29:
2384:
2569:
2519:. From there he mounted another invasion of Cyprus in 106 BC, which succeeded in conquering the island. He initially maintained control of Cyrene, but it seems to have come under the control of his half brother Ptolemy Apion some time after 105 BC. Apion protected his position by publishing a will which left all his territories to Rome in the event that he died without heirs, a method which was often used by Hellenistic kings to prevent rivals from attempting to depose or assassinate them. However, he actually died without heirs in 96 BC, meaning that Rome inherited the territory.
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1980:
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2322:, daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, as a second wife. The conflict eventually led to a civil war with Cleopatra II on one side and Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III on the other (132-126 BC). Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III were victorious, but reconciled with Cleopatra II and restored her as co-regent in 124 BC.
2333:; twin in his birthplace with the son of Isis" which seems to indicate that he was born in the same year as an Apis bull, i.e. 143/2 BC. This would put his birth two years before his parents' marriage, which took place in 141 BC. Some historians, like Günther Hölbl, consider this insuperable and propose to place his birth in 140 or 139 BC instead.
2455:. On the way to meet Antiochus IX, Cleopatra IV stopped in Cyprus, where she recruited an army and seized control of the Cypriot fleet, in order to aid Antiochus IX. Perhaps as a result of this, in 114/113 BC, Ptolemy X proclaimed himself 'King of Cyprus', openly declaring his opposition to Ptolemy IX.
2430:(Mother-loving Saviour). This was the same epithet that Cleopatra II and taken on during her civil war with Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III, which suggests that she played a controlling role in the new regime. Ptolemy X was sent to Cyprus to serve as governor of Cyprus soon after Ptolemy IX's accession.
2318:. However, when Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC, Ptolemy VIII was invited back to Egypt to serve as king, marrying his sister Cleopatra II, also sister and widow of Ptolemy VI. The relationship between Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II rapidly deteriorated, especially when Ptolemy VIII took
2661:
On 5 August 81 BC, Ptolemy IX promoted his daughter
Berenice III, who had previously been the wife and co-regent of Ptolemy X, to the status of co-regent. Some sources claim that Ptolemy IX had made Berenice III his co-regent at the start of his second reign in 88 BC, but all
2829:
The mother of
Ptolemy IX's daughter, Berenice III is not certain either. Cleopatra IV and Cleopatra Selene are candidates, with the former favoured by modern scholarship. Bennett noted that Berenice III's legitimacy was never questioned by ancient historians, and the illegitimacy
2473:
Ptolemy IX supported
Antiochus IX in his conflict with Antiochus VIII. In 114 BC, Cleopatra IV had been captured and murdered by Antiochus VIII's wife Tryphaena, who was murdered in turn by Antiochus IX in 111 BC. In 109 BC, Ptolemy IX sent Antiochus IX fresh
2718:
region. Papyrus letters survive that instruct all local officials to treat him with the greatest respect and provide him with the most luxurious accommodation. The visit is a sign of the extent to which the
Ptolemies now sought to conciliate the Roman Republic. It is also an early example of Roman
2825:
and
Christopher Bennett argue that they were considered illegitimate simply because their mother had not been a co-regnant queen. They propose Cleopatra IV as the mother, in which case Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus would have been born in 117 and 116 BC respectively. Bennett further
2418:
Some historians have found this account plausible. However, Chris
Bennett argues that it is a false story that was invented by Cleopatra III at a later date. He points out that Justin's story assumes that Cleopatra III was the only living queen at the time of Ptolemy VIII's death.
2266:
in 130 BC, during a civil war between
Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II. On his father's death in 116 BC, he became co-regent with Cleopatra II (until 115 BC) and with Cleopatra III. He eventually quarrelled with his mother and in 107 BC, she deposed him and replaced him with his
2626:, in return for which he produced a will which left his kingdom to the Romans. Although they chose not to take advantage of this, the possibility of Roman intervention hung over Ptolemy IX for the rest of his reign and forced him to adopt a highly deferential posture with the Romans.
2943:
Numbering the
Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator"). Ptolemy IX also took the same title 'Soter' as
2503:. Cleopatra III then had him brought to Alexandria and placed on the throne as her new co-regent. Ptolemy IX had left his two sons behind when he fled Alexandria. He also abandoned Cleopatra Selene, who now seems to have been married to Ptolemy X.
2438:
Cleopatra II died some time before April 115 BC and at this point
Cleopatra III became the dominant force in the government. Ptolemy IX was forced to divorce his sister-wife Cleopatra IV, who went off and married her cousin, the Seleucid king
2498:
servants and displayed them to the people as evidence that her son had attempted to have her assassinated, causing the
Alexandrians to riot and expel Ptolemy IX from the city. While this was taking place, Ptolemy X had left Cyprus and sailed to
2466:. Cleopatra Selene was not made co-regent with her new husband, as would have been normal. Instead, in documents from this period, the royal couple were Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX, who were integrated into the Ptolemaic dynastic cult as the
2344:, the year after Ptolemy Memphites had done the same. However, during the civil war, in 130 BC, Cleopatra II attempted to have Ptolemy Memphites crowned as her co-ruler, so Ptolemy VIII had him murdered, leaving Ptolemy IX as the heir.
2275:, but was prevented by Ptolemy X from invading Egypt (103–102 BC). In 88 BC, the Alexandrians expelled Ptolemy X and restored Ptolemy IX to the throne. He reigned alone until 81 BC, when he appointed his daughter
2690:
and ensure the success of the next. The fact that Ptolemy IX carried this ritual out personally, rather than letting a local priest carry it out in his stead, shows the extent to which Ptolemy embraced the Pharaonic role.
2580:
The army and people of Alexandria turned against Ptolemy X in spring 88 BC and expelled him from Egypt. The Alexandrians then recalled Ptolemy IX to the throne. Ptolemy IX was formally re-crowned as Pharaoh at
2793:
are disputed. According to Justin, Cleopatra Selene and Ptolemy IX had two children. The historian John Whitehorne noted that the existence of those two children is doubted and they might have died at a young age.
2596:
When Ptolemy IX returned to Egypt, the south of the country had been under the control of Egyptian rebels since 91 BC. Ptolemy sent a large force south in November 88 BC, under the command of the general Hierax.
2551:, while Cleopatra III besieged Ptolemais Akko. Ptolemy IX attempted to slip past them and into Egypt, but Ptolemy X managed to rush back and stop him. Ptolemy IX spent the winter encamped at
2662:
documentary evidence shows that he reigned alone until 81BC. Ptolemy died shortly thereafter, probably in December of the same year, leaving her alone on the throne. After a few months of sole rule, her cousin
2621:
After his expulsion from Alexandria, Ptolemy X made an attempt to invade Cyprus and recapture control, but was killed in the attempt. Before his death, however, he had taken out a large loan from the
2641:(89-84 BC). Ptolemy hosted Lucullus magnificently, but did not offer him any material support. This was probably partially due to the confused political situation – the Roman war effort was being led by
2542:
with impunity. Fearing that Ptolemy IX was planning to use Judaea as a springboard for an invasion of Egypt, Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X invaded Judaea themselves. Ptolemy X invaded
2813:
wrote that Berenice III was Ptolemy IX's only legitimate offspring. This has discouraged the identification of Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus with the two sons mentioned by Justin.
2419:
Documentary evidence shows that Cleopatra II was still alive in 116 BC, which makes it unlikely that Cleopatra III would have been allowed sole power to decide who would be king.
2830:
of Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra IV's marriage makes it more probable that Berenice III was the result of a legitimate marriage, that is between her father and Cleopatra Selene.
2415:
implies that Cleopatra III's request to send Ptolemy IX to Cyprus in 117 BC had been intended to get him out of the way in order to enable Ptolemy X's succession.
631:
388:
2314:. All three ruled together from 169 BC until 164 BC, when Ptolemy VIII expelled his brother from power. In 163 BC, he was expelled in turn and forced to withdraw to
3604:
Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd (2013) . "Cleopatra V Berenike III". In Bagnall, Roger S.; Brodersen, Kai; Champion, Craige B.; Erskine, Andrew; Huebner, Sabine R. (eds.).
