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stated and approved mission; Use and interpret objects or a site for the public presentation of regularly scheduled programs and exhibits; Have a formal and appropriate program of documentation, care, and use of collections or objects; Carry out the above functions primarily at a physical facility or site; Have been open to the public for at least two years; Be open to the public at least 1,000 hours a year; Have accessioned 80 percent of its permanent collection; Have at least one paid professional staff with museum knowledge and experience; Have a full-time director to whom authority is delegated for day-to-day operations; Have the financial resources sufficient to operate effectively; Demonstrate that it meets the Core
Standards for Museums; Successfully complete the Core Documents Verification Program".
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860:â The board governs the museum and is responsible for ensuring the museum is financially and ethically sound. They set standards and policies for the museum. Board members are often involved in fundraising aspects of the museum and represent the institution. Some museums use the terms "directors" and "trustees" interchangeably but both are different legal instruments. A board of directors governs a nonprofit corporation, a board of trustees is responsible for governing a charitable trust, foundation, or endowment. In the case of small museums and all volunteer museums, a board may be more hands-on in the day-to-day operations of the museum.
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century with its emphasis on inclusiveness. One pioneering way museums are attempting to make their collections more accessible is with open storage. Most of a museum's collection is typically locked away in a secure location to be preserved, but the result is most people never get to see the vast majority of collections. The
Brooklyn Museum's Luce Center for American Art practices this open storage where the public can view items not on display, albeit with minimal interpretation. The practice of open storage is all part of an ongoing debate in the museum field of the role objects play and how accessible they should be.
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also developed their own natural history collections to support the education of their students. By the last quarter of the 19th century, scientific research in universities was shifting toward biological research on a cellular level, and cutting-edge research moved from museums to university laboratories. While many large museums, such as the
Smithsonian Institution, are still respected as research centers, research is no longer a main purpose of most museums. While there is an ongoing debate about the purposes of interpretation of a museum's collection, there has been a consistent mission to protect and preserve
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successful, as happened in Bilbao, others continue especially if a museum struggles to attract visitors. The
Taubman Museum of Art is an example of an expensive museum (eventually $ 66 million) that attained little success and continues to have a low endowment for its size. Some museum activists see this method of museum use as a deeply flawed model for such institutions. Steven Conn, one such museum proponent, believes that "to ask museums to solve our political and economic problems is to set them up for inevitable failure and to set us (the visitor) up for inevitable disappointment."
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622:, whose collection policy of gathering as many objects and facts about them was "encyclopedic" in nature, reminiscent of that of Pliny, the Roman philosopher and naturalist. The idea was to consume and collect as much knowledge as possible, to put everything they collected and everything they knew in these displays. In time, however, museum philosophy would change and the encyclopedic nature of information that was so enjoyed by Aldrovandi and his cohorts would be dismissed as well as "the museums that contained this knowledge". The 18th-century scholars of the
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objects and displaying them. Many of the items in these collections were new discoveries and these collectors or naturalists, since many of these people held interest in natural sciences, were eager to obtain them. By putting their collections in a museum and on display, they not only got to show their fantastic finds but also used the museum as a way to sort and "manage the empirical explosion of materials that wider dissemination of ancient texts, increased travel, voyages of discovery, and more systematic forms of communication and exchange had produced".
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459:'s definition: "A museum is a non-profit, permanent establishment, that does not exist primarily for the purpose of conducting temporary exhibitions and that is open to the public during regular hours and administered in the public interest for the purpose of conserving, preserving, studying, interpreting, assembling and exhibiting to the public for the instruction and enjoyment of the public, objects and specimens or educational and cultural value including artistic, scientific, historical and technological material."
452:' current definition of a museum (adopted in 2022): "A museum is a not-for-profit, permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to the public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and sustainability. They operate and communicate ethically, professionally and with the participation of communities, offering varied experiences for education, enjoyment, reflection and knowledge sharing."
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amassing buildings" or "courtyards of treasures" or "painting pavilions" or "curio stores" or "halls of military feats" or "gardens of everything". Japan first encountered
Western museum institutions when it participated in Europe's World's Fairs in the 1860s. The British Museum was described by one of their delegates as a 'hakubutsukan', a 'house of extensive things' â this would eventually become accepted as the equivalent word for 'museum' in Japan and China.
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915:â Museum educators are responsible for educating museum audiences. Their duties can include designing tours and public programs for children and adults, teacher training, developing classroom and continuing education resources, community outreach, and volunteer management. Educators not only work with the public, but also collaborate with other museum staff on exhibition and program development to ensure that exhibits are audience-friendly.
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maladministered manner" and that the organization will "definitely fight to the end to protect the rights of employees." Fired senior curator Maia
Pataridze said the new management mentioned her social media posts criticizing the government. Among those fired was union chair, Nikoloz Tsikaridze, a senior researcher and archaeologist who associated the discharging of himself and other museum staff was for forming a union, and said that
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different ways under multiple perspectives. Museums can vary based on size, from large institutions, to very small institutions focusing on specific subjects, such as a specific location, a notable person, or a given period of time. Museums also can be based on the main source of funding: central or federal government, provinces, regions, universities; towns and communities; other subsidised; nonsubsidised and private.
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481:: "Museum means a public, tribal, or private nonprofit institution which is organized on a permanent basis for essentially educational, cultural heritage, or aesthetic purposes and which, using a professional staff: Owns or uses tangible objects, either animate or inanimate; Cares for these objects; and Exhibits them to the general public on a regular basis" (Museum Services Act 1976).
1081:"The new museum ... does not build on an educational superstition. It examines its community's life first, and then straightway bends its energies to supplying some the material which that community needs, and to making that material's presence widely known, and to presenting it in such a way as to secure it for the maximum of use and the maximum efficiency of that use."
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called "The Museum Period" or "The Museum Age"). While many
American museums, both natural history museums and art museums alike, were founded with the intention of focusing on the scientific discoveries and artistic developments in North America, many moved to emulate their European counterparts in certain ways (including the development of Classical collections from ancient
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negotiated would provide a wage increase, protection against termination without cause, and direct access to trustees and policy-making processes at the museum. While there was some interest from workers at other museums at the time, for the next fifty years there was little change in museums adding union representation of their professional employees.
416:, in England opened the council room to the general public to create an interactive environment for visitors. Rather than allowing visitors to handle 500-year-old objects, however, the museum created replicas, as well as replica costumes. The daily activities, historic clothing, and even temperature changes immerse the visitor in an impression of what
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visited the museum in 2015, indicating it appeared to have paid off for the local government despite local backlash; key to this is the large demographic of foreign visitors to the museum, with 63% of the visitors residing outside of Spain and thus feeding foreign investment straight into Bilbao. A similar project to that undertaken in Bilbao was the
974:, terrorist attacks or other emergencies. To this end, an internationally important aspect is a strong bundling of existing resources and the networking of existing specialist competencies in order to prevent any loss or damage to cultural property or to keep damage as low as possible. International partner for museums is
909:â Registrars are the primary record keepers of the collection. They ensure that objects are properly accessioned, documented, insured, and, when appropriate, loaned. Ethical and legal issues related to the collection are dealt with by registrars. Along with collections managers, they uphold the museum's collections policy.
1486:. The size of a museum's collection typically determines the museum's size, whereas its collection reflects the type of museum it is. Many museums normally display a "permanent collection" of important selected objects in its area of specialization, and may periodically display "special collections" on a temporary basis.
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The past few years has seen a unionizing movement. US museums workers have initiated dialogs about labor and collective organizing in the cultural sector. In 2019 the workers in multiple museums voted to form unions with more protesting to press for a fair contract and against unfair labor practices.
