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investors. Due to his previous successes in the private sector and the numerous resulting international connections, Hariri was able to garner a significant amount of low-interest loans from foreign investors. Hariri also pursued aggressive macroeconomic policy such as maintaining strict regulations on bank reserves and inter-bank interest rates to curb inflation and raise the value of the
Lebanese pound relative to the dollar.
1611:
1254:
996:, the privately owned construction company that was established to reconstruct post-war Lebanon. Solidere was owned by the government and private investors. Solidere was largely focused on redeveloping Beirut's downtown and turning it into a new urban center as quickly as possible as one aspect of the various infrastructure redevelopment plans that would be implemented by "Horizon 2000". Solidere was given powers of
1652:
806:, but others have linked the assassination to the Syrian government. The outcome of a 15-year investigation led to the guilty verdict of multiple people in Hezbollah's party taking part; however, the only one left alive would be Salim Ayyash, a well-connected, mid-level operative in Hezbollah. The assassination was a catalyst for dramatic political change in Lebanon. The massive protests of the
1787:
469:
1000:, compensating in Solidere shares rather than cash, and was accused of harassment and underpaying former land owners. Another aspect of the decade-long plan was the privatization of major industries. Numerous contracts were awarded in important industries such as energy, telecommunications, electricity, airports and roads.
1118:
had said: "Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists." He replied that he had hoped there would be no consequences, but would deal with them if they arrive. Hariri further said that he opposed the killing of all humans â Israeli, Palestinian, Syrian or
Lebanese â and believed in dialogue
991:
Hariri implemented an aggressive new economic policy. In 1992 inflation was running at 131% but such was the confidence in Hariri's leadership that within two years it had been reduced to 12%. Perhaps Hariri's most important creation in the beginning of his career was "Horizon 2000" the government's
883:
Having accumulated his wealth, Hariri started a number of philanthropic projects, including the building of educational facilities in
Lebanon. His first initiative in Lebanon was the Islamic Association for Culture and Education, which he founded in 1979. The association was later renamed the Hariri
1027:
were also perpetually harassed and detained. In return for a relatively free hand in economic matters, Hariri cooperated with Syria's drive to consolidate its control over
Lebanon. Under the guise of "regulating" the audiovisual media, the government placed control of all major television and radio
1007:
Hariri's economic policies were a remarkable success during his first year in office. From 1992 to 1993 there was a 6 percent increase in real national income, the capital base of commercial banks effectively doubled, the budgetary earnings hovered at around a billion dollars, and commercial banks'
1183:
Hariri and his protégés were not the only beneficiaries of this spending spree. To secure support from militia chieftains and pro-Syrian ideologues that
Damascus had installed in the government, Hariri allowed kickbacks from public spending to enrich all major government figures. Contracts for the
1416:. However, later reports about the assassination did not repeat the allegations against Jamil Al Sayyed and other three Lebanese generals. Four Lebanese generals were held in Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut from 2005 to 2009. They were released from the prison due to lack of evidence in 2009.
1143:
threatened Hariri, saying " Lahoud is me. ... If you and Chirac want me out of
Lebanon, I will break Lebanon." He was quoted as saying "When I heard him telling us those words, I knew that it was his condemnation of death." This meeting between Hariri and Assad, which had been on 26 August 2004,
1003:
The last and perhaps most significant aspect of "Horizon 2000" was economic stimulus via foreign direct investment. Specifically, Hariri supported foreign firms and individuals taking an interest in
Lebanon's developmental potential. Hariri simplified tax codes and provided tax breaks to foreign
1487:
Hezbollah accused Israel of the assassination of Hariri. According to
Hezbollah officials, the assassination of Hariri was planned by the Mossad as a means of expelling the Syrian army from Lebanon. In August 2010, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah presented evidence, consisting of intercepted
925:
in 1983. He was implanted as the Saudis' strong man following the collapse of the PLO and the paucity of any viable Sunni leadership in the country as well as a response to the rising power of the Shiite militia Amal. As a former Saudi diplomatic representative, he played a significant role in
1109:
that were accused by
America of being terrorists. He responded that Hezbollah were the ones protecting Lebanon against the Israeli occupation and called for implementation of passed United Nations resolutions against Israel. He was further accused of making the American coalition in the
1179:
of Beirut, compensating each owner with shares in the company which were worth as little as 15% of the property's value. As the primary shareholder of the company, Hariri and his business associates profited immensely from this project. Moreover, it was reported in
November 1996 that $
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1488:
Israeli spy-drone video footage, which he said implicated Israel in the assassination of Hariri. After an altercation between male Tribunal staff and women at a gynecology clinic in October 2010, Hezbollah demanded that the Lebanese government stop all cooperation with the
950:
for his plan to borrow reconstruction money as the country's debt grew to become the largest per capita in the world.Between 1992 and 1996 the public debt grew from $ 3 billion to $ 9 billion. His first premiership lasted until 1998, and Hariri was replaced by
1008:
consolidated balance sheets increased about 25%. By 1998, however, real GDP growth was around 1%, a year later it would be â1%, national debt had skyrocketed 540% from two to eighteen billion dollars, Lebanon's economy was in a miserable state.
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Foundation. Hariri became progressively more embroiled in politics. His appeals to the United Nations and services as an emissary to the Saudi Royal family won him international recognition on the political stage for his humanitarian efforts.
