282:
2444:
The first extant
Arakanese inscriptions, the Launggrak Taung Maw inscription and the Mahathi Crocodile Rock inscription (1356), date to the 1300s, and the epigraphic record of Arakanese inscriptions is unevenly distributed between the 1400s to 1800s. In the early 1400s, Arakanese inscriptions began
2605:
1560:
While
Arakanese shares the same set of vowels as Burmese, Arakanese rhymes also diverge from Standard Burmese for a number of open syllables and closed syllables. For instance, Arakanese has also merged various vowel sounds, such as
418:
While
Arakanese and Standard Burmese share the majority of lexicon, Arakanese has numerous vocabulary differences. Some are native words with no cognates in Standard Burmese, like 'sarong' (
1384:
in
Arakanese. Moreover, there is less voicing in Arakanese than in Standard Burmese, occurring only when the consonant is unaspirated. Unlike in Burmese, voicing never shifts from to .
394:
a language from a dialect, scholars and other interested parties often disagree about the linguistic, historical and social status of
Arakanese. There are three dialects of Arakanese:
386:
Though
Arakanese has some similarity with standard Burmese, Burmese speakers find it difficult to communicate with Arakanese speakers. Thus, it is often considered to be a dialect or
1573:, pronounced () in standard Burmese, is pronounced in Arakanese. Similarly, Arakanese has a number of closed syllable rhymes that do not exist in Standard Burmese, including
486:, as in Standard Burmese). A more unique difference is the 'Hra' sound which is not found in Burmese: only in Arakanese. eg. ဟြာ(Hra/Seek) and Hraa(ဟြား/very good/smart).
4287:
2449:), to rounder letters that is now standard for the Burmese script. This coincided with developments in Arakanese literature, which was stimulated by the rise of
2571:
4229:
2482:) to describe a script that predates the usage of written Burmese, there is no contemporary lithic evidence to support the existence of such a script.
474:
in
Standard Burmese). Moreover, some archaic words in Standard Burmese are preferred in Arakanese. An example is the first person pronoun, which is
2835:
4304:
2456:
What is now
Rakhine State is home to Sanskrit inscriptions that date from the first millennium to the 1000s. These inscriptions were written in
4503:
2625:
4157:
2441:. Rakhine speakers are taught Rakhine pronunciations using written Burmese, while most Marma speakers are only literate in Bengali.
1322:
1259:
2752:
2828:
1333:
4560:
1304:
1235:
1344:
Arakanese largely shares the same set of consonant phonemes as standard
Burmese, though Arakanese more prominently uses
4496:
5492:
4440:
1183:
1069:
2821:
1474:
848:
2689:"Consonant correspondences of Burmese, Rakhine and Marma with initial implications for historical relationships"
4150:
3752:
1512:
5487:
4489:
4265:
1030:
4702:
4588:
4270:
3255:
1488:
1176:
2211:
2206:
2160:
2155:
2126:
2121:
2105:
2100:
2077:
2072:
2049:
2044:
2021:
2016:
1994:
1966:
1961:
1937:
1932:
1916:
1911:
1895:
1890:
1861:
1856:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1810:
1799:
1783:
1778:
1762:
1741:
1729:
1713:
1708:
1675:
1646:
1641:
1581:
1574:
1552:
1547:
1499:
1494:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
455:
5497:
4626:
4465:
3488:
2469:
1519:
1447:
1288:
1192:
5482:
3673:
2950:
1539:
1297:
1169:
1060:
1053:
4143:
3367:
1147:
5314:
4430:
1456:
977:
970:
337:
4395:
5359:
5165:
4954:
4422:
1076:
1021:
1014:
986:
356:
162:
5208:
4798:
4375:
4124:
2893:
2888:
2844:
2534:
2473:
1092:
884:
167:
157:
4872:
5461:
5281:
5271:
5066:
3100:
993:
938:
931:
387:
3182:
1878:'cancel' are pronounced and respectively in Standard Burmese, but merged to in Arakanese
5112:
4947:
4942:
4775:
4512:
3934:
2790:
1037:
947:
89:
379:
peoples; it is estimated to have around one million native speakers and it is spoken as a
8:
5413:
5132:
4937:
4932:
4725:
4639:
4579:
4435:
4382:
4211:
4206:
4058:
3628:
3275:
1210:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1099:
924:
847:
The phonological system described here is the inventory of sounds, represented using the
391:
93:
5336:
5024:
4927:
4882:
4322:
4314:
4277:
3516:
2852:
2777:
2619:
2472:. However, these inscriptions are not ancestral to Arakanese epigraphy, which uses the
2461:
954:
879:
870:
85:
81:
272:
5436:
5304:
5142:
5034:
4750:
4682:
4259:
4108:
3957:
3664:
3561:
3448:
3378:
3232:
3212:
3187:
2937:
2908:
2748:
1481:
1222:
899:
889:
172:
3280:
2723:, Etudes thématiques, vol. 30, Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, pp. 73–85
5431:
5423:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5385:
5364:
5294:
5266:
5256:
5251:
5193:
5183:
5076:
4909:
4877:
4831:
4755:
4740:
4664:
4526:
4407:
4292:
4282:
4235:
4190:
4166:
4084:
4074:
4026:
3989:
3919:
3812:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3498:
3483:
3468:
