, unrealistic optimism, brazenness and imperturbability. Indeed, while self-report studies have been inconsistent using the two-factor model of the PCL-R, studies which separate Factor 1 into interpersonal and affective facets, more regularly show modest associations between Facet 1 and low anxiety, boldness and fearless dominance (especially items assessing glibness/charm and grandiosity). When both psychopathy and low anxiety/boldness are measured using interviews, both interpersonal and affective facets are both associated with fearlessness and lack of internalizing disorders.
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students) rather than prisoners, though may be used with the latter. It was revised in 2005 to become the PPI-R and now comprises 154 items organized into eight subscales. The item scores have been found to group into two overarching and largely separate factors (unlike the PCL-R factors), Fearless-Dominance and
Impulsive Antisociality, plus a third factor, Coldheartedness, which is largely dependent on scores on the other two. Factor 1 is associated with social efficacy while Factor 2 is associated with maladaptive tendencies. A person may score at different levels on the different factors, but the overall score indicates the extent of psychopathic personality.
1143:, and frontal-lobe dysfunction, which frequently results in underlying disorders being dismissed. Hare's conception of psychopathy has also been criticized for being reductionist, dismissive, tautological, and ignorant of context as well as the dynamic nature of human behavior. Some have called for rejection of the concept altogether, due to its vague, subjective and judgmental nature that makes it prone to misuse. A systematic review determined that the PCL is weakly predictive of criminal behavior, but not of lack of conscience, or treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. These findings contradict widespread beliefs amongst professionals in forensics.
2047:(such as the uncinate fasciculus). The evidence suggested that the degree of abnormality was significantly related to the degree of psychopathy and may explain the offending behaviors. Furthermore, changes in the amygdala have been associated with "callous-unemotional" traits in children. However, the amygdala has also been associated with positive emotions, and there have been inconsistent results in the studies in particular areas, which may be due to methodological issues. Others have cast doubt on the amygdala as important for psychopathy, with one meta-analysis suggesting that most studies on the amygdala and psychopathy find
1584:(since many of his patients were "well educated and from middle-class or upper-class backgrounds") and that "there is no obvious theoretical reason why the disorder described by Cleckley or other clinicians should be related to intelligence; some psychopaths are bright, others less so". Studies also indicate that different aspects of the definition of psychopathy (e.g. interpersonal, affective (emotion), behavioral and lifestyle components) can show different links to intelligence, and the result can depend on the type of intelligence assessment (e.g. verbal, creative, practical, analytical).
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by parents or teachers for individuals aged 6–13 years. High psychopathy scores for both juveniles (as measured with these instruments) and adults (as measured with the PCL-R and other measurement tools) have similar associations with other variables, including similar ability in predicting violence and criminality. Juvenile psychopathy may also be associated with more negative emotionality such as anger, hostility, anxiety, and depression. Psychopathic traits in youth typically comprise three factors: callous/unemotional, narcissism, and impulsivity/irresponsibility.
2554:. They may be used for risk assessment and for assessing treatment potential and be used as part of the decisions regarding bail, sentence, which prison to use, parole, and regarding whether a youth should be tried as a juvenile or as an adult. There have been several criticisms against its use in legal settings. They include the general criticisms against the PCL-R, the availability of other risk assessment tools which may have advantages, and the excessive pessimism surrounding the prognosis and treatment possibilities of those who are diagnosed with psychopathy.
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conduct disorder also have ADHD. Some evidence indicates that this group has deficits in behavioral inhibition, similar to that of adults with psychopathy. They may not be more likely than those with conduct disorder alone to have the interpersonal/affective features and the deficits in emotional processing characteristic of adults with psychopathy. Proponents of different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this type as possibly corresponding to adult secondary psychopathy and increased disinhibition in the triarchic model.
1959:, psychopathic individuals have also had difficulty switching from an ongoing action despite environmental cues signaling a need to do so. This may explain the difficulty responding to punishment, although it is unclear if it can explain findings such as deficient conditioning. There may be methodological issues regarding the research. While establishing a range of idiosyncrasies on average in linguistic and affective processing under certain conditions, this research program has not confirmed a common pathology of psychopathy.
1320:, which describes the emotional deficits and the callous and exploitative interpersonal style found in psychopathy. The prevalence of psychopathy among domestic abusers indicate that the core characteristics of psychopathy, such as callousness, remorselessness, and a lack of close interpersonal bonds, predispose those with psychopathy to committing domestic abuse, and suggest that the domestic abuses committed by these individuals are callously perpetrated (i.e. instrumentally aggressive) rather than a case of emotional
674:, though this usage is outdated in medicine and psychiatry. Psychopathy, however, is a highly popular construct in the psychology literature. Furthermore, the DSM-5 introduced the dimensional model of personality disorders in Section III, which includes a specifier for psychopathic traits. According to the DSM, psychopathy is not a standalone diagnosis, but the authors attempted to measure "psychopathic traits" via a specifier. In one study, the "Psychopathic Features Specifier" has been modeled on Factor 1 of the
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1649:—an absence of, indifference towards, or disregard for moral beliefs. There are few firm data on patterns of moral judgment. Studies of developmental level (sophistication) of moral reasoning found all possible results—lower, higher or the same as non-psychopaths. Studies that compared judgments of personal moral transgressions versus judgments of breaking conventional rules or laws found that psychopaths rated them as equally severe, whereas non-psychopaths rated the rule-breaking as less severe.
1968:
917:(a meaner, more aggressive and disinhibited conception explicitly entailing persistent and sometimes serious criminal behavior). The latter conceptualization is typically used as the modern clinical concept and assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist. The label "psychopath" may have implications and stigma related to decisions about punishment severity for criminal acts, medical treatment, civil commitments, etc. Efforts have therefore been made to clarify the meaning of the term.
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income, and coming from a disrupted family. Other significant factors included poor supervision, abuse, harsh discipline, large family size, delinquent sibling, young mother, depressed mother, low social class, and poor housing. There has also been association between psychopathy and detrimental treatment by peers. However, it is difficult to determine the extent of an environmental influence on the development of psychopathy because of evidence of its strong heritability.
1540:, including damage to these regions, with violent and psychopathic behavior. Patients with damage in such areas resembled "psychopathic individuals" whose brains were incapable of acquiring social and moral knowledge; those who acquired damage as children may have trouble conceptualizing social or moral reasoning, while those with adult-acquired damage may be aware of proper social and moral conduct but be unable to behave appropriately. Dysfunctions in the amygdala and
678:, known as Fearless Dominance. To some, it is evidence of psychopathy not being a more extreme version of ASPD, but as an emergent compound trait that manifests when Antisocial Personality Disorder is present in combination with high levels of Fearless Dominance (or Boldness as it's known in the Triarchic Model). Analyses showed that this Section III ASPD greatly outperformed Section II ASPD in predicting scores on Hare’s (2003) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.
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Nonsense. To this writer's mind, psychopathy and its synonyms (e.g., sociopathy and antisocial personality) are lazy diagnoses. Over the years the authors' team has seen scores of offenders who, prior to evaluation by the authors, were dismissed as psychopaths or the like. Detailed, comprehensive psychiatric, neurological, and neuropsychological evaluations have uncovered a multitude of signs, symptoms, and behaviors indicative of such disorders as
1984:
tendencies stated, "With regard to psychopathy, we have clear indications regarding why the pathology gives rise to the emotional and behavioral disturbance and important insights into the neural systems implicated in this pathology". Dadds et al., remarks that despite a rapidly advancing neuroscience of empathy, little is known about the developmental underpinnings of the psychopathic disconnect between affective and cognitive empathy.
1183:, a clinical neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Without that awareness, people relying exclusively on reasoning seem to find it harder to sort their way through moral thickets. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability?"
2125:, may interact with other serotoninergic genes to create a hyper-regulation and dampening of affective processes that results in psychopathy's emotional impairments. Furthermore, the combination of the 5-HTTLPR long allele and high testosterone levels has been found to result in a reduced response to threat as measured by cortisol reactivity, which mirrors the fear deficits found in those with psychopathy.
1656:) amount of welfare found no significant differences between subjects high and low in psychopathy. However, a further study using the same tests found that prisoners scoring high on the PCL were more likely to endorse impersonal harm or rule violations than non-psychopathic controls were. The psychopathic offenders who scored low in anxiety were also more willing to endorse personal harm on average.
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prevalence of 0.6% scoring 13 or more. However, if the scoring was adjusted to the recommended 18 or more, this would have left the prevalence closer to 0.1%. The scores correlated with younger age, male gender, suicide attempts, violence, imprisonment, homelessness, drug dependence, personality disorders (histrionic, borderline and antisocial), and panic and obsessive–compulsive disorders.
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from psychopathy, for example". Psychopathy and machiavellianism were also correlated similarly in responses to affective stimuli, and both are negatively correlated with recognition of facial emotions. Many have suggested merging the dark triad traits (especially
Machiavellianism and psychopathy) into one construct, given empirical studies which show immense overlap.
973:. Lacking empathy and close attachments with others, disdain of close attachments, use of cruelty to gain empowerment, exploitative tendencies, defiance of authority, and destructive excitement seeking. The PCL-R in general is related to this but in particular some elements in Factor 1. Similar to PPI, but also includes elements of subscales in impulsive antisociality.
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mid-adolescence to adulthood. In one study most of the similarities were on the
Impulsive- and Antisocial-Behavior scales. Of those adolescents who scored in the top 5% highest psychopathy scores at age 13, less than one third (29%) were classified as psychopathic at age 24. Some recent studies have also found poorer ability at predicting long-term, adult offending.
1021:). They suggest that while for legal or other practical purposes an arbitrary cut-off point on trait scores might be used, there is actually no clear scientific evidence for an objective point of difference by which to label some people "psychopaths"; in other words, a "psychopath" may be more accurately described as someone who is "relatively psychopathic".
1001:, may underlie PCL-R psychopathy, allowing it to be measured and analyzed. However, this was only found for the behavioral Factor 2 items they identified, child problem behaviors; adult criminal behavior did not support the existence of a taxon. Marcus, John, and Edens more recently performed a series of statistical analyses on
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DSM allows differentiating between childhood onset before age 10 and adolescent onset at age 10 and later. Childhood onset is argued to be more due to a personality disorder caused by neurological deficits interacting with an adverse environment. For many, but not all, childhood onset is associated with what is in
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However, psychologists
Fritzon and Board, in their study comparing the incidence of personality disorders in business executives against criminals detained in a mental hospital, found that the profiles of some senior business managers contained significant elements of personality disorders, including
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are ineffective at modifying the behavior of psychopathic individuals as they are insensitive to punishment or threat. These failures have led to a widely pessimistic view on its treatment prospects, a view that is exacerbated by the little research being done into psychopathy compared to the efforts
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It has been suggested that psychopathy may be comorbid with several other conditions than these, but limited work on comorbidity has been carried out. This may be partly due to difficulties in using inpatient groups from certain institutions to assess comorbidity, owing to the likelihood of some bias
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to affect the predictive ability of the PCL-R. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine and are, therefore, capable of influencing feelings, mood, and behavior in individuals. Findings suggest that further research is
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individuals, relative to the population of psychopathic individuals, to be exploited. It is also suggested that some traits associated with psychopathy such as early, promiscuous, adulterous, and coercive sexuality may increase reproductive success. Robert Hare has stated that many psychopathic males
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have also been observed in psychopathy. For example, psychopathic antisocial personality traits are more noticeable in males while histrionic personality traits are more evident in females. In addition, women are more likely to experience internalizing psychopathology than men and males may exhibit a
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to emotional stimuli, deficits in aversive conditioning, similar preferences in moral and economic decision making, and diminished empathy and social emotions like guilt or shame. These emotional and moral impairments may be especially severe when the brain injury occurs at a young age. Children with
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studies of the personality characteristics typical of individuals with psychopathy have found moderate genetic (as well as non-genetic) influences. On the PPI, fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality were similarly influenced by genetic factors and uncorrelated with each other. Genetic factors
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The PCL:YV is an adaptation of the PCL-R for individuals aged 13–18 years. It is, like the PCL-R, done by a trained rater based on an interview and an examination of criminal and other records. The "Antisocial
Process Screening Device" (APSD) is also an adaptation of the PCL-R. It can be administered
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Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate, and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations, and empty wallets. Completely lacking in conscience and in feelings for others, they selfishly take what they want and do as they please,
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In the United
Kingdom, "psychopathic disorder" was legally defined in the Mental Health Act (UK), under MHA1983, as "a persistent disorder or disability of mind (whether or not including significant impairment of intelligence) which results in abnormally aggressive or seriously irresponsible conduct
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of the PCL-R can be high when used carefully in research but tend to be poor in applied settings. In particular Factor 1 items are somewhat subjective. In sexually violent predator cases the PCL-R scores given by prosecution experts were consistently higher than those given by defense experts in one
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may be effective in reducing various behavioral dysfunctions in a sample of high-security hospital inpatients with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathic traits. However, research into the pharmacological treatment of psychopathy and the related condition antisocial personality disorder is
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Although the core character deficits of highly psychopathic individuals are likely to be highly incorrigible to the currently available treatment methods, the antisocial and criminal behavior associated with it may be more amenable to management, the management of which being the main aim of therapy
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in terms of fearlessness, planning of acts, empathy deficits, callous behaviour, and sometimes superficial charisma. Studies investigating similarities and differences between psychopathy and autism indicate that autism and psychopathy are not part of the same construct. Rather both conditions might
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studies, experts are able to visualize specific brain differences and abnormalities of individuals with psychopathy in areas that control emotions, social interactions, ethics, morality, regret, impulsivity and conscience within the brain. Blair, a researcher who pioneered research into psychopathic
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Psychopathy is associated with several adverse life outcomes as well as increased risk of disability and death due to factors such as violence, accidents, homicides, and suicides. This, in combination with the evidence for genetic influences, is evolutionarily puzzling and may suggest that there are
1844:
Psychopathy is a personality disorder of affective, interpersonal, and behavioral dimensions that begins in childhood and manifests as aggressive actions in early or late adolescence. Childhood trauma affects vulnerability to different forms of psychopathology and traits associated with it. Parental
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may be associated with life-course-persistent antisocial behaviors as well as psychopathy. There is evidence that this combination is more aggressive and antisocial than those with conduct disorder alone. However, it is not a particularly distinct group since the vast majority of young children with
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Conduct disorder is diagnosed based on a prolonged pattern of antisocial behavior in childhood and/or adolescence, and may be seen as a precursor to ASPD. Some researchers have speculated that there are two subtypes of conduct disorder which mark dual developmental pathways to adult psychopathy. The
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violence. In addition, studies conducted by the authors or translators of violence prediction measures, including the PCL, show on average more positive results than those conducted by more independent investigators. There are several other risk assessment instruments which can predict further crime
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with institutional misbehavior, postrelease crime, or postrelease violent crime with similar effects for the three outcomes. Individual studies give similar results for adult offenders, forensic psychiatric samples, community samples, and youth. The PCL-R is poorer at predicting sexual re-offending.
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is preferred by those who believe that there are psychological, biological, and genetic factors involved in addition to environmental factors. Hare also provides his own definitions: he describes psychopathy as lacking a sense of empathy or morality, but sociopathy as only differing from the average
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Psychopathy has a much higher prevalence in the convicted and incarcerated population, where it is thought that an estimated 15–25% of prisoners qualify for the diagnosis. A study on a sample of inmates in the UK found that 7.7% of the inmates interviewed met the PCL-R cut-off of 30 for a diagnosis
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metabolite). Studies have found that individuals with the traits meeting criteria for psychopathy show a greater dopamine response to potential "rewards" such as monetary promises or taking drugs such as amphetamines. This has been theoretically linked to increased impulsivity. A 2010 British study
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Considerable research has documented the presence of the two subtypes of primary and secondary psychopathy. Proponents of the primary-secondary psychopathy distinction and triarchic model argue that there are neurological differences between these subgroups of psychopathy which support their views.
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lack the ability to empathically feel their way to moral answers, and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading
Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when
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Nioche A, Pham T, Ducro C, De Beaurepaire C, Chudzik L, Courtois R, Réveillère C (2010). "Psychopathie et troubles de la personnalité associés: Recherche d'un effet particulier au trouble borderline ?" [Psychopathy and associated personality disorders: Searching for a particular effect of
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Starting in the 1930s, before some modern concepts of psychopathy were developed, "sexual psychopath" laws, the term referring broadly to mental illness, were introduced by some states, and by the mid-1960s more than half of the states had such laws. Sexual offenses were considered to be caused by
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pattern. Studies on this have shown mixed results. PCL-R scores may be somewhat less predictive of violence and recidivism in women. On the other hand, psychopathy may have a stronger relationship with suicide and possibly internalizing symptoms in women. A suggestion is that psychopathy manifests
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The TriPM includes various components of other measures for assessing psychopathy, including meanness and disinhibition patterns within the psychopathic personality. However, there are differing approaches in the measurement of the boldness construct. The boldness construct is used to highlighting
1907:
Criticism includes that it may be better to look at the contributing personality factors rather than treat psychopathy as a unitary concept due to poor testability. Furthermore, if psychopathy is caused by the combined effects of a very large number of adverse mutations then each mutation may have
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The importance of low anxiety/fearlessness to psychopathy has historically been underscored through behavioral and physiological studies showing diminished responses to threatening stimuli (interpersonal and affective facets both contributing). However, it is not known whether this is reflected in
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In the UK, Murphy (2007) found that none of the patients with Asperger syndrome at Broadmoor Hospital received an overall score on the PCL–R above the cut-off for psychopathy. Interestingly, in the different domains of the PCL–R these individuals frequently received higher scores on the affective
5839:
Results indicated that primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of positive affect from sad stimuli, while secondary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of negative affect in response to neutral stimuli"---
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rates, though it is noted that one of the frequently cited studies finding increased criminal recidivism after treatment, a 2011 retrospective study of a treatment program in the 1960s, had several serious methodological problems and likely would not be approved of today. However, some relatively
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Starting in 1970, many of these laws were modified or abolished in favor of more traditional responses such as imprisonment due to criticism of the "sexual psychopath" concept as lacking scientific evidence, the treatment being ineffective, and predictions of future offending being dubious. There
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Studies have also found that women in prison score significantly lower on psychopathy than men, with one study reporting only 11 percent of violent females in prison met the psychopathy criteria in comparison to 31 percent of violent males. Other studies have also indicated that high psychopathic
2231:
The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, otherwise known as the TriPM, is a 58-item, self-report assessment that measures psychopathy within the three traits identified in the triarchic model: boldness, meanness and disinhibition. Each trait is measured on separate subscales and added up resulting in a
2095:
have been theorized as contributing factors. Testosterone is "associated with approach-related behavior, reward sensitivity, and fear reduction", and injecting testosterone "shift the balance from punishment to reward sensitivity", decreases fearfulness, and increases "responding to angry faces".
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across multiple settings and relationships. The specifier is based on research which suggests that those with conduct disorder who also meet criteria for the specifier tend to have a more severe form of the disorder with an earlier onset as well as a different response to treatment. Proponents of
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into homes with a non-offending parent and children, it has been advised that any sex offender with a significant criminal history should be assessed on the PCL-R, and if they score 18 or higher, then they should be excluded from any consideration of being placed in a home with children under any
1387:, psychopathy was associated with more offences. A study on the relationship between psychopathy scores and types of aggression in a sample of sexual murderers, in which 84.2% of the sample had PCL-R scores above 20 and 47.4% above 30, found that 82.4% of those with scores above 30 had engaged in
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In terms of simple correlations, the PCL-R manual states an average score of 22.1 has been found in North American prisoner samples, and that 20.5% scored 30 or higher. An analysis of prisoner samples from outside North America found a somewhat lower average value of 17.5. Studies have found that
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has asserted that the difference that most miss is that while both are characterized by manipulativeness and unemotionality, psychopaths tend to be more reckless. One study asserted that "the ability to adapt, reappraise and reassess a situation may be key factors differentiating Machiavellianism
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Research on psychopathy has largely been done on men and the PCL-R was developed using mainly male criminal samples, raising the question of how well the results apply to women. Men score higher than women on both the PCL-R and the PPI and on both of their main scales. The differences tend to be
1671:
studies have identified potential genetic and non-genetic contributors to psychopathy, including influences on brain function. Proponents of the triarchic model believe that psychopathy results from the interaction of genetic predispositions and an adverse environment. What is adverse may differ
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regions. The underlying biological surfaces for processing expressions of happiness are functionally intact in psychopaths, although less responsive than those of controls. The neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear. The overall
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hospital in Georgia to provide a description for psychopathy. Cleckley used the metaphor of the "mask" to refer to the tendency of psychopaths to appear confident, personable, and well-adjusted compared to most psychiatric patients, while revealing underlying pathology through their actions over
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study of how individuals with psychopathy respond to emotional words, widespread differences in activation patterns have been shown across the temporal lobe when psychopathic criminals were compared to "normal" volunteers, which is consistent with views in clinical psychology. Additionally, the
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A study by Farrington of a sample of London males followed between age 8 and 48 included studying which factors scored 10 or more on the PCL:SV at age 48. The strongest factors included having a convicted parent, being physically neglected, low involvement of the father with the boy, low family
1114:
The concept and subsequent reification of the diagnosis "psychopathy" has, to this author's mind, hampered the understanding of criminality and violence. According to Hare, in many cases one need not even meet the patient. Just rummage through his records to determine what items seemed to fit.
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to staff above their level in the workplace hierarchy, aiding their ascent through the organization, but abusive to staff below their level, and can do enormous damage when they are positioned in senior management roles. Psychopathy as measured by the PCL-R is associated with lower performance
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There is limited research on psychopathy in the general work populace, in part because the PCL-R includes antisocial behavior as a significant core factor (obtaining a PCL-R score above the threshold is unlikely without having significant scores on the antisocial-lifestyle factor) and does not
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A 2008 study using the PCL:SV found that 1.2% of a US sample scored 13 or more out of 24, indicating "potential psychopathy". The scores correlated significantly with violence, alcohol use, and lower intelligence. A 2009 British study by Coid et al., also using the PCL:SV, reported a community
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Unlike the PCL, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) was developed to comprehensively index personality traits without explicitly referring to antisocial or criminal behaviors themselves. It is a self-report scale that was developed originally for non-clinical samples (e.g. university
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in adulthood remains an active research question. According to Hervey M. Cleckley, a psychopathic person is someone who is able to imitate a normal functioning person, while masking or concealing their lack of internal personality structure. This results in an internal disorder with recurrent
1473:
There is positive correlation between early negative life events of the ages 0–4 and the emotion-based aspects of psychopathy. There are moderate to high correlations between psychopathy rankings from late childhood to early adolescence. The correlations are considerably lower from early- or
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It has been suggested that psychopathy is associated with "instrumental aggression", also known as predatory, proactive, or "cold blooded" aggression, a form of aggression characterized by reduced emotion and conducted with a goal differing from but facilitated by the commission of harm. One
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repeated the study on a larger sample of prisoners, using the PCL-R and seeking to rule out other experimental or statistical issues that may have produced the previously different findings. They again found that the psychopathy measurements do not appear to be identifying a discrete type (a
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Factor 1 and the boldness scale of psychopathy measurements are associated with narcissism and histrionic personality disorder. This is due to a psychopath's cognitive and affective egocentrism. However, while a narcissistic individual might view themselves as confident, they might seek out
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violence (defined as enjoyment indicated by self-report or evidence) compared to 52.6% of those with scores below 30, and total PCL-R and Factor 1 scores correlated significantly with sadistic violence. Despite this, it is reported that offenders with psychopathy (both sexual and non-sexual
1250:
Cleckley's (1941) original description of psychopathy included the absence of nervousness and neurotic disorders, and later theorists referred to psychopaths as fearless or thick-skinned. While it is often claimed that the PCL-R does not include low anxiety or fearlessness, such features do
10324:
2639:, including registration, housing restrictions, public notification, mandatory reporting by health care professionals, and civil commitment, which permits indefinite confinement after a sentence has been completed. Psychopathy measurements may be used in the confinement decision process.
