710:
1046:
835:
667:
647:
613:
1111:
926:
577:
206:
80:
894:
806:
730:
55:
759:
2229:
31:
2217:
1097:
and remain suspended in the water for 15–20 hours. The hatched larvae have a large yolk sac with no functional eyes, gut or fins, but two days later, the yolk is absorbed, and the larvae have more of a resemblance to fish. These larvae are plankton-eaters and grow quickly. Between the ages of three
889:
outer ring and dotted with electric blue spots. This crown is the main feature distinguishing the species from the
Bermuda blue angelfish. Juveniles are dark blue with bright blue vertical stripes and a yellow pectoral area. They resemble juvenile blue angelfish and are distinguished by more curved
1077:
involves the male showing his side to the female and flicking his pectoral fins at her or "soaring" above them. At the beginning of spawning, the female swims towards the surface with the male swimming under her with his snout pressing against her
1098:
and four weeks old, when they have reached a length of 15 to 20 mm (0.6 to 0.8 in), they descend to the floor as juveniles. Juvenile angelfish live alone and in territories encompassing finger sponges and coral, where they establish
1015:. Queen angelfish appear to be selective feeders as the proportion of prey in their diet does not correlate with their abundance. On the species level, the angelfish of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago target the less common sponges
1063:. The largest harem female may transform into a male if the territorial male disappears. Around midday, the females forage individually in different locations. The male tends to each of them, rushing at, circling, and feeding next to them.
916:
There are records of at least two wild queen angelfish at St. Peter and St. Paul with a "pughead" skeletal deformity, a squashed upper jaw and a lower jaw that sticks out. Such deformities mostly occur in captive fish.
909:, Brazil. The most commonly recorded is a mostly gold or bright orange morph. Other morphs may be bright blue with some yellow, black or white coloration or even all white. Another color morph was recorded off
376:. It is recognized by its blue and yellow coloration and a distinctive spot or "crown" on its forehead. This crown distinguishes it from the closely related and similar-looking Bermuda blue angelfish (
566:
known as the
Townsend angelfish which has features similar to both parent species. The Townsend angelfish is fertile, and individuals can breed both with each other and with the two parent species.
2087:
Monteiro-Neto, C.; Cunha, F. E. A.; Nottingham, M. C.; Araújo, M. E.; Rosa, I. L.; Barros, G. M. L. (2003). "Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil".
1011:, 90% of the diet of adults is sponges. Off the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, more than 30 prey species may be consumed, 68% being sponges, 25% being algae, and 5% being
2177:
Stern, N.; Rachmilovitz, E. N.; Sharon, G.; Diamant, A. (2016). "The dire implications of releasing marine ornamental fishes into the wild: first reported case from the Red Sea".
1443:
Alva-Campbell, Y.; Floeter, S. R.; Robertson, D. R.; Bellwood, D. R.; Bernardi, G. (2010). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of
Holacanthus angelfishes (Pomacanthidae)".
881:. Both the dorsal and anal fins have orange-yellow end points, while the pectoral fins have blue patches at the base. On the forehead is an eye-like spot or "crown" that is
302:
321:
2019:
1305:
1988:
Nottingham, Mara C.; Feitosa Silva, José Roberto; de Araújo, Maria
Elisabeth (2003). "Morphology and Histology of the Testicles of Queen Angelfish
2548:
2390:
1090:
into the water. The female discharges between 25 and 75 thousand eggs a day. After spawning, the pair split and head to back to the ocean floor.
276:
1150:
1137:
In Brazil, the queen angelfish is the most common marine ornamental fish sold aboard. From 1995 to 2000, 43,730 queen angelfish were traded at
429:
2429:
2602:
1767:
Moyer, J. T.; Thresher, R. E.; Colin, P. L. (1983). "Courtship, spawning and inferred social organization of
American angelfishes (Genera
2535:
2364:
2233:
1190:
2561:
2403:
2033:
Larkin, S. L.; de
Bodisco, C.; Degner, R. L. (2008). "Wholesale and Retail Break-Even Prices for MAC-Certified Queen Angelfish (
906:
2617:
2455:
2221:
2566:
2408:
2622:
929:
1412:
2046:
1742:
1633:
862:
has 3 spines and 20–21 soft rays. The dorsal and anal fins both dangle behind the body. This species attains a maximum
709:
2071:
1180:
from the aquarium industry and not natural colonizations. In 2015, an aquarium-introduced angelfish was found in the
1004:
265:
1059:
of two to four females. Little is known about the sexual development of the species, though they are presumed to be
2574:
2481:
469:
2434:
2612:
453:
195:
2290:
1319:
1134:
and hence have a higher survival rate than individuals taken as adults, which require a more specialized diet.