3247:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3172:
3152:
3139:
3090:
3029:
2923:
2457:
875:
634:
494:
A gloss of vocabulary differences between
Standard Burmese and Arakanese is below:
435:
431:
368:
347:
329:
302:
177:
97:
44:
5289:
5441:
5354:
5127:
5096:
5081:
5071:
5014:
4867:
4846:
4821:
4811:
4806:
4730:
4687:
4611:
4547:
4531:
4460:
4412:
4297:
3979:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3853:
3833:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3556:
3551:
3478:
3438:
3417:
3197:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3095:
3044:
3034:
3014:
2988:
2983:
2918:
2913:
2898:
1468:
918:
894:
380:
149:
139:
4735:
2716:
1352:
in standard Burmese (with some exceptions). Because Arakanese has preserved the
5398:
5349:
5322:
5241:
5188:
5178:
5173:
5086:
5049:
5019:
4904:
4851:
4826:
4745:
4720:
4715:
4692:
4672:
4649:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4334:
4225:
4185:
3994:
3984:
3914:
3894:
3889:
3858:
3817:
3723:
3718:
3697:
3692:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3604:
3531:
3526:
3321:
3295:
3265:
3237:
3222:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3064:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3019:
2963:
2883:
2867:
2434:
1506:
643:
403:
372:
226:
219:
205:
116:
2512:
2498:
1580:
The Arakanese dialect also has a higher frequency of open vowels weakening to
5476:
5299:
5261:
5246:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5137:
5122:
5117:
5058:
5001:
4964:
4841:
4836:
4816:
4710:
4677:
4654:
4644:
4634:
4470:
4368:
4216:
4031:
4010:
3929:
3924:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3776:
3771:
3738:
3728:
3713:
3650:
3640:
3614:
3609:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3463:
3433:
3412:
3396:
3386:
3353:
3311:
3290:
3285:
3270:
3260:
3162:
3147:
3120:
3085:
3080:
3059:
3024:
3009:
2993:
2978:
2903:
2438:
1417:
1360:
medial (which is preserved in writing in Standard Burmese with the diacritic
364:
286:
75:
2422:
Mother says "Give me eight pasos for wearing during the Thingyan festival."
5091:
5039:
5029:
4991:
4789:
4616:
4328:
3939:
3797:
3473:
3391:
3337:
3316:
3125:
2465:
1083:
442:, not found in Standard Burmese. An example is 'hospital', which is called
399:
376:
281:
124:
2772:
Houghton, Bernard (1897). "The Arakanese Dialect of the Burman Language".
2477:
2445:
to transition from the square letters associated with stone inscriptions (
255:
248:
5344:
5198:
4919:
4896:
4240:
4180:
3733:
2813:
1441:
1427:
1412:
1400:
1275:
2781:
1366:) is still distinguished in the following Arakanese consonant clusters:
5231:
5156:
4570:
4481:
2688:
2517:
2503:
1531:
1433:
1422:
59:
4983:
2774:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1599:
1405:
1132:
265:
239:
2717:"The Epigraphic Archive of Arakan/Rakhine State (Myanmar): A Survey"
1979:
In some words, the rhyme is unchanged from the standard rhyme (e.g.
4340:
4135:
4347:
2450:
1611:
1003:
630:
462:. Other words simply have different meanings (e.g., 'afternoon',
407:
360:
103:
55:
4972:
4354:
2776:. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 453–461.
2715:
Minn Htin, Kyaw; Leider, Jacques (2018), Perret, Daniel (ed.),
2611:
780:('pitch dark') is used in both Standard Burmese and Arakanese.
749:
395:
120:
552:
Arakanese for 'go' was historically used in Standard Burmese.
2721:
Writing for Eternity: A Survey of Epigraphy in Southeast Asia
1607:
1603:
1584:
than Standard Burmese. An example is the word for 'salary', (
439:
63:
2476:. While some Arakanese have coined the term "Rakkhawunna" (
317:
308:
4361:
2668:
1610:
differences from Standard Burmese found in the Arakanese
836:('wash') is used in both Standard Burmese and Arakanese.
808:('pick') is used in both Standard Burmese and Arakanese.
2137:'to want' is in Standard Burmese, but ~ in Arakanese)
1567:() to ဣ (). Hence, a word like 'blood', which is spelt
672:
Standard Burmese for 'papaya' literally means 'boat'.
629:
Standard Burmese for 'guava' is derived from the word
2632:
1590:), which is in standard Burmese, but in Arakanese.
320:
314:
2088:'snake' is in Standard Burmese, but in Arakanese)
2060:'bamboo' is in Standard Burmese, but in Arakanese
2032:'tender' is in Standard Burmese, but in Arakanese
1593:
305:
311:
2644:
1993:There are few exceptions where the nasal rhyme is
2552:
390:of Burmese. As there are no universally accepted
5474:
2656:
1977:'red' is in Standard Burmese, but in Arakanese
2714:
694:From Portuguese "sabão". In Standard Burmese, '
2603:
4497:
4151:
2829:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2221:
2199:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2114:
2093:
2083:
2065:
2055:
2037:
2027:
2009:
1998:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1954:
1947:
1925:
1904:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1849:
1839:
1817:
1804:
1792:
1771:
1755:
1745:
1733:
1726:Irregular rhyme, with various pronunciations.
