1808:
1779:
1012:
1072:
2419:
7550:
1283:
1092:
1749:
1235:
964:
7580:
2024:
1188:
793:
8314:
1026:
934:
1718:
2686:
7591:
851:
919:
1959:
873:
1999:
2548:
1263:
1643:
1599:
1404:
2573:
997:
7575:
1312:
809:
162:
7557:
126:
7585:
828:
2707:
2469:
2444:
2205:
1929:
1887:
2729:
775:
891:
905:
2595:
7569:
1119:
1142:
2369:
2344:
2743:
2494:
2754:
950:
2617:
1049:
983:
2297:
6163:
521:
1214:
1687:
2523:
2642:
7563:
1160:
6151:
2394:
2664:
743:). The WGD is estimated to have happened about 320 million years ago in the teleosts, which on average has retained about 17% of the gene duplicates, and around 180 (124–225) million years ago in the chondrosteans . It has since happened again in some teleost lineages, like Salmonidae (80–100 million years ago) and several times independently within the
2261:. It is thought that the chondrosteans evolved from bony fish but lost the bony hardening of their cartilaginous skeletons, resulting in a lightening of the frame. Elderly chondrosteans show beginnings of ossification of the skeleton, suggesting that this process is delayed rather than lost in these fish. This group had once been classified with the
1174:
2317:. There were only few changes during its evolution from the earlier actinopterygians. Neopterygians are a very successful group of fishes because they can move more rapidly than their ancestors. Their scales and skeletons began to lighten during their evolution, and their jaws became more powerful and efficient. While
1394:
is an amphibious, simultaneous hermaphrodite, producing both eggs and spawn and having internal fertilisation. This mode of reproduction may be related to the fish's habit of spending long periods out of water in the mangrove forests it inhabits. Males are occasionally produced at temperatures below
4718:
Zhang, Ruihua; Liu, Qun; Pan, Shanshan; Zhang, Yingying; Qin, Yating; Du, Xiao; Yuan, Zengbao; Lu, Yongrui; Song, Yue; Zhang, Mengqi; Zhang, Nannan; Ma, Jie; Zhang, Zhe; Jia, Xiaodong; Wang, Kun; He, Shunping; Liu, Shanshan; Ni, Ming; Liu, Xin; Xu, Xun; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Seim, Inge; Fan,
1330:
In nearly all ray-finned fish, the sexes are separate, and in most species the females spawn eggs that are fertilized externally, typically with the male inseminating the eggs after they are laid. Development then proceeds with a free-swimming larval stage. However other patterns of
1370:, or some form of parental care for eggs, whether by the male, the female, or both parents is seen in a significant fraction (21%) of the 422 teleost families; no care is likely the ancestral condition. The oldest case of viviparity in ray-finned fish is found in
5009:
Du, Kang; Stöck, Matthias; Kneitz, Susanne; Klopp, Christophe; Woltering, Joost M.; Adolfi, Mateus Contar; Feron, Romain; Prokopov, Dmitry; Makunin, Alexey; Kichigin, Ilya; Schmidt, Cornelia; Fischer, Petra; Kuhl, Heiner; Wuertz, Sven; Gessner, Jörn (2020).
724:. The outer part of these scales fan out with bony ridges, while the inner part is crossed with fibrous connective tissue. Leptoid scales are thinner and more transparent than other types of scales, and lack the hardened
5124:
Xu, Peng; Xu, Jian; Liu, Guangjian; Chen, Lin; Zhou, Zhixiong; Peng, Wenzhu; Jiang, Yanliang; Zhao, Zixia; Jia, Zhiying; Sun, Yonghua; Wu, Yidi; Chen, Baohua; Pu, Fei; Feng, Jianxin; Luo, Jing (2019).
2121:
of all other actinopterygians, the
Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes) are the sister lineage of Neopterygii, and Holostei (bowfin and gars) are the sister lineage of teleosts. The
1234:
2265:: the similarities are obvious, as not only do the chondrosteans mostly lack bone, but the structure of the jaw is more akin to that of sharks than other bony fish, and both lack
693:, the swim bladder in ray-finned fishes derives from a dorsal bud above the foregut. In early forms the swim bladder could still be used for breathing, a trait still present in
1187:
5728:
933:
4337:
739:
Teleosts and chondrosteans (sturgeons and paddlefish) also differ from the bichirs and holosteans (bowfin and gars) in having gone through a whole-genome duplication (
1282:
1395:
19 °C (66 °F) and can fertilise eggs that are then spawned by the female. This maintains genetic variability in a species that is otherwise highly inbred.
3903:
1071:
4901:
Davesne, Donald; Friedman, Matt; Schmitt, Armin D.; Fernandez, Vincent; Carnevale, Giorgio; Ahlberg, Per E.; Sanchez, Sophie; Benson, Roger B. J. (27 July 2021).
808:
872:
2957:
2811:
2166:. Crown group actinopterygians most likely originated near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. The earliest fossil relatives of modern teleosts are from the
3859:
2846:
2839:
3468:
3242:
3061:
1091:
6733:
6074:"A new stem-neopterygian fish from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan, China, with a reassessment of the relationships of early neopterygian clades"
2950:
2873:
2379:
143:
6758:
6713:
3228:
3047:
2818:
1383:. Viviparity is relatively rare and is found in about 6% of living teleost species; male care is far more common than female care. Male territoriality
2233:, meaning that this subclass does not contain all the descendants of their common ancestor. There used to be 52 species divided among two orders, the
827:
3358:
3114:
2894:
2887:
963:
218:
850:
6783:
2901:
2880:
2404:
792:
8772:
8215:
6743:
6728:
5896:
918:
5846:
Romano, Carlo; Koot, Martha B.; Kogan, Ilja; Brayard, Arnaud; Minikh, Alla V.; Brinkmann, Winand; Bucher, Hugo; Kriwet, Jürgen (February 2016).
6748:
138:
8798:
8132:
1011:
774:
7404:
4776:
Scadeng, Miriam; McKenzie, Christina; He, Weston; Bartsch, Hauke; Dubowitz, David J.; Stec, Dominik; St. Leger, Judy (25 November 2020).
2587:
139:
8903:
146:
4618:"Changing in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung-to-gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray-finned fishes"
130:
8571:
6025:
4671:"Changes in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung-to-gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray-finned fishes"
1322:) males (red belly) build nests and compete to attract females to lay eggs in them. Males then defend and fan the eggs. Painting by
8746:
6195:
5724:
1262:
1778:
1025:
8785:
6167:
5999:
136:
1807:
765:
Ray-finned fish vary in size and shape, in their feeding specializations, and in the number and arrangement of their ray-fins.
666:
Ray-finned fishes occur in many variant forms. The main features of typical ray-finned fish are shown in the adjacent diagram.
5440:
Baylis, Jeffrey (1981). "The
Evolution of Parental Care in Fishes, with reference to Darwin's rule of male sexual selection".
4960:
Parey, Elise; Louis, Alexandra; Montfort, Jerome; Guiguen, Yann; Crollius, Hugues Roest; Berthelot, Camille (12 August 2022).
132:
8576:
5928:
5811:
Arratia, G. (2015). "Complexities of early teleostei and the evolution of particular morphological structures through time".
5494:
5206:
4584:
4549:
144:
8790:
5995:
8137:
7549:
129:
141:
140:
8208:
4721:"A single-cell atlas of West African lungfish respiratory system reveals evolutionary adaptations to terrestrialization"
4491:"The Silurian-Devonian boundary in East Yunnan (South China) and the minimum constraint for the lungfish-tetrapod split"
131:
6843:
1213:
135:
1343:, fish starting life as females and converting to males at some stage, triggered by some internal or external factor.
1118:
142:
1468:
widely. As a result, 96% of living fish species are teleosts (40% of all fish species belong to the teleost subgroup
1141:
996:
362:
145:
8860:
8725:
4962:"An atlas of fish genome evolution reveals delayed rediploidization following the teleost whole-genome duplication"
709:, the swim bladder has been modified for breathing air again, and in other lineages it have been completely lost.
133:
8803:
8738:
7397:
6155:
1048:
2738:. The first spine of the dorsal fin of the anglerfish is modified so it functions like a fishing rod with a lure
2418:
736:, which are found in non-teleost actinopterygians, new scales are added in concentric layers as the fish grows.
431:
fins. The fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the
8201:
134:
7579:
5756:"The early diversification of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii): hypotheses, challenges and future prospects"
8142:
3619:
1535:
8149:
6188:
161:
5656:
5341:
Maxwell; et al. (2018). "Re-evaluation of the ontogeny and reproductive biology of the
Triassic fish
8898:
8681:
8658:
8335:
8313:
8427:
8263:
7429:
7390:
4829:"Bone Density Variation in Rattails (Macrouridae, Gadiformes): Buoyancy, Depth, Body Size, and Feeding"
4269:
3576:
1336:
137:
17:
8852:
5900:
8813:
8686:
8117:
904:
8865:
7584:
8888:
8636:
8127:
7590:
2257:). Reedfish and birchirs are now separated from the Chondrostei into their own sister lineage, the
1465:
1315:
1062:
4961:
8175:
6181:
5914:
5513:(February 2014). "Major issues in the origins of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) biodiversity".
3561:
1323:
1199:
8839:
6073:
5126:"The allotetraploid origin and asymmetrical genome evolution of the common carp Cyprinus carpio"
4903:"Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication"
8598:
8566:
8510:
8505:
8490:
7568:
6836:
3541:
2270:
1543:
1355:
1351:
432:
424:
355:
7574:
7556:
5918:
8893:
8834:
8581:
4541:
2322:
2134:
8826:
4827:
Martin, Rene P; Dias, Abigail S; Summers, Adam P; Gerringer, Mackenzie E (16 October 2022).
890:
8777:
8694:
8645:
8520:
8447:
8432:
8170:
8122:
7809:
6173:
5589:
5449:
5137:
5088:
5077:"Genomic reconsideration of fish non-monophyly: why cannot we simply call them all 'fish'?"