1535:
regions of the brain have been associated with specific learning impairments in psychopathy. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which regulates the activity in the amygdala, leads to common characteristics in psychopathic individuals.Since the 1980s, scientists have linked
1746:
early damage in the prefrontal cortex may never fully develop social or moral reasoning and become "psychopathic individuals ... characterized by high levels of aggression and antisocial behavior performed without guilt or empathy for their victims". Additionally, damage to the
1383:, with some researchers arguing that it is correlated with a preference for violent sexual behavior. A 2011 study of conditional releases for Canadian male federal offenders found that psychopathy was related to more violent and non-violent offences but not more sexual offences. For
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argues that Hitler's actions do not warrant a diagnosis of psychopathy as, although he showed several characteristics of criminality, he was not always egocentric, callously disregarding of feelings or lacking impulse control, and there is no proof he could not learn from mistakes.
1179:
they were confronted by a difficult issue – in this case as whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city – these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with typically functioning brains. According to
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study. The scoring may also be influenced by other differences between raters. In one study it was estimated that of the PCL-R variance, about 45% was due to true offender differences, 20% was due to which side the rater testified for, and 30% was due to other rater differences.
1453:
fanaticism often to the extreme of sacrificing oneself for an ideological cause. Traits such as a self-centered disposition, unreliability, poor behavioral controls, and unusual behaviors may disadvantage or preclude psychopathic individuals in conducting organized terrorism.
1659:
Assessing accidents, where one person harmed another unintentionally, psychopaths judged such actions to be more morally permissible. This result has been considered a reflection of psychopaths' failure to appreciate the emotional aspect of the victim's harmful experience.
12578:
Boddy. C. R (2005) "'The Implications for Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Corporate Psychopaths" in 2nd International Conference on Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility, ed. M. Hopkins, Middlesex University Business School,
1999:
regions that are involved in emotional and learning processes, among others. Neuroimaging studies have found structural and functional differences between those scoring high and low on the PCL-R in a 2011 review by Skeem et al. stating that they are "most notably in the
2271:
The first edition of the DSM in 1952 had a section on sociopathic personality disturbances, then a general term that included such things as homosexuality and alcoholism as well as an "antisocial reaction" and "dyssocial reaction". The latter two eventually became
2753:
psychopaths have a natural advantage in workplaces overrun by abusive supervision, and are more likely to thrive under abusive bosses, being more resistant to stress, including interpersonal abuse, and having less of a need for positive relationships than others.
961:. Poor impulse control including problems with planning and foresight, lacking affect and urge control, demand for immediate gratification, and poor behavioral restraints. Similar to PCL-R Factor 2 and PPI impulsive antisociality. May correspond to impairments in
1024:
The PCL-R was developed for research, not clinical forensic diagnosis, and even for research purposes to improve understanding of the underlying issues, it is necessary to examine dimensions of personality in general rather than only a constellation of traits.
8524:
Decety, J., & Skelly, L. (2013). The neural underpinnings of the experience of empathy: Lessons for psychopathy. In K. N. Ochsner and S. M. Kosslyn (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience – Volume 2 (pp. 228-243). New York: Oxford University
835:(DSM) had some key similarities to Cleckley's ideas, though in 1980 when renamed Antisocial Personality Disorder some of the underlying personality assumptions were removed. In 1980, Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare introduced an alternative measure, the "
1737:, with psychopathic behavior and a deficient ability to make morally and socially acceptable decisions, a condition that has been termed "acquired sociopathy", or "pseudopsychopathy". Individuals with damage to the area of the prefrontal cortex known as the
2063:
notion of psychopathy being characterized by low fear is consistent with findings of abnormalities in the amygdala, since deficits in aversive conditioning and instrumental learning are thought to result from amygdala dysfunction, potentially compounded by
2038:
The amygdala and frontal areas have been suggested as particularly important. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear on average to have significantly reduced microstructural integrity between the
1255:
reduced experience of state fear or where it reflects impaired detection and response to threat-related stimuli. Moreover, such deficits in threat responding are known to be reduced or even abolished when attention is focused on the threatening stimuli.
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underlying mental illnesses, and it was thought that sex offenders should be treated, in agreement with the general rehabilitative trends at this time. Courts committed sex offenders to a mental health facility for community protection and treatment.
1212:
Disagreement exists over which features should be considered as part of psychopathy, with researchers identifying around 40 traits supposedly indicative of the construct, though the following characteristics are almost universally considered central.
2656:. Various other studies have found improvements in risk factors for crime such as substance abuse. No study has yet examined whether the personality traits that form the core character disturbances of psychopathy could be changed by such treatments.
12464:
2823:
have varied over the years and continue to change even now, many of the characters characterized as psychopathic in notable works at the time of publication may no longer fit the current definition and conception of psychopathy. There are several
1191:
Socially, psychopathy typically involves extensive callous and manipulative self-serving behaviors with no regard for others, and often is associated with repeated delinquency, crime and violence. Mentally, impairments in processes related to
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van de Giessen E, Rosell DR, Thompson JL, Xu X, Girgis RR, Ehrlich Y, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, Siever LJ (November 2014). "Serotonin transporter availability in impulsive aggressive personality disordered patients: A PET study with DASB".
5751:
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Blonigen, D. M., & Krueger, R. F. (2003). Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: validity and implications for clinical assessment. Psychological assessment, 15(3),
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in the ICD. Both manuals have stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy, although neither diagnostic manual has ever included a disorder officially titled as such.
2704:
Academics on this subject believe that although psychopathy is manifested in only a small percentage of workplace staff, it is more common at higher levels of corporate organizations, and its negative effects (for example, increased
2200:, and his own research on criminals and incarcerated offenders in Canada. The PCL-R is widely used and is referred to by some as the "gold standard" for assessing psychopathy. There are nonetheless numerous criticisms of the PCL-R
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Kastner, Rebecca M., Martin Sellbom, and Scott O. Lilienfeld. "A comparison of the psychometric properties of the psychopathic personality inventory full-length and short-form versions." Psychological Assessment 24, no. 1 (2012):
1371:, and predatory behavior. It has also been found that the homicide victims of psychopathic offenders were disproportionately female in comparison to the more equitable gender distribution of victims of non-psychopathic offenders.
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response, while inversely associated with impulsive and antisocial traits, were positively correlated with arrogant and deceitful traits, and, to a lesser extent, callous and remorseless traits. Bariş Yildirim theorizes that the
1221:
Cooke and Michie (2001) proposed a three-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised which has seen widespread application in other measures (e.g. Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, Antisocial Process Screening Device).
1093:. Several psychologists have asserted that subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism are more or less interchangeable. There is a subscale on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) dubbed "Machiavellian Egocentricity".
5893:
Lewis D, Yeager C, Blake P, Bard B, Strenziok M (2004). "Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas".
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2268:(APA). Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain.
1548:
in psychopaths, whether punishment-based or reward-based. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear to have significantly reduced mean microstructural integrity in their
923:
The triarchic model suggests that different conceptions of psychopathy emphasize three observable characteristics to various degrees. Analyses have been made with respect to the applicability of measurement tools such as the
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1908:
such a small effect that it escapes natural selection. The personality is thought to be influenced by a very large number of genes and may be disrupted by random mutations, and psychopathy may instead be a product of a high
1684:
may generally influence the development of psychopathy while environmental factors affect the specific expression of the traits that predominate. A study on a large group of children found more than 60% heritability for "
2387:
often co-occur with ASPD, and contrary to assumptions, psychopathy can sometimes be marked by anxiety; this appears to be related to items from Factor 2 but not Factor 1 of the PCL-R. Psychopathy is also associated with
5829:
Walker, Sarah A., et al. "Primary and secondary psychopathy relate to lower cognitive reappraisal: A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and emotion regulation processes." Personality and Individual Differences 187 (2022):
1162:
were found to experience regret, but did not use the regret to guide their choice in behavior. There was no lack of regret but a problem to think through a range of potential actions and estimating the outcome values.
6750:
5741:
Miller, Joshua D.; Hyatt, Courtland S.; Maples-Keller, Jessica L.; Carter, Nathan T.; Lynam, Donald R. (2017). "Psychopathy and Machiavellianism: A Distinction Without a Difference?". Journal of Personality. 85 (4):
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on the part of the person concerned". This term was intended to reflect the presence of a personality disorder in terms of conditions for detention under the Mental Health Act 1983. Amendments to MHA1983 within the
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To aid a criminal investigation, certain interrogation approaches may be used to exploit and leverage the personality traits of suspects thought to have psychopathy and make them more likely to divulge information.
2103:
However, some studies on animal and human subjects have suggested that the emotional-interpersonal traits and predatory aggression of psychopathy, in contrast to impulsive and reactive aggression, is related to
1461:. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths", and may not necessarily always have extensive histories of traditional antisocial behavior as characteristic of traditional psychopathy.
10826:
Miller AK, Rufino KA, Boccaccini MT, Jackson RL, Murrie DC (2011). "On Individual Differences in Person Perception: Raters' Personality Traits Relate to Their Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Scoring Tendencies".
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functioning. A study by Dolan and Anderson, regarding the relationship between serotonin and psychopathic traits in a sample of personality disordered offenders, found that serotonin functioning as measured by
6384:
4817:
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Yildirim, Bariş O., and Jan JL Derksen. "Clarifying the heterogeneity in psychopathic samples: Towards a new continuum of primary and secondary psychopathy." Aggression and Violent Behavior 24 (2015): 9-41.
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rigorous quasi-experimental studies using more modern treatment methods have found improvements regarding reducing future violent and other criminal behavior, regardless of PCL-R scores, although none were
1493:
referred to as "life-course- persistent" antisocial behavior as well as poorer health and economic status. Adolescent onset is argued to more typically be associated with short-term antisocial behavior.
846:
Famous individuals have sometimes been diagnosed, albeit at a distance, as psychopaths. As one example out of many possible from history, in a 1972 version of a secret report originally prepared for the
5840:
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and individual differences, 47(7), 758-762.
2411:. Likewise, some people with an Asperger Syndrome Diagnosis have shown correlations with the "unemotional" factor and "behavioural dyscontrol" factor of psychopathy, but not the "interpersonal" factor.
443:
settings in some nations and may have important consequences for individuals. The study of psychopathy is an active field of research. The term is also used by the general public, popular press, and in
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depending on the underlying predisposition: for example, it is hypothesized that persons having high boldness may respond poorly to punishment but may respond better to rewards and secure attachments.
1441:
are sometimes considered psychopathic, and comparisons may be drawn with traits such as antisocial violence, a selfish world view that precludes the welfare of others, a lack of remorse or guilt, and
8896:
Dawel A, O'Kearney R, McKone E, Palermo R (2012-11-01). "Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy".
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have proposed several evolutionary explanations. According to one hypothesis, some traits associated with psychopathy may be socially adaptive, and psychopathy may be a frequency-dependent, socially
7536:
Edens John F (2010). "Inter-rater reliability of the PCL-R total and factor scores among psychopathic sex offenders: are personality features more prone to disagreement than behavioral features?".
2819:, where the general characteristics and stereotypes associated with psychopathy are useful to facilitate conflict and danger. Because the definitions, criteria, and popular conceptions throughout
4743:
4491:
Skilling TA, Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (March 2002). "Identifying persistently antisocial offenders using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and DSM antisocial personality disorder criteria".
1457:
It may be that a significant portion of people with psychopathy are socially successful and tend to express their antisocial behavior through more covert avenues such as social manipulation or
2309:(LSRP) and the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (HSRP), but in terms of self-report tests, the PPI/PPI-R has become more used than either of these in modern psychopathy research on adults.
797:. It was often used to imply an underlying "constitutional" or genetic origin. Disparate early descriptions likely set the stage for modern controversies about the definition of psychopathy.
768:
originally described any illness of the mind, but found its application to a narrow subset of mental conditions when it was used toward the end of the 19th century by the German psychiatrist
1305:, and the PCL-R emphasizes features that are somewhat predictive of violent behavior. Researchers, however, have noted that psychopathy is dissociable from and not synonymous with violence.
8034:
Hinshaw, S. P., & Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 144-198). New York: Guilford Press.
7064:
Singh JP, Grann M, Fazel S (Apr 2011). "A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants".
6568:
5991:
Larsen RR, Jalava J, Griffiths S (August 2020). "Are Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) psychopaths dangerous, untreatable, and without conscience? A systematic review of the empirical evidence".
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find that abusers have high rates of psychopathy, with the prevalence estimated to be at around 15-30%. Furthermore, the commission of domestic violence is correlated with Factor 1 of the
989:. Furthermore, according to this view, psychopathy may be linked to at least some interpersonally successful outcomes, such as effective leadership, business accomplishments, and heroism.
4449:
7307:
Williams KM, Cooper BS, Howell TM, Yuille JC, Paulhus DL (2008). "Inferring Sexually Deviant Behavior from Corresponding Fantasies: The Role of Personality and Pornography Consumption".
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The prognosis for psychopathy in forensic and clinical settings is quite poor, with some studies reporting that treatment may worsen the antisocial aspects of psychopathy as measured by
2431:
Many associations with other personality traits are similar, although in one study the antisocial factor was more strongly related with impulsivity in men and more strongly related with
11549:
12129:
10727:
11340:
9357:
7821:
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abolished the term "psychopathic disorder", with all conditions for detention (e.g. mental illness, personality disorder, etc.) encompassed by the generic term of "mental disorder".
2075:, while the disinhibition factor is argued to be associated with impairment of frontal lobe tasks. There is evidence that boldness and disinhibition are genetically distinguishable.
14130:
14050:
8370:
5672:
Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen N., Rodgers R., Sejourne N. (2009). "Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency".
5437:
Aggressivity, Narcissism, and Self-Destructiveness in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: New Developments in the Psychopathology and Psychotherapy of Severe Personality Disorders
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for their condition, and can be uncooperative in therapy. Attempts to treat psychopathy with the current tools available to psychiatry have been disappointing. Harris and Rice's
6540:
11186:
Hildebrand M, De Ruiter C (2004). "PCL-R psychopathy and its relation to DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders in a sample of male forensic psychiatric patients in the Netherlands".
9152:
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include positive adjustment characteristics, and most researchers have studied psychopathy in incarcerated criminals, a relatively accessible population of research subjects.
1514:
different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this as possibly corresponding to adult primary psychopathy and increased boldness and/or meanness in the triarchic model.
12298:
1834:
deliberate and detrimental conduct. Despite presenting themselves as serious, bright, and charming, psychopathic people are unable to experience true emotions. Robert Hare's
920:
It has been suggested that those who share the same emotional deficiencies and psychopathic features, but are properly socialized, should not be designated as 'psychopaths'.
6678:
5849:
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and individual differences, 52(7), 794-799.
11928:
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more as externalizing behaviors in men and more as internalizing behaviors in women. Furthermore, one study has suggested substantial gender differences were found in the
10996:
9124:
2071:
For instance, the boldness factor in the triarchic model is argued to be associated with reduced activity in the amygdala during fearful or aversive stimuli and reduced
1449:, argues that such comparisons could also then be drawn more widely: for example, to soldiers in wars. Coordinated terrorist activity requires organization, loyalty and
1106:
The current conceptions of psychopathy have been criticized for being poorly conceptualized, highly subjective, and encompassing a wide variety of underlying disorders.
7106:
12053:
10788:
Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas
8704:
Blair R, E. Colledge, D.G. Mitchell (2001a). "Somatic markers and response reversal: is there orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in boys with psychopathic tendencies?".
7455:"Psychopathy and the combination of psychopathy and sexual deviance as predictors of sexual recidivism: Meta-analytic findings using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised"
6374:
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2513:
Psychiatric medications may also alleviate co-occurring conditions sometimes associated with psychopathy or with symptoms such as aggression or impulsivity, including
1842:
model have both been developed to better understand psychopathy; however, whether the root cause is primarily environmental or primarily genetic is still in question.
1411:
circumstances. There is, however, increasing concern that PCL scores are too inconsistent between different examiners, including in its use to evaluate sex offenders.
714:, whereas in other cases the two terms may be used with different meanings that reflect the user's views on its origins and determinants. Hare contended that the term
10287:"Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy"
14155:
12023:
5858:
Glenn, A. L., & Sellbom, M. (2015). Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct. Journal of personality disorders, 29(3), 360-377.
2613:
if they have committed serious crimes, but since such individuals are disruptive to other patients and not responsive to usual treatment methods this alternative to
583:
was also used in Germany from 1841, originally in a very general sense. The suffix -ωσις (-osis) meant in this case "abnormal condition". This term or its adjective
10403:
Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Schwartzman AN, Shelby ES, Smith CE, Cole D, Kessler RM, Zald DH (2010).
2501:
might gain the skills to become more adept at the manipulation and deception of others and be more likely to commit crime. Some studies suggest that punishment and
13991:
13986:
13981:
9959:
Lee R, Coccaro ER (2007). "Neurobiology of impulsive aggression: Focus on serotonin and the orbitofrontal cortex". In Flannery DJ, Vazsonyi AT, Waldman ID (eds.).
3760:
Delisi M, Vaughn MG, Beaver KM, Wright JP (2009). "The Hannibal Lecter Myth: Psychopathy and Verbal Intelligence in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study".
420:. The creation of ASPD and DPD was driven by the fact that many of the classic traits of psychopathy were impossible to measure objectively. Canadian psychologist
12668:
1787:
10037:"The other allele: Exploring the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene as a potential risk factor for psychopathy: A review of the parallels in findings"
3038:"Psychopathic personality traits stress immunity and social potency moderate the relationship between emotional competence and cognitive functions in depression"
2506:
committed to other mental illnesses, which makes it more difficult to gain the understanding of this condition that is necessary to develop effective therapies.
2293:
that contain subscales relating to psychopathy, though they assess relatively non-specific tendencies towards antisocial or criminal behavior. These include the
11906:
6872:
Swogger MT, Walsh Z, Kosson DS (May 2007). "Domestic violence and psychopathic traits: distinguishing the antisocial batterer from other antisocial offenders".
4412:"Examining the DSM–5 alternative personality disorder model operationalization of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in a male correctional sample"
1241:: impulsivity, sensation-seeking and risk-taking, irresponsible and unreliable behavior, financially parasitic lifestyle and lack of realistic, long-term goals.
1235:: lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect (coldness and unemotionality), callousness and lack of empathy, and failure to accept responsibility for own actions.
13674:
2784:, and research. The character may be identified as having psychopathy within the fictional work itself, by its creators, or from the opinions of audiences and
9047:
13447:
9945:
4702:
2260:
1200:, particularly socially related mental processes, have also been found. Developmentally, symptoms of psychopathy have been identified in young children with
386:
7955:
3108:
Patrick C, Fowles D, Krueger R (August 2009). "Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness".
2497:
are known to or have been trialed for alleviating the emotional, interpersonal and moral deficits of psychopathy, and patients with psychopathy who undergo
949:. The PCL-R measures this relatively poorly and mainly through Facet 1 of Factor 1. Similar to PPI fearless dominance. May correspond to differences in the
839:" (PCL) based largely on Cleckley's criteria, which was revised in 1991 (PCL-R), and is the most widely used measure of psychopathy. There are also several
14316:
11724:
9308:
6450:
6116:
de Almeida RM, Cabral JC, Narvaes R (2015). "Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates".
5236:
3762:
1576:, including with regards to verbal IQ, Hare and Neumann state that a large literature demonstrates at most only a weak association between psychopathy and
12260:
10870:
Lilienfeld SO, Widows MR (2005). "Psychopathic Personality Inventory—Revised (PPI-R) professional manual". Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
6349:
3938:
3872:
3842:
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Stone, Michael H., M.D. & Brucato, Gary, Ph.D., The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books).
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7842:
Roose A, Bijttebier P, Van der Oord S, Claes L, Lilienfeld SO (2013-01-01). "Psychopathic Traits in Youth and Associations with Temperamental Features".
5774:"Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41"
1862:
stronger association between boldness and the experience of neglect as a child, as well as between meanness and the experience of childhood maltreatment.
10654:"What are the differences between the psychopathy definitions designed by Hare and by Cleckley?" Editor: Ellsworth Lapham Fersch. iUniverse, 30 Oct 2006
7344:
Porter S, Woodworth M, Earle J, Drugge J, Boer D (2003). "Characteristics of sexual homicides committed by psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders".
3905:
1229:: impression management or superficial charm, inflated and grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological lying/deceit, and manipulation for personal gain.
13998:
12125:
10910:
8094:
11133:
11025:
7107:"Violence risk meta-meta: Instrument choice does matter: Despite popularity, psychopathy test and actuarials not superior to other prediction methods"
2733:. Employees with the disorder are self-serving opportunists, and may disadvantage their own organizations to further their own interests. They may be
13971:
13523:
11435:"Examining the genetic and environmental associations between autistic social and communication deficits and psychopathic callous-unemotional traits"
7253:
1490:
11877:"Punishment and psychopathy: a case-control functional MRI investigation of reinforcement learning in violent antisocial personality disordered men"
5964:
Martens W (June 2008). "The problem with Robert Hare's psychopathy checklist: incorrect conclusions, high risk of misuse, and lack of reliability".
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of psychopathy. A study on a sample of inmates in Iran using the PCL:SV found a prevalence of 23% scoring 18 or more. A study by Nathan Brooks from
13866:
10560:
8168:
12153:"Clozapine: an effective treatment for seriously violent and psychopathic men with antisocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital"
5371:
Widiger TA, Lynam DR (2002). "Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model of Personality". In Millon T, Simonsen E, Birket-Smith M, et al. (eds.).
3735:
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found that around one in five corporate bosses display clinically significant psychopathic traits - a proportion similar to that among prisoners.
9538:
7278:
Porter S, Brinke L, Wilson K (2009). "Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders".
3264:"Examining the associations between DSM-5 section III antisocial personality disorder traits and psychopathy in community and university samples"
1048:—a theorized dimension referring to tough, aggressive or hostile tendencies. Aspects of this that appear associated with psychopathy are lack of
9855:"Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: A Biology × Sex × Environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits"
3599:
2635:
were also a series of cases where persons treated and released committed new sexual offenses. Starting in the 1990s, several states have passed
1798:
627:
to designate any criminal whose offenses are particularly abhorrent and unnatural, but that is not its original or general psychiatric meaning.
8799:
Stevens D, Charman T, Blair R (2001). "Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies".
1845:
behaviors such as rejection, abuse, neglect or over protection show some relationship with the development of detrimental psychopathic traits.
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14135:
13941:
13616:
10719:
9555:
Dadds M, et al. (2010). "Learning to 'talk the talk': the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood".
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5117:
2924:
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exposure, was a "positive correlate of psychopathy in females, and a positive correlate of callous affect (psychopathy sub-scale) in males".
981:
combination of superficial charm, poise, emotional resilience, and venturesomeness on the outside but deep-seated affective disturbances and
6605:
6416:
552:
initially had a very general meaning referring to all sorts of mental disorders and social aberrations, popularised from 1891 in Germany by
15037:
14162:
12549:
8426:
Blair RJ, Meffert H, Hwang S, White SF (2018). "Psychopathy and brain function: Insights from neuroimaging research". In Patrick CJ (ed.).
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was attributable to environmental factors and just 0% of the variance was attributable to genetic factors. In boys, the link was reversed.
1830:
1764:
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came to be used to describe a diverse range of dysfunctional or antisocial behavior and mental and sexual deviances, including at the time
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4697:
14204:
14145:
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12439:
12115:
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Fontaine NM, Rijsdijk FV, McCrory EJ, Viding E (2010). "Etiology of Different Developmental Trajectories of Callous-Unemotional Traits".