305:
The strong bull and sovereign who shines in Ta-mery like the living Apis bull, whom has been given many Sed festivals like Ptah Ta-tjenen, and father of the gods
8860:
2686:
in order to celebrate the festival there in honour of the Great God of the Nile – a traditional Pharaonic duty which was meant to give thanks for the
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512:
972:
Lord of Egypt who rules in joy, the lord of the Sed festival like Ptah-Tatenen, king of the Gods, who determines the laws like the great god Thoth
2694:
It is possible that construction of certain buildings occurred during the first reign of Ptolemy IX. This would have included work on the
2395:, Ptolemy VIII's will left Cleopatra III in charge of Egypt, with the right to choose either Ptolemy IX or his younger brother
5157:
1138:
Sheseptamery Heqa'efemhaau Nebhabusedashauwerumiitefptatatenensemsunetjeru Shesepenefnesytenraemqenunekhet Itiwedjamaat Semenhepumidjehutia'a
2026:
3964:
2340:, the son of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, who was roughly the same age as him. In 134/3 BC, Ptolemy IX served as the annual
1328:
28:
8954:
2593:, since it recalled his mother. The cults and memory of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X seem to have been officially suppressed.
2325:
Ptolemy IX was the son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. The exact date of his birth is a bit unclear. As pharaoh, his
2422:
At any rate, Cleopatra II, Cleopatra III, and Ptolemy IX (in that order) are listed together as co-rulers in surviving
1134:šzp-tꜢmri ḥḳꜢ.f-m-ḥꜤꜤw nb-ḥꜢbw-sd-ꜤšꜢw-wrw-mi-it.f-Ptḥ-tꜢṯnn-smsw-nṯrw šzp.n.f-nsyt-n-rꜤ-m-ḳnw-nḫt ity-wḏꜤ-MꜢꜤt smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
8875:
8870:
1710:
1568:
1425:
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Around 117 BC, Ptolemy IX was sent to Cyprus, reportedly at his mother's request, where he served as governor of the island (
1865:
1734:
1593:
1455:
1057:
898:
141:
Distinguished through his birth together with the living Apis, godlike at conception, twin in his birthplace with the son of Isis
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1141:
Who, seizing Egypt, rules in joy, the lord of many great Sed festivals like his father Ptah-Tatenen, the oldest of the Gods
2530:. The city appealed to Ptolemy IX for help and he sailed over and caused Jannaeus to lift his siege. He then invaded
8830:
6610:
6398:
2714:
embassy led by the senator Lucius Memmius, arrived in Egypt in 112 BC. As part of his visit, he was given a tour of the
8819:
7580:
7296:
6164:
5424:
5398:
2948:. In older references and in more recent references by the German historian Huss, Ptolemy IX may be numbered VIII.
2731:
provide evidence for another set of early Roman tourists. Dated to 116 BC, they are the earliest known examples of the
2555:, before deciding to sail back to Cyprus in early 102 BC. Nothing further is known about his activities until 88 BC.
8949:
8944:
8885:
3957:
8072:
1921:
113:
8934:
8122:
7849:
7705:
5081:
4973:
3727:
3581:
5162:
8418:
8208:
8140:
8005:
7872:
7782:
7595:
5713:
5222:
5208:
5076:
5061:
4216:
3054:
3642:
3195:
3124:
7990:
7927:
7210:
5366:
5071:
5056:
5031:
5008:
4988:
2125:
2980:
2826:
proposes that Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus are identical with the two sons mentioned by Justin.
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7372:
6857:
6634:
6625:
5270:
5255:
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5036:
5021:
4978:
4950:
4161:
3950:
3260:
2573:
2141:
3342:
2785:
At least three children are attested for Ptolemy IX. The birth dates and parentage of his two sons
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7009:
5591:
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5041:
5016:
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4963:
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2130:
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2515:. There forces loyal to Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X rebuffed him, forcing him to retreat to
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4422:
4066:
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5217:
5203:
5189:
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4968:
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4881:
4848:
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4714:
4427:
2666:
was placed on the throne as her co-regent, murdered her, was murdered himself, and was replaced by
2634:
2407:. Justin further claims that Cleopatra III wanted to choose Ptolemy X, but the people of
1945:
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1347:
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5213:
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4905:
4871:
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4812:
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4493:
4317:
4196:
4130:
4038:
4005:
3670:
Bennett, Christopher J. (1997). "Cleopatra V Tryphæna and the Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies".
3219:
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4312:
4191:
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4156:
4140:
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2822:
2818:
2638:
2447:
was Cleopatra III's sister. Antiochus IX was waging a war against his half-brother
2156:
2091:
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87:
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3990:
2601:
was quickly recaptured and severely sacked. Ptolemaic control was restored as far south as
2490:
In autumn 107 BC, a new conflict broke out between Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX.
8:
8391:
8366:
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6822:
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5240:
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4274:
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4181:
4145:
4091:
4086:
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2271:. However, Ptolemy IX succeeded in seizing control of Cyprus. From there he invaded
59:
2817:
suggested that Ptolemy XII's mother was a Syrian or a partly Greek concubine while
8681:
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5644:
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Iwa(en)netjermenekhnetjeretmeretmutesnedjet(et) Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhemankhamun
965:
nb-tꜢmri ḥḳꜢ.f-m-ḥꜤꜤw nb-ḥꜢbw-sd-mi-tꜢṯnn-it-nṯrw-nsyt(?) ity-smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
302:
Kanakht itypesedjemtamerimihapuankh redjenefhabusedashauwerumiptah-tatjenenitnetjeru
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2649:. Moreover, Mithridates VI had managed to capture Ptolemy's sons, who had been on
969:
Nebtamery Heqa'efemhaau Nebhabusedmitatenenitnetjerunesut Itysemenhepumidjehutia'a
8687:
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from 115 BC, until he abandoned her during his flight from Alexandria in 107 BC.
2748:
2355:, who probably gave birth to two sons while the couple was on Cyprus: the future
2236:
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298:
kꜢ-nḫt jty-psḏ-m-tꜢmrj-mj-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ rdj-n.f-ḥꜢbw-sd-ꜤšꜢw-wrw-mj-ptḥ-tꜢṯnn-jt-nṯrw
2433:
2262:
Ptolemy IX became the heir apparent after the murder of his half-brother
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6510:
6500:
6362:
6116:
5864:
5807:
5760:
5597:
5556:
5142:
5131:
4629:
4619:
4576:
4541:
4269:
3875:
3691:
2720:
2598:
2404:
2400:
2319:
2315:
2244:
82:
65:
3741:. Phoenix: Supplementary Volume. Vol. 24. University of Toronto Press.
3534:
8547:
8381:
8371:
8346:
8198:
8148:
8107:
7833:
7745:
7633:
7546:
7526:
7445:
7410:
7405:
7291:
7230:
6940:
6762:
6752:
6715:
6670:
6584:
6574:
6564:
6480:
6196:
6073:
5882:
5823:
5683:
5630:
5535:
5184:
5147:
5111:
4764:
4749:
4664:
4604:
4566:
4546:
4531:
4206:
3921:
3879:
3858:
3683:
2907:
2768:
2535:
2463:
2440:
2352:
2311:
2307:
2292:
2276:
2252:
2240:
103:
78:
1974:
1808:
1657:
1517:
1375:
1147:
978:
821:
687:
535:
310:
146:
8651:
8596:
8447:
8396:
8316:
8188:
8080:
8062:
8020:
7931:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7766:
7750:
7723:
7688:
7678:
7613:
7566:
7556:
7541:
7531:
7478:
7440:
7415:
7395:
7385:
7151:
7135:
7110:
7105:
6905:
6832:
6742:
6725:
6680:
6655:
6589:
6569:
6554:
6536:
6266:
6261:
6068:
5895:
5875:
5689:
5623:
5614:
5498:
4724:
4719:
4659:
4644:
4581:
4526:
4503:
4498:
4473:
4211:
2853:
2786:
2752:
2683:
2667:
2606:
2511:
After his expulsion from Alexandria, Ptolemy IX went to the isle of
2356:
1340:
iwꜤ-(n)-nṯr-mnḫ-nṯrt-mr(t)-mwt.s-nḏt(t) stp.n-ptḥ iri-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ sḫm-Ꜥnḫ-imn
2806:
8768:
8722:
8675:
8630:
8602:
8423:
8306:
8231:
8158:
8047:
7862:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7772:
7760:
7740:
7713:
7683:
7663:
7608:
7561:
7536:
7468:
7430:
7400:
7390:
7130:
6930:
6920:
6690:
6685:
6650:
6559:
6531:
6352:
6256:
6251:
6236:
6221:
6029:
6023:
5937:
5665:
5483:
5420:
5283:
5250:
5116:
4774:
4634:
4521:
4488:
4450:
4442:
2687:
2663:
2475:
2408:
2326:
2303:
2279:
as co-regent shortly before his own death. She succeeded him as ruler.
