40:
1021:
282:
1033:
1900:
1138:
1178:
merchants, who were soon identified as "enemies of the state". They often lied about Jewish persecution, which is backed up to be lies in government files. In
October 1975, the Shah, referring to this campaign as a "cultural movement", decreed that anti-profiteerism be made the fourteenth principle
1667:
The conception of the party, a hybrid of the
Italian and Spanish schools of fascism, met with widespread opposition and was withdrawn once the queen sided with its opponents. But then fascism yielded to communism. The organization became principle democratic centralism, though the term was not
2338:
1056:
1163:
who, even today, refuse to pay taxes) — with its compulsory membership and dues (taxes), and general interference in the political, economic, and religious concerns of people's lives.
2250:
2215:
1170:—which Hoveyda referred to as "the instrument of Iran's development". Through this youth wing and a special task force of the party, Rastakhiz embarked upon a large-scale anti-
2313:
2383:
2451:
2240:
1151:, the party has been blamed by some with contributing to the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy by antagonizing formerly apolitical Iranians — especially
2446:
2358:
985:
2436:
2255:
1977:
1063:
1821:
Amini, P., "A Single Party State in Iran, 1975–78]: The
Rastakhiz Party – the Final Attempt by the Shah to Consolidate his Political Base,"
783:
2486:
2373:
2426:
2082:
2235:
573:
2441:
2363:
2290:
2165:
2092:
2017:
2461:
1882:
1660:
773:
2431:
2466:
2245:
2200:
2170:
788:
2402:
2368:
1970:
1802:
1628:
1556:
1516:
1488:
1458:
498:
2421:
2323:
2032:
1987:
1738:
1709:
1588:
1424:
1222:
868:
243:
2388:
2348:
2328:
2087:
2077:
2042:
2037:
1904:
2481:
649:
436:
2456:
2012:
1652:
1580:
904:
328:
561:
1963:
1840:
Shakibi, Zhand (2018). "The
Rastakhiz Party and Pahlavism: the beginnings of state anti-Westernism in Iran".
1049:
263:
296:
2378:
2298:
2230:
2210:
2155:
768:
150:
45:
456:
2145:
1373:
2195:
1697:
1616:
2072:
2027:
1730:
2476:
2353:
2333:
2270:
1947:
1246:
815:
644:
398:
121:
2471:
2130:
2022:
1544:
1171:
1102:
990:
778:
203:
1701:
1690:
2308:
2260:
2225:
2160:
2067:
2047:
1620:
1548:
830:
318:
2343:
2220:
2115:
1955:
835:
704:
699:
639:
393:
306:
178:
65:
1608:
1536:
2120:
689:
338:
8:
2303:
2150:
2062:
1114:
1025:
932:
845:
825:
634:
518:
463:
168:
975:
2275:
2205:
1857:
1281:
1227:
1207:
1187:
1148:
1124:
743:
654:
551:
493:
301:
213:
113:
1878:
1861:
1798:
1734:
1705:
1685:
1656:
1624:
1609:
1604:
1584:
1572:
1552:
1537:
1512:
1484:
1454:
1361:
1317:
1293:
684:
674:
248:
1727:
From
Resilience to Revolution: How Foreign Interventions Destabilize the Middle East
451:
2265:
2175:
1996:
1927:
1849:
1385:
1180:
1093:
1081:
1000:
965:
863:
805:
601:
591:
566:
513:
441:
238:
117:
49:
1853:
2110:
2052:
1305:
1120:
918:
873:
820:
810:
719:
611:
556:
311:
53:
1871:
Pahlavi Iran and the
Politics of Occidentalism: The Shah and the Rastakhiz Party
271:
2180:
1532:
1212:
939:
724:
679:
606:
533:
358:
188:
2415:
2057:
1483:. The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 209. Scarecrow Press. pp. 266–268.
1453:. The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 209. Scarecrow Press. pp. 266–268.
1005:
980:
714:
709:
664:
528:
478:
323:
198:
1797:. Vol. 1. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. pp. 205–212.