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ordered a ban on the broadcasting of news programs. This was followed eight days later by a government decree ordering the closure of Lebanon's 150 privately owned radio stations and 50 TV stations. Licenses were to be issued to Hariri's
2076:
920:
Hariri returned to Lebanon in the early 1980s as a wealthy man and began to build a name for himself by making large donations and contributions to various groups in Lebanon. However, he continued to serve as a political advisor to
785:. In 2000, when he became prime minister for second time, the biggest achievement during his time as prime minister was the Israeli withdrawal from Southern Lebanon, ending an 18-year old occupation. Meanwhile relations with Syrian
891:
and helped clean up Beirut's streets with his company's money and contributed to early reconstruction efforts during lulls in the Lebanon war. Said to have heavily financed opposing militias during the war, his former deputy
2742:
1330:. Hezbollah blamed the assassination on Israel. Alleged Hezbollah supporters Salim Jamil Ayyash, Hassan Habib Merhi, Hussein Hassan Oneissi, and Assad Hassan Sabra have been indicted for the assassination and were tried
3582:
https://www.elysee.fr/jacques-chirac/1996/04/05/allocution-de-m-jacques-chirac-president-de-la-republique-sur-la-reconstruction-du-liban-sur-la-cooperation-culturelle-et-universitaire-koraytem-le-5-avril-1996
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In 1969, Hariri established Ciconest, a small subcontracting firm, which soon went out of business. He then went in business with the French construction firm Oger for the construction of a hotel in
1273:
drove near the St. George Hotel in Beirut. 23 people, including Hariri himself, were killed. Among the dead were several of Hariri's bodyguards and his friend and former Minister of the Economy
3431:"Decision Relating to the Examination of the Indictment of 10 June 2011 Issued Against Mr Salim Jamil Ayyash, Mr Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mr Hussein Hassan Oneissi & Mr Assad Hassan Sabra"
3175:"Tenth report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolutions 1595 (2005), 1636 (2005), 1644 (2005), 1686 (2006) and 1748 (2007)"
1098:'s term, Hariri resigned as Prime Minister, saying: "I have... submitted the resignation of the government, and I have declared that I will not be a candidate to head the (next) government."
3508:
690:
1167:. Among the allegations made against him was that his wealth grew from less than $ 1 billion when he was appointed prime minister in 1992, to over $ 16 billion when he died. The
4393:
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1303:
indicated that the Syrian government may be linked to the assassination. Lawyers tasked with prosecuting those responsible for the 2005 bombing said they had received evidence linking
1396:, who was carrying out the UN investigation about the assassination. Sayyed was one of the persons who decided to assassinate Rafik Hariri according to a leaked draft version of the
1308:
1300:
1204:, who succeeded his father as leader of the future movement, and Houssamâwho died in a traffic accident in the US in the late 1980s. They divorced. He married his second spouse,
3350:
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was also created at his instigation. Syria was initially accused of the assassination, which led to the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon following widespread protests.
2975:
1498:, a local secular, leftist newspaper, stating that Hezbollah drafted plans for a quick takeover of the country in the case an indictment against its members is issued by the
1119:
as a solution. He further went on to say that Syria would have to stay in Lebanon for protection of Lebanon until they are no longer needed and Lebanon asks them to leave.
1011:
In 1996 it was estimated that 30% of Lebanon's population were living below the poverty line and that there were 500,000 Syrian labourers working illegally in the country.
908:, building goodwill for Hariri politically. While acting as the Saudi envoy to Lebanon, he spent more time in Damascus than in Beirut where he ingratiated himself with the
3458:
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3312:
2009:
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later accused him of helping to destroy downtown Beirut to rebuild it again and make billions of dollars in the process. After the conflict, he acted as an envoy of the
4388:
3534:
2711:
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3459:"Decision on Badreddine Defence Interlocutory Appeal of the "Interim Decision on the Death of Mr Mustafa Amine Badreddine and Possible Termination of Proceedings""
3130:
1969:
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26 million had been embezzled from the Ministry of Finance, which Hariri headed in addition to being prime minister during his first two terms in office.
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As result of the growing criticism and popular discontent with Hariri's policies, the government banned public demonstrations in 1994 and relied upon the
2226:
3045:
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966:, which called for "all remaining foreign forces to withdraw from Lebanon." On 20 October 2004, his second term ended when he resigned from office.
3611:
Oeuvres et performances du president martyr Rafic Hariri, les performances economico-financieres avant Paris 2 et apres, le philanthrope batisseur
3505:
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for all their important developments. As a result, a few years after his first contract with King Khaled, Hariri had become a multi-billionaire.
697:
2929:
2130:
Neal, Mark W.; Richard Tansey (2010). "The dynamics of effective corrupt leadership: Lessons from Rafik Hariri's political career in Lebanon".
2993:
2802:
1502:. The report states that Hezbollah conducted a simulation of the plan on 28 October, immediately following a speech by its secretary general.
4403:
4378:
2397:
1805:
1534:
1462:, Hussein Hassan Oneissi, and Assad Hassan Sabra was issued and confirmed by the Pre-Trial Judge of the United Nations special tribunal (see
962:
In October 2000, Hariri was again appointed prime minister, replacing Salim Hoss, and formed the cabinet. In September 2004, Hariri defended
4398:
3699:
2534:
1835:"Rafic" is the spelling used on his website and in official contexts, with "Rafik" and "Rafiq" also being used in English-language media.
1599:
4373:
3400:
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1492:, claiming the tribunal to be an infringement on Lebanese sovereignty by western governments. On 1 November 2010, a report was leaked by
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that ended Lebanon's sixteen-year civil war. In 1992, Hariri became the first post-civil war prime minister of Lebanon under president
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1800:
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Hariri married twice. He had six children. In 1965, he married an Iraqi woman, Nidal Bustani, who is the mother of his three sons;
939:
71:
4328:
3645:) â Official site with news, video, press releases, speeches, statements, government policy, Cabinet decisions and UN resolutions
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4368:
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2045:
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1628:
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1537:. Additionally, Beirut General University hospital was renamed Rafiq Hariri Hospital. Rafic Hariri was succeeded by his son
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2719:
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1506:
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1361:. Chirac was one of the first foreign dignitaries to offer condolences to Hariri's widow in person at her home in Beirut.
1135:, a recent recruit of the anti-Syrian opposition, emboldened by popular anger and civic action now being called Lebanon's
912:; he had a new presidential palace built in Damascus as a gift to the Syrian dictator but Assad didn't use it personally.