409:
float in the water until they hatch. Juveniles of the species have different coloration than adults and act as
964:
or bottom-dwelling and occur from shallow waters close to shore down to 70 m (230 ft). They live in
1941:
Reis, F.; Moraes, F.; Batista, D.; Villaça, R.; Aguiar, A.; Muricy, G. (2013). "Diet of the queen angelfish
1542:
Reyes-Bonilla, H.; Alvarez-Filip, F.; Sánchez-Alcántara, I. (2010). "New records of the
Townsend angelfish (
2134:"A bonanza of angelfish (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean: the second documented record of
1340:
2312:
842:
The queen angelfish has a broad, flattened, oval-shaped body with triangular tail fin, a reduced, dulled
2317:
1194:, which was not previously recorded in Red Sea fish, raising concerns that it could infect native fish.
890:
vertical stripes. Growing juveniles develop transitional patterns as they reach their adult coloration.
79:
910:
2579:
2486:
1060:
2101:
1700:
1367:"Order Acanthuriformes (Part 1): Families Lobotidae, Pomacanthidae, Drepaneidae and Chaetodontidae"
1242:
944:
areas of the
Western Atlantic Ocean around the coasts and islands of the Americas. They occur from
545:
913:, Florida, in 2009. This fish was mostly cobalt blue with white and yellow-orange colored areas.
642:
558:
486:
461:
378:
250:
2553:
2395:
2252:
2096:
1185:
902:
1649:
Shen, K-N; Chang, C-W; Chen, C-H; Hsiao, C-D (2015). "Complete mitogenomes of King angelfish (
2304:
2013:
886:
801:
524:
519:
174:
2473:
2421:
1849:
Feeley, M.; Luiz, O. J. Jr; Zurcher, N. (2009). "Colour morph of a probable queen angelfish
1274:
2607:
2338:
2299:
1954:
1862:
1788:
1586:
1500:
1301:
725:
287:
261:
1550:
hybrid) and range extension of the Blue angelfish (H. bermudensis) in the
Caribbean Sea".
1141:
in the northeast of the country, and in 1995, 75% of marine fish sold were both queen and
8:
533:
441:
44:
1958:
1866:
1792:
1504:
2194:
2159:
2114:
1970:
1923:
1804:
1682:
1567:
1524:
1177:
1131:
1123:
754:
394:
298:
218:
74:
1110:
873:
The species is covered in yellow-tipped blue-green scales, with a bright yellow tail,
2522:
2468:
2325:
2163:
2067:
2042:
1878:
1874:
1823:
1738:
1686:
1674:
1629:
1571:
1528:
1516:
1460:
1314:
1219:
1169:
1074:
867:
705:
541:
504:
for the species include "blue angelfish", "golden angelfish" and "yellow angelfish".
2198:
2118:
1974:
1927:
1808:
1130:, where they are highly valued. As juveniles, angelfish can adapt to eating typical
666:
2513:
2330:
2186:
2149:
2106:
2001:
1962:
1913:
1870:
1796:
1666:
1559:
1508:
1452:
1237:
1142:
1099:
925:
863:
646:
612:
563:
507:
2527:
1670:
2442:
1083:
1056:
1008:
851:
562:), from which it split around 1.5 mya. They are known to interbreed, producing a
406:
398:
390:
2005:
1512:
1456:
1045:
874:
949:
834:
365:
121:
2190:
2110:
1966:
1918:
1897:
205:
2596:
2416:
2275:
2240:
1228:
1146:
1000:
953:
482:
465:
449:
425:
361:
191:
141:
64:
59:
2154:
2133:
1563:
1484:
1217:
859:
855:
576:
1882:
1678:
1541:
1520:
1464:
1366:
1161:
1094:
996:
961:
893:
549:
537:
410:
369:
2447:
866:
of 45 cm (18 in) and weight of 1,600 g (56 oz). Males
2377:
2284:
1127:
882:
608:
529:
501:
477:
417:
151:
131:
805:
729:
2540:
2369:
2356:
1828:(Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) population of St. Paul's Rocks, NE Brazil"
1800:
969:
965:
941:
878:
847:
758:
497:
373:
1364:
2382:
1442:
1188:, Israel. Its kidney was infected with the disease-causing bacterium
1138:
1115:
1068:
984:
570:
553:
402:
91:
2246:
1079:
1067:
in this species occurs year-round. It is observed sometime around a
960:
and the Saint Peter and Saint Paul
Archipelago. Queen angelfish are
2507:
2351:
2269:
2228:
1898:"First record of pughead skeletal deformity in the queen angelfish
1628:(2nd ed.). New World Publications. pp. 175–176, 180–181.