5023:
4914:
4732:
4502:
3958:
2917:
1748:
1039:
8:
8515:
8442:
6466:
5848:"Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution"
3629:
3615:
3415:
3249:
3222:
3197:
3107:
3026:
2734:
2533:
1558:
1017:
982:
5780:
5755:
5593:
5453:
5141:
5092:
5027:
4918:
4753:
4736:
4720:
4506:
2023:
1717:
1173:
8650:
8530:
8495:
8248:
7858:
7706:
6683:
6608:
6562:
6413:
5972:
5945:
5875:
5828:
5793:
5710:
5674:
5639:
5612:
5577:
5548:
5465:
5318:
5293:
5254:
5198:
5166:
5125:
5052:
5012:"The sterlet sturgeon genome sequence and the mechanisms of segmental rediploidization"
5011:
4986:
4937:
4902:
4853:
4828:
4804:
4777:
4695:
4670:
4642:
4617:
4518:
4265:
3910:
3837:
3710:
3444:
3269:
3262:
3181:
2963:
2832:
2784:
2694:
2685:
2627:
2565:
2504:
2454:
2354:
1269:
949:
571:
481:
349:
156:
8663:
5913:
8821:
8546:
8525:
8485:
8365:
8283:
8032:
7980:
7937:
7931:
7894:
7882:
7852:
7507:
7413:
6829:
6778:
6385:
6377:
6134:
6095:
6048:
5977:
5924:
5867:
5797:
5785:
5679:
5617:
5540:
5490:
5415:
5411:
5395:
5372:
5323:
5246:
5202:
5171:
5153:
5106:
5057:
5039:
4991:
4942:
4858:
4809:
4758:
4700:
4647:
4580:
4576:
4545:
4522:
4490:
4417:
4391:
4254:
4209:
4029:
3380:
3351:
3256:
3068:
2993:
2970:
2852:
2671:
2429:
2209:
2146:
1411:
1102:
880:
760:
5832:
5552:
5469:
5258:
3932:
Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013 (Euacanthomorpha sensu
Johnson & Patterson 1993;
8556:
8330:
8165:
8076:
8059:
7773:
7688:
6788:
6763:
6648:
6613:
6418:
6362:
6318:
6289:
6085:
6054:
5967:
5957:
5879:
5859:
5820:
5775:
5767:
5706:
5669:
5661:
5651:
5607:
5597:
5530:
5522:
5457:
5407:
5354:
5313:
5305:
5238:
5161:
5145:
5096:
5047:
5031:
4981:
4973:
4932:
4922:
4848:
4840:
4799:
4789:
4748:
4740:
4690:
4682:
4637:
4629:
4568:
4510:
4406:
4175:
4157:
4138:
3977:
3877:
3733:
3475:
3314:
3204:
3157:
3082:
3040:
3033:
3000:
2866:
2580:
2558:
2318:
2281:). However the fossil record suggests that these fish have more in common with the
2234:
2170:
2014:
1915:
1554:
1391:
686:
651:
290:
1159:
435:
between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles).
8500:
8404:
8387:
8258:
8045:
8008:
7888:
7839:
7660:
7462:
7245:
6999:
6965:
6892:
6798:
6738:
6698:
6638:
6595:
6474:
6130:
6113:
6090:
5484:
4428:
4317:
4225:
4086:
4082:
3933:
3917:
3637:
3235:
3173:
3150:
2924:
2825:
2788:
2714:
2516:
2301:
2266:
2246:
1958:
1873:
1371:
1347:, where a fish converts from male to female, is much less common than protogyny.
1125:
1082:
1002:
740:
502:, at 11 m (36 ft). The largest ever known ray-finned fish, the extinct
485:
428:
398:
378:
262:
7562:
5847:
2547:
1998:
8733:
8720:
8561:
8452:
8375:
8322:
8253:
8228:
7998:
7943:
7925:
7876:
7868:
7845:
7803:
7779:
7524:
7086:
6993:
6678:
6653:
6623:
6570:
6542:
6532:
6523:
6456:
6448:
6390:
5573:
5291:
5149:
5101:
5076:
4744:
4334:
Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2014 (Percomorpharia
Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013)
4250:
4243:
4149:
4102:
4033:
3962:
3844:
3785:
3737:
3365:
3329:
3189:
3075:
3054:
2859:
2780:
2572:
2540:
2479:
1624:
1403:
1035:
465:
6058:
5962:
5191:
5035:
4778:"Morphology of the Amazonian Teleost Genus Arapaima Using Advanced 3D Imaging"
4514:
1598:
1472:), while all other groups of actinopterygians represent depauperate lineages.
1311:
8882:
8621:
8382:
8298:
8288:
7969:
7816:
7791:
7740:
7653:
7535:
7515:
7357:
7262:
7125:
7069:
6703:
6693:
6663:
6643:
6618:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6236:
6099:
5697:
Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (1995). "A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny".
5510:
5391:
5157:
5110:
5043:
4794:
4410:
4306:
4299:
4198:
4194:
4109:
4010:
3799:
3658:
3652:
3568:
3553:
3529:
3494:
3143:
2804:
2776:
2649:
2486:
2373:
2330:
2189:
2181:
2151:
1666:
1611:
1469:
1367:
1253:
1204:
1132:
1107:
988:
721:
495:
412:
403:
82:
5602:
5226:
4927:
2468:
2443:
2204:
1928:
1886:
1642:
8464:
8081:
7960:
7900:
7785:
7718:
7613:
7237:
7192:
7097:
7041:
6878:
6768:
6723:
6708:
6688:
6673:
6603:
6547:
6537:
6512:
6507:
6408:
6242:
5981:
5871:
5789:
5683:
5621:
5544:
5327:
5309:
5294:"Evolutionary Transitions in Parental Care and Live Bearing in Vertebrates"
5292:
Reynolds, John; Nicholas B. Goodwin; Robert P. Freckleton (19 March 2002).
5250:
5175:
5061:
4995:
4946:
4862:
4813:
4762:
4704:
4651:
4380:
4369:
4343:
4295:
4280:
4235:
4056:
3997:
3954:
3946:
3848:
3825:
3813:
3757:
3720:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3583:
3572:
3514:
3454:
3422:
3408:
3307:
3100:
2758:
2728:
2699:
2602:
2511:
2461:
2436:
2226:
2175:
2118:
1656:
1585:
1519:
1248:
1151:
1110:
733:
725:
670:
563:
551:
504:
454:
408:
382:
203:
40:
6821:
5665:
5535:
5419:
4977:
4844:
2594:
8759:
8673:
8630:
8459:
8409:
8392:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8068:
8054:
7990:
7919:
7724:
7679:
7626:
7471:
7154:
7054:
6793:
6753:
6718:
6633:
6628:
6580:
6489:
6352:
6344:
6300:
6281:
6271:
4876:
4439:
4421:
4354:
4258:
4183:
4063:
4052:
4048:
3993:
3981:
3870:
3852:
3789:
3761:
3673:
3603:
3498:
3292:
3285:
3018:
2978:
2942:
2742:
2609:
2493:
2386:
2368:
2361:
2343:
2307:
2290:
2215:
2198:
2122:
1941:
1909:
1899:
1699:
1572:
1518:
of living actinopterygians and their evolutionary relationships to other
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1379:
1194:
1165:
896:
655:
627:
490:
420:
416:
251:
245:
240:
57:
8193:
5358:
4665:
Funk, Emily C.; Breen, Catriona; Sanketi, Bhargav D.; Kurpios, Natasza;
2753:
2706:
2329:, neopterygians have lost this sense, though it later re-evolved within
2185:), although it is suspected that teleosts originated already during the
1485:
8360:
8303:
8273:
8268:
8086:
7985:
7830:
7767:
7712:
7694:
7493:
7484:
7350:
7289:
7142:
7027:
6981:
6915:
6773:
6585:
6484:
6479:
6400:
6357:
6323:
6230:
5578:"Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification"
5461:
5222:
4666:
4613:
4399:
4384:
4362:
4284:
4098:
3884:
3765:
3537:
3398:
3136:
3121:
3008:
2678:
2621:
2616:
2599:
2577:
2278:
2242:
1989:
1923:
1794:
1682:
1676:
1632:
1457:
1384:
1363:
1226:
1221:
1128:
1078:
973:
940:
864:
860:
837:
818:
784:
744:
713:
659:
647:
535:
469:
450:
386:
102:
67:
5863:
5824:
5771:
5526:
5298:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
5242:
5075:
Kuraku, Shigehiro; Sato, Mana; Yoshida, Kohta; Uno, Yoshinobu (2024).
4686:
4633:
2296:
1475:
The classification of ray-finned fishes can be summarized as follows:
8764:
8707:
8437:
8040:
7797:
7761:
7752:
7666:
7281:
6971:
6945:
6872:
6575:
6552:
6252:
6117:
5751:
4373:
4321:
4273:
4142:
4014:
3950:
3921:
3866:
3645:
3641:
3322:
3318:
3214:
2909:
2634:
2313:
is a subclass of ray-finned fish that appeared somewhere in the Late
2282:
2258:
2230:
2222:
2186:
1954:
1867:
1744:
1686:
1547:
1527:
1511:
1441:
1417:
1359:
1344:
1340:
1179:
955:
924:
910:
799:
579:
520:
447:
267:
234:
173:
107:
51:
8592:
7382:
3899:
Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013 (Polymyxiomorpha; Polymixiipterygii)
2522:
747:(in goldfish and common carp as recently as 14 million years ago).