1719:
1701:
1684:
1668:
1658:
1652:
1634:
1585:
1568:
1562:
1371:
1361:
831:
823:
816:
803:
795:
788:
775:
767:
760:
743:
736:
729:
715:
708:
695:
687:
680:
665:
658:
637:
622:
615:
602:
596:
588:
581:
567:
560:
545:
538:
524:
517:
481:
475:
469:
463:
449:
443:
425:
419:
341:
4504:
4490:
4158:
4144:
2843:
2836:
2822:
2624:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
1750:'to oppress', from Standard Burmese → ).
1663:'plant' are both pronounced in Arakanese
430:in Arakanese). Others are loan words from
280:
4511:
2771:
2745:Vaishali and the Indianization of Arakan
2674:
1479:
1404:
1399:
1397:
748:in Standard Burmese refers to the men's
633:, whereas Arakanese for 'guava' is from
2590:
16:Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar
5475:
2742:
2003:'thread', from Standard Burmese → ).
1985:'land', usually pronounced , not , or
1370:. For example, the word "blue," spelt
4485:
4139:
2817:
2798:Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics
2788:
2738:
2736:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2686:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2558:
867:
346:
43:
4165:
1997:even without a nasal initial (e.g.
1724:'garden', from Standard Burmese → .
1380:in standard Burmese, but pronounced
1991:'mother', usually pronounced , not
1738:'soul', from Standard Burmese → ).
1368:/ɡɹ-kɹ-kʰɹ-ŋɹ-pɹ-pʰɹ-bɹ-mɹ-m̥ɹ-hɹ-/
448:in Standard Burmese, but is called
13:
2733:
2699:
2492:
252: – Rakhine ("Arakanese")
14:
5509:
2809:
2428:
1594:Differences from standard Burmese
1538:
1518:
1511:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1455:
1446:
1332:
1321:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1258:
1234:
1209:
1191:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1146:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1098:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1052:
1036:
1029:
1020:
1013:
992:
985:
976:
969:
953:
946:
937:
930:
859:The consonants of Arakanese are:
4441:BGN/PCGN romanization of Burmese
2610:(in Burmese). Burma – via
2165:e.g. The present tense particle
1834:A few exceptions are pronounced
700:' means 'rebel' or 'insurgent'.
402:(about two thirds of speakers),
371:, the language is spoken by the
301:
2765:
2680:
2433:Arakanese is written using the
849:International Phonetic Alphabet
2693:The University of North Dakota
2564:
2527:
2468:), which are ancestral to the
1598:The following is a summary of
1348:, which has largely merged to
259: – Marma ("Burmese")
1:
2485:
1392:The vowels of Arakanese are:
854:
489:
458:) in Arakanese, from English
413:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
842:
7:
4466:Myanmar Language Commission
2478:
2082:Occurs in some words (e.g.
392:criteria for distinguishing
359:language spoken in western
342:
10:
5514:
2131:Occasionally occurs (e.g.
142:speakers in Myanmar (2013)
136:1 million (2011–2013)
5454:
5422:
5384:
5377:
5335:
5313:
5280:
5207:
5164:
5155:
5105:
5057:
5048:
5000:
4982:
4963:
4918:
4895:
4860:
4797:
4788:
4768:
4701:
4663:
4625:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4556:
4540:
4519:
4453:
4421:
4403:
4394:
4313:
4249:
4199:
4173:
4117:
4101:
4067:
4051:
4044:
4019:
4003:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3907:
3882:
3826:
3785:
3764:
3751:
3706:
3685:
3672:
3663:
3627:
3497:
3456:
3447:
3426:
3405:
3377:
3366:
3346:
3330:
3304:
3246:
3138:
3073:
3002:
2971:
2962:
2949:
2936:
2876:
2860:
2851:
2421:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2222:
2216:Found in some words only
2200:
2188:
2182:
2180:e.g. The plural particle
2173:
2167:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2115:
2094:
2084:
2066:
2056:
2038:
2028:
2010:
1999:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1955:
1948:
1926:
1905:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1850:
1840:
1818:
1805:
1793:
1782:
1772:
1756:
1746:
1734:
1720:
1712:
1702:
1685:
1669:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1635:
1586:
1569:
1563:
1387:
1372:
1362:
1274:
1221:
1190:
1131:
1002:
917:
898:
893:
883:
874:
869:
832:
824:
817:
804:
796:
789:
776:
768:
761:
744:
737:
730:
716:
709:
696:
688:
681:
666:
659:
623:
616:
603:
597:
589:
582:
568:
561:
546:
539:
525:
518:
508:
505:
502:
499:
482:
476:
470:
464:
450:
444:
426:
420:
333:
279:
263:
237:
232:
216:
199:
146:
130:
112:
69:
51:
36:
31:
26:
21:
4431:MLC Transcription System
2791:"Three Burmese Dialects"
2743:Singer, Noel F. (2008).
2458:Northern Brahmic scripts
5493:Languages of Bangladesh
2687:Davis, Heidi A (2014).
2607:ရခိုင်ဘာသာစကားလမ်းညွှန်
2604:အသျှင်စက္ကိန္ဒ (1994).