1279:
1064:
1028:
988:
980:
397:
where the females forage separately and are tended to by the male.
111:
2086:
1947:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
393:
which include one male and up to four females. They live within a
30:
2343:
2039:
Marine Ornamental Species: Collection, Culture & Conservation
1902:(St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Mid Atlantic Ridge, Brazil)"
1181:
1165:
1154:
1012:
957:
945:
937:
357:
2460:
1987:
580:
Townsend angelfish, a hybrid of queen and Bermuda blue angelfish
2216:
1945:(Pomacanthidae) in SĂŁo Pedro e SĂŁo Paulo Archipelago, Brazil".
1049:
1017:
976:
421:
386:
101:
2176:
385:
Adult queen angelfish are selective feeders and primarily eat
1173:
992:
843:
473:
514:
likely emerged between 10.2 and 7.6 million years ago (
1992:(Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Perciformes: Pomacanthidae)".
1218:
Pyle, R.; Myers, R. F.; Rocha, L. A.; Craig, M. T. (2010).
1087:
1157:
off Brazil and the wild population appeared to be secure.
1895:
1587:"Hybridization between the western Atlantic angelfishes,
1365:
Scharpf, Christopher; Lazara, Kenneth J. (21 July 2020).
515:
420:
and has been a particularly common exported species from
1940:
1705:
Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information
1300:
382:), with which it overlaps in range and can interbreed.
2032:
846:
and a small mouth containing bristle-like teeth. The
1737:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 221–224.
1482:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1055:Male queen angelfish have large territories with a
956:down to Brazil. Their range extends as far east as
1896:Francini-Filho, R. B.; Amado-Filho, G. M. (2012).
1766:
1648:
1304:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
2131:
2018:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1848:
2594:
1431:
1371:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
1160:Queen angelfish have been caught in the eastern
485:words "holos" (full) and "akantha" (thorn). Its
1701:"Species: Holacanthus ciliaris, Blue angelfish"
1626:Reef Fish Behavior: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas
1483:Tariel, J.; Longo, G. C.; Bernardi, G. (2016).
1145:. In 2010, the queen angelfish was assessed as
424:. In 2010, the queen angelfish was assessed as
372:(ocean floor) warm-water species that lives in
1623:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1272:
1243:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165883A6156566.en
1151:International Union for Conservation of Nature
432:as the wild population appeared to be stable.
430:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1733:Snyder, David B.; Burgess, George H. (2016).
1732:
468:". In 1802 it was moved by French naturalist
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1478:
1476:
1474:
544:3.5–3.1 mya led to the splitting off of the
1612:
2132:Deidun, A.; Galdies, J.; Zava, B. (2020).
2061:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1122:Queen angelfish are not normally eaten or
204:
53:
29:
2153:
2100:
2037:)". In Cato, J. C.; Brown, C. L. (eds.).
1917:
1751:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1707:. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
1471:
1241:
1109:
1044:
924:
905:have been recorded off the coast of the
892:
833:
575:
481:, the name of which is derived from the
1584:
1275:"Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758)"
1257:
1153:, as the species is only significantly
2595:
1719:
1358:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
907:Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago
416:The queen angelfish is popular in the
2251:
2250:
1493:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1445:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1407:
1105:
972:, and swim either alone or in pairs.
389:. Their social structure consists of
1824:"Colour Morphs in a Queen Angelfish
1821:
1693:
1624:Deloach, Ned; Deloach, Anne (2019).