8751:
8712:
8615:
8469:
8370:
8278:
8003:
7948:
7905:
7700:
7499:
7477:
7439:
7251:
7179:
7167:
6929:
6900:
6853:
6668:
6658:
6499:
6310:
6224:
6162:
4395:
4310:
4288:
4213:
4187:
4117:
4094:
4090:
3533:
3510:
3479:
3296:
3090:
3004:
2986:
2932:
2796:
2721:
2552:
2527:
2498:
2473:
2448:
2411:
2348:
2274:
2269:(excluding the Polypteriforms). Additional shared features include
2250:
2238:
2167:
1976:
1919:
1881:
1731:
1593:
1551:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1332:
1296:
1241:
1147:
1098:
1055:
856:
841:
756:
706:
694:
674:
639:
509:
477:
462:
390:
256:
193:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
44:
4612:
Funk, Emily; Breen, Catriona; Sanketi, Bhargav; Kurpios, Natasza;
2641:
689:
have retained the ancestral condition of ventral budding from the
8397:
8091:
7631:
7621:
7603:
7364:
7203:
7049:
6438:
6334:
4432:
4347:
4239:
4202:
4153:
3817:
3587:
3545:
3522:
3430:
3426:
3373:
3369:
2772:
2747:
2711:
2423:
2398:
2334:
2326:
2314:
2163:
1798:
1761:
1636:
1589:
1539:
1531:
1274:
1032:
969:
729:
717:
690:
543:
526:
499:
443:
439:
112:
87:
7193:
Lissamphibia (modern amphibians: frogs, salamanders, caecilians)
5389:
512:, has been estimated to have grown to 16.5 m (54 ft).
8355:
7454:
7270:
7227:
7216:
6866:
6260:
6218:
6150:
4900:
4358:
4179:
4067:
3662:
3518:
3506:
3300:
3125:
2928:
2779:, †) and living groups of Actinopterygii with their respective
2668:
2646:
2254:
2159:
2155:
2141:
2130:
1993:
1877:
1774:
1712:
1523:
1292:
814:
698:
678:
183:
5923:. Springer Science+Business Media, Incorporated. p. 229.
2393:
2325:
is present in all other groups of fish, with the exception of
8847:
8699:
7910:
5482:
3666:
3549:
2663:
2262:
1628:
1515:
473:
7087:
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, chimaeras)
6203:
5743:
732:-like layers found in the scales of many other fish. Unlike
8551:
8419:
8232:
7424:
7295:
4113:
3821:
3677:
3502:
2792:
2656:
1802:
780:
682:
599:
458:
394:
389:
species. They are so called because of their lightly built
338:
335:
320:
6021:
5640:"The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes"
4826:
3310:
Greenwood et al. 1966 sensu Forey et al. 1996 (bonefishes)
1390:
There are a few examples of fish that self-fertilise. The
332:
311:
8240:
8224:
6367:
4959:
3888:
3633:
Greenwood et al. 1966 sensu
Johnson & Patterson 1996
3333:
3161:
2229:. Earlier definitions of Chondrostei are now known to be
2126:
2018:
1562:
1288:
1058:
833:
702:
329:
305:
296:
5749:
5227:"Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes"
4775:
4489:
Zhao, W.; Zhang, X.; Jia, G.; Shen, Y.; Zhu, M. (2021).
4664:
4611:
2799:
and extinct groups from Van der Laan 2016 and Xu 2021.
419:, the actinopterygian fins can easily change shape and
6019:
5946:"Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4"
5845:
407:, as opposed to the bulkier, fleshy lobed fins of the
6133:
5750:
Henderson, Struan; Dunne, Emma M.; Fasey, Sophie A.;
5696:
5657:
10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288
4538:
Vertebrates: Comparative
Anatomy, Function, Evolution
927:
are indifferent swimmers who try to ambush their prey
498:, at 2,300 kg (5,070 lb); and to the giant
308:
299:
293:
8073:
8028:
7995:
7977:
7827:
7749:
7676:
7643:
7531:
7520:
7511:
7504:
7489:
7467:
7450:
5690:
5074:
2717:
2690:
2674:
2652:
2630:
2624:
2605:
2583:
2561:
2555:
2536:
2530:
2507:
2501:
2482:
2476:
2457:
2451:
2432:
2426:
2407:
2401:
2382:
2376:
2357:
2351:
1375:
1244:
326:
317:
314:
302:
5637:
3606:Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996)
1561:dates for the different actinopterygian clades (in
1398:
1362:teleosts, most (79%) do not provide parental care.
750:
369: 'wing, fins'), members of which are known as
323:
5943:
5190:
5008:
1256:and the largest ray-finned fish to have ever lived
5839:
5188:
3383:Regan 1909 sensu Zhang 2004 (bony-tongued fishes)
802:is even faster and more streamlined than the tuna
8880:
5189:Dorit, R.L.; Walker, W.F.; Barnes, R.D. (1991).
4717:
4488:
5396:"Paternity and the evolution of male parentage"
5221:
4907:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2117:The polypterids (bichirs and reedfish) are the
783:are streamlined for straight line speed with a
712:Ray-finned fishes have many different types of
453:, and constitute nearly 99% of the over 30,000
128:
6891:
5572:
3391:Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
2337:, who possess nonhomologous teleost ampullae.
2285:than their external appearance might suggest.
884:can see both below and above the water surface
8209:
7398:
6837:
6189:
6020:R. Froese and D. Pauly, ed. (February 2006).
5371:
5365:
1479:Cladistia, which include bichirs and reedfish
494:, at 8 mm (0.3 in); to the massive
6046:
5917:; Carl D. Hopkins; Arthur N. Popper (2005).
5804:
2273:and, in sturgeons, a heterocercal tail (the
1436:, in turn, is divided into the infraclasses
427:per movement compared to sarcopterygian and
7040:
6851:
5810:
5503:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5123:
4563:
4561:
3464:(Rosen & Greenwood 1970) Sagemehl 1885
3124:Huxley 1861 sensu Grande & Bemis 1998 (
1416:Actinopterygii is divided into the classes
1387:a species for evolving male parental care.
622:: internal sex organs (ovaries or testes),
8216:
8202:
7405:
7391:
7280:
6844:
6830:
6196:
6182:
5891:
5889:
2791:with notes when this differs from Nelson,
2789:Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes
943:is modified like a fishing rod with a lure
438:The vast majority of actinopterygians are
8572:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
8223:
6089:
6078:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
5971:
5961:
5779:
5699:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
5673:
5655:
5638:Betancur-R, Ricardo; et al. (2013).
5611:
5601:
5534:
5317:
5165:
5100:
5051:
4985:
4936:
4926:
4852:
4803:
4793:
4752:
4694:
4641:
2746:Skeleton of another ray-finned fish, the
1530:). The latter include mostly terrestrial
821:to jump obstacles during river migrations
673:is a more derived structure and used for
397:supported by radially extended thin bony
5944:Betancur-Rodriguez; et al. (2017).
5483:Wootton, Robert J.; Smith, Carl (2014).
5280:
4558:
3103:Cope 1872 sensu Grande & Bemis 1998
2752:
2741:
2727:
2705:
2684:
2662:
2640:
2615:
2593:
2571:
2546:
2521:
2492:
2467:
2442:
2417:
2392:
2367:
2342:
1402:
1310:
1295:) are the only surviving members of the
519:
488:. Extant species can range in size from
6972:Thaliacea (pyrosomes, salps, doliolids)
6000:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
5886:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5476:
5340:
5271:
5265:
5197:. Saunders College Publishing. p.
4535:
4482:
3332:Jarocki 1822 sensu Goodrich 1909 (true
2154:), remains of which have been found in
1335:exist, with one of the commonest being
844:, which give them great maneuverability
14:
8881:
5633:
5631:
5509:
5486:Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes
5439:
5433:
5383:
4607:
4605:
4567:
2771:The listing below is a summary of all
2150:, dating back 420 million years (
1424:. The latter comprises the subclasses
525:Anatomy of a typical ray-finned fish (
8597:
8596:
8197:
7412:
7386:
6825:
6177:
5731:from the original on 12 February 2010
939:The first spine of the dorsal fin of
8853:D61F872C-4533-C31A-2D43-D92EF5C326C8
8814:6d61ac8b-f141-470b-8194-bfb6a458a05f
8739:f337f362-0293-4589-9eb9-ff0f42497799
5559:
3368:McAllister 1968 sensu Taverne 1979 (
6050:Family-group names of fossil fishes
5897:"Chondrosteans: Sturgeon Relatives"
5628:
5345:(Actinopterygii, Saurichthyidae)".
4602:
3284:Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 (
2277:extend into the larger lobe of the
1565:, mya) are from Near et al., 2012.
976:living ray-fins; they possess lungs
859:have developed partially symmetric
650:). Possible other parts not shown:
24:
6071:
5711:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x
3497:Bleeker 1859 sensu Goodrich 1909 (
3022:Regan 1923 sensu Xu & Wu 2012
817:generate enough thrust with their
515:
124:
25:
8915:
8904:Extant Silurian first appearances
6143:
1526:and the four-limbed vertebrates (
385:that comprise over 50% of living
8312:
7589:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7561:
7555:
7548:
7115:Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
6161:
6149:
6072:Xu, Guang-Hui (9 January 2021).
6028:from the original on 5 July 2018
4238:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013 (
3992:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013 (
3971:Subdivision Holocentrimorphaceae
3809:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
3661:Bleeker 1859 sensu Nelson 1994 (
3618:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013 (
3193:Nelson, Grand & Wilson 2016
3177:Arratia 2000 sensu Arratia 2013
2295:
2203:
2022:
1997:
1957:
1927:
1885:
1806:
1777:
1747:
1716:
1685:
1641:
1597:
1399:Classification and fossil record
1281:
1261:
1233:
1212:
1186:
1172:
1158:
1140:
1117:
1090:
1070:
1047:
1024:
1010:
995:
981:
962:
948:
932:
917:
903:
889:
871:
849:
826:
807:
791:
773:
751:Body shapes and fin arrangements
354: 'having rays' and
289:
160:
55:
6123:
6106:
6065:
6040:
6013:
5988:
5937:
5907:
5717:
5442:Environmental Biology of Fishes
5334:
5215:
5182:
5117:
5068:
5002:
4953:
4894:
4869:
4168:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2014
4134:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2014
4128:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
4078:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
4044:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
4025:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
4006:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
3973:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
3942:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
3803:Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2013
3252:Nelson, Grand & Wilson 2016
3218:Müller 1844 sensu Arratia 2013
1306:
415:(lobe-finned fish). Resembling
27:Class of ray-finned bony fishes
6116:is placed in its own subclass
6047:Van der Laan, Richard (2016).