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2017:
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1959:
777:. He was the first post-civil war prime minister and the most influential and wealthiest Lebanese politician until his
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to work. There, he taught for a short period of time before shifting to the construction industry. In 1978, he gained
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stations in the hands of pro-Syrian elites, a process which began on 17 September 1996 when Information Minister
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news investigation claimed that the special UN investigation team had found evidence for the responsibility of
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On 14 February 2005, Hariri was killed when explosives equivalent to around 1,800 kilograms (4,000 lb) of
683:
781:. During Hariri's first term as prime minister, tensions between Israel and Lebanon increased, as a result of
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helped achieve the withdrawal of Syrian troops and security forces from Lebanon and a change in government.
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19:"Al-Hariri" redirects here. This article is about the former Lebanese prime minister. For the writer, see
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evidence collected from the crime scene suggests that the assassination might be the act of a young male
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as prime minister. In fact, as a result of the power struggle between Hariri and newly elected president
888:
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457:
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833:). He attended elementary and secondary school in Sidon, and graduated in business administration from
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Hariri headed five cabinets during his tenure. He was widely credited for his role in constructing the
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Architecture, Power and Religion in Lebanon: Rafiq Hariri and the Politics of Sacred Space in Beirut
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At one point, Hariri was one of the world's 100 wealthiest men and the fourth-richest politician.
4125:
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1478:, Hassan Habib Merhi, Hussein Hassan Oneissi, and Assad Hassan Sabra currently remain on trial
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904:, which Saudi Arabia organised to bring the warring factions together. Taif put an end to the
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Hariri was well regarded among international leaders, for example, he was a close friend of
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worthless and asked if he was ready for the consequences of his refusal, reminding him that
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along with other Syrian high-rank intelligence and security officers and officials, namely
1277:. Hariri was buried along with his bodyguards, who died in the bombing, in a location near
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Société Libanaise pour le Développement et la Reconstruction du Centre-ville de Beyrouth
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Killing Mr Lebanon: The Assassination of Rafik Hariri and Its Impact on the Middle East
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3046:"UN probe into murder of former Lebanese leader nears sensitive stage â inquiry chief"
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1466:) in 2011. In February 2014, the case against Hassan Habib Merhi was joined with the
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in the assassination. A UN-backed tribunal issued four arrest warrants to members of
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reported that Syria "desperately" wanted to stop the investigation of the Tribunal.
792:
Hariri was assassinated on 14 February 2005 by a suicide truck bomb in Beirut. Four
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from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until he resigned on 20 October 2004
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2010:"Rafik Hariri, Ex-Premier of Lebanon, Dies at 60 (page 2 of 2)"
1989:"Rafik Hariri, Ex-Premier of Lebanon, Dies at 60 (page 1 of 2)"
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1355:
1349:
1139:, alleged in the wake of the assassination that on 26 August 2004 Syrian President
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2796:"Fragmented loyalties. Nation and Democracy in Lebanon after the Cedar Revolution"
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Family of Slain Lebanese Leader Demands Probe into Killing -The Associated Press/
3642:
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3159:
2953:"The Special Tribunal for Lebanon: A Court "Off the Shelf" for a Divided Country"
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2454:"Hezbollah ignored as Lebanon's top three leaders get major government shares"
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name for its new rejuvenation plan. A large component of "Horizon 2000" was
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1856:"Rafik Hariri tribunal: Guilty verdict over assassination of Lebanon ex-PM"
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concluded "that a network of individuals acted in concert to carry out the
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Company for the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut's Central District
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942:. Hariri put the country back on the financial map through the issuing of
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1069:. It was estimated that the move would result in the loss of 5,000 jobs.
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4120:
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4019:
3945:
3767:
3757:
3648:
2826:
Middle East International No 538, 22 November 1996; George Trendle p.14
2712:""You Are Either With Us Or with the Terrorists", President Bush Warns"
2256:
Middle East International No 540, 20 December 1996; George Trendle p.15
1664:
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1444:
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were terminated in July 2016 following credible reports of his death.
3028:"Anniversary of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri's Assassination"
2077:"Lebanon's Politics: The Sunni Community and Hariri's Future Current"
1587:
1392:
were all arrested in August 2005 at the request of German prosecutor
1327:
1323:
1270:
1106:
887:
In 1982, Hariri donated $ 12 million to Lebanese victims of the
861:
793:
773:. He also played a huge role in reconstructing the Lebanese capital,
607:
2645:
Middle East International No 535, 4 October 1996; Giles Trendle p.16
2195:"The Law, the Loss and the Lives of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon"
1458:
An indictment against alleged Hezbollah members Salim Jamil Ayyash,
3236:
3205:
1253:
1168:
1094:
Amid the political crisis brought on by the extension of President
1057:. The radio stations which were to be given licenses were Hariri's
993:
3445:"Decision on Trial Management and Reasons for Decision on Joinder"
1931:
3956:
3346:
1715:
1686:
1558:
1301:
United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission
1163:
Hariri was accused of corruption that plagued Lebanon during the
325:
39:
796:
members were indicted for the assassination and are being tried
3703:
3652:
3565:"US embassy cables: Egypt spy chief promises pressure on Hamas"
2243:
Middle East International No 538, 22 November 1996; Publishers
1616:
1208:, in 1976 and she is the mother of three of Hariri's children:
774:
746:, was a Lebanese businessman and politician, who served as the
341:
289:
2915:
2535:"Is Beirut's glitzy downtown redevelopment all that it seems?"
1184:
import of petroleum were awarded to the two sons of President
3343:"Factbox: Lebanese generals ordered released by Hariri court"
1657:
1128:
1077:
826:
321:
3326:
DEMOCRACY IN LEBANON â Post-Liberation Address â ۟۷ۧۚ ۧÙŰŹÙۧۥ
2327:
Makhzoumi, Fouad (2010). "Lebanon's Crisis of Sovereignty".
1529:
Rafic Hariri Statue in Beirut near to the assassination site
1455:, and Samir Shehade (who was investigating Hariri's death).
1380:, then head of Lebanese General Security, Brigadier General
4394:
Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
1892:"Forbes says Hariri ranks fourth among wealthy politicians"
3634:
3506:
Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal
3093:"Lebanon on a tinderbox (page 2 of 2)"
2960:
The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals
1533:
On 22 June 2005, Beirut International Airport was renamed
3296:"Redacted Version of the Amended Consolidated Indictment"
3266:
1289:
3263:"Hezbollah leader says Israel was behind Hariri killing"
2043:
900:
to Lebanon. He laid the groundwork that led to the 1989
3201:"CBC Investigation: Who killed Lebanon's Rafik Hariri?"