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A global movement for the decolonization of museums has been gaining momentum since the late 20th century. Proponents of this movement argue that "museums are a box of things" and do not represent complete stories; instead they show biased narratives based on ideologies, in which certain stories are
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Corporations are legal entities and may acquire property in a way similar to how an individual can own property. Museums under incorporation are usually organized by a community or group of individuals. While a board of director's loyalty is to the corporation, a board of trustee's loyalty has to be
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observed that the reduction in objects has pushed museums to grow from institutions that artlessly showcased their many artifacts (in the style of early cabinets of curiosity) to instead "thinning out" the objects presented "for a general view of any given subject or period, and to put the rest away
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In terms of modern museums, interpretive museums, as opposed to art museums, have missions reflecting curatorial guidance through the subject matter which now include content in the form of images, audio and visual effects, and interactive exhibits. Museum creation begins with a museum plan, created
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visitors to Europe were fascinated by the museums they saw there, but had cultural difficulties in grasping their purpose and finding an equivalent
Chinese or Japanese term for them. Chinese visitors in the early 19th century named these museums based on what they contained, so defined them as "bone
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Public access to these museums was often possible for the "respectable", especially to private art collections, but at the whim of the owner and his staff. One way that elite men during this time period gained a higher social status in the world of elites was by becoming a collector of these curious
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or local history organizations. Generally speaking, museums collect objects of significance that comply with their mission statement for conservation and display. Apart from questions of provenance and conservation, museums take into consideration the former use and status of an object. Religious or
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In the late 19th century, museums of natural history exemplified the scientific drive for classifying life and interpreting the world. Their purpose was to gather examples from each field of knowledge for research and display. Concurrently, as
American colleges expanded during the 19th century, they
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of the public. To city leaders, an active museum community can be seen as a gauge of the cultural or economic health of a city, and a way to increase the sophistication of its inhabitants. To museum professionals, a museum might be seen as a way to educate the public about the museum's mission, such
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There is no definitive standard as to the set types of museums. Additionally, the museum landscape has become so varied, that it may not be sufficient to use traditional categories to comprehend fully the vast variety existing throughout the world. However, it may be useful to categorize museums in
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staff for graphic and environmental design projects, including exhibitions. In addition to traditional 2-D and 3-D designers and architects, these staff departments may include audio-visual specialists, software designers, audience research, evaluation specialists, writers, editors, and preparators
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The roles associated with the management of a museum largely depend on the size of the institution. Together, the Board and the
Director establish a system of governance that is guided by policies that set standards for the institution. Documents that set these standards include an institutional or
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in a series of books in the early 20th century so that other museum founders could plan their museums. Dana suggested that potential founders of museums should form a committee first, and reach out to the community for input as to what the museum should supply or do for the community. According to
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it is not clear if the museum was in a different building from the library or was part of the library complex. While little was known about the museum it was an inspiration for museums during the early Renaissance period. The royal palaces also functioned as a kind of museum outfitted with art and
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40 employees were fired May 2022 as part of a restructuring. The newly formed union, the Georgian Trade Union of Science, Education, and Culture Workers said in a statement they said the employees were fired illegally and the reorganization was "carried out by the employer in an untransparent and
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The design of museums has evolved throughout history. However, museum planning involves planning the actual mission of the museum along with planning the space that the collection of the museum will be housed in. Intentional museum planning has its beginnings with the museum founder and librarian
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Director â The director is the face of the museum to the professional and public community. They communicate closely with the board to guide and govern the museum. They work with the staff to ensure the museum runs smoothly. According to museum professionals Hugh H. Genoways and Lynne M. Ireland,
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has suggested the development of more modern 19th-century museums was part of new strategies by Western governments to produce a citizenry that, rather than be directed by coercive or external forces, monitored and regulated its own conduct. To incorporate the masses in this strategy, the private
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American museums eventually joined European museums as the world's leading centers for the production of new knowledge in their fields of interest. A period of intense museum building, in both an intellectual and physical sense was realized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (this is often
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favored education over the preservation of their objects. They displayed objects as well as their functions. One exhibit featured a historical printing press that a staff member used for visitors to create museum memorabilia. Some museums seek to reach a wide audience, such as a national or state
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in ageing documents, artifacts, artworks, and buildings. All museums display objects that are important to a culture. As historian Steven Conn writes, "To see the thing itself, with one's own eyes and in a public place, surrounded by other people having some version of the same experience, can be
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opened to the public in 1759, it was a concern that large crowds could damage the artifacts. Prospective visitors to the British Museum had to apply in writing for admission, and small groups were allowed into the galleries each day. The British Museum became increasingly popular during the 19th
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In 1971 administrative staff at New York's Museum of Modern Art formed the organization "Professional and Staff Association of the Museum of Modern Art" (PASTA), the first union of professional employees, as opposed to maintenance and service people, at a privatelyâfinanced museum. The contract
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Museums are facing funding shortages. Funding for museums comes from four major categories, and as of 2009 the breakdown for the United States is as follows: Government support (at all levels) 24.4%, private (charitable) giving 36.5%, earned income 27.6%, and investment income 11.5%. Government
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in a move by the Basque regional government to revitalize the dilapidated old port area of that city. The Basque government agreed to pay $ 100 million for the construction of the museum, a price tag that caused many Bilbaoans to protest against the project. Nonetheless, over 1.1 million people
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Questions of accessibility continue to the present day. Many museums strive to make their buildings, programming, ideas, and collections more publicly accessible than in the past. Not every museum is participating in this trend, but that seems to be the trajectory of museums in the twenty-first
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does not have such a definition, their list of accreditation criteria to participate in their Accreditation Program states a museum must: "Be a legally organized nonprofit institution or part of a nonprofit organization or government entity; Be essentially educational in nature; Have a formally
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Private museums are organized by individuals and managed by a board and museum officers, but public museums are created and managed by federal, state, or local governments. A government can charter a museum through legislative action but the museum can still be private as it is not part of the
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Ancient Greeks and Romans collected and displayed art and objects but perceived museums differently from modern-day views. In the classical period, the museums were the temples and their precincts which housed collections of votive offerings. Paintings and sculptures were displayed in gardens,
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Museums being used as a cultural economic driver by city and local governments has proven to be controversial among museum activists and local populations alike. Public protests have occurred in numerous cities which have tried to employ museums in this way. While most subside if a museum is
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The way that museums are planned and designed vary according to what collections they house, but overall, they adhere to planning a space that is easily accessed by the public and easily displays the chosen artifacts. These elements of planning have their roots with John Cotton Dana, who was
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The nonprofit museum has a fiduciary responsibility in regards to the public, in essence the museum holds its collections and administers it for the benefit of the public. Collections of for-profit museums are legally corporate assets the museum administers for the benefit of the owners or
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for an exhibit, determining the most effective, engaging and appropriate methods of communicating a message or telling a story. The process will often mirror the architectural process or schedule, moving from conceptual plan, through schematic design, design development, contract document,
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Nonprofit means that an organization is classified as a charitable corporation and is exempt from paying most taxes and the money the organization earns is invested in the organization itself. Money made by a private, for-profit museum is paid to the museum's owners or shareholders.
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Museums are laid out in a specific way for a specific reason and each person who enters the doors of a museum will see its collection completely differently to the person behind them- this is what makes museums fascinating because they are represented differently to each individual.
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intentionally disregarded. Through this, people are encouraging others to consider this missing perspective, when looking at museum collections, as every object viewed in such environments was placed by an individual to represent a certain viewpoint, be it historical or cultural.
892:â Curators are the intellectual drivers behind exhibits. They research the museum's collection and topic of focus, develop exhibition themes, and publish their research aimed at either a public or academic audience. Larger museums have curators in a variety of areas. For example,
1236:, the largest museum funder in the United States, decreased by 19.586 million between 2011 and 2015, adjusted for inflation. The average spent per visitor in an art museum in 2016 was $ 8 between admissions, store and restaurant, where the average expense per visitor was $ 55.
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Felwine Sarr, Bénédicte Savoy: "Rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain. Vers une nouvelle éthique relationnelle". Paris 2018; "The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics" (Download French original and English version, pdf,
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As well as an argument for the decolonization of museums, there is also the push by some to represent, in both exhibitions and new museums, the marginalized communities within a culture or society. One example of this is the work of archivist and diverse heritage specialist
864:"Administration of the organization requires skill in conflict management, interpersonal relations, budget management and monitoring, and staff supervision and evaluation. Managers must also set legal and ethical standards and maintain involvement in the museum profession."
1240:, which fall into the private giving category, can be a good source of funding to make up the funding gap. The amount corporations currently give to museums accounts for just 5% of total funding. Corporate giving to the arts, however, was set to increase by 3.3% in 2017.
816:(NAGPRA), which required federal agencies and federally funded institutions to repatriate Native American "cultural items" to culturally affiliate tribes and groups. Similarly, many European museum collections often contain objects and cultural artifacts acquired through
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Blue Shield has conducted extensive missions to protect museums and cultural assets in armed conflict, such as 2011 in Egypt and Libya, 2013 in Syria and 2014 in Mali and Iraq. During these operations, the looting of the collection is to be prevented in particular.
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In the United States, labor unrest within the arts and cultural sector go back at least nearly a century to 1933 when a New York-based collective of artists eventually known as the Artist's Union used collective bargaining for state relief for unemployed artists.
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In recent years, some cities have turned to museums as an avenue for economic development or rejuvenation. This is particularly true in the case of postindustrial cities. Examples of museums fulfilling these economic roles exist around the world. For example, the
1187:'s maiden voyage in 2012. Initially expecting modest visitor numbers of 425,000 annually, first year visitor numbers reached over 800,000, with almost 60% coming from outside Northern Ireland. In the United States, similar projects include the 81,000 square foot
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A trust is a legal instrument where trustees manage the trust's assets for the benefit of the museum following the specific wishes of the donor. This provides tax benefits for the donor, and also allows the donor to have control over how assets are distributed.
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conquered the great cities of Europe, confiscating art objects as he went, the collections grew and the organizational task became more and more complicated. After Napoleon was defeated in 1815, many of the treasures he had amassed were gradually
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Major professional organizations from around the world offer some definitions as to what constitutes a museum, and their purpose. Common themes in all the definitions are public good and the care, preservation, and interpretation of collections.
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in accordance with the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property from 1954 and its 2nd Protocol from 1999. For legal reasons, there are many international collaborations between museums, and the local Blue Shield organizations.
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Various positions within the museum carry out the policies established by the Board and the Director. All museum employees should work together toward the museum's institutional goal. Here is a list of positions commonly found at museums:
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has a Curator of Transportation, a Curator of Public Life, a Curator of Decorative Arts, etc. Many art museums have curators dedicated to specific historical periods and geographic regions, such as American art and modern or contemporary
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museums now, as they have been progressively replaced by interactive technology. As educational programming has grown in museums, mass collections of objects have receded in importance. This is not necessarily a negative development;
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space of museums that previously had been restricted and socially exclusive were made public. As such, objects and artifacts, particularly those related to high culture, became instruments for these "new tasks of social management".