1489:angelfishes based on RADseq markers"
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
930:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
556:and similar Bermuda blue angelfish (
492:means "fringed", a reference to its
2603:IUCN Red List least concern species
2026:
1294:
1229:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1204:
1126:. They are captured mostly for the
897:Juvenile closer to adult coloration
13:
548:species. The closest relative and
522:species is the Guinean angelfish (
14:
2634:
2209:
1485:"Tempo and mode of speciation in
1384:
1191:Photobacterium damselae piscicida
2227:
2215:
2041:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 126.
1875:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02259.x
1345:World Register of Marine Species
1273:Froese, Rainer (December 2019).
804:
757:
728:
708:
665:
645:
611:
573:is based on molecular evidence:
536:colonized the Atlantic from the
78:
2170:
2125:
2080:
2055:
1981:
1934:
1889:
1842:
1815:
1781:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1657:) (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae)".
1642:
1578:
464:given as the "Western Atlantic/
1535:
1333:
1320:California Academy of Sciences
829:
552:of the queen angelfish is the
440:The queen angelfish was first
1:
2089:Biodiversity and Conservation
2008:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1853:from Dry Tortugas, Florida".
1671:10.3109/19401736.2015.1053081
1419:. Florida Museum. 10 May 2017
1197:
1040:
936:Queen angelfish are found in
401:in the species occurs near a
213:Range of the queen angelfish
2618:Fish of the Western Atlantic
1552:Caribbean Journal of Science
1341:"Holacanthus Lacepède, 1802"
1176:, in 2020. These are likely
7:
2623:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2006:10.32360/acmar.v36i1-2.6602
1994:Arquivos de CiĂŞncias do Mar
1513:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.010
1457:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.014
470:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
435:
313:(Jordan & Rutter, 1897)
16:Species of marine angelfish
10:
2639:
1602:Bulletin of Marine Science
1082:. They then deposit their
1061:protogynous hermaphrodites
920:
2497:
2259:
2191:10.1007/s12526-016-0600-4
1967:10.1017/S0025315412001099
1919:10.1007/s00338-012-0975-z
1093:The transparent eggs are
999:and establish and remove
799:
752:
723:
703:
696:
689:
660:
640:
633:
626:
606:
599:
592:
224:
217:
212:
203:
180:
173:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1735:Marine Fishes of Florida
1659:Mitochondrial DNA Part A
546:Tropical Eastern Pacific
2155:10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.16
2111:10.1023/A:1023096023733
2064:Marine Aquarium Keeping
1855:Journal of Fish Biology
1822:Luiz, O. J. Jr (2003).
1653:) and Queen angelfish (
1564:10.18475/cjos.v46i2.a24
1544:Holacanthus bermudensis
379:Holacanthus bermudensis
2613:Fish described in 1758
1832:Tropical Fish Hobbyist
1413:"Holacanthus ciliaris"
1306:"Species in the genus
1119:
1052:
1003:from bigger fish. Off
933:
898:
839:
643:Bermuda blue angelfish
581:
532:, indicating that the
2243:on Sealife Collection
2066:. Wiley. p. 87.
1589:Holacanthus isabelita
1302:Eschmeyer, William N.
1236:: e.T165883A6156566.
1113:
1048:
928:
896:
837:
579:
540:. The closure of the
525:Holacanthus africanus
364:found in the western
344:), also known as the
273:Holacanthus coronatus
247:Chaetodon squamulosus
239:Angelichthys ciliaris
2305:Holacanthus_ciliaris
2291:Holacanthus ciliaris
2261:Holacanthus ciliaris
2224:at Wikimedia Commons
2222:Holacanthus ciliaris
2142:BioInvasions Records
2136:Holacanthus ciliaris
2035:Holacanthus ciliaris
1990:Holacanthus ciliaris
1943:Holacanthus ciliaris
1900:Holacanthus ciliaris
1851:Holacanthus ciliaris
1826:Holacanthus ciliaris
1655:Holacanthus ciliaris
1585:Feddern, H. (1968).
1222:Holacanthus ciliaris
975:Queen angelfish eat
932:, Key Largo, Florida
838:With "crown" visible
726:Clipperton angelfish
341:Holacanthus ciliaris
310:Angelichthys iodocus
284:Holacanthus formosus
184:Holacanthus ciliaris
2179:Marine Biodiversity
2062:Spotte, S. (1993).