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8958:
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6511:
5618:
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2828:
images of psychopathy in both lay and professional accounts which only partly overlap and can involve contradictory traits: the charming
2294:
10232:
Dolan MC, Anderson IM (1 June 2003). "The relationship between serotonergic function and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version".
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4888:
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psychopathy scores correlated with repeated imprisonment, detention in higher security, disciplinary infractions, and substance misuse.
786:) to various chronic conditions and character disorders, and his work would influence the later conception of the personality disorder.
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5081:
2424:
somewhat larger on the interpersonal-affective scale than on the antisocial scale. Most but not all studies have found broadly similar
6505:
Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Moran P, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Farrell M, Lewis G, Singleton N, Hare R (May 2009).
4008:
1154:. This was thought to be due to an inability to generate this emotion in response to negative outcomes. However, in 2016, people with
13491:
4238:
Psychopathy in the Treatment of Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictive Validity, and Clinical Implications
1399:, wherein those high in psychopathy who also endorsed deviant sexual interests were more likely to recidivate sexually. A subsequent
9988:
Van Goozen SH, Fairchild G, Snoek H, Harold GT (2007). "The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior".
5643:
Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2010). "Differentiating the Dark Triad within the interpersonal circumplex". In Horowitz LM, Strack S (eds.).
3985:
2746:
traits in the workplace, the others being narcissism and Machiavellianism, which, like psychopathy, can have negative consequences.
13072:
12278:
11678:"[Psychopathic personality in women. Diagnostics and experimental findings in the forensic setting and the business world]"
9629:"Prefrontal Structural and Functional Brain Imaging findings in Antisocial, Violent, and Psychopathic Individuals: A Meta-Analysis"
8352:
7490:
6183:
3974:
2368:
validation and attention from others to validate their self-worth, whereas a psychopathic individual usually lacks such ambitions.
2250:
1849:
mediates the relationship between physical abuse and two components of psychopathy (social deviation and affective interpersonal).
404:
13028:
12045:
11273:
Smith SS, Newman JP (1990). "Alcohol and drug abuse-dependence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders".
9676:
Deming P, Heilicher M, Koenigs M (2022). "How reliable are amygdala findings in psychopathy? A systematic review of MRI studies".
5306:
4199:
2379:(a theorized precursor to ASPD), and may also co-occur with psychopathic tendencies. This may be explained in part by deficits in
1935:
Some laboratory research demonstrates correlations between psychopathy and atypical responses to aversive stimuli, including weak
14172:
14003:
13966:
13564:
12327:
10291:
10041:
7013:
Yang M, Wong SC, Coid J (2010). "The efficacy of violence prediction: A meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools".
4332:
4259:
1688:" and that conduct disorder among children with these traits has a higher heritability than among children without these traits.
1652:
A study comparing judgments of whether personal or impersonal harm would be endorsed in order to achieve the rationally maximum (
681:
Section III ASPD including the 'Psychopathic Traits Specifier' can be seen on page 765 of the DSM-5 or Page 885 of the DSM-5-TR.
12409:
11936:
1628:. This impaired recognition and reduced autonomic responsiveness might be partly accounted for by a decreased activation of the
587:
would come to refer to the more severe mental disturbances and then specifically to mental states or disorders characterized by
14891:
13921:
13574:
13041:
10988:
8898:
5330:
Derefinko KJ (December 2015). "Psychopathy and Low Anxiety: Meta-Analytic Evidence for the Absence of Inhibition, Not Affect".
2306:
10808:
10790:
9801:
9116:
14408:
13855:
12893:
12867:
12833:
12817:
Häkkänen-Nyholm, H. & Nyholm, J-O. (2012). Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
12808:
12783:
12746:
12711:
12292:
12086:
11999:
11855:
11817:
11322:
11242:
11127:
10933:"Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the triarchic psychopathy measure"
10126:"Reduced sensitivity to both positive and negative reinforcement in mice over-expressing the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter"
9972:
9482:
Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO (2015). "The response modulation hypothesis of psychopathy: A meta-analytic and narrative analysis".
9325:
8063:
7656:
7627:
7520:
7114:
6982:
6934:
6484:
5877:
5656:
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5413:
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5099:
5017:
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4159:
4131:
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3565:
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3178:
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organization has sanctioned a diagnosis titled "psychopathy", assessments of psychopathic characteristics are widely used in
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10647:
10628:
5554:
The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments
4240:
4221:
3698:
3453:
12013:
10454:
Blanchard A, Lyons M (2010). "An investigation into the relationship between digit length ratio (2D: 4D) and psychopathy".
8447:
8327:
4951:"Is fearless dominance relevant to the construct of psychopathy? Reconciling the dual roles of theory and clinical utility"
2957:
2302:
12431:
11412:
10635:
Stephen Strack, John Wiley & Sons, 21 Jan 2005. Chapter 15: Psychopathy as a Personality Construct (Ronald Blackburn).
539:
in general since 1847. A sense of "a subject of pathology, morbid, excessive" is attested from 1845, including the phrase
416:(DPD) respectively, stating that these diagnoses have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or
14431:
14125:
13528:
13335:
11876:
8627:
7280:
4389:
2788:, and may be based on undefined popular stereotypes of psychopathy. Characters with psychopathic traits have appeared in
2763:
445:
12390:"Evaluating the Screening Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL: SV): An Item Response Theory Analysis"
6086:
14568:
14031:
13596:
12732:
12660:
7024:
6842:
5466:
5278:
5208:
5163:
3314:
2298:
2217:
1002:
929:
675:
413:
371:
13000:
4100:
13813:
13426:
12856:
12763:
9358:"Psychopathic men have an extreme focus on mating at the expense of other domains and tend to be "parasitic" fathers"
8185:
2395:
2349:
2326:
1816:
1392:
offenders) are about 2.5 times more likely to be granted conditional release compared to non-psychopathic offenders.
1332:
1167:
867:
843:
tests, with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) used more often among these in contemporary adult research.
260:
13010:
14366:
13711:
12600:
10130:
9592:
9004:
8090:
7721:
7677:
6831:
Woodworth M, Porter S (2002). "In cold blood: Characteristics of criminal homicides as a function of psychopathy".
6788:
4707:
3771:
3323:
2265:
1696:
7752:
5194:
3651:
3225:"Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples"
574:
defines "psychopath" only as a "former designation" for a person with an antisocial type of personality disorder.
14647:
14528:
14184:
13513:
13481:
10348:"Genetic and hormonal sensitivity to threat: Testing a serotonin transporter genotype × testosterone interaction"
10089:
8051:
7978:"Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy"
7947:
7198:
5115:
Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (1994). "Psychopathy as a taxon: Evidence that psychopaths are a discrete class".
3110:
2440:
2436:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2273:
1348:
1155:
1005:
scores and concluded that psychopathy may best be conceptualized as having a "dimensional latent structure" like
671:
571:
409:
256:
96:
11677:
9386:
Buss DM (2009). "How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality and Individual Differences?".
9331:
6440:
2128:
Studies have suggested other correlations. Psychopathy was associated in two studies with an increased ratio of
985:
deficits on the inside. From this perspective, psychopathy is at least in part characterized by psychologically
14462:
14194:
14167:
14104:
13623:
12257:
11275:
9012:
8778:
8753:
8472:
8118:
7891:
6833:
6337:
5269:
5199:
5154:
3946:
3880:
3850:
3626:
2636:
2602:
2453:
2404:
2403:
co-occur in some individuals. Recent studies indicate that some individuals with an autism diagnosis also show
2277:
1956:
1738:
1685:
1541:
1510:
1339:. A large systematic review and meta-regression found that the PCL performed the poorest out of nine tools for
1175:
1159:
1124:
821:
14487:
10572:
7775:
5039:
4814:
448:. While the abbreviated term "psycho" is often employed in common usage in general media along with "crazy", "
15042:
14921:
14672:
14578:
14553:
14301:
14045:
13926:
13732:
10593:
10346:
Josephs RA, Telch MJ, Hixon JG, Evans JJ, Lee H, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Hariri AR, Beevers CG (1 June 2012).
10234:
8801:
8270:
Craig MC, Catani M, Deeley Q, Latham R, Daly E, Kanaan R, Picchioni M, McGuire PK, Fahy T, Murphy DG (2009).
7309:
6874:
6267:
3913:
2338:
2334:
1987:
A 2008 review by Weber et al. suggested that psychopathy is sometimes associated with brain abnormalities in
1955:
functions normally, some studies have also found reduced reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. According to the
1388:
1078:
805:
An influential figure in shaping modern American conceptualizations of psychopathy was American psychiatrist
11842:
Harris GT, Rice ME (2006). "Treatment of Psychopathy: A Review of Empirical Findings". In Patrick CJ (ed.).
10902:
8079:
15032:
14971:
14436:
14199:
13954:
13861:
13233:
13065:
11113:
11017:
10481:
Tikkanen R, Auvinen-Lintunen L, Ducci F, Sjöberg RL, Goldman D, Tiihonen J, Ojansuu I, Virkkunen M (2011).
5512:
2687:
2653:
2526:
2493:
says that there is currently little evidence for a cure or effective treatment for psychopathy; as yet, no
848:
772:(1891) to describe various behavioral and moral dysfunction in the absence of an obvious mental illness or
567:
42:
17:
9590:
Weber S, Habel U, Amunts K, Schneider F (2008). "Structural brain abnormalities in psychopaths—a review".
9310:
The Psychopathy Construct in a Swedish Context - Conceptualization and Validation of Different Assessments
8220:"The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Functional contributions and dysfunction in psychopathy"
7226:"Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders"
7225:
14311:
14306:
13756:
13543:
13538:
13243:
13148:
2739:
2486:
1951:
while waiting for a painful stimulus but not when the stimulus occurs. While it has been argued that the
89:
10888:
2051:
and that studies finding a negative effect (that psychopaths display less amygdala activity) have lower
1916:, a byproduct, or side-effect, of the evolution of adaptive traits rather than an adaptation in itself.
14936:
14321:
13751:
13194:
13107:
12846:
12151:
Brown D, Larkin F, Sengupta a, Romero-Ureclay JL, Ross CC, Gupta N, Vinestock M, Das M (October 2014).
9964:
8371:"Clarifying the Relationship between Psychopathy and Intelligence Using Four Dimensions of the WASI-II"
7885:
Hyde LW, Waller R, Trentacosta CJ, Shaw DS, Neiderhiser JM, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Leve LD (2016-04-08).
7066:
6292:
Assadi SM, Noroozian M, Pakravannejad M, Yahyazadeh O, Aghayan S, Shariat SV, Fazel S (February 2006).
5405:
3727:
3119:
2201:
215:
9264:
7389:"Psychopathy and Sexual Deviance in Treated Rapists: Association With Sexual and Nonsexual Recidivism"
4350:
2482:
2473:
Psychopathy has often been considered untreatable. Its unique characteristics makes it among the most
718:
is preferred by those who see the causes as due to social factors and early environment, and the term
15017:
14941:
14881:
14492:
14401:
14238:
14214:
13278:
9902:
Gollan JK, Lee R, Coccaro EF (2005). "Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of aggression".
7143:
6679:"Study uncovers a surprising level of heterogeneity in psychopathy among condemned capital murderers"
6345:
3585:
2361:
2255:
1858:
1592:
A large body of research suggests that psychopathy is associated with atypical responses to distress
1368:
769:
553:
38:
12873:
Thiessen, W Slip-ups and the dangerous mind: Seeing through and living beyond the psychopath (2012).
10004:
7774:
Bartels M, Hudziak JJ, van den Oord EJ, van Beijsterveldt CE, Rietveld MJ, Boomsma DI (2003-09-01).
7033:
997:
An early and influential analysis from Harris and colleagues indicated that a discrete category, or
384:, influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the
14956:
14702:
14326:
14140:
14008:
13137:
12960:
12753:
6628:"Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence"
6118:
4835:
4611:
2558:
2534:
minimal, with much of the knowledge in this area being extrapolations based on what is known about
1944:
1742:
280:
3680:
Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment and Treatment: New Approaches for Mental Health Professionals
1791:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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14209:
14091:
14081:
13569:
13433:
13372:
13174:
13058:
9435:
8540:"A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction"
7776:"Co-occurrence of Aggressive Behavior and Rule-Breaking Behavior at Age 12: Multi-Rater Analyses"
7675:
Gao Y, Raine A (March 2010). "Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: a neurobiological model".
6563:
6408:
4349:
Latzman RD, Tobin KE, Palumbo IM, Conway CC, Lilienfeld SO, Patrick CJ, Krueger RF (2020-10-01).
3519:
2389:
2205:
1884:
1877:
816:
773:
12848:
Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend.
10539:
8055:
8045:
7194:
6709:"Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives"
6028:"Psychopathic individuals exhibit but do not avoid regret during counterfactual decision making"
5773:
5262:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy"
5195:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy"
4711:
4196:
2321:. Among numerous studies, positive correlations have also been reported between psychopathy and
562:). Some medical dictionaries still define psychopathy in both a narrow and broad sense, such as
14583:
14543:
13949:
13911:
13876:
13601:
13342:
13258:
12977:
12432:"Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain"
11959:
10568:
9999:
9990:
9484:
8119:
Motzkin, J. C., Philippi, C. L., Wolf, R. C., Baskaya, M. K., & Koenigs, M. (Feb 1, 2015).
7028:
7015:
5332:
2820:
2610:
2587:
2494:
2432:
2122:
1936:
1726:
1537:
465:
339:
264:
251:
12987:
12940:
11222:
8749:"Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals"
8121:"Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is critical for the regulation of amygdala activity in humans"
6914:
5598:
5552:
4845:
4257:
Epitome of Current Literature: Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Disorder by Partridge, G.E.
2865:
1754:, which could result in uninhibited signals that manifest in violent and aggressive behavior.
14926:
14741:
14677:
14573:
14452:
14294:
14099:
13888:
13684:
13606:
13591:
13486:
13418:
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13347:
13303:
13273:
13238:
13164:
11881:
9939:
9317:
8162:
7388:
6966:
6209:
5506:
5440:
4870:
4566:
Berrios G (1999). "Classic Text No. 37: J. C. Prichard and the concept of 'moral insanity'".
3815:
3805:
2889:
2502:
2183:
2009:
1569:
1317:
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perspective, believed psychopathy should be considered as part of a spectrum of pathological
925:
859:
836:
757:
425:
10786:, MD, Catherine A. Yeager, MA, Pamela Blake, MD, Barbara Bard, PhD, and Maren Strenziok, MS
10405:"Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits"
10124:
Line SJ, Barkus C, Rawlings N, Jennings K, McHugh S, Sharp T, Bannerman DM (December 2014).
9535:
8340:
8319:
6627:
1580:, noting that the early pioneer Cleckley included good intelligence in his checklist due to
15022:
15012:
14961:
14548:
14394:
14013:
13581:
12284:
11448:
8276:
7619:
7147:
6039:
4779:
4648:"Who's psychopathic now? A recent report has few new solutions and calls for more research"
4005:
2849:
2606:
2478:
2341:
2064:
2044:
1972:
1734:
1680:
1668:
1558:
1071:
815:(1941), Cleckley drew on a small series of vivid case studies of psychiatric patients at a
752:
The concept of psychopathy has been indirectly connected to the early 19th century work of
276:
10720:"Fear Review: Critique of Forensic Psychopathy Scale Delayed 3 Years by Threat of Lawsuit"
5152:
Marcus DK, John SL, Edens JF (2004). "A Taxometric Analysis of Psychopathic Personality".
4824:
Spark, Clare L. Social Thought and Research, Volume 22, Number 1&2 (1999), pp. 113-137
3454:"Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Evidence and Public Policy"
2729:) often causes a ripple effect throughout an organization, setting the tone for an entire
2058:
Some of these findings are consistent with other research and theories. For example, in a
8:
15027:
14871:
14854:
14798:
14773:
14664:
14640:
14609:
14341:
14076:
13906:
13694:
13611:
13548:
13298:
13034:
12018:
11377:"Autism spectrum disorder and psychopathy: shared cognitive underpinnings or double hit?"
10783:
10409:
9198:
3982:
3684:
3309:
2904:
2714:
2380:
2160:
1633:
1550:
1340:
1273:
1204:, and suggests at least a partial constitutional factor that influences its development.
1193:
1107:
1085:, share certain characteristics, such as a callous-manipulative interpersonal style. The
735:
648:
395:
175:
11452:
7151:
6180:
6043:
3971:
3072:
3037:
3036:
Schönthaler EM, Dalkner N, Schwalsberger K, Reininghaus EZ, Reininghaus B (2023-03-27).
941:. Low fear including stress-tolerance, toleration of unfamiliarity and danger, and high
891:
violating social norms and expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret.
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14793:
14746:
14714:
14697:
14604:
14497:
13782:
13772:
13586:
13440:
13313:
13288:
13127:
12625:
12598:
Babiak P, Neumann CS, Hare RD (April 2010). "Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk".
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12177:
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10670:
10507:
10482:
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10380:
10347:
10316:
10267:
10209:
10176:
10175:
Dunlop BW, DeFife JA, Marx L, Garlow SJ, Nemeroff CB, Lilienfeld SO (1 November 2011).
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9854:
9653:
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6597:
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6143:
6062:
6027:
6008:
5946:
5801:
5724:
5699:
Buckels EE, Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2013). "Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism".
5487:
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show remarkable similarities to diagnosed psychopathic individuals, displaying reduced
1601:
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1395:
Hildebrand and colleagues (2004) have uncovered an interaction between psychopathy and
1384:
1171:
811:
731:
377:
199:
186:
82:
12334:
11894:
9644:
5921:
Walters GD (April 2004). "The trouble with psychopathy as a general theory of crime".
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2196:
based on Cleckley's criteria from the 1940s, criminological concepts such as those of
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time. Cleckley formulated sixteen criteria for psychopathy. The Scottish psychiatrist
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9545:(2005). Chapter 3: Other Theoretical Models of Psychopathy, Ronald Blackburn, Page 39
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2129:
1988:
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Studies have linked psychopathy to alternative dimensions such as antagonism (high),
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7130:"Authorship Bias in Violence Risk Assessment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
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6147:
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may only vaguely or partly relate to the concept of psychopathy as it is defined in
1900:
have a pattern of mating with and quickly abandoning women, and thereby have a high
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11757:
Vien A, Beech AR (1 July 2006). "Psychopathy: theory, measurement, and treatment".
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5126:
5087:
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4661:
4620:
4609:
Berrios G (1993). "European views on personality disorders: A conceptual history".
4575:
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2013:
1948:
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1201:
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1086:
913:'s conception entailing bold, disinhibited behavior, and "feckless disregard") and
871:
764:"), although historians have largely discredited the idea of a direct equivalence.
440:
351:
123:
11809:
8468:"Localization of Deformations Within the Amygdala in Individuals With Psychopathy"
8389:
7373:
6131:
2407:(a risk-factor for developing psychopathy), but are less strongly associated with
95:"Sociopathy" and "Sociopath" redirect here. For another usage of these terms, see
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Office Politics: How to Thrive in a World of Lying, Backstabbing and Dirty Tricks
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Thinking about Psychopaths and Psychopathy: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
10644:
10632:
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9542:
8861:
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Piccinni A, Marazziti D, Veltri A (April 2018). "Psychopathology of terrorists".
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4748:
4263:
4244:
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4203:
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3586:"Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion"
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of breakdowns in the white matter connections between these two important areas.
1426:
1360:
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1090:
942:
910:
870:. However, others have not drawn this conclusion; clinical forensic psychologist
806:
690:
536:
531:
67:
11161:
10741:
Walters GD (2004). "The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime".
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10013:
9790:"The Devil in the Boardroom: Corporate Psychopaths and Their Impact on Business"
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13699:
13352:
13132:
13122:
13085:
13081:
12842:
12800:
12790:
12526:
Hare RD (1994). "Predators: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us".
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may impair the ability of the prefrontal cortex to interpret feedback from the
1653:
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It has been suggested that the combination of early-onset conduct disorder and
1430:
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233:
Genetic and environmental issues, such as neglect or abuse by parental figures.
12374:
12361:, Daly TE (September 2013). "Treatment and psychopathy in forensic settings".
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11696:
11563:
11544:
11511:
11392:
10483:"Psychopathy, PCL-R, and MAOA genotype as predictors of violent reconvictions"
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8589:"A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath"
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7584:
7357:
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4504:
3779:
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1967:
1904:
rate, resulting in children that may inherit a predisposition to psychopathy.
738:
246:, parental neglect, abuse, or psychological manipulation of the affected child
15006:
14986:
14692:
14502:
14472:
14467:
14331:
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13223:
12886:
Personality Disorder Interview-IV, Chapter 4: Antisocial Personality Disorder
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6441:"An abusive boss is bad news for your work life — unless you're a psychopath"
5934:
5789:
5712:
5671:
5066:
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4552:
4450:"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5)"
4374:
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3248:
3063:
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The PCL-R, the PCL:SV, and the PCL:YV are highly regarded and widely used in
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1996:
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may have been first introduced in 1909 in Germany by biological psychiatrist
480:
359:
299:
272:
12325:
11338:
Fitzgerald M (2003). "Callous-unemotional traits and Asperger's syndrome?".
9073:
Glenn AL, Kurzban R, Raine A (2011). "Evolutionary theory and psychopathy".
7887:"Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors"
6052:
4042:
4004:
Medilexicon powered by Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3263:
3224:
2980:
2772:
are some of the most notorious characters in film and literature, but their
2435:
in women. It has been suggested that psychopathy in men manifest more as an
1351:
reports that psychopathic behavior is consistent with traits common to some
1284:
Psychopathy, as measured with the PCL-R in institutional settings, shows in
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8511:
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6814:
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6536:
6319:
6294:"Psychiatric morbidity among sentenced prisoners: prevalence study in Iran"
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4512:
4435:
4289:
4206:
G. E. Partridge, The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1930 July; 1(87):53–99
4075:"psycho | Origin and meaning of psycho by Online Etymology Dictionary"
4060:
3710:
3483:
3295:
3135:
3081:
3022:
2726:
2535:
2236:
the social and interpersonal implications of the psychopathic personality.
2084:
2059:
2040:
2025:
1909:
1850:
1725:
with psychopathy and violence. Since the 1980s, scientists have associated
1701:
1573:
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1380:
1325:
1301:
Studies have suggested a strong correlation between psychopathy scores and
1180:
1045:
962:
863:
746:
656:
381:
12588:
Walker, I. 2005, Psychopaths in Suits, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
12200:
Khalifa NR, Gibbon S, Völlm BA, Cheung NH, McCarthy L (3 September 2020).
11296:
10671:"The Criminal Psychopath: History, Neuroscience, Treatment, and Economics"
9719:
Pridmore S, Chambers A, McArthur M (2005). "Neuroimaging in psychopathy".
8971:
8615:
8193:
6310:
6293:
5464:
Paulhus DL, Williams KM (December 2002). "The Dark Triad of Personality".
5138:
5091:
4683:
4632:
3647:
3262:
Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Wygant DB, Salekin RT, Krueger RF (October 2014).
3035:
2574:
The PCL-R score cut-off for a label of psychopathy is 25 out of 40 in the
824:
had also been influential in Europe from 1939 in narrowing the diagnosis.
424:
later re-popularized the construct of psychopathy in criminology with his
14991:
14788:
14763:
14753:
14736:
14687:
14482:
14477:
14224:
13704:
13689:
13533:
13248:
13199:
13169:
12935:
12120:
11496:"Callous–unemotional traits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder"
9199:"Childhood traumatic experiences and psychopathy: A comprehensive review"
6409:"Flourishing under an abusive boss? You may be a psychopath, study shows"
4841:
4183:
4082:
2837:
2808:
2801:
2781:
2722:
2197:
2146:
2005:
1593:
1364:
1289:
1053:
1038:
840:
563:
363:
336:
238:
219:
179:
11635:
9197:
Moreira D, Moreira DS, Barbosa F, Sousa-Gomes V, Fávero M (2021-11-29).