466:'s definition: "Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artifacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society."
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sculptures, which were taken from Greece by Lord Elgin in 1805. Successive Greek governments have unsuccessfully petitioned for the return of the Parthenon marbles. Another example among many others is the so-called
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forums, theaters, and bathhouses. In the ancient past there was little differentiation between libraries and museums with both occupying the building and were frequently connected to a temple or royal palace. The
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in archive-storage-rooms, where they could be consulted by students, the only people who really needed to see them". This phenomenon of disappearing objects is especially present in science museums like the
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process. The process involves identifying the museum's vision and the resources, organization and experiences needed to realize this vision. A feasibility study, analysis of comparable facilities, and an
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Barbieri, Loris; Fuoco, Fabrizio; Bruno, Fabio; Muzzupappa, Maurizio (2022). "Exhibit supports for sandstone artifacts designed through topology optimization and additive manufacturing techniques".
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Professor Eric Kilgerman, "While a museum in which a particular narrative unfolds within its halls is diachronic, those museums that limit their space to a single experience are called synchronic."
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1391:, author Elaine Heumann Gurian proposes that there are five categories of museums based on intention and not content: object centered, narrative, client centered, community centered, and national.
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Some museum scholars have even begun to question whether museums truly need artifacts at all. Historian Steven Conn provocatively asks this question, suggesting that there are fewer objects in
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saw their ideas of the museum as superior and based their natural history museums on "organization and taxonomy" rather than displaying everything in any order after the style of Aldrovandi.
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903:â Collections managers are primarily responsible for the hands-on care, movement, and storage of objects. They are responsible for the accessibility of collections and collections policy.
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The late twentieth century witnessed intense debate concerning the repatriation of religious, ethnic, and cultural artifacts housed in museum collections. In the United States, several
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927:â Conservators focus on object restoration. More than preserving the object in its present state, they seek to stabilize and repair artifacts to the condition of an earlier era.
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and the preservation of rare items. Museums originated as private collections of interesting items, and not until much later did the emphasis on educating the public take root.
703:, which enabled for the first time free access to the former French royal collections for people of all stations and status. The fabulous art treasures collected by the French
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objects from conquered territories and gifts from ambassadors from other kingdoms allowing the ruler to display the amassed collections to guests and to visiting dignitaries.
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921:â Exhibit designers are in charge of the layout and physical installation of exhibits. They create a conceptual design and then bring it to fruition in the physical space.
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719:(National Museum of Arts's Conservatory) was charged with organizing the Louvre as a national public museum and the centerpiece of a planned national museum system. As
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Although most museums do not allow physical contact with the associated artifacts, there are some that are interactive and encourage a more hands-on approach. In 2009,
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culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private collections that are used by
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Increasingly museums have responded to the ongoing climate crisis through enacting sustainable museum practices, and exhibitions highlighting the issues surrounding
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At smaller museums, staff members often fulfill multiple roles. Some of these positions are excluded entirely or may be carried out by a contractor when necessary.
728:(and many were not). His plan was never fully realized, but his concept of a museum as an agent of nationalistic fervor had a profound influence throughout Europe.
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ever seen in Europe; but by 1755 the stuffed dodo was so moth-eaten that it was destroyed, except for its head and one claw. The museum opened on 24 May 1683, with
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perturbed at the historical placement of museums outside of cities, and in areas that were not easily accessed by the public, in gloomy European style buildings.
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or art handlers. These staff specialists may also be charged with supervising contract design or production services. The exhibit design process builds on the
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793:. Nevertheless, museums to this day contribute new knowledge to their fields and continue to build collections that are useful for both research and display.
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tribes and advocacy groups have lobbied extensively for the repatriation of sacred objects and the reburial of human remains. In 1990, Congress passed the
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The purpose of modern museums is to collect, preserve, interpret, and display objects of artistic, cultural, or scientific significance for the study and
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661:. The collection included antique coins, books, engravings, geological specimens, and zoological specimensâone of which was the stuffed body of the last
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824:. Some historians and scholars have criticized the British Museum for its possession of rare antiquities from Egypt, Greece, and the Middle East.
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Swann, Marjorie (2001), Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
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Early museums began as the private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of art and rare or curious natural objects and
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is a prominent example regarding the decolonization of museums and other collections in France and the claims of African countries to regain
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Museum purposes vary from institution to institution. Some favor education over conservation, or vice versa. For example, in the 1970s, the
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Some museum experiences have very few or no artifacts and do not necessarily call themselves museums, and their mission reflects this; the
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Archive Processing rooms provide a space for archivists to arrange and describe archival materials to make them accessible to researchers.
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4565:"The Museum and Museum Specialists: Problems of Professional Education, Proceedings of the International Conference, 14â15 November 2014"
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The first "public" museums were often accessible only for the middle and upper classes. It could be difficult to gain entrance. When the
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During that year over 3,000 cultural workers anonymously started to share their salaries online through a pay transparency spreadsheet.
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521:. Notably, a clay drum labelâwritten in three languagesâwas found at the site, referencing the history and discovery of a museum item.
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A cross-cultural perspective on musealization: the museum's reception by China and Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century
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A cross-cultural perspective on musealization: the museum's reception by China and Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century
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fabrication, and installation. Museums of all sizes may also contract the outside services of exhibit fabrication businesses.
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to be open to the public and is considered by some to be the first modern public museum. The collection included that of
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541:(r. 285–246 BCE), was the first zoological park. At first used by Philadelphus in an attempt to domesticate
222:
71:
39:
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The following is a list to give an idea of the major museum types. While comprehensive, it is not a definitive list.
477:
Additionally, there is a legal definition of museum in United States legislation authorizing the establishment of the
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4378:
2633:
3870:"Museum Workers Across the Country Are Unionizing. Here's What's Driving a Movement That's Been Years in the Making"
2581:
1842:
has increased in society, museums have needed to respond to these changes in the facilities that they offer online.
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1918:
1718:
725:
449:
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century, amongst all age groups and social classes who visited the British Museum, especially on public holidays.
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for use in war, the elephants were also used for show along with a menagerie of other animals specimens including
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4137:
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1233:
192:
3104:
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which he had collected himself, including objects he had acquired from the gardeners, travellers and collectors
5826:
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1653:
loyal to the intention of the trust. The ramification is that a trust is far less flexible than a corporation.
1220:
1050:
4333:
National Museums and Nation-Building in Europe 1750â2010âŻ: Mobilization and Legitimacy, Continuity and Change.
4195:
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government. The distinction regulates the ownership and legal accountability for the care of the collections.
849:(AAM) has also formulated a series of standards and best practices that help guide the management of museums.
88:
5169:
5099:
5056:
4808:
4768:
2076:
Steven Conn, "Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876â1926", 1998, The University of Chicago Press, 262.
1963:
17:
3667:"The battle at the British Museum for a 'stolen' shield that could tell the story of Captain Cook's landing"
3523:
Ginsburgh, Victor; Mairesse, François (1997). "Defining a Museum: Suggestions for an Alternative Approach".
2067:
Steven Conn, "Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876â1926", 1998, The University of Chicago Press, 65.
1754:
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5104:
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1855:
in Nottingham, England. Gregory has set up the Black Miner's Museum and has curated an exhibition entitled
1365:
1114:
1016:
Museum textile storage includes rolled storage racks, hanging wardrobe and garments shelving, and cabinets.
900:
846:
470:
456:
254:
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1913:
1743:
1667:
658:
611:. These contemporary museums first emerged in western Europe, then spread into other parts of the world.
495:
261:
4040:"State-Run Museums in Georgia Abruptly Fired 40 Employees, Allegedly in Retribution for Forming a Union"
2521:
379:
for future generations. Much care, expertise, and expense is invested in preservation efforts to retard
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Museums can also be categorized into major groups by the type of collections they display, to include:
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American Association of Museums, "The Accreditation Commission's Expectations Regarding Governance."
2142:
1887:
1224:
979:
654:
1337:
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4602:
1907:
1739:
1157:
796:
367:. Museums are, above all, storehouses of knowledge. In 1829, James Smithson's bequest funding the
4303:
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2128:
Lipschomb, Suzannah, "Historical Authenticity and Interpretive Strategy at Hampton Court Palace",
731:
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5678:
5124:
5016:
4818:
4758:
4683:
3140:
Smyth, Jamie (16 June 2013). "Northern Ireland Focus: Titanic Success Raises Hopes For Tourism".
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museums which interpret the way its subject matter existed at a certain point in time (e.g., the
1360:
museums which interpret the way its subject matter has developed and evolved through time (e.g.,
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became the primary centers for innovative research in the United States well before the start of
538:
402:
371:
stated that he wanted to establish an institution "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge".
368:
343:
242:
137:
62:
32:
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The whole Picture: the colonial story of the art in our museums and why we need to talk about it
931:
Other positions commonly found at museums include: building operator, public programming staff,
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5011:
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4693:
3869:
1691:
608:
604:
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2836:"The Quest for Excellence: Small museums really do have the resources to pursue accreditation"
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5708:
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1783:. The Marciano Foundation released a statement a month later that the closure was permanent.
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1177:, incidentally for the same price as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and by the same architect,
1099:
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530:
507:
413:
393:
3943:"Marciano Art Foundation announces it won't reopen in wake of layoffs following union drive"
2559:
2264:"The story behind the world's oldest museum, built by a Babylonian princess 2,500 years ago"
868:
5149:
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5006:
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3354:
Grantmakers in the Arts, GIA Reader, vol. 26, no. 3, Fall 2015.. Accessed 26 February 2017.