1959:2013JMBUK..93..453R
1867:2009JFBio..74.2415F
1793:1983EnvBF...9...25M
1779:; Pomacanthidae)".
1505:2016MolPE..98...84T
1186:Eilat's Coral Beach
1168:, in 2011, and the
1124:commercially fished
995:. Juveniles act as
528:) off the coast of
318:Holacanthus lunatus
295:Holacanthus iodocus
45:Conservation status
2499:Chaetodon ciliaris
1801:10.1007/BF00001056
1651:Holacanthus passer
1120:
1106:Human interactions
1053:
934:
899:
840:
582:
446:Chaetodon ciliaris
405:. The transparent
231:Chaetodon ciliaris
2590:
2589:
2469:Open Tree of Life
2253:Taxon identifiers
2220:Media related to
2138:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
1861:(10): 2415–2421.
1315:Catalog of Fishes
1170:Mediterranean Sea
1100:cleaning stations
1005:St. Thomas Island
826:
825:
817:
816:
802:Guinean angelfish
788:
787:
779:
778:
770:
769:
741:
740:
706:Clarion angelfish
678:
677:
542:Isthmus of Panama
332:
331:
325:
314:
306:
291:
280:
269:
254:
243:
235:
68:
2630:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2307:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2248:
2247:
2232:Data related to
2231:
2219:
2203:
2202:
2185:(3): 1615–1620.
2174:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2095:(6): 1287–1295.
2084:
2078:
2077:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1665:(4): 2815–2816.
1646:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1558:(2–3): 339–345.
1539:
1533:
1532:
1480:
1469:
1468:
1440:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1270:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1215:
1143:French angelfish
1102:for other fish.
808:
761:
732:
712:
699:
698:
692:
691:
669:
649:
636:
635:
629:
628:
615:
602:
601:
595:
594:
585:
584:
508:Marine angelfish
494:squamis ciliatis
362:marine angelfish
354:yellow angelfish
350:golden angelfish
320:
312:
297:
286:
275:
260:
258:Chaetodon parrae
249:
242:(Linnaeus, 1758)
241:
233:
208:
186:
166:H. ciliaris
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
24:Queen angelfish
21:
20:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2443:Observation.org
2441:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2255:
2241:Queen angelfish
2234:Queen angelfish
2212:
2207:
2206:
2175:
2171:
2130:
2126:
2102:10.1.1.610.6568
2085:
2081:
2074:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2031:
2027:
2011:
2010:
1986:
1982:
1939:
1935:
1894:
1890:
1847:
1843:
1820:
1816:
1765:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1613:
1597:
1583:
1579:
1540:
1536:
1481:
1472:
1441:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1271:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1216:
1205:
1200:
1108:
1043:
1035:Asteropus niger
1009:Salvador, Bahia
923:
854:and 19–21 soft
832:
827:
818:
789:
780:
771:
742:
679:
663:Queen angelfish
458:Systema Naturae
438:
336:queen angelfish
328:
227:
199:
188:
182:
169:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2309:
2296:
2281:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2236:at Wikispecies
2225:
2211:
2210:External links
2208:
2205:
2204:
2169:
2148:(4): 827–833.
2124:
2079:
2072:
2054:
2048:978-0813829876
2047:
2025:
2000:(1–2): 89–94.
1980:
1953:(2): 453–460.
1933:
1888:
1841:
1814:
1750:
1744:978-1421418728
1743:
1718:
1692:
1641:
1635:978-1878348685
1634:
1611:
1577:
1534:
1470:
1451:(1): 456–461.
1430:
1383:
1357:
1332:
1293:
1256:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1128:aquarium trade
1107:
1104:
1042:
1039:
950:Gulf of Mexico
922:
919:
870:than females.
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
811:
810:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
773:
772:
768:
767:
764:
763:
755:King angelfish
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
739:
738:
735:
734:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
676:
675:
672:
671:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
639:
634:
632:
627:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
583:
569:The following
559:H. bermudensis
550:sister species
437:
434:
418:aquarium trade
366:Atlantic Ocean
346:blue angelfish
330:
329:
327:
326:
315:
307:
292:
281:
270:
255:
244:
236:
234:Linnaeus, 1758
226:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
210:
209:
201:
200:
189:
178:
177:
171:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
122:Actinopterygii
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:9780471594895
2069:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1608:(2): 351–382.