2318:
2135:
2125:
2102:
1914:
970:
669:
659:
596:
446:
413:
368:
363:
223:
131:
39:
2140:
1874:
1397:
1329:
1037:
995:
793:
418:
388:
2190:
2004:
616:
468:
408:
403:
333:
227:
173:
158:
946:
694:
488:
423:
373:
1577:
Tortured
Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran
2339:
People's
Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran
1795:
Eminent
Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979
925:
523:
473:
218:
163:
2251:
Organization of
Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
1153:
1137:
383:
281:
182:
44:
Logo featuring 'Resurrection Party of People of Iran' (center), '
1899:
1159:
911:
483:
1985:
2185:
897:
878:
2314:
Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President
1918:
1774:
378:
2384:
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization
1119:'Resurgence/Resurrection Party'), was Iran's
1107:
1123:
from 2 March 1975 until 1 November 1978, founded by
1646:
1689:
1186:The single party system ended in late 1978 as the
1166:Established along with the party was a youth wing—
2241:Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
1771:
2413:
2359:Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
1506:
1478:
1448:
1147:Founded under the government of Prime Minister
2256:Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters
1971:
1057:
784:Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution
2374:Association for Defence of Revolution Values
16:1975–1978 sole legal political party in Iran
2452:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution
1479:John H. Lorentz (2010). "Rastakhiz Party".
1449:John H. Lorentz (2010). "Rastakhiz Party".
1078:Party of Resurrection of the Iranian Nation
1978:
1964:
1684:
1603:
1571:
1064:
1050:
38:
2216:Organization of Communist Revolutionaries
1842:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
2447:Political parties disestablished in 1978
1767:
1765:
1763:
1136:
2364:Coalition of the Oppressed and Deprived
1868:
1839:
1782:, Economic East Economic Digest Ltd: 17
1531:
2414:
2166:Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists
1792:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1539:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
2437:Political parties established in 1975
1959:
1760:
774:Front of Islamic Revolution Stability
2393:Worker-Communist Unity Party of Iran
1642:
1640:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1259:
1193:
2487:Far-right political parties in Iran
2171:United Front of Progressive Parties
1829:(1) January 2002, pp. 131–168.
1724:
1673:
1502:
1500:
1097:
1085:
789:Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
13:
1772:Elizabeth Collard (1979), "Iran",
142:
14:
2498:
2083:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1892:
1757:(1), 1 January 2002, pp. 131–168
1637:
1467:
1425:List of largest political parties
869:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
56:' (top right) writings in Persian
2427:Banned political parties in Iran
2389:Islamic Iran Participation Front
2349:Front for the Liberation of Iran
2088:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
1898:
1497:
1031:
1019:
574:Safavid conversion to Shia Islam
280:
2369:Coalition of Imam's Line groups
1988:political organizations in Iran
1786:
1747:
1543:. Oxford Handbooks in History.
2442:1978 disestablishments in Iran
2324:Muslim People's Republic Party
2093:Revolutionary Republican Party
1718:
1653:University of California Press
1649:The Life and Times of the Shah
1597:
1581:University of California Press
1565:
1525:
1442:
1174:campaign directed against the
1:
2018:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1854:10.1080/13530194.2016.1246242
1430:
1254:
2462:Parties of one-party systems
2379:Islamic Reconciliation Party
2299:Coalition of Islamic Parties
2231:Union of Communist Militants
2211:League of Iranian Socialists
2156:Azerbaijani Democratic Party
1692:Iran Between Two Revolutions
1647:Gholam Reza Afkhami (2008).
769:Combatant Clergy Association
7:
2432:1975 establishments in Iran
2236:Union of Iranian Communists
1418:
1374:Mohammad Reza Ameli Tehrani
1345:Deputy Secretaries-General
1108:
10:
2503:
2467:Monarchist parties in Iran
2196:Society of Muslim Warriors
1698:Princeton University Press
1617:Cambridge University Press
1130:
1121:sole legal political party
2400:
2329:National Democratic Front
2289:
2246:People's Democratic Front
2101:
2028:Moderate Socialists Party
2003:
1994:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1913:
1731:Columbia University Press
1507:Parviz Daneshvar (2016).