1534:
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924:
801:
646:
623:
428:
409:
2999:
Dana, John Cotton. The Gloom of the Museum. (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 12.
1040:
In museums, paintings, framed and unframed, are normally hung on sliding or fixed racking.
8:
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1471:
918:
463:
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1984:
Findlen, Paula (1989). "The Museum: its classical etymology and renaissance genealogy".
314:
of the arts), and hence was a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the
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2012:
1702:
906:
857:
253:, and many attract large numbers of visitors from outside their host country, with the
250:
108:
3536:
2675:
Gulliford, Andrew (1992). "Curation and Repatriation of Sacred and Tribal Artifacts".
2099:
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is believed to be one of the earliest museums in the world. While it connected to the
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4130:"Union vows to fight "unlawful mass dismissal" of Georgian National Museum employees"
4070:"Georgia Museums Respond to Unionization Push by Brazenly Firing Dozens of Employees"
3980:
3976:"What's next for nonprofit museums after the closing of the Marciano Art Foundation?"
3947:
3911:
3783:
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3728:
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2302:. Al-Azhar Engineering Thirteenth International Conference. p. 2. Archived from
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963:
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199:
4409:
Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy
587:
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5638:
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4241:
4168:
4009:"MOCA will voluntarily recognize new employee union; Marciano closure is permanent"
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364:
5703:
3775:
3721:"'Moai are family': Easter Island people to head to London to request statue back"
3449:
3155:
Wallis, David (20 March 2014). "Start-Up Success Isn't Enough to Found a Museum".
2345:
845:
strategic plan, institutional code of ethics, bylaws, and collections policy. The
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327:
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238:
157:
95:
3617:
Foundations of Museum Studies: Evolving Systems of Knowledge Illustrated Edition
2990:
Dana, John Cotton. The New Museum (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 32.
2981:
Dana, John Cotton. The New Museum (Woodstock, VT: The Elm Tree Press, 1917), 25.
2811:
Foundations of Museum Studies: Evolving Systems of Knowledge Illustrated Edition
2232:
1369:
1357:
249:. Public museums that host exhibitions and interactive demonstrations are often
5683:
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5603:
5553:
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4863:
4708:
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1943:
1874:
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1454:. Within these categories, many museums specialize further, e.g., museums of
1074:
761:
650:
642:
380:
297:
179:
141:
4361:
3760:"A Case of Identity: The Artefacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter"
2754:
2737:
5623:
5578:
5154:
5114:
4496:
4100:"Georgian culture minister accused of purging critics from National Museum"
3087:
Riding, Alan (24 June 1997). "A Gleaming New Guggenheim for Grimy Bilbao".
1948:
1827:
1817:
1569:
1411:
1399:
1215:
1118:
932:
821:
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773:
417:
246:
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5194:
5139:
5084:
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4991:
4848:
4698:
2585:
1997:
1953:
1725:
and hold deep cultural value to their people. Other examples include the
1549:
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1407:
1341:
1237:
1200:
1178:
1110:
817:
769:
669:
518:
437:
234:
150:
5618:
5598:
5129:
4996:
4986:
4938:
4743:
4623:
2696:
2438:
2353:
1882:
1730:
1514:
1455:
1435:
786:
570:
566:
546:
323:
319:
4570:. St. Petersburg: The State Hermitage Publishers. 2015. Archived from
4180:
4129:
3218:
Embassy of the United States of America, 2012. Accessed 26 March 2017.
2013:"Ptolemy I Soter, The First King of Ancient Egypt's Ptolemaic Dynasty"
5628:
4981:
2711:"The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)"
1475:
1419:
1415:
1196:
940:
936:
499:
397:
holy objects, for instance, are handled according to cultural rules.
355:
3697:
2688:
2329:
1869:
1771:
The Marciano Art Foundation, a museum established by co-founders of
203:
5633:
5593:
5588:
5134:
4958:
4172:
3177:
1780:
1459:
1395:
837:
720:
704:
672:
as the first keeper. The first building, which became known as the
269:
229:
and specialists. Museums host a much wider range of objects than a
226:
77:
872:
A curator and exhibit designer dressing a mannequin for an exhibit
161:
5021:
4703:
3552:
Sites of the Uncanny: Paul Celan, Specularity and the Visual Arts
2738:"The British Museum: An Imperial Museum in a Post-Imperial World"
1933:
1483:
1431:
1423:
1326:
1183:
1170:
912:
889:
853:
562:
558:
550:
526:
398:
315:
302:
230:
183:
1779:
closed indefinitely in November 2019 after workers attempted to
1348:, which could be considered both a history and technology museum
1078:
Dana, museums should be planned according to community's needs:
4903:
4662:
4627:
4597:
4447:
Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America
4277:
3904:"U.S. Museums See Rise in Unions Even as Labor Movement Slumps"
2372:
Museum Origins: Readings in early museum history and philosophy
1714:
1161:
975:
692:
596:
347:
119:
3512:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 265.
3431:"Keeping your audience: Presenting a visitor engagement scale"
3365:"Sponsorship Spending on the Arts to Grow 3.3 Percent in 2017"
2873:
From Knowledge to Narrative: Educators and the Changing Museum
2374:. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. pp. 13â15.
707:
over centuries were accessible to the public three days each "
38:"Historical museum" redirects here. For specific museums, see
4948:
4853:
3482:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 26.
3076:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 17.
2875:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 2.
1403:
1028:
Collections storage for three-dimensional historic artifacts.
696:
554:
285:
99:
4484:
Open air museums: The history and future of a visionary idea
3642:
A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections, Third Edition
3592:
A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections, Third Edition
3393:
607:. These were often displayed in so-called "wonder rooms" or
4729:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
4713:
4159:
Monroe, Gerald M. (1972). "The Artists Union of New York".
3173:"Brazil museum fire: Funding cuts blamed as icon is gutted"
3010:"Turning Museums Inside-Out with Beautiful Visible Storage"
2087:
CSTM: A History of the Canada Science and Technology Museum
1746:, which is a source of dispute between Austria and Mexico.
1698:
662:
641:, however, founded in 1677 from the personal collection of
503:
392:
museum, while others have specific audiences, like the LDS
307:
4233:
Museums and Digital Culture: New Perspectives and Research
2915:
Museum Law: A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel.
1102:
are all developed as part of the museum planning process.
4734:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
3429:
Taheri, Babak; Jafari, Aliakbar; O'Gorman, Kevin (2014).
3182:
2928:"ICOM and the International Committee of the Blue Shield"
1451:
971:
5120:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
3428:
1709:
and put in display in major Western museums such as the
800:
An exhibition of the remains of Native Americans at the
5768:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
4528:
Contemporary Museums â Architecture History Collections
2786:
2784:
1795:, the Georgia Minister of Culture had "punished" them.
1694:
illegally taken from their original cultural settings.
257:
in the world attracting millions of visitors annually.
4613:
4608:
4486:. Stockholm and Ăstersund: Carlssons Förlag / Jamtli.
1697:
Since 1868, several monolithic human figures known as
1687:
report on the restitution of African cultural heritage
836:
An honours board listing the directors of a museum in
814:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
711:" (the 10-day unit which had replaced the week in the
1729:, thought to be a very significant shield taken from
966:
stored in museums is threatened in many countries by
233:, and usually focus on a specific theme, such as the
4466:
The Museum: A Short History of Crisis and Resilience
4390:
Museums Matter: In Praise of the Encyclopedic Museum
3843:"Mexico and Austria in dispute over Aztec headdress"
3269:"National Endowment for the Arts 2015 Annual Report"
3229:"National Endowment for the Arts 2011 Annual Report"
2781:
1811:
1258:
Paintings arranged in groupings in the "salon style"
1129:
uses many artifacts in their memorable exhibitions.
306:), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the
3209:"How Are Museums Supported Nationally in the U.S.?"
2966:
Welterbe-StÀtten zerbombt, KulturschÀtze verhökert.
2365:
2363:
4344:The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics
1758:Workers rallying at the Philadelphia Museum of Art
1356:It may sometimes be useful to distinguish between
5773:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
4909:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
4724:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
4371:Museums and American Intellectual Life, 1876â1926
3522:
2173:"About Museums â Association of Manitoba Museums"
1643:
1298:Left: "Cabinet of curiosities" style of exhibit,
221:is an institution dedicated to displaying and/or
5813:
5796:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
5786:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
5750:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
2628:. New York: Routledge Press. pp. 6, 8, 24.
2370:Genoways, Hugh; Andrei, Mary Anne, eds. (2008).
2360:
2292:
1749:
5791:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
5763:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
3845:. prehist.org. 22 November 2012. Archived from
3639:
3589:
3574:The Collected Writings of Elaine Heumann Gurian
3492:
2296:The Historical Evolution of Museum Architecture
880:Restoration of a gilded mirror by a conservator
5727:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
4884:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
3671:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
3615:Latham, Kiersten F.; Simmons, John E. (2014).
3585:
3583:
3571:
2809:Latham, Kiersten F.; Simmons, John E. (2014).
2804:
2802:
2800:
2369:
2293:Manssour, Y. M.; El-Daly, H. M.; Morsi, N. K.
4648:
4335:Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015.
4222:
3614:
2808:
405:may not be discarded, but need to be buried.
