192:
178:
a balance of available public content in each area, and in particular to enable non-profit local community radio to exist alongside larger and richer national companies. On occasions format regulation may lead to difficult legal challenges when government accuses a station of changing its format, for example arguing in court over whether a particular song or group of songs is "pop" or "rock".
143:. In reality, the Top-40 format was conscientiously prepared to attract the young audience, who was the main consumer of the records sold by the American record industry at that time. Soon, playlists became central to programming and radio formats, although the number of records in a playlist really depends on the format.
177:
In some countries such as the UK, licences to broadcast on radio frequencies are regulated by the government, and may take account of social and cultural factors including format type, local content, and language, as well as the price available to pay for the spectrum use. This may be done to ensure
150:
required that co-owned AM and FM stations be programmed independently from each other. This resulted in huge competition between radio stations in the AM and FM spectrum to differentiate themselves for both audiences and advertisers. At that time, it caused a proliferation of many radio formats,
48:
A radio format aims to reach a more or less specific audience according to a certain type of programming, which can be thematic or general, more informative or more musical, among other possibilities. Radio formats are often used as a marketing tool and are subject to frequent changes, including
1441:
At that time, there were several
American FM stations that belonged to owners of AM stations, so the programming of the AM station was broadcast simultaneously with the station FM. Owners who programmed FM stations independently often did so using avant-garde, underground, jazz or highbrow
151:
which included presentation, schedule and target audience, as well as repertoire. Within a few years, FM radio stations were supplying program formats completely analogous to their AM stations counterparts, increased to more than 50% in 1970 and reached 95% in 1980.
104:
had more financial resources to produce generalist programs that provoked the migration of countless talents from radio networks to the new medium. Under this context, the radio was pressured to seek alternatives to maintain its audience and cultural relevance.
1451:
The figure 40 was established by Todd Storz and Bill
Stewart n their station KOWH-AM in Omaha, Nebraska, inspired by the fact that there were 40 records in a bar jukebox. In the 1960s, some radio formats reduced the figure to 30 records, or even just
64:
formats, most programming formats are based on commercial music. However the term also includes the news, bulletins, DJ talk, jingles, commercials, competitions, traffic news, sports, weather and community announcements between the tracks.
1961:
1431:
Music radio, old time radio, all-news radio, sports radio, talk radio and weather radio describe the operation of different genres of radio format and each format can often be sub-divided into many specialty
254:
Formats constantly evolve and each format can often be sub-divided into many specialty formats. Some of the following formats are available only regionally or through specialized venues such as
1904:
1543:
135:(MOR) rose as a radio industry term to discern radio stations that played mainstream pop songs from radio stations whose programming was geared towards teenagers and was dominated by
1384:
1176:
The UK has several formats that often overlap with one another. The
American terms for formats are not always used to describe British stations or fully set specified by
313:
1442:(generally, classical music) program formats as a form to attract the few listeners who owned FM receivers and who were specific about signal quality they heard.
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1896:
961:
Seasonal formats typically celebrate a particular holiday and thus, with the notable exception of
Christmas music (which is usually played throughout
1525:
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202:
116:—began to emerge in the United States and Canada. They developed a format with programming consisting of music, news, and charismatic
1303:
Asian, referring to content for
British Asian communities (including Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi, Afghan, Nepalese) - e.g.
1650:
1844:
1567:
154:
During the 1970s and 1980s, radio programming formats expanded into commercially successful variations, including, for example,
131:– a spectrum considered ideal for good music and high fidelity listening as it grew in popularity during that period – and the
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1323:
139:, the most popular musical genre of the period in the United States and which held the first successful radio format called
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965:), stations going to a holiday-themed format usually only do so for a short time, typically a day or a weekend.
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Over time, FM radio came to dominate music programming, while AM radio switched to news and talk formats.
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New country/Young country/Hot country (top 40 country with some non-country pop and no older music)
281:
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498:(most often a "daypart" late night format at urban and urban AC stations, i.e. 7 p.m.–12 midnight)
146:
By the mid-1960s, American FM radio's penetration began achieving balance with AM radio since the
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1326:, radio stations for localised communities which can be in various formats including ethnic
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45:. The formula has since spread as a reference for commercial radio programming worldwide.
