142:
2252:
3244:
3226:
1288:
3256:
423:
1295:
521:(dragonfishes and sea moths) are variously placed with the pipefish or the stickleback lineage. While the placement in Syngnathiformes seems to be correct for the latter, the former is possibly an actinopterygian order of its own. Following the convention of the major fish classification organizations (Fish Base, ITIS, Encyclopedia of Life), the Indostomidae are currently placed in the Gasterosteiformes.
113:
1215:
Kawahara Ryouka, Miya Masaki, Mabuchi Kohji, Lavoue Sébastien, Inoue Jun G., Satoh
Takashi P., Kawaguchi Akira, Nishida Mutsumi (2008). "Interrelationships of the 11 gasterosteiform families (sticklebacks, pipefishes, and their relatives): A new perspective based on mitogenome sequences from 75
373:(such as cryptic coloration and overall physical form) to hunt successfully and gain closer access to prey, as well as to protect themselves from larger predators. Several groups, for example, live among
1064:
377:, not only swimming with their bodies aligned vertically (to blend in with the floating plant matter) but have also developed physical features that mimic the seaweed. The
1151:"Re-description and phylogenetic relationships of † Protosyngnathus sumatrensis (Teleostei: Syngnathoidei), a freshwater pipefish from the Eocene of Sumatra, Indonesia"
510:
and their relatives. Better supported by the evidence now available is the traditional belief that they are better considered separate orders, and indeed among the
388:
The most defining characteristic of
Syngnathiformes is their reproductive and sexual system, in which syngnathid males become "pregnant" and carry the embryonic
1214:
1111:"The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018"
361:
These fishes have generally elongate, narrow bodies surrounded by a series of bony rings, with small, tubular mouths. The shape of their mouth—at least, in
2043:
925:
905:
2068:
2023:
899:
392:. The males house the fertilized eggs in an osmo-regulated brood pouch, or (in some species) adhere them to their tail, until the eggs reach maturity.
2093:
1252:
875:
869:
3442:
2053:
2038:
939:
2058:
961:
911:
3481:
1068:
1265:
Pietsch, T.W. (1978): Evolutionary relationships of the sea moths (Teleostei: Pegasidae) with a classification of gasterosteiform families.
2956:
2153:
1474:
2698:
3416:
1505:
3455:
1422:
1218:
3460:
1426:
465:. However, most recent studies have reaffirmed it being a syngnathiform. The second oldest syngnathiform is the syngnathoid
1083:
2525:
1093:
2555:
1457:
704:
Other authorities are of the view that without the inclusion of other taxa within
Syngnathiformes then the order is
3543:
3486:
3395:
3576:
3408:
2209:
2146:
251:
3468:
1376:"Phylogenomic analysis of a rapid radiation of misfit fishes (Syngnathiformes) using ultraconserved elements"
17:
531:(Dactylopteridae) and the Syngnathiformes have long been noted. Most authors, however, placed them with the
141:
3260:
2294:
1498:
1050:
3338:
3325:
2194:
2946:
2673:
2643:
2530:
2139:
3525:
3343:
3316:
3219:
3212:
3179:
2921:
2593:
2274:
1150:
3548:
3571:
3229:
2988:
3207:
3189:
2751:
2500:
2251:
1491:
1471:
1433:
McAllister D.E. (1968). "Evolution of branchiostegals and classification of teleostome fishes".
1374:
S.J. Longo; B.C. Faircloth; A. Meyer; M.W. Westneat; M.E. Alfaroe & P.C. Wainwright (2017).
3512:
3278:
3169:
2993:
2978:
2801:
2520:
2409:
853:
381:
are among the smallest of all syngnathids, with most being so tiny—and mimicking the specific
3507:
3199:
3184:
2693:
2510:
1246:
3535:
3499:
3447:
3364:
3194:
2490:
1483:
1319:
524:
8:
2983:
2926:
2726:
2613:
2402:
1776:
1447:
558:
The order as set out in the 5th
Edition of Fishes of the World is classified as follows:
1024:
991:
844:(2017) found that there were short distances between the groupings on the Syngnathiform
3330:
2565:
1993:
1918:
1872:
1723:
1405:
1348:
1321:
1110:
136:
3494:
3351:
2911:
2816:
2721:
2633:
2628:
2575:
2382:
2189:
2179:
2088:
1695:
1687:
1453:
1397:
1353:
1234:
1170:
1128:
1089:
1029:
1011:
503:
437:
1409:
2653:
2598:
2560:
2515:
2473:
2397:
2184:
2098:
2073:
1958:
1923:
1728:
1672:
1628:
1599:
1387:
1343:
1333:
1226:
1162:
1118:
1019:
1003:
949:
814:
677:
278:
1166:
3356:
2870:
2850:
2678:
2665:
2648:
2603:
2485:
2424:
2348:
2343:
2279:
2266:
2236:
2108:
2048:
2008:
1905:
1784:
887:
820:
691:
532:
511:
462:
407:
385:
they spend their lives on—that they were only recently described by scientists.