5400:Journal of Theoretical Biology
5379:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.
5377:The Evolution of Parental Care
5274:The Behavior of Teleost Fishes
5016:Nature Ecology & Evolution
4833:Integrative Organismal Biology
4820:
4769:
4711:
4658:
4593:
4529:
3348:Supercohort Osteoglossocephala
3342:Megacohort Osteoglossocephalai
2689:Fossil of a ray-finned perch (
1491:Teleostei (most living fishes)
1339:. In most cases this involves
468:and are ubiquitous throughout
13:
1:
5390:Werren, John; Mart R. Gross;
5276:. London: Chapman & Hall.
4998:– via genome.cshlp.org.
4719:Guangyi (13 September 2023).
4476:
2732:Skeleton of the angler fish,
461:. They are the most abundant
8150:List of transitional fossils
5899:. paleos.com. Archived from
5412:10.1016/0022-5193(80)90182-4
4877:"Actinopterygii Klein, 1885"
4495:Science China Earth Sciences
3940:Subdivision Berycimorphaceae
3834:Division Paracanthomorphacea
3648:) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
3586:Cuvier 1817 sensu Hay 1929 (
3146:Thies & Waschkewitz 2015
2862:sensu Lund & Poplin 2002
1534:but also groups that became
1488:Neopterygii, which include:
1482:Actinopteri, which include:
1083:Campylomormyrus curvirostris
7:
6946:Appendicularia (larvaceans)
4675:Evolution & Development
4622:Evolution & Development
3990:Subdivision Percomorphaceae
3930:Division Euacanthomorphacea
3272:Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
3153:Arambourg & Bertin 1958
2766:
2221:is a subclass of primarily
1464:the teleosts in particular
10:
8920:
8428:Flying and gliding animals
8264:Fin and flipper locomotion
7430:Timeline of fish evolution
7373:denote paraphyletic groups
7252:Squamata (scaled reptiles)
6091:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa053
5725:"Fossilworks: Andreolepis"
5644:PLOS Currents Tree of Life
5150:10.1038/s41467-019-12644-1
5102:10.1007/s10228-023-00939-9
4745:10.1038/s41467-023-41309-3
4231:Ovalentaria incertae sedis
4023:Series Batrachoidimopharia
3862:Rosen & Patterson 1969
3836:sensu Grande et al. 2013 (
3407:Wiley & Johnson 2010 (
3397:Wiley & Johnson 2010 (
2702:about 50 million years ago
2214:
1409:
1337:sequential hermaphroditism
1273:is a poisonous species of
754:
361:
8605:
8539:
8478:
8418:
8321:
8310:
8239:
8184:
8158:
8118:Lists of prehistoric fish
8110:
8019:
7968:
7959:
7867:
7826:
7748:
7739:
7675:
7642:
7612:
7602:
7546:
7438:
7420:
7344:
7290:Crocodilia (crocodilians)
7261:
7246:Rhynchocephalia (tuatara)
7236:
7225:
7212:
7201:
7188:
7177:
7163:
7152:
7138:
7123:
7110:
7095:
7082:
7067:
7036:
7025:
6989:
6980:
6961:
6954:
6941:
6928:
6924:
6913:
6887:
6861:
6594:
6561:
6521:
6498:
6465:
6447:
6399:
6376:
6343:
6332:
6309:
6298:
6280:
6269:
6251:
6213:
6059:10.13140/RG.2.1.2130.1361
5963:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
5036:10.1038/s41559-020-1166-x
4536:Kardong, Kenneth (2015).
4515:10.1007/s11430-020-9794-8
4338:Eupercaria incertae sedis
4178:Betancur-Rodriguez 2013 (
4171:Carangaria incertae sedis
3602:(Greenwood et al. 1966) (
3389:Supercohort Clupeocephala
2953:Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
2835:Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
2437:Palaeoniscum freieslebeni
2012:
1987:
1980:
1952:
1945:
1913:
1903:
1871:
1861:
1792:
1772:
1765:
1742:
1735:
1710:
1703:
1680:
1670:
1660:
1622:
1615:
1583:
1576:
1494:Holostei, which include:
705:). In some fish like the
446:count, they dominate the
248:(sturgeon and paddlefish)
231:
226:
157:Scientific classification
155:
122:
34:
7351:Ascidiacea (sea squirts)
7143:Actinistia (coelacanths)
5950:BMC Evolutionary Biology
4795:10.3389/fphys.2020.00260
3996:sensu Miya et al. 2003;
3746:Infracohort Eurypterygia
3600:Cohort Euteleosteomorpha
3554:dourado / golden (genus
3282:Megacohort Elopocephalai
2904:Sallan & Coates 2013
2487:Thoracopterus magnificus
2133:) appear to be the most
1316:Three-spined stickleback
1152:extended pipefish family
1079:freshwater elephant fish
1063:Saccopharynx ampullaceus
8176:Vertebrate paleontology
6901:Leptocardii (lancelets)
5915:Theodore Holmes Bullock
5603:10.1073/pnas.1206625109
5081:Ichthyological Research
4928:10.1073/pnas.2101780118
4782:Frontiers in Physiology
4224:Smith & Near 2012 (
3728:Infracohort Ateleopodia
3610:Subcohort Lepidogalaxii
3411:Greenwood et al. 1966)
3401:; Ostarioclupeomorpha)
3354:Greenwood et al. 1966)
3288:Greenwood et al. 1966)
3117:Grande & Bemis 1998
2610:Nematonotus longispinus
2588:Yanosteus longidorsalis
2462:Bobasatrania canadensis
1497:Lepisosteiformes (gars)
1324:Alexander Francis Lydon
1219:The hoodwinker sunfish
1200:Exocoetus obtusirostris
425:thrust-to-weight ratios
348:
8567:Terrestrial locomotion
8511:Evolution of cetaceans
8506:Origin of avian flight
8491:Evolution of tetrapods
7055:Hyperoartia (lampreys)
5576:; et al. (2012).
5310:10.1098/rstb.2001.0930
4228:sensu Li et al. 2009)
4126:Series Carangimopharia
4076:Series Scombrimopharia
4004:Series Ophidiimopharia
3904:Pattersonichthyiformes
3439:Subcohort Alepocephali
2821:Grogan & Lund 2015
2763:
2750:
2739:
2725:
2703:
2682:
2660:
2638:
2613:
2591:
2569:
2544:
2519:
2490:
2465:
2440:
2415:
2390:
2387:Elonichthys peltigerus
2365:
2362:Cheirolepis canadensis
1612:Jawed vertebrates
1407:
1356:internal fertilization
1327:
1320:Gasterosteus aculeatus
911:Elongated bristlemouth
681:, which just like the
663:
658:, external genitalia (
476:environments from the
149:
8835:Paleobiology Database
8582:Undulatory locomotion
8531:Homologous structures
5225:; Mank, J.E. (2009).
5130:Nature Communications
4978:10.1101/gr.276953.122
4725:Nature Communications
4669:(25 September 2020).
4577:John Wiley & Sons
4542:McGraw-Hill Education
4222:Subseries Ovalentaria
4132:Subseries Anabantaria
3897:Division Polymixiacea
3780:Subsection Myctophata
3774:Section Ctenosquamata
3361:Chang & Chou 1977
2756:
2745:
2731:
2709:
2688:
2666:
2644:
2619:
2597:
2575:
2550:
2525:
2496:
2471:
2446:
2421:
2396:
2371:
2346:
2323:ampullae of Lorenzini
1514:below shows the main
1406:
1314:
1103:Acipenser oxyrhynchus
755:Further information:
523:
423:, providing superior
148:
8734:Fauna Europaea (new)
8526:Analogous structures
8521:Convergent evolution
8171:Transitional fossils
7810:Pseudopetalichthyida
7271:Testudines (turtles)
6158:at Wikimedia Commons
6129:In Nelson and ITIS,
5903:on 25 December 2010.
5373:Clutton-Brock, T. H.
4599:(Davis, Brian 2010).
4413:and mandarin fishes)
4166:Subseries Carangaria
4042:Series Gobiomopharia
3959:Stephanoberyciformes
3807:Division Lampridacea
3711:marine hatchetfishes
3350:sensu Arratia 1999 (
3003:Berg 1940 (includes
2958:Phanerorhynchiformes
2918:Guildayichthyiformes
2812:Discordichthyiformes
2679:Amphistium paradoxum
2412:Aeduella blainvillei
1625:Cartilaginous fishes
1040:Ogcocephalus notatus
393:made of webbings of
8577:Rotating locomotion
8516:Comparative anatomy
7365:Reptilia (reptiles)
7073:(jawed vertebrates)
6467:Protacanthopterygii
6457:Lepidogalaxiiformes
5594:2012PNAS..10913698N
5588:(34): 13698–13703.
5454:1981EnvBF...6..223B
5359:10.5061/dryad.vc8h5
5272:Pitcher, T (1993).
5142:2019NatCo..10.4625X
5093:2024IchtR..71....1K
5028:2020NatEE...4..841D
4919:2021PNAS..11801780D
4845:10.1093/iob/obac044
4737:2023NatCo..14.5630Z
4573:Fishes of the World
4544:. pp. 99–100.
4507:2021ScChD..64.1784Z
3936:Gouan 1770 sensu])
3860:Sphenocephaliformes
3630:Protacanthopterygii
3616:Lepidogalaxiiformes
3416:Ellimmichthyiformes
3344:sensu Arratia 1999
3278:de Pinna 1996 s.s.