2572:"ရခိုင်စကားနဲ့ ဗမာစကား"
2535:"The Arakanese dialect"
2523:(subscription required)
2509:(subscription required)
647:
3793:Sani (Southeastern Yi)
2845:Lolo-Burmese languages
2437:, which descends from
1740:In a few words, it is
638:
383:by a further million.
5462:Burmese sign language
5272:Southwestern Mandarin
4541:Semiofficial language
4266:Numerical classifiers
2499:Rakhine ("Arakanese")
1844:'clear', pronounced
1728:In some words, it is
424:in Standard Burmese,
367:. Closely related to
348:[ɹəkʰàɪɴbàθà]
45:[ɹəkʰàɪɴbàθà]
5488:Languages of Myanmar
4557:Indigenous languages
4513:Languages of Myanmar
4271:Units of measurement
3753:Southeastern Loloish
2789:Okell, John (1995).
2186:() corresponds with
2171:() corresponds with
601:to Standard Burmese
289:shown within Myanmar
4436:ALA-LC romanization
3756:(Southeastern Ngwi)
3693:Nuosu (Northern Yi)
3590:Lolopo (Central Yi)
2453:during the 1400s.
2355:Arakanese (written)
864:
863:Consonant phonemes
363:, primarily in the
5498:Languages of India
5386:Immigrant language
4520:Official languages
3772:Nisu (Southern Yi)
2747:. APH Publishing.
2677:, pp. 453–61.
2474:Mon–Burmese script
862:
830:The compound word
802:The compound word
774:The compound word
595:Arakanese prefers
480:in Arakanese (not
5483:Burmish languages
5470:
5469:
5450:
5449:
5373:
5372:
5331:
5330:
5151:
5150:
4891:
4890:
4784:
4783:
4764:
4763:
4479:
4478:
4449:
4448:
4133:
4132:
4118:(Proto-languages)
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4040:
4039:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3903:
3902:
3747:
3746:
3714:Nasu (Eastern Yi)
3698:Nyisu (Yellow Yi)
3623:
3622:
3570:
3569:
3464:Lalo (Western Yi)
3362:
3361:
3134:
3133:
2932:
2931:
2754:978-81-313-0405-1
2521:(18th ed., 2015)
2513:Marma ("Burmese")
2507:(18th ed., 2015)
2426:
2425:
2306:ðədʒàɴ pwɛ́ dwɪ̀ɴ
2237:
2236:
1558:
1557:
1342:
1341:
1316:
1282:
1253:
1229:
1202:
1163:
1139:
1095:
1049:
1010:
966:
927:
913:
908:
840:
839:
503:Standard Burmese
468:in Arakanese and
351:), also known as
294:
293:
5505:
5424:Working language
5382:
5381:
5162:
5161:
5055:
5054:
4795:
4794:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4483:
4482:
4401:
4400:
4323:Royal chronicles
4222:Rakhine language
4167:Burmese language
4160:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4068:Nuclear Southern
4049:
4048:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3762:
3761:
3683:
3682:
3674:Northern Loloish
3670:
3669:
3454:
3453:
3375:
3374:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2951:Southern Loloish
2947:
2946:
2877:Nuclear Mondzish
2858:
2857:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2795:
2785:
2759:
2758:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2712:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2641:, p. 4, 14.
2636:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2510:
2496:
2481:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2334:θɔ́ɴkràɴ pwé hmà
2299:Standard Burmese
2293:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2239:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:Nasal initial +
2002:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:Nasal initial +
1951:
1950:
1946:Nasal initial +
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1623:Standard Burmese
1617:
1616:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1522:
1515:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1459:
1450:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1379:
1376:, is pronounced
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1325:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1280:
1262:
1251:
1238:
1227:
1213:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1137:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1008:
996:
989:
980:
973:
964:
957:
950:
941:
934:
923:
911:
906:
865:
861:
835:
834:
827:
826:
820:
819:
807:
806:
799:
798:
792:
791:
779:
778:
771:
770:
764:
763:
747:
746:
740:
739:
733:
732:
719:
718:
712:
711:
699:
698:
691:
690:
684:
683:
669:
668:
662:
661:
641:
626:
625:
619:
618:
606:
605:
600:
599:
592:
591:
585:
584:
571:
570:
564:
563:
549:
548:
542:
541:
528:
527:
521:
520:
497:
496:
485:
484:
479:
478:
473:
472:
467:
466:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
429:
428:
423:
422:
350:
345:
335:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
284:
275:
258:
251:
242:
222:
152:
47:
42:
19:
18:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5446:
5418:
5369:
5327:
5309:
5276:
5203:
5147:
5101:
5044:
4996:
4978:
4959:
4914:
4887:
4856:
4780:
4760:
4697:
4659:
4621:
4561:state or region
4558:
4552:
4536:
4515:
4510:
4480:
4475:
4461:Burmese English
4445:
4417:
4390:
4309:
4251:
4245:
4195:
4169:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4113:
4089:
4063:
4036:
4015:
3999:
3944:
3899:
3878:
3822:
3781:
3757:
3755:
3743:
3702:
3678:
3677:(Northern Ngwi)
3676:
3659:
3619:
3566:
3493:
3443:
3422:
3401:
3370:
3368:Central Loloish
3358:
3342:
3326:
3300:
3242:
3130:
3069:
2998:
2955:
2954:(Southern Ngwi)
2953:
2942:
2940:
2928:
2872:
2847:
2842:
2812:
2793:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2700:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2617:
2616:
2602:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2511:
2508:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2439:Southern Brahmi
2431:
2256:သင်္ကြန်ပွဲတွင်
2193:
2192:() in Arakanese
2178:
2177:() in Arakanese
1992:
1978:
1952:
1739:
1727:
1725:
1620:Written Burmese
1596:
1390:
888:
857:
845:
607:for 'stomach'.
