31:
492:
416:, Scipio decided to succeed Caesar as the father-in-law of Pompey, and approached Pompey with an offer to marry him to Cornelia, which Pompey accepted. Pompey was at least thirty years older than Cornelia. This marriage was one of the acts by which Pompey severed his alliance to Caesar and declared himself the champion of the optimates. He and Scipio were consuls together in 52.
1026:, vol. II, pp. 171, 172 (note 4), 189, 201, 207 (note 1), 215, 229, 260–261, 275, 288, 297, 540; vol. III (1986), pp. 41–42 (where Broughton recants his earlier identification of Scipio as a tribune, and discusses at some length the scholarly debate on evidence pertaining to whether he was tribune and when he was aedile). Primary sources on Metellus's
1344:
whorehouse in his own house, and pimped out Mucia and Flavia, each of them notable for her father and husband, along with the aristocratic boy
Saturninus. Bodies in shameless submission, ready to come for a game of drunken sex! A banquet not for honoring consul and tribunes, but indicting them!" Latin text available at
386:
to
Metellus Scipio, but was now free, since Scipio had rejected her and the betrothal had been broken. However, before the marriage Scipio changed his mind again, and by dint of every effort got the maid. Cato was greatly exasperated and inflamed by this, and attempted to go to law about it; but his
1343:
9.1.8: "Just as notorious was that party arranged for
Metellus Scipio when he was consul and for the people's tribunes — by Gemellus, their tribunicial errand boy. He was a free man by birth, but twisted by his business to play the servant's role. Society gave a collective blush: he established a
395:
The couple had one son, a
Metellus Scipio who seems to have died when he was only 18. Another son may have been born around 70 BC, or a son may have been adopted. The couple's much more famous daughter was born around that time as well. Scipio first married off the celebrated
613:
and saw his ship in the power of the enemy. He therefore pierced his body with a sword; and when they asked where the commander was, he replied: 'All is well with the commander.' These words brought him up to the level of his ancestors and suffered not the
1218:
In capita singula servorum ac liberorum tributum imponebatur; columnaria, ostiaria, frumentum, milites, arma, remiges, tormenta, vecturae imperabantur; cuius modo rei nomen reperiri poterat, hoc satis esse ad cogendas pecunias
529:
He put a per capita tax on slaves and children; he taxed columns, doors, grain, soldiers, weaponry, oarsmen, and machinery; if a name could be found for a thing, that was seen as sufficient for making money from
452:
in 59 BC, but his patrician status argues against his holding the office. It is possible that Scipio's adoption into a plebeian gens may have qualified him for a tribunate on a technicality. He may have been
366:
was alive. He was sometimes called "Metellus Scipio", or just "Scipio", after his adoption. The official form of his name as evidenced in a decree of the senate was "Q. Caecilius Q. f. Fab. Metellus Scipio."
457:
in 57 BC, when he presented funeral games in honour of his adopted father's death, six years earlier. He was praetor, most likely in 55 BC, during the second consulship of
Pompeius and Marcus Crassus.
575:, probably in early 47. In 46, he held command at the Battle of Thapsus, "without skill or success," and was defeated along with Cato. After the defeat, he tried to escape to the
1533:
922:
1100:. (see also for discussion of Metellus Scipio's names). Tribunate rejected and patrician status affirmed most emphatically by Linderski, "Q. Scipio Imperator," p. 149
705:
1276:
his temporibus Scipio detrimentis quibusdam circa montem Amanum acceptis imperatorem se appellaverat. Quo facto civitatibus tyrannisque magnas imperaverat pecunias
1105:
409:
382:
When thought that he was old enough to marry, and up to that time he had consorted with no woman, he engaged himself to Lepida, who had formerly been
879:
754:
355:
1513:
310:
622:, but a greater deed to conquer death. 'All is well with the commander!' Ought a general to die otherwise, especially one of Cato's generals?
775:
476:
before the death of
Crassus in 53 BC. "Opportune deaths," notes Syme, "had enhanced his value, none remaining now of the Metellan consuls."