3250:Dorsetichthyiformes
3223:Araripichthyiformes
3198:Aspidorhynchiformes
3108:Parasemionotiformes
3027:Pholidopleuriformes
2869:Andrews et al. 1967
2847:Rhadinichthyiformes
2840:Paramblypteriformes
2735:Lophius piscatorius
2144:actinopterygian is
2140:The earliest known
2092:('bony fish')
1540:whales and dolphins
1536:secondarily aquatic
1500:Amiiformes (bowfin)
1018:Hawaiian turkeyfish
1005:are ray-finned fish
878:The four-eyed fish
482:subterranean waters
8899:Silurian bony fish
8496:Evolution of birds
8249:Aquatic locomotion
7859:Ischnacanthiformes
7707:Cephalaspidomorphi
7217:Mammalia (mammals)
7129:(lobe-finned fish)
7101:(bony vertebrates)
6684:Cyprinodontiformes
6609:Trachichthyiformes
6563:Paracanthopterygii
6414:Alepocephaliformes
6208:orders by subclass
5852:Biological Reviews
5760:Biological Reviews
5754:(3 October 2022).
5515:Biological Reviews
5462:10.1007/BF00002788
5231:Sexual Development
4266:Cyprinodontiformes
3911:Ctenothrissiformes
3838:Paracanthopterygii
3686:Subcohort Stomiati
3469:Sorbininardiformes
3462:Section Anotophysa
3445:Alepocephaliformes
3270:Ichthyodectiformes
3263:Crossognathiformes
3243:Pholidophoriformes
3182:Prohaleciteiformes
3062:Louwoichthyiformes
2964:Bobasatraniiformes
2833:Cheirolepidiformes
2764:
2751:
2740:
2726:
2704:
2695:Priscacara serrata
2683:
2661:
2639:
2635:Thrissops formosus
2614:
2592:
2570:
2566:Pachycormus curtus
2545:
2541:Aspidorhynchus sp.
2520:
2515:sp., the earliest
2491:
2466:
2441:
2416:
2391:
2366:
2225:fish showing some
1852:(lobe‑fins)
1408:
1350:Most families use
1328:
1270:Lactoria fornasini
785:deeply forked tail
677:. Except from the
664:
572:Weberian apparatus
150:
8876:
8875:
8822:Open Tree of Life
8599:Taxon identifiers
8590:
8589:
8547:Animal locomotion
8486:Evolution of fish
8366:facultative biped
8191:
8190:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8033:Palaeonisciformes
7981:Onychodontiformes
7938:Petalodontiformes
7932:Iniopterygiformes
7895:Phoebodontiformes
7883:Ctenacanthiformes
7853:Diplacanthiformes
7735:
7734:
7508:Myllokunmingiidae
7414:Evolution of fish
7380:
7379:
7362:³orders of class
7348:¹orders of class
7340:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7168:Dipnoi (lungfish)
7063:
7062:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7008:
6909:
6908:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6779:Tetraodontiformes
6734:Chaetodontiformes
6669:Pleuronectiformes
6624:Batrachoidiformes
6386:Osteoglossiformes
6378:Osteoglossomorpha
6154:Media related to
6135:Gasterosteiformes
5930:978-0-387-28275-6
5864:10.1111/brv.12161
5825:10.1643/CG-14-184
5772:10.1111/brv.12907
5527:10.1111/brv.12086
5511:Sallan, Lauren C.
5496:978-1-118-89139-1
5304:(1419): 269–281.
5243:10.1159/000223079
5208:978-0-03-030504-7
4687:10.1111/ede.12354
4634:10.1111/ede.12354
4586:978-1-118-34233-6
4569:Nelson, Joseph S.
4551:978-0-07-802302-6
4501:(10): 1784–1797.
4418:Gasterosteiformes
4392:Tetraodontiformes
4332:Series Eupercaria
4210:Pleuronectiformes
4030:Batrachoidiformes
3381:Osteoglossiformes
3352:Osteoglossomorpha
3257:Leptolepidiformes
3069:Peltopleuriformes
2994:Chondrosteiformes
2971:Saurichthyiformes
2951:Elonichthyiformes
2874:Haplolepidiformes
2853:Palaeonisciformes
2534:aspidorhynchiform
2341:
2340:
2210:Atlantic sturgeon
2147:Andreolepis hedei
2114:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2035:
2034:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1563:millions of years
1412:Evolution of fish
881:Anableps anableps
761:Diversity of fish
282:
281:
259:(bowfin and gars)
222:
16:(Redirected from
8911:
8869:
8868:
8856:
8855:
8843:
8842:
8830:
8829:
8817:
8816:
8807:
8806:
8794:
8793:
8781:
8780:
8768:
8767:
8755:
8754:
8742:
8741:
8729:
8728:
8716:
8715:
8703:
8702:
8690:
8689:
8677:
8676:
8667:
8666:
8654:
8653:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8594:
8593:
8557:Robot locomotion
8331:Limb development
8316:
8289:Lobe-finned fish
8218:
8211:
8204:
8195:
8194:
8166:Prehistoric life
8077:Pycnodontiformes
8075:
8060:Acipenseriformes
8030:
7997:
7979:
7966:
7965:
7829:
7774:Brindabellaspida
7751:
7746:
7745:
7689:Pteraspidomorphi
7678:
7645:
7610:
7609:
7594:
7593:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7552:
7533:
7522:
7513:
7506:
7491:
7469:
7452:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7384:
7383:
7278:
7277:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7186:
7185:
7182:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7050:Myxini (hagfish)
7038:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7030:
6987:
6986:
6959:
6958:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6889:
6888:
6846:
6839:
6832:
6823:
6822:
6789:Centrarchiformes
6764:Priacanthiformes
6759:Scatophagiformes
6714:Uranoscopiformes
6659:Istiophoriformes
6649:Synbranchiformes
6614:Holocentriformes
6581:Stylephoriformes
6533:Ateleopodiformes
6419:Gonorynchiformes
6363:Notacanthiformes
6341:
6340:
6337:
6319:Lepisosteiformes
6307:
6306:
6303:
6290:Acipenseriformes
6278:
6277:
6274:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6166:Data related to
6165:
6153:
6138:
6127:
6121:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6093:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5996:"Actinopterygii"
5992:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5965:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5920:Electroreception
5911:
5905:
5904:
5893:
5884:
5883:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5783:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5659:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5615:
5605:
5570:
5557:
5556:
5538:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5289:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5237:(2–3): 152–163.
5219:
5213:
5212:
5196:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5169:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5104:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5055:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4972:(9): 1685–1697.
4957:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4797:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4756:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4609:
4600:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4486:
4407:Centrarchiformes
4176:Istiophoriformes
4152:(Labyrinthici) (
4139:Synbranchiformes
3978:Holocentriformes
3880:Miya et al. 2007
3878:Stylephoriformes
3840:Greenwood 1937)
3734:Ateleopodiformes
3488:Section Otophysa
3476:Gonorynchiformes
3405:Subcohort Clupei
3395:Cohort Otomorpha
3315:Notacanthiformes
3229:Ligulelliiformes
3205:Pachycormiformes
3158:Lepisosteiformes
3083:Pycnodontiformes
3048:Polzbergiiformes
3041:Platysiagiformes
3034:Redfieldiiformes
3001:Acipenseriformes
2867:Ptycholepiformes
2819:Paphosisciformes
2775:(indicated by a
2719:
2692:
2676:
2654:
2632:
2628:ichthyodectiform
2626:
2607:
2585:
2563:
2557:
2538:
2532:
2509:
2505:prohaleciteiform
2503:
2484:
2478:
2459:
2455:bobasatraniiform
2453:
2434:
2428:
2409:
2403:
2384:
2378:
2359:
2355:cheirolepidiform
2353:
2319:electroreception
2299:
2235:Acipenseriformes
2219:(cartilage bone)
2207:
2195:
2194:
2081:
2058:
2044:
2026:
2015:Lepisosteiformes
2001:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1931:
1916:Acipenseriformes
1906:
1905:
1889:
1864:
1863:
1810:
1781:
1768:
1767:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1721:
1720:
1706:
1705:
1689:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1646:
1645:
1618:
1617:
1601:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1546:from a group of
1392:mangrove rivulus
1377:
1291:(along with the
1285:
1265:
1246:
1237:
1216:
1203:has specialized
1190:
1176:
1162:
1144:
1121:
1094:
1074:
1051:
1028:
1014:
999:
985:
966:
952:
936:
921:
907:
893:
875:
853:
830:
811:
795:
777:
687:lobe-finned fish
614:: gall bladder,
486:mountain streams
375:actinopterygians
365:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
217:
165:
164:
127:
117:
54:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8889:Ray-finned fish
8879:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8864:
8859:
8851:
8846:
8838:
8833:
8825:
8820:
8812:
8810:
8802:
8797:
8789:
8784:
8776:
8771:
8763:
8758:
8750:
8745:
8737:
8732:
8724:
8719:
8711:
8706:
8698:
8693:
8685:
8680:
8672:
8670:
8662:
8657:
8649:
8644:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8601:
8591:
8586:
8535:
8501:Origin of birds
8474:
8414:
8336:Limb morphology
8317:
8308:
8294:Ray-finned fish
8259:Fish locomotion
8235:
8222:
8192:
8187:
8180:
8154:
8098:
8046:Polypteriformes
8015:
8009:Tetrapodomorpha
7955:
7889:Hybodontiformes
7863:
7840:Acanthodiformes
7822:
7731:
7671:
7661:Paraconodontida
7638:
7606:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7588:
7566:
7554:
7544:
7463:Cephalochordate
7434:
7416:
7411:
7381:
7376:
7356:²subclasses of
7300:
7276:
7257:
7226:
7221:
7202:
7197:
7178:
7173:
7153:
7148:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7119:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7091:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7059:
7026:
7005:
7000:Aplousobranchia
6976:
6966:Stolidobranchia
6950:
6932:
6931:
6914:
6905:
6893:Cephalochordata
6883:
6857:
6850:
6820:
6803:
6799:Scorpaeniformes
6739:Acanthuriformes
6699:Gobiesociformes
6639:Syngnathiformes
6596:Acanthopterygii
6590:
6557:
6553:Polymixiiformes
6517:
6494:
6475:Argentiniformes
6461:
6443:
6395:
6372:
6333:
6328:
6299:
6294:
6270:
6265:
6261:Polypteriformes
6247:
6209:
6202:
6146:
6141:
6131:Syngnathiformes
6128:
6124:
6114:Polypteriformes
6111:
6107:
6070:
6066:
6045:
6041:
6031:
6029:
6018:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5942:
5938:
5931:
5912:
5908:
5895:
5894:
5887:
5844:
5840:
5819:(4): 999–1025.