69:
4411:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4392:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
4373:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
3640:Malaro, Marie C.; DeAngelis, Ildiko (2012).
3590:Malaro, Marie C.; DeAngelis, Ildiko (2012).
1630:
1305:. Right: Contemporary history exhibit, 2016.
1073:. Dana detailed the process of founding the
618:One of these naturalists and collectors was
342:Visitors examining fossils displayed at the
27:Institution that holds items of significance
4505:
4301:
3580:
3345:"Public Funding for the Arts: 2015 Update."
2797:
2561:A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3
990:
691:In France, the first public museum was the
5292:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
4655:
4641:
4331:Aronsson, Peter., and Gabriella Elgenius.
1903:Computer Interchange of Museum Information
1845:
4839:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
4544:
4449:. New York: Sterling Publishing Company.
3371:. ESP Properties, LLC. 13 February 2017.
2834:Pierce, Dennis (NovemberâDecember 2018).
2753:
2674:
2555:H. E. Salter and Mary D. Lobel (editors)
2327:
2233:"2 CFR § 3187.3 â Definition of a museum"
717:Conservatoire du muséum national des Arts
4739:Conservation science (cultural property)
4007:Miranda, Carolina A. (7 December 2019).
3974:Miranda, Carolina A. (8 November 2019).
3941:Miranda, Carolina A. (6 November 2019).
3897:
3895:
3718:
2954:Apollo â The International Art Magazine.
2497:"Admission Ticket to the British Museum"
2425:Hubbell, H. M. (1935). "Ptolemy's Zoo".
1753:
1671:
1336:
1253:
1227:that destroyed over 90% of its contents
1214:
1146:
1049:
875:
867:
831:
795:
730:
682:
586:
479:Institute of Museum and Library Services
427:
337:
4468:. New York: New York University Press.
4444:
4425:
4406:
4338:
4006:
3973:
3940:
3689:
3664:
3576:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 48â56.
3497:. New York: Harcourt. pp. 250â251.
3043:
2870:
2790:Hugh H. Genoways and Lynne M. Ireland,
2623:
2424:
2261:
2143:"ICOM approves a new museum definition"
1983:
1262:Most mid-size and large museums employ
1219:Officials blamed a lack of funding for
1181:, in time for the 100th anniversary of
1151:Construction of Titanic Belfast in 2010
1123:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
517:, and contained artifacts from earlier
14:
5814:
4463:
4193:
4158:
3868:Wagley, Catherine (25 November 2019).
3867:
3757:
3572:Heumann Gurian, Elaine (17 May 2006).
3154:
3105:"Guggenheim Bilbao Annual Report 2015"
3086:
2845:. American Alliance of Museum: 16â26.
2833:
2792:Museum Administration: An Introduction
2735:
2396:"Museums in the Ancient Mediterranean"
2330:"Museums and Raree Shows in Antiquity"
1924:List of most-visited museums by region
4636:
4037:
3901:
3892:
3807:
3805:
3790:from the original on 25 February 2022
3739:from the original on 22 December 2020
3714:
3712:
3459:from the original on 11 November 2021
3139:
3067:
3065:
3039:
3037:
3035:
2852:from the original on 12 December 2021
2243:from the original on 12 December 2021
2213:from the original on 12 December 2021
2183:from the original on 12 December 2021
2110:from the original on 13 December 2022
1986:Journal of the History of Collections
1656:
1621:
583:List of museums from the 18th century
4549:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
4387:
4368:
3813:"How the Parthenon Lost Its Marbles"
3507:
3477:
3121:from the original on 27 January 2016
3071:
3020:from the original on 1 February 2016
2406:from the original on 5 November 2021
2049:from the original on 20 October 2017
1857:The Digging Deep Project Exhibition.
1243:
739:, the first Chinese-sponsored museum
537:Also in Alexandria from the time of
389:Canada Science and Technology Museum
268:, museums have been associated with
116:Canada Science and Technology Museum
4304:"Digging deeper with Norma Gregory"
4194:Glueck, Grace (26 September 1971).
3902:Small, Zachary (21 February 2022).
3719:Bartlett, John (16 November 2018).
3644:. Smithsonian Books. pp. 6â9.
3619:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 11.
3316:Association of Art Museum Directors
3189:from the original on 22 August 2022
2584:. History of Louvre. Archived from
2153:from the original on 25 August 2022
2023:from the original on 4 October 2019
494:One of the oldest museums known is
24:
4924:Preservation (library and archive)
4547:A Practical Guide to Museum Ethics
4325:
3835:
3802:
3709:
3677:from the original on 6 August 2020
3375:from the original on 15 March 2018
3062:
3032:
2813:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 9.
2717:from the original on 21 April 2016
2528:from the original on 12 April 2012
2514:
2132:32, no.3, August 2010, pp. 98â119.
1833:
1711:National Museum of Natural History
1616:
780:'s concept of liberal government,
72:Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
40:Historical Museum (disambiguation)
25:
5848:
4590:
4110:from the original on 24 June 2022
4080:from the original on 10 July 2022
4050:from the original on 15 June 2022
3698:http://restitutionreport2018.com/
3525:Museum Management and Curatorship
3493:Canfield Fisher, Dorothy (1927).
2656:from the original on 23 June 2022
2274:from the original on 1 April 2018
2262:Wilkens, Alasdair (25 May 2011).
2237:LII / Legal Information Institute
1812:Sustainability and climate change
1676:Moai figure at the British Museum
1661:
1136:
5778:Conservation-restoration of the
5654:Indigenous intellectual property
4609:International Council of Museums
4596:
4236:. Series on Cultural Computing.
4140:from the original on 9 June 2022
4019:from the original on 26 May 2022
3988:from the original on 26 May 2022
3955:from the original on 26 May 2022
3922:from the original on 1 June 2022
3880:from the original on 26 May 2022
3665:Brennan, Bridget (10 May 2019).
3594:. Smithsonian Books. p. 8.
2964:12 May 2014; Fabian von Posser:
2147:International Council of Museums
2010:
1919:List of most visited art museums
1868:
1719:Royal Museums of Art and History
1288:
1279:
1169:, built on disused shipyards in
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
450:International Council of Museums
191:
171:
149:
129:
107:
87:
61:
4889:Inventory (library and archive)
4789:Cultural property documentation
4513:(in German). Potsdam: Ullmann.
4302:TOCaribNews (4 November 2019).
4295:
4270:
4216:
4187:
4152:
4122:
4092:
4062:
4031:
4000:
3967:
3934:
3861:
3819:. 28 March 2017. Archived from
3751:
3658:
3633:
3608:
3565:
3543:
3516:
3501:
3486:
3471:
3422:
3387:
3357:
3337:
3297:
3276:National Endowment for the Arts
3261:
3240:National Endowment for the Arts
3221:
3201:
3165:
3148:
3133:
3097:
3080:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2942:
2920:
2907:
2879:
2864:
2827:
2762:
2729:
2703:
2668:
2642:
2617:
2600:
2574:
2549:
2540:
2522:"History of the British Museum"
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2445:
2418:
2388:
2321:
2286:
2255:
2225:
2195:
2165:
1362:Lower East Side Tenement Museum
1234:National Endowment for the Arts
5287:Bone, horn, and antler objects
4829:Digital photograph restoration
3510:Do Museums Still Need Objects?
3480:Do Museums Still Need Objects?
3343:Stubbs, Ryan and Henry Clapp.
3074:Do Museums Still Need Objects?
2956:2 February 2015; Mehroz Baig:
2913:Cf., e.g., Marilyn E. Phelan:
2794:, (Lanham: AltaMira, 2003), 3.
2328:van Buren, E. Douglas (1922).
2135:
2122:
2092:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2035:
2004:
1977:
1644:Run by trusts vs. corporations
1489:
1323:Museum of Science and Industry
423:
13:
1:
5472:South Asian household shrines
5170:Reconstruction (architecture)
5100:Cultural property radiography
5057:Registrar (cultural property)
4809:Cultural resources management
4769:Collections management system
4525:â also available in English:
4204:. pp. Section D, Page 24
4038:Dafoe, Taylor (2 June 2022).
3776:10.1080/1031461X.2017.1414862
3764:Australian Historical Studies
3537:10.1016/S0260-4779(97)00003-4
3450:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.12.011
2346:10.1080/0015587X.1922.9720240
1970:
1964:Virtual Library museums pages
1750:Labor issues and unionization
1299:
957:
827:
676:, is sometimes attributed to
511:
296:). It is originally from the
5741:Conservation-restoration of
5732:Conservation-restoration of
5105:Detachment of wall paintings
4879:Intangible cultural heritage
4794:Cultural property exhibition
4779:Cultural heritage management
4445:Murtagh, William J. (2005).
4278:"Home â Black Miners Museum"
4196:"MOMA Gets a Taste of PASTA"
3408:10.1016/j.culher.2022.04.008
3396:Journal of Cultural Heritage
3305:"Art Museums by the Numbers"
2652:. Encyclopedica Britannica.
2207:American Alliance of Museums
2104:Jewish Museum of Switzerland
1366:Diachronic Museum of Larissa
1115:National Constitution Center
847:American Alliance of Museums
699:, opened in 1793 during the
471:American Alliance of Museums
457:Canadian Museums Association
275:
7:
5185:Transfer of panel paintings
4426:Marotta, Antonello (2010).
