1101:
306:
266:(hinge). In juveniles, a tiny hole for the pedicle was present on the ventral valve near the umbo, but this is closed up through development. The dorsal valve was typically concave or flat, though occasionally it was convex; the ventral valve was always convex. The hinge line at the rear of the shell was quite wide and strophic in shape, meaning that it was nearly straight. Many strophomenid shells are wider than long. The interior of the valves have a distinctive pseudopunctate microtexture: deflections in the mineralized shell layers stack up and unfurl into tiny bumps, which are usually supported by
330:
132:
962:
1158:
102:
305:
589:
427:"Effects of mass extinction and recovery dynamics on long-term evolutionary trends: a morphological study of Strophomenida (Brachiopoda) across the Late Ordovician mass extinction"
227:. Some of the largest and heaviest known brachiopod species belong to this class. Strophomenids were among the most diverse and abundant brachiopods during the
329:
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504:"Phylogenetic revision of the Strophomenida, a diverse and ecologically important Palaeozoic brachiopod order"
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131:
582:
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483:; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Kaesler, Roger L.; Selden, Paul (eds.).
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Sclafani, Judith A.; Congreve, Curtis R.; Krug, Andrew Z.; Patzkowsky, Mark E. (2018-08-31).
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491:. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas.
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367:"A Changhsingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from Son La, northwest Vietnam"
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312:
34:
502:
Congreve, Curtis R.; Krug, Andrew Z.; Patzkowsky, Mark E. (2015-06-17).
450:
223:, and was the largest known order of brachiopods, encompassing over 400
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143:
84:
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574:
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852:
771:
763:
717:
240:
118:
113:
strophomenid with encrusting inarticulate brachiopods (the craniid
74:
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49:
39:
101:
860:
320:
267:
248:
89:
64:
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224:
153:
553:
National
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils
424:
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258:(stalk), so in life, they either lay free or cemented the
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886:
873:
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247:. However, they still survived till the end of the
231:, but their diversity was strongly impacted at the
219:period. Strophomenida is part of the extinct class
550:
360:
358:
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355:
1193:
1136:
590:
390:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
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254:Adult strophomenids lack an opening for the
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262:(lower shell) onto a firm substrate at the
1200:
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597:
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273:
100:
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311:Strophomenid brachiopod with encrusting
243:, only to be impacted once again at the
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383:
1211:
557:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
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975:
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489:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
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411:10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012348
364:
235:. Survivors rediversified into new
13:
1234:Early Ordovician first appearances
14:
1260:
1156:
1099:
960:
328:
304:
130:
32:
371:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
233:Late Ordovician mass extinction
495:
418:
386:"The Evolution of Brachiopoda"
1:
1229:Prehistoric brachiopod orders
485:Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised)
365:Shi, G. R.; Shen, Shu-Zhong.
348:
339:from the Upper Ordovician of
245:Late Devonian mass extinction
1244:Prehistoric protostome stubs
1172:. You can help Knowledge by
1115:. You can help Knowledge by
16:Extinct order of brachiopods
7:
384:Carlson, Sandra J. (2016).
211:which lived from the lower
10:
1265:
1151:
1094:
297:
270:rods known as a taleolae.
1239:Carboniferous extinctions
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958:
916:
832:
806:
785:
759:
750:
695:
666:
632:
619:
615:
127:Scientific classification
125:
108:
99:
23:
335:Strophomenid brachiopod
274:Subtaxa (superfamilies)
204:is an extinct order of
1168:-related article is a
549:Thompson, Ida (1982).