5809:
5805:
5748:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5695:
5691:
5636:
5629:
5571:
5560:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5481:
5477:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5388:
5384:
5370:
5366:
5339:
5335:
5290:
5281:
5270:
5266:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5187:
5183:
5122:
5118:
5073:
5069:
5007:
5003:
4966:Genome Research
4958:
4954:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4825:
4821:
4774:
4770:
4716:
4712:
4663:
4659:
4610:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4534:
4530:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4429:Scorpaeniformes
4318:Gobiesociformes
4309:Springer 1993 (
4226:Stiassnyiformes
4103:flying gurnards
4083:Syngnathiformes
3934:Acanthopterygii
3918:Polymixiiformes
3887:Goodrich 1909 (
3638:Argentiniformes
3532:Goodrich 1909 (
3359:Lycopteriformes
3317:Goodrich 1909 (
3236:Tselfatiiformes
3174:Teleosteomorpha
3151:Semionotiformes
3115:Ionoscopiformes
2946:Cope 1972 s.s.
2925:Polypteriformes
2895:Dorypteriformes
2888:Platysomiformes
2826:Scanilepiformes
2769:
2762:
2722:Nerophis zapfei
2672:pleuronectiform
2497:Fossils of the
2430:palaeonisciform
2380:elonichthyiform
2304:
2302:Atlantic salmon
2247:Polypteriformes
2212:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2036:
1971:
1968:
1874:Polypteriformes
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1715:
1640:
1586:Jaw-less fishes
1414:
1401:
1372:Middle Triassic
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1277:
1266:
1257:
1238:
1229:
1217:
1208:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1126:ambush predator
1122:
1113:
1095:
1086:
1075:
1066:
1052:
1043:
1029:
1020:
1015:
1006:
1003:European conger
1000:
991:
986:
977:
967:
958:
953:
944:
937:
928:
922:
913:
908:
899:
894:
885:
876:
867:
854:
845:
831:
822:
812:
803:
796:
787:
778:
763:
753:
741:paleopolyploidy
530:
518:
516:Characteristics
484:to the highest
466:aquatic animals
429:chondrichthyian
371:ray-finned fish
292:
288:
263:Teleosteomorpha
216:
159:
151:
147:
125:
118:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
39:
36:
35:Ray-finned fish
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8917:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8870:
8857:
8844:
8831:
8818:
8808:
8795:
8782:
8769:
8756:
8743:
8730:
8721:Fauna Europaea
8717:
8704:
8691:
8678:
8668:
8664:Actinopterygii
8655:
8651:Actinopterygii
8642:
8637:Actinopterygii
8627:
8611:
8609:
8607:Actinopterygii
8603:
8602:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8482:
8480:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8465:Pterosaur wing
8462:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8435:
8430:
8424:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8333:
8327:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8254:Cephalopod fin
8251:
8245:
8243:
8237:
8236:
8221:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8198:
8189:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8114:
8112:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8037:
8036:
8025:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7999:Porolepiformes
7988:
7983:
7974:
7972:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7951:
7946:
7944:Symmoriiformes
7940:
7934:
7928:
7926:Eugeneodontida
7916:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7891:
7885:
7877:Elasmobranchii
7873:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7846:Climatiiformes
7842:
7835:
7833:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7804:Acanthothoraci
7800:
7794:
7788:
7782:
7780:Petalichthyida
7776:
7770:
7764:
7757:
7755:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7721:
7715:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7684:
7682:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7654:Protoconodonta
7649:
7647:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7624:
7618:
7616:
7607:
7600:
7599:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7529:
7525:Myllokunmingia
7502:
7497:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7444:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7410:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7387:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7368:
7360:
7354:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7298:
7293:
7286:
7284:
7275:
7274:
7267:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7249:
7242:
7240:
7231:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7189:
7183:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7164:
7158:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7139:
7133:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7111:
7105:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7083:
7077:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7046:
7044:
7031:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6997:
6994:Phlebobranchia
6990:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6962:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6942:
6936:
6919:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6897:
6895:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6849:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6826:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6784:Pempheriformes
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6679:Atheriniformes
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6654:Anabantiformes
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6571:Percopsiformes
6567:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6543:Myctophiformes
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6524:incertae sedis
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6391:Hiodontiformes
6388:
6382:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6368:Anguilliformes
6365:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6338:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6304:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6275:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6206:Actinopterygii
6201:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6170:at Wikispecies
6168:Actinopterygii
6159:
6156:Actinopterygii
6145:
6144:External links
6142:
6140:
6139:
6122:
6105:
6084:(2): 375–394.
6064:
6039:
6012:
5987:
5936:
5929:
5906:
5885:
5858:(1): 106–147.
5838:
5803:
5766:(1): 284–315.
5742:
5716:
5705:(2): 165–223.
5689:
5666:2027.42/150563
5627:
5574:Thomas J. Near
5558:
5536:2027.42/109271
5521:(4): 950–971.
5502:
5495:
5475:
5448:(2): 223–251.
5432:
5406:(4): 619–631.
5382:
5364:
5333:
5279:
5264:
5214:
5207:
5181:
5116:
5067:
5022:(6): 841–852.
5001:
4952:
4893:
4868:
4839:(1): obac044.
4819:
4768:
4710:
4681:(5): 384–402.
4657:
4628:(5): 384–402.
4601:
4592:
4585:
4557:
4550:
4528:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4435:and relatives)
4425:
4424:and relatives)
4414:
4409:Bleeker 1859 (
4403:
4388:
4377:
4366:
4351:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4314:
4303:
4292:
4277:
4262:
4251:Atheriniformes
4247:
4246:, leaf fishes)
4244:Convict blenny
4232:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:Bleeker 1859 (
4206:
4199:Jack mackerels
4191:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4150:Anabantiformes
4146:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4106:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:(Sleepers and
4060:
4057:cardinalfishes
4039:
4038:
4037:
4020:
4019:
4018:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:Cetomimiformes
3955:pineconefishes
3927:
3926:
3925:
3914:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3881:
3874:
3863:
3856:
3845:Percopsiformes
3831:
3830:
3829:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3786:Myctophiformes
3771:
3770:
3769:
3752:Section Aulopa
3743:
3742:
3741:
3738:jellynose fish
3716:
3715:
3714:
3699:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:Bleeker 1859 (
3670:
3655:
3649:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:salamanderfish
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3580:
3565:
3526:
3490:Garstang 1931
3485:
3484:
3483:
3472:
3458:Sagemehl 1885
3450:
3449:
3448:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3425:Bleeker 1859 (
3419:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3366:Hiodontiformes
3362:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3330:Anguilliformes
3326:
3311:
3304:
3295:Gosline 1960 (
3273:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3190:Aspidorhynchei
3185:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3154:
3147:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3111:
3086:
3079:
3076:Luganoiiformes
3072:
3065:
3058:
3055:Perleidiformes
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3014:
3013:
3012:
2997:
2996:Aldinger, 1937
2990:
2987:Birgeriiformes
2974:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2927:Bleeker 1859 (
2921:
2905:
2902:Eurynotiformes
2898:
2891:
2884:
2881:Aeduelliformes
2877:
2870:
2863:
2860:Tarrasiiformes
2856:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2828:Selezneya 1985
2822:
2815:
2808:
2807:Schaeffer 1968
2781:taxonomic rank
2768:
2765:
2757:
2710:Fossil of the
2667:Fossil of the
2645:Fossil of the
2620:Fossil of the
2598:Fossil of the
2581:acipenseriform
2576:Fossil of the
2559:pachycormiform
2551:Fossil of the
2526:Fossil of the
2517:teleosteomorph
2472:Fossil of the
2447:Fossil of the
2422:Fossil of the
2397:Fossil of the
2372:Fossil of the
2347:Fossil of the
2339:
2338:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2119:sister lineage
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1858:Actinopterygii
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1557:. Approximate
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1400:
1397:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1001:
994:
992:
987:
980:
978:
968:
961:
959:
954:
947:
945:
938:
931:
929:
923:
916:
914:
909:
902:
900:
895:
888:
886:
877:
870:
868:
855:
848:
846:
832:
825:
823:
813:
806:
804:
797:
790:
788:
779:
772:
769:
768:
767:
752:
749:
722:leptoid scales
524:
517:
514:
285:Actinopterygii
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
260:
249:
238:
229:
228:
224:
223:
214:Actinopterygii
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
153:
152:
123:
120:
119:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8916:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8867:
8862:
8858:
8854:
8849:
8845:
8841:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8809:
8805:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8774:
8770:
8766:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8735:
8731:
8727:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8669:
8665:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8647:
8643:
8638:
8632:
8628:
8623:
8617:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8608:
8604:
8600:
8595:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8315:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8299:Pectoral fins
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8219:
8214:
8212:
8207:
8205:
8200:
8199:
8196:
8183:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8157:
8151:
8148:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8133:cartilaginous
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8109:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7971:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7939:
7935:
7933:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7870:
7869:Cartilaginous
7866:
7860:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7832:
7825:
7818:
7817:Stensioellida
7814:
7811:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7793:
7792:Ptyctodontida
7789:
7787:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7726:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7674:
7668:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7641:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7595:
7592:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7551:
7538:
7537:
7536:Zhongxiniscus
7530:
7527:
7526:
7518:
7517:
7516:Haikouichthys
7509:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7449:
7448:
7447:Basal member
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7415:
7408:
7403:
7401:
7396:
7394:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7359:
7358:Sarcopterygii
7355:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7263:Archelosauria
7260:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7224:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7176:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7151:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7126:Sarcopterygii
7122:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7094:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7070:Gnathostomata
7066:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7024:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6933:(Urochordata)
6927:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6912:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6880:
6879:Deuterostomia
6876:
6874:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6840:
6835:
6833:
6828:
6827:
6824:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:Lutjaniformes
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6729:Ephippiformes
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6704:Blenniiformes
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6664:Carangiformes
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6644:Scombriformes
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Ophidiiformes
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6485:Salmoniformes
6483:
6481:
6480:Galaxiiformes
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6449:Lepidogalaxii
6446:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6434:Gymnotiformes
6432:
6430:
6429:Characiformes
6427:
6425:
6424:Cypriniformes
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6240:
6238:
6237:Gnathostomata
6234:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6207:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6187:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6169:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6068:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6043:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5983:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5932:
5926:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5890:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5650:(Edition 1).