8843:
8669:
8652:
7713:
3331:
2979:
Driessen JM, van Baar JM, Sanfey AG, Glennon JC, Brazil IA (July 2021).
2749:
According to a study from the University of Notre Dame published in the
2481:, a class of mental illnesses that are already traditionally considered
1509:
includes a specifier for those with conduct disorder who also display a
608:
14946:
14768:
14758:
14563:
14538:
14351:
13801:
13777:
13508:
13367:
13357:
13320:
13253:
13228:
12821:
9853:
Beauchaine TP, Klein DN, Crowell SE, Derbidge C, Gatzke-Kopp L (2009).
9497:
9214:
8290:
8271:
7995:
7744:
6796:
6230:
6163:
Mary Ellen O'Toole, Ph.D.; Matt Logan, Ph.D.; and Sharon Smith, Ph.D..
6004:
5870:
Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2 Volume Set)
5349:
4427:
4390:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology"
4351:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology"
3617:
3452:
Skeem JL, Polaschek DL, Patrick CJ, Lilienfeld SO (December 15, 2011).
3005:
2996:
2829:
2825:
2777:
2743:
2648:
1940:
1892:
1438:
1396:
1321:
1128:
1082:
1067:
986:
852:
639:- has been commonly used in compound words since around 1880. The term
436:
432:
307:
223:
171:
75:
13837:
12918:
11064:
10143:
8224:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
6291:
6025:
1939:
to painful stimuli and poor learning of avoiding responses that cause
977:
Psychopathy has been conceptualized as a hybrid condition marked by a
14346:
14336:
14055:
13746:
13268:
13184:
13159:
13154:
10948:
10743:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
9025:
7648:
7470:
7042:
6891:
6569:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
5923:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
4966:
2852:. The public concept reflects some combination of fear of a mythical
2530:
2141:
2113:
2108:
2097:
2092:
1901:
1888:
1646:
1625:
1434:
1197:
1140:
711:
659:, or antisocial behavior, and may be social or biological in origin.
592:
579:
525:
453:
317:
268:
63:
12796:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
12613:
12486:
12484:
11584:
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
10480:
10422:
9605:
8748:
8445:
Nickerson S. "Brain Abnormalities in Psychopaths: A Meta-Analysis".
7690:
7549:
6222:
4918:
Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us
4266:, M. Hamblin Smith, The British Journal of Psychiatry (1930) 76: 838
3807:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
3170:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
2529:
for this purpose. For example, a study found that the antipsychotic
655:. It was used to indicate that the defining feature is violation of
14833:
14682:
14457:
14371:
14361:
14257:
14086:
12826:
The psychopath whisperer: the science of those without a conscience
12202:"Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder"
11439:
9005:"Psychopathy increases perceived moral permissibility of accidents"
7134:
6722:
6520:
5475:
4027:"The Concept of Psychosis: Historical and Phenomenological Aspects"
2853:
2816:
2449:
2445:
2353:
2244:
There are currently two widely established systems for classifying
2153:
2150:
2133:
2118:
2088:
2017:
2001:
1975:, among other areas, is implicated in the mechanism of psychopathy.
1896:
1891:
strategy, which may work as long as there is a large population of
1747:
1532:
1450:
1302:
969:
950:
937:
449:
355:
211:
191:
12661:"If you're succeeding under a bully boss, you may be a psychopath"
11341:
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
6259:
6165:
Looking Behind the Mask: Implications for Interviewing Psychopaths
14783:
14051:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
13916:
13787:
13206:
13179:
13117:
12481:
12326:
Nathan James, Kenneth R. Thomas, Cassandra Foley (July 2, 2007).
12150:
3196:
The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime
2873:
2812:
2785:
2594:
2121:"long" allele, which is generally regarded as protective against
1617:
1597:
1356:
1151:
1070:, that would range from narcissistic personality on the low end,
978:
596:
520:
504:
503:) "suffering, feeling". The first documented use is from 1847 in
452:", and "mentally ill", there is a categorical difference between
347:
343:
207:
203:
71:
12982:
12491:
Board BJ, Fritzon K (2005). "Disordered personalities at work".
9196:
8846:"Neural processing of dynamic facial expressions in psychopaths"
8466:
Yang Y, Raine A, Narr KL, Colletti P, Toga AW (September 2009).
8043:
7976:
Hawes SW, Byrd AL, Waller R, Lynam DR, Pardini DA (2017-01-01).
7841:
3312:(July 1930). "Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality".
1857:
is directly correlated with the affective interpersonal factor.
1081:, three personality traits that are together referred to as the
905:
There are multiple conceptualizations of psychopathy, including
81:"Psychopaths" and "Psychopath" redirect here. For the film, see
14901:
14356:
8895:
7670:
7668:
3451:
2614:
2137:
1831:
influence of childhood trauma on the development of psychopathy
1562:
1147:
1135:
Half of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist consists of symptoms of
14386:
12429:
11048:"The Evolution of the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders"
10402:
10085:
9987:
9852:
8703:
6205:"The Sexual Psychopath Act In Practice: A Critical Discussion"
5259:
4815:
Klara Hitler's Son: Reading the Langer Report on Hitler's Mind
4309:"Related to Psychopathy Psychological Disorders and Diagnoses"
14656:
14150:
11619:"Psychopathy in women: theoretical and clinical perspectives"
11581:
11146:
10825:
9818:
Glenn AL, Raine A (2008). "The Neurobiology of Psychopathy".
8947:
8945:
8180:
8178:
3722:
3720:
2978:
2925:"Psychopathic Personality and How It Develops | HealthyPlace"
2845:
2797:
2701:
to have been a strong candidate as a "corporate psychopath".
2598:
2100:
functioning in impulsive aggression and antisocial behavior.
1883:
compensating evolutionary advantages, and researchers within
1853:
is directly correlated with the social deviation factor, and
1506:
1442:
1328:
interventions commonly given to domestic abuse perpetrators.
1136:
1018:
998:
603:
12978:
Understanding The Psychopath: Key Definitions & Research
12258:
Reforming The Mental Health Act, Part II, High risk patients
10664:
10662:
10660:
9203:
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
7665:
5260:
Edens JF, Marcus DK, Lilienfeld SO, Poythress NG Jr (2006).
4744:"Psychopathic traits differ between cultures, experts claim"
4219:
International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law
3261:
3223:
Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO, Coffey K, Dabbs JM (October 2013).
620:, but it is also used as shorthand for psychotic or crazed.
147:
13263:
11992:
Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. Second Edition.
11220:
7386:
6564:"The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime"
6026:
Baskin-Sommers A, Stuppy-Sullivan AM, Buckholtz JW (2016).
2861:
2857:
2738:
appraisals among corporate professionals. The psychologist
2372:
2317:
Studies suggest strong comorbidity between psychopathy and
1788:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1621:
1613:
1498:
1406:
In considering the issue of possible reunification of some
1174:
and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the
702:
are often used interchangeably, but in some cases the term
374:, which create an outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
150:
144:
129:
11960:"Suffering Souls: The search for the roots of psychopathy"
11870:
11227:
Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society
10123:
8942:
8175:
7513:
Treating Non-offending Parents in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
7343:
7306:
6032:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
4935:
4933:
4931:
4732:(2nd ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
3717:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3222:
1335:
of psychopathy does not necessarily add value to violence
138:
14931:
13018:
11990:
Beck, Aaron T., Freeman, Arthur, Davis, Denise D. (2006)
10657:
9961:
The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression
9589:
9265:"Theory based gender differences in psychopathy subtypes"
9002:
8951:
7884:
6775:
Walsh Z, Swogger MT, Walsh T, Kosson DS (December 2007).
5004:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5,
4652:
4531:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology
4490:
4348:
2525:
medications, although none have yet been approved by the
2305:
Antisocial Personality Disorder scale. There is also the
1980:
14625:
12276:
12199:
11837:
11835:
11223:"Comorbidity of Psychopathy with Major Mental Disorders"
10561:"Maori 'warrior gene' claims appalling, says geneticist"
9718:
9262:
3759:
2067:
dysfunction, although the specific reasons are unknown.
1596:
from other people, more precisely an impaired emotional
1425:
The possibility of psychopathy has been associated with
851:
in 1943, and which may have been intended to be used as
734:
that have been connected to psychopathic traits include
684:
The term is used in various ways in contemporary usage.
12116:"Antisocial personality disorder: Treatments and drugs"
8844:
Decety L., Skelly L. R., Yoder K. J., Kiehl K. (2014).
8269:
7570:
6774:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6115:
6087:"If It Feels Good to Be Good, It Might Be Only Natural"
5373:
Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior
4928:
4154:. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 37.
3536:
1912:. Psychopathy has alternatively been suggested to be a
1577:
12966:
12430:
Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Hare RD (2009).
11107:
11105:
11103:
11101:
10345:
10174:
9778:
2nd edition (ch. 13, pp. 297–332). The Guilford Press.
9761:
2nd edition (ch. 18, pp. 422–455). The Guilford Press.
9675:
8425:
7223:
6504:
5002:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences
4955:
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
4416:
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
2864:
of people who might appear to go through life without
1464:
13448:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
13080:
12758:(5th ed.). Augusta, Georgia: Emily S. Cleckley.
12519:
11832:
11111:
10474:
8747:
Blair RJ, Mitchell D, Richell R, et al. (2002).
8465:
8047:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
7613:
7452:
7224:
Porter S, ten Brinke L, Wilson K (January 10, 2011).
5990:
5867:
5600:
Handbook of individual differences in social behavior
4703:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2625:
2398:
suggested overlaps between (primary) psychopathy and
2261:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2211:
1056:, sensation-seeking (in some cases), and aggression.
616:
from 1936, and from 1942 as a shortening of the noun
387:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
135:
126:
14317:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
13645:
12908:
12321:
12319:
11616:
10930:
9475:
9263:
Falkenbach DM, Reinhard EE, Larson FR (2017-01-15).
8746:
7975:
6493:
5892:
5040:"Successful Psychopathy: A Scientific Status Report"
5037:
4247:
Martin Hildebrand, Rozenberg Publishers, 16 Jun 2005
4228:, Volume 1, Alan Felthous, Henning Sass, 15 Apr 2008
3763:
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3107:
953:
and other neurological systems associated with fear.
141:
12387:
12068:
11185:
11098:
8798:
8320:"Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct"
8313:
8311:
8309:
5698:
4837:
The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report
4803:
The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA
4176:"socio- | Origin and meaning of prefix socio-"
1379:Psychopathy has been associated with commission of
1101:
132:
13420:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
12695:
12126:Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
12081:. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
11542:
11221:Nedopil N, Hollweg M, Hartmann J, Jaser R (1998).
11045:
10809:"Psychopathy: A Rorschach test for psychologists?"
10177:"The Effects of Sertraline on Psychopathic Traits"
7277:
6871:
6777:"Psychopathy and violence: increasing specificity"
6507:"Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales"
6167:in FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July 2012, p. 14.
5544:
5504:
1587:
1324:and therefore may not be amenable to the types of
647:and in 1930 in the US by educational psychologist
595:or in some other sense markedly out of touch with
13972:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
13524:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
12997:Psychiatric Times, 2007 (nb: inconsistent access)
12597:
12316:
12113:
10553:
10028:
9944:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
9755:Cognitive and emotional processing in psychopathy
9117:"Psychopaths in our midst — what you should know"
9072:
9003:Young L, Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Newman JP (2012).
8952:Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Zeier J, Newman JP (2011).
8072:
7948:"The Science of Preventing Dangerous Psychopathy"
7705:
7393:Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
7128:Singh JP, Martin G, Seena F (September 2, 2013).
6964:
5114:
5038:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL, Smith SF (August 2015).
4275:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3150:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
1445:externalization. However, John Horgan, author of
612:has been traced to a shortening of the adjective
15004:
13867:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
12566:Corporate Psychopaths: Organizational Destroyers
12333:. Congressional Research Service. Archived from
11929:"The Hard Sell for Psychopathy Research Funding"
11018:"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)"
10869:
10532:""Warrior genes" and the disease of being Māori"
9901:
9721:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
8306:
8272:"Altered connections on the road to psychopathy"
8265:
8263:
8213:
8211:
7736:
7127:
5498:
4773:
2226:
1166:In an experiment published in March 2007 at the
1074:in the middle, and psychopathy at the high end.
10931:Drislane LE, Patrick CJ, Arsal G (2013-12-09).
9481:
8080:"Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5"
7063:
6830:
6375:"A disturbing number of bosses are psychopaths"
5463:
5151:
4995:
4284:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
4197:Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality
2188:Psychopathy is most commonly assessed with the
1331:Some clinicians suggest that assessment of the
1245:
706:is preferred because it is less likely than is
529:has meant the study of disease since 1610, and
408:(ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of
13030:What Psychopaths Teach Us about How to Succeed
12351:
11617:Wynn R, Høiseth MH, Pettersen G (2012-06-01).
11181:
11179:
10800:
10619:
10453:
9557:The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
9302:
9300:
9298:
9148:"The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy"
8891:
8889:
8192:. The Franklin Institute. 2004. Archived from
7387:Hildebrand M, de Ruiter C, de Vogel V (2004).
7273:
7271:
6915:"Violence Risk: From Prediction to Management"
5590:
5550:
4706:(Fourth, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) ed.).
4152:The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice
3665:
3612:
3088:
2439:pattern while in women it manifests more as a
1491:Terrie Moffitt's developmental theory of crime
1123:spectrum disorders, complex partial seizures,
670:were once used interchangeably in relation to
14641:
14402:
14180:Election denial movement in the United States
13066:
13023:NPR audio, text and expert panel report, 2011
12388:Cooke DJ, Michie C, Hart SD, Hare RD (1999).
12357:
12078:The Pocket Guide to the DSM-5 Diagnostic Exam
10278:
10231:
9813:
9811:
9548:
9431:"Is psychopathy a disorder or an adaptation?"
9093:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9062:
9060:
8792:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8533:
8531:
8260:
8208:
7510:
6971:Clinician's Guide to Violence Risk Assessment
6958:
6826:
6824:
6770:
6768:
6636:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
6464:
5645:Handbook of interpersonal theory and research
5118:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
4911:
4909:
4145:
4143:
3755:
3753:
3622:criteria for antisocial personality disorder"
3302:
13011:"Can A Test Really Tell Who's A Psychopath?"
12698:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
12550:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
12490:
11752:
11750:
11748:
11746:
11744:
11046:Surís A, Holliday R, North CS (2016-01-18).
10668:
9770:Hicks, B. M., & Drislane, L. E. (2018).
9747:
8697:
8167:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7535:
7012:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
5771:
5642:
5370:
5000:, in Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK (eds.),
4730:Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist
4468:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go To Work
3459:Psychological Science in the Public Interest
3193:
1871:
1765:Influence of childhood trauma in psychopathy
1089:refers to these traits with the addition of
781:
557:
13400:
12955:Handbook of Psychopathy, 2nd Edition (2018)
12888:. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
12876:Thimble, Michael H.F.R.C.P., F.R.C. Psych.
12665:Ladders | Business News & Career Advice
12440:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
12206:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
11871:Gregory S, Blair RJ, ffytche D, Simmons A,
11432:
11272:
11188:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
11176:
11148:the borderline personality disorder?].
10989:"DSM-5: What It Is & What It Diagnoses"
10903:"Triarchic Psychopathy Measure - cplabwiki"
10819:
10734:
10626:Handbook of Personology and Psychopathology
9583:
9428:
9295:
8959:Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
8954:"Utilitarian moral judgment in psychopathy"
8886:
8740:
8690:
8688:
8580:
8537:
8317:
7614:Häkkänen-Nyholm H, Nyholm JO, eds. (2012).
7453:Hawes SW, Boccaccini MT, Murrie DC (2013).
7268:
6714:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
6625:
6512:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
6338:"Will the Real Psychopath Please Stand Up?"
5427:
5425:
5192:
5047:Current Directions in Psychological Science
4875:Lifestyle Theory: Past, Present, and Future
2295:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
1930:
1131:, and, of course, brain damage/dysfunction.
498:
488:
23:
14648:
14634:
14409:
14395:
13852:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
13073:
13059:
12693:
12546:
12328:"Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Persons"
12107:
11875:, Hodgins S, Blackwood N (February 2015).
11841:
11807:
11675:
11545:"Asperger syndrome and criminal behaviour"
11337:
11308:
11306:
10777:
10523:
9958:
9817:
9808:
9764:
9057:
8637:
8528:
8419:
7983:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
7616:Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide
6821:
6765:
6706:
6202:
5596:
4906:
4470:. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
4387:
4140:
3750:
3606:
2981:"Moral strategies and psychopathic traits"
2807:Such characters are often portrayed in an
2371:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (
1708:plays an important role in moral behavior.
1227:Arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style
965:systems that are involved in such control.
24:
12878:Psychopathology of Frontal Lobe Syndromes
12277:Paul Harrison, John Geddes (2005-07-18).
12233:
12176:
11756:
11741:
11652:
11634:
11562:
11519:
11470:
11460:
11081:
11063:
10964:
10694:
10506:
10430:
10379:
10208:
10181:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
10151:
10062:
10003:
9878:
9652:
9626:
9458:
9448:
9173:
9033:
8979:
8869:
8668:
8563:
8501:
8289:
8243:
8144:
8044:American Psychiatric Association (2013).
8011:
7920:
7169:
7159:
7032:
6804:
6612:
6309:
6061:
6051:
5399:
5329:
4690:
4673:
4050:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3308:
3071:
3053:
3004:
2947:
1817:Learn how and when to remove this message
1355:, including sensation seeking, a lack of
1044:Psychopathy has also been linked to high
1028:
14205:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
12751:
12074:
12046:"Psychopathic Criminals Cannot Be Cured"
12005:
11957:
11214:
10806:
10797:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 32:408–29, 2004
10456:The British Journal of Forensic Practice
10292:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
10284:
10042:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
9678:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
9114:
8685:
8368:
8028:
7674:
7186:
7104:
7057:
6919:Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts
6912:
6084:
5868:Benjamin S, Virginia S, Pedro R (2017).
5422:
5393:
5364:
4948:
4723:
4721:
4710:. 2000. pp. 645–650. Archived from
4645:
3574:
2950:"Psychopathy as a Personality Construct"
2860:, and fascination and sometimes perhaps
2485:. People with psychopathy are generally
2251:International Classification of Diseases
2177:
1966:
1695:
1600:in the recognition of, and response to,
1511:callous, unemotional interpersonal style
1267:
723:person in the sense of right and wrong.
405:International Classification of Diseases
32:This is an accepted version of this page
14004:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
12883:
12725:Psychopathic Cultures and Toxic Empires
12591:
12582:
12572:
12557:
12540:
12011:
11623:International Journal of Women's Health
11303:
11140:
10740:
10711:
10669:Kiehl KA, Hoffman MB (1 January 2011).
10529:
9145:
9099:
8341:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452
6965:Mills JF, Kroner DG, Morgan RD (2011).
6608:from the original on November 19, 2015.
6561:
6470:
6435:
6433:
6403:
6401:
5963:
5920:
5692:
5665:
5505:Regoli RM, Hewitt JD, DeLisi M (2011).
5431:
4868:
4608:
4565:
4409:
3676:
3551:
3498:from the original on February 22, 2016.
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
2856:, the disgust and intrigue surrounding
2811:fashion and typically in the role of a
2460:females are rare in forensic settings.
556:concept of "psychopathic inferiority" (
14:
15005:
14892:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
14131:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
13922:Soviet influence on the peace movement
13519:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
12739:The Psychopath – Emotion and the Brain
12381:
12250:
11374:
11312:
10863:
10717:
9787:
9306:
9269:Personality and Individual Differences
8899:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
8653:"Neurobiological basis of psychopathy"
7942:
7940:
7642:
7256:from the original on December 30, 2023
6369:
6367:
5772:Jones DN, Paulhus DL (February 2014).
5674:Personality and Individual Differences
5508:Delinquency in Society: The Essentials
5079:
4833:
4827:
4528:
4397:Personality and Individual Differences
4355:Personality and Individual Differences
4276:Fisher KA, Torrico TJ, Hany M (2024),
4214:
4212:
4149:
4121:
4115:
4103:from the original on 19 September 2020
4000:
3998:
3966:
3964:
3933:
3931:
3900:
3898:
3837:
3835:
3738:from the original on September 4, 2013
3513:
3502:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
2676:
2448:of psychopathy. For girls, 75% of the
2375:) is known to be highly comorbid with
2307:Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
2190:Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R)
651:, as an alternative to the concept of
545:from 1891 in the medical literature).
515:has been traced to 1885. In medicine,
302:is accepted, though benefits are weak.
14629:
14390:
14278:
13856:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
13644:
13557:
13465:
13399:
13096:
13054:
12963:, PDF of Hervey Cleckley's book, 1988
12851:Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY, 2007,
12820:
12643:
12563:
12423:
12132:from the original on 10 November 2013
12056:from the original on 20 February 2023
11984:
10571:News. August 10, 2006. Archived from
10034:
9669:
9554:
9429:Leedom LJ, Almas LH (December 2012).
9388:Perspectives on Psychological Science
9355:
8650:
8586:
8444:
8217:
8100:from the original on October 19, 2013
7755:from the original on November 3, 2013
7205:from the original on October 28, 2010
6676:
6331:
6329:
6287:
6285:
6254:
6252:
6198:
6196:
6175:
6173:
6159:
6157:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6078:
5145:
4808:
4718:
4524:
4522:
4168:
4024:
4018:
2960:from the original on 5 September 2023
2841:
2742:identifies psychopathy as one of the
1645:Psychopathy has been associated with
1568:Although some studies have suggested
1420:
1239:Impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle
1186:
1146:Psychopathic individuals do not show
756:(1801; "mania without delirium") and
298:Very few accepted treatments. Use of
12789:
12741:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing,
12525:
12095:from the original on January 2, 2017
12043:
12014:"Psychopaths: how can you spot one?"
11909:from the original on 9 February 2018
11493:
11317:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 107.
11112:Blair J, Mitchel D, Blair K (2005).
10730:from the original on March 18, 2012.
9820:Psychiatric Clinics of North America
9772:Variants ("subtypes") of psychopathy
9385:
9104:. Guilford Press. pp. 234, 240.
8706:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
8448:North American Journal of Psychology
8407:from the original on 26 January 2021
8328:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
7724:from the original on August 10, 2014
6430:
6398:
4915:
4774:Craig L, Browne K, Beech AR (2008).
4727:
4465:
3800:
3701:from the original on 25 January 2021
3598:(2). New York City: MJH Associates.
3580:
3163:
2303:Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
1770:
1276:, violence, and antisocial behavior.
271:, other psychotic disorders such as
15038:Obsolete terms for mental disorders
14126:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
13336:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
12114:Mayo Clinic staff (12 April 2013).
10327:from the original on 6 October 2016
7937:
7281:Legal and Criminological Psychology
7230:Legal and Criminological Psychology
7111:forensicpsychologist.blogspot.co.uk
6364:
6335:
6270:from the original on 6 January 2021
6203:Hacker FJ, Frym M (December 1955).