492:
416:
381:second language
343:ra.hkuing bhasa
304:
300:
290:
271:
254:
253:
247:
246:
238:
223:
218:
195:
153:
150:Language family
148:
140:second language
137:
133:
132:Native speakers
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5511:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5455:Sign languages
5452:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5379:
5378:Non-Indigenous
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4396:Writing system
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4335:Burmese poetry
4332:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4263:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4191:Modern Burmese
4188:
4186:Middle Burmese
4183:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4027:Lhao Vo (Maru)
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3883:Riverine Phula
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3827:Highland Phula
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:(Central Ngwi)
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2811:
2810:External links
2808:
2807:
2806:
2786:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2732:
2698:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2589:
2578:. 1 April 2011
2563:
2551:
2526:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2470:Bengali script
2435:Burmese script
2430:
2429:Writing system
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2368:သင်္ကြန်ပွဲမှာ
2364:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1657:'genuine' and
1649:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1595:
1592:
1575:/-ɛɴ-ɔɴ-ɛʔ-ɔʔ/
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
990:
983:
981:
974:
967:
961:
960:
958:
951:
944:
942:
935:
928:
921:
915:
914:
909:
903:
902:
897:
892:
882:
873:
868:
856:
853:
844:
841:
838:
837:
828:
821:
814:
810:
809:
800:
793:
786:
782:
781:
772:
765:
758:
754:
753:
741:
734:
727:
723:
722:
720:
713:
706:
702:
701:
692:
685:
678:
674:
673:
670:
663:
656:
652:
651:
627:
620:
613:
609:
608:
593:
586:
579:
575:
574:
572:
565:
558:
554:
553:
550:
543:
536:
532:
531:
529:
522:
515:
511:
510:
507:
504:
501:
491:
488:
415:
412:
292:
291:
285:
277:
276:
269:
261:
260:
243:
235:
234:
233:Language codes
230:
229:
227:Burmese script
224:
220:Writing system
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
208:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
156:
154:
147:
144:
143:
134:
131:
128:
127:
114:
110:
109:
108:
107:
101:
79:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:Native to
49:
48:
38:
34:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5510:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5166:Austroasiatic
5163:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4472:
4471:Burmese names
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4298:Kinship terms
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Postpositions
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4126:
4125:Proto-Loloish
4123:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:High Northern
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2675:Houghton 1897
2671:
2664:
2659:
2653:, p. 14.
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2006:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1717:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1650:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1578:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
988:
984:
982:
979:
975:
972:
968:
963:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
943:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
920:
916:
910:
905:
904:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
877:
872:
866:
860:
852:
850:
829:
822:
815:
812:
811:
801:
794:
787:
785:pick a flower
784:
783:
773:
766:
759:
756:
755:
751:
742:
735:
728:
725:
724:
721:
714:
707:
704:
703:
693:
686:
679:
676:
675:
671:
664:
657:
654:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
614:
611:
610:
594:
587:
580:
577:
576:
573:
569:ဘောလုံးကျောက်
566:
559:
556:
555:
551:
544:
537:
534:
533:
530:
523:
516:
513:
512:
498:
495:
487:
461:
441:
437:
433:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:Rakhine State
362:
358:
357:Tibeto-Burman
354:
349:
344:
339:
331:
325:
298:
288:
287:Rakhine State
283:
278:
274:
270:
268:
267:
262:
257:
250:
244:
241:
236:
231:
228:
225:
221:
215:
209:
207:
204:
203:
202:
198:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:Tibeto-Burman
161:
160:
159:
155:
151:
145:
141:
135:
129:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
76:Rakhine State
74:
73:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
39:
37:Pronunciation
35:
30:
25:
20:
5209:Sino-Tibetan
5067:Khiamniungan
5009:
4799:Sino-Tibetan
4454:Other topics
4423:Romanization
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4327:
4258:
4250:Grammar and
4221:
4079:
4020:Mid Northern
2801:
2797:
2773:
2766:Bibliography
2744:
2725:, retrieved
2720:
2692:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2606:
2580:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2561:, p. 3.