2743:
2645:, but he had been declared an outlaw by the government in Rome led by
814:
Werpehty Sekhemwadjwer Itiiwatawyemmaatkheru Menkhibkhernetjeruremetju
8708:
8623:
8586:
8512:
8506:
8433:
8413:
8130:
8112:
8057:
8037:
7900:
7735:
7718:
7668:
7521:
7488:
7483:
7425:
7224:
7045:
6998:
6950:
6910:
6887:
6660:
6526:
6495:
6149:
6063:
5889:
5770:
5507:
5152:
5136:
4769:
4759:
4734:
4704:
4609:
4551:
4483:
4478:
4231:
4226:
4101:
4023:
3942:
3848:
2945:
2921:
2633:
arrived in Alexandria seeking financial and military support against
2552:
2544:
2452:
2396:
2336:
Initially, Ptolemy IX was not the heir to the throne – that was
2330:
2299:
2268:
2451:(r. 125–96 BC), who was married to Cleopatra IV's elder sister
2426:
documents from October 116 BC. Ptolemy IX received the epithet
2255:
and mother Cleopatra III from 116 to 107 BC, and then again as
8778:
8773:
8762:
8729:
8644:
8637:
8591:
8563:
8557:
8522:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8102:
8042:
7885:
7857:
7450:
7380:
7192:
7178:
7158:
7120:
7032:
6977:
6935:
6767:
6737:
6700:
6645:
6490:
6367:
6272:
6216:
6111:
6018:
6012:
6001:
5967:
5851:
5837:
5830:
5817:
5781:
5521:
4729:
4654:
4639:
3460:
3412:
2724:
2630:
2548:
2500:
2228:
47:
8755:
8694:
8537:
8221:
8032:
8026:
8014:
7895:
7890:
7827:
7806:
7651:
7603:
7503:
7493:
7218:
7115:
7085:
7067:
7056:
7039:
6991:
6984:
6915:
6837:
6485:
6293:
6279:
6191:
6142:
6048:
5991:
5942:
5775:
5765:
5745:
5678:
5528:
5407:
5298:
4694:
2531:
2423:
2232:
39:
5419:
2821:
suggested that she was a member of the Egyptian elite. However,
8662:
8532:
8169:
8052:
7657:
7628:
7498:
7473:
7265:
7199:
7025:
7018:
6945:
6900:
6894:
6720:
6640:
6226:
6053:
6006:
5960:
5932:
5858:
5736:
5695:
5577:
5542:
5514:
4709:
3483:
3467:
2798:
2756:
2728:
2719:
tourism in Egypt, which would become a major phenomenon in the
2715:
2602:
2585:
in November. In his first reign, Ptolemy had borne the epithet
2539:
2512:
2495:
2287:
2272:
2778:
until he was forced to divorce her in 115 BC, and secondly to
2767:
Ptolemy IX is only known to have married twice, first to
2329:
was "Distinguished through his birth together with the living
138:
Djosermesuthenahapuankh netjerikheperu sensenmesekhenetsa'Aset
8748:
8527:
8517:
8495:
8153:
7062:
7050:
6963:
6880:
6731:
6665:
6327:
5996:
5954:
5948:
5740:
5699:
5570:
5563:
5549:
2642:
2610:
2216:
810:
wr-pḥti sḫm-WꜢḏ-wr iti-iwꜤ-tꜢwi-m-mꜢꜤ-ḫrw mnḫ-ib-ḫr-nṯrw-rmṯw
630:
387:
8500:
8490:
7880:
7755:
6956:
6286:
6106:
6088:
5973:
5755:
5750:
5584:
5376:
3109:
2699:
2679:
2494:
claims that Cleopatra III wounded a number of her own
2434:
Divorce, remarriage, and intervention in Seleucid civil war
1985:
1819:
1668:
1528:
1386:
1170:
1001:
844:
710:
558:
335:
171:
2589:(Mother-loving saviour), but on his return he dropped the
6705:
3557:
2650:
2616:
2474:
troops to aid him in a campaign against the Jewish ruler
7926:
3025:
Ptolemy Soter II and Ptolemy Alexander I at LacusCurtius
2458:
Meanwhile, Ptolemy IX married his younger sister,
134:ḏsr-mswt-ḥnꜤ-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ nṯrj-ḫpr(w) snsn-msḫn(t)-nt-zꜢ-Ꜣst
3569:
3622:
2678:
In August 115 BC, Ptolemy IX travelled down the
2609:, which had come under the control of the kingdom of
2391:
On 28 June 116, Ptolemy VIII died. According to
2534:, defeated Jannaeus in a battle at Asophon near the
3027:— (Chapter XI of E. R Bevan's
2801:and other ancient sources as an illegitimate son;
2403:was left to Ptolemy VIII's illegitimate son,
2387:Coronation of Ptolemy IX depicted at Kom Ombo
3784:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
2411:rioted and forced her to choose Ptolemy IX.
2351:). Shortly before this he had married his sister
8926:
3701:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend
3603:
3606:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History (13 Vols.)
2349:strategos, nauarchos, archiereus, archikynegos
528:Sekhasumutefhernesutitef ititawy em Maat-kheru
5392:
3958:
2506:
2485:
2282:
680:Werpehty Khentishenehe Semenhepumidjehutia'a
524:sḫꜤi-sw-mwt.f-ḥr-nst-jt.f jṯj-tꜢwj m mꜢꜤ-ḫrw
3213:
2373:
1940:Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah
5399:
5385:
3965:
3951:
3755:
3563:
2558:
27:
16:2nd/1st century BC king of Ptolemaic Egypt
3608:. Vol. III: Be-Co. Wiley-Blackwell.
3304:
3302:
3300:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2705:
2637:, with whom the Romans were fighting the
676:wr-pḥti ḫnti-š-nḥḥ smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
8809:
3739:Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100–30 BC
3736:
3698:
3587:
3575:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3177:
3175:
3173:
2742:
2567:
2382:
2302:died in 180 BC, he left three children:
2286:
3669:
3628:
3515:Ta nomismata tou kratous ton Ptolemaion
2924:(101-88 BC), Queen of Egypt (81-80 BC)
2656:
2378:
332:
168:
8927:
7956:
7321:
6423:
5449:
3972:
3297:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2738:
2617:Roman claims and First Mithridatic War
2613:during the revolt, was not reclaimed.
8808:
7925:
7290:
6392:
5418:
5380:
4897:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
3946:
3717:
3541:. C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 674-675
3498:
3436:
3421:
3308:
3291:
3278:
3252:
3181:
3170:
3040:
3007:
2877:King of Egypt (80-58 & 55-51 BC)
2629:In 86 BC, a Roman fleet commanded by
8461:
5365:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
3722:. London & New York: Routledge.
3634:
3380:
3334:
3187:
2670:, another child of Ptolemy IX.
2462:, with whom he soon had a daughter,
3640:
3528:
3386:
3340:
3258:
3193:
3122:
3116:
3078:
3072:
3052:
3046:
2998:
2978:
2961:
2797:Ptolemy XII is referred to by
2251:in joint rule with his grandmother
13:
2547:by sea and then marched inland to
2522:In 103 BC, the new Hasmonean King
2470:(The Mother-loving Saviour Gods).
14:
8971:
8955:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty
3788:Ptolemy IX (Soter) at Thebes
3775:
3720:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire
3552:Epitome of the Philippic History
2858:
2061:
1978:
1900:
1812:
1767:
1661:
1616:
1521:
1476:
1379:
629:
491:
386:
281:
33:Probable bust of Ptolemy IX
3663:
3597:
3544:
3539:Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit
3504:
3492:
3477:
3454:
3442:
3406:
3360:
3314:
3240:
3224:
3220:Antiochus IX at Livius.org
3158:
3142:
2107:
2096:
3098:
3034:
2937:
2563:
1:
8960:Ptolemaic governors of Cyprus
8419:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
5369:in most of their territories.
4167:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
3678:. Peeters Publishers: 39–66.
3521:(n°1838), & vol. III-IV,
2955:
2890:
2866:
2772:
2572:Probable bust of Ptolemy IX,
2443:(r. 115–95 BC), whose mother
2364:
2342:priest of Alexander the Great
1928:
1335:
960:
519:
129:
5406:
2126:Berenice III, Queen of Egypt
7:
8352:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4162:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3517:, Athens, 1904, vol. I-II,
2574:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
2142:Cleopatra V, Queen of Egypt
1937:Petulemis Ankhdjet meryptah
10:
8976:
7251:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
6635:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
6399:Second Intermediate Period
3737:Sullivan, Richard (1990).
3703:. Hodder & Stoughton.