1371:— fail to take advantage of, when their creditors are closing in on them? And if they win, what actions would they take against citizens?"
762:
329:, and was survived by two sons and two daughters. The brother was adopted by their grandfather Crassus, but left little mark on history.
639:
From all that can be learned of this Scipio, he was as personally despicable and as politically reactionary as they come: a defender of
1052:
969:
401:
908:: a condition of accepting the inheritance was to preserve the name of Metellus Pius, who died without a male heir; Linderski, p. 148.
649:
1171:
560:
472:
Indisputably aristocratic and conservative, Metellus Scipio had been at least a symbolic counterweight to the power of the so-called
1563:
681:
1485:
1364:
1388:
1121:
Since only a patrician could be interrex, the holding of this office casts further doubt on whether he was ever plebeian tribune.
1518:
1368:
591:
Facing death, Metellus Scipio achieved an uncharacteristic dignity, famously departing from his soldiers with a nonchalant "
1278:). John H. Collins calls this remark "the only genuine joke in the Commentaries." "Caesar and the Corruption of Power", in
1409:
663:
571:. With the support of his former rival-in-romance Cato, he wrested the chief command of Pompeius' forces from the loyal
1558:
371:
469:. He became consul with Pompeius in 52 BC, the year he arranged the marriage of his newly widowed daughter to him.
442:
1528:
1523:
341:
609:
Take, for example, Scipio, the father-in-law of Gnaeus
Pompeius: he was driven back upon the African coast by a
1457:
1048:
965:
466:
438:
1270:, iii. 31: "It was during this time that Scipio sustained some losses around Mount Amanus and called himself
894:
483:
by 57 BC, and was probably nominated upon the death of his adoptive father in 63, and subsequently elected.
285:, he was a staunch supporter of the latter. He led troops against Caesar's forces, mainly in the battles of
1543:
807:
677:
1429:
632:
540:
525:, where he took up winter quarters, he used often oppressive means to gather ships, troops, and money:
1538:
890:, lx. 51, where he is referred to as "Quintus Scipio"; for the passage, see Bill Thayer's edition at
358:
has shown at length, this legal process constitutes adoption only in a loose sense; Scipio becomes a
1453:
556:
351:
333:
1481:
1234:
794:
568:
405:
314:
583:. He committed suicide by stabbing himself, so he would not fall into the hands of his enemies.
1503:
1089:
709:
518:
239:
80:
30:
374:, consul in 77 BC, but was not without rival in seeking to marry Aemilia Lepida. The virginal
1508:
1464:
522:
270:
215:
939:
34 (1985), p. 251, note 21. Linderski later amplified his view Scipio's nomenclature in the
1240:
724:
with which he met death is there any trace of the nobler character of his great forebears (
686:
572:
812:
8:
1553:
564:
535:
513:
to issue the ultimatum to Caesar that made war inevitable. That same year, Scipio became
502:
480:
286:
229:
1274:, after which achievement he demanded large sums of money from the states and rulers " (
1064:
700:
362:
in name while inheriting the estate of
Metellus Pius, but was never his "son" while the
1548:
1325:
602:
387:
friends prevented this, and so, in his rage and youthful fervour, he betook himself to
317:, consul in 95. His great-grandfather was Scipio Nasica Serapio, the man who murdered
1392:
1345:
1027:
713:
576:
473:
413:
332:
Publius Scipio, as he was referred to in contemporary sources early in his life, was
318:
290:
234:
1056:
1340:
1146:
1043:
1019:
927:
725:
717:
658:
653:
615:
567:, he commanded the centre. After the optimates' defeat by Caesar, Metellus fled to
397:
375:
359:
346:
322:
243:
219:
151:
1348:
672:
1380:
667:
595:" ("Your general's just fine"). These last words elicited strong praise from the
580:
388:
1420:
This is
Collins' citation; but see above for quotation from the younger Seneca.
1363:
9.11: "For under those circumstances what sort of criminality will Scipio — or
434:
178:
1497:
1387:"; i.e., Metellus Scipio was true to his lineage, given that his grandfather
925:
Linderski asserted that the official form of his name is unknown because the
742:
545:
274:
1329:
1316:
supposedly demonstrated here might be "The
Imperator conducts himself well."
