777:
109:
127:
491:
503:
506:
An artistic but scientifically incorrect version of various
European land snails and slugs (one species here is not a pulmonate), their food plants and fungi, and a beetle that eats mollusks, bottom right.
2310:
Holznagel, W. E.; Colgan, D. J.; Lydeard, C. (2010). "Pulmonate phylogeny based on 28S rRNA gene sequences: A framework for discussing habitat transitions and character transformation".
314:
2221:
825:
289:
and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a
671:
472:
699:
678:
592:
2512:
599:
463:
453:
2584:
2106:"On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia"
650:
633:
425:
415:
344:
253:
2589:
2104:
Jörger, Katharina M; Stöger, Isabella; Kano, Yasunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Knebelsberger, Thomas; Schrödl, Michael (2010).
2239:
2193:
2171:
2579:
2551:
2465:
2517:
2478:
2499:
746:
609:
2434:
794:
729:
709:
381:
17:
2543:
2439:
126:
2556:
2071:
895:
2530:
2364:
1921:
800:
260:, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.
2525:
294:
2447:
2411:
2319:
2117:
8:
2402:
816:
736:
2323:
2121:
1848:
Two superfamilies belongs to clade
Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
2293:
2268:
2213:
2140:
2105:
1993:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1763:
1473:
1038:
332:
121:
2335:
2298:
2245:
2235:
2189:
2167:
2145:
1479:
1131:
788:
753:
726:
2327:
2288:
2280:
2209:
2135:
2125:
2103:
2005:
1631:
1569:
1513:
1233:
1137:
806:
719:
585:
435:
391:
2416:
2063:
1999:
1963:
1829:
1785:
1723:
1717:
1687:
1519:
1419:
1263:
1175:
1167:
1087:
1065:
782:
776:
640:
623:
527:
514:
495:
241:
237:
2504:
2331:
297:, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are
2473:
2460:
2217:
2059:
2051:
2029:
2011:
1981:
1951:
1927:
1823:
1791:
1745:
1693:
1662:
1654:
1619:
1589:
1447:
1375:
1369:
1269:
1251:
1189:
1181:
1071:
988:
873:
706:
534:
479:
432:
405:
369:
358:
324:
286:
213:
196:
178:
108:
2573:
2387:
2249:
2130:
2067:
1909:
1871:
1797:
1751:
1668:
1625:
1601:
1563:
1557:
1525:
1487:
1453:
1413:
1387:
1351:
1343:
1319:
1257:
1195:
1077:
994:
879:
859:
716:
664:
606:
388:
298:
279:
66:
2339:
2302:
2284:
2149:
2046:
2033:
1975:
1889:
1613:
1493:
1401:
1381:
1357:
1325:
1281:
1227:
1117:
1109:
1051:
951:
923:
865:
760:
657:
568:
422:
378:
341:
290:
268:
2486:
2396:
2226:
2162:(in Czech) Pek I., VaĆĄĂÄek Z., RoÄek Z., Hajn. V. & MikulĂĄĆĄ R. 1996.
2079:
2032:
using genetic data and found that
Pulmonata as traditionally defined was
1987:
1969:
1803:
1711:
1705:
1551:
1501:
1459:
1425:
1407:
1393:
1337:
1331:
1311:
1275:
1209:
1155:
1147:
1123:
1057:
1042:
1022:
1014:
957:
937:
929:
903:
885:
692:
555:
548:
541:
521:
446:
412:
398:
219:
41:
2426:
2075:
2055:
2041:
2037:
1915:
1897:
1883:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1835:
1811:
1771:
1595:
1577:
1545:
1507:
1465:
1433:
1363:
1301:
1215:
1201:
1161:
1028:
943:
909:
743:
685:
647:
630:
616:
582:
575:
168:
86:
51:
2491:
1903:
1859:
1817:
1777:
1757:
1699:
1679:
1639:
1583:
1533:
1439:
1245:
1239:
1002:
561:
456:
351:
302:
138:
91:
2358:
2381:
1933:
1645:
1607:
1539:
1221:
1008:
963:
915:
252:
characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a
158:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
2452:
1289:
96:
71:
1295:
372:
Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 - freshwater pulmonates, pond snails
245:
148:
2353:
2188:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377.