3325:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus
3231:Ptolemy VI Philometor
3153:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus
2902:King of Cyprus (80-58 BC)
2507:King of Cyprus (107–88 BC)
2468:Theoi Philometores Soteres
2131:Ptolemy XII, King of Egypt
2052:
1993:
1988:
1949:
1891:
1827:
1822:
1784:
1758:
1676:
1671:
1633:
1607:
1536:
1531:
1493:
1467:
1394:
1389:
1351:
1329:Prenomen (Praenomen)
1303:
1176:
1173:
1151:
1113:
1007:
1004:
982:
928:
850:
847:
825:
789:
716:
713:
691:
655:
634:
564:
561:
539:
482:
391:
343:
338:
314:
272:
179:
174:
150:
8913:
8815:
8804:
8702:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
8446:
8392:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
8287:
8259:
8244:
8207:
8179:
8139:
8121:
8071:
8004:
7989:
7947:
7943:
7921:
7871:
7848:
7781:
7704:
7642:
7594:
7579:
7512:
7459:
7371:
7356:
7312:
7308:
7297:Third Intermediate Period
7286:
7209:
7168:
7076:
7008:
6856:
6624:
6609:
6545:
6519:
6471:
6456:
6414:
6410:
6388:
6343:
6303:
6178:
6163:
6097:
6039:
5982:
5923:
5908:
5798:
5727:
5712:
5613:
5497:
5482:
5440:
5436:
5425:First Intermediate Period
5414:
5363:
5269:
5100:
5007:
4949:
4862:
4783:
4590:
4512:
4464:
4441:
4283:
4240:
4111:
4067:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
4057:
4014:
3981:
3933:
3926:
3916:
3908:
3901:
3895:
3885:
3863:
3855:
3845:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3796:
3756:Whitehorne, John (1994).
2673:
2486:Expulsion from Alexandria
2379:Will of Ptolemy VIII
2363:, future king of Cyprus,
2283:Background and early life
2208:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2115:
2087:
1992:
1927:
1920:
1826:
1675:
1535:
1393:
1334:
1327:
1175:
1131:Second Golden Horus name:
1006:
959:
952:
849:
715:
563:
518:
511:
342:
178:
128:
121:
110:
94:
74:
58:
45:
38:
26:
21:
8414:Cleopatra VII Philopator
6671:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
5429: (<3150–2040 BC)
4428:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
4227:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3782:Ptolemy IX Lathyrus
3699:Fletcher, Joann (2008).
3647:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3393:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3347:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3265:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3200:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3129:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3085:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3059:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2985:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2930:
2914:Late 115 or early 114 BC
2635:Mithridates VI of Pontus
2374:First reign (116–107 BC)
2298:When the Ptolemaic king
2249:Ptolemy Philometor Soter
2201:Ptolemy IX Soter II
2110:115 BC; divorced 107 BC)
2099:119 BC; divorced 115 BC)
8950:1st-century BC pharaohs
8945:2nd-century BC pharaohs
8387:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
8302:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
6596:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
5225:'s attempted rule with
4906:Mithridates V Euergetes
4318:Antiochus III the Great
4131:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4072:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
3996:Alexander III the Great
3718:Hölbl, Günther (2001).
3416:Antiquities of the Jews
2559:Second reign (88–81 BC)
2526:led an army to conquer
2219:"), commonly nicknamed
2136:Ptolemy, King of Cyprus
8429:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
8408:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
8402:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
8357:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
8327:Arsinoe III Philopator
7241:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
6711:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
6651:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
6242:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
5009:Monarchs of Cappadocia
4911:Mithridates VI Eupator
4433:Philip II Philoromaeus
4418:Antiochus XII Dionysus
4408:Demetrius III Eucaerus
4403:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
4388:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
4328:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
4323:Seleucus IV Philopator
4308:Seleucus II Callinicus
4207:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4082:Demetrius II Aetolicus
3684:10.2143/AS.28.0.630068
2764:
2735:to be found in Egypt.
2706:Relationship with Rome
2696:Dendera Temple complex
2647:Lucius Cornelius Cinna
2577:
2388:
2295:
2167:Cleopatra III of Egypt
1933:ptwlmis Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mri-ptḥ
8935:2nd-century BC births
8377:Ptolemy X Alexander I
8342:Ptolemy VI Philometor
8322:Ptolemy IV Philopator
8317:Berenice II Euergetes
8312:Ptolemy III Euergetes
8274:Philip III Arrhidaeus
6783:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
6778:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
6132:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
4951:Monarchs of Commagene
4872:Mithridates I Ctistes
4413:Philip I Philadelphus
4393:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
4383:Antiochus VIII Grypus
4378:Seleucus V Philometor
4363:Antiochus VII Sidetes
4353:Antiochus VI Dionysus
4313:Seleucus III Ceraunus
4212:Berenice IV Epiphanea
4157:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4141:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4136:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4001:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2823:John Pentland Mahaffy
2746:
2721:Roman imperial period
2698:and on the temple in
2639:First Mithridatic War
2571:
2386:
2290:
2176:143/2 BC or 140/39 BC
2157:Ptolemy VIII of Egypt
2092:Cleopatra IV of Egypt
99:Ptolemy X Alexander I
88:Ptolemy X Alexander I
8810:Dynastic genealogies
8434:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
7730:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
7644:High Priests of Amun
7146:Merankhre Mentuhotep
6848:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
6843:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
6696:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
6403: (2040–1550 BC)
6122:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
4785:Monarchs of Bithynia
4368:Alexander II Zabinas
4348:Demetrius II Nicator
4265:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
4232:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4197:Ptolemy XI Alexander
4172:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
4077:Antigonus II Gonatas
3055:"Cleopatra III"
2874:February/March 51 BC
2657:Death and succession
2239:. He was the son of
8332:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
8269:Alexander the Great
7301: (1550–664 BC)
6823:Mershepsesre Ini II
6818:Merkawre Sobekhotep
6212:Neferkare IV Khendu
5367:Hellenistic satraps
4398:Antiochus X Eusebes
4333:Antiochus V Eupator
4275:Cleopatra Selene II
4202:Ptolemy XII Auletes
4187:Ptolemy X Alexander
4182:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
4146:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4087:Antigonus III Doson
3643:"Berenice III"
3196:"Cleopatra II"
3125:"Cleopatra IV"
3081:"Ptolemy Memphites"
2809:" (bastard), while
2739:Marriages and issue
2449:Antiochus VIII
2122:Two legitimate sons
8669:Trebonianus Gallus
7256:Senakhtenre Ahmose
6874:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
6828:Sewahenre Senebmiu
6803:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
6232:Neferkare V Tereru
6202:Neferkare III Neby
5870:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
5271:Monarchs of Epirus
5104:Cimmerian Bosporus
4864:Monarchs of Pontus
4423:Cleopatra Selene I
4303:Antiochus II Theos
4293:Seleucus I Nicator
4260:Demetrius the Fair
4242:Monarchs of Cyrene
3839:Governor of Cyprus
3501:, pp. 205–206
3439:, pp. 211–213
3343:"Cleopatra Selene"
3321:Justin (historian)
3311:, pp. 207–210
3294:, pp. 206–207
3184:, pp. 204–205
3043:, pp. 172–203
2776: 119 BC
2765:
2578:
2524:Alexander Jannaeus
2517:Seleucia in Pieria
2399:as her co-regent.
2389:
2368: 116 BC
2320:Cleopatra III
2296:
2259:from 88 to 81 BC.