1607:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1418:
1417:Discover Fish
1414:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:introductions
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:least concern
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1132:aquarium food
1129:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:Erylus latens
1021:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:ectoparasites
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
968:, preferring
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:Caribbean Sea
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
927:
918:
914:
912:
908:
904:
895:
891:
888:
887:electric blue
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
868:may be larger
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
836:
822:
821:
813:
812:
809:
807:
803:
797:
796:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
766:
765:
762:
760:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
737:
736:
733:
731:
727:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
711:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:
673:
670:
668:
664:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
644:
638:
637:
631:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
614:
610:
604:
603:
597:
596:
590:
587:
586:
578:
574:
572:
567:
565:
561:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
513:
510:of the genus
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:
487:specific name
484:
483:Ancient Greek
480:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:type locality
459:
455:
451:
450:Carl Linnaeus
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
426:least concern
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
245:
240:
237:
232:
229:
228:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
197:
193:
187:
185:
179:
176:
175:Binomial name
172:
168:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:Pomacanthidae
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2498:
2260:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2063:
2057:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2014:cite journal
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1912:(211): 211.
1909:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1787:(1): 25–39.
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:Pornacanthus
1768:
1734:
1709:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1625:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1448:
1444:
1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1313:
1307:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1278:
1247:. Retrieved
1233:
1227:
1221:
1189:
1162:Adriatic Sea
1159:
1136:
1121:
1114:Aquarium in
1092:
1073:
1054:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1016:
997:cleaner fish
974:
935:
915:
911:Dry Tortugas
903:color morphs
901:Seven other
900:
872:
864:total length
850:contains 14
841:
800:
753:
724:
704:
662:
661:
641:
607:
588:
568:
557:
538:Indian Ocean
523:
518:). The most
511:
506:
502:common names
493:
489:
476:
457:
454:10th edition
445:
439:
415:
411:cleaner fish
384:
377:
353:
349:
345:
340:
339:
335:
333:
317:
309:
294:
283:
272:
257:
246:
238:
230:
183:
181:
165:
164:
152:
18:
2608:Holacanthus
2378:iNaturalist
2285:Wikispecies
1906:Coral Reefs
1838:(5): 81–90.
1773:Holacanthus
1711:22 February
1593:H. ciliaris
1548:H. ciliaris
1487:Holacanthus
1423:22 February
1376:22 February
1350:24 November
1325:21 February
1308:Holacanthus
1286:21 February
1249:19 November
970:soft corals
966:coral reefs
942:subtropical
883:cobalt blue
879:pelvic fins
830:Description
609:Rock beauty
589:Holacanthus
530:West Africa
512:Holacanthus
478:Holacanthus
460:, with the
448:in 1758 by
374:coral reefs
153:Holacanthus
132:Perciformes
2597:Categories
2514:Q106413841
2239:Photos of
1777:Centropyge
1198:References
1041:Life cycle
987:, corals,
948:along the
858:, and the
848:dorsal fin
500:"). Other
496:("ciliate
368:. It is a
2164:229615030
2097:CiteSeerX
1687:207745744
1572:130966144
1529:205840957
1499:: 84–88.