4308:Toronto Caribbean Newspaper
2958:When War Destroys Identity.
2045:. Smithsonian Institution.
1914:List of largest art museums
1861:
1744:Museum of Ethnology, Vienna
1668:Decolonisation of knowledge
1045:
432:A guided tour group at the
260:Since the establishment of
10:
5853:
5649:Heritage language learning
4919:Optical media preservation
4530:. Braun Publishing. 2010.
2400:World History Encyclopedia
1815:
1713:, the British Museum, the
1665:
1247:
1210:
1143:Economic theory of museums
1140:
1057:
713:French Republican Calendar
580:
519:Mesopotamian civilizations
489:
484:
333:
310:(the patron divinities in
29:
5717:
5689:Oral history preservation
5530:
5259:
5203:
5070:
4972:
4804:Cultural property storage
4799:Cultural property imaging
4674:
4619:VLmp directory of museums
4545:Yerkovich, Sally (2016).
4499:The Participatory Museum.
4246:10.1007/978-3-319-97457-6
3798:– via ResearchGate.
3758:Thomas, Nicholas (2018).
2887:"Museum Job Descriptions"
2871:Roberts, Lisa C. (1997).
2713:. National Park Service.
1888:Category:Types of museums
1631:Non-profit vs. for-profit
1225:National Museum of Brazil
980:Blue Shield International
754:
655:John Tradescant the elder
401:objects that contain the
262:the earliest known museum
55:
50:
5736:by ElĂas GarcĂa MartĂnez
4954:Sustainable preservation
3350:26 November 2018 at the
3331:19 December 2018 at the
2775:19 November 2011 at the
2043:"James Smithson Society"
1908:International Museum Day
1332:
1158:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
991:Gallery â Museum storage
726:returned to their owners
659:his son of the same name
576:
496:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum
5694:Preservation of meaning
5679:Language revitalization
5347:Illuminated manuscripts
5125:Historic paint analysis
5017:Conservation technician
4819:Deaccessioning (museum)
4759:Collections maintenance
4684:Agents of deterioration
4501:Santa Cruz: Museums 2.0
4497:Simon, Nina K. (2010).
4482:Rentzhog, Sten (2007).
4464:Redman, Samuel (2022).
4407:Findlen, Paula (1996).
3291:11 January 2019 at the
3255:10 January 2019 at the
3214:10 October 2018 at the
3044:Procter, Alice (2020).
2950:Inquiry: Monuments Men.
2894:University of Rochester
2755:10.5130/phrj.v18i0.1523
2626:The Birth of the Museum
2568:8 February 2013 at the
2557:Victoria County History
2177:www.museumsmanitoba.com
1846:Diversity and inclusion
1775:, Maurice Marciano and
1318:Dorothy Canfield Fisher
609:cabinets of curiosities
539:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
369:Smithsonian Institution
344:National Museum of Iran
288:, and is pluralized as
138:Hong Kong Museum of Art
33:Museum (disambiguation)
5704:Tradition preservation
5357:Iron and steel objects
5246:Outdoor bronze objects
5190:UVC-based preservation
5047:Photograph conservator
5012:Conservation scientist
4764:Collections management
4694:Archaeological science
3703:15 August 2021 at the
3557:8 October 2015 at the
3369:ESP Sponsorship Report
2736:Duthie, Emily (2011).
2624:Bennett, Tony (1995).
1759:
1677:
1349:
1259:
1228:
1152:
1055:
901:Collections Management
881:
873:
841:
805:
740:
688:
600:
510:. The site dates from
441:
351:
70:
5827:Educational buildings
5709:Traditional knowledge
5674:Language preservation
5282:Ancient Greek pottery
5180:Textile stabilization
5042:Paintings conservator
4929:Preservation metadata
4814:Database preservation
4668:historic preservation
4369:Conn, Steven (1998).
4346:. London: Routledge.
3508:Conn, Steven (2010).
3478:Conn, Steven (2010).
3072:Conn, Steven (2010).
3016:. 24 September 2014.
2742:Public History Review
2508:13 April 2014 at the
2486:Findlen, pp. 393â397.
2427:The Classical Journal
1757:
1740:Montezuma's headdress
1733:in April 1770 or the
1675:
1389:Civilizing the Museum
1382:University of Florida
1378:Colonial Williamsburg
1340:
1257:
1218:
1189:Taubman Museum of Art
1150:
1064:Interpretive planning
1053:
879:
871:
835:
799:
734:
686:
590:
531:Library of Alexandria
508:Neo-Babylonian Empire
462:The United Kingdom's
431:
394:Church History Museum
341:
5497:Time-based media art
5307:Copper-based objects
5221:Archaeological sites
5150:Mass deacidification
5095:Cradling (paintings)
5007:Conservator-restorer
4834:Digital preservation
4614:Museums of the World
4605:at Wikimedia Commons
4388:Cuno, James (2013).
3531:. Routledge: 15â33.
3185:. 3 September 2018.
2901:5 April 2012 at the
2677:The Public Historian
2130:The Public Historian
1107:Griffith Observatory
802:Royal Ontario Museum
678:Sir Christopher Wren
647:University of Oxford
645:, was set up in the
624:Age of Enlightenment
527:Museum of Alexandria
498:, built by Princess
420:life may have been.
410:Hampton Court Palace
255:most visited museums
31:For other uses, see
5801:World Heritage Site
5664:Indigenous language
5564:Endangered language
5462:Shipwreck artifacts
5442:Photographic plates
5392:Musical instruments
5145:Lining of paintings
5062:Textile conservator
5037:Objects conservator
5027:Exhibition designer
4934:Preservation survey
4859:Found in collection
4749:Collection (museum)
4719:Calendar (archives)
4689:Archival processing
4282:blackcoalminers.com
3849:on 29 November 2014
3048:. England: Cassel.
2582:"History of Louvre"
2209:. 25 January 2018.
464:Museums Association
251:tourist attractions
5837:Tourist activities
5659:Indigenous culture
5002:Collection manager
4899:Media preservation
4894:Inventory (museum)
4754:Collection catalog
4511:Museumsarchitektur
4507:van Uffelen, Chris
4428:Contemporary Milan
4201:The New York Times
3908:The New York Times
3823:on 2 February 2021
3495:Why Stop Learning?
3438:Tourism Management
3158:The New York Times
3090:The New York Times
2612:Museum and Society
2588:on 24 October 2013
2524:. British Museum.
2501:The British Museum
2457:Museum and Society
2309:on 21 January 2022
1998:10.1093/jhc/1.1.59
1875:Museums portal
1786:In the country of
1760:
1678:
1657:Current challenges
1622:Public vs. private
1452:zoological gardens
1440:children's museums
1350:
1260:
1229:
1153:
1056:
882:
874:
858:Board of directors
842:
806:
741:
689:
687:The Louvre in 1853
601:
506:at the end of the
442:
377:cultural artifacts
352:
5809:
5808:
5758:Pompeian frescoes
5644:Heritage language
5534:cultural heritage
5322:Flags and banners
5267:cultural property
5231:Heritage railways
5211:cultural property
5160:Paleo-inspiration
4844:Film preservation
4784:Cultural property
4774:Cultural heritage
4664:Cultural heritage
4601:Media related to
4556:978-1-4422-3164-1
4537:978-3-03768-067-4
4520:978-3-8331-6033-2
4492:978-91-7948-208-4
4475:978-1-4798-0933-2
4437:978-88-572-0258-7
4399:978-0-226-10091-3
4353:978-0-415-05387-7
4255:978-3-319-97456-9
4013:Los Angeles Times
3981:Los Angeles Times
3948:Los Angeles Times
3651:978-1-58834-322-2
3626:978-1-61069-282-3
3601:978-1-58834-322-2
3549:Kilgerman, Eric.
3112:Guggenheim Bilbao
3055:978-1-78840-221-7
2938:on 23 March 2020.
2820:978-1-61069-282-3
2381:978-1-59874-197-1
1898:Collective memory
1346:automotive museum
1269:interpretive plan
1244:Exhibition design
1232:funding from the
1193:Roanoke, Virginia
1100:interpretive plan
964:cultural property
854:Board of Trustees
701:French Revolution
620:Ulisse Aldrovandi
543:African elephants
280:The English word
215:
214:
200:Sukiennice Museum
16:(Redirected from
5844:
5745:by Thomas Eakins
5743:The Gross Clinic
5639:Folklore studies
5549:Applied folklore
5522:Wooden furniture
5517:Wooden artifacts
5512:Woodblock prints
5492:Tibetan thangkas
5352:Insect specimens
5241:Outdoor artworks
5236:Historic gardens
4869:Heritage science
4657:
4650:
4643:
4634:
4633:
4600:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4569:
4560:
4541:
4524:
4479:
4460:
4441:
4422:
4403:
4384:
4365:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3817:History Magazine
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3716:
3707:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3562:, p. 255 (2007).
3547:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3435:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3361:
3355:
3341:
3335:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3309:
3301:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3273:
3265:
3259:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3233:
3225:
3219:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3109:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3041:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2972:5 November 2013.
2946:
2940:
2939:
2934:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2917:2014, p. 419 ff.
2911:
2905:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2840:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2614:, vol. 10, 2012.