2554:
2543:. Retrieved
2541:. 2007-07-02
2538:
2529:
2516:
2502:
2494:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2432:
2417:
2410:
2354:
2326:
2298:
2242:
2201:ရှ- ယှ- ယျှ-
2179:
1872:'carry' and
1597:
1579:
1559:
1401:Monophthongs
1391:
1343:
858:
846:
578:stomach ache
493:
459:
454:(pronounced
417:
385:
352:
296:
295:
264:
182:
168:Lolo-Burmese
158:Sino-Tibetan
100:(Bangladesh)
32:ရက္ခိုင်ဘာသာ
5337:Tanintharyi
5113:Akyaung Ari
4955:S’gaw Karen
4776:Anu-Hkongso
4181:Old Burmese
3758:(Axi-Puoid)
2576:BBC Burmese
2479:Rakkhavaṇṇa
1600:consonantal
1356:sound, the
1276:Approximant
777:မှောင်မိုက်
705:superficial
557:kick a ball
90:Khagrachari
5477:Categories
5414:Vietnamese
5323:Hmong Njua
5315:Hmong–Mien
5232:Geko Karen
5133:Long Phuri
4975:(Taungtha)
4933:Geba Karen
4640:Hakha Chin
4329:Dhammathat
4315:Literature
4278:Honorifics
4252:vocabulary
4059:Intha-Danu
4052:Intha-Danu
2727:2022-08-07
2663:Okell 1995
2651:Okell 1995
2639:Okell 1995
2582:16 October
2559:Okell 1995
2545:2023-04-01
2539:Fifty Viss
2518:Ethnologue
2504:Ethnologue
2486:References
2318:pé laɪʔ pà
2284:ပေးလိုက်ပါ
1825:/-i,-e,-ɛ/
1406:Diphthongs
855:Consonants
833:လျှော်ဖွပ်
752:(sarong).
717:အထက်ပေါ်ရီ
660:သင်္ဘောသီး
562:ဘောလုံးကန်
506:Arakanese
490:Comparison
460:sick lines
451:သိပ်လှိုင်
414:Vocabulary
334:ရခိုင်ဘာသာ
138:1 million
94:Patuakhali
60:Bangladesh
5025:Mro-Khimi
4928:Bwe Karen
4883:Tai Laing
4580:Kuki-Chin
4260:Phonology
4217:Merguiese
3786:Sani–Azha
3629:Kazhuoish
2956:(Hanoish)
2620:cite book
2346:pí laʔ pà
2327:Arakanese
2011:-ု -ူ -ူး
1626:Arakanese
1469:Close-mid
1436:offglide
1430:offglide
1315:voiceless
1252:voiceless
1201:aspirated
1162:voiceless
1133:Fricative
1093:aspirated
965:voiceless
843:Phonology
483:ကျွန်တော်
353:Arakanese
266:Glottolog
240:ISO 639-3
113:Ethnicity
86:Bandarban
82:Rangamati
78:(Myanmar)
27:Arakanese
5437:Japanese
5305:Tai Nuea
5143:Tangkhul
5035:Rohingya
4751:Thaiphum
4703:Southern
4683:Senthang
4589:Northern
4408:Alphabet
4376:Thanbauk
4341:Ainggyin
4293:Pronouns
4283:Numerals
4230:Sandoway
4200:Dialects
4109:Pai-lang
4102:Pai-lang
4045:Southern
3966:Northern
3679:(Nisoid)
3562:Gomotage
3233:Khongsat
3213:Phongset
3188:Sangkong
2909:Muangphe
2853:Mondzish
2782:25207880
2460:(namely
2396:ပီးလတ်ပါ
2343:ʃaɪʔ tʰè
2337:waʔ pʰo̰
2331:ʔəmì ɡa̰
2321:sʰò dɛ̀
2315:ʃɪʔ tʰɛ̀
2303:ʔəmè ɡa̰
1891:/-aʔ-ʊʔ/
1800:/-aɴ-ʊɴ/
1507:Open-mid
912:sibilant
885:Post-al.
880:Alveolar
871:Bilabial
797:ပန်းဆွတ်
624:ဂိုယံသီး
617:မာလကာသီး
500:English
273:arak1255
200:Dialects
5432:English
5409:Russian
5404:Punjabi
5394:Burmese
5365:Tavoyan
5295:Tai Lue
5282:Kra–Dai
5267:Taungyo
5257:Padaung
5194:Tai Loi
5184:Palaung
5077:Leinong
5050:Sagaing
5010:Rakhine
5002:Rakhine
4948:Western
4943:Eastern
4910:Karenni
4878:Palaung
4832:Lhao Vo
4756:Welaung
4741:Songlai
4627:Central
4548:English
4532:English
4527:Burmese
4413:Braille
4236:Tavoyan
4085:Tavoyan
4080:Rakhine
4075:Burmese
3990:Chashan
3958:Burmish
3813:Alingpo
3665:Nisoish
3547:Laizisi
3542:Kuamasi
3537:Kua-nsi
3484:Xuzhang
3469:Yangliu
3449:Lisoish
3427:Nusoish
3406:Lahoish
3379:Lawoish
3228:Bantang
3218:Phunyot
3208:Phongku
3203:Laoseng
3193:Tsukong
3173:Sinsali
3153:Laomian
3091:Baihong
3030:Luomian
2938:Loloish
2924:Mongphu
2462:Siddham
2451:Mrauk U
2447:kyauksa
2418:English
2403:ဆိုရယ်။
2389:ရှစ်ထည်
2375:ဝတ်ဖို့
2349:sʰò ɹì
2312:tʰəmèɪɴ
2309:wʊʔ jàɴ
2291:ဆိုသည်။
2277:ရှစ်ထည်
2243:Written
1995:/-eɪɴ-/
1885:-တ် ွတ်
1838:, like
1794:-န် ွန်
1612:dialect
1418:Central
1223:Lateral
1004:Plosive
907:central
900:Glottal
890:Palatal
851:(IPA).