5649:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5632:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5392:Richard Shine
5386:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5347:Palaeontology
5344:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5210:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5185:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4606:
4596:
4588:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4553:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4481:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4383:Garman 1899 (
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4307:Blenniiformes
4304:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4259:rainbowfishes
4256:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4195:Carangiformes
4192:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4110:Scombriformes
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4053:Nurseryfishes
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4011:Ophidiiformes
4008:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3982:Soldierfishes
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:trout-perches
3850:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3800:Acanthomorpha
3796:
3791:
3790:lanternfishes
3787:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3707:bristlemouths
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:Salmoniformes
3656:
3654:
3653:Galaxiiformes
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3573:electric eels
3570:
3569:Gymnotiformes
3566:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:hatchetfishes
3539:
3535:
3531:
3530:Characiformes
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:Cypriniformes
3492:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3447:Marshall 1962
3446:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:Dapediiformes
3141:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3050:Griffith 1977
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2982:Müller, 1844
2981:
2980:
2975:
2973:Aldinger 1937
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2890:Aldinger 1937
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:Asarotiformes
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2715:syngnathiform
2713:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2374:Carboniferous
2370:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2332:
2331:Gymnotiformes
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:cartilaginous
2220:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2182:Pholidophorus
2178:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:Late Silurian
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1667:Sarcopterygii
1665:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:). Tetrapods
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Acanthomorpha
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:. During the
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1368:ovoviviparity
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1254:filter-feeder
1251:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:pectoral fins
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:Belone belone
1130:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:cartilaginous
1105:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1004:
998:
993:
990:
989:Giant oarfish
984:
979:
975:
972:are the most
971:
965:
960:
957:
951:
946:
942:
935:
930:
926:
920:
915:
912:
906:
901:
898:
892:
887:
883:
882:
874:
869:
866:
862:
858:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
829:
824:
820:
816:
810:
805:
801:
794:
789:
786:
782:
776:
771:
770:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
737:
735:
734:ganoid scales
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
522:
513:
511:
507:
506:
501:
497:
496:ocean sunfish
493:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Sarcopterygii
410:
406:
405:
404:lepidotrichia
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
356:Ancient Greek
353:
352:
351:
343:
286:
269:
266:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
230:
225:
220:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
154:
121:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
46:
42:
41:Late Silurian
33:
30:
19:
8894:Fish classes
8606:
8293:
8123:spiny sharks
8082:Halecomorphi
8020:
7901:Xenacanthida
7786:Phyllolepida
7719:Pituriaspida
7680:Ostracoderms
7614:Cyclostomata
7604:Jawless fish
7553:
7534:
7523:
7514:
7492:
7470:
7453:
7370:
7363:
7349:
7296:Aves (birds)
7238:Lepidosauria
7114:
7098:Euteleostomi
7042:Cyclostomata
6877:Superphylum
6774:Lophiiformes
6769:Caproiformes
6749:Lobotiformes
6724:Moroniformes
6709:Gerreiformes
6694:Mugiliformes
6689:Beloniformes
6674:Cichliformes
6604:Beryciformes
6548:Lampriformes
6538:Aulopiformes
6522:
6513:Stomiiformes
6508:Osmeriformes
6439:Siluriformes
6409:Clupeiformes
6358:Albuliformes
6243:Osteichthyes
6235:Infraphylum
6205:
6125:
6108:
6081:
6077:
6067:
6049:
6042:
6030:. Retrieved
6015:
6003:. Retrieved
5990:
5953:
5949:
5939:
5919:
5909:
5901:the original
5855:
5851:
5841:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5763:
5759:
5745:
5733:. Retrieved
5719:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5647:
5643:
5585:
5581:
5518:
5514:
5505:
5485:
5478:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5425:15 September
5423:. Retrieved
5403:
5399:
5385:
5376:
5367:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5301:
5297:
5273:
5267:
5234:
5230:
5217:
5192:
5184:
5133:
5129:
5119:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5019:
5015:
5004:
4969:
4965:
4955:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4886:20 September
4884:. Retrieved
4881:www.gbif.org
4880:
4871:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4728:
4724:
4713:
4678:
4674:
4660:
4625:
4621:
4595:
4572:
4540:. New York:
4537:
4531:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4442:Bleeker 1859
4422:Sticklebacks
4394:Regan 1929 (
4385:Anglerfishes
4381:Lophiiformes
4370:Caproiformes
4363:Parrotfishes
4344:Gerreiformes
4331:
4296:Mugiliformes
4285:flyingfishes
4281:Beloniformes
4253:Rosen 1964 (
4236:Cichliformes
4221:
4165:
4131:
4125:
4099:cornetfishes
4075:
4041:
4022:
4003:
3998:Acanthopteri
3989:
3970:
3947:Beryciformes
3939:
3929:
3906:Gaudant 1976
3896:
3869:Regan 1909 (
3833:
3826:ribbonfishes
3816:Regan 1909 (
3814:Lampriformes
3806:
3797:
3788:Regan 1911 (
3779:
3773:
3766:lancetfishes
3760:Rosen 1973 (
3758:Aulopiformes
3751:
3745:
3727:
3724:Nelson 1969
3721:Neoteleostei
3718:
3705:Regan 1909 (
3703:Stomiiformes
3692:Osmeriformes
3685:
3627:
3609:
3599:
3584:Siluriformes
3555:
3538:pencilfishes
3487:
3478:Regan 1909 (
3471:Taverne 1999
3461:
3455:Ostariophysi
3452:
3438:
3423:Clupeiformes
3409:Clupeomorpha
3404:
3394:
3388:
3347:
3341:
3308:Albuliformes
3281:
3276:Teleocephala
3275:
3265:Taverne 1989
3231:Taverne 2011
3213:
3200:Bleeker 1859
3187:
3184:Arratia 2017
3172:
3133:
3101:Halecomorphi
3097:
3094:Müller 1844
3089:
3016:
3009:paddlefishes
2976:
2940:
2913:Pander 1860
2907:
2876:Westoll 1944
2770:
2759:Blue catfish
2733:
2720:
2700:Lower Eocene
2693:
2677:
2657:Mene oblonga
2655:
2633:
2608:
2586:
2564:
2539:
2512:Prohalecites
2510:
2485:
2480:perleidiform
2460:
2435:
2410:
2405:aeduelliform
2385:
2360:
2310:
2243:paddlefishes
2231:paraphyletic
2227:ossification
2218:
2180:
2176:Prohalecites
2174:
2145:
2139:
2116:
2013:
1988:
1953:
1924:paddlefishes
1914:
1872:
1857:
1793:
1773:
1743:
1711:
1681:
1657:Euteleostomi
1623:
1584:
1509:
1474:
1415:
1389:
1378:
1354:rather than
1349:
1329:
1319:
1307:Reproduction
1268:
1249:Leedsichthys
1247:
1220:
1198:
1131:
1111:endoskeleton
1101:
1081:
1061:
1038:
879:
764:
738:
711:
671:swim bladder
668:
665:
643:
635:
631:
628:ventral fins
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
591:
590:: nostrils,
587:
583:
575:
567:
564:swim bladder
559:
555:
552:lateral line
547:
539:
531:
505:Leedsichthys
503:
489:
437:
433:articulation
417:folding fans
402:
374:
370:
366:
359:
347:
284:
283:
213:
204:Osteichthyes
200:Superclass:
29:
8760:iNaturalist
8631:Wikispecies
8460:Insect wing
8410:Webbed foot
8351:unguligrade
8346:plantigrade
8341:digitigrade
8143:lobe-finned
8069:Neopterygii
8055:Chondrostei
7991:Rhipidistia
7970:Lobe-finned
7920:Holocephali
7725:Osteostraci
7627:Hyperoartia
7472:Cathaymyrus
7440:Forerunners
7282:Archosauria
7155:Rhipidistia
6871:(unranked)
6794:Perciformes
6754:Spariformes
6719:Labriformes
6634:Gobiiformes
6629:Kurtiformes
6490:Esociformes
6353:Elopiformes
6345:Elopomorpha
6301:Neopterygii
6282:Chondrostei
6272:Actinopteri
6241:Superclass
6112:In Nelson,
5353:: 559–574.
5343:Saurichthys
5223:Avise, J.C.
5136:(1): 4625.
5087:(1): 1–12.
4731:(1): 5630.