2245:Cleopatra III
673:Second Nebty name:
295:Second Horus Name:
8922:
8921:
8909:
8908:
8800:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8716:Claudius Gothicus
8610:Severus Alexander
8577:Septimius Severus
8442:
8441:
8240:
8239:
7985:
7984:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7624:Osorkon the Elder
7575:
7574:
7352:
7351:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7246:Nubkheperre Intef
7126:Sekhemre Shedwast
6748:Sehetepkare Intef
6676:Semenkare Nebnuni
6605:
6604:
6452:
6451:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6159:
6158:
6137:Netjerkare Siptah
6059:Neferirkare Kakai
5904:
5903:
5708:
5707:
5478:
5477:
5374:
5373:
4854:Socrates Chrestus
4343:Alexander I Balas
4338:Demetrius I Soter
4298:Antiochus I Soter
4044:Antipater Etesias
3941:
3940:
3934:Succeeded by
3928:Pharaoh of Egypt
3909:Succeeded by
3898:Helenus of Cyrene
3886:Succeeded by
3880:Cleopatra IV
3846:Succeeded by
3832:Helenus of Cyrene
3803:Ptolemaic dynasty
3798:Ptolemy IX Soter
3767:978-0-415-05806-3
3748:978-0-802-02682-8
3710:978-0-340-83173-1
3615:978-1-405-17935-5
3235:Cleopatra II
2981:"Ptolemy IX"
2928:
2927:
2894: 96 BC
2870: 98 BC
2791:Ptolemy of Cyprus
2769:Cleopatra IV
2480:Hasmonean dynasty
2464:Berenice III
2441:Antiochus IX
2353:Cleopatra IV
2338:Ptolemy Memphites
2312:Ptolemy VIII
2308:Cleopatra II
2293:Ptolemy VIII
2277:Berenice III
2267:younger brother,
2264:Ptolemy Memphites
2253:Cleopatra II
2241:Ptolemy VIII
2198:
2197:
2193:Ptolemaic dynasty
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
998:
997:
994:
993:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
932:
931:
926:
925:
922:
921:
841:
840:
837:
836:
807:Third Nebty name:
805:
804:
801:
800:
793:
792:
787:
786:
783:
782:
707:
706:
703:
702:
671:
670:
667:
666:
659:
658:
653:
652:
649:
648:
628:
627:
624:
623:
555:
554:
551:
550:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
486:
485:
478:
477:
474:
473:
385:
384:
381:
380:
330:
329:
326:
325:
293:
292:
289:
288:
276:
275:
268:
267:
264:
263:
166:
165:
162:
161:
52:Ptolemaic Kingdom
8967:
8916:List of pharaohs
8806:
8805:
8571:Pescennius Niger
8459:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8367:Ptolemy IX Soter
8337:Cleopatra I Syra
8257:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7954:
7953:
7945:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7923:
7922:
7674:Djedkhonsuefankh
7592:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7339:
7334:
7319:
7318:
7310:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7288:
7287:
6881:Qareh Khawoserre
6867:Yakbim Sekhaenre
6808:Mersekhemre Ined
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6421:
6420:
6412:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6390:
6389:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5416:
5415:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5378:
5377:
5166:
5082:Ariobarzanes III
4456:Ptolemy Epigonos
4358:Diodotus Tryphon
4151:Cleopatra I Syra
4126:Ptolemy Keraunos
3967:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3917:Preceded by
3896:Preceded by
3866:Pharaoh of Egypt
3856:Preceded by
3829:Preceded by
3819:
3812:
3794:
3793:
3790:by Robert Ritner
3771:
3752:
3733:
3714:
3695:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3641:Bennett, Chris.
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3601:
3595:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3548:
3542:
3532:
3526:
3511:Ioannis Svoronos
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3481:
3475:
3464:Life of Lucullus
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3387:Bennett, Chris.
3384:
3378:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3341:Bennett, Chris.
3338:
3332:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3295:
3289:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3261:"Ptolemy X"
3259:Bennett, Chris.
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3228:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3194:Bennett, Chris.
3191:
3185:
3179:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3123:Bennett, Chris.
3120:
3114:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3079:Bennett, Chris.
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3053:Bennett, Chris.
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3029:House of Ptolemy
3022:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2979:Bennett, Chris.
2976:
2949:
2941:
2895:
2892:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2854:Ptolemy XII
2833:
2832:
2787:Ptolemy XII
2780:Cleopatra Selene
2777:
2774:
2753:Ptolemy XII
2723:. A set of four
2668:Ptolemy XII
2587:Philometor Soter
2538:, and despoiled
2460:Cleopatra Selene
2428:Philometor Soter
2369:
2366:
2357:Ptolemy XII
2247:. He reigned as
2213:Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr
2210:
2209:Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ
2145:
2111:
2109:
2103:Cleopatra Selene
2100:
2098:
2065:
2064:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1929:
1904:
1903:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1002:
987:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:
961:
855:
854:
851:
845:
830:
829:
826:
822:
818:
817:
721:
720:
717:
711:
696:
695:
692:
688:
684:
683:
639:
638:
635:
633:
569:
568:
565:
559:
544:
543:
540:
536:
532:
531:
520:
495:
494:
396:
395:
392:
390:
348:
347:
344:
336:
319:
318:
315:
311:
307:
306:
285:
284:
184:
183:
180:
172:
155:
154:
151:
147:
143:
142:
130:
119:
118:
64:116–107 BC with
31:
22:Ptolemy IX Soter
19:
18:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8925:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8905:
8811:
8788:
8688:Macrianus Minor
8617:Maximinus Thrax
8553:Marcus Aurelius
8452:
8451:
8450:
8438:
8297:Ptolemy I Soter
8283:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8236:
8203:
8175:
8135:
8117:
8097:Psammetichus IV
8067:
7995:
7994:
7993:
7981:
7959:
7950:
7939:
7936:(664 BC–313 AD)
7935:
7934:
7905:
7867:
7844:
7840:Menkheperre Ini
7777:
7700:
7638:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7571:
7508:
7455:
7436:Neferneferuaten
7362:
7361:
7360:
7348:
7347:
7337:
7332:
7331:Pharaohs
7324:
7315:
7304:
7300:
7299:
7270:
7205:
7164:
7091:Sobekhotep VIII
7072:
7004:
6852:
6813:Sewadjkare Hori
6615:
6614:
6613:
6601:
6541:
6515:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6448:
6426:
6417:
6406:
6402:
6401:
6372:
6339:
6299:
6207:Djedkare Shemai
6169:
6168:
6167:
6155:
6093:
6035:
5978:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5900:
5794:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5609:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5474:
5452:
5443:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5410:
5405:
5375:
5370:
5359:
5265:
5256:Mithridates III
5160:
5103:
5102:Monarchs of the
5096:
5077:Ariobarzanes II
5062:Ariarathes VIII
5003:
4989:Mithridates III
4945:
4887:Mithridates III
4858:
4779:
4586:
4514:Greco-Bactrians
4508:
4460:
4437:
4279:
4236:
4121:Ptolemy I Soter
4107:
4053:
4010:
3977:
3971:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3905:
3903:King of Cyprus
3899:
3891:
3889:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3851:
3842:
3834:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3778:
3768:
3749:
3730:
3711:
3672:Ancient Society
3666:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3564:Whitehorne 1994
3562:
3558:
3549:
3545:
3533:
3529:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3482:
3478:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3422:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3389:"Ptolemy Apion"
3385:
3381:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3339:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3298:
3290:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3121:
3117:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3023:
3014:
3006:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2920:Co-regent with
2893:
2869:
2803:Pompeius Trogus
2775:
2741:
2708:
2676:
2664:Ptolemy XI
2659:
2619:
2566:
2561:
2509:
2488:
2436:
2381:
2376:
2367:
2304:Ptolemy VI
2285:
2237:Ptolemaic Egypt
2148:
2140:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2083:
2082:
2062:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2010:
2002:
1979:
1961:
1939:
1935:
1901:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1813:
1768:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1662:
1617:
1594:
1589:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1522:
1477:
1454:
1449:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1380:
1346:
1342:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1238:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1090:
1088:
1070:
1053:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1021:
1016:
973:
971:
967:
913:
908:
899:
894:
889:
878:
867:
865:
859:
816:
812:
808:
806:
766:
761:
741:
733:
731:
725:
682:
678:
674:
672:
613:
608:
606:
604:
599:
593:
578:
576:
530:
526:
492:
465:
463:
461:
450:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
420:
405:
403:
355:
304:
300:
296:
294:
282:
256:
247:
242:
224:
207:
202:
188:
140:
136:
116:
102:
86:
70:
68:
54:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8973:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8825:
8822:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8802:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8784:Maximinus Daza
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8745:
8740:
8733:
8726:
8719:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8691:
8684:
8679:
8672:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8648:
8641:
8634:
8627:
8620:
8613:
8606:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8567:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8543:Antoninus Pius
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8467:
8465:
8456:
8453:(30 BC–313 AD)
8444:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8293:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8265:
8263:
8254:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8217:Artaxerxes III
8213:
8211:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8185:
8183:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8145:
8143:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8127:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8093:
8088:
8086:Petubastis III
8083:
8077:
8075:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8023:
8018:
8010:
8008:
7999:
7987:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7969:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7951:
7948:
7941:
7940:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7770:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7710:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7654:
7648:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7600:
7598:
7589:
7581:3 Intermediate
7577:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7465:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7366:
7363:(1550–1070 BC)
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7316:
7313:
7306:
7305:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7221:
7215:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7182:
7174:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7155:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7096:Neferhotep III
7093:
7088:
7082:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7014:
7012:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6926:Sewadjkare III
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6895:Maaibre Sheshi
6891:
6888:'Ammu Ahotepre
6884:
6877:
6870:
6862:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6798:Merhotepre Ini
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6758:Sobekhotep III
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6630:
6628:
6619:
6616:(1802–1550 BC)
6611:2 Intermediate
6607:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6506:Mentuhotep III
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6477:
6475:
6466:
6463:(2040–1802 BC)
6458:Middle Kingdom
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6408:
6407:
6395:Middle Kingdom
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6358:Neferkare VIII
6355:
6349:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6325:
6323:Nebkaure Khety
6320:
6315:
6313:Meryibre Khety
6309:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6247:Neferkamin Anu
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6173:
6170:(2181–2040 BC)
6165:1 Intermediate
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6103:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6084:Djedkare Isesi
6081:
6079:Menkauhor Kaiu
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5952:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5915:(2686–2181 BC)
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5804:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5722:
5719:(3150–2686 BC)
5714:Early Dynastic
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5693:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5619:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5503:
5501:
5492:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5434:
5433:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5314:Neoptolemus II
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5209:Mithridates II
5206:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5175:Paerisades III
5172:
5167:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5072:Ariobarzanes I
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Ariarathes VII
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5032:Ariarathes III
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4979:Mithridates II
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4882:Mithridates II
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4745:Apollodotus II
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4373:Cleopatra Thea
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3843:117 BC-116 BC
3835:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3824:Regnal titles
3821:
3820:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3776:External links
3774:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3753:
3747:
3734:
3728:
3715:
3709:
3696:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3633:
3621:
3614:
3596:
3580:
3568:
3566:, p. 176.