4209:
4089:
3995:
3961:
3928:
3895:
3832:
3346:
2842:callous and scheming businessperson
2764:Fictional portrayals of psychopaths
2681:
2605:is grounds for detention in secure
1943:, as well as low reactivity in the
1757:
1477:
1465:Childhood and adolescent precursors
1374:
1207:
783:psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten
688:stated in the popular science book
366:. These traits are often masked by
56:
14569:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
13597:Misinformation related to abortion
11972:from the original on 10 March 2016
11814:American Psychological Association
11354:10.1097/01.CHI.0000070252.24125.CD
11115:Psychopathy, emotion and the brain
10594:"Scientist debunks 'warrior gene'"
9127:from the original on 23 April 2016
8486:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.110
7192:
7025:American Psychological Association
6843:American Psychological Association
6753:from the original on 18 April 2016
6543:from the original on 13 April 2016
6326:
6282:
6249:
6237:from the original on 16 April 2016
6193:
6170:
6154:
6104:
5993:Psychology, Public Policy, and Law
5467:Journal of Research in Personality
5279:American Psychological Association
5209:American Psychological Association
5164:American Psychological Association
4877:. Nova Publishers. pp. 42–3.
4805:Bradley F Smith. Times Books. 1983
4519:
3602:from the original on May 28, 2013.
3322:(87). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
3315:The American Journal of Psychiatry
3229:Journal of Research in Personality
3187:
2418:
2299:California Psychological Inventory
2218:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
2212:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
1700:From accidents such as the one of
1414:
930:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
743:description of an unscrupulous man
676:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
559:psychopathische Minderwertigkeiten
57:
15054:
13814:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
13427:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
13042:"When Your Child is a Psychopath"
12904:
12601:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
11820:from the original on 8 March 2016
11810:"Treatment for the 'untreatable'"
11550:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
11543:Dein K, Woodbury-Smith M (2010).
11500:The British Journal of Psychiatry
9645:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.03.012
9593:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
9534:Patrick, Christopher J. (Editor)
8657:The British Journal of Psychiatry
8050:(Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA:
7844:Journal of Individual Differences
7678:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
6841:(3). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
6781:Netherlands Journal of Psychology
6298:The British Journal of Psychiatry
5872:(10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
4698:"Antisocial personality disorder"
4278:"Antisocial Personality Disorder"
3516:The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry
2569:
1866:
1640:
1168:University of Southern California
833:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
261:narcissistic personality disorder
14367:United States Information Agency
13646:Operations and events by country
12969:Official web site of Robert Hare
12694:Babiak P, Hare RD (2009-10-13).
12653:
12636:
12270:
12193:
12144:
12037:
11951:
11921:
11864:
11801:
11669:
11610:
11575:
11536:
11487:
11426:
11368:
11331:
11315:The Psychopathy of Everyday Life
11266:
11136:from the original on 2016-03-06.
11039:
11010:
10981:
10924:
10895:
10638:
10447:
10396:
10339:
10225:
10168:
10131:European Journal of Neuroscience
10117:
10103:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.025
10079:
9981:
9952:
9895:
9846:
9804:from the original on 2018-02-16.
9781:
9733:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01679.x
9712:
9620:
9569:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02058.x
9528:
9422:
9400:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x
9379:
9349:
9256:
9190:
9139:
9115:Wallisch P (November 17, 2014).
9108:
9053:from the original on 2013-04-06.
8996:
8837:
8633:from the original on 2013-07-21.
8518:
8459:
8438:
8362:
8358:from the original on 2013-09-14.
8112:
8091:American Psychiatric Association
8037:
7969:
7878:
7835:
7767:
7742:
7711:
7636:
7607:
7564:
7529:
7504:
7446:
7380:
7337:
7300:
7217:
7142:(9). San Francisco, California:
7121:
7098:
7006:
6906:
6865:
6700:
6670:
6666:from the original on 2011-12-03.
6576:(2). Thousand Oaks, California:
6555:
5010:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1075-1
4996:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL (2016),
4708:American Psychiatric Association
3732:Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
3466:(3). Thousand Oaks, California:
3324:American Psychiatric Association
3268:Journal of Personality Disorders
2954:American Psychiatric Association
2620:
2578:, instead of 30 as it is in the
2503:behavior modification techniques
2266:American Psychiatric Association
1924:
1838:model and Christopher Patrick's
1775:
1763:This section is an excerpt from
1517:
1403:has consolidated such a result.
1102:Criticism of current conceptions
623:The media usually uses the term
394:), as did American psychologist
122:
14588:
14529:Antisocial personality disorder
14416:
13967:Information war against Ukraine
13514:International Jewish conspiracy
13482:Congo Free State propaganda war
12961:The Mask of Sanity, 5th Edition
12686:
12671:from the original on 2018-02-16
12470:from the original on 2020-11-23
12412:from the original on 2020-08-06
12363:Aggression and Violent Behavior
12301:from the original on 2021-01-25
12026:from the original on 2015-01-09
11730:from the original on 2020-08-06
11415:from the original on 2023-03-07
11251:from the original on 2017-04-04
11028:from the original on 2023-09-20
10999:from the original on 2023-12-30
10913:from the original on 2022-01-06
10608:from the original on 2020-08-07
10305:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009
10090:Journal of Psychiatric Research
10055:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.005
9904:Development and Psychopathology
9859:Development and Psychopathology
9690:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104875
9368:from the original on 2022-09-27
9245:from the original on 2023-03-22
9075:Aggression and Violent Behavior
8912:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.006
8781:from the original on 2020-10-12
8052:American Psychiatric Publishing
7958:from the original on 2018-02-16
7824:from the original on 2020-10-14
7493:from the original on 2020-08-25
7435:from the original on 2020-06-16
7199:Federal Bureau of Investigation
6991:from the original on 2017-04-04
6943:from the original on 2017-04-03
6789:Springer Science+Business Media
6707:Glenn AL, Raine A (July 2009).
6689:from the original on 2023-01-30
6453:from the original on 2018-02-16
6419:from the original on 2018-02-16
6387:from the original on 2018-02-16
6352:from the original on 8 May 2016
6019:
5984:
5957:
5914:
5886:
5861:
5852:
5843:
5833:
5823:
5812:from the original on 2023-05-28
5765:
5755:
5745:
5735:
5636:
5621:from the original on 2021-02-25
5575:from the original on 2020-08-19
5551:Campbell WK, Miller JD (2011).
5529:from the original on 2020-08-20
5457:
5323:
5312:from the original on 2020-11-23
5253:
5242:from the original on 2021-01-28
5186:
5108:
5073:
5031:
4989:
4942:
4891:from the original on 2017-03-23
4862:
4796:
4776:Assessing Risk in Sex Offenders
4767:
4756:from the original on 2018-02-16
4736:
4639:
4602:
4559:
4484:
4459:
4442:
4403:
4381:
4342:
4325:
4301:
4269:
4250:
4231:
4190:
4067:
3865:
3794:
3772:Springer Science+Business Media
3654:from the original on 2020-08-06
3111:Development and Psychopathology
2769:
2768:Characters with psychopathy or
2319:antisocial personality disorder
2274:antisocial personality disorder
1962:
1716:
1588:Emotion recognition and empathy
1349:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1156:antisocial personality disorder
800:
672:antisocial personality disorder
519:has a more specific meaning of
417:
410:antisocial personality disorder
257:Antisocial personality disorder
97:antisocial personality disorder
14279:
14195:Information Operations Roadmap
14105:Psychological Warfare Division
13675:Chinese information operations
13624:Water fluoridation controversy
12828:. New York: Crown Publishers.
12218:10.1002/14651858.CD007667.pub3
11276:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
10499:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.026
10364:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.006
9013:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
8754:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
8556:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.013
8473:Archives of General Psychiatry
8137:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.014
7905:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111381
7892:American Journal of Psychiatry
7511:Levenson JS, Morin JW (2000).
6917:. In Carson D, Bull R (eds.).
6834:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5270:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5200:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5155:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5086:. New York: Psychology Press.
3627:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
3255:
3216:
3029:
2985:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
2972:
2941:
2917:
2637:sexually dangerous person laws
2603:dissocial personality disorder
2454:callous and unemotional traits
2405:callous and unemotional traits
2312:
2297:(Psychopathic Deviate scale),
2284:
2278:dissocial personality disorder
2239:
2078:
1957:response modulation hypothesis
1739:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1691:
1542:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1263:
1233:Deficient affective experience
1216:
1176:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1160:dissocial personality disorder
1125:dissociative identity disorder
992:
414:dissocial personality disorder
13:
1:
14673:Adverse childhood experiences
14579:Sadistic personality disorder
14302:Active Measures Working Group
13960:during the Russo-Georgian War
13927:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
11895:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00071-6
10235:Journal of Psychopharmacology
8802:Journal of Genetic Psychology
8694:"Psychopathy" by Quinton 2006
8390:10.1080/01639625.2019.1582968
8190:The Franklin Institute Online
7310:Criminal Justice and Behavior
6132:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.053
5513:Jones & Bartlett Learning
5511:. Burlington, Massachusetts:
5484:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
4533:. Thousand Oaks, California:
3616:, Hart SD, Harpur TJ (1991).
2910:
2757:
2487:unmotivated to seek treatment
2463:
2227:Triarchic Psychopathy Measure
1931:§ Mental characteristics
1919:
878:
726:
630:
14185:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
13862:Fake news in the Philippines
13466:
13234:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
12505:10.1080/10683160310001634304
11958:Seabrook J (November 2008).
11808:Dingfelder SF (March 2004).
11759:Trauma, Violence & Abuse
11691:(3): 290, 292–294, 296–297.
11462:10.1371/journal.pone.0134331
11235:10.1007/978-94-011-3965-6_12
10193:10.1097/YIC.0b013e32834b80df
9153:Reviews in the Neurosciences
8862:10.1080/17470919.2013.866905
8608:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p
8318:Hare RD, Neumann CS (2008).
7714:"Psychopathy Scales: PCL:YV"
7161:10.1371/journal.pone.0072484
7105:Franklin K (June 19, 2011).
6626:Neumann CS, Hare RD (2008).
6519:(3). Amsterdam, Netherland:
6260:"Frequently asked questions"
5402:Psychobiology of personality
5193:Edens JF, Marcus DK (2006).
5083:The Antisocial Personalities
4625:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90031-X
4124:The Antisocial Personalities
3728:"Hare Psychopathy Checklist"
3194:Stone MH, Brucato G (2019).
3173:. New York: Guilford Press.
2844:, and the chronic low-level
2688:Psychopathy in the workplace
2659:
2654:randomized controlled trials
2642:
2167:
2087:combined with low levels of
2043:connecting the amygdala and
1557:connecting the amygdala and
1546:stimulus-reinforced learning
1522:
1258:
1246:Low anxiety and fearlessness
1077:Psychopathy, narcissism and
849:Office of Strategic Services
809:. In his classic monograph,
572:Stedman's Medical Dictionary
568:National Library of Medicine
470:
7:
14312:Counter Misinformation Team
14307:Counter disinformation unit
13757:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
13244:Forgery as covert operation
12493:Psychology, Crime & Law
12256:The Mental Health Act (UK)
11676:Eisenbarth H (2014-03-01).
11162:10.1016/j.encep.2009.07.004
10718:Minkel JR (June 17, 2010).
10285:Yildirim BO (August 2013).
10248:10.1177/0269881103017002011
10014:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.149
8767:10.1037/0021-843x.111.4.682
8186:"Protect – Watch Your Head"
7645:The Psychology of Terrorism
7074:(3). Oxfordshire, England:
6851:10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.436
5597:Leary MR, Hoyle RH (2009).
5287:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131
5217:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131
5172:10.1037/0021-843X.113.4.626
4015:Retrieved January 21st 2012
3992:Retrieved January 21st 2012
3943:Online Etymology Dictionary
3910:Online Etymology Dictionary
3877:Online Etymology Dictionary
3847:Online Etymology Dictionary
3640:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.391
2883:
2751:Journal of Business Ethics,
2538:in other mental disorders.
2468:
2301:(Socialization scale), and
2289:There are some traditional
1447:The Psychology of Terrorism
1312:Studies on perpetrators of
1296:
883:
827:The diagnostic category of
90:Psychopath (disambiguation)
10:
15059:
14322:The Disinformation Project
13752:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
13108:Algorithmic radicalization
12988:The Paradox of Psychopathy
12727:Frontline Noir, Edinburgh
12547:Baibak P, Hare RD (2007).
12453:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.01.002
12052:. Sussex Publishers, LLC.
11933:Center for Science and Law
11596:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.014
11289:10.1037/0021-843X.99.4.430
11200:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.03.005
9965:Cambridge University Press
9774:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.),
9757:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.),
9281:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.023
9166:10.1515/revneuro-2012-0036
8369:Sharratt K (22 Feb 2019).
7745:"Psychopathy Scales: APSD"
7405:10.1177/107906320401600101
7067:Clinical Psychology Review
6731:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.002
6649:10.1037/0022-006X.76.5.893
6529:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.02.008
6085:Vedantam S (28 May 2007).
5686:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020
5439:. New Haven, Connecticut:
5406:Cambridge University Press
5131:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.387
4580:10.1177/0957154X9901003706
4367:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110124
3120:Cambridge University Press
3055:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1061642
2761:
2685:
2550:settings, particularly in
2215:
2181:
1928:
1875:
1762:
1686:callous-unemotional traits
1675:
1481:
1418:
463:
459:
342:characterized by impaired
216:psychological manipulation
94:
80:
61:
14882:Abusive power and control
14864:
14663:
14655:
14597:
14521:
14445:
14424:
14285:
14274:
14245:
14239:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
14233:
14215:Tobacco industry playbook
14146:CIA Kennedy assassination
14118:
14064:
14038:
14026:
13940:
13887:
13875:
13844:
13832:
13820:
13808:
13796:
13765:
13739:
13727:
13667:
13655:
13651:
13640:
13472:
13461:
13406:
13395:
13279:Manipulation (psychology)
13103:
13097:
13092:
13001:Into the Mind of a Killer
12926:
12912:
12777:The Wisdom of Psychopaths
12375:10.1016/j.avb.2013.06.003
12280:Lecture Notes: Psychiatry
12169:10.1017/S1092852914000157
11697:10.1007/s00115-013-3902-9
11564:10.1192/apt.bp.107.005082
11512:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159863
11393:10.1017/S0033291706008853
11387:(12). et al.: 1789–1798.
11022:World Health Organization
10907:patrickcnslab.psy.fsu.edu
10538:(2): 1–11. Archived from
10035:Glenn AL (January 2011).
9916:10.1017/S0954579405050546
9871:10.1017/S0954579409000418
9832:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.004
9362:Psypost - Psychology News
9087:10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009
8815:10.1080/00221320109597961
7856:10.1027/1614-0001/a000090
7585:10.1017/S1092852917000645
7144:Public Library of Science
7084:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.009
6683:Psypost - Psychology News
6562:Walters GD (April 2004).
6346:University of North Texas
6179:See Section 1 of the act
6119:Physiology & Behavior
4505:10.1037/1040-3590.14.1.27
3780:10.1007/s10862-009-9147-z
3677:Andrade J (23 Mar 2009).
3241:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.006
3128:10.1017/S0954579409000492
3118:(3). Cambridge, England:
2615:traditional incarceration
2495:pharmacological therapies
2256:World Health Organization
2232:total psychopathy score.
2159:Findings have also shown
2145:found that a large 2D:4D
2012:, anterior and posterior
1872:Evolutionary explanations
1561:. There is evidence from
831:in early editions of the
745:by the Greek philosopher
499:
489:
316:
306:
294:
286:
250:
237:
229:
185:
165:
114:
109:
14957:Psychological projection
14819:Referee and umpire abuse
14327:East StratCom Task Force
14141:9/11 conspiracy theories
13138:List of cognitive biases
12737:Blair, J. et al. (2005)
12406:10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.3
12394:Psychological Assessment
12012:Chivers T (2014-04-06).
11771:10.1177/1524838006288929
10937:Psychological Assessment
10841:10.1177/1073191111402460
10755:10.1177/0306624X03259472
10352:Psychoneuroendocrinology
9627:Yang Y, Raine A (2009).
9450:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00549
9100:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005).
7459:Psychological Assessment
7323:10.1177/0093854808327277
7294:10.1348/135532508X284310
7242:10.1348/135532508X284310
6586:10.1177/0306624X03259472
6471:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005).
5935:10.1177/0306624X03259472
5896:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law
5790:10.1177/1073191113514105
5713:10.1177/0956797613490749
5080:Lykken DT (1995-05-01).
5059:10.1177/0963721415580297
4666:10.1136/bmj.309.6958.826
4612:Comprehensive Psychiatry
4493:Psychological Assessment
3476:10.1177/1529100611426706
3280:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_134
2626:"Sexual psychopath" laws
2541:
2172:
2149:, an indication of high
1945:autonomic nervous system
1729:, such as damage to the
1721:Researchers have linked
1663:
1572:between psychopathy and
1397:deviant sexual interests
1272:Psychopathy is strongly
778:psychopathic inferiority
333:psychopathic personality
281:schizoaffective disorder
62:Not to be confused with
39:latest accepted revision
14253:Public opinion brigades
14210:Niger uranium forgeries
14200:Litter boxes in schools
13570:COVID-19 misinformation
13492:Free energy suppression
13401:Books and documentaries
13175:Euphemistic misspeaking
12044:Bonn SA (August 2014).
11844:Handbook of psychopathy
11447:(9). et al.: e0134331.
9918:(inactive 2024-09-18).
9776:Handbook of psychopathy
9759:Handbook of psychopathy
9753:Patrick, C. J. (2018).
9684:. Elsevier BV: 104875.
9536:Handbook of Psychopathy
9436:Frontiers in Psychology
9102:Handbook of Psychopathy
8718:10.1023/A:1012277125119
8428:Handbook of psychopathy
7794:10.1023/a:1025787019702
7358:10.1023/A:1025461421791
7023:(5). Washington, D.C.:
6677:Dolan EW (2023-01-28).
6473:Handbook of Psychopathy
6053:10.1073/pnas.1609985113
5277:(1). Washington, D.C.:
5207:(1). Washington, D.C.:
5162:(4). Washington, D.C.:
4871:"Hitler the Psychopath"
4410:Patrick C (July 2016).
3554:Handbook of Psychopathy
3520:Oxford University Press
3042:Frontiers in Psychiatry
2491:Handbook of Psychopathy
2390:substance use disorders
2198:William and Joan McCord
2123:internalizing disorders
1885:evolutionary psychology
1878:Evolutionary psychiatry
1704:, it is known that the
1421:§ In the workplace
829:sociopathic personality
817:Veterans Administration
774:intellectual disability
535:has meant the study of
290:Proper care of children
14584:Sexual sadism disorder
14544:History of psychopathy
14513:Superficially charming
13999:2016 Brexit referendum
13348:Scientific fabrication
13259:Historical negationism
12983:Psychopathy Is website
12973:Philpapers Psychopathy
12267:Accessed June 26, 2006
11506:(5). et al.: 392–399.
11381:Psychological Medicine
10604:. September 12, 2009.
10569:The New Zealand Herald
10468:10.5042/bjfp.2010.0183
9991:Psychological Bulletin
9485:Psychological Bulletin
9356:Manis E (2022-09-13).
8236:10.1098/rstb.2008.0027
7346:Law and Human Behavior
7117:on September 23, 2013.
7016:Psychological Bulletin
6927:10.1002/0470013397.ch5
5404:. Cambridge, England:
5333:Journal of Personality
4529:Wenzel A, ed. (2017).
4388:Lilienfeld SO (2020).
4031:Schizophrenia Bulletin
2588:Mental Health Act 2007
2433:openness to experience
2356:disorders in general,
2276:(ASPD) in the DSM and
2264:(DSM) produced by the
2254:(ICD) produced by the
1976:
1797:by rewriting it in an
1727:traumatic brain injury
1709:
1538:traumatic brain injury
1277:
1133:
1029:Personality dimensions
907:Cleckleyan psychopathy
893:
782:
776:. He applied the term
558:
466:History of psychopathy
350:, in combination with
265:sexual sadism disorder
252:Differential diagnosis
88:. For other uses, see
59:Mental health disorder
14927:Just-world hypothesis
14678:Anti-social behaviour
14574:Psychopathy Checklist
14453:Anti-social behaviour
14295:Fact-checking website
14100:Operation Mass Appeal
14082:Clockwork Orange plot
13592:Mental illness denial
13487:Climate change denial
13304:Psychological warfare
13274:Internet manipulation
13239:Firehose of falsehood
13165:Disinformation attack
11882:The Lancet Psychiatry
9318:Karolinska Institutet
8125:Biological Psychiatry
7620:John Wiley & Sons
6967:"Psychopathic Traits"
6311:10.1192/bjp.188.2.159
6210:California Law Review
5701:Psychological Science
5441:Yale University Press
5092:10.4324/9780203763551
4780:John Wiley & Sons
4568:History of Psychiatry
4043:10.1093/schbul/sbm136
3618:"Psychopathy and the
3198:. Amherst, New York:
2890:Collective narcissism
2800:stories, and some of
2607:psychiatric hospitals
2479:personality disorders
2415:in sample selection.
2342:personality disorders
2202:as a theoretical tool
2184:Psychopathy Checklist
2178:Psychopathy Checklist
2164:needed in this area.
1970:
1699:
1634:extrastriate cortical
1570:inverse relationships
1274:correlated with crime
1271:
1117:bipolar mood disorder
1112:
932:(PPI) to this model.
926:Psychopathy Checklist
888:
868:probably a psychopath
837:Psychopathy Checklist
570:. On the other hand,
426:Psychopathy Checklist
15043:Behavioural sciences
14962:Psychological trauma
14549:Juvenile delinquency
13434:Who's Who in the CIA
12287:. pp. 163–165.
12285:Blackwell Publishing
11994:The Guilford Press.
10575:on February 23, 2013
8538:Kiehl K. A. (2006).
8277:Molecular Psychiatry
6882:(3). New York City:
6787:(4). New York City:
6721:(4). New York City:
5474:(6). New York City:
5443:. pp. 130–153.
5400:Zuckerman M (1991).
5340:(6). New York City:
4998:"Fearless Dominance"
4949:Blonigen DM (2013).
4126:. Psychology Press.
3770:(2). New York City:
3584:(February 1, 1996).
2948:Blackburn R (2005).
2929:www.healthyplace.com
2868:and unencumbered by
2350:obsessive–compulsive
2065:orbitofrontal cortex
2045:orbitofrontal cortex
2010:parahippocampal gyri
1979:Thanks to advancing
1973:orbitofrontal cortex
1735:orbitofrontal cortex
1681:Genetically informed
1559:orbitofrontal cortex
1527:Dysfunctions in the
1072:malignant narcissism
1062:, from a particular
1052:and responsibility,
915:criminal psychopathy
710:to be confused with
479:is a joining of the
446:fictional portrayals
277:schizotypal disorder
15033:Forensic psychology
14872:Abusive supervision
14799:Psychological abuse
14774:Institutional abuse
14610:George E. Partridge
14136:Conspiracy theories
14077:Double-Cross System
14046:Conspiracy theories
13907:Operation INFEKTION
13695:Internet Water Army
13549:Strategy of tension
13414:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
13299:Post-truth politics
13035:Scientific American
12752:Cleckley H (1988).
12723:Black, Will (2014)
12075:Nussbaum A (2013).
12019:The Daily Telegraph
11850:. pp. 555–72.
11636:10.2147/IJWH.S25518
11453:2015PLoSO..1034331O
11229:. pp. 257–68.
11052:Behavioral Sciences
10807:Franklin K (2011).
10784:Dorothy Otnow Lewis
10487:Psychiatry Research
10410:Nature Neuroscience
9967:. pp. 170–86.
9633:Psychiatry Research
8972:10.1093/scan/nsr048
8850:Social Neuroscience
8670:10.1192/bjp.182.1.5
8544:Psychiatry Research
8434:. pp. 401–421.
8284:(10): 946–53, 907.
7952:World of Psychology
7538:Behavioral Sciences
7515:. SAGE. p. 7.
7152:2013PLoSO...872484S
6921:. pp. 127–42.
6913:Heilbrun K (2005).
6875:Aggressive Behavior
6091:The Washington Post
6044:2016PNAS..11314438B
6038:(50): 14438–14443.