4667:McCune, Amy
4614:McCune, Amy
4440:Perciformes
4355:Labriformes
4322:Clingfishes
4320:Gill 1872 (
4298:Berg 1940 (
4283:Berg 1940 (
4274:killifishes
4270:livebearers
4268:Berg 1940 (
4255:silversides
4184:swordfishes
4064:Gobiiformes
4049:Kurtiformes
4015:pearlfishes
3994:Percomorpha
3922:beardfishes
3920:Lowe 1838 (
3847:Berg 1937 (
3798:Subsection
3776:Rosen 1973
3762:Bombay duck
3748:Rosen 1973
3674:Esociformes
3604:Euteleostei
3577:knifefishes
3571:Berg 1940 (
3418:Grande 1982
3293:Elopiformes
3286:Elopomorpha
3238:Nelson 1994
3212:Infraclass
3110:Lehman 1966
3088:Infraclass
3078:Lehman 1958
3071:Lehman 1966
3043:Brough 1939
3019:Neopterygii
2989:Heyler 1969
2979:Chondrostei
2943:Actinopteri
2883:Heyler 1969
2842:Heyler 1969
2814:Minikh 1998
2698:) from the
2650:carangiform
2308:Neopterygii
2291:Neopterygii
2216:Chondrostei
2199:Chondrostei
2123:Elopomorpha
1942:Neopterygii
1910:Chondrostei
1900:Actinopteri
1700:Rhipidistia
1683:Coelacanths
1573:Vertebrates
1550:during the
1466:diversified
1434:Neopterygii
1430:Neopterygii
1426:Chondrostei
1422:Actinopteri
1385:"preadapts"
1380:Saurichthys
1374:species of
1207:for gliding
1195:flying fish
1166:Mirror dory
1150:are in the
897:Lanternfish
865:pelvic fins
836:have three
656:adipose fin
610:: stomach,
491:Paedocypris
457:species of
421:wetted area
346:; from
252:Neopterygii
246:Chondrostei
241:Actinopteri
227:Subclasses
50:425–0
8883:Categories
8388:Cephalopod
8304:Pelvic fin
8274:Dorsal fin
8269:Caudal fin
8128:placoderms
8087:Ginglymodi
8021:Ray-finned
7986:Coelacanth
7831:Acanthodii
7768:Arthrodira
7753:Placoderms
7741:Jawed fish
7713:Galeaspida
7695:Thelodonti
7494:Haikouella
7485:Olfactores
7028:Vertebrata
6982:Enterogona
6916:Olfactores
6586:Gadiformes
6401:Otocephala
6324:Amiiformes
6231:Vertebrata
6229:Subphylum
6022:"FishBase"
5956:(1): 162.
5752:Giles, Sam
4477:References
4433:Lionfishes
4400:pufferfish
4396:Filefishes
4374:Boarfishes
4289:ricefishes
4214:flatfishes
4188:billfishes
4158:snakeheads
4143:swamp eels
4091:pipefishes
4034:toadfishes
3951:fangtooths
3885:Gadiformes
3849:cavefishes
3719:Subcohort
3646:slickheads
3642:barreleyes
3628:Subcohort
3511:goldfishes
3480:milkfishes
3453:Subcohort
3399:Otocephala
3323:spiny eels
3297:ladyfishes
3160:Hay 1929 (
3139:Cope 1871
3137:Ginglymodi
3122:Amiiformes
2933:reedfishes
2622:Cretaceous
2603:aulopiform
2600:Cretaceous
2578:Cretaceous
2311:(new fins)
2279:caudal fin
2251:reedfishes
2245:) and the
2137:teleosts.
1990:Amiiformes
1882:reedfishes
1795:Sauropsids
1745:Amphibians
1677:Actinistia
1559:divergence
1522:groups of
1458:Cretaceous
1410:See also:
1364:Viviparity
1227:caudal fin
1222:Mola tecta
1129:needlefish
941:anglerfish
745:Cyprinidae
716:; but all
660:gonopodium
648:caudal fin
618:: spleen,
558:: kidney,
536:dorsal fin
470:freshwater
451:Vertebrata
387:vertebrate
270:(teleosts)
18:Ray-finned
8479:Evolution
8438:Bird wing
8383:Arthropod
8376:quadruped
8186:† extinct
8041:Cladistia
7798:Rhenanida
7762:Antiarchi
7667:Conodonta
7646:Conodonts
7180:Tetrapoda
6873:Bilateria
6576:Zeiformes
6335:Teleostei
6253:Cladistia
6118:Cladistia
6100:0024-4082
6032:8 January
5798:241850484
5489:. Wiley.
5158:2041-1723
5111:1616-3915
5044:2397-334X
4523:236438229
4411:Sunfishes
4154:gouramies
4118:mackerels
4095:sea moths
4087:seahorses
3957:) (incl.
3913:Berg 1937
3867:Zeiformes
3588:catfishes
3534:characins
3431:anchovies
3319:halosaurs
3245:Berg 1940
3215:Teleostei
3207:Berg 1937
3188:Division
3085:Berg 1937
3057:Berg 1937
3036:Berg 1940
3029:Berg 1937
3017:Subclass
3005:sturgeons
2977:Subclass
2966:Berg 1940
2920:Lund 2000
2910:Cladistia
2897:Cope 1871
2335:catfishes
2283:Teleostei
2275:vertebrae
2271:spiracles
2259:Cladistia
2239:sturgeons
2187:Paleozoic
1955:Teleostei
1920:sturgeons
1868:Cladistia
1732:Tetrapods
1548:bony fish
1528:tetrapods
1512:cladogram
1442:Teleostei
1418:Cladistia
1360:oviparous
1358:. Of the
1345:Protandry
1341:protogyny
1180:Mahi-mahi
1148:Seahorses
956:Alfonsino
925:Fangtooth
842:anal fins
800:swordfish
634:: spine,
606:: heart,
586:: brain,
580:inner ear
508:from the
448:subphylum
383:bony fish
268:Teleostei
237:(bichirs)
235:Cladistia
180:Kingdom:
174:Eukaryota
8671:BioLib:
8616:Wikidata
8470:Wingspan
8453:feathers
8448:skeleton
8433:Bat wing
8393:Tetrapod
8279:Fish fin
8004:Lungfish
7949:Chimaera
7701:Anaspida
7500:Tunicate
7478:Lancelet
6930:Tunicata
6867:Animalia
6865:Kingdom
6854:chordate
6500:Stomiati
6311:Holostei
6225:Chordata
6219:Animalia
6217:Kingdom
6026:Archived
5982:28683774
5872:25431138
5833:85808890
5790:36192821
5781:10091770
5729:Archived
5684:23653398
5622:22869754
5553:24876484
5545:24612207
5470:19242013
5394:(1980).
5375:(1991).
5328:11958696
5259:22712745
5251:19684459
5176:31604932
5062:32231327
4996:35961774
4947:34301898
4863:36381998
4814:32395105
4763:37699889
4754:10497629
4705:33463017
4652:33463017
4616:(2020).
4571:(2016).
4348:Mojarras
4311:Blennies
4240:Cichlids
4203:pompanos
3556:Salminus
3546:piranhas
3523:rasboras
3427:herrings
3234:Order †?
3227:Order †?
3221:Order †?
3134:Division
3098:Division
3091:Holostei
2855:Hay 1902
2824:Order †?
2817:Order †?
2810:Order †?
2803:Order †?
2797:FishBase
2787:follows
2785:taxonomy
2767:Taxonomy
2761:skeleton
2553:Jurassic
2528:Jurassic
2499:Triassic
2474:Triassic
2449:Triassic
2349:Devonian
2321:and the
2168:Triassic
1977:Holostei
1799:reptiles
1713:Lungfish
1594:lampreys
1552:Devonian
1462:Cenozoic
1454:Jurassic
1450:Triassic
1446:Mesozoic
1438:Holostei
1352:external
1333:ontogeny
1297:Holostei
1242:Jurassic
1099:sturgeon
1056:deep sea
857:Flatfish
840:and two
819:tail fin
757:Fish fin
718:teleosts
707:arapaima
695:Holostei
675:buoyancy
646:: tail (
640:anal fin
544:fin rays
510:Jurassic
478:deep sea
463:nektonic
440:teleosts
367:(ptérux)
257:Holostei
194:Chordata
190:Phylum:
184:Animalia
170:Domain:
8622:Q127282
8540:Related
8398:dactyly
8284:Flipper
8159:Related
8092:Teleost
7632:Lamprey
7622:Hagfish
7371:italics
7204:Amniota
6856:classes
6852:Extant
6223:Phylum
6204:Extant
6005:3 April
5973:5501477
5880:5332637
5675:3644299
5613:3427055
5590:Bibcode
5450:Bibcode
5420:7382520
5319:1692951
5193:Zoology
5167:6789147
5138:Bibcode
5089:Bibcode
5053:7269910
5024:Bibcode
4987:9528989
4938:8325350
4915:Bibcode
4854:9652093
4805:7197331
4788:: 260.
4733:Bibcode
4696:8013215
4643:8013215
4503:Bibcode
4359:Wrasses
4300:mullets
4180:Marlins
3909:Order †
3902:Order †
3858:Order †
3818:oarfish
3519:minnows
3515:loaches
3467:Order †
3414:Order †
3374:goldeye
3370:mooneye
3357:Order †
3268:Order †
3261:Order †
3255:Order †
3248:Order †
3241:Order †
3203:Order †
3196:Order †
3180:Order †
3149:Order †
3142:Order †
3126:bowfins
3113:Order †
3106:Order †
3081:Order †
3074:Order †
3067:Order †
3064:Xu 2021
3060:Order †
3053:Order †
3046:Order †
3039:Order †
3032:Order †
3025:Order †
2992:Order †
2985:Order †
2969:Order †
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2773:extinct
2748:lingcod
2712:Miocene
2424:Permian
2399:Permian
2327:hagfish
2315:Permian
2255:bichirs
2164:Estonia
2131:tarpons
2080:400 mya
2057:360 mya
2043:275 mya
1994:bowfins
1969:310 mya
1878:bichirs
1775:Mammals
1762:Amniota
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1590:hagfish
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3171:Clade
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2941:Class
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2783:. The
2777:dagger
2669:Eocene
2647:Eocene
2267:scales
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2171:period
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