8:
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166:(UC), among others, which spread to most AM and FM radio stations in the United States.
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Christian, broadcasts for
Christian religious interests with occasional music - e.g.
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1962:"Celebrations for Britain's First-Ever Licensed Ethnic Radio Station | LGR 103.3 FM"
37:. The radio format emerged mainly in the United States in the 1950s, at a time when
1728:"New York Radio Guide: Radio Format Guide", NYRadioGuide.com, 2009-01-12, webpage:
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was compelled to develop new and exclusive ways to programming by competition with
620:(regional in the Carolinas; mostly R&B and some pop-country with shuffle beat)
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stations—many of which were "independent", that is not affiliated with the
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1929:
Delivering a Public
Service? The BBC Asian Network and British Asian audiences
1265:, which can range from the 1950s to the 2000s depending on the station - e.g.
1229:
Hot adult contemporary (hot AC), middle ground between CHR and soft AC - e.g.
1987:
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906:
838:
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432:
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in North
America and Europe almost always adopted a generalist radio format.
34:
1389:
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Modern adult contemporary (modern AC) with stronger leaning to rock - e.g.
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Ethnic, referring to content for specific ethnic communities - e.g.
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84:
However, the United States witnessed the growing strengthening of
842:
291:
290:– Broad variety of pop hits spanning multiple eras and formats;
1530:
History of the Mass Media in the United States: An
Encyclopedia
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978:(short-term format, usually adopted around holidays such as
922:
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1337:
304:– 1970s/1980s-centered (previously 1960s-1970s) pop music
1620:
Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave, eds. (2003).
1480:
Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave, eds. (2003).
1897:"How the King of Breakfast is waking up Asian Britain"
989:
Halloween music (usually only on or around 31 October)
972:(usually seasonal, mainly late November into December)
1594:. The University of Minnesota Libraries. 1 May 2019.
1626:
1486:
Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
1379:
1752:
Essential Radio Skills: How to Present a Radio Show
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1248:with stronger leaning to urban and hip-hop - e.g.
1619:
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1283:Alternative, sometimes confused with rock - e.g.
995:(usually only on or around 17 March to celebrate
1985:
1615:
1613:
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33:) describes the overall content broadcast on a
274:(CHR), occasionally still informally known as
1610:
352:(or just adult alternative) (AAA or Triple-A)
199:The examples and perspective in this article
16:Overall content broadcast on a radio station
1925:
1523:
1362:News, talk, documentaries and drama - e.g.
1005:(June to August in the Northern Hemisphere)
249:
1642:
1239:Soft adult contemporary (soft AC) - e.g.
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
1652:The Value of History: Values and Beliefs
1648:
120:to directly attract a certain audience.
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450:(top 40 country with some older music)
1777:"Radio stations in the UK, by format"
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1598:from the original on 28 November 2020
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328:– Late 1950s to early 1970s pop music
1926:Aujla-Sidhu, Gurvinder (July 2019).
1649:Beisbier, Paul F Frank, ed. (2019).
1502:
1350:Sports broadcasting and talk - e.g.
185:
1787:from the original on 16 August 2022
13:
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1577:
1546:from the original on 24 March 2022
181:
14:
2005:
1979:
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148:Federal Communications Commission
1942:from the original on 5 July 2022
1907:from the original on 5 July 2022
1877:from the original on 22 May 2022
1847:from the original on 5 July 2022
1817:from the original on 5 July 2022
1382:
931:Fundamental Broadcasting Network
190:
1954:
1935:(PhD). De Montfort University.
1919:
1889:
1867:"BBC radio 1Xtra - listen live"
1859:
1829:
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1742:
773:(salsa, merengue, cumbia, etc.)
1749:Stewart, Peter (29 May 2010).
1558:
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1246:Urban/black adult contemporary
127:obtained a stable position on
1:
1459:
172:
68:
1807:"Heart FM London 106.2 live"
951:Contemporary classical music
903:(which is also known as CCM)
779:(reggaetón, Latin rap, etc.)