3556:
3543:
3527:
3503:
3491:
3476:
3453:
3441:
3420:
3405:
3379:
3359:
3333:
3313:
3296:
3277:
3251:
3239:
3223:
3212:
3186:
3169:
3157:
3141:
3115:
3097:
3071:
3045:
3033:
3012:
2997:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:Ptolemy I
2935:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:Ptolemy X
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2805:called him a "
2740:
2737:
2733:Latin language
2707:
2704:
2675:
2672:
2658:
2655:
2653:since 103 BC.
2624:Roman Republic
2618:
2615:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2528:Ptolemais Akko
2508:
2505:
2487:
2484:
2445:Cleopatra Thea
2435:
2432:
2397:Ptolemy X
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2359:in 117 BC and
2300:Ptolemy V
2284:
2281:
2269:Ptolemy X
2231:"), was twice
2196:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:December 81 BC
2182:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1942:
1941:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1005:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
957:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
910:
905:
902:
896:
891:
886:
883:
880:
875:
872:
869:
861:
848:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
803:
802:
799:
798:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
763:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
738:
735:
727:
714:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
669:
668:
665:
664:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
615:
610:
601:
596:
590:
586:
583:
580:
573:
562:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
516:
515:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
467:
458:
455:
452:
447:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
417:
414:
411:
408:
400:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
352:
340:
339:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
291:
290:
287:
286:
279:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
253:
249:
244:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
204:
199:
196:
193:
190:
176:
175:
169:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
126:
125:
117:
114:Royal titulary
112:
111:
108:
107:
96:
92:
91:
76:
72:
71:
62:
56:
55:
46:
43:
42:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8972:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8917:
8912:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8807:
8803:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8753:
8751:
8750:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8738:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8727:
8725:
8724:
8720:
8718:
8717:
8713:
8711:
8710:
8706:
8704:
8703:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8692:
8690:
8689:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8653:
8649:
8647:
8646:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8633:
8632:
8628:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8619:
8618:
8614:
8612:
8611:
8607:
8605:
8604:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8460:
8457:
8449:
8445:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8362:Cleopatra III
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8286:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8258:
8255:
8247:
8243:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8171:
8167:
8165:
8164:Nepherites II
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8138:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8070:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7992:
7988:
7978:
7975:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7955:
7952:
7946:
7942:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7780:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7695:Psusennes III
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7586:(1069–664 BC)
7582:
7578:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7552:Ramesses VIII
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7421:Amenhotep III
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7367:
7359:
7355:
7344:
7341:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7320:
7317:
7311:
7307:
7298:
7294:
7289:
7285:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7261:Seqenenre Tao
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Sobekemsaf II
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7186:Wepwawetemsaf
7183:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6793:Merneferre Ay
6791:
6789:
6788:Wahibre Ibiau
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6773:Sobekhotep IV
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6612:
6608:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6580:Amenemhat III
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6511:Mentuhotep IV
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6501:Mentuhotep II
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6422:
6419:
6413:
6409:
6400:
6396:
6391:
6387:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:Wahkare Khety
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6318:Neferkare VII
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5911:
5907:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:Seth-Peribsen
5863:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5808:Hotepsekhemwy
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5598:Double Falcon
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5489:(pre-3150 BC)
5485:
5484:Protodynastic
5481:
5471:
5468:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5439:
5435:
5426:
5422:
5421:Protodynastic
5417:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Neoptolemus I
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:Mithridates I
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5180:Paerisades IV
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5143:Paerisades II
5141:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Spartokos III
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5067:Ariarathes IX
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Ariarathes VI
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Ariarathes IV
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Ariarathes II
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Antiochus III
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:Mithridates I
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4844:Nicomedes III
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:Demetrius III
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:Antimachus II
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Apollodotus I
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:Eucratides II
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:Euthydemus II
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Ptolemy Apion
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Cleopatra III
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3929:
3923:
3915:
3904:
3894:
3888:Cleopatra III
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3876:Cleopatra III
3870:116 BC–107 BC
3868:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3763:
3760:. Routledge.
3759:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3631:, p. 54.
3630:
3625:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3588:Fletcher 2008
3584:
3578:, p. 92.
3577:
3576:Sullivan 1990
3572:
3565:
3560:
3553:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3237:at Livius.org
3236:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3216:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3010:, p. 203
3009:
3004:
3002:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2819:Günther Hölbl
2816:
2815:Michael Grant
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2570:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:Ptolemy Apion
2402:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2257:Ptolemy Soter
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1311:
1309:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1121:
1119:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1000:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
977:
976:
970:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
951:
936:
934:
916:
911:
906:
903:
897:
892:
887:
884:
881:
876:
873:
870:
862:
857:
856:
853:
852:
846:
843:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:
811:
797:
795:
778:
775:
772:
769:
764:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