805:ဆွတ်ခူး
790:ပန်းခူး
726:blanket
710:အပေါ်ယံ
667:ပဒကာသီး
648:guayaba
642:, from
639:guayaba
635:Spanish
631:Malacca
583:ဗိုက်နာ
514:thirsty
436:English
432:Bengali
421:လုံခြည်
408:Thandwe
388:variety
373:Rakhine
369:Burmese
361:Myanmar
355:, is a
330:Burmese
297:Rakhine
245:Either:
183:Rakhine
178:Burmese
173:Burmish
117:Rakhine
106:(India)
104:Tripura
98:Barguna
56:Myanmar
22:Rakhine
5442:Korean
5355:Moklen
5128:Makury
5097:Tangsa
5082:Makyam
5072:Konyak
5015:Chakma
4973:Rungtu
4965:Magway
4868:Khamti
4847:Rawang
4822:Jingpo
4807:Achang
4790:Kachin
4731:Nga La
4688:Zotung
4665:Maraic
4612:Thadou
4355:Mawgun
4226:Ramree
4174:Stages
3980:Achang
3908:others
3874:Zokhuo
3869:Thopho
3864:Phukha
3854:Laghuu
3834:Khlula
3707:Nasoid
3686:Nosoid
3600:Hlersu
3580:Toloza
3557:Sonaga
3552:Zibusi
3517:Lang'e
3499:Taloid
3479:Mangdi
3457:Laloid
3439:Zauzou
3418:Kucong
3276:Phana’
3248:Siloid
3198:Laopan
3178:Cantan
3168:Phunoi
3158:Laopin
3140:Bisoid
3096:Bukong
3045:Guozuo
3035:Angluo
3015:Nuomei
2989:Muteun
2984:Chepya
2964:Hanoid
2943:(Ngwi)
2919:Motang
2914:Mauphu
2899:Mantsi
2780:
2751:
2612:Scribd
2263:ဝတ်ရန်
2156:/t-d-/
2122:/tɕʰ-/
2078:/-ɹw-/
2022:/-oʊɴ/
1967:/-eɪɴ/
1933:/-oʊɴ/
1912:/-eɪɴ/
1836:/-aɪɴ/
1811:/-wɔɴ/
1763:/-aɪɴ/
1744:(e.g.
1742:/-i-e/
1735:ဝိညာဉ်
1732:(e.g.
1721:ဥယျာဉ်
1714:/-aɪɴ/
1676:/-aɪʔ/
1647:/-aɪʔ/
1629:Notes
1388:Vowels
1281:voiced
1228:voiced
1138:voiced
1009:voiced
925:voiced
876:Dental
818:လျှော်
762:မှောင်
750:longyi
745:ပုဆိုး
738:ပုဆိုး
697:သူပုန်
689:သူပုန်
682:ဆပ်ပြာ
655:papaya
590:ဝမ်းနာ
526:ရီမွတ်
509:Notes
477:အကျွန်
445:ဆေးရုံ
438:, and
406:, and
404:Ramree
396:Sittwe
206:Ramree
121:Kamein
70:Region
5399:Hindi
5360:S’gaw
5350:Moken
5345:Malay
5242:Lahta
5237:Intha
5189:Riang
5179:Danau
5174:Blang
5106:Other
5087:Ponyo
5020:Laitu
4920:Kayin
4905:Kayaw
4897:Kayah
4861:Other
4852:Zaiwa
4827:Lashi
4812:Drung
4769:Other
4746:Sumtu
4726:Kʼchò
4721:Khumi
4716:Kaang
4693:Zyphe
4673:Lautu
4650:Ngawn
4607:Tedim
4602:Siyin
4597:Falam
4383:Yagan
4348:Égyin
4305:Verbs
4212:Intha
3995:Zaiwa
3985:Lashi
3915:Pholo
3895:Phupa
3890:Phola
3859:Phowa
3818:Samei
3724:Luoji
3719:Chesu
3656:Meuma
3646:Sanie
3636:Katso
3605:Micha
3532:Naruo
3527:Popei
3322:Kaduo
3305:Bi-Ka
3296:Gokhy
3281:Wanyä
3266:Cosao
3238:Habei
3223:Cauho
3183:Cốông
3116:Duota
3111:Duoni
3106:Suobi
3074:Haoni
3065:Kabie
3055:Yiche
3050:Gehuo
3040:Guohe
3020:Nuobi
2894:Mango
2889:Manga
2884:Maang
2868:Kathu
2861:Kathu
2794:(PDF)
2778:JSTOR
2466:Gaudi
2411:Gloss
2340:dəjɔ̀
2223:-ယ် ဲ
2106:/hɹ-/
2073:/-w-/
2054:e.g.
2050:/-ɔ́/
2045:/-wá/
2026:e.g.
1971:e.g.
1938:/-ʊɴ/
1917:/-ɪɴ/
1896:/-aʔ/
1866:e.g.
1784:/-ɔɴ/
1779:/-ɪɴ/
1747:ညှဉ်း
1730:/-ɛɴ/
1718:e.g.
1709:/-ɪɴ/
1660:စိုက်
1651:e.g.