7:
1592:"7.3 Radio Station Formats"
1375:
545:(Urban AC) – R&B (both
502:Rhythmic adult contemporary
213:, discuss the issue on the
123:For example, by the 1960s,
96:in the country by the late
10:
2010:
957:Seasonal/holiday/happening
927:Bible Broadcasting Network
461:Regional country formats:
456:(mix of old and new music)
49:temporary changes called "
1565:"What is a radio format?"
1524:Margaret A., ed. (2013).
441:(exclusively older music)
320:Modern adult contemporary
29:(not to be confused with
1574:Retrieved 16 April 2012.
1418:
1217:Adult contemporary music
1081:(talk and variety music)
976:American patriotic music
543:Urban adult contemporary
282:Adult contemporary music
250:United States and Canada
1370:Premier Christian Radio
1138:Conservative talk radio
867:Original Pilipino music
686:Folk/singer-songwriters
350:Adult album alternative
332:Soft adult contemporary
314:Lite adult contemporary
1204:(Rhythmic CHR) - e.g.
1187:(CHR) / Top 40 - e.g.
1185:Contemporary hit radio
1143:Progressive talk radio
1090:Paranormal radio shows
901:Contemporary Christian
734:Romántica (Spanish AC)
665:/ nostalgia (pre-rock)
657:Easy listening/New Age
339:Rock/alternative/indie
308:Hot adult contemporary
272:Contemporary hit radio
266:Pop/adult contemporary
1837:"Smooth Radio London"
1735:27 March 2006 at the
1526:"Radio Entertainment"
1336:News and talk - e.g.
1202:Rhythmic contemporary
1099:radio reading service
1074:Freeform/Experimental
737:Spanish sub-formats:
507:Rhythmic contemporary
31:broadcast programming
625:Jazz/blues/standards
618:Carolina beach music
537:contemporary R&B
219:create a new article
211:improve this article
201:may not represent a
1271:Greatest Hits Radio
1032:Spoken word formats
997:Saint Patrick's Day
574:(sometimes called "
454:Traditional country
371:Classic alternative
360:album-oriented rock
160:album-oriented rock
102:American television
1811:www.radio-uk.co.uk
1570:2010-01-02 at the
1398:Radio broadcasting
1315:London Greek Radio
907:Praise and Worship
679:Middle of the road
521:Urban contemporary
448:Mainstream country
288:Adult/variety hits
164:urban contemporary
156:adult contemporary
133:middle of the road
108:As a consequence,
27:programming format
1871:radio-live-uk.com
1762:978-1-4081-2179-5
1755:. A&C Black.
1408:Television format
1403:Radio personality
1305:BBC Asian Network
1293:Classical - e.g.
1289:BBC Radio 6 Music
1148:Public talk radio
1115:Radio soap operas
1105:Radio documentary
762:, Romántica, and
702:Hispanic rhythmic
509:(Rhythmic Top 40)
471:Oklahoma Red Dirt
247:
246:
239:
221:, as appropriate.
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1903:. 28 June 2009.
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1352:BBC Radio 5 Live
1342:BBC Radio 5 Live
1095:Radio audiobooks
993:Irish folk music
885:Christian/Gospel
760:Regional Mexican
712:Regional Mexican
601:Dance/electronic
475:Gulf and Western
401:Psychedelic rock
396:Progressive rock
366:Alternative rock
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1122:Religious radio
1048:Christian radio
970:Christmas music
917:Southern Gospel
891:Christian music
730:Rock en Español
669:Beautiful music
663:Adult standards
651:Traditional pop
513:Rhythmic oldies
491:Classic hip-hop
439:Classic country
386:Mainstream rock
256:satellite radio
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182:List of formats
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125:easy listening
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35:radio station
32:
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24:
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1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1928:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1870:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1780:
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1625:
1600:. Retrieved
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1529:
1485:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1390:Radio portal
1331:Spoken-words
1279:Absolute 80s
1241:Smooth Radio
1235:Virgin Radio
1219:(AC) - e.g.