739:
736:
728:
723:
722:
719:
718:
712:
709:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
681:
677:
663:
661:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
632:
619:
616:
611:
602:
597:
591:
587:
584:
581:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
560:
557:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
510:
490:
488:
481:
468:
459:
456:
453:
448:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
418:
415:
412:
409:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
389:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
341:
337:
334:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
309:
308:
303:
299:
280:
278:
271:
259:
254:
250:
245:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
205:
200:
197:
194:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
177:
173:
170:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
120:
115:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:Cleopatra III
80:
77:
73:
67:
66:Cleopatra III
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
8940:81 BC deaths
8761:
8754:
8747:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8674:
8667:
8650:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8608:
8601:
8569:
8562:
8548:Lucius Verus
8505:
8406:
8382:Berenice III
8372:Cleopatra IV
8347:Cleopatra II
8279:Alexander IV
8199:Nectanebo II
8168:
8149:Nepherites I
8108:Artaxerxes I
8095:
8025:
8013:
7996:(664–332 BC)
7976:
7932:Roman Period
7834:Shoshenq VII
7832:
7805:
7765:
7746:Shoshenq III
7728:
7693:
7656:
7634:Psusennes II
7547:Ramesses VII
7527:Ramesses III
7411:Amenhotep II
7406:Thutmose III
7342:
7231:Sobekemsaf I
7223:
7198:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7157:
7150:
7055:
7038:
7033:'Aper-'Anati
7031:
7024:
7017:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6962:
6955:
6941:Sekheperenre
6893:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6763:Neferhotep I
6753:Seth Meribre
6730:
6716:Djedkheperew
6633:
6594:
6585:Amenemhat IV
6575:Senusret III
6565:Amenemhat II
6481:Mentuhotep I
6443:
6332:
6292:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6197:Neferkare II
6148:
6141:
6074:Nyuserre Ini
6028:
6011:
5966:
5959:
5947:
5888:
5883:Neferkasokar
5881:
5874:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5787:
5780:
5688:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5631:Finger Snail
5629:
5622:
5602:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5469:
5329:Alexander II
5185:Paerisades V
5148:Spartokos IV
5112:Paerisades I
5087:Ariarathes X
5042:Ariarathes V
5017:Ariarathes I
4999:Antiochus IV
4984:Antiochus II
4916:Pharnaces II
4877:Ariobarzanes
4849:Nicomedes IV
4839:Nicomedes II
4765:Apollophanes
4750:Hippostratos
4665:Heliokles II
4625:Demetrius II
4605:Antimachus I
4567:Eucratides I
4562:Demetrius II
4547:Antimachus I
4532:Euthydemus I
4217:Ptolemy XIII
4192:Berenice III
4039:Antipater II
4006:Alexander IV
3936:Berenice III
3931:88 BC–81 BC
3927:
3922:Berenice III
3902:
3874:
3872:
3864:
3859:Ptolemy VIII
3837:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3757:
3738:
3719:
3700:
3675:
3671:
3664:Bibliography
3650:. Retrieved
3646:
3636:
3629:Bennett 1997
3624:
3605:
3599:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3514:
3506:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3472:Mithridatica
3471:
3463:
3456:
3444:
3415:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:
3382:
3370:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3346:
3336:
3324:
3316:
3268:. Retrieved
3264:
3254:
3242:
3226:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3199:
3189:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3128:
3118:
3108:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3048:
3036:
3028:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
2939:
2908:Berenice III
2828:
2796:
2784:
2766:
2709:
2693:
2677:
2660:
2628:
2620:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2536:River Jordan
2521:
2510:
2489:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2437:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2390:
2348:
2346:
2335:
2324:
2297:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2200:
2199:
1936:
1932:
1343:
1339:
1137:
1133:
968:
964:
954:Golden Horus
813:
809:
679:
675:
527:
523:
301:
297:
137:
133:
104:Berenice III
79:Ptolemy VIII
8652:Gordian III
8597:Diadumenian
8397:Cleopatra V
8251:(332–30 BC)
8246:Hellenistic
8189:Nectanebo I
8081:Cambyses II
8063:Psamtik III
8021:Tefnakht II
7823:Takelot III
7818:Osorkon III
7813:Shoshenq VI
7767:Pedubast II
7751:Shoshenq IV
7724:Shoshenq II
7689:Pinedjem II
7679:Menkheperre
7614:Psusennes I
7567:Ramesses XI
7557:Ramesses IX
7542:Ramesses VI
7532:Ramesses IV
7479:Ramesses II
7441:Tutankhamun
7416:Thutmose IV
7396:Thutmose II
7386:Amenhotep I
7358:New Kingdom
7293:New Kingdom
7152:Senusret IV
7136:Dedumose II
7111:Nebiriau II
7106:Nebiryraw I
7101:Mentuhotepi
6906:Khakherewre
6833:Merkheperre
6743:Imyremeshaw
6726:Sedjefakare
6681:Sehetepibre
6656:Ameny Qemau
6590:Sobekneferu
6570:Senusret II
6555:Amenemhat I
6537:Iyibkhentre
6267:Neferirkare
6262:Neferkauhor
6069:Shepseskare
5910:Old Kingdom
5896:Khasekhemwy
5876:Neferkara I
5845:Weneg-Nebty
5690:Scorpion II
5350:Pyrrhus III
5334:Olympias II
5304:Alexander I
5161: [
5158:Spartokos V
5027:Ariamnes II
4974:Antiochus I
4936:Pythodorida
4892:Pharnaces I
4813:Zipoetes II
4808:Nicomedes I
4725:Artemidoros
4720:Menander II
4660:Antialcidas
4645:Agathokleia
4600:Demetrius I
4592:Indo-Greeks
4582:Heliocles I
4537:Demetrius I
4527:Diodotus II
4504:Eumenes III
4499:Attalus III
4474:Philetaerus
4443:Lysimachids
4255:Berenice II
4222:Ptolemy XIV
4104:(pretender)
4034:Alexander V
4016:Antipatrids
3974:Hellenistic
3652:16 November
3525:, n°22, 23.
3398:12 November
3373:34/35.39a;
3371:Bibliotheca
3352:12 November
3270:12 November
3205:12 November
3134:12 November
3090:11 November
3064:11 November
2990:11 November
2917:April 80 BC
2684:Elephantine
2607:Lower Nubia
2564:Restoration
2217:the Saviour
75:Predecessor
8929:Categories
8769:Diocletian
8723:Quintillus
8676:Aemilianus
8631:Gordian II
8603:Elagabalus
8424:Arsinoe IV
8307:Arsinoe II
8232:Darius III
8159:Psammuthes
8048:Psamtik II
7863:Bakenranef
7801:Pedubast I
7796:Takelot II
7791:Harsiese A
7773:Osorkon IV
7761:Shoshenq V
7741:Osorkon II
7714:Shoshenq I
7684:Smendes II
7664:Pinedjem I
7609:Amenemnisu
7562:Ramesses X
7537:Ramesses V
7489:Amenmesses
7469:Ramesses I
7431:Smenkhkare
7401:Hatshepsut
7391:Thutmose I
7141:Montuemsaf
7131:Dedumose I
6931:Nebdjefare
6921:Merdjefare
6691:Nedjemibre
6686:Sewadjkare
6560:Senusret I
6532:Qakare Ini
6353:Meryhathor
6257:Neferkaure
6252:Qakare Iby
6237:Neferkahor
6222:Neferkamin
6030:Thamphthis
6024:Shepseskaf
5938:Sekhemkhet
5789:Horus Bird
5666:Scorpion I
5340:Pyrrhus II
5319:Alcetas II
5284:Tharrhypas
5251:Gepaepyris
5223:Scribonius
5117:Satyros II
5047:Orophernes
4959:Ptolemaeus
4941:Polemon II
4834:Prusias II
4803:Zipoetes I
4775:Strato III
4700:Theophilos
4680:Philoxenus
4635:Menander I
4615:Agathocles
4557:Agathocles
4522:Diodotus I
4494:Attalus II
4489:Eumenes II
4451:Lysimachus
4059:Antigonids
3906:105-88 BC
3758:Cleopatras
3729:0415201454
3590:, p.
3535:Werner Huß
3499:Hölbl 2001
3437:Hölbl 2001
3418:13.324-364
3309:Hölbl 2001
3292:Hölbl 2001
3182:Hölbl 2001
3041:Hölbl 2001
3008:Hölbl 2001
2956:References
2755:minted at
2688:inundation
2591:Philometor
2476:Hyrcanus I
2409:Alexandria
2327:Horus name
2223:(Λάθυρος,
513:Nebty name
123:Horus name
8901:Ptolemaic
8709:Gallienus
8624:Gordian I
8587:Caracalla
8513:Vespasian
8507:Vitellius
8289:Ptolemaic
8131:Amyrtaeus
8113:Darius II
8058:Ahmose II
8038:Psamtik I
7977:uncertain
7965:Pharaohs
7901:Tanutamun
7736:Takelot I
7719:Osorkon I
7669:Masaharta
7619:Amenemope
7522:Setnakhte
7484:Merneptah
7426:Akhenaten
7343:uncertain
7225:Nebmaatre
7046:Sakir-Har
6999:Yaqub-Har
6911:Nebefawre
6661:Hotepibre
6527:Segerseni
6496:Intef III
6444:uncertain
6432:Pharaohs
6064:Neferefre
5890:Hudjefa I
5771:Semerkhet
5508:Hedju Hor
5470:uncertain
5458:Pharaohs
5324:Pyrrhus I
5289:Alcetas I
5195:Pharnaces
5170:Kamasarye
5153:Leukon II
5137:Hygiainon
5092:Archelaus
4931:Polemon I
4829:Prusias I
4770:Strato II
4760:Zoilos II
4755:Dionysios
4735:Archebius
4705:Peukolaos
4670:Polyxenos
4610:Pantaleon
4552:Pantaleon
4484:Attalus I
4479:Eumenes I
4285:Seleucids
4113:Ptolemies
4102:Philip VI
4049:Sosthenes
4029:Philip IV
4024:Cassander
3991:Philip II
3919:Ptolemy X
3911:Chaereas?