2606:Chang Wan-Chen,
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2563:1954 Pages 47â49
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2451:Chang Wan-Chen,
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2301:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2100:"Holy Museology"
2096:
2090:
2085:Babian, Sharon,
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1981:
1939:Museum education
1929:Lists of museums
1873:
1872:
1735:Parthenon marble
1472:aviation history
1468:military history
1428:cultural history
1380:). According to
1374:Anne Frank House
1344:displayed at an
1304:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1175:Northern Ireland
1127:Washington, D.C.
1071:John Cotton Dana
1054:Exhibit planning
1037:
1025:
1013:
1001:
968:natural disaster
949:graphic designer
919:Exhibit Designer
680:or Thomas Wood.
639:Ashmolean Museum
593:Ashmolean Museum
516:
513:
365:environmentalism
322:and research at
318:(institute) for
195:
175:
153:
133:
111:
91:
75:
65:
48:
47:
43:
36:
21:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5752:The Last Supper
5719:
5713:
5699:Primitive music
5609:Folk instrument
5584:Family folklore
5574:Ethnomusicology
5569:Ethnochoreology
5536:
5533:
5526:
5447:Plastic objects
5432:Performance art
5417:Panel paintings
5412:Painting frames
5377:Leather objects
5297:Ceramic objects
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:and restoration
5262:
5255:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:and restoration
5206:
5199:
5165:Paper splitting
5080:Aging (artwork)
5072:
5066:
5052:Preservationist
4974:
4968:
4824:Digital library
4676:
4670:
4661:
4593:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4538:
4526:
4521:
4476:
4457:
4438:
4419:
4400:
4381:
4354:
4328:
4326:Further reading
4323:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4256:
4230:, eds. (2019).
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4192:
4188:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4106:. 26 May 2022.
4098:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3900:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3717:
3710:
3705:Wayback Machine
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3588:
3581:
3570:
3566:
3559:Wayback Machine
3548:
3544:
3521:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3491:
3487:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3352:Wayback Machine
3342:
3338:
3333:Wayback Machine
3321:
3319:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3293:Wayback Machine
3281:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3257:Wayback Machine
3245:
3243:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3216:Wayback Machine
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3153:
3149:
3142:Financial Times
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3085:
3081:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3042:
3033:
3023:
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3008:
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2994:
2989:
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2903:Wayback Machine
2889:
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2855:
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2849:
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2789:
2782:
2777:Wayback Machine
2767:
2763:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2689:10.2307/3378225
2673:
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2570:Wayback Machine
2554:
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2529:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2510:Wayback Machine
2495:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:Findlen, p. 62.
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:, vol 10, 2012.
2450:
2446:
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2196:
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2156:
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2127:
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2111:
2106:. 31 May 2022.
2098:
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2080:
2075:
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2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2005:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1959:Science tourism
1893:Cell phone tour
1867:
1864:
1848:
1840:digital culture
1836:
1834:Digital culture
1820:
1814:
1793:Thea Tsulukiani
1752:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1646:
1633:
1624:
1619:
1617:Legal framework
1614:
1595:Natural history
1492:
1444:natural history
1335:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1252:
1246:
1213:
1167:Titanic Belfast
1145:
1139:
1095:museum planning
1066:
1060:Museum planning
1048:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
960:
830:
810:Native American
778:Michel Foucault
757:
585:
579:
514:
492:
487:
426:
336:
328:Ptolemy I Soter
312:Greek mythology
278:
243:natural history
211:
210:
209:
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198:Gallery at the
196:
188:
187:
178:Diorama at the
176:
167:
166:
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158:House of Slaves
154:
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134:
125:
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96:Egyptian Museum
92:
83:
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66:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5706:
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5684:Living history
5681:
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5669:Language death
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5604:Folk etymology
5601:
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5554:Dance notation
5551:
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5509:
5504:
5499:
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5489:
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5479:
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5469:
5467:Silver objects
5464:
5459:
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5299:
5294:
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5256:
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5253:
5251:Outdoor murals
5248:
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5233:
5228:
5223:
5217:
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5201:
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5175:Rissverklebung
5172:
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5117:
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5102:
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5090:Arrested decay
5087:
5082:
5076:
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5073:and techniques
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4906:
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4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4864:Heritage asset
4861:
4856:
4851:
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4709:Bioarchaeology
4706:
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4659:
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4592:
4591:External links
4589:
4588:
4587:
4577:on 10 May 2017
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2468:Findlen, p. 3.
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1944:Museum fatigue
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1847:
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1835:
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1824:climate change
1813:
1810:
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1800:
1773:Guess clothing
1765:
1764:
1751:
1748:
1727:Gweagal Shield
1663:
1662:Decolonization
1660:
1658:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1640:shareholders.
1632:
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1555:Historic house
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1510:Archaeological
1507:
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1334:
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1278:
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1274:
1264:exhibit design
1250:Exhibit design
1248:Main article:
1245:
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1209:
1138:
1137:Financial uses
1135:
1047:
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928:
922:
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904:
898:
894:The Henry Ford
866:
865:
861:
829:
826:
776:). Drawing on
756:
753:
737:Nantong Museum
631:British Museum
578:
575:
491:
488:
486:
483:
434:Soumaya Museum
425:
422:
412:, a palace of
335:
332:
330:about 280 BC.
326:, built under
277:
274:
213:
212:
197:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5784:
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5705:
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5682:
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5670:
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5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
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5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Folk medicine
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
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5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
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5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5544:Ancient music
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
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5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5477:Stained glass
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5457:Road vehicles
5455:
5453:
5452:Rail vehicles
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:New media art
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Ivory objects
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Human remains
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Glass objects
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
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5288:
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5280:
5278:
5275:
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5268:
5258:
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5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5209:of immovable
5202:
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5176:
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5151:
5148:
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5143:
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5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:Desmet method
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
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5069:
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5055:
5053:
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5048:
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5028:
5025:
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5020:
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5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:and expertise
4971:
4965:
4964:Web archiving
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
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4915:
4912:
4910:
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4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:Inherent vice
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
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4639:
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4629:
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4595:
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4562:
4558:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4529:
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4508:
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4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4456:0-471-47377-4
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4418:0-520-20508-1
4414:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4380:0-226-11493-7
4376:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4340:Bennett, Tony
4337:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4065:
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4045:
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4034:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3970:
3954:
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3949:
3944:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
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3879:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3822:
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3814:
3808:
3806:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3692:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3474:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3161:. p. F6.
3160:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3136:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3093:. p. C9.
3092:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3068:
3066:
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3040:
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3036:
3019:
3015:
3014:Atlas Obscura
3011:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2968:(German) In:
2967:
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2635:0-415-05388-9
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2397:
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2377:
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2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2340:(4): 337â53.
2339:
2335:
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2298:
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2289:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:"Eligibility"
2198:
2182:
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2174:
2168:
2152:
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2144:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:Dunn, Jimmy.
2007:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1960:
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1853:Norma Gregory
1843:
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1809:
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1798:
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1794:
1789:
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1777:Paul Marciano
1774:
1769:
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1756:
1747:
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1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
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1708:
1707:Easter Island
1704:
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1560:Historic site
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1464:local history
1461:
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1162:Bilbao, Spain
1160:was built in
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1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1086:
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1079:
1076:
1075:Newark Museum
1072:
1065:
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1031:
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1012:
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1000:
995:
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840:, New Zealand
839:
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718:
714:
710:
706:
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694:
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681:
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675:
674:Old Ashmolean
671:
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664:
660:
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651:Elias Ashmole
648:
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643:Elias Ashmole
640:
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509:
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395:
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384:enchanting."
382:
381:decomposition
378:
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366:
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357:
349:
345:
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329:
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317:
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309:
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298:Ancient Greek
295:
291:
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
266:ancient times
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
247:local history
244:
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236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
205:
201:
194:
185:
181:
180:Indian Museum
174:
163:
159:
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143:
142:Tsim Sha Tsui
139:
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117:
110:
101:
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18:Public museum
5779:
5751:
5742:
5733:
5624:Folk process
5579:Ethnopoetics
5537:preservation
5397:Neon objects
5270:by item type
5261:Conservation
5214:by item type
5205:Conservation
5155:Overpainting
5115:Display case
4944:Repatriation
4913:
4579:. Retrieved
4572:the original
4546:
4527:
4510:
4498:
4483:
4465:
4446:
4427:
4408:
4389:
4370:
4343:
4332:
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4307:
4297:
4285:. Retrieved
4281:
4272:
4231:
4224:Giannini, T.
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4199:
4189:
4167:(1): 17â20.
4164:
4160:
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4133:
4124:
4112:. Retrieved
4103:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4073:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4043:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4012:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3979:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3946:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3907:
3882:. Retrieved
3873:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3847:the original
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3821:the original
3816:
3794:14 September
3792:. Retrieved
3767:
3763:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3725:The Guardian
3724:
3691:
3681:14 September
3679:. Retrieved
3670:
3660:
3641:
3635:
3616:
3610:
3591:
3573:
3567:
3550:
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3528:
3524:
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3509:
3503:
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3479:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3441:
3437:
3424:
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3389:
3377:. Retrieved
3368:
3359:
3339:
3320:. Retrieved
3318:(AAMD). 2016
3311:
3299:
3280:. Retrieved
3263:
3244:. Retrieved
3235:
3223:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3176:
3167:
3156:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3111:
3099:
3088:
3082:
3073:
3045:
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:Peter Stone
2944:
2936:the original
2931:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2881:
2872:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2842:
2829:
2810:
2791:
2764:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2705:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2644:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:the original
2576:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2516:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2433:(2): 68â76.