5651:. pp. 249–67.
5379:. pp. 171–87.
4869:Walters GD (2006).
4834:Langer WC (1972) .
4646:Bluglass R (1994).
4333:"DSM-5 Section III"
4186:on August 22, 2012.
4085:on August 23, 2012.
3685:Springer Publishing
3518:. Oxford, England:
3332:10.1176/ajp.87.1.53
2905:Violence and autism
2850:juvenile delinquent
2677:Society and culture
2617:is often not used.
2601:, the diagnosis of
2428:for men and women.
2352:disorders, but not
2161:monoamine oxidase A
1971:Dysfunction of the
1551:uncinate fasciculus
1108:Dorothy Otnow Lewis
649:George E. Partridge
396:George E. Partridge
176:clinical psychology
29:Page version status
14952:Playing the victim
14844:Surveillance abuse
14794:Professional abuse
14715:Cruelty to animals
14605:Hervey M. Cleckley
14498:Pathological lying
14468:Diminished empathy
14032:HIV/AIDS denialism
14009:Trolls from Olgino
13783:Paid news in India
13773:Fake news in India
13587:HIV/AIDS denialism
13441:Merchants of Doubt
13314:Military deception
13289:Media manipulation
13128:Circular reporting
12993:2013-04-15 at the
12967:Without Conscience
12927:External resources
12884:Widiger T (1995).
12755:The Mask of Sanity
12263:2005-11-17 at the
11433:O'Nions E (2015).
10793:2020-11-23 at the
10724:Scientific America
10650:2017-04-04 at the
10631:2017-04-04 at the
9826:(3): 463–75, vii.
9541:2017-04-03 at the
9498:10.1037/bul0000024
9215:10.1037/tra0001191
9146:Koenigs M (2012).
8291:10.1038/mp.2009.40
7996:10.1111/jcpp.12598
7749:Without Conscience
7718:Without Conscience
6977:. pp. 55–64.
6797:10.1007/BF03061075
6479:. pp. 440–3.
6186:2015-04-23 at the
6005:10.1037/law0000239
5350:10.1111/jopy.12124
4820:2020-08-06 at the
4428:10.1037/per0000179
4262:2015-10-01 at the
4243:2017-04-04 at the
4224:2017-01-03 at the
4202:2018-11-16 at the
4122:Lykken DT (1995).
4099:. Dictionary.com.
4011:2013-04-04 at the
3988:2014-01-06 at the
3977:2014-01-06 at the
3552:Patrick C (2005).
3522:. pp. 448–9.
3202:. pp. 48–52.
2997:10.1037/abn0000675
2483:difficult to treat
2396:Michael Fitzgerald
2381:executive function
1977:
1859:Gender differences
1799:encyclopedic style
1786:is written like a
1743:autonomic response
1710:
1669:Behavioral genetic
1602:facial expressions
1459:white collar crime
1288:small to moderate
1278:
1187:Signs and symptoms
1172:Antonio R. Damasio
812:The Mask of Sanity
378:Hervey M. Cleckley
372:immunity to stress
200:pathological lying
35:
15000:
14999:
14977:Traumatic bonding
14623:
14622:
14598:Notable theorists
14384:
14383:
14380:
14379:
14270:
14269:
14266:
14265:
14220:Operation Shocker
14022:
14021:
13902:K-1000 battleship
13733:Operation Neptune
13636:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13457:
13456:
13391:
13390:
13383:Yellow journalism
13331:counterpropaganda
13212:List of fallacies
13145:Conspiracy theory
13113:Alternative facts
12950:
12949:
12895:978-0-911907-21-6
12868:978-1-63388-532-5
12835:978-0-7704-3584-4
12810:978-1-57230-451-2
12784:978-0-374-70910-5
12747:978-0-631-23335-0
12713:978-0-06-114789-0
12564:Boddy CR (2011).
12294:978-1-4051-1869-9
12088:978-1-58562-466-9
12000:978-1-59385-476-8
11857:978-1-59385-591-8
11375:Rogers J (2006).
11324:978-0-275-98798-5
11313:Kantor M (2006).
11244:978-0-7923-4920-4
11129:978-0-631-23336-7
11122:. pp. 25–7.
11065:10.3390/bs6010005
10883:Missing or empty
10144:10.1111/ejn.12744
10138:(12): 3735–3745.
9974:978-0-521-60785-8
9788:Sophia W (2012).
9327:978-91-7549-910-9
9307:Sörman K (2015).
8906:(10): 2288–2304.
8651:Blair RJ (2003).
8230:(1503): 2557–65.
8087:DSM-5 Development
8065:978-0-89042-555-8
7781:Behavior Genetics
7658:978-0-7146-5262-7
7643:Horgan J (2005).
7629:978-0-470-97238-0
7522:978-0-7619-2192-9
6984:978-1-60623-985-8
6973:. New York City:
6936:978-0-470-01339-7
6578:SAGE Publications
6486:978-1-59385-591-8
6475:. New York City:
5879:978-1-4511-0047-1
5658:978-1-118-00186-8
5647:. New York City:
5614:978-1-59385-647-2
5603:. New York City:
5568:978-1-118-02924-4
5557:. New York City:
5522:978-0-7637-7790-6
5450:978-0-300-10180-5
5415:978-0-521-35942-9
5386:978-1-57230-864-0
5101:978-0-203-76355-1
5019:978-3-319-28099-8
4884:978-1-60021-033-4
4855:978-0-465-04620-1
4789:978-0-470-01898-9
4544:978-1-4833-6582-4
4535:SAGE Publications
4477:978-0-06-083772-3
4161:978-0-8058-6079-5
4150:Rutter S (2007).
4133:978-0-8058-1941-0
3825:978-1-57230-451-2
3810:. New York City:
3694:978-0-8261-9904-1
3683:. New York City:
3591:Psychiatric Times
3567:978-1-60623-804-2
3529:978-0-19-852783-1
3514:Semple D (2005).
3209:978-1-63388-532-5
3180:978-1-57230-451-2
2774:characterizations
2731:corporate culture
2611:Mental Health Act
2400:Asperger syndrome
2385:Anxiety disorders
2291:personality tests
2053:statistical power
1947:as measured with
1827:
1826:
1819:
1731:prefrontal cortex
1706:prefrontal cortex
1529:prefrontal cortex
1314:domestic violence
1035:conscientiousness
928:(PCL, PCL-R) and
635:The word element
542:pathological liar
456:and psychopathy.
368:superficial charm
326:
325:
210:, inclination to
196:superficial charm
104:Medical condition
47:28 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
15050:
15018:1840s neologisms
14839:Structural abuse
14814:Police brutality
14720:Disability abuse
14650:
14643:
14636:
14627:
14626:
14554:Machiavellianism
14534:Conduct disorder
14437:In the workplace
14411:
14404:
14397:
14388:
14387:
14276:
14275:
14095:MMR autism fraud
13978:On US elections
13912:Operation Toucan
13885:
13884:
13653:
13652:
13642:
13641:
13607:anti-vaccination
13555:
13554:
13502:Holocaust denial
13477:Bermuda Triangle
13463:
13462:
13397:
13396:
13326:black propaganda
13294:Potemkin village
13219:False accusation
13195:list of websites
13094:
13093:
13075:
13068:
13061:
13052:
13051:
13025:
12957:on Google Books.
12910:
12909:
12899:
12839:
12814:
12769:
12720:
12718:snakes in suits.
12702:. New York, NY:
12701:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12676:
12657:
12651:
12649:
12644:James O (2013),
12640:
12634:
12633:
12595:
12589:
12586:
12580:
12576:
12570:
12569:
12561:
12555:
12554:
12544:
12538:
12537:
12529:Psychology Today
12523:
12517:
12516:
12488:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12469:
12436:
12427:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12417:
12385:
12379:
12378:
12355:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12345:
12339:
12332:
12323:
12314:
12313:
12307:
12306:
12274:
12268:
12254:
12248:
12247:
12237:
12197:
12191:
12190:
12180:
12148:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12137:
12111:
12105:
12104:
12102:
12100:
12072:
12066:
12065:
12063:
12061:
12050:Psychology Today
12041:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12031:
12009:
12003:
11988:
11982:
11981:
11979:
11977:
11955:
11949:
11948:
11946:
11944:
11939:on 10 March 2016
11935:. Archived from
11925:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11914:
11868:
11862:
11861:
11839:
11830:
11829:
11827:
11825:
11805:
11799:
11798:
11754:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11735:
11729:
11682:
11673:
11667:
11666:
11656:
11638:
11614:
11608:
11607:
11579:
11573:
11572:
11566:
11540:
11534:
11533:
11523:
11494:Leno VC (2015).
11491:
11485:
11484:
11474:
11464:
11430:
11424:
11423:
11421:
11420:
11372:
11366:
11365:
11335:
11329:
11328:
11310:
11301:
11300:
11270:
11264:
11263:
11257:
11256:
11218:
11212:
11211:
11183:
11174:
11173:
11144:
11138:
11137:
11109:
11096:
11095:
11085:
11067:
11043:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11033:
11014:
11008:
11007:
11005:
11004:
10993:Cleveland Clinic
10985:
10979:
10978:
10968:
10949:10.1037/a0035152
10928:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10918:
10899:
10893:
10892:
10886:
10881:
10879:
10871:
10867:
10861:
10860:
10823:
10817:
10816:
10804:
10798:
10781:
10775:
10774:
10738:
10732:
10731:
10715:
10709:
10708:
10698:
10666:
10655:
10642:
10636:
10623:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10613:
10590:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10580:
10557:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10547:
10530:Hook GR (2009).
10527:
10521:
10520:
10510:
10478:
10472:
10471:
10451:
10445:
10444:
10434:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10383:
10343:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10299:(7): 1254–1296.
10282:
10276:
10275:
10229:
10223:
10222:
10212:
10172:
10166:
10165:
10155:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10083:
10077:
10076:
10066:
10032:
10026:
10025:
10007:
9985:
9979:
9978:
9956:
9950:
9949:
9943:
9935:
9899:
9893:
9892:
9882:
9850:
9844:
9843:
9815:
9806:
9805:
9785:
9779:
9768:
9762:
9751:
9745:
9744:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9673:
9667:
9666:
9656:
9624:
9618:
9617:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9552:
9546:
9532:
9526:
9525:
9492:(6): 1145–1177.
9479:
9473:
9472:
9462:
9452:
9426:
9420:
9419:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9337:on 15 April 2015
9336:
9330:. Archived from
9315:
9304:
9293:
9292:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9209:(8): 1281–1287.
9194:
9188:
9187:
9177:
9143:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9123:. Elsevier B.V.
9121:Elsevier Connect
9112:
9106:
9105:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9070:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9037:
9026:10.1037/a0027489
9009:
9000:
8994:
8993:
8983:
8949:
8940:
8939:
8893:
8884:
8883:
8873:
8841:
8835:
8834:
8796:
8790:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8701:
8695:
8692:
8683:
8682:
8672:
8648:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8593:
8587:Blair R (1995).
8584:
8578:
8577:
8567:
8550:(2–3): 107–128.
8535:
8526:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8505:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8430:(2nd ed.).
8423:
8417:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8406:
8378:Deviant Behavior
8375:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8324:
8315:
8304:
8303:
8293:
8267:
8258:
8257:
8247:
8218:Blair R (2008).
8215:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8182:
8173:
8172:
8166:
8158:
8148:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8099:
8084:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8041:
8035:
8032:
8026:
8025:
8015:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7944:
7935:
7934:
7924:
7882:
7876:
7875:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7771:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7672:
7663:
7662:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7568:
7562:
7561:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7508:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7471:10.1037/a0030391
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7275:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7173:
7163:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7113:. Archived from
7102:
7096:
7095:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7043:10.1037/a0020473
7036:
7010:
7004:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6892:10.1002/ab.20185
6869:
6863:
6862:
6828:
6819:
6818:
6808:
6772:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6674:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6632:
6623:
6610:
6609:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6502:
6491:
6490:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6446:Business Insider
6437:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6405:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6371:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6342:research.unt.edu
6333:
6324:
6323:
6313:
6289:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6256:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6200:
6191:
6177:
6168:
6161:
6152:
6151:
6113:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6065:
6055:
6023:
6017:
6016:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5966:Medicine and Law
5961:
5955:
5954:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5769:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5429:
5420:
5419:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5266:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5241:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5044:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5026:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4967:10.1037/a0027152
4946:
4940:
4937:
4926:
4925:
4920:. New York, NY:
4916:Hare RD (1993).
4913:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4831:
4825:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4728:Hare RD (2003).
4725:
4716:
4715:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4537:. p. 2744.
4526:
4517:
4516:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4273:
4267:
4254:
4248:
4235:
4229:
4216:
4207:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4182:. Archived from
4172:
4166:
4165:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4081:. Archived from
4071:
4065:
4064:
4054:
4025:Burgy M (2008).
4022:
4016:
4002:
3993:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3945:. Archived from
3935:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3912:. Archived from
3902:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3879:. Archived from
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3849:. Archived from
3839:
3830:
3829:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3674:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3549:
3534:
3533:
3511:
3500:
3499:
3449:
3344:
3343:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3200:Prometheus Books
3191:
3185:
3184:
3161:
3148:
3147:
3105:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3057:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3008:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2921:
2895:Moral psychology
2682:In the workplace
2548:criminal justice
2523:mood-stabilizing
2426:factor structure
2409:conduct problems
2377:conduct disorder
2246:mental disorders
2206:real-world usage
2073:startle response
2014:cingulate cortex
1949:skin conductance
1822:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1758:Childhood trauma
1733:, including the
1544:may also impair
1484:Conduct disorder
1478:Conduct disorder
1375:Sexual offending
1369:need for control
1208:Primary features
1202:conduct disorder
1079:Machiavellianism
901:
860:Walter C. Langer
785:
732:Ancient writings
561:
502:
501:
492:
491:
441:criminal justice
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
107:
106:
21:
15058:
15057:
15053:
15052:
15051:
15049:
15048:
15047:
15003:
15002:
15001:
14996:
14972:Rationalization
14907:Destabilisation
14860:
14824:Religious abuse
14659:
14654:
14624:
14619:
14593:
14559:Macdonald triad
14517:
14446:Characteristics
14441:
14420:
14415:
14385:
14376:
14281:
14262:
14241:
14229:
14114:
14110:Zinoviev letter
14060:
14034:
14018:
13942:Post-Soviet era
13936:
13897:Active Measures
13880:
13871:
13840:
13828:
13816:
13804:
13792:
13761:
13735:
13723:
13663:
13661:Jihadunspun.com
13647:
13628:
13553:
13529:New World Order
13497:Genocide denial
13468:
13453:
13402:
13387:
13309:Memetic warfare
13099:
13088:
13079:
13009:
12995:Wayback Machine
12951:
12946:
12945:
12922:
12921:
12907:
12902:
12896:
12843:Oakley, Barbara
12836:
12811:
12766:
12714:
12689:
12684:
12683:
12674:
12672:
12659:
12658:
12654:
12641:
12637:
12614:10.1002/bsl.925
12596:
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12587:
12583:
12577:
12573:
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12541:
12524:
12520:
12489:
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12473:
12471:
12467:
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12413:
12386:
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12356:
12352:
12343:
12341:
12337:
12330:
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12317:
12304:
12302:
12295:
12275:
12271:
12265:Wayback Machine
12255:
12251:
12212:(9): CD007667.
12198:
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11755:
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11727:
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11615:
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11576:
11541:
11537:
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11336:
11332:
11325:
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11304:
11271:
11267:
11254:
11252:
11245:
11219:
11215:
11184:
11177:
11145:
11141:
11130:
11120:Wiley-Blackwell
11110:
11099:
11044:
11040:
11031:
11029:
11016:
11015:
11011:
11002:
11000:
10987:
10986:
10982:
10929:
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10916:
10914:
10901:
10900:
10896:
10884:
10882:
10873:
10872:
10868:
10864:
10824:
10820:
10805:
10801:
10795:Wayback Machine
10782:
10778:
10739:
10735:
10716:
10712:
10667:
10658:
10652:Wayback Machine
10643:
10639:
10633:Wayback Machine
10624:
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10611:
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10592:
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10587:
10578:
10576:
10559:
10558:
10554:
10545:
10543:
10528:
10524:
10479:
10475:
10452:
10448:
10423:10.1038/nn.2510
10401:
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10340:
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10328:
10283:
10279:
10230:
10226:
10173:
10169:
10122:
10118:
10084:
10080:
10033:
10029:
10005:10.1.1.326.8003
9986:
9982:
9975:
9957:
9953:
9937:
9936:
9900:
9896:
9851:
9847:
9816:
9809:
9786:
9782:
9769:
9765:
9752:
9748:
9717:
9713:
9674:
9670:
9625:
9621:
9606:10.1002/bsl.802
9588:
9584:
9553:
9549:
9543:Wayback Machine
9533:
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9480:
9476:
9427:
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9058:
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8997:
8950:
8943:
8894:
8887:
8842:
8838:
8797:
8793:
8784:
8782:
8745:
8741:
8702:
8698:
8693:
8686:
8649:
8638:
8630:
8591:
8585:
8581:
8536:
8529:
8523:
8519:
8464:
8460:
8443:
8439:
8424:
8420:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8373:
8367:
8363:
8355:
8322:
8316:
8307:
8268:
8261:
8216:
8209:
8199:
8197:
8196:on July 8, 2013
8184:
8183:
8176:
8160:
8159:
8117:
8113:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8082:
8078:
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8073:
8066:
8042:
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8033:
8029:
7974:
7970:
7961:
7959:
7946:
7945:
7938:
7883:
7879:
7840:
7836:
7827:
7825:
7772:
7768:
7758:
7756:
7741:
7737:
7727:
7725:
7710:
7706:
7691:10.1002/bsl.924
7673:
7666:
7659:
7641:
7637:
7630:
7622:. p. 177.
7612:
7608:
7569:
7565:
7550:10.1002/bsl.918
7534:
7530:
7523:
7509:
7505:
7496:
7494:
7451:
7447:
7438:
7436:
7385:
7381:
7342:
7338:
7305:
7301:
7276:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7222:
7218:
7208:
7206:
7195:"Serial Murder"
7191:
7187:
7126:
7122:
7103:
7099:
7062:
7058:
7034:10.1.1.404.4396
7011:
7007:
6994:
6992:
6985:
6963:
6959:
6946:
6944:
6937:
6911:
6907:
6870:
6866:
6829:
6822:
6773:
6766:
6756:
6754:
6705:
6701:
6692:
6690:
6675:
6671:
6663:
6630:
6624:
6613:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6503:
6494:
6487:
6469:
6465:
6456:
6454:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6422:
6420:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6390:
6388:
6380:The Independent
6373:
6372:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6334:
6327:
6290:
6283:
6273:
6271:
6264:Psychopath Test
6258:
6257:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6223:10.2307/3478417
6201:
6194:
6188:Wayback Machine
6178:
6171:
6162:
6155:
6114:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6083:
6079:
6024:
6020:
5989:
5985:
5962:
5958:
5919:
5915:
5891:
5887:
5880:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5824:
5815:
5813:
5770:
5766:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5736:
5697:
5693:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5641:
5637:
5624:
5622:
5615:
5607:. p. 100.
5595:
5591:
5578:
5576:
5569:
5561:. p. 154.
5549:
5545:
5532:
5530:
5523:
5503:
5499:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5408:. p. 390.
5398:
5394:
5387:
5369:
5365:
5328:
5324:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5264:
5258:
5254:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5191:
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5150:
5146:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5078:
5074:
5042:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5022:
5020:
4994:
4990:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4929:
4914:
4907:
4894:
4892:
4885:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4832:
4828:
4822:Wayback Machine
4813:
4809:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4782:. p. 117.
4772:
4768:
4759:
4757:
4749:The Independent
4742:
4741:
4737:
4726:
4719:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4644:
4640:
4607:
4603:
4564:
4560:
4545:
4527:
4520:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4466:Hare R (2006).
4464:
4460:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4408:
4404:
4392:
4386:
4382:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4317:
4315:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4292:
4274:
4270:
4264:Wayback Machine
4255:
4251:
4245:Wayback Machine
4236:
4232:
4226:Wayback Machine
4217:
4210:
4204:Wayback Machine
4195:
4191:
4174:
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4162:
4148:
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4134:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4023:
4019:
4013:Wayback Machine
4003:
3996:
3990:Wayback Machine
3979:Wayback Machine
3969:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3871:
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3866:
3856:
3854:
3841:
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3833:
3826:
3799:
3795:
3758:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3704:
3702:
3695:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3611:
3607:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3550:
3537:
3530:
3512:
3503:
3468:SAGE Publishing
3450:
3347:
3307:
3303:
3260:
3256:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3162:
3151:
3106:
3089:
3034:
3030:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2886:
2832:, the deranged
2794:Roman mythology
2766:
2760:
2725:, reduction in
2690:
2684:
2679:
2671:Bond University
2662:
2645:
2628:
2623:
2572:
2557:The interrater
2544:
2471:
2466:
2421:
2419:Sex differences
2315:
2287:
2242:
2229:
2220:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2136:metabolite) to
2083:High levels of
2081:
1965:
1933:
1927:
1922:
1880:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1795:help improve it
1792:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1719:
1694:
1678:
1666:
1643:
1590:
1525:
1520:
1486:
1480:
1467:
1427:organized crime
1423:
1417:
1415:Other offending
1385:child molesters
1377:
1337:risk assessment
1299:
1266:
1261:
1248:
1219:
1210:
1189:
1170:neuroscientist
1104:
1031:
995:
987:adaptive traits
983:impulse control
943:self-confidence
911:Hervey Cleckley
903:
895:
886:
881:
822:David Henderson
807:Hervey Cleckley
803:
749:around 300 BC.