1306:
1190:, ix. 11, see also viii. 15 and ix. 1; Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", 62.
891:
640:
552:
510:
491:
354:
status: "Scipio's ancestry," notes Syme, "was unmatched for splendour." As
278:
131:
1312:
887:
824:
767:
321:
in 133 BC. Through his mother Cornelia, Serapio was also the grandson of
294:
619:
981:
Syme explores the possibilities pertaining to a little attested son in
337:
193:
645:
514:
497:
383:
1295:, pp. 275, 288, and 297, for numerous citations of primary sources.
1229:
952:
610:
596:
462:
127:
52:
47:
43:
35:
297:
called him "the last Scipio of any consequence in Roman history."
884:
Imperium sine fine: T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman Republic
759:
Imperium sine fine: T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman Republic
449:
429:
326:
306:
203:
119:
115:
886:(Franz Steiner, 1996), pp. 148–149. The adoption is recorded by
1473:
1031:
998:
694:
599:
454:
424:
282:
182:
123:
656:, 9.1.8), an incompetent and bull-headed commander (Plutarch,
666:), an undisciplined tyrant in the possession of authority (
635:
summed up the character and reputation of Metellus Scipio:
761:. Franz Steiner, 1996, pp. 144–185. Limited preview
269:, was a Roman senator and military commander. During the
579:
to continue the fight, but was cornered by the fleet of
437:
was prosecuted in 80 BC. He is placed in the company of
1046:
ix. 1. § 8. Additional evidence for his interregnum,
931:
for 52 BC are lost; see "The Dramatic Date of Varro,
309:
about 95 BC, and Licinia, Scipio was the grandson of
293:, where he was defeated. He later committed suicide.
1534:
Ancient Roman military personnel who died by suicide
1257:, pp. 260–261 for references in addition to Caesar.
1149:, "Caesar's Colleagues in the Pontifical College,"
1112:; patrician rank was a prerequisite for the office.
1153:, vol. 63 (1942) 385–412, especially pp. 398, 412.
801:, Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, p. 107. Broughton,
774:. Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 244–245
551:In 48 BC, Scipio brought his forces from Asia to
1495:
618:to lose its continuity. It was a great deed to
391:, and heaped much scornful abuse upon Scipio … .
1391:spearheaded the death of the plebeian champion
1244:i. 183–185, 195; see also Cassius Dio, xli. 18.
1166:, i. 5; William W. Batstone and Cynthia Damon,
1129:
1127:
827:, "Imperator Caesar: A Study in Nomenclature,"
378:had also wanted to marry Aemilia but lost out:
616:glory which fate gave to the Scipios in Africa
300:
1186:, i. 6, see also i. 4, iii. 31, 33; Cicero,
1124:
691:
305:The son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica,
1383:, "of an arrogant aristocrat, enemy to the
1304:A translation that draws on Scipio's usual
716:, and a most unworthy father of the gentle
370:Scipio married Aemilia Lepida, daughter of
16:1st century BC Roman politician and general
1170:, Oxford University Press, (2006), p. 109
652:), a debauchee of singular repulsiveness (
509:In January of 49 BC, Scipio persuaded the
325:. Scipio's father died not long after his
29:
479:He is known to have been a member of the
1432:, "Caesar and the Corruption of Power,"
857:(Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 244.
748:
490:
1514:1st-century BC Roman governors of Syria
813:Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Quintus
1496:
563:until the arrival of Pompeius. At the
495:Denarius issued by Metellus Scipio as
265:(c. 95 – 46 BC), often referred to as
263:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio
23:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio
1024:The Magistrates of the Roman Republic
935:, Book III and the Elections in 54,"
693:des hochmütigen, plebejerfeindlichen
501:in North Africa, 47–46 BC, depicting
684:), a proscription-thirsty bankrupt (
675:), an extortioner of the provinces (
548:— as noted disparagingly by Caesar.