490:
2538:
264:
2036:, for instance some pulmonates were more closely related to
1036:
502:
257:
249:
2208:
2269:"A phylogeny of the land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)"
315:
taxonomy of the
Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
2273:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
826:
taxonomy of the
Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
2309:
1728:
2222:
Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families
267:Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be
2183:
2571:
2266:
846:
16:"Pulmonate" redirects here. For other uses, see
2267:Wade, C. M.; Mordan, P. B.; Clarke, B. (2001).
2234:(1â2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1â397.
2220:; ValdĂ©s, Ăngel & WarĂ©n, Anders (2005). "
2099:
2097:
2095:
1309:
824:The taxonomy of this group according to the
313:The taxonomy of this group according to the
831:
2092:
107:
2354:Pulmonate snails & slugs in captivity
2292:
2139:
2129:
2044:. They proposed the more inclusive taxon
2028:(2010) analyzed major groups within the
1107:
1085:
775:
501:
489:
293:lung. Most species have a shell, but no
1145:
2572:
2363:
2362:
2312:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2544:03DD87A3-FF9A-D446-55AC-7910FD03D772
2479:2ae77578-66b5-4b23-9201-003ba713213b
1843:
971:
236:is an informal group (previously an
893:
756:P. Fischer, 1883 = Tracheopulmonata
459:, 1885 = formerly Archaeopulmonata
308:
13:
2260:
2216:; FrĂœda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard;
475:Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
14:
2601:
2347:
2177:
1653:
327:in Blainville, 1814 - pulmonates
2019:
771:
271:in a molecular study per Jörger
125:
39:
2585:Carboniferous first appearances
517:A. Schmidt, 1856 - land snails
2202:
2156:
116:Various examples of Pulmonata
1:
2085:
847:Informal Group Basommatophora
498:snails in a museum collection
449:Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
278:Pulmonata are known from the
2590:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
1737:Subfamily â Palaeoxestininae
1731:Subfamily â Archaeozonitinae
836:Contains the informal group
23:Informal group of gastropods
7:
2332:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.021
1734:Subfamily â Grandipatulinae
795:Praticolella berlandieriana
10:
2606:
2184:Barnes, Robert D. (1982).
301:, and some groups possess
18:Pulmonate (disambiguation)
15:
2371:
763:Beck, 1837 = Heterurethra
619:Gude & Woodward, 1921
285:Pulmonates have a single
209:
204:
122:Scientific classification
120:
115:
106:
30:
2164:ZĂĄklady zoopaleontologie
2131:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323
2110:BMC Evolutionary Biology
832:Informal Group Pulmonata
2580:Obsolete gastropod taxa
1675:Superfamily Dyakioidea
1101:and the informal group
1093:Contains the subclades
780:Examples of Pulmonata:
660:H. & A. Adams, 1855
401:H. & A. Adams, 1855
354:H. & A. Adams, 1855
282:period to the present.
205:Taxonomic subdivisions
2285:10.1098/rspb.2000.1372
821:
801:Megalobulimus oblongus
507:
499:
2526:Paleobiology Database
779:
505:
493:
240:, and before that, a
2474:Fauna Europaea (new)
2186:Invertebrate Zoology
2166:. Olomouc, 264 pp.,
2050:to unite the clades
976:Contains the clades
667:Albers-Martens, 1860
494:Shells of pulmonate
275:, dating from 2010.
37:Carboniferousârecent
2324:2010MolPE..57.1017H
2214:Rocroi, Jean-Pierre
2122:2010BMCEE..10..323J
851:Contains the clade
817:Ashmunella levettei
814:bottom right &
737:Trigonochlamydoidea
1994:Sphincterochilidae
1958:Helminthoglyptidae
1946:Halolimnohelicidae
1940:Epiphragmophoridae
1764:Trigonochlamydidae
1474:Papillodermatoidea
1039:Systellommatophora
978:Systellommatophora
822:
508:
500:
333:Systellommatophora
2567:
2566:
2365:Taxon identifiers
2279:(1465): 413â422.
2210:Bouchet, Philippe
1844:other Sigmurethra
1480:Papillodermatidae
1132:Athoracophoroidea
972:Clade Eupulmonata
789:Bielzia coerulans
754:Athoracophoroidea
727:Strophocheiloidea
674:Moellendorf, 1900
643:Bourguignat, 1877
227:
226:
200:
2597:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2505:NHMSYS0001702185
2495:
2494:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2360:
2359:
2343:
2318:(3): 1017â1025.