2430:
2426:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2399:
2390:
2371:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2304:the original
2295:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2236:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2176:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2146:
2137:
2129:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2016:
2006:
1992:(1): 59â78.
1989:
1985:
1979:
1949:Museum label
1856:
1849:
1837:
1828:Anthropocene
1821:
1818:Green museum
1806:
1802:
1785:
1770:
1766:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1545:Encyclopedic
1530:Biographical
1505:Architecture
1500:Agricultural
1493:
1412:anthropology
1400:applied arts
1393:
1388:
1387:In her book
1386:
1355:
1351:
1342:Classic cars
1312:
1310:
1261:
1238:Corporations
1230:
1205:
1182:
1154:
1131:
1119:Philadelphia
1104:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1067:
985:
961:
953:
933:photographer
930:
883:
843:
822:colonization
807:
791:World War II
787:Universities
782:Tony Bennett
758:
742:
716:
708:
690:
636:
628:
617:
613:
602:
595:building in
536:
523:
493:
476:
468:
461:
454:
447:
443:
407:
386:
373:
361:civil rights
353:
301:
293:
292:(or rarely,
289:
281:
279:
259:
218:
216:
45:
5780:H.L. Hunley
5559:Early music
5507:Vinyl discs
5502:Totem poles
5437:Photographs
5382:Lighthouses
5372:Lacquerware
5327:Fur objects
5265:of movable
5195:VisualAudio
5140:Leafcasting
5085:Anastylosis
5032:Mount maker
4992:Art handler
4849:Finding aid
4699:Archaeology
4228:Bowen, J.P.
4161:Art Journal
4044:Artnet News
3874:Artnet News
3853:24 November
3770:(1): 4â27.
3463:20 November
3444:: 321â329.
3402:: 329â338.
3322:26 February
3282:26 February
3246:26 February
2856:12 December
2592:14 November
2247:12 December
2217:12 December
2187:12 December
2114:13 December
2089:, pp. 42â45
1954:Museum shop
1490:Major types
1480:agriculture
1408:archaeology
1303: 1890
1221:a 2018 fire
1201:Los Angeles
1179:Frank Gehry
1111:Los Angeles
925:Conservator
818:imperialism
770:Mesopotamia
670:Robert Plot
547:hartebeests
438:Mexico City
424:Definitions
403:name of God
284:comes from
227:researchers
144:, Hong Kong
5816:Categories
5619:Folk music
5599:Folk dance
5532:Intangible
5130:Inpainting
4997:Auctioneer
4987:Art dealer
4939:Provenance
4744:Collecting
4677:and issues
4581:6 December
4023:9 December
3992:8 November
3959:7 November
3827:8 February
3743:8 February
3125:20 January
3024:1 February
2962:Worldpost.
2410:5 November
2313:12 January
2017:Tour Egypt
1971:References
1883:Audio tour
1816:See also:
1763:Background
1731:Botany Bay
1701:have been
1666:See also:
1535:Children's
1520:Automotive
1456:modern art
1436:technology
1370:synchronic
1358:diachronic
1141:See also:
1093:through a
1058:See also:
958:Protection
828:Management
721:Napoléon I
667:naturalist
581:See also:
567:rhinoceros
502:in modern
469:While the
414:Henry VIII
324:Alexandria
320:philosophy
300:ÎÎżÏ
ÏΔáżÎżÎœ (
223:preserving
5832:Museology
5734:Ecce Homo
5629:Folk play
5482:Taxidermy
5427:Parchment
5407:Paintings
4982:Archivist
4430:. Skira.
4264:146115899
4134:Agenda.ge
4074:Widewalls
3916:0362-4331
3784:149069484
3733:0261-3077
3416:248439991
3193:22 August
2970:Die Welt.
2748:: 12â25.
2683:(3): 25.
2157:29 August
1692:artifacts
1684:The 2018
1540:Community
1476:philately
1448:botanical
1420:biography
1416:ethnology
1396:fine arts
1197:The Broad
941:archivist
937:librarian
907:Registrar
605:artifacts
599:, England
551:ostriches
500:Ennigaldi
356:education
276:Etymology
164:, Senegal
5720:projects
5634:Foodways
5594:Folk art
5589:Folklore
5487:Textiles
5337:Herbaria
5312:Feathers
5277:Aircraft
5135:Kintsugi
4959:Treasure
4509:(2010).
4362:30624669
4342:(1995).
4238:Springer
4138:Archived
4108:Archived
4104:OC Media
4078:Archived
4048:Archived
4017:Archived
3986:Archived
3953:Archived
3920:Archived
3878:Archived
3788:Archived
3737:Archived
3701:Archived
3675:Archived
3555:Archived
3454:Archived
3379:15 March
3373:Archived
3348:Archived
3329:Archived
3312:AAMD.org
3289:Archived
3253:Archived
3236:arts.gov
3212:Archived
3187:Archived
3178:BBC News
3116:Archived
3018:Archived
2899:Archived
2847:Archived
2773:Archived
2721:18 April
2715:Archived
2654:Archived
2650:"Museum"
2566:Archived
2526:Archived
2506:Archived
2404:Archived
2334:Folklore
2278:31 March
2272:Archived
2241:Archived
2211:Archived
2181:Archived
2151:Archived
2108:Archived
2053:14 March
2047:Archived
2021:Archived
1910:(18 May)
1862:See also
1826:and the
1781:unionize
1723:Rapa Nui
1717:and the
1600:Open-air
1590:Military
1585:Memorial
1575:Maritime
1460:folk art
1113:and the
1046:Planning
913:Educator
838:Auckland
748:Japanese
705:monarchy
591:The old
563:giraffes
559:leopards
440:, Mexico
303:mouseion
270:academia
206:, Poland
122:, Canada
78:Santiago
5822:Museums
5718:Notable
5422:Papyrus
5367:Judaica
5226:Frescos
5071:Methods
5022:Curator
4704:Archive
4624:Museums
4603:Museums
4313:5 March
4287:5 March
4144:15 June
4114:15 June
4084:15 June
4054:15 June
2697:3378225
2660:23 June
2532:15 June
2439:3290815
2354:1256361
2027:5 April
1934:.museum
1799:History
1788:Georgia
1742:in the
1703:removed
1610:Virtual
1605:Science
1580:Medical
1484:geology
1432:science
1424:history
1368:), and
1327:Chicago
1223:at the
1211:Funding
1184:Titanic
1171:Belfast
890:Curator
804:in 1908
744:Chinese
715:). The
571:pythons
490:Ancient
485:History
334:Purpose
316:Musaeum
290:museums
239:science
231:library
186:, India
184:Kolkata
102:, Egypt
80:, Chile
5387:Metals
5302:Clocks
4914:Museum
4904:Midden
4675:Topics
4628:Curlie
4553:
4534:
4517:
4490:
4472:
4453:
4434:
4415:
4396:
4377:
4360:
4350:
4262:
4252:
4208:26 May
4181:775601
4179:
3926:26 May
3914:
3884:26 May
3782:
3731:
3648:
3623:
3598:
3414:
3278:. 2016
3242:. 2012
3052:
2843:Museum
2817:
2695:
2632:
2437:
2378:
2352:
1715:Louvre
1525:Design
976:UNESCO
772:, and
766:Greece
755:Modern
709:décade
693:Louvre
597:Oxford
569:, and
555:zebras
399:Jewish
350:, Iran
348:Tehran
282:museum
219:museum
204:KrakĂłw
120:Ottawa
51:Museum
4973:Roles
4949:Ruins
4854:Fonds
4575:(PDF)
4568:(PDF)
4260:S2CID
4177:JSTOR
3780:S2CID
3457:(PDF)
3434:(PDF)
3412:S2CID
3308:(PDF)
3272:(PDF)
3232:(PDF)
3119:(PDF)
3108:(PDF)
2890:(PDF)
2850:(PDF)
2839:(PDF)
2770:p. 1.
2693:JSTOR
2435:JSTOR
2350:JSTOR
2307:(PDF)
2300:(PDF)
1705:from
1570:Local
1482:, or
1404:craft
1333:Types
762:Egypt
697:Paris
577:Early
418:Tudor
308:muses
294:musea
286:Latin
162:Gorée
100:Cairo
5317:Film
4714:Book
4666:and
4583:2016
4551:ISBN
4532:ISBN
4515:ISBN
4488:ISBN
4470:ISBN
4451:ISBN
4432:ISBN
4413:ISBN
4394:ISBN
4375:ISBN
4358:OCLC
4348:ISBN
4315:2024
4289:2024
4250:ISBN
4210:2022
4146:2022
4116:2022
4086:2022
4056:2022
4025:2019
3994:2019
3961:2019
3928:2022
3912:ISSN
3886:2022
3855:2012
3829:2021
3796:2020
3745:2021
3729:ISSN
3683:2020
3646:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3596:ISBN
3465:2018
3381:2018
3324:2017
3284:2017
3248:2017
3195:2022
3127:2016
3050:ISBN
3026:2016
2960:In:
2952:In:
2932:ICOM
2858:2021
2815:ISBN
2723:2016
2662:2022
2630:ISBN
2594:2013
2534:2017
2412:2021
2376:ISBN
2315:2022
2280:2018
2249:2021
2219:2021
2189:2021
2159:2022
2116:2022
2055:2018
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