938:. After the 1996 elections he also took on the role of
3521:, 3 November 2010, The Middle East Research Institute.
3056:
876:, which became the main construction firm used by the
868:, the timely construction of which earned praise from
3820:
2165:. Kogan Page Publishers. November 2003. p. 113.
3519:
Lebanese Daily: Hizbullah Drills Takeover of Lebanon
2916:
Ed Hammond and Sally Gainsbury (12 September 2012).
2841:"The Hariri Political Dynasty after the Arab Spring"
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
1818:, officially called the Special Tribunal for Lebanon
1768:
1101:
During a BBC interview in 2001, Harīrī was asked by
728:
3233:"Hariri murder: UN tribunal issues arrest warrants"
1419:Following Hariri's death, there were several other
742:1 November 1944 â 14 February 2005), also known as
3535:"Hezbollah to take over "large parts of Lebanon"?"
2917:
2129:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1423:against minor anti-Syrian figures. These included
1122:
4389:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
3599:("The Baath and the Arab Homeland"). Paris: EMA.
2601:
2526:
2044:Gambill, Gary C.; Ziad K. Abdelnour (July 2001).
829:. He had two siblings (brother Shafic and sister
4275:
3473:"Hezbollah commander Badreddine killed in Syria"
3180:. United Nations Security Council. 28 March 2008
2801:. University of Southern Denmark. Archived from
2743:"Behind Lebanon Upheaval, 2 Men's Fateful Clash"
2740:
1045:(MTV) owned by the brother of Interior Minister
16:Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992â1998, 2000â2004)
1946:
1307:'s phone to the case. In its tenth report, the
1039:Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International
821:Hariri was born on 1 November 1944 to a modest
3290:
3288:
3123:"STL puts Assad under scrutiny in Hariri case"
2493:; Bassam Fattouh and Reinoud Leenders pp.19â20
2106:"Prime Minister Alwaleed bin Talal? For what?"
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1072:
3806:
3307:
3305:
1806:Assassinations linked to the Cedar Revolution
973:
691:
2919:"Hyde Park mansion on sale for ÂŁ300 million"
2391:
2389:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
4424:Asian politicians assassinated in the 2000s
3395:
3393:
3285:
3169:
3167:
2950:
2577:"Lebanon's vast web of corruption unravels"
2028:
816:
269:20 October 1992 â 14 February 2005
3813:
3799:
3302:
2838:
2558:Middle East International No 535; pp.19â20
2532:
2446:
2259:
1078:Hariri and Lebanon's political environment
698:
684:
218:31 October 1992 â 4 December 1998
154:31 January 1992 â 2 December 1998
99:23 October 2000 â 21 October 2004
70:
3198:
2944:
2834:
2832:
2787:
2761:
2386:
2326:
2097:
1909:
1801:List of assassinated Lebanese politicians
1600:Order of the Liberator General San MartĂn
1511:Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate
737:
3390:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3164:
2951:Wetzel, Jan Erik; Mitri, Yvonne (2008).
2614:
2355:
2294:
2071:
2069:
1524:
1367:
1252:
1223:From 1982 until his death, Hariri owned
1151:
1081:
1014:
987:Rafic Hariri's former residence in Paris
982:
3437:
3153:machnouk assad linked to Hariri bombers
3066:
2909:
2793:
2320:
2266:Fakih, Mohalhel (17â23 February 2005).
2192:
2186:
1811:List of Lebanese people in Saudi Arabia
1105:why he refused to hand over members of
940:minister of post and telecommunications
4339:American University of Beirut trustees
4276:
3447:. STL Trial Chamber. 25 February 2014.
3353:from the original on 24 September 2015
3048:. UN. 18 December 2006. Archived from
2895:"Syria mourns death of a 'golden son'"
2829:
2533:Wainwright, Oliver (22 January 2015).
2361:
2329:Survival: Global Politics and Strategy
2155:
2153:
1972:from the original on 6 September 2015.
1870:"Rafik Hariri: Billionaire politician"
1670:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1629:National Order of the Legion of Honour
1505:On the other side, it was revealed by
1470:case. Proceedings against the accused
1447:. Assassination attempts were made on
1299:In its first two reports in 2014, the
1231:district. The house was gifted to the
3794:
3722:Death of Businessman By Ajami, Fouad
3486:Hezbollah chief: Israel killed Hariri
3330:
3315:. STL Trial Chamber. 1 February 2011.
3213:from the original on 3 September 2013
3025:
2981:from the original on 10 October 2017.
2932:from the original on 10 December 2022
2879:from the original on 31 January 2013.
2770:"Berri, Hariri silent on Syria talks"
2265:
2103:
2066:
2007:
1986:
1957:
1090:and Hariri meeting in the White House
1023:to enforce the decree. Supporters of
4404:20th-century Lebanese businesspeople
4379:Naturalised citizens of Saudi Arabia
3532:
3461:. STL Appeals Chamber. 11 July 2016.
3433:. STL Pre-Trial Judge. 28 June 2011.
3313:"Decision to Hold Trial in Absentia"
3273:from the original on 10 October 2017
3199:Macdonald, Neil (21 November 2010).
2985:
2889:
2767:
2615:Ciezadlo, Annia (24 February 2007).
2574:
2395:
2123:
978:
825:family in the Lebanese port city of
4399:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2485:No 535, 4 October 1996; Publishers
2150:
1200:(born 1967), who is a businessman,
964:UN Security Council Resolution 1559
915:
718:
429:This article is part of a series on
13:
4374:Lebanese emigrants to Saudi Arabia
3966:
3846:
2741:Neil Macfarquhar (20 March 2005).
2656:"BBC Interview With Rafiq Hariri'"
2589:from the original on 27 March 2019
2364:"Bashar al-Assad's Lebanon Gamble"
2229:. 18 December 2019. Archived from
1535:Rafic Hariri International Airport
1257:Buildings damaged by the car bomb.