1210:Capital Xtra
1175:
1079:Full-service
1058:Comedy radio
1010:Miscellanies
1003:Summer music
984:Memorial Day
960:
921:Traditional
912:Urban Gospel
853:Korean music
821:Indian music
741:Tejano music
576:classic soul
572:Urban oldies
559:gospel music
479:Newfoundland
376:Classic rock
302:Classic hits
253:
233:
224:
200:
176:
168:
153:
145:
122:
118:disc jockeys
107:
83:
75:World War II
73:Even before
72:
62:sports radio
55:
47:
26:
23:radio format
22:
20:
18:
1602:16 December
1364:BBC Radio 4
1346:Times Radio
1299:BBC Radio 3
1221:BBC Radio 2
1193:BBC Radio 1
1154:shock jocks
1110:Radio drama
1063:Educational
879:World music
646:Smooth jazz
613:Space music
496:Quiet storm
477:(Florida),
391:Modern rock
345:Active rock
322:(Modern AC)
278:/ hot hits)
56:Except for
1841:media.info
1781:media.info
1622:"Playlist"
1550:4 December
1460:References
1295:Classic FM
1197:Hits Radio
1097:(see also
1043:Children's
1027:-selected)
754:Also see:
691:Folk music
595:Soul music
587:old school
561:, without
467:New Mexico
356:Album rock
173:Regulation
162:(AOR) and
94:mass media
86:television
69:Background
58:talk radio
43:television
1356:talkSPORT
1324:Community
1152:Hot talk/
1133:News/Talk
946:Classical
940:Classical
826:Asian pop
795:Caribbean
428:Bluegrass
423:Americana
411:Soft rock
381:Lite rock
334:(soft AC)
316:(Lite AC)
215:talk page
110:AM radios
88:over the
1988:Category
1937:Archived
1905:Archived
1875:Archived
1845:Archived
1815:Archived
1785:Archived
1733:Archived
1596:Archived
1568:Archived
1544:Archived
1432:formats.
1376:See also
1275:Kisstory
1016:Eclectic
847:city pop
807:merengue
771:Tropical
764:Tropical
756:Ranchera
720:mariachi
707:Ranchera
631:Big band
539:artists)
523:(mostly
310:(Hot AC)
209:You may
129:FM radio
51:stunting
1285:Radio X
1189:Capital
863:, etc.)
849:, etc.)
843:Anisong
817:, etc.)
749:Mexican
726:, etc.)
724:norteño
585:", or "
580:R&B
563:hip hop
529:hip hop
517:Urban:
417:Country
292:Jack FM
114:network
1967:5 July
1946:5 July
1911:5 July
1881:5 July
1851:5 July
1821:5 July
1791:5 July
1759:
1659:
1632:
1536:
1492:
1413:Top 40
1263:Oldies
1127:Sports
1068:Ethnic
963:Advent
925:(e.g.
861:K-rock
839:J-rock
811:cumbia
799:reggae
777:Urbano
751:music)
583:oldies
535:, and
326:Oldies
296:Bob FM
276:top-40
158:(AC),
141:Top-40
1940:(PDF)
1933:(PDF)
1419:Notes
1231:Heart
1225:Magic
1178:RAJAR
923:hymns
874:Polka
857:K-pop
835:J-pop
815:salsa
790:Cajun
745:Texas
716:Banda
696:Latin
681:(MOR)
636:Blues
607:Dance
551:older
547:newer
463:Texas
362:(AOR)
217:, or
98:1940s
90:radio
39:radio
1969:2022
1948:2022
1913:2022
1883:2022
1853:2022
1823:2022
1793:2022
1757:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1604:2020
1552:2021
1534:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1267:Gold
1206:Kiss
982:and
803:soca
641:Jazz
578:", "
565:and
555:soul
549:and
533:soul
406:Rock
284:(AC)
1452:10.
1338:LBC
567:rap
553:),
525:rap
258:or
60:or
53:."
25:or
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1899:.
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1843:.
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1779:.
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234:(
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225:(
207:.
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