729:
691:Snakes in Suits
633:
537:mental disorder
532:psychopathology
511:, and the noun
473:
468:
462:
161:
125:
121:
105:
100:
93:
79:
68:Psychopathology
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15056:
15046:
15045:
15040:
15035:
15030:
15025:
15020:
15015:
14998:
14997:
14995:
14994:
14989:
14984:
14982:Victim blaming
14979:
14974:
14969:
14964:
14959:
14954:
14949:
14944:
14939:
14934:
14929:
14924:
14919:
14914:
14912:Discrimination
14909:
14904:
14899:
14897:Dehumanization
14894:
14889:
14887:Child grooming
14884:
14879:
14877:Abuse of power
14874:
14868:
14866:
14865:Related topics
14862:
14861:
14859:
14858:
14851:
14846:
14841:
14836:
14831:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14811:
14806:
14804:Physical abuse
14801:
14796:
14791:
14786:
14781:
14776:
14771:
14766:
14761:
14756:
14751:
14750:
14749:
14744:
14734:
14732:Domestic abuse
14729:
14728:
14727:
14725:military draft
14717:
14712:
14711:
14710:
14705:
14700:
14695:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14669:
14667:
14661:
14660:
14653:
14652:
14645:
14638:
14630:
14621:
14620:
14618:
14617:
14615:Robert D. Hare
14612:
14607:
14601:
14599:
14595:
14594:
14592:
14591:
14586:
14581:
14576:
14571:
14566:
14561:
14556:
14551:
14546:
14541:
14536:
14531:
14525:
14523:
14522:Related topics
14519:
14518:
14516:
14515:
14510:
14508:Shallow affect
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14449:
14447:
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14439:
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14428:
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14422:
14421:
14414:
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14406:
14399:
14391:
14382:
14381:
14378:
14377:
14375:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
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14299:
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14286:
14283:
14282:
14272:
14271:
14268:
14267:
14264:
14263:
14261:
14260:
14255:
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14243:
14242:
14237:
14235:
14231:
14230:
14228:
14227:
14222:
14217:
14212:
14207:
14202:
14197:
14192:
14190:Habbush letter
14187:
14182:
14177:
14176:
14175:
14165:
14160:
14159:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14133:
14128:
14122:
14120:
14116:
14115:
14113:
14112:
14107:
14102:
14097:
14089:
14084:
14079:
14074:
14072:Bell Pottinger
14068:
14066:
14065:United Kingdom
14062:
14061:
14059:
14058:
14053:
14048:
14042:
14040:
14036:
14035:
14030:
14028:
14024:
14023:
14020:
14019:
14017:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13995:
13994:
13989:
13984:
13976:
13975:
13974:
13964:
13963:
13962:
13957:
13946:
13944:
13938:
13937:
13935:
13934:
13929:
13924:
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13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13893:
13891:
13882:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13848:
13846:
13842:
13841:
13836:
13834:
13830:
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13822:
13818:
13817:
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13810:
13806:
13805:
13800:
13798:
13794:
13793:
13791:
13790:
13785:
13780:
13775:
13769:
13767:
13763:
13762:
13760:
13759:
13754:
13749:
13743:
13741:
13737:
13736:
13731:
13729:
13728:Czechoslovakia
13725:
13724:
13722:
13721:
13714:
13709:
13708:
13707:
13702:
13700:PLA Unit 61398
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13671:
13669:
13665:
13664:
13659:
13657:
13649:
13648:
13638:
13637:
13634:
13633:
13630:
13629:
13627:
13626:
13621:
13620:
13619:
13614:
13609:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13578:
13577:
13575:by governments
13567:
13561:
13559:
13552:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13505:
13504:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13473:
13470:
13469:
13459:
13458:
13455:
13454:
13452:
13451:
13444:
13437:
13430:
13423:
13416:
13412:Disinformation
13407:
13404:
13403:
13393:
13392:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13385:
13380:
13375:
13370:
13365:
13360:
13355:
13350:
13345:
13340:
13339:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13318:
13317:
13316:
13311:
13301:
13296:
13291:
13286:
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13266:
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13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
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13226:
13221:
13216:
13215:
13214:
13204:
13203:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13142:
13141:
13140:
13133:Cognitive bias
13130:
13125:
13123:Cherry picking
13120:
13115:
13110:
13104:
13101:
13100:
13090:
13089:
13086:misinformation
13082:Disinformation
13078:
13077:
13070:
13063:
13055:
13049:
13048:
13039:
13038:, October 2012
13026:
13007:
12998:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12964:
12958:
12948:
12947:
12944:
12943:
12931:
12930:
12928:
12924:
12923:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12913:Classification
12906:
12905:External links
12903:
12901:
12900:
12894:
12881:
12874:
12871:
12860:
12840:
12834:
12818:
12815:
12809:
12801:Guilford Press
12787:
12770:
12764:
12749:
12735:
12733:978-1904684718
12721:
12712:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12682:
12681:
12652:
12635:
12590:
12581:
12571:
12556:
12539:
12518:
12480:
12422:
12380:
12369:(5): 592–603.
12350:
12315:
12293:
12269:
12249:
12192:
12163:(5): 391–402.
12143:
12106:
12087:
12067:
12036:
12004:
11983:
11965:The New Yorker
11950:
11920:
11889:(2): 153–160.
11863:
11856:
11848:Guilford Press
11831:
11800:
11765:(3): 155–174.
11740:
11685:Der Nervenarzt
11668:
11609:
11590:(7): 656–664.
11574:
11535:
11486:
11425:
11367:
11330:
11323:
11302:
11265:
11243:
11213:
11175:
11139:
11128:
11097:
11038:
11009:
10980:
10943:(2): 350–362.
10923:
10894:
10862:
10818:
10799:
10776:
10733:
10710:
10681:(4): 355–397.
10656:
10637:
10618:
10602:NZ Herald News
10585:
10552:
10522:
10473:
10446:
10395:
10358:(6): 752–761.
10338:
10277:
10242:(2): 216–222.
10224:
10187:(6): 329–337.
10167:
10116:
10078:
10049:(3): 612–620.
10027:
9980:
9973:
9951:
9910:(4): 1151–71.
9894:
9845:
9807:
9780:
9763:
9746:
9727:(10): 856–65.
9711:
9668:
9619:
9582:
9563:(5): 599–606.
9547:
9527:
9474:
9421:
9378:
9348:
9326:
9320:. p. 29.
9294:
9255:
9189:
9138:
9107:
9092:
9081:(5): 371–380.
9056:
8995:
8941:
8885:
8836:
8791:
8761:(4): 682–686.
8739:
8712:(6): 499–511.
8696:
8684:
8636:
8579:
8527:
8517:
8480:(9): 986–994.
8458:
8437:
8432:Guilford Press
8418:
8384:(5): 619–627.
8361:
8305:
8259:
8207:
8174:
8131:(3): 276–284.
8111:
8071:
8064:
8036:
8027:
7968:
7954:. 2017-01-21.
7936:
7899:(9): 903–910.
7877:
7834:
7788:(5): 607–621.
7766:
7735:
7704:
7685:(2): 194–210.
7664:
7657:
7651:. p. 49.
7635:
7628:
7606:
7579:(2): 141–144.
7563:
7544:(1): 106–119.
7528:
7521:
7503:
7465:(1): 233–243.
7445:
7379:
7336:
7299:
7267:
7236:(1): 109–118.
7216:
7185:
7120:
7097:
7076:Pergamon Press
7056:
7005:
6983:
6975:Guilford Press
6957:
6935:
6905:
6864:
6820:
6764:
6699:
6669:
6611:
6554:
6492:
6485:
6477:Guilford Press
6463:
6429:
6397:
6383:. 2016-09-13.
6363:
6325:
6304:(2): 159–164.
6281:
6248:
6192:
6169:
6153:
6103:
6077:
6018:
5999:(3): 297–311.
5983:
5956:
5913:
5902:(4): 408–429.
5885:
5878:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5832:
5822:
5764:
5754:
5744:
5734:
5707:(11): 2201–9.
5691:
5680:(7): 734–739.
5664:
5657:
5649:Guilford Press
5635:
5613:
5605:Guilford Press
5589:
5567:
5543:
5521:
5515:. p. 99.
5497:
5456:
5449:
5421:
5414:
5392:
5385:
5377:Guilford Press
5363:
5322:
5252:
5185:
5144:
5107:
5100:
5072:
5053:(4): 298–303.
5030:
5018:
4988:
4941:
4927:
4922:Guilford Press
4905:
4883:
4861:
4854:
4826:
4807:
4795:
4788:
4766:
4752:. 2018-02-12.
4735:
4717:
4714:on 2012-02-11.
4689:
4638:
4601:
4574:(37): 111–26.
4558:
4543:
4518:
4483:
4476:
4458:
4441:
4422:(3): 229–239.
4402:
4380:
4341:
4324:
4313:Psychopathy Is
4300:
4268:
4249:
4230:
4208:
4189:
4180:etymonline.com
4167:
4160:
4139:
4132:
4114:
4088:
4079:etymonline.com
4066:
4037:(6): 1200–10.
4017:
3994:
3960:
3939:"Pathological"
3927:
3894:
3873:"Psychopathic"
3864:
3831:
3824:
3812:Guilford Press
3793:
3749:
3716:
3693:
3664:
3605:
3573:
3566:
3558:Guilford Press
3535:
3528:
3501:
3345:
3301:
3274:(5): 675–697.
3254:
3235:(5): 634–646.
3215:
3208:
3186:
3179:
3149:
3087:
3028:
2991:(5): 550–561.
2971:
2940:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2762:Main article:
2759:
2756:
2719:staff turnover
2699:Robert Maxwell
2686:Main article:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2661:
2658:
2644:
2641:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2576:United Kingdom
2571:
2570:United Kingdom
2568:
2543:
2540:
2519:antidepressant
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2420:
2417:
2314:
2311:
2286:
2283:
2258:(WHO) and the
2241:
2238:
2228:
2225:
2216:Main article:
2213:
2210:
2194:Robert D. Hare
2182:Main article:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2109:serotoninergic
2080:
2077:
1964:
1961:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Other theories
1865:
1855:physical abuse
1825:
1824:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1718:
1715:
1693:
1690:
1677:
1674:
1665:
1662:
1642:
1641:Moral judgment
1639:
1589:
1586:
1582:selection bias
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1482:Main article:
1479:
1476:
1466:
1463:
1431:economic crime
1416:
1413:
1376:
1373:
1353:serial killers
1298:
1295:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1188:
1185:
1103:
1100:
1095:Delroy Paulhus
1064:psychoanalytic
1030:
1027:
994:
991:
975:
974:
966:
954:
898:Robert D. Hare
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
855:, non-medical
802:
799:
762:moral insanity
728:
725:
632:
629:
589:hallucinations
566:from the U.S.
472:
469:
464:Main article:
461:
458:
422:Robert D. Hare
380:, an American
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
254:
248:
247:
244:Family history
241:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
189:
183:
182:
169:
163:
162:
160:
159:
118:
116:
112:
111:
103:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15055:
15044:
15041:
15039:
15036:
15034:
15031:
15029:
15026:
15024:
15021:
15019:
15016:
15014:
15011:
15010:
15008:
14993:
14990:
14988:
14987:Victimisation
14985:
14983:
14980:
14978:
14975:
14973:
14970:
14968:
14965:
14963:
14960:
14958:
14955:
14953:
14950:
14948:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14928:
14925:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14863:
14857:
14856:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14842:
14840:
14837:
14835:
14832:
14830:
14827:
14825:
14822:
14820:
14817:
14815:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14780:
14777:
14775:
14772:
14770:
14767:
14765:
14762:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14739:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14726:
14723:
14722:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14690:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14670:
14668:
14666:
14662:
14658:
14651:
14646:
14644:
14639:
14637:
14632:
14631:
14628:
14616:
14613:
14611:
14608:
14606:
14603:
14602:
14600:
14596:
14590:
14587:
14585:
14582:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14526:
14524:
14520:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14488:Lack of guilt
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14450:
14448:
14444:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14429:
14427:
14423:
14419:
14412:
14407:
14405:
14400:
14398:
14393:
14392:
14389:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14332:FactCheck.org
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14296:
14293:
14292:
14291:
14290:Fact-checking
14288:
14287:
14284:
14277:
14273:
14259:
14256:
14254:
14251:
14250:
14248:
14244:
14240:
14236:
14232:
14226:
14223:
14221:
14218:
14216:
14213:
14211:
14208:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14174:
14171:
14170:
14169:
14166:
14164:
14161:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14139:
14138:
14137:
14134:
14132:
14129:
14127:
14124:
14123:
14121:
14119:United States
14117:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14094:
14090:
14088:
14085:
14083:
14080:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14070:
14069:
14067:
14063:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14044:
14043:
14041:
14037:
14033:
14029:
14025:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13979:
13977:
13973:
13970:
13969:
13968:
13965:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13952:
13951:
13948:
13947:
13945:
13943:
13939:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13894:
13892:
13890:
13886:
13883:
13878:
13874:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13857:
13853:
13850:
13849:
13847:
13843:
13839:
13835:
13831:
13827:
13823:
13819:
13815:
13811:
13807:
13803:
13799:
13795:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13779:
13776:
13774:
13771:
13770:
13768:
13764:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13750:
13748:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13738:
13734:
13730:
13726:
13720:
13719:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13680:50 Cent Party
13678:
13677:
13676:
13673:
13672:
13670:
13666:
13662:
13658:
13654:
13650:
13643:
13639:
13625:
13622:
13618:
13615:
13613:
13610:
13608:
13605:
13604:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13576:
13573:
13572:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13562:
13560:
13556:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13503:
13500:
13499:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13474:
13471:
13464:
13460:
13450:
13449:
13445:
13443:
13442:
13438:
13436:
13435:
13431:
13429:
13428:
13424:
13422:
13421:
13417:
13415:
13413:
13409:
13408:
13405:
13398:
13394:
13384:
13381:
13379:
13376:
13374:
13371:
13369:
13366:
13364:
13361:
13359:
13356:
13354:
13351:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13323:
13322:
13319:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13306:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13284:Media culture
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13224:False dilemma
13222:
13220:
13217:
13213:
13210:
13209:
13208:
13205:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13187:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13150:
13146:
13143:
13139:
13136:
13135:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13105:
13102:
13095:
13091:
13087:
13083:
13076:
13071:
13069:
13064:
13062:
13057:
13056:
13053:
13047:
13043:
13040:
13037:
13036:
13032:
13031:
13027:
13024:
13020:
13016:
13012:
13008:
13005:
13002:
12999:
12996:
12992:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12968:
12965:
12962:
12959:
12956:
12953:
12952:
12942:
12938:
12937:
12933:
12932:
12929:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12911:
12897:
12891:
12887:
12882:
12879:
12875:
12872:
12869:
12865:
12861:
12858:
12857:1-59102-665-2
12854:
12850:
12849:
12844:
12841:
12837:
12831:
12827:
12823:
12819:
12816:
12812:
12806:
12802:
12798:
12797:
12792:
12788:
12785:
12781:
12778:
12774:
12771:
12767:
12765:0-9621519-0-4
12761:
12757:
12756:
12750:
12748:
12744:
12740:
12736:
12734:
12730:
12726:
12722:
12719:
12715:
12709:
12705:
12704:HarperCollins
12700:
12699:
12692:
12691:
12670:
12666:
12662:
12656:
12647:
12639:
12631:
12627:
12623:
12619:
12615:
12611:
12608:(2): 174–93.
12607:
12603:
12602:
12594:
12585:
12575:
12567:
12560:
12552:
12551:
12543:
12535:
12531:
12530:
12522:
12514:
12510:
12506:
12502:
12498:
12494:
12487:
12485:
12466:
12462:
12458:
12454:
12450:
12446:
12442:
12441:
12433:
12426:
12411:
12407:
12403:
12399:
12395:
12391:
12384:
12376:
12372:
12368:
12364:
12360:
12354:
12340:on 2012-11-05
12336:
12329:
12322:
12320:
12311:
12300:
12296:
12290:
12286:
12282:
12281:
12273:
12266:
12262:
12259:
12253:
12245:
12241:
12236:
12231:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12215:
12211:
12207:
12203:
12196:
12188:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12170:
12166:
12162:
12158:
12157:CNS Spectrums
12154:
12147:
12131:
12127:
12123:
12122:
12117:
12110:
12094:
12090:
12084:
12080:
12079:
12071:
12055:
12051:
12047:
12040:
12025:
12021:
12020:
12015:
12008:
12001:
11997:
11993:
11987:
11971:
11967:
11966:
11961:
11954:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11924:
11908:
11904:
11900:
11896:
11892:
11888:
11884:
11883:
11878:
11874:
11867:
11859:
11853:
11849:
11845:
11838:
11836:
11819:
11815:
11811:
11804:
11796:
11792:
11788:
11784:
11780:
11776:
11772:
11768:
11764:
11760:
11753:
11751:
11749:
11747:
11745:
11726:
11722:
11718:
11714:
11710:
11706:
11702:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11686:
11679:
11672:
11664:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11646:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11628:
11624:
11620:
11613:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11589:
11585:
11578:
11571:
11565:
11560:
11556:
11552:
11551:
11546:
11539:
11531:
11527:
11522:
11517:
11513:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11497:
11490:
11482:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11442:
11441:
11436:
11429:
11414:
11410:
11406:
11402:
11398:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11371:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11347:
11343:
11342:
11334:
11326:
11320:
11316:
11309:
11307:
11298:
11294:
11290:
11286:
11282:
11278:
11277:
11269:
11261:
11250:
11246:
11240:
11236:
11232:
11228:
11224:
11217:
11209:
11205:
11201:
11197:
11194:(3): 233–48.
11193:
11189:
11182:
11180:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11152:(in French).
11151:
11143:
11135:
11131:
11125:
11121:
11117:
11116:
11108:
11106:
11104:
11102:
11093:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11075:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11057:
11053:
11049:
11042:
11027:
11023:
11019:
11013:
10998:
10994:
10990:
10984:
10976:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10958:
10954:
10950:
10946:
10942:
10938:
10934:
10927:
10912:
10908:
10904:
10898:
10890:
10877:
10866:
10858:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10835:(2): 253–60.
10834:
10830:
10822:
10814:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10792:
10789:
10785:
10780:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10756:
10752:
10749:(2): 133–48.
10748:
10744:
10737:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10714:
10706:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10688:
10684:
10680:
10676:
10672:
10665:
10663:
10661:
10653:
10649:
10646:
10641:
10634:
10630:
10627:
10622:
10607:
10603:
10599:
10595:
10589:
10574:
10570:
10566:
10562:
10556:
10542:on 2014-09-07
10541:
10537:
10533:
10526:
10518:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10500:
10496:
10492:
10488:
10484:
10477:
10469:
10465:
10461:
10457:
10450:
10442:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10424:
10420:
10417:(4): 419–21.
10416:
10412:
10411:
10406:
10399:
10391:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10373:
10369:
10365:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10342:
10326:
10322:
10318:
10314:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10293:
10288:
10281:
10273:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10236:
10228:
10220:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10202:
10198:
10194:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10171:
10163:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10133:
10132:
10127:
10120:
10112:
10108:
10104:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10091:
10082:
10074:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10043:
10038:
10031:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9998:(1): 149–82.
9997:
9993:
9992:
9984:
9976:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9955:
9947:
9941:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9898:
9890:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9865:(3): 735–70.
9864:
9860:
9856:
9849:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9821:
9814:
9812:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9794:PURE Insights
9791:
9784:
9777:
9773:
9767:
9760:
9756:
9750:
9742:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9715:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9683:
9679:
9672:
9664:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9646:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9623:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9594:
9586:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9551:
9544:
9540:
9537:
9531:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9486:
9478:
9470:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9437:
9432:
9425:
9417:
9413:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9394:(4): 359–66.
9393:
9389:
9382:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9352:
9333:
9329:
9323:
9319:
9316:. Stockholm:
9312:
9311:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9259:
9244:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9224:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9193:
9185:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9167:
9163:
9160:(3): 253–62.
9159:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9142:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9111:
9103:
9096:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9069:
9067:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9020:(3): 659–67.
9019:
9015:
9014:
9006:
8999:
8991:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8966:(6): 708–14.
8965:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8948:
8946:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8900:
8892:
8890:
8881:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8840:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8809:(2): 201–11.
8808:
8804:
8803:
8795:
8780:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8743:
8735:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8700:
8691:
8689:
8680:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8647:
8645:
8643:
8641:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8575:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8557:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8534:
8532:
8521:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8474:
8469:
8462:
8454:
8450:
8449:
8441:
8433:
8429:
8422:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8365:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8335:(1): 217–46.
8334:
8330:
8329:
8321:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8273:
8266:
8264:
8255:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8221:
8214:
8212:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8170:
8164:
8156:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8115:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8081:
8075:
8067:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8040:
8031:
8023:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7979:
7972:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7943:
7941:
7932:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7881:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7838:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7777:
7770:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7739:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7708:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7679:
7671:
7669:
7660:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7639:
7631:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7610:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7573:CNS Spectrums
7567:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7532:
7524:
7518:
7514:
7507:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7449:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7352:(5): 459–70.
7351:
7347:
7340:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7317:(2): 198–22.
7316:
7312:
7311:
7303:
7295:
7291:
7288:(1): 109–18.
7287:
7283:
7282:
7274:
7272:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7189:
7181:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7124:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7101:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7060:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6990:
6986:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6961:
6953:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6909:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6827:
6825:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6771:
6769:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6703:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6673:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6629:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6565:
6558:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6488:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6467:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6332:
6330:
6321:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6288:
6286:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6253:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6217:(5): 766–80.
6216:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6199:
6197:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6092:
6088:
6081:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6022:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5975:
5972:(2): 449–62.
5971:
5967:
5960:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5929:(2): 133–48.
5928:
5924:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5889:
5881:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5855:
5846:
5836:
5826:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5758:
5748:
5738:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5695:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5417:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5388:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5263:
5256:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5125:(2): 387–97.
5124:
5120:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5076:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5021:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4910:
4901:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4830:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4660:(6958): 826.
4659:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4523:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4451:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4334:
4328:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4062:
4058:
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4007:
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3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3949:on 2012-08-23
3948:
3944:
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3934:
3932:
3916:on 2013-09-20
3915:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3883:on 2012-08-23
3882:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3853:on 2012-01-13
3852:
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3844:
3843:"Psychopathy"
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2900:Serial rapist
2898:
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2552:North America
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2358:schizophrenia
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2209:
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2195:
2192:, created by
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2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:reward system
1950:
1946:
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1938:
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1925:Psychological
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:mutation load
1905:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:Disinhibition
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1821:
1818:
1810:
1807:November 2021
1800:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1784:This article
1782:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1753:
1752:limbic system
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:head injuries
1714:
1707:
1703:
1698:
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1627:
1623:
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1611:
1607:
1606:body gestures
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1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1518:Mental traits
1515:
1512:
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1503:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1412:
1409:
1408:sex offenders
1404:
1402:
1401:meta-analysis
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
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1345:
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1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:meta-analyses
1282:
1275:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1203:
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1195:
1184:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:schizophrenia
1118:
1111:
1110:has written:
1109:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Otto Kernberg
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:socialization
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
984:
980:
972:
971:
967:
964:
960:
959:
958:Disinhibition
955:
952:
948:
947:assertiveness
944:
940:
939:
935:
934:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
912:
908:
902:
900:, 1993, p. xi
899:
892:
876:
873:
872:Glenn Walters
869:
865:
861:
858:
857:psychoanalyst
854:
850:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
818:
814:
813:
808:
798:
796:
795:homosexuality
792:
787:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
737:
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721:
717:
713:
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701:
697:
693:
692:
687:
682:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:Karl Birnbaum
642:
638:
628:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
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605:
600:
598:
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586:
582:
581:
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569:
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560:
555:
551:
546:
544:
543:
538:
534:
533:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:psychopatisch
506:
496:
493:) "soul" and
486:
482:
478:
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
442:
438:
437:psychological
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:disinhibition
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
321:
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:psychotherapy
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
273:schizophrenia
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
168:
164:
155:
120:
119:
117:
115:Pronunciation
113:
108:
102:
98:
91:
87:
85:
77:
73:
69:
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48:
44:
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33:
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14966:
14942:Minimisation
14937:Manipulation
14917:Exaggeration
14853:
14849:Verbal abuse
14829:Sexual abuse
14809:Social abuse
14779:Intimidation
14493:Manipulative
14473:Disinhibited
14417:
14092:
14027:South Africa
14014:Web brigades
13950:Cyberwarfare
13932:Useful idiot
13881:Soviet Union
13826:Fintas Group
13718:Global Times
13716:
13685:cyberwarfare
13446:
13439:
13432:
13425:
13419:
13411:
13378:Whataboutism
13373:Urban legend
13343:Quote mining
13046:The Atlantic
13045:
13033:
13029:
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13003:
12934:
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12877:
12847:
12825:
12799:. New York:
12795:
12776:
12754:
12738:
12724:
12717:
12697:
12687:Bibliography
12673:. Retrieved
12664:
12655:
12648:, p. 21
12645:
12638:
12605:
12599:
12593:
12584:
12574:
12565:
12559:
12548:
12542:
12533:
12527:
12521:
12499:(1): 17–32.
12496:
12492:
12472:. Retrieved
12447:(2): 65–73.
12444:
12438:
12425:
12414:. Retrieved
12397:
12393:
12383:
12366:
12362:
12359:Polaschek DL
12353:
12342:. Retrieved
12335:the original
12310:Google Books
12308:– via
12303:. Retrieved
12279:
12272:
12252:
12209:
12205:
12195:
12160:
12156:
12146:
12134:. Retrieved
12119:
12109:
12097:. Retrieved
12077:
12070:
12058:. Retrieved
12049:
12039:
12028:. Retrieved
12017:
12007:
11991:
11986:
11974:. Retrieved
11963:
11953:
11941:. Retrieved
11937:the original
11932:
11923:
11911:. Retrieved
11886:
11880:
11866:
11846:. New York:
11843:
11822:. Retrieved
11813:
11803:
11762:
11758:
11732:. Retrieved
11688:
11684:
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11626:
11622:
11612:
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11557:(1): 37–43.
