111:
144:
979:
775:
351:
normally have a concavo-convex profile, with radiating striae of alternating size which are crossed with finer concentric striae. Their width is usually greater than their length, like most
748:
610:
110:
590:
490:
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620:
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364:
227:
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925:
1114:
1069:
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866:
1020:
1229:
1079:
912:
1239:
1159:
1074:
1039:
325:
1224:
728:
1059:
1119:
355:. Members of this genus had shells that grew in increments, with each increment forming a layer of the shell (much like
1139:
1134:
1054:
1219:
1149:
1209:
1189:
1044:
1234:
1184:
1094:
1049:
1013:
1199:
776:"Growth rhythms in the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata from the Late Ordovician of southeastern Indiana"
1169:
1104:
1099:
251:
143:
1164:
1204:
1194:
1179:
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8:
791:
377:
environment and proposed it could be possible to estimate the total number of days in a
803:
694:
138:
994:
938:
807:
724:
344:
247:
698:
795:
684:
386:
990:
903:
799:
1033:
400:
specimens had a cosmopolitan distribution, and their fossils can be found in
352:
201:
188:
68:
343:, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were
689:
315:
260:
978:
378:
311:
43:
20:
986:
917:
827:
360:
307:
175:
88:
53:
382:
155:
93:
874:
897:
401:
374:
340:
322:
126:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
300:
130:
98:
73:
405:
165:
721:
National
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils
303:
409:
356:
122:
670:"Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana"
723:. New York: Alfred a Knopf Inc. pp. 650–651.
1031:
373:previously inferred to have lived in a shallow
1014:
851:
849:
1130:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
1125:Paleozoic life of Newfoundland and Labrador
1021:
1007:
846:
663:
661:
109:
773:
688:
828:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
718:
667:
121:from the Excello South Outcrop near the
746:
742:
740:
658:
1090:Paleozoic brachiopods of South America
1085:Paleozoic brachiopods of North America
1032:
326:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz
879:
878:
837:
835:
973:
737:
747:Stigall, Alycia (16 October 2013).
13:
1115:Paleozoic life of British Columbia
1070:Paleozoic animals of South America
1065:Paleozoic animals of North America
832:
14:
1256:
977:
719:Thompson, Ida (September 1982).
321:The genus was named in honor of
142:
41:
1230:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
1080:Paleozoic brachiopods of Europe
392:
860:
821:
767:
712:
331:
16:Genus of paleozoic brachiopods
1:
1240:Fossil taxa described in 1892
1160:Fossils of the Czech Republic
1075:Paleozoic brachiopods of Asia
1040:Prehistoric brachiopod genera
755:. National Science Foundation
677:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
651:
1225:Fossils of the United States
993:. You can help Knowledge by
285:
7:
1060:Paleozoic animals of Europe
10:
1261:
1120:Paleozoic life of Manitoba
972:
415:
18:
1140:Paleozoic life of Ontario
1135:Paleozoic life of Nunavut
1055:Paleozoic animals of Asia
887:
800:10.1017/S0094837300007132
282:
277:
266:
259:
139:Scientific classification
137:
117:
108:
30:
1220:Fossils of Great Britain
1150:Paleozoic life of Quebec
774:Rosenberg, Gary (1982).
753:Atlas of Ordovician Life
668:Colmenar, Jorge (2016).
645:Marek and HavlĂÄŤek, 1967
635:Marek and HavlĂÄŤek, 1967
19:Not to be confused with
565:Cooper and Kindle, 1936
1210:Fossils of South Korea
1190:Fossils of North Korea
1045:Ordovician brachiopods
989:-related article is a
690:10.4202/app.00102.2014
585:Hayes and Ulrich, 1903
389:using layer counting.
370:Rafinesquina alternata
367:analyzed specimens of
310:that existed from the
119:Rafinesquina ponderosa
952:Paleobiology Database
842:Paleobiology Database
420:Species in the genus
1235:Fossils of Venezuela
1185:Fossils of Lithuania
1095:Fossils of Argentina
1050:Silurian brachiopods
611:R. stropheodontoides
381:(the period between
1200:Fossils of Portugal
792:1982Pbio....8..389R
1170:Fossils of Estonia
1105:Fossils of Bolivia
1100:Fossils of Belarus
345:suspension feeders
268:Leptaena alternata
39:Darriwilian–Ludlow
1205:Fossils of Russia
1195:Fossils of Norway
1180:Fossils of Latvia
1175:Fossils of France
1145:Verulam Formation
1110:Fossils of Canada
1002:
1001:
967:
966:
939:Open Tree of Life
881:Taxon identifiers
730:978-0-394-52412-2
646:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
591:R. pseudoloricata
586:
576:
566:
556:
546:
536:
526:
516:
506:
496:
491:R. latisculptilus
486:
481:R. jeffersonensis
476:
466:
456:
446:
436:
365:Gary D. Rosenberg
292:
291:
255:
1252:
1245:Brachiopod stubs
1215:Fossils of Spain
1155:Fossils of China
1023:
1016:
1009:
981:
974:
960:
959:
947:
946:
934:
933:
921:
920:
908:
907:
906:
876:
875:
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864:
858:
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844:
839:
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814:
771:
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764:
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735:
734:
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
692:
674:
665:
644:
634:
624:
614:
604:
595:(Barrande, 1848)
594:
584:
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564:
554:
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534:
524:
514:
504:
494:
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454:
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246:
239:
226:
213:
200:
187:
147:
146:
113:
103:
40:
36:Temporal range:
28:
27:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1165:Letná Formation
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
970:
968:
963:
955:
950:
942:
937:
929:
924:
916:
911:
902:
901:
896:
883:
873:
872:
867:Catalog of Life
865:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
822:
812:
810:
772:
768:
758:
756:
745:
738:
731:
717:
713:
703:
701:
672:
666:
659:
654:
649:
621:R. trentonensis
605:Benedetto, 1995
418:
395:
387:Late Ordovician
334:
273:
270:
245:
237:
228:Rafinesquininae
224:
215:Rafinesquinidae
211:
198:
185:
141:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1258:
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1217:
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1117:
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999:
982:
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961:
948:
935:
922:
909:
893:
891:
885:
884:
871:
870:
859:
845:
831:
820:
786:(4): 389–401.