234:
212:
149:
137:
127:
109:
89:
71:
61:
37:
23:
2422:Banned far-right parties
2354:Islamic Republican Party
2334:Radical Movement of Iran
2033:Union and Progress Party
1948:Islamic Republican Party
1753:Middle Eastern Studies,
1611:A History of Modern Iran
1511:. Springer. p. 73.
816:Islamic Republican Party
562:1953 Iranian coup d'état
30:
2043:Unified Socialist Party
2013:Social Democratic Party
1869:Shakibi, Zhand (2020).
1545:Oxford University Press
1026:Conservatism portal
991:Nuclear program of Iran
779:Islamic Coalition Party
214:Political position
204:Conservative liberalism
2482:Anti-communist parties
2078:Young Communist League
2048:Social Reformers Party
1823:Middle Eastern Studies
1793:Milani, Abbas (2008).
1142:
96:; 45 years ago
77:; 49 years ago
50:Shah–People Revolution
2457:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
2344:Azadegan Organization
2221:Islamic Nations Party
1140:
1086:حزب رستاخیز ملت ایران
179:Democratic centralism
66:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
31:حزب رستاخیز ملت ایران
28:of the Iranian Nation
26:Party of Resurrection
2146:National Union Party
1907:at Wikimedia Commons
1733:. pp. 142–143.
1655:. pp. 434–444.
1265:Secretaries-General
1141:Party Congress, 1976
273:Conservatism in Iran
185:(early, theoretical)
2304:Quintuple Coalition
2261:Nationalists' Party
2151:National Will Party
1346:
1266:
831:Nationalists' Party
826:National Will Party
519:Iranian nationalism
169:Iranian nationalism
2038:Progressives Party
1944:Title next held by
1725:Yom, Sean (2015).
1686:Abrahamian, Ervand
1605:Abrahamian, Ervand
1573:Abrahamian, Ervand
1509:Revolution in Iran
1481:The A to Z of Iran
1451:The A to Z of Iran
1344:
1282:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
1264:
1228:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
1188:Iranian Revolution
1157:(merchants of the
1149:Amir Abbas Hoveyda
1143:
1125:Mohammad Reza Shah
905:Islamic Republican
744:Islamic Government
552:Iranian Revolution
431:Principlist groups
2409:
2408:
1954:
1953:
1934:Resurgence Party
1903:Media related to
1884:978-1-7883-1736-8
1662:978-0-520-25328-5
1415:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1362:Fereydoun Mahdavi
1340:
1339:
1318:Jamshid Amouzegar
1294:Jamshid Amouzegar
1252:
1251:
1194:Electoral history
1118:
1106:
1088:), or simply the
1074:
1073:
508:Monarchist groups
257:
256:
244:Political parties
2494:
2291:Islamic Republic
2176:Iran Unity Party
2131:Motherland Party
2103:Pahlavi monarchy
2063:Reformers' Party
1997:Politics of Iran
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1925:Preceded by
1911:
1910:
1902:
1888:
1865:
1809:
1808:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1769:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1695:
1682:
1671:
1670:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1476:
1465:
1464:
1446:
1386:Dariush Homayoon
1347:
1343:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1242:
1235:
1198:
1197:
1181:White Revolution
1113:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1087:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1001:Politics of Iran
976:Holocaust denial
966:Death to America
864:Hojjatie Society
846:Reformers' Party
806:Iran Novin Party
749:
567:White Revolution
514:Anti-clericalism
442:Anti-imperialism
437:Anti-Americanism
284:
274:
259:
258:
239:Politics of Iran
144:
141:5,000,000 (1976
105:
104:
102:
97:
85:
83:
78:
42:
21:
20:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2477:Fascism in Iran
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2396:
2309:Grand coalition
2285:
2281:Rastakhiz Party
2276:Iranians' Party
2097:
2073:Communist Party
2068:Socialist Party
2053:Learned Council
1999:
1990:
1984:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1905:Rastakhiz Party
1895:
1885:
1834:Further reading
1813:
1812:
1805:
1791:
1787:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1683:
1674:
1663:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1583:. p. 113.