3890:Ptolemy X
3849:Ptolemy X
3692:0066-1619
3523:plate LXI
3449:Pausanias
3329:Pausanias
3165:Pausanias
3105:Pausanias
2811:Pausanias
2545:Phoenicia
2492:Pausanias
2453:Tryphaena
2413:Pausanias
2215:"Ptolemy
2144:(perhaps)
95:Successor
8861:21 to 23
8779:Galerius
8774:Maximian
8763:Numerian
8730:Aurelian
8682:Valerian
8645:Balbinus
8638:Pupienus
8592:Macrinus
8564:Pertinax
8558:Commodus
8523:Domitian
8486:Claudius
8481:Caligula
8476:Tiberius
8471:Augustus
8091:Darius I
8043:Necho II
7886:Shebitku
7858:Tefnakht
7451:Horemheb
7381:Ahmose I
7193:Pantjeny
7179:Senebkay
7159:Pepi III
7121:Bebiankh
6978:Shenshek
6936:Nebsenre
6768:Sihathor
6738:Khendjer
6701:Renseneb
6646:Nerikare
6491:Intef II
6368:Merykare
6273:Wadjkare
6217:Merenhor
6112:Userkare
6019:Menkaure
6013:Bikheris
6002:Djedefre
5968:Qahedjet
5852:Wadjenes
5838:Horus Sa
5831:Nubnefer
5818:Nynetjer
5782:Sneferka
5522:Ni-Neith
5408:Pharaohs
5355:Deidamia
5336:(regent)
5309:Aeacides
5246:Aspurgus
5139:(regent)
5122:Prytanis
4964:Sames II
4820:(regent)
4793:Boteiras
4740:Telephos
4730:Hermaeus
4685:Diomedes
4655:Strato I
4640:Zoilos I
4466:Attalids
4153:(regent)
4092:Philip V
3811:143/2 BC
3489:. 1.2.11
3461:Plutarch
3413:Josephus
3377:39.4.1-2
3367:Diodorus
3327:39.4.1;
2763:in 53 BC
2725:graffiti
2631:Lucullus
2549:Damascus
2501:Pelusium
2291:Coin of
2229:chickpea
2225:Láthuros
2221:Lathyros
2116:Children
2088:Consorts
101:(107 BC)
85:(116 BC)
69:88–81 BC
8756:Carinus
8737:Tacitus
8695:Quietus
8538:Hadrian
8222:Khabash
8053:Wahibre
8033:Necho I
8027:Nekauba
8015:Ammeris
7958:Dynasty
7896:Taharqa
7891:Shabaka
7828:Rudamun
7807:Iuput I
7652:Herihor
7604:Smendes
7504:Twosret
7494:Seti II
7338:female)
7323:Dynasty
7219:Rahotep
7116:Semenre
7086:Djehuti
7068:Khamudi
7057:Yanassi
7040:Salitis
6992:Yakareb
6985:Khamure
6916:Sehebre
6838:Merkare
6486:Intef I
6425:Dynasty
6334:Imhotep
6294:Iytjenu
6280:Khuiqer
6192:Menkare
6143:Neferka
6127:Pepi II
6049:Userkaf
5943:Sanakht
5766:Anedjib
5746:Hor-Aha
5679:Iry-Hor
5673:Shendjw
5645:Pen-Abu
5529:Hat-Hor
5451:Dynasty
5345:Ptolemy
5299:Arybbas
5279:Admetus
5261:Cotys I
5241:Polemon
5236:Polemon
5232:Dynamis
5227:Dynamis
5218:Dynamis
5214:Asander
5204:Dynamis
5200:Asander
5127:Eumelos
4926:Arsaces
4901:Laodice
4824:Ziaelas
4818:Etazeta
4695:Epander
4690:Amyntas
4097:Perseus
3983:Argeads
3550:Justin
3107:1.9.1;
3031:, 1923)
2889:116 or
2883:Ptolemy
2865:117 or
2749:drachms
2583:Memphis
2532:Galilee
2478:of the
2424:papyrus
2361:Ptolemy
2189:Dynasty
106:(81 BC)
90:(88 BC)
50:of the
40:Pharaoh
8896:Argead
8743:Probus
8663:Decius
8658:Philip
8533:Trajan
8261:Argead
8170:Muthis
8123:XXVIII
8103:Xerxes
7971:female
7949:Period
7658:Piankh
7629:Siamun
7499:Siptah
7474:Seti I
7314:Period
7266:Kamose
7200:Snaaib
7170:Abydos
7026:Semqen
7019:Sharek
6971:Sheneh
6951:'Apepi
6946:Bebnum
6901:Nehesy
6721:Sebkay
6641:Sonbef
6438:female
6416:Period
6227:Nikare
6117:Pepi I
6054:Sahure
6007:Khafre
5992:Snefru
5961:Sedjes
5933:Djoser
5859:Senedj
5737:Narmer
5696:Narmer
5578:Wazner
5543:Hsekiu
5515:Ny-Hor
5464:female
5442:Period
4921:Darius
4715:Nicias
4710:Thraso
4650:Lysias
3976:rulers
3814:
3764:
3745:
3726:
3707:
3690:
3612:
3519:p. 302
3484:Cicero
3468:Appian
3375:Justin
3249:39.3.2
3247:Justin
3155:39.3.1
3149:Justin
2848:Notes
2807:nothos
2799:Cicero
2761:Cyprus
2757:Paphos
2729:Philae
2716:Fayyum
2674:Regime
2605:, but
2603:Philae
2599:Thebes
2540:Judaea
2513:Cyprus
2496:eunuch
2401:Cyrene
2393:Justin
2316:Cyrene
2310:, and
2273:Judaea
2163:Mother
2153:Father
8749:Carus
8528:Nerva
8518:Titus
8496:Galba
8463:XXXIV
8448:Roman
8227:Arses
8154:Hakor
8073:XXVII
7783:XXIII
7373:XVIII
7333:(male
7063:Apepi
7051:Khyan
6964:Wazad
6732:Wegaf
6666:Iufni
6520:Nubia
6328:Setut
6150:Nefer
5997:Khufu
5955:Khaba
5949:Nebka
5813:Nebra
5741:Menes
5700:Menes
5652:Stork
5615:Upper
5571:Neheb
5564:Thesh
5550:Khayu
5499:Lower
5234:with
5216:with
5202:with
5165:]
4899:with
4572:Plato
4250:Magas
3873:with
3818:81 BC
3816:Died:
3809:Born:
3466:2-3;
3451:1.9.3
3331:1.9.2
3167:1.9.1
2931:Notes
2899:58 BC
2845:Death
2842:Birth
2839:Image
2771:from
2747:Rare
2712:Roman
2643:Sulla
2611:Meroe
2205:Greek
1922:Nomen
60:Reign
8582:Geta
8501:Otho
8491:Nero
8209:XXXI
8194:Teos
8141:XXIX
8006:XXVI
7991:Late
7968:male
7928:Late
7881:Piye
7850:XXIV
7756:Pami
7706:XXII
7295:and
7211:XVII
6957:Nuya
6626:XIII
6435:male
6397:and
6287:Khui
6184:VIII
6107:Teti
6089:Unas
5974:Huni
5776:Qa'a
5756:Djet
5751:Djer
5659:Bull
5638:Fish
5604:Wash
5585:Mekh
5461:male
3878:and
3762:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3724:ISBN
3705:ISBN
3688:ISSN
3654:2019
3610:ISBN
3554:39.4
3400:2019
3354:2019
3272:2019
3233:and
3207:2019
3136:2019
3110:OGIS
3092:2019
3066:2019
2992:2019
2836:Name
2789:and
2700:Edfu
2680:Nile
2553:Gaza
2331:Apis
2243:and
2233:King
2181:Died
2173:Born
81:and
48:King
8181:XXX
7930:to
7873:XXV
7596:XXI
7461:XIX
7078:XVI
6858:XIV
6706:Hor
6547:XII
6180:VII
5925:III
5761:Den
5557:Tiu
5423:to
4798:Bas
3680:doi
3592:353
3113:143
2751:of
2727:at
2682:to
2651:Cos
2235:of
8931::
8891:31
8886:30
8881:27
8876:26
8871:25
8866:24
8856:20
8851:19
8846:18
8841:12
8836:11
7514:XX
7446:Ay
7010:XV
6473:XI
6305:IX
6099:VI
5984:IV
5824:Ba
5800:II
5739:/
5698:/
5684:Ka
5536:Pu
5163:ru
3686:.
3676:28
3674:.
3645:.
3537:,
3513:,
3487:Ac
3474:33
3470:,
3423:^
3391:.
3369:,
3345:.
3323:,
3299:^
3280:^
3263:.
3198:.
3172:^
3151:,
3127:.
3083:.
3057:.
3015:^
3000:^
2983:.
2963:^
2891:c.
2867:c.
2773:c.
2759:,
2710:A
2702:.
2482:.
2370:.
2365:c.
2306:,
2211:,
2207::
2108:m.
2097:m.
8831:4
8827:3
8824:2
8820:1
6345:X
6182:/
6041:V
5729:I
5624:A
5592:A
5400:e
5393:t
5386:v
3966:e
3959:t
3952:v
3770:.
3751:.
3732:.
3713:.
3694:.
3682::
3656:.
3618:.
3594:.
3402:.
3356:.
3274:.
3209:.
3138:.
3094:.
3068:.
2994:.
2896:?
2576:.
2227:"
2203:(
2106:(
2095:(
1550:1
1218:?
220:?
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