2306:
2296:
2254:
2253:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2101:
2006:Trissexodontidae
1632:Thyrophorellidae
1570:Strophocheilidae
1514:Chlamydephoridae
1234:Cylindrellinidae
1138:Athoracophoridae
828:was as follows:
807:Euglandina rosea
672:Plectopylidoidea
588:in Turnton, 1840
496:stylommatophoran
473:Trimusculiformes
317:was as follows:
309:Linnean taxonomy
195:
130:
129:
111:
101:
38:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2367:
2350:
2263:
2261:Further reading
2258:
2257:
2242:
2218:Ponder, Winston
2207:
2203:
2196:
2182:
2178:
2161:
2157:
2102:
2093:
2088:
2064:Pyramidelloidea
2022:
2000:Thysanophoridae
1964:Humboldtianidae
1846:
1830:Boettgerillidae
1786:Helicarionoidea
1724:Trochomorphidae
1718:Pristilomatidae
1688:Gastrodontoidea
1658:
1520:Haplotrematidae
1420:Micractaeonidae
1315:
1310:Informal Group
1264:Spelaeodiscidae
1176:Achatinelloidea
1168:Draparnaudiidae
1151:
1113:
1091:
1088:Stylommatophora
1066:Veronicelloidea
1047:
982:Stylommatophora
974:
899:
849:
834:
804:in the center,
783:Achatina fulica
774:
641:Helixarionoidea
624:Gastrodontoidea
528:Achatinelloidea
515:Stylommatophora
311:
212:Informal group
194:
124:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2461:Fauna Europaea
2457:
2444:
2431:
2421:
2408:
2393:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2348:External links
2346:
2345:
2344:
2307:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2240:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2155:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2060:Glacidorboidea
2052:Siphonarioidea
2030:Heterobranchia
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2012:Xanthonychidae
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1982:Pleurodontidae
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1952:Helicodontidae
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1928:Cochlicellidae
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1824:Agriolimacidae
1820:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1792:Helicarionidae
1782:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1746:Parmacelloidea
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1694:Gastrodontidae
1684:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1663:Staffordioidea
1657:
1655:limacoid clade
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1620:Helicodiscidae
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1590:Anastomopsidae
1586:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1448:Testacelloidea
1444:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1376:Grangerellidae
1372:
1370:Coelociontidae
1366:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1270:Strobilopsidae
1266:
1260:
1254:
1252:Pleurodiscidae
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1190:Cochlicopoidea
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:Achatinellidae
1172:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1106:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1072:Veronicellidae
1062:
1061:
1060:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1011:
999:
998:
997:
989:Trimusculoidea
973:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
960:
948:
947:
946:
934:
933:
932:
920:
919:
918:
912:
898:
892:
891:
890:
889:
888:
882:
874:Siphonarioidea
870:
869:
868:
848:
845:
840:and the clade
838:Basommatophora
833:
830:
798:center right,
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
759:? Superfamily
757:
752:? Superfamily
750:
740:
733:
723:
713:
707:Staffordioidea
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
644:
637:
627:
620:
613:
603:
596:
589:
579:
572:
571:Swainson, 1840
565:
558:
554:Subinfraorder
552:
545:
538:
535:Cochlicopoidea
531:
524:
520:Subinfraorder
488:
487:
486:
485:
484:
483:
480:Trimusculoidea
469:
468:
467:
466:Stimpson, 1851
443:
442:
441:
440:
439:
433:Siphonarioidea
429:
419:
409:
406:Glacidorboidea
402:
395:
385:
370:Basommatophora
366:
365:
364:
363:
362:
359:Rathouisioidea
355:
348:
335:Pilsbry, 1948
310:
307:
299:hermaphroditic
225:
224:
223:
222:
216:
214:Basommatophora
207:
206:
202:
201:
189:
186:Informal group
182:
181:
179:Heterobranchia
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
33:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2602:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2241:3-925919-72-4
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2195:0-03-056747-5
2191:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2172:80-7067-599-3
2169:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:Amphiboloidea
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:2010 taxonomy
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:Bradybaenidae
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:Ariolimacidae
1869:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:Ariophantidae
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:Parmacellidae
1749:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:Staffordiidae
1666:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:Oreohelicidae
1623:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:Cystopeltidae
1599:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:Megomphicidae
1561:
1559:
1558:Macrocyclidae
1555:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:Scolodontidae
1523:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:Superfamily
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:Streptaxoidea
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:Testacellidae
1451:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:Ferussaciidae
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:Placostylidae
1385:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:Orthalicoidea
1349:
1345:
1344:Palaeostoidae
1341:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:Clausilioidea
1317:
1316:
1313:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:Pyramidulidae
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:Cochlicopidae
1193:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1079:
1078:Rathouisiidae
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Trimusculidae
992:
991:
990:
986:
985:
984:
983:
979:
965:
961:
959:
955:
954:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:
925:
921:
917:
913:
911:
907:
906:
905:
901:
900:
897:
887:
883:
881:
880:Siphonariidae
877:
876:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
861:
860:Amphiboloidea
857:
856:
855:
854:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
819:
818:
813:
812:Helix pomatia
810:center left,
809:
808:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
785:
784:
778:
772:2005 taxonomy
762:
758:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
718:
717:Streptaxoidea
714:
711:
708:
704:
702:Pilsbry, 1895
701:
697:
695:Pilsbry, 1893
694:
690:
687:
683:
681:Pilsbry, 1894
680:
676:
673:
669:
666:
665:Orthalicoidea
662:
659:
655:
652:
649:
645:
642:
638:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
608:
607:Clausilioidea
604:
602:Pilsbry, 1895
601:
597:
595:Clessin, 1879
594:
590:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
566:
564:Pilsbry, 1895
563:
559:
557:
553:
550:
546:
544:Pilsbry, 1900
543:
539:
537:Pilsbry, 1900
536:
532:
529:
525:
523:
519:
518:
516:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
497:
492:
481:
477:
476:
474:
470:
465:
461:
460:
458:
455:
451:
450:
448:
444:
437:
434:
430:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
393:
390:
389:Amphiboloidea
386:
383:
380:
376:
375:
374:
373:
371:
367:
361:Sarasin, 1889
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
338:
337:
336:
334:
330:
329:
328:
326:
323:
318:
316:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
280:Carboniferous
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