766:
749:"Rafinesquina"
736:
729:
711:
683:(2): 293–326.
656:
655:
653:
650:
648:
647:
637:
627:
617:
615:(Savage, 1913)
607:
597:
587:
577:
567:
557:
555:Oraspold, 1956
547:
545:Oraspold, 1956
537:
535:(Emmons, 1842)
527:
517:
507:
497:
495:(Savage, 1913)
487:
477:
475:Williams, 1962
467:
465:(Conrad, 1838)
457:
455:Williams, 1974
447:
437:
435:(Conrad, 1838)
426:
417:
414:
394:
391:
359:do with their
337:Rafinesquina's
333:
330:
290:
289:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
264:
263:
257:
256:
235:
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196:
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183:
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159:
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153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
133:tristate area
115:
114:
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97:
92:
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82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1236:
1233:
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1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
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1201:
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1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
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1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
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1118:
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1113:
1111:
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1038:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
975:
971:
958:
953:
949:
945:
940:
936:
932:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
905:
899:
895:
894:
892:
890:
886:
882:
877:
868:
863:
857:
852:
850:
843:
838:
836:
829:
824:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
754:
750:
743:
741:
732:
726:
722:
715:
700:
696:
691:
686:
682:
678:
671:
664:
662:
657:
643:
642:
638:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
613:
612:
608:
603:
602:
598:
593:
592:
588:
583:
582:
578:
573:
572:
568:
563:
562:
558:
553:
552:
548:
543:
542:
541:R. oanduensis
538:
533:
532:
528:
525:Foerste, 1914
523:
522:
518:
515:Shumard, 1860
513:
512:
508:
503:
502:
498:
493:
492:
488:
485:Bradley, 1930
483:
482:
478:
473:
472:
468:
463:
462:
458:
453:
452:
448:
445:(James, 1874)
443:
442:
438:
433:
432:
428:
427:
425:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
390:
388:
385:) during the
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:Strophomenids
350:
346:
342:
339:members were
338:
329:
327:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
298:
297:
288:
287:
281:
276:
269:
265:
262:
258:
253:
249:
244:
243:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Strophomenida
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:Strophomenata
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
33:
29:
26:
22:
995:expanding it
984:
969:
889:Rafinesquina
888:
862:
823:
811:. Retrieved
783:
780:Paleobiology
779:
769:
757:. Retrieved
752:
720:
714:
702:. Retrieved
680:
676:
639:
629:
625:(Hall, 1847)
619:
609:
599:
589:
581:R. ponderosa
579:
575:Cooper, 1956
571:R. planulata
569:
561:R. percensis
559:
549:
539:
529:
521:R. mucronata
519:
511:R. mesicosta
509:
499:
489:
479:
471:R. insidiosa
469:
461:R. deltoidea
459:
449:
439:
431:R. alternata
429:
422:Rafinesquina
421:
419:
402:the Americas
398:Rafinesquina
397:
396:
393:Distribution
368:
363:). In 1982,
349:Rafinesquina
348:
336:
335:
320:
316:Ludlow epoch
296:Rafinesquina
295:
294:
293:
283:
272:Conrad, 1838
267:
261:Type species
242:Rafinesquina
241:
240:
118:
32:Rafinesquina
31:
25:
856:Fossilworks
641:R. urbicola
601:R. relicula
505:Vilas, 1985
451:R. delicata
441:R. declivis
379:lunar month
332:Description
312:Darriwilian
221:Subfamily:
176:Brachiopoda
21:Rafinesquia
1034:Categories
987:brachiopod
652:References
551:R. orvikui
501:R. lignani
383:full moons
308:brachiopod
808:131583623
631:R. ultrix
531:R. nasuta
424:include:
341:epifaunal
306:of large
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
904:Q2333427
898:Wikidata
813:12 April
759:26 March
704:26 March
699:54862401
375:subtidal
323:polymath
278:Species
208:Family:
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
127:Kentucky
944:4163505
931:1222709
918:4866517
788:Bibcode
416:Species
314:to the
301:extinct
286:Species
234:Genus:
195:Order:
182:Class:
131:Indiana
806:
727:
697:
408:, and
406:Europe
299:is an
254:, 1892
248:Clarke
985:This
957:27866
926:IRMNG
804:S2CID
695:S2CID
673:(PDF)
361:rings
357:trees
304:genus
991:stub
913:GBIF
815:2020
761:2020
725:ISBN
706:2020
410:Asia
284:See
252:Hall
250:and
123:Ohio
44:Preęž’
796:doi
685:doi
412:.
318:.
1036::
954::
941::
928::
915::
900::
848:^
834:^
802:.
794:.
782:.
778:.
751:.
739:^
693:.
681:61
679:.
675:.
660:^
404:,
347:.
328:.
94:Pg
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1015:t
1008:v
997:.
817:.
798::
790::
784:8
763:.
733:.
708:.
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225:â€
212:â€
199:â€
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125:-
99:N
89:K
84:J
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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