1139:Fortaleza
1116:Barcelona
1075:Courtship
1069:full moon
1013:bryozoans
985:jellyfish
981:tunicates
571:cladogram
554:sympatric
466:Caribbean
442:described
403:full moon
395:territory
288:Castelnau
277:Desmarest
266:Schneider
160:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
2554:11041102
2508:Wikidata
2396:10149047
2352:FishBase
2344:46581129
2270:Wikidata
2199:14359958
2119:19814034
1975:87827468
1928:43730987
1883:20735563
1809:25999869
1679:26119118
1521:26876637
1465:20171293
1280:Fishbase
1065:Spawning
1029:Clathria
989:plankton
952:and the
938:tropical
885:with an
875:pectoral
860:anal fin
490:ciliaris
436:Taxonomy
399:Breeding
219:Synonyms
192:Linnaeus
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
2541:2396377
2370:5211452
2276:Q453994
1955:Bibcode
1863:Bibcode
1789:Bibcode
1501:Bibcode
1182:Red Sea
1166:Croatia
1149:by the
1118:, Spain
1095:pelagic
1020:neptuni
977:sponges
962:benthic
958:Bermuda
946:Florida
921:Ecology
534:lineage
472:to the
456:of his
452:in the
428:by the
387:sponges
370:benthic
358:species
356:, is a
322:Blosser
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
2580:302646
2567:169559
2487:276012
2474:250283
2461:276012
2448:194990
2422:165883
2409:169623
2197:
2162:
2117:
2099:
2070:
2045:
1973:
1926:
1881:
1807:
1741:
1685:
1677:
1632:
1570:
1527:
1519:
1463:
1172:, off
1164:, off
1155:fished
1050:Belize
1033:, and
1018:Geodia
991:, and
852:spines
564:hybrid
498:scales
422:Brazil
391:harems
324:, 1909
305:, 1897
303:Rutter
301:&
299:Jordan
290:, 1855
279:, 1823
268:, 1801
264:&
253:, 1796
38:Adult
2575:WoRMS
2549:IRMNG
2482:WoRMS
2435:75024
2391:IRMNG
2383:47235
2331:3M72R
2318:60132
2195:S2CID
2160:S2CID
2115:S2CID
1971:S2CID
1924:S2CID
1805:S2CID
1683:S2CID
1598:(PDF)
1568:S2CID
1525:S2CID
1174:Malta
1088:semen
1057:harem
1031:calla
993:algae
844:snout
520:basal
474:genus
352:, or
262:Bloch
2562:ITIS
2536:GBIF
2528:TBVH
2456:OBIS
2430:NCBI
2417:IUCN
2404:ITIS
2365:GBIF
2357:3609
2313:BOLD
2068:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2020:link
1879:PMID
1775:and
1739:ISBN
1713:2021
1675:PMID
1630:ISBN
1591:and
1517:PMID
1461:PMID
1425:2021
1378:2021
1352:2021
1327:2021
1288:2021
1251:2021
1234:2010
1086:and
1084:eggs
1080:vent
1007:and
940:and
877:and
856:rays
407:eggs
334:The
251:Shaw
196:1758
2523:CoL
2339:EoL
2326:CoL
2300:ADW
2187:doi
2150:doi
2107:doi
2002:doi
1963:doi
1914:doi
1871:doi
1797:doi
1667:doi
1560:doi
1509:doi
1453:doi
1238:doi
1184:at
516:mya
444:as
360:of
2599::
2577::
2564::
2551::
2538::
2525::
2510::
2484::
2471::
2458::
2445::
2432::
2419::
2406::
2393::
2380::
2367::
2354::
2341::
2328::
2315::
2302::
2287::
2272::
2193:.
2183:48
2181:.
2158:.
2144:.
2140:.
2113:.
2105:.
2093:12
2091:.
2016:}}
2012:{{
1998:36
1996:.
1969:.
1961:.
1951:93
1949:.
1922:.
1910:32
1908:.
1904:.
1877:.
1869:.
1859:74
1857:.
1836:51
1834:.
1830:.
1803:.
1795:.
1783:.
1771:,
1753:^
1721:^
1703:.
1681:.
1673:.
1663:27
1661:.
1614:^
1606:18
1604:.
1600:.
1566:.
1556:46
1554:.
1546:X
1523:.
1515:.
1507:.
1497:98
1495:.
1491:.
1473:^
1459:.
1449:56
1447:.
1433:^
1415:.
1386:^
1369:.
1343:.
1318:.
1312:.
1277:.
1259:^
1232:.
1226:.
1206:^
1071:.
1037:.
1026:,
1022:,
983:,
979:,
413:.
348:,
194:,
2201:.
2189::
2166:.
2152::
2146:9
2121:.
2109::
2076:.
2051:.
2022:)
2004::
1977:.
1965::
1957::
1930:.
1916::
1885:.
1873::
1865::
1811:.
1799::
1791::
1785:9
1747:.
1715:.
1689:.
1669::
1638:.
1595:"
1574:.
1562::
1531:.
1511::
1503::
1467:.
1455::
1427:.
1380:.
1354:.
1329:.
1310:"
1290:.
1253:.
1240::
1224:"
1220:"
338:(
198:)
190:(
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