840:
646:Rafik Hariri International airport
14:
4445:
4409:20th-century Lebanese politicians
4349:Assassinated Lebanese politicians
4309:21st-century Lebanese politicians
3691:collected news and commentary at
3680:collected news and commentary at
3671:collected news and commentary at
3628:
3243:from the original on 4 April 2019
2460:. 27 October 2004. Archived from
2051:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
2008:Sachs, Susan (15 February 2005).
1987:Sachs, Susan (15 February 2005).
1958:Worth, Robert F. (30 June 2011).
1757:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit
1320:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1144:lasted for just fifteen minutes.
970:succeeded him as prime minister.
872:. Hariri took over Oger, forming
575:2017 LebanonâSaudi Arabia dispute
4429:Politicians assassinated in 2005
4419:People of the Lebanese Civil War
3515:, Stratfor Global Intelligence.
3407:. 31 August 2009. Archived from
3026:Kerry, John (14 February 2013).
2991:
2794:Seeberg, Peter (February 2007).
2575:Fisk, Robert (6 December 1998).
1785:
1771:
1750:
1737:
1721:
1708:
1692:
1679:
1663:
1650:
1634:
1622:
1609:
1593:
1580:
1564:
1551:
1363:The Special Tribunal for Lebanon
1242:
1239:, after Hariri's assassination.
1191:
671:
656:Rafik Hariri University Hospital
474:
467:
456:
449:
3575:
3557:
3526:
3498:
3479:
3465:
3451:
3423:
3365:
3319:
3145:
3115:
3038:
2883:
2820:
2734:
2704:
2678:
2648:
2639:
2623:. New York City. Archived from
2552:
2496:
2476:
2362:Harris, William (Summer 2005).
2250:
2237:
2219:
1541:as leader of the Future Party.
1123:Opposition to Syrian occupation
4329:Businesspeople in construction
3533:Nash, Matt (1 November 2010).
2839:Vloeberghs, Ward (July 2012).
2510:. Solidere.com. Archived from
2396:Safa, Oussama (January 2006).
1884:
1862:
1848:
1829:
735:Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:
1:
4369:Deaths by car bomb in Lebanon
4324:Beirut Arab University alumni
3151:Daily Star, 14 November 2014
2768:Raad, Nada (27 August 2004).
1924:"Rafiq Al Hariri's biography"
1842:
1313:assassination of Rafiq Hariri
1249:Assassination of Rafic Hariri
1147:
1051:National Broadcasting Network
711:Rafic Bahaa El Deen al-Hariri
560:Assassination of Rafic Hariri
309:Rafic Bahaa El Deen Al Hariri
4319:Finance ministers of Lebanon
3615:Blandford, Nicholas (2006).
2862:10.1080/13629395.2012.694046
2144:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.003
1755:Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the
1728:Order of the Star of Romania
1464:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
1343:
1338:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
1233:Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
1227:, a large house in London's
804:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
730:RafÄ«q BahÄÊŸ ad-DÄ«n al-កarÄ«rÄ«
555:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
7:
4354:Terrorism deaths in Lebanon
4344:Future Movement politicians
3597:Al-Baath wal Watan Al-Arabi
3571:. London. 28 November 2010.
2104:Mehio, Saad (9 July 2002).
1858:. BBC News. 18 August 2020.
1764:
1571:National Order of the Cedar
1421:bombings and assassinations
1073:Prime Minister: (2000â2004)
889:1978 South Lebanon conflict
729:
10:
4450:
4434:Deaths by explosive device
4384:Lebanese mass media owners
4364:People murdered in Lebanon
4359:Lebanese terrorism victims
4314:Prime ministers of Lebanon
3822:Prime ministers of Lebanon
3774:Prime Minister of Lebanon
3726:-17 February 2005 Page A12
3609:Stephan, Joseph S. (2006)
3589:
2660:Information clearing house
1668:Knight Grand Cross of the
1544:
1347:
1269:van were detonated as his
1265:concealed inside a parked
1246:
974:Prime Minister (1992â1998)
946:and won plaudits from the
934:. In addition, he was the
739:[ÉŸafiËÊlËħaÉŸiËÉŸiË]
25:
18:
4414:Assassinations in Lebanon
4261:
3955:
3851:French Mandate of Lebanon
3835:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3754:
3748:Prime Minister of Lebanon
3745:
3737:
3732:
3621:Vloeberghs, Ward (2015).
2483:Middle East International
2398:"Lebanon springs forward"
2341:10.1080/00396331003764298
1641:Order of Arts and Letters
1520:
1177:central business district
851:Saudi Arabian citizenship
748:Prime Minister of Lebanon
420:
394:
382:
372:
358:
349:Manner of death
348:
331:
304:
299:
295:
285:
273:
262:
254:
242:
232:
222:
211:
204:
192:
180:
170:
158:
147:
135:
123:
113:
103:
92:
87:Prime Minister of Lebanon
85:
81:
69:
60:
53:
3475:. BBC News. 13 May 2016.
3072:"Lebanon on a Tinderbox"
3032:U.S. Department of State
2972:10.1163/157180308x311110
2901:. London. Archived from
2132:The Leadership Quarterly
1822:
1507:leaked US embassy cables
1460:Mustafa Amine Badreddine
923:Prince Bandar bin Sultan
845:In 1965, Hariri went to
817:Early life and education
580:2017 Saudi Arabian purge
61:
3855:office established 1926
3724:The Wall Street Journal
3511:6 November 2010 at the
3491:16 January 2013 at the
2046:"Dossier: Rafiq Hariri"
1928:Rafiq Hariri Foundation
1279:Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque
1061:, Berri's NBN, and the
928:the 1990 Taif Agreement
769:that ended the 15-year
719:۱ÙÙÙ ŰšÙۧۥ ۧÙŰŻÙÙ Ű§ÙŰ۱Ù۱Ù
3972:
3852:
3595:Sallam, Qasim (1980).