1642:/-ɪʔ/
1608:rhyme
1604:vowel
1442:Close
1428:Front
1413:Front
1382:/pɹà/
1378:/pjà/
1358:/-ɹ-/
1048:plain
919:Nasal
895:Velar
813:wash
769:မိုက်
731:စောင်
644:Taino
612:guava
604:ဗိုက်
440:Hindi
400:Marma
377:Marma
338:MLCTS
210:Marma
125:Marma
64:India
5300:Shan
5290:Khün
5262:Pyen
5252:Pa’o
5247:Lahu
5227:Danu
5222:Akha
5217:Akeu
5157:Shan
5138:Para
5123:Koki
5118:Anal
4873:Nùng
4842:Nusu
4837:Lisu
4817:Hpon
4711:Daai
4678:Mara
4655:Tawr
4645:Mizo
4635:Bawm
4571:Chin
4559:(by
4369:Yadu
4207:Danu
4032:Pela
4011:Hpon
4004:Hpon
3930:Xiqi
3925:Long
3920:Ache
3849:Moji
3844:Muzi
3839:Muji
3808:Azha
3803:Azhe
3777:Lope
3765:Nisu
3739:Aluo
3729:Gepo
3651:Sadu
3641:Samu
3615:Limi
3610:Lamu
3595:Mili
3585:Lipo
3575:Lisu
3522:Tagu
3512:Lavu
3507:Talu
3434:Nusu
3413:Lahu
3397:Lewu
3387:Lawu
3354:Jino
3347:Jino
3312:Piyo
3291:Luma
3286:Akeu
3271:Paza
3261:Khir
3256:Sila
3163:Pyen
3148:Bisu
3121:Asuo
3101:Budu
3086:Woni
3081:Honi
3060:Qidi
3025:Lami
3010:Hani
3003:Hani
2994:Muda
2979:Akha
2972:Akha
2941:(Yi)
2904:Maza
2749:ISBN
2626:link
2584:2013
2382:ဒယော
2361:အမိက
2249:အမေက
2212:/h-/
2207:/ʃ-/
2189:ရို့
2183:တို့
2161:/ɹ-/
2134:ချင်
2127:/ʃ-/
2101:/ʃ-/
2085:မြွေ
2017:/-u/
1962:/-i/
1927:-ုန်
1862:/-i/
1857:/-e/
1841:ကြည်
1830:/-e/
1757:ိုင်
1670:ိုက်
1606:and
1570:သွေး
1532:Open
1434:Back
1423:Back
825:ဖွပ်
757:dark
677:soap
598:ဝမ်း
540:သွား
519:ရေဆာ
427:ဒယော
375:and
41:IPA:
5092:Sak
5059:Sal
5040:Sak
5030:Mru
4992:Mon
4984:Mon
4938:Pwo
4736:Shö
4362:Pyo
4241:Yaw
3940:Adu
3935:Ati
3798:Axi
3489:Alu
3474:Eka
3392:Awu
3338:Mpi
3331:Mpi
3317:Enu
3126:Amu
2515:at
2501:at
2464:or
2270:ထဘီ
2174:ရယ်
2168:တယ်
2147:→
2116:ချ-
2095:ရှ-
2057:ဝါး
2039:ွား
1988:အမိ
1982:မြေ
1906:ိန်
1875:ချေ
1869:ချီ
1819:-ည်
1809:is
1806:ွန်
1773:-င်
1703:-ဉ်
1694:-ɔʔ
1691:-ɛʔ
1686:-က်
1654:စစ်
1636:-စ်
1614::
1582:/ə/
1373:ပြာ
1354:/ɹ/
1350:/j/
1346:/ɹ/
1116:tʃʰ
547:လား
471:ညနေ
256:rmz
249:rki
5479::
5199:Wa
4617:Zo
4228:,
3734:Ku
2802:13
2800:.
2796:.
2735:^
2719:,
2701:^
2691:.
2622:}}
2618:{{
2592:^
2574:.
2537:.
2231:-e
2228:-ɛ
2150:ရ-
2144:တ-
2067:ြွ
2029:နု
2000:သီ
1974:နီ
1956:-ေ
1949:-ီ
1851:-ေ
1602:,
1587:လခ
1577:.
1553:au
1548:ai
1500:ou
1495:ei
1323:ɹ̥
1260:l̥
1211:sʰ
1123:kʰ
1107:tʰ
1100:pʰ
1070:tʃ
1031:dʒ
994:ŋ̊
987:ɲ̊
978:n̥
971:m̥
650:.
646::
535:go
465:ညစ
434:,
410:.
340::
336:,
332::
328:;
318:aɪ
123:,
119:,
96:,
92:,
88:,
84:,
62:,
58:,
4563:)
4505:e
4498:t
4491:v
4232:)
4224:(
4159:e
4152:t
4145:v
2837:e
2830:t
2823:v
2804:.
2784:.
2757:.
2695:.
2665:.
2628:)
2614:.
2586:.
2548:.
1564:ဧ
1540:a
1520:ɔ
1513:ɛ
1489:o
1482:ə
1475:e
1457:u
1448:i
1363:ြ
1334:ʍ
1305:w
1298:j
1289:ɹ
1236:l
1193:h
1184:ʃ
1177:s
1170:θ
1148:z
1084:ʔ
1077:k
1061:t
1054:p
1038:ɡ
1022:d
1015:b
955:ŋ
948:ɲ
939:n
932:m
887:/
878:/
456:/
398:–
324:/
321:n
315:k
312:ˈ
309:ə
306:r
303:/
299:(
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