486:
586:
419:
13:
427:names "P. Scipio" among the young
372:Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus
14:
1575:
1094:Two Studies in Roman Nomenclature
803:Magistrates of the Roman Republic
799:Two Studies in Roman Nomenclature
1282:, No. 4 (1955), p. 457, note 64.
1423:
1414:
1398:
1374:
1353:
1334:
1319:
1298:
1285:
1260:
1247:
1223:
1206:
1193:
1176:
1156:
1140:
1115:
1078:
1012:
992:
975:
958:
690:9.11), a worthy great grandson
342:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
311:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
161:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
66:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
1404:See also the remarks of Syme,
946:
911:
899:
873:
860:
847:
834:
818:
788:
712:) who had led the lynching of
555:, where he manoeuvred against
505:and on the reverse an elephant
1:
1151:American Journal of Philology
781:
626:
544:for claimed victories in the
448:Metellus Scipio was probably
1564:People of Caesar's civil war
1519:1st-century BC Roman consuls
882:, "Q. Scipio Imperator," in
757:. "Q. Scipio Imperator." In
120:Tribune of the Plebs (59 BC)
7:
808:Oxford Classical Dictionary
770:. "The Last Scipiones." In
736:
301:Family connections and name
10:
1580:
1458:M. Valerius Messalla Rufus
1436:4 (1955), p. 457, note 64.
1389:P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica
1059:of June; see also Cicero,
1559:Roman Republican praetors
1478:
1462:
1450:
1445:
1088:, p. 244, note 6, citing
433:on his defence team when
256:
209:
199:
189:
174:
169:
165:
157:
145:
137:
111:
103:
95:
87:
73:
61:
28:
21:
1406:The Augustan Aristocracy
1135:The Augustan Aristocracy
1086:The Augustan Aristocracy
1007:The Augustan Aristocracy
983:The Augustan Aristocracy
955:, "The Life of Cato", 7.
919:The Augustan Aristocracy
906:Condicio nominis ferendi
868:The Augustan Aristocracy
855:The Augustan Aristocracy
772:The Augustan Aristocracy
557:Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
467:Marcus Valerius Messalla
1235:Antiquities of the Jews
1061:Epistulae ad Familiares
1018:Dates and offices from
795:D. R. Shackleton Bailey
722:Imperator se bene habet
593:Imperator se bene habet
445:, both future consuls.
406:Marcus Licinius Crassus
315:Lucius Licinius Crassus
1529:Ancient Roman generals
1524:Ancient Roman adoptees
1090:D.R. Shackleton Bailey
1005:77, as cited by Syme,
734:
692:
624:
532:
506:
393:
344:, consul in 80 BC and
240:Battle of Hippo Regius
107:Politician and General
81:Battle of Hippo Regius
1486:M. Claudius Marcellus
1454:Gn. Domitius Calvinus
1326:Lucius Annaeus Seneca
1071:, vol. 71 (1936) 222
749:Selected bibliography
637:
607:
527:
494:
461:In 53 BC, Scipio was
380:
313:, consul in 111, and
50:to represent African
1482:Ser. Sulpicius Rufus
1241:The Wars of the Jews
1188:Epistulae ad Atticum
1036:Epistulae ad Atticum
573:Publius Attius Varus
538:, and was acclaimed
534:Scipio put to death
450:tribune of the plebs
334:adopted in adulthood
124:Curule Aedile(57 BC)
565:Battle of Pharsalus
536:Alexander of Judaea
517:of the province of
481:College of Pontiffs
230:Battle of Pharsalus
88:Cause of death
1544:Cornelii Scipiones
1446:Political offices
1168:Caesar's Civil War
1003:Pro Roscio Amerino
941:Imperium sine fine
631:Classical scholar
507:
360:Caecilius Metellus
350:. He retained his
216:Caesar's Civil War
1492:
1491:
1479:Succeeded by
1393:Tiberius Gracchus
1346:The Latin Library
831:7 (1958), p. 187.