256:instead of a
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
217:
215:
211:
210:
208:
203:
198:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
29:
26:
19:
2372:
2315:
2311:
2276:
2272:
2231:
2225:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2163:
2158:
2113:
2109:
2047:Panpulmonata
2045:
2034:polyphyletic
2025:
2023:
1976:Monadeniidae
1896:Superfamily
1890:Philomycidae
1852:Superfamily
1847:
1810:Superfamily
1784:Superfamily
1770:Superfamily
1744:Superfamily
1686:Superfamily
1661:Superfamily
1638:Superfamily
1614:Endodontidae
1576:Superfamily
1532:Superfamily
1494:Streptaxidae
1486:Superfamily
1472:Superfamily
1446:Superfamily
1432:Superfamily
1402:Achatinoidea
1400:Superfamily
1382:Megaspiridae
1358:Orthalicidae
1350:Superfamily
1326:Clausiliidae
1318:Superfamily
1288:Superfamily
1282:Vertiginidae
1228:Chondrinidae
1208:Superfamily
1188:Superfamily
1174:Superfamily
1154:Superfamily
1130:Superfamily
1118:Succineoidea
1116:Superfamily
1110:Elasmognatha
1102:
1098:
1095:Elasmognatha
1094:
1092:
1064:Superfamily
1052:Onchidioidea
1050:Superfamily
1021:Superfamily
1001:Superfamily
987:Superfamily
981:
977:
975:
952:Planorboidea
950:Superfamily
936:Superfamily
924:Acroloxoidea
922:Superfamily
902:Superfamily
872:Superfamily
866:Amphibolidae
858:Superfamily
852:
850:
841:
837:
835:
823:
815:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
761:Succineoidea
742:Superfamily
735:Superfamily
725:Superfamily
715:Superfamily
705:Superfamily
700:Sagdidoidera
698:Superfamily
691:Superfamily
684:Superfamily
679:Polygyroidea
677:Superfamily
670:Superfamily
663:Superfamily
658:Oleacinoidea
656:Superfamily
646:Superfamily
639:Superfamily
629:Superfamily
622:Superfamily
615:Superfamily
605:Superfamily
598:Superfamily
593:Buliminoidea
591:Superfamily
581:Superfamily
574:Superfamily
569:Achatinoidea
567:Superfamily
560:Superfamily
551:Turton, 1831
547:Superfamily
540:Superfamily
533:Superfamily
530:Gulick, 1873
526:Superfamily
478:Superfamily
462:Superfamily
431:Superfamily
423:Planorboidea
421:Superfamily
411:Superfamily
408:Ponder, 1986
404:Superfamily
397:Superfamily
387:Superfamily
379:Acroloxoidea
377:Superfamily
357:Superfamily
350:Superfamily
342:Onchidioidea
340:Superfamily
321:
319:
312:
291:vascularised
284:
277:
272:
269:polyphyletic
262:
254:pallial lung
233:
229:
228:
191:
185:
25:
2487:iNaturalist
2397:Wikispecies
2227:Malacologia
2080:Eupulmonata
1988:Polygyridae
1970:Hygromiidae
1804:Urocyclidae
1712:Oxychilidae
1706:Euconulidae
1552:Dorcasiidae
1502:Rhytidoidea
1460:Oleacinidae
1426:Subulinidae
1408:Achatinidae
1394:Urocoptidae
1338:Filholiidae
1332:Anadromidae
1312:Sigmurethra
1276:Valloniidae
1210:Pupilloidea
1156:Partuloidea
1148:Orthurethra
1124:Succineidae
1103:Sigmurethra
1099:Orthurethra
1058:Onchidiidae
1043:Gymnomorpha
1023:Ellobioidea
1015:Smeagolidae
958:Planorbidae
938:Lymnaeoidea
930:Acroloxidae
904:Chilinoidea
886:Acroreiidae
842:Eupulmonata
820:bottom left
786:top right,
693:Rhytidoidea
688:Morse, 1864
626:Tryon, 1866
600:Camaenoidea
578:Baker, 1960
556:Sigmurethra
549:Pupilloidea
542:Partuloidea
522:Orthurethra
513:Infraorder
482:Zilch, 1959
471:Infraorder
464:Melampoidea
452:Infraorder
447:Eupulmonata
413:Lymnaeoidea
399:Chilinoidea
220:Eupulmonata
2574:Categories
2116:(1): 323.
2086:References
2076:Acochlidia
2072:Hygrophila
2056:Sacoglossa
2042:Acochlidia
2038:Sacoglossa
1916:Camaenidae
1898:Helicoidea
1884:Oopeltidae
1878:Binneyidae
1866:Anadenidae
1854:Arionoidea
1836:Vitrinidae
1812:Limacoidea
1772:Zonitoidea
1596:Charopidae
1578:Punctoidea
1546:Caryodidae
1508:Rhytididae
1466:Spiraxidae
1434:Aillyoidea
1364:Cerionidae
1302:Cerastidae
1216:Pupillidae
1202:Amastridae
1162:Partulidae
1029:Ellobiidae
944:Lymnaeidae
910:Chilinidae
896:Hygrophila
853:Hygrophila
792:top left,
744:Zonitoidea
739:Hese, 1882
686:Punctoidea
651:Rafinesque
648:Limacoidea
634:Rafinesque
631:Helicoidea