2849:Mediterranean Politics
1530:
1388:and Brigadier General
1373:
1372:Hariri memorial shrine
1258:
1160:
1091:
1053:(NBN) being set up by
1037:, the Christian-owned
988:
835:Beirut Arab University
4334:Lebanese billionaires
3970:
3850:
3158:6 August 2020 at the
2999:. GWU. Archived from
2417:10.1353/jod.2006.0016
2368:Middle East Quarterly
2306:APS Diplomat Recorder
2247:; George Trendle p.14
2193:Knudsen, Are (2007).
1528:
1371:
1256:
1155:
1085:
1067:Voice of Free Lebanon
1015:Corruption in Lebanon
986:
853:, in addition to his
661:Rafik Hariri monument
3641:7 April 2013 at the
3298:. STL. 12 July 2016.
3070:(19 November 2006).
2405:Journal of Democracy
2233:on 18 December 2019.
2020:on 23 February 2013.
2001:on 23 February 2013.
1697:Grand Cordon of the
1569:Grand Cordon of the
1437:Pierre Amine Gemayel
1237:Sultan bin Abdulaziz
855:Lebanese citizenship
651:Rafic Hariri Stadium
3905:Khayreddin al-Ahdab
3870:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
3377:The Washington Post
3052:on 21 October 2012.
2994:"Death of a Martyr"
2925:The Financial Times
2893:(22 January 1994).
2434:on 27 February 2011
2302:"Hariri Forms Govt"
2058:(7). Archived from
1726:Grand Cross of the
1699:Order of the Throne
1627:Grand Cross of the
1598:Grand Cross of the
1500:UN Special Tribunal
998:compulsory purchase
959:, he left office.
936:minister of finance
257:Lebanese Parliament
206:Minister of Finance
3980:Abdul Hamid Karami
3973:
3885:Auguste Adib Pacha
3860:Auguste Adib Pacha
3853:
3733:Political offices
3694:The New York Times
3683:The Jerusalem Post
3673:Al Jazeera English
3133:on 1 December 2017
3099:on 1 December 2012
2905:on 26 August 2013.
2747:The New York Times
2716:Iran press service
2692:. 16 February 2005
2514:on 16 January 2013
2227:"Former Ministers"
2162:Middle East Review
2082:Middle East Report
2014:The New York Times
1994:The New York Times
1965:The New York Times
1531:
1476:Salim Jamil Ayyash
1472:Mustafa Badreddine
1374:
1259:
1161:
1156:Rafiq Hariri with
1092:
989:
898:Saudi royal family
878:Saudi Royal family
771:Lebanese Civil War
21:Al-Hariri of Basra
4304:People from Sidon
4271:
4270:
4266:
4156:Takieddin el-Solh
4131:Takieddin el-Solh
4091:Hussein Al Oweini
4000:Hussein Al Oweini
3971:Lebanese Republic
3957:Lebanese Republic
3875:Bechara El Khoury
3865:Bechara El Khoury
3789:
3788:
3780:Succeeded by
3755:Succeeded by
3401:"Jamil as-Sayyed"
3349:. 29 April 2009.
3030:(Press release).
2808:on 4 January 2014
2491:Dennis Walters MP
2308:. 28 October 2000
2172:978-0-7494-4066-4
2085:(96). 26 May 2010
1284:A 2006 report by
1225:2â8a Rutland Gate
1165:Syrian occupation
1035:Future Television
979:Economic policies
727:
708:
707:
603:March 14 alliance
424:
423:
4441:
4264:
4111:Abdallah El-Yafi
4101:Abdallah El-Yafi
3915:Abdallah El-Yafi
3830:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3777:2000–2004
3765:Preceded by
3752:1992–1998
3738:Preceded by
3730:
3729:
3719:17 February 2005
3584:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3545:on 6 August 2020
3541:. Archived from
3530:
3524:
3502:
3496:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3411:on 19 April 2011
3397:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3339:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3239:. 30 June 2011.
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3171:
3162:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3129:. Archived from
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3095:. Archived from
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3076:Washington Times
3060:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3005:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2957:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2806:(Working Papers)
2800:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2749:. Lebanon; Syria
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2718:. Archived from
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2662:. Archived from
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2572:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2500:
2494:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:on 21 March 2013
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2427:. Archived from
2402:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2282:on 25 March 2013
2278:. Archived from
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:. Archived from
2003:
2002:
1997:. Archived from
1980:
1974:
1973:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:on 8 August 2020
1930:. Archived from
1920:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1836:
1833:
1795:
1793:Biography portal
1790:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1754:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1725:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1667:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1626:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1597:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1568:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1490:Special Tribunal
1384:, Major General
1356:French President
1350:Cedar Revolution
1137:Cedar Revolution
1112:War on Terrorism
916:Political career
808:Cedar Revolution
787:President Bashar
757:
755:
741:
736:
732:
722:
720:
700:
693:
686:
675:
565:Cedar Revolution
478:
471:
460:
453:
437:
426:
425:
338:
335:14 February 2005
318:
316:
300:Personal details
276:
267:
245:
235:
225:
216:
195:
183:
152:
138:
126:
97:
74:
64:
51:
50:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4257:
4141:Nureddine Rifai
4066:Khalil al-Hibri
3959:
3951:
3948:
3926:Alfred Naqqache
3920:Abdallah Beyhum
3895:Abdallah Beyhum
3839:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3785:
3776:
3770:
3760:
3751:
3743:
3643:Wayback Machine
3631:
3592:
3587:
3580:
3576:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3531:
3527:
3513:Wayback Machine
3503:
3499:
3493:Wayback Machine
3484:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3373:"Mehlis Report"
3371:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3269:. 3 June 2011.