714:Tiberius Gracchus
600:moral philosopher
577:Iberian Peninsula
487:Role in civil war
319:Tiberius Gracchus
260:
259:
235:Battle of Thapsus
1571:
1539:Caecilii Metelli
1451:Preceded by
1443:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1378:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1341:Valerius Maximus
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1227:
1221:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1180:
1174:
1160:
1154:
1147:Lily Ross Taylor
1144:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1082:
1076:
1044:Valerius Maximus
1020:T.R.S. Broughton
1016:
1010:
996:
990:
979:
973:
962:
956:
950:
944:
928:Fasti Consulares
915:
909:
903:
897:
877:
871:
864:
858:
851:
845:
838:
832:
822:
816:
792:
755:Linderski, Jerzy
698:
654:Valerius Maximus
620:conquer Carthage
587:Dignity in death
546:Amanus Mountains
420:Political career
398:Cornelia Metella
364:pontifex maximus
347:pontifex maximus
323:Scipio Africanus
248:
224:
152:Cornelia Metella
128:Interrex (53 BC)
33:
19:
18:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1430:John H. Collins
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1403:
1399:
1379:
1375:
1358:
1354:
1339:
1335:
1324:
1320:
1303:
1299:
1291:See Broughton,
1290:
1286:
1268:De Bello Civili
1265:
1261:
1253:See Broughton,
1252:
1248:
1228:
1224:
1214:De Bello Civili
1211:
1207:
1201:De Bello Civili
1198:
1194:
1184:De Bello Civili
1181:
1177:
1164:De Bello Civili
1161:
1157:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1083:
1079:
1063:, vii. 11, and
1017:
1013:
997:
993:
980:
976:
963:
959:
951:
947:
916:
912:
904:
900:
880:Jerzy Linderski
878:
874:
865:
861:
852:
848:
839:
835:
823:
819:
805:vol. 3, p. 41.
793:
789:
784:
751:
739:
633:John H. Collins
629:
589:
581:Publius Sittius
521:. In Syria and
489:
439:Marcus Messalla
422:
410:Publius's death
402:Publius Crassus
356:Jerzy Linderski
303:
281:faction led by
267:Metellus Scipio
252:
244:
220:
181:
170:Military career
150:
149:Metellus Scipio
130:
126:
122:
118:
116:Praetor (63 BC)
83:
78:
68:
67:
57:
40:Metellus Scipio
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1480:
1477:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1422:
1413:
1397:
1373:
1352:
1333:
1318:
1297:
1284:
1259:
1246:
1238:xiv. 123–125,
1222:
1205:
1192:
1175:
1155:
1139:
1123:
1114:
1108:Scipio was an
1096:(1976), p. 98
1077:
1011:
991:
974:
957:
945:
910:
898:
872:
859:
846:
833:
817:
786:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
765:
750:
747:
746:
745:
738:
735:
720:. Only in the
628:
625:
588:
585:
561:Lucius Cassius
488:
485:
443:Metellus Celer
435:Sextus Roscius
421:
418:
302:
299:
258:
257:
254:
253:
251:
250:
237:
232:
213:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
179:Roman Republic
176:
172:
171:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
147:
143:
142:
141:Aemilia Lepida
139:
135:
134:
132:Consul (52 BC)
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1576:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:90s BC births
1502:
1501:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1469:52 BC
1467:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1203:, iii. 31–33.
1202:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1038:, ii. 1, and
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
988:
984:
978:
971:
968:
967:
961:
954:
949:
942:
938:
934:
933:De re rustica
930:
929:
924:
920:
914:
907:
902:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
869:
863:
856:
853:Ronald Syme,
850:
843:
837:
830:
826:
821:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
791:
787:
777:
773:
769:
766:
764:
760:
756:
753:
752:
744:
743:Caecilia gens
741:
740:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
707:
702:
697:
696:
689:
688:
683:
680:
679:
674:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
655:
651:
648:
647:
642:
636:
634:
623:
621:
617:
612:
606:
604:
601:
598:
594:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
542:
537:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
500:
499:
493:
484:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
464:
459:
456:
455:curule aedile
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
417:
415:
411:
407:
404:, the son of
403:
399:
392:
390:
385:
379:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Julius Caesar
272:
268:
264:
255:
249:
247:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
225:
223:
217:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
104:Occupation(s)
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
64:
60:
55:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
20:
1509:46 BC deaths
1472:
1465:Roman consul
1463:
1433:
1425:
1416:
1405:
1400:
1384:
1376:
1360:
1355:
1336:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1028:magistracies
1023:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
986:
982:
977:
964:
960:
948:
940:
936:
932:
926:
918:
913:
905:
901:
892:LacusCurtius
883:
875:
867:
862:
854:
849:
841:
836:
828:
820:
806:
802:
798:
790:
771:
768:Syme, Ronald
758:
729:
726:Seneca Rhet.