617:Dyakioidea
583:Arionoidea
576:Aillyoidea
454:Acteophila
426:Rafinesque
416:Rafinesque
345:Rafinesque
303:love darts
234:pulmonates
175:Subclass:
169:Gastropoda
2417:Pulmonata
2403:Pulmonata
2373:Pulmonata
2250:0076-2997
1922:Cepolidae
1904:Helicidae
1860:Arionidae
1818:Limacidae
1778:Zonitidae
1758:Milacidae
1700:Chronidae
1680:Dyakiidae
1640:Sagdoidea
1588:â Family
1584:Punctidae
1534:Acavoidea
1440:Aillyidae
1374:â Family
1342:â Family
1336:â Family
1330:â Family
1246:Orculidae
1240:Lauriidae
1232:â Family
1146:Subclade
1108:Subclade
1003:Otinoidea
884:â Family
720:J.E. Gray
586:J.E. Gray
562:Acavoidea
445:Suborder
436:J.E. Gray
392:J.E. Gray
368:Suborder
352:Otinoidea
331:Suborder
322:Pulmonata
295:operculum
230:Pulmonata
192:Pulmonata
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
31:Pulmonata
2453:53393503
2424:BioLib:
2382:Wikidata
2340:20920591
2303:11270439
2150:20973994
1934:Elonidae
1646:Sagdidae
1608:Discidae
1540:Acavidae
1222:Argnidae
1009:Otinidae
964:Physidae
916:Latiidae
242:subclass
159:Mollusca
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
2388:Q840453
2320:Bibcode
2294:1088622
2141:3087543
2118:Bibcode
2024:Jörger
2010:Family
2004:Family
1998:Family
1992:Family
1986:Family
1980:Family
1974:Family
1968:Family
1962:Family
1956:Family
1950:Family
1944:Family
1938:Family
1932:Family
1926:Family
1920:Family
1914:Family
1908:Family
1902:Family
1888:Family
1882:Family
1876:Family
1870:Family
1864:Family
1858:Family
1834:Family
1828:Family
1822:Family
1816:Family
1802:Family
1796:Family
1790:Family
1776:Family
1762:Family
1756:Family
1750:Family
1722:Family
1716:Family
1710:Family
1704:Family
1698:Family
1692:Family
1678:Family
1667:Family
1644:Family
1630:Family
1624:Family
1618:Family
1612:Family
1606:Family
1600:Family
1594:Family
1582:Family
1568:Family
1562:Family
1556:Family
1550:Family
1544:Family
1538:Family
1524:Family
1518:Family
1512:Family
1506:Family
1492:Family
1478:Family
1464:Family
1458:Family
1452:Family
1438:Family
1424:Family
1418:Family
1412:Family
1406:Family
1392:Family
1386:Family
1380:Family
1368:Family
1362:Family
1356:Family
1324:Family
1300:Family
1294:Family
1290:Enoidea
1280:Family
1274:Family
1268:Family
1262:Family
1256:Family
1250:Family
1244:Family
1238:Family
1226:Family
1220:Family
1214:Family
1200:Family
1194:Family
1180:Family
1166:Family
1160:Family
1136:Family
1122:Family
1076:Family
1070:Family
1056:Family
1027:Family
1013:Family
1007:Family
993:Family
962:Family
956:Family
942:Family
928:Family
914:Family
908:Family
878:Family
864:Family
165:Class:
2338:
2301:
2291:
2248:
2238:
2192:
2170:
2148:
2138:
2026:et al.
1296:Enidae
1086:Clade
1037:Clade
894:Clade
749:, 1864
732:, 1926
730:Thiele
722:, 1806
712:, 1931
710:Thiele
653:, 1815
636:, 1815
612:, 1864
438:, 1840
428:, 1815
418:, 1815
394:, 1840
384:, 1931
382:Thiele
347:, 1815
325:Cuvier
320:Order
287:atrium
273:et al.
246:snails
218:Clade
199:, 1814
197:Cuvier
2552:WoRMS
2539:Plazi
2531:62009
2492:51038
2466:11402
747:Mörch
610:Mörch
265:taxon
250:slugs
244:) of
238:order
2518:6519
2513:NCBI
2435:BOLD
2427:2539
2336:PMID
2299:PMID
2246:ISSN
2236:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2146:PMID
2078:and
2040:and
1041:( =
980:and
457:Dall
263:The
258:gill
248:and
42:Preê
2557:103
2500:NBN
2448:EoL
2440:415
2412:ADW
2328:doi
2289:PMC
2281:doi
2277:268
2224:".
2136:PMC
2126:doi
232:or
2576::
2554::
2541::
2528::
2515::
2502::
2489::
2476::
2463::
2450::
2437::
2414::
2399::
2384::
2334:.
2326:.
2316:57
2314:.
2297:.
2287:.
2275:.
2271:.
2244:.
2232:47
2230:.
2212:;
2144:.
2134:.
2124:.
2114:10
2112:.
2108:.
2094:^
2082:.
2074:,
2070:,
2066:,
2062:,
2058:,
2054:,
1097:,
305:.
188::
92:Pg
2342:.
2330::
2322::
2305:.
2283::
2252:.
2198:.
2174:.
2152:.
2128::
2120::
1045:)
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:ê
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