1074:Paleobiology Database
520:2015Palgy..58..743C
451:10.1017/pab.2018.24
443:2018Pbio...44..603S
402:2016AREPS..44..409C
752:Rhynchonelliformea
529:10.1111/pala.12177
215:period to the mid
30:Ordovician–Permian
1181:
1180:
1124:
1123:
1107:This prehistoric
1089:
1088:
1061:Open Tree of Life
978:Taxon identifiers
969:
968:
956:
955:
952:
951:
746:
745:
742:
741:
691:
690:
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686:
281:Plectambonitoidea
199:
198:
195:
1256:
1249:Brachiopod stubs
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422:
416:
415:
413:
381:
375:
374:
362:
332:
315:tubeworm (Upper
308:
193:
188:
175:
135:
134:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
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1253:
1209:
1208:
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1023:
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1008:
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998:
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965:
948:
912:
828:
802:
781:
738:
683:
662:
611:
603:
569:
546:
545:
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496:
481:Williams, Alwyn
478:
474:
423:
419:
382:
378:
363:
356:
351:
344:
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324:
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292:Strophomenoidea
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186:
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129:
95:
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72:
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62:
57:
52:
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37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1148:
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1140:
1133:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1104:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1021:
1006:
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988:
982:
981:
967:
966:
959:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
929:Billingsellida
925:
923:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
900:
892:
884:
882:Rhynchonellida
879:
871:
863:
855:
847:
838:
836:
834:Rhynchonellata
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
815:
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658:Siphonotretida
652:
647:
638:
636:
627:
613:
612:
602:
601:
594:
587:
579:
567:
544:
543:
514:(4): 743–758.
494:
472:
437:(4): 603–619.
417:
376:
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38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Strophomenata
1222:
1220:
1219:Strophomenida
1217:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1198:
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1191:
1189:
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1111:article is a
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1080:
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1071:
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1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1016:Strophomenida
1011:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
991:
989:
987:
986:Strophomenida
983:
979:
974:
963:
945:
944:Strophomenida
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
922:
921:Strophomenata
915:
909:
906:
904:
903:Terebratulida
901:
899:
898:Spiriferinida
893:
891:
885:
883:
880:
878:
872:
870:
864:
862:
856:
854:
848:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
831:
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822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
812:
805:
799:
796:
795:
793:
791:
784:
778:
777:Dictyonellida
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
765:
758:
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749:
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721:
719:
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665:
659:
653:
651:
648:
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640:
639:
637:
635:
631:
628:
626:
625:Linguliformea
622:
618:
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568:0-394-52412-8
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508:Palaeontology
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260:ventral valve
257:
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221:Strophomenata
218:
217:Carboniferous
214:
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202:Strophomenida
191:
190:Strophomenida
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177:Strophomenata
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36:
24:Strophomenida
22:
19:
1174:expanding it
1163:
1117:expanding it
1106:
1091:
985:
943:
734:Trimerellida
701:Craniiformea
552:
547:
511:
507:
497:
484:
475:
434:
431:Paleobiology
430:
420:
393:
389:
379:
336:
285:paraphyletic
253:
237:morphologies
201:
200:
189:
114:
18:
1010:Wikispecies
934:Orthotetida
890:Spiriferida
877:Protorthida
869:Pentamerida
798:Kutorginida
790:Kutorginata
726:Craniopsida
645:Acrotretida
396:: 409–438.
209:brachiopods
164:Brachiopoda
1213:Categories
1166:brachiopod
1109:protostome
939:Productida
908:Thecideida
845:Athyridida
824:Obolellida
811:Obolellata
679:Paterinida
671:Paterinata
606:Brachiopod
349:References
317:Ordovician
313:cornulitid
229:Ordovician
213:Ordovician
206:articulate
194:Opik, 1934
111:Ordovician
819:Naukatida
650:Lingulida
634:Lingulata
538:0031-0239
459:0094-8373
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
115:Philhedra
1024:BioLib:
1001:Q1289434
995:Wikidata
853:Atrypida
772:Chileida
764:Chileata
718:Craniida
710:Craniata
467:92364910
337:Leptaena
241:Silurian
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
119:bryozoan
117:) and a
1066:5297855
1040:4334228
861:Orthida
516:Bibcode
439:Bibcode
398:Bibcode
321:Indiana
298:Gallery
268:calcite
256:pedicle
249:Permian
239:in the
183:Order:
170:Class:
1027:602164
609:orders
565:
536:
465:
457:
225:genera
1164:This
1079:27053
1053:11403
1048:IRMNG
463:S2CID
319:, SE
1170:stub
1113:stub
563:ISBN
534:ISSN
455:ISSN
341:Iowa
264:umbo
35:PreꞒ
1035:EoL
559:648
524:doi
447:doi
406:doi
109:An
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369:.
357:^
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287:?)
251:.
121:.
85:Pg
1201:e
1194:t
1187:v
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1130:v
1119:.
918:†
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591:t
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343:.
290:†
283:(
279:†
187:†
174:†
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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