1570:
1566:
1559:
1533:Daryaee, Touraj
1530:
1526:
1519:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1477:
1468:
1461:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1421:
1416:
1306:Mohammad Baheri
1257:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1196:
1190:gained ground.
1168:Rastakhiz Youth
1145:
1144:
1133:
1109:Hezb-e Rastāxiz
1090:Rastakhiz Party
1070:
1038:Iran portal
1032:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1010:
986:Judicial system
961:
953:
952:
919:Partow-e Sokhan
892:
884:
883:
859:
851:
850:
841:Rastakhiz Party
821:Learned Council
811:Iran-e-No Party
761:
753:
752:
747:
738:
730:
729:
630:
622:
621:
587:
579:
578:
557:Pahlavi dynasty
547:
539:
538:
505:
494:Twelver Shi'ism
428:
354:
346:
345:
312:Deviant current
292:
272:
253:
221:
208:
181:
120:
116:
114:Iranians' Party
101:1 November 1978
100:
98:
95:
94:1 November 1978
93:
81:
79:
76:
57:
54:Imperial System
48:' (top left), '
33:
32:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Third Position
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2407:
2406:
2403:Active parties
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
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2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2271:People's Party
2268:
2266:New Iran Party
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2181:Comrades Party
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Democrat Party
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Progress Party
2113:
2111:New Iran Party
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2023:Democrat Party
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2005:Qajar monarchy
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1928:New Iran Party
1926:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1894:
1893:External links
1891:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1866:
1848:(2): 251–268.
1831:
1830:
1811:
1810:
1804:978-0815609070
1803:
1785:
1759:
1746:
1739:
1717:
1710:
1672:
1661:
1636:
1630:978-0521528917
1629:
1596:
1589:
1564:
1558:978-0199732159
1557:
1524:
1518:978-1349140626
1517:
1496:
1490:978-1461731917
1489:
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1460:978-1461731917
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978:
973:
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960:Related topics
959:
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943:
940:Vatan-e-Emrooz
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836:Progress Party
833:
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359:Anti-communism
355:
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343:
342:
341:
336:
331:
329:Fundamentalism
321:
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189:Anti-communism
186:
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122:People's Party
118:New Iran Party
111:
110:Merger of
107:
106:
91:
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73:
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63:
59:
58:
43:
35:
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2201:Toilers Party
2199:
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2121:Justice Party
2119:
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2058:Revival Party
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1989:
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1204:Party leader
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1199:
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1015:
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1006:Shia crescent
1004:
1002:
999:
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994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Islam in Iran
979:
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949:
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858:Organisations
855:
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740:
734:
733:
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723:
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718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Pourmohammadi
703:
701:
698:
696:
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690:Mojtahedzadeh
688:
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586:Intellectuals
583:
582:
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568:
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563:
560:
559:
558:
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543:
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529:Secular state
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
500:
499:Vilayat Faqih
497:
496:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Republicanism
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
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458:
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399:Law and order
397:
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362:
360:
357:
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349:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:Shia Islamism
322:
320:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Authoritarian
295:
294:
288:
287:
283:
279:
278:
275:
270:
269:
265:
261:
260:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
229:
225:
220:
217:
215:
211:
205:
202:
200:
199:Progressivism
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
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148:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
92:
88:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2319:Eponym Group
2280:
2136:Jungle Party
2126:Peykar Party
1946:
1940:
1933:
1915:Ruling party
1870:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1816:Bibliography
1815:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1754:
1749:
1726:
1720:
1691:
1666:
1648:
1610:
1599:
1576:
1567:
1538:
1527:
1508:
1480:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1409:
1185:
1175:
1172:profiteering
1167:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1089:
1077:
1075:
971:Greater Iran
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
840:
799:
798:
763:
742:
507:
506:
457:Antisemitism
452:Anti-Zionism
447:Anti-Sunnism
430:
429:
414:Social order
369:Anti-Kurdism
364:Anti-Arabism
224:centre-right
193:
132:Worker House
82:2 March 1975
75:2 March 1975
52:' (below), '
46:Constitution
18:
2206:Third Force
2141:Azure Party
1986:Historical
1875:I.B. Tauris
1700:. pp.