721:
704:
685:
676:
668:
657:
650:II. 4. 79–81
644:
638:
630:
608:
592:
590:
550:
539:
533:
528:
508:
496:
478:
471:
460:
447:
428:
423:
394:
389:iambic verse
381:
369:
363:
345:
336:through the
331:
304:
266:
262:
261:
245:
221:
214:
51:
39:
1313:sprezzatura
1293:Magistrates
1255:Magistrates
1216:, iii. 32:
1040:In Vatinium
972:, in Tibur.
888:Cassius Dio
825:Ronald Syme
474:triumvirate
327:praetorship
295:Ronald Syme
96:Nationality
1554:Pontifices
1498:Categories
1361:Ad Atticum
1219:videbatur.
985:, pp. 245
782:References
669:Bell. Afr.
627:Assessment
279:senatorial
194:Roman army
185:(49–46 BC)
175:Allegiance
56:(47-46 BC)
1549:Optimates
1408:, p. 245
1310:over the
1272:imperator
1137:, p. 245.
1075:. (1936).
1053:II, 2663c
1009:, p. 245.
970:XIV, 3483
921:, p. 244
870:, p. 244.
641:C. Verres
611:head-wind
541:Imperator
515:proconsul
498:Imperator
384:betrothed
352:patrician
338:testament
287:Pharsalus
271:civil war
1434:Historia
1359:Cicero,
1307:superbia
1280:Historia
1266:Caesar,
1230:Josephus
1212:Caesar,
1199:Caesar,
1182:Caesar,
1162:Caesar,
1110:interrex
1055:, dated
1042:16; and
1030:include
953:Plutarch
937:Historia
840:Cicero,
829:Historia
737:See also
718:Cornelia
659:Cato Min
463:interrex
408:. After
277:and the
273:between
146:Children
69:c. 95 BC
53:imperium
48:headgear
44:elephant
36:Denarius
1410:online.
1365:Faustus
1349:online.
1172:online.
1106:online.
923:online.
895:online.
776:online.
763:online.
732:. 7.8).
695:Junkers
682:3.31–33
646:In Ver.
503:Jupiter
430:nobiles
414:Carrhae
307:praetor
291:Thapsus
246:†
222:†
91:Suicide
1474:Pompey
1471:With:
1381:German
1328:, ep.
1133:Syme,
1084:Syme,
1069:Hermes
1065:Münzer
1032:Cicero
999:Cicero
943:essay.
917:Syme,
866:Syme,
842:Brutus
710:4.1502
701:Münzer
603:Seneca
569:Africa
553:Greece
511:senate
425:Cicero
283:Pompey
242:
218:
204:Legate
190:Branch
183:Pompey
158:Parent
138:Spouse
112:Office
46:-skin
1385:plebs
673:44–46
597:Stoic
519:Syria
465:with
99:Roman
77:46 BC
42:with
1369:Libo
1330:24.9
1057:Ides
844:212.
730:Suas
687:Att.
559:and
523:Asia
441:and
376:Cato
289:and
210:Wars
200:Rank
74:Died
62:Born
1367:or
1049:CIL
966:CIL
811:, "
530:it.
412:at
400:to
340:of
38:of
1500::
1232:,
1126:^
1104:.
1102:ff
1098:ff
1092:,
1073:ff
1067:,
1034:,
1022:,
1001:,
987:ff
815:".
797:,
728:,
706:RE
703:,
678:BC
664:58
662:.
605::
1395:.
989:.
699:(
643:(
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