11554:
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11417:. Retrieved
11384:
11380:
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11339:
11333:
11314:
11283:(4): 430–9.
11280:
11274:
11268:
11260:Google Books
11258:– via
11253:. Retrieved
11226:
11216:
11191:
11187:
11156:(3): 253–9.
11153:
11149:
11142:
11114:
11055:
11051:
11041:
11030:. Retrieved
11021:
11012:
11001:. Retrieved
10992:
10983:
10940:
10936:
10926:
10915:. Retrieved
10906:
10897:
10885:|title=
10865:
10832:
10828:
10821:
10812:
10802:
10779:
10746:
10742:
10736:
10723:
10713:
10678:
10674:
10640:
10621:
10610:. Retrieved
10597:
10588:
10577:. Retrieved
10573:the original
10564:
10555:
10544:. Retrieved
10540:the original
10535:
10525:
10493:(3): 382–6.
10490:
10486:
10476:
10462:(2): 23–31.
10459:
10455:
10449:
10414:
10408:
10398:
10355:
10351:
10341:
10329:. Retrieved
10296:
10290:
10280:
10239:
10233:
10227:
10184:
10180:
10170:
10135:
10129:
10119:
10094:
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10081:
10046:
10040:
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9989:
9983:
9963:. New York:
9960:
9954:
9940:cite journal
9907:
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9858:
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9440:
9434:
9424:
9391:
9387:
9381:
9370:. Retrieved
9361:
9351:
9339:. Retrieved
9332:the original
9309:
9272:
9268:
9258:
9247:. Retrieved
9206:
9202:
9192:
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9151:
9141:
9129:. Retrieved
9120:
9110:
9101:
9095:
9078:
9074:
9017:
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8963:
8957:
8903:
8897:
8856:(1): 36–49.
8853:
8849:
8839:
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8783:. Retrieved
8758:
8752:
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8709:
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8660:
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8582:
8547:
8543:
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8440:
8427:
8421:
8409:. Retrieved
8381:
8377:
8364:
8332:
8326:
8281:
8275:
8227:
8223:
8198:. Retrieved
8194:the original
8189:
8163:cite journal
8128:
8124:
8114:
8102:. Retrieved
8086:
8074:
8046:
8039:
8030:
7990:(1): 55–63.
7987:
7981:
7971:
7960:. Retrieved
7951:
7896:
7890:
7880:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7826:. Retrieved
7785:
7779:
7769:
7757:. Retrieved
7748:
7738:
7726:. Retrieved
7717:
7707:
7682:
7676:
7644:
7638:
7615:
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7576:
7572:
7566:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7512:
7506:
7495:. Retrieved
7462:
7458:
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7437:. Retrieved
7396:
7392:
7382:
7349:
7345:
7339:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7285:
7279:
7260:December 30,
7258:. Retrieved
7233:
7229:
7219:
7207:. Retrieved
7188:
7139:
7133:
7123:
7115:the original
7110:
7100:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7020:
7014:
7008:
7000:Google Books
6998:– via
6993:. Retrieved
6970:
6960:
6952:Google Books
6950:– via
6945:. Retrieved
6918:
6908:
6879:
6873:
6867:
6838:
6832:
6784:
6780:
6755:. Retrieved
6718:
6712:
6702:
6691:. Retrieved
6682:
6672:
6643:(5): 893–9.
6640:
6634:
6573:
6567:
6557:
6545:. Retrieved
6516:
6510:
6472:
6466:
6455:. Retrieved
6444:
6421:. Retrieved
6413:ScienceDaily
6412:
6389:. Retrieved
6378:
6354:. Retrieved
6341:
6336:Neumann CS.
6301:
6297:
6272:. Retrieved
6263:
6239:. Retrieved
6214:
6208:
6164:
6123:
6117:
6094:. Retrieved
6090:
6080:
6035:
6031:
6021:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5899:
5895:
5888:
5869:
5863:
5854:
5845:
5835:
5825:
5814:. Retrieved
5784:(1): 28–41.
5781:
5777:
5767:
5757:
5747:
5737:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5644:
5638:
5630:Google Books
5628:– via
5623:. Retrieved
5599:
5592:
5584:Google Books
5582:– via
5577:. Retrieved
5553:
5546:
5538:Google Books
5536:– via
5531:. Retrieved
5507:
5500:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5436:
5401:
5395:
5375:. New York:
5372:
5366:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5314:. Retrieved
5274:
5268:
5255:
5244:. Retrieved
5204:
5198:
5188:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5082:
5075:
5050:
5046:
5033:
5023:, retrieved
5001:
4991:
4961:(1): 87–88.
4958:
4954:
4944:
4917:
4900:Google Books
4898:– via
4893:. Retrieved
4874:
4864:
4840:. New York:
4836:
4829:
4810:
4798:
4775:
4769:
4758:. Retrieved
4747:
4738:
4729:
4712:the original
4701:
4692:
4657:
4651:
4641:
4619:(1): 14–30.
4616:
4610:
4604:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4530:
4499:(1): 27–38.
4496:
4492:
4486:
4467:
4461:
4444:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4396:
4383:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4327:
4316:. Retrieved
4312:
4303:
4293:, retrieved
4281:
4271:
4252:
4233:
4192:
4184:the original
4179:
4170:
4151:
4123:
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4091:
4083:the original
4078:
4069:
4034:
4030:
4020:
3970:Medlineplus
3951:. Retrieved
3947:the original
3942:
3918:. Retrieved
3914:the original
3909:
3906:"Psychopath"
3885:. Retrieved
3881:the original
3876:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:the original
3846:
3806:
3796:
3767:
3761:
3742:September 4,
3740:. Retrieved
3731:
3711:Google Books
3709:– via
3703:. Retrieved
3679:
3656:. Retrieved
3634:(3): 391–8.
3631:
3625:
3619:
3608:
3595:
3589:
3576:
3553:
3515:
3463:
3457:
3319:
3313:
3310:Partridge GE
3304:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3195:
3189:
3169:
3115:
3109:
3045:
3041:
3031:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2953:
2943:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:
2919:
2806:
2767:
2750:
2748:
2744:dark triadic
2740:Oliver James
2727:productivity
2703:
2695:
2691:
2667:
2663:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2592:
2584:
2573:
2564:
2556:
2545:
2536:pharmacology
2512:
2508:
2490:
2472:
2458:
2430:
2422:
2413:
2394:
2370:
2366:
2327:narcissistic
2316:
2288:
2270:
2259:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2189:
2187:
2158:
2127:
2105:
2102:
2098:serotonergic
2085:testosterone
2082:
2069:
2060:neuroimaging
2057:
2041:white matter
2037:
1986:
1978:
1963:Neurological
1937:conditioning
1934:
1906:
1881:
1851:Sexual abuse
1839:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1804:
1785:
1720:
1717:Brain injury
1711:
1702:Phineas Gage
1679:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1591:
1574:intelligence
1567:
1555:white matter
1526:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1446:
1424:
1405:
1394:
1381:sexual crime
1378:
1346:
1330:
1326:psychosocial
1311:
1307:
1300:
1290:effect sizes
1283:
1279:
1253:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1190:
1181:Adrian Raine
1165:
1145:
1134:
1113:
1105:
1076:
1058:
1046:psychoticism
1043:
1032:
1023:
1013:
1011:
996:
976:
968:
963:frontal lobe
956:
936:
922:
919:
914:
906:
904:
894:
889:
864:Adolf Hitler
845:
832:
828:
826:
810:
804:
801:20th century
791:psychopathic
790:
788:
777:
765:
751:
747:Theophrastus
730:
719:
715:
707:
703:
699:
695:
689:
683:
680:
667:
663:
661:
657:social norms
652:
640:
636:
634:
624:
622:
617:
614:psychopathic
613:
607:
601:
584:
578:
576:
549:
547:
540:
530:
524:
516:
512:
508:
494:
484:
476:
474:
431:Although no
430:
403:
399:
391:
385:
382:psychiatrist
376:
332:
328:
327:
239:Risk factors
101:
83:
46:
37:This is the
31:
18:Psychopathic
15023:Criminology
15013:Psychopathy
14992:Victimology
14967:Psychopathy
14789:Persecution
14764:Humiliation
14754:Gaslighting
14737:Elder abuse
14688:Child abuse
14503:Remorseless
14418:Psychopathy
14225:Yellow rain
13845:Philippines
13705:Spamouflage
13690:Little Pink
13544:Rothschilds
13534:Red mercury
13249:Gaslighting
13200:Lying press
13170:Doublespeak
12936:MedlinePlus
12536:(1): 54–61.
12400:(1): 3–13.
12136:17 December
12121:Mayo Clinic
11629:: 257–263.
11348:(9): 1011.
11150:L'Encéphale
10675:Jurimetrics
10097:: 147–154.
9600:(1): 7–28.
8602:(1): 1–29.
8054:. pp.
7399:(1): 1–24.
7193:Morton RJ.
7078:: 499–513.
6886:: 253–260.
6791:: 125–132.
6725:: 253–258.
6580:: 133–148.
6126:: 121–135.
5478:: 556–563.
5344:: 693–709.
4842:Basic Books
3983:Psychopathy
3953:January 21,
3920:January 21,
3887:January 21,
3122:: 913–938.
3048:: 1061642.
3006:2066/236779
2866:attachments
2821:its history
2809:exaggerated
2802:Shakespeare
2782:criminology
2723:absenteeism
2559:reliability
2313:Comorbidity
2285:Other tools
2240:DSM and ICD
2147:digit ratio
2079:Biochemical
2006:hippocampus
1692:Environment
1654:utilitarian
1610:vocal tones
1451:ideological
1365:impulsivity
1264:Criminality
1217:Core traits
1087:dark tetrad
1054:impulsivity
1039:anxiousness
993:Measurement
979:paradoxical
945:and social
841:self-report
770:Julius Koch
766:Psychopathy
736:Deuteronomy
720:psychopathy
708:psychopathy
700:psychopathy
686:Robert Hare
668:psychopathy
653:psychopathy
564:MedlinePlus
550:psychopathy
477:psychopathy
433:psychiatric
412:(ASPD) and
364:egocentrism
337:personality
329:Psychopathy
220:impulsivity
180:criminology
110:Psychopathy
84:Psychopaths
15028:Dark triad
15007:Categories
14947:Narcissism
14769:Incivility
14759:Harassment
14589:Sociopathy
14564:Narcissism
14539:Dark triad
14432:In fiction
14352:PolitiFact
14280:Opposition
14156:Sandy Hook
13955:on Estonia
13889:Soviet era
13802:Team Jorge
13778:Godi-media
13539:Reptilians
13509:Illuminati
13368:Truthiness
13358:Social bot
13321:Propaganda
13254:Half-truth
13229:False flag
12773:Dutton, K.
12675:2018-02-16
12474:2022-01-25
12416:2019-07-15
12344:2012-06-23
12305:2020-11-19
12099:January 5,
12030:2015-01-13
11734:2022-01-25
11419:2023-03-04
11255:2016-02-03
11032:2023-12-30
11003:2023-12-30
10917:2022-01-06
10829:Assessment
10612:2009-09-11
10579:2009-01-27
10546:2014-05-07
10536:MAI Review
9372:2022-09-27
9249:2022-05-01
8785:2020-08-23
8663:(1): 5–7.
8104:January 5,
7962:2018-02-16
7850:(1): 1–7.
7828:2018-10-25
7759:January 5,
7728:January 5,
7497:2022-01-25
7439:2020-09-24
7209:January 1,
7146:: e72484.
7027:: 740–67.
6995:2016-02-03
6947:2016-02-03
6845:: 436–45.
6693:2023-01-30
6523:: 134–41.
6457:2018-02-16
6423:2018-02-16
6391:2018-02-16
5816:2023-09-22
5778:Assessment
5625:2016-02-03
5579:2016-02-03
5533:2016-02-03
5316:2022-01-25
5281:: 131–44.
5246:2019-01-22
5211:: 131–44.
5166:: 626–35.
5025:2024-04-21
4895:2016-02-03
4844:. p.
4760:2018-02-16
4361:: 110124.
4318:2024-07-10
4295:2024-06-19
4282:StatPearls
4006:Psychopath
3972:Psychopath
3814:. p.
3774:: 169–77.
3705:January 5,
3658:2018-10-02
3470:: 95–162.
2934:2024-04-11
2911:References
2878:insecurity
2830:con artist
2826:archetypal
2804:'s works.
2778:psychiatry
2770:sociopathy
2758:In fiction
2649:recidivism
2609:under the
2475:refractory
2464:Management
2452:in severe
2441:histrionic
2437:antisocial
2362:depression
2331:borderline
2323:histrionic
1989:prefrontal
1941:punishment
1929:See also:
1920:Mechanisms
1893:altruistic
1876:See also:
1836:two factor
1439:Terrorists
1435:war crimes
1419:See also:
1341:predicting
1322:aggression
1129:parasomnia
1083:dark triad
1068:narcissism
1037:(low) and
1007:depression
879:Definition
862:suggested
853:propaganda
727:Precursors
716:sociopathy
704:sociopathy
696:sociopathy
664:sociopathy
662:The terms
641:sociopathy
631:Sociopathy
625:psychopath
618:psychopath
513:psychopath
418:sociopathy
308:Medication
287:Prevention
224:narcissism
202:, lack of
172:Psychiatry
76:Sycophancy
14922:Isolation
14742:Financial
14483:Impulsive
14478:Grandiose
14347:NewsGuard
14342:Logically
14337:Full Fact
14234:Venezuela
14168:Fake news
14056:AK Trolls
13747:Funkspiel
13269:Infodemic
13185:Fake news
13160:Denialism
13155:Deception
12513:145582366
12226:1469-493X
11795:220339235
11779:1524-8380
11705:1433-0407
11645:1179-1411
11074:2076-328X
10957:1939-134X
10876:cite book
10857:206655518
10687:0897-1277
10372:0306-4530
10256:0269-8811
10201:0268-1315
10000:CiteSeerX
9698:0149-7634
9506:1939-1455
9289:0191-8869
9239:244730442
9223:1942-969X
8920:1873-7528
8596:Cognition
8494:0003-990X
8411:29 August
8398:150699596
8004:1469-7610
7913:0002-953X
7872:145437921
7864:1614-0001
7802:0001-8244
7649:Routledge
7479:1939-134X
7413:1079-0632
7250:1355-3259
7029:CiteSeerX
6739:0160-2527
6013:219505223
5067:0963-7214
4975:1949-2723
4596:144068583
4553:982958263
4375:0191-8869
3857:August 1,
3687:Company.
3340:0002-953X
3326:: 53–99.
3288:1943-2763
3249:0092-6566
3064:1664-0640
3015:1939-1846
2660:Frequency
2643:Prognosis
2531:clozapine
2168:Diagnosis
2142:serotonin
2114:prolactin
2106:increased
2093:serotonin
2049:no effect
1902:fertility
1889:parasitic
1840:triarchic
1647:amorality
1626:happiness
1523:Cognition
1333:construct
1259:Offending
1198:cognition
1141:hypomania
789:The term
758:Pritchard
712:psychosis
593:delusions
585:psychotic
580:psychosis
577:The term
548:The term
526:pathology
475:The word
471:Etymology
454:psychosis
340:construct
318:Prognosis
295:Treatment
269:psychosis
167:Specialty
64:Psychosis
14834:Stalking
14747:Marriage
14708:marriage
14703:military
14683:Bullying
14425:Contexts
14372:USAFacts
14362:StopFake
14258:Force 47
14163:COVID-19
14087:Euromyth
13838:Peñabots
13712:COVID-19
13617:COVID-19
13602:Vaccines
13467:Examples
13353:Smearing
12991:Archived
12824:(2014).
12793:(1999).
12786:(e-book)
12669:Archived
12630:15946623
12622:20422644
12465:Archived
12461:19243821
12410:Archived
12299:Archived
12261:Archived
12244:32880105
12187:24698103
12130:Archived
12093:Archived
12060:12 March
12054:Archived
12024:Archived
11976:10 March
11970:Archived
11943:10 March
11913:12 March
11907:Archived
11903:26359751
11873:Kumari V
11824:12 March
11818:Archived
11787:16785285
11725:Archived
11721:38652290
11713:24549689
11663:22723733
11604:20610135
11530:26382954
11481:26325039
11440:PLOS ONE
11413:Archived
11401:17018169
11362:12964563
11249:Archived
11208:15177992
11170:20620268
11134:Archived
11092:26797641
11058:(1): 5.
11026:Archived
10997:Archived
10975:24320762
10911:Archived
10849:21393315
10791:Archived
10771:40939723
10763:15070462
10728:Archived
10705:24944437
10648:Archived
10629:Archived
10606:Archived
10517:20850185
10441:20228805
10390:21978869
10325:Archived
10321:19350747
10313:23644029
10272:13239172
10264:12870570
10219:21909028
10162:25283165
10111:25145808
10073:20674598
10022:17201574
9932:40617060
9924:16613435
9889:19583882
9840:18638646
9802:Archived
9741:16168013
9706:36116578
9663:19833485
9614:18327824
9577:19445007
9539:Archived
9522:19644741
9514:26302165
9469:23424583
9408:26158983
9366:Archived
9341:27 April
9243:Archived
9231:34843347
9184:22752782
9131:10 April
9125:Archived
9048:Archived
9044:22390288
8990:21768207
8928:22944264
8880:24359488
8831:42581610
8823:11432605
8779:Archived
8775:12428783
8726:11761284
8679:12509310
8628:Archived
8624:16366546
8574:16712954
8512:19736355
8455:: 63–77.
8402:Archived
8353:Archived
8349:18370617
8300:19506560
8254:18434283
8200:July 10,
8155:24673881
8095:Archived
8093:. 2013.
8022:27516046
7956:Archived
7931:27056607
7822:Archived
7810:14574136
7753:Archived
7743:Hare R.
7722:Archived
7712:Hare R.
7699:20422645
7593:28931447
7558:20101592
7491:Archived
7487:23088204
7433:Archived
7429:36102945
7421:15017823
7366:14593792
7331:33364099
7254:Archived
7203:Archived
7180:24023744
7135:PLOS ONE
7092:21255891
7051:20804235
6989:Archived
6941:Archived
6900:17444531
6859:12150419
6815:20148183
6751:Archived
6747:19409615
6723:Elsevier
6687:Archived
6661:Archived
6657:18837606
6606:Archived
6602:40939723
6594:15070462
6541:Archived
6537:19345418
6521:Elsevier
6451:Archived
6417:Archived
6385:Archived
6356:23 April
6350:Archived
6320:16449704
6268:Archived
6235:Archived
6184:Archived
6148:27711931
6140:25749197
6096:23 April
6072:27911790
5978:18693491
5951:40939723
5943:15070462
5908:15704627
5810:Archived
5806:17524487
5798:24322012
5742:439–453.
5729:30675346
5721:24022650
5619:Archived
5573:Archived
5527:Archived
5476:Elsevier
5435:(2004).
5433:Otto F K
5358:25130868
5307:Archived
5303:19223010
5295:16492104
5237:Archived
5233:19223010
5225:16492104
5180:15535794
4983:23339319
4889:Archived
4818:Archived
4754:Archived
4588:11623816
4513:11911046
4436:26914324
4290:31536279
4260:Archived
4241:Archived
4222:Archived
4200:Archived
4101:Archived
4097:"Psycho"
4061:18174608
4009:Archived
3986:Archived
3975:Archived
3804:(1999).
3788:16184054
3736:Archived
3699:Archived
3652:Archived
3600:Archived
3496:Archived
3484:26167886
3296:24689766
3167:(1999).
3136:19583890
3082:37051168
3073:10084668
3023:34472890
2958:Archived
2884:See also
2854:bogeyman
2846:offender
2817:antihero
2735:charming
2711:conflict
2707:bullying
2469:Clinical
2450:variance
2446:etiology
2354:neurotic
2339:schizoid
2335:paranoid
2154:estrogen
2151:prenatal
2134:dopamine
2119:5-HTTLPR
2089:cortisol
2030:temporal
2018:striatum
2002:amygdala
1914:spandrel
1897:trusting
1748:amygdala
1630:fusiform
1533:amygdala
1389:sadistic
1303:violence
1297:Violence
970:Meanness
951:amygdala
938:Boldness
884:Concepts
760:(1835; "
739:21:18–21
356:boldness
212:violence
192:Boldness
187:Symptoms
43:reviewed
14855:more...
14784:Neglect
14693:neglect
14463:Callous
14246:Vietnam
13917:Seat 12
13788:OpIndia
13740:Germany
13207:Fallacy
13180:Factoid
13118:Big lie
13015:npr.org
12822:Kiehl K
12791:Hare RD
12775:(2012)
12235:8094881
12178:4255317
11654:3379858
11521:4629071
11472:4556482
11449:Bibcode
11409:2566320
11297:2266219
11083:4810039
10966:4100942
10813:Witness
10696:4059069
10508:3506166
10432:2916168
10381:3262096
10331:7 March
10210:3202964
10153:4737229
10064:3006062
9880:2709751
9654:2784035
9460:3573869
9443:: 549.
9416:2565416
9275:: 1–6.
9175:3937069
9035:4603562
8981:3427868
8936:2596760
8871:3970241
8734:1951812
8616:7587017
8565:2765815
8503:3192811
8245:2606709
8146:4145052
8013:5340563
7922:5008992
7818:8480586
7601:4968732
7171:3759386
7148:Bibcode
6806:2817979
6757:8 April
6547:1 April
6274:15 July
6241:5 April
6231:3478417
6063:5167137
6040:Bibcode
5830:111394.
5492:6535576
5139:8201078
4684:7950601
4675:2541046
4633:8425387
4052:2632489
3802:Hare RD
3648:1918618
3614:Hare RD
3582:Hare RD
3492:8521465
3165:Hare RD
3144:6105750
2964:12 June
2874:anguish
2813:villain
2786:critics
2595:England
2204:and in
2091:and/or
2026:frontal
1993:temporo
1793:Please
1676:Genetic
1618:sadness
1598:empathy
1357:remorse
1152:remorse
1041:(low).
1012:Marcus
597:reality
521:disease
505:Germany
460:History
348:remorse
344:empathy
335:, is a
208:remorse
204:empathy
72:Psychic
14902:Denial
14698:sexual
14357:Snopes
14173:online
14093:Lancet
14039:Turkey
13877:Russia
13833:Mexico
13821:Kuwait
13797:Israel
13656:Canada
13612:autism
13558:Health
13190:online
13006:, 2001
13004:Nature
12941:000921
12892:
12866:
12855:
12832:
12807:
12782:
12762:
12745:
12731:
12710:
12628:
12620:
12579:London
12511:
12459:
12291:
12242:
12232:
12224:
12185:
12175:
12085:
11998:
11901:
11854:
11793:
11785:
11777:
11719:
11711:
11703:
11661:
11651:
11643:
11602:
11528:
11518:
11479:
11469:
11407:
11399:
11360:
11321:
11295:
11241:
11206:
11168:
11126:
11090:
11080:
11072:
10973:
10963:
10955:
10855:
10847:
10769:
10761:
10703:
10693:
10685:
10515:
10505:
10439:
10429:
10388:
10378:
10370:
10319:
10311:
10270:
10262:
10254:
10217:
10207:
10199:
10160:
10150:
10109:
10071:
10061:
10020:
10002:
9971:
9930:
9922:
9887:
9877:
9838:
9739:
9704:
9696:
9661:
9651:
9612:
9575:
9520:
9512:
9504:
9467:
9457:
9414:
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