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3160:Wayback Machine
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3068:Salhani, Claude
3065:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3007:
3006:on 19 July 2013
3003:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2914:
2910:
2899:The Independent
2888:
2884:
2876:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2722:on 3 March 2016
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2686:"Rafiq Hariri'"
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2666:on 10 June 2011
2654:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2613:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2582:The Independent
2573:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2400:
2394:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2356:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2272:Al Ahram Weekly
2268:"A city mourns"
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2006:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1956:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1816:Hariri Tribunal
1791:
1786:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1738:
1736:
1709:
1707:
1680:
1678:
1651:
1649:
1610:
1608:
1581:
1579:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1523:
1414:Bahjat Suleyman
1378:Jamil Al Sayyed
1352:
1346:
1288:indicated that
1286:Serge Brammertz
1251:
1245:
1194:
1158:Donald Rumsfeld
1150:
1141:Bashar al-Assad
1125:
1086:U.S. President
1080:
1075:
1063:Lebanese Forces
1043:Murr Television
1017:
981:
976:
918:
843:
841:Business career
819:
753:
751:
744:Rafiq al-Hariri
734:
704:
666:
665:
641:
633:
632:
598:Future Movement
593:
585:
584:
570:Hariri Tribunal
550:
542:
541:
492:
484:
483:
482:
481:
480:
479:
472:
463:
462:
461:
454:
435:
387:
377:Future Movement
373:Political party
340:
336:
320:
319:1 November 1944
314:
312:
311:
310:
274:
268:
263:
243:
233:
223:
217:
212:
193:
181:
165:
153:
148:
136:
124:
98:
93:
77:
65:
62:
56:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4447:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4269:
4268:
4265:denotes acting
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Saadi Al Munla
3987:
3982:
3977:
3963:
3961:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Charles Debbas
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3843:
3841:
3837:French Mandate
3833:
3832:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3717:New York Times
3712:
3711:
3710:Print articles
3707:
3706:
3697:
3686:
3675:
3666:
3655:
3646:
3630:
3629:External links
3627:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3556:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3497:
3478:
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3450:
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3422:
3389:
3364:
3329:
3318:
3301:
3284:
3254:
3224:
3191:
3163:
3144:
3127:The Daily Star
3114:
3111:
3110:
3088:
3062:
3055:
3037:
3018:
2984:
2943:
2908:
2882:
2856:(2): 241â248.
2828:
2819:
2786:
2774:The Daily Star
2760:
2733:
2703:
2677:
2647:
2638:
2627:on 1 July 2009
2617:"Sect Symbols"
2600:
2560:
2551:
2525:
2506:About Solidere
2495:
2475:
2445:
2385:
2354:
2319:
2293:
2258:
2249:
2236:
2218:
2185:
2171:
2149:
2122:
2110:The Daily Star
2096:
2065:
2062:on 8 May 2014.
2027:
2024:
2023:
2004:
1982:
1975:
1960:"Rafik Hariri"
1945:
1908:
1896:The Daily Star
1883:
1861:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1782:
1779:Lebanon portal
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1639:Knight of the
1632:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1546:
1543:
1522:
1519:
1441:Antoine Ghanem
1382:Mustafa Hamdan
1376:Major General
1359:Jacques Chirac
1348:Main article:
1345:
1342:
1294:suicide bomber
1275:Bassel Fleihan
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1193:
1190:
1149:
1146:
1133:Walid Jumblatt
1124:
1121:
1116:George W. Bush
1088:George W. Bush
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1016:
1013:
980:
977:
975:
972:
917:
914:
842:
839:
818:
815:
767:Taif Agreement
706:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
677:
676:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
594:
591:
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587:
586:
583:
582:
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562:
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529:
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473:
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455:
448:
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446:
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440:
439:
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430:
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421:
418:
417:
396:
392:
391:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:
339:(aged 60)
333:
329:
328:
308:
306:
302:
301:
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
260:
259:
252:
251:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
224:Prime Minister
220:
219:
209:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
160:
156:
155:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
90:
89:
83:
82:
79:
78:
76:Hariri in 2004
75:
67:
66:
58:
57:
54:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4446:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:Hariri family
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:Fouad Siniora
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Selim al-Hoss
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Selim al-Hoss
4181:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:Selim al-Hoss
4169:
4167:
4166:Rashid Karami
4164:
4162:
4161:Shafik Wazzan
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:Selim al-Hoss
4149:
4147:
4146:Rashid Karami
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Rashid Karami
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Rashid Karami
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4096:Rashid Karami
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Rashid Karami
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Rashid Karami
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Abdallah Yafi
4054:
4052:
4051:Rashid Karami
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Abdallah Yafi
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Khaled Chehab
4029:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Abdallah Yafi
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Khaled Chehab
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3605:2-86584-003-4
3602:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3468:
3460:
3454:
3446:
3440:
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3322:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3148:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2823:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2555:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1515:Omar Suleiman
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:Ayyash et al.
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:Hassan Khalil
1407:
1403:
1402:Assef Shawkat
1399:
1398:Mehlis report
1395:
1394:Detlev Mehlis
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1250:
1243:Assassination
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Knightsbridge
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1192:Personal life
1189:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1103:Tim Sebastian
1099:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1021:Lebanese Army
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
985:
971:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
926:constructing
924:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
814:
811:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
790:
788:
784:
783:Qana massacre
780:
779:assassination
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
760:assassination
758:, before his
749:
745:
740:
731:
725:
716:
712:
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:
679:
678:
674:
670:
669:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:Organizations
589:
588:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
488:
487:
477:
470:
459:
452:
442:
441:
438:
436:Hariri family
433:
432:
428:
427:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
390:
386:Nidal Bustani
385:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
367:Saudi Arabian
364:
361:
357:
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353:Assassination
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4284:Rafic Hariri
4253:Najib Mikati
4238:Tammam Salam
4233:Najib Mikati
4218:Najib Mikati
4208:Rafic Hariri
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4198:Rafic Hariri
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4061:Sami as-Solh
4046:Sami as-Solh
4015:Nazem Akkari
4010:Sami as-Solh
3995:Riad Al Solh
3985:Sami as-Solh
3975:Riad Al Solh
3960:(since 1943)
3936:Sami as-Solh
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3700:Rafic Hariri
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2458:Lebanon Wire
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1425:Samir Kassir
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1390:Raymond Azar
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1305:Bashar Assad
1298:
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1096:Ămile Lahoud
1093:
1059:Orient Radio
1030:Farid Makari
1018:
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1006:
1002:
990:
961:
957:Ămile Lahoud
919:
910:Assad regime
886:
882:
866:Saudi Arabia
859:
847:Saudi Arabia
844:
823:Sunni Muslim
820:
812:
797:
791:
764:
743:
710:
709:
628:Al-Mustaqbal
623:Radio Orient
532:Ayman Hariri
522:Ahmad Hariri
517:Bahia Hariri
507:Nazik Hariri
502:Rafic Hariri
501:
497:Bahaa Hariri
389:Nazik Hariri
337:(2005-02-14)
286:Constituency
275:Succeeded by
264:
249:Georges Corm
244:Succeeded by
213:
194:Succeeded by
166:Ămile Lahoud
149:
137:Succeeded by
108:Ămile Lahoud
94:
63:۱ÙÙÙ Ű§ÙŰ۱Ù۱Ù
55:Rafic Hariri
48:
43:
35:
4294:2005 deaths
4289:1944 births
4248:Hassan Diab
4243:Saad Hariri
4228:Saad Hariri
4213:Omar Karami
4193:Rachid Solh
4188:Omar Karami
4177:Michel Aoun
4136:Rachid Solh
4126:Amine Hafez
4076:Ahmad Daouk
4025:Fuad Chehab
3941:Ayoub Tabet
3931:Ahmad Daouk
3900:Ayoub Tabet
3840:(1918â1943)
3783:Omar Karami
3741:Rachid Solh
3649:Appearances
3539:Now Lebanon
3405:Now Lebanon
3357:18 December
3217:18 December
2992:Edge, Tim.