1398:Javad Saeed
1330:Javad Saeed
1098:حزب رستاخیز
996:Pan-Iranism
794:YEKTA Front
635:Ahmadinejad
629:Politicians
464:Clericalism
419:Sovereignty
389:Familialism
339:Principlist
128:Worker wing
2416:Categories
2191:Aria Party
1937:1975–1978
1873:. London:
1668:mentioned.
1619:. p.
1547:. p.
1431:References
1390:1977–1978
1378:1976–1977
1366:1975–1976
1310:1977–1978
1298:1976–1977
1286:1975–1976
1255:Leadership
1208:Parliament
737:Literature
650:Ghazizadeh
640:Asgaroladi
592:Alamolhoda
469:Homophobia
409:Patriotism
404:Militarism
353:Principles
334:Khomeinism
302:Monarchism
291:Ideologies
228:right-wing
174:Secularism
159:Monarchism
138:Membership
1862:151598124
1234:268 / 268
1201:Election
1103:romanized
947:Yalasarat
720:Soleimani
700:Palevi II
602:Khalkhali
489:Theocracy
424:Tradition
394:Hierarchy
374:Authority
319:Religious
249:Elections
230:factions)
194:Factions:
90:Dissolved
1688:(1982).
1607:(2008).
1575:(1999).
1535:(2012).
1419:See also
926:Rajanews
695:Palevi I
680:Larijani
675:Khomeini
670:Khamenei
645:Ghalibaf
612:Modarres
607:Larijani
524:Royalism
474:Misogyny
307:National
264:a series
262:Part of
219:Big tent
164:Populism
151:Ideology
1702:442–446
1353:Tenure
1273:Tenure
1241:30 / 30
1179:of the
1176:bazaari
1160:bazaars
1154:bazaari
1131:History
1117:
1105::
1094:Persian
1082:Persian
933:Resalat
874:Restart
800:Defunct
760:Parties
665:Jannati
660:Jalili
655:Hoveyda
546:History
384:Elitism
183:Fascism
99: (
80: (
72:Founded
62:Founder
1941:Vacant
1881:
1860:
1801:
1737:
1708:
1659:
1627:
1587:
1555:
1515:
1487:
1457:
1410:
1213:Senate
912:Kayhan
764:Active
748:(1970)
725:Zakani
715:Rezaee
685:Mansur
597:Fardid
484:Sharia
222:(with
2186:SUMKA
1858:S2CID
1436:Notes
1402:1978
1350:Name
1334:1978
1322:1978
1270:Name
898:Abrar
891:Media
879:SAVAK
710:Raisi
617:Yazdi
2226:JAMA
1919:Iran
1879:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1775:MEED
1735:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1356:Ref
1276:Ref
1223:1975
1217:Ref
1115:lit.
1076:The
379:Duty
143:est.
1917:of
1850:doi
1621:153
1549:361
1247:IPU
226:to
2418::
1877:.
1856:.
1846:45
1844:.
1827:38
1825:,
1780:23
1778:,
1762:^
1755:38
1729:.
1704:.
1696:.
1675:^
1665:.
1651:.
1639:^
1623:.
1615:.
1579:.
1551:.
1499:^
1469:^
1183:.
1127:.
1112:,
1100:,
1096::
1084::
266:on
1979:e
1972:t
1965:v
1887:.
1864:.
1852::
1807:.
1743:.
1714:.
1633:.
1593:.
1561:.
1521:.
1493:.
1463:.
1092:(
1080:(
1065:e
1058:t
1051:v
145:)
103:)
84:)
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