2487:Lord Mayhew
2335:(2): 5â12.
2245:Lord Mayhew
1745:South Korea
1539:Saad Hariri
1481:in absentia
1453:May Chidiac
1429:George Hawi
1406:Maher Assad
1333:in absentia
1186:Elias Hrawi
1055:Nabih Berri
1047:Michel Murr
1025:Michel Aoun
968:Omar Karami
932:Elias Hrawi
902:Taif Accord
894:Najah Wakim
870:King Khaled
799:in absentia
789:increased.
537:Hind Hariri
527:Fahd Hariri
512:Saad Hariri
405:, Houssam,
359:Nationality
280:Saad Hariri
234:Preceded by
187:Rachid Solh
182:Preceded by
175:Michel Murr
163:Elias Hrawi
142:Omar Karami
125:Preceded by
118:Issam Fares
40:family name
4278:Categories
4121:Saeb Salam
4081:Saeb Salam
4036:Saeb Salam
4020:Saeb Salam
3946:Petro Trad
3880:Ămile EddĂ©
3768:Selim Hoss
3758:Selim Hoss
3277:1 December
3247:1 December
3184:13 January
3103:1 December
2966:: 81â114.
2936:28 October
2812:23 October
2621:The Nation
2593:1 December
2585:. London.
2374:(3): 33â44
1843:References
1509:that then
1449:Elias Murr
1445:Walid Eido
1267:Mitsubishi
1206:Nazik Audi
1148:Corruption
1049:, and the
953:Salim Hoss
948:World Bank
874:Saudi Oger
754:2004-10-20
618:Daily Star
613:Saudi Oger
315:1944-11-01
255:Member of
238:Asaad Diab
3137:18 August
3081:21 August
2870:154581954
2544:18 August
2425:143710565
2349:153822060
2138:: 33â49.
1901:18 August
1876:18 August
1588:Argentina
1513:director
1495:Al Akhbar
1344:Aftermath
1328:Hezbollah
1324:Hezbollah
1271:motorcade
1171:(French:
1127:Lebanese
1107:Hezbollah
944:Eurobonds
906:civil war
794:Hezbollah
762:in 2005.
724:romanized
640:Namesakes
608:Future TV
383:Spouse(s)
344:, Lebanon
265:In office
214:In office
159:President
150:In office
104:President
95:In office
44:Al Hariri
3639:Archived
3509:Archived
3489:Archived
3351:Archived
3271:Archived
3241:Archived
3237:BBC News
3211:Archived
3206:CBC News
3156:Archived
3010:24 March
2976:Archived
2930:Archived
2874:Archived
2779:16 March
2690:BBC News
2587:Archived
2468:25 March
2438:17 March
2378:17 March
2312:19 March
2286:15 April
2211:20 March
2178:19 March
1970:Archived
1765:See also
1386:Ali Hajj
1041:(LBCI),
994:Solidere
395:Children
363:Lebanese
26:In this
3590:Sources
3549:18 July
3415:29 June
3382:28 June
3347:Reuters
2631:25 June
2115:18 July
1716:Romania
1687:Morocco
1559:Lebanon
1545:Honours
1336:by the
1131:leader
802:by the
752: (
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228:Himself
3704:Curlie
3653:C-SPAN
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2726:4 July
2696:4 July
2670:4 July
2518:4 July
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1631:(1996)
1617:France
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1521:Legacy
1309:UNIIIC
775:Beirut
715:Arabic
549:Events
491:People
342:Beirut
290:Beirut
171:Deputy
114:Deputy
30:, the
3495:, CNN
3178:(PDF)
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2844:(PDF)
2799:(PDF)
2432:(PDF)
2421:S2CID
2401:(PDF)
2345:S2CID
2198:(PDF)
1872:. BBC
1823:Notes
1658:Italy
1210:Ayman
1198:Bahaa
1129:Druze
862:Taâif
831:Bahia
827:Sidon
407:Ayman
399:Bahaa
322:Sidon
3827:List
3601:ISBN
3551:2013
3417:2012
3384:2012
3359:2012
3279:2012
3249:2012
3219:2012
3186:2017
3139:2020
3105:2012
3083:2022
3012:2013
2938:2015
2814:2012
2781:2013
2755:2011
2728:2011
2698:2011
2672:2011
2633:2011
2595:2012
2546:2020
2520:2011
2470:2013
2440:2013
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2213:2013
2180:2013
2167:ISBN
2117:2013
2091:2013
1940:2020
1903:2020
1878:2020
1443:and
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1216:and
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1202:Saad
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