343:
339:
335:
241:
203:
3473:
1392:
1230:
3403:
3390:
3146:
3119:
3011:
3003:
2936:
2906:
2845:
2827:
2781:
2771:
2375:
2328:
1988:
1963:
1933:
1880:
1852:
1842:
1833:
1766:
1758:
1700:
1515:
1109:
Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16).
780:
730:
593:
528:
378:
183:
1338:
3565:
3301:
3248:
3151:
3065:
2885:
2860:
2855:
2811:
2806:
2761:
2756:
2736:
2608:
2387:
2306:
2013:
2003:
1973:
1953:
1928:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1546:
1478:
1373:
1174:
1132:
1015:
933:
919:
893:
881:
845:
793:
786:
671:
641:
635:
622:
587:
566:
552:
467:
427:
396:
389:
247:
193:
70:
1375:
3141:
2965:
2880:
2840:
2741:
2683:
2623:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2451:
2441:
2370:
2353:
2260:
2221:
2214:
2078:
2033:
2018:
1998:
1983:
1913:
1857:
1847:
1822:
1817:
1718:
1552:
1401:
1357:
1238:
1033:
992:"Syngnathoid Evolutionary History and the Conundrum of Fossil Misplacement"
766:
744:
737:
684:
647:
611:
600:
548:
540:
536:
233:
128:
1007:
3429:
3310:
3124:
3112:
3038:
2796:
2791:
2766:
2746:
2688:
2583:
2478:
2456:
2446:
2419:
2289:
2241:
2103:
2063:
2028:
1943:
1938:
1890:
1799:
1662:
1654:
1610:
1591:
1581:
1320:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
1123:
748:
651:
507:
351:
216:
120:
45:
3174:
2973:
2941:
2875:
2865:
2786:
2776:
2461:
2429:
2414:
2360:
2333:
2316:
2083:
1895:
1794:
1789:
1710:
1667:
1633:
1540:
955:
849:
759:
755:
662:
658:
615:
572:
442:
370:
362:
90:
55:
1065:"Why Does the Seahorse Have Its Odd Head? Mystery Solved – News Watch"
3434:
3377:
2931:
2916:
2901:
2731:
2392:
2338:
2323:
2301:
2284:
2231:
1885:
1862:
1562:
827:
705:
578:
518:
484:
472:
450:
446:
153:
95:
3272:
1275:
461:
but which has some characters which are suggestive of a relation to
395:
3421:
3382:
3295:
3134:
3075:
3021:
3016:
2835:
2703:
2365:
2311:
2226:
1978:
1968:
1809:
1620:
1534:
1046:
805:
604:
496:
355:
347:
173:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
3107:
3102:
3080:
3053:
3048:
3043:
2588:
2540:
2434:
2204:
2199:
1748:
1644:
713:
374:
366:
100:
75:
422:
3026:
1570:
1528:
1289:"Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition"
1286:
1267:
1081:
539:
data quite consistently support the belief that the latter are
480:
476:
163:
1108:
323:
112:
3520:
3369:
3129:
3058:
2468:
1085:
Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th
Edition
709:
454:
411:
382:
1513:
317:
308:
3031:
2618:
2171:
2162:
305:
290:
3070:
2638:
1677:
547:. As it seems, flying gurnards are particularly close to
514:, they might not be particularly close relatives at all.
311:
296:
287:
483:. Many fossil syngnathiform families are known from the
369:. Many species of Syngnathiformes also employ strategic
2131:
365:—allows for the ingestion of prey at close range via
326:
314:
302:
284:
320:
281:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1067:. Newswatch.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from
1435:Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada, Ottawa
1287:Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016).
1082:Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016).
3563:
1053:. Version of 2005-FEB-15. Retrieved 19 Aug 2008.
708:. This wider order consists of a "long snouted"
1432:
1203:
495:In some models, these fishes are placed as the
555:, and probably should be included with these.
2147:
1499:
1322:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
1251:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
490:
2154:
2140:
1506:
1492:
1056:
989:
111:
2699:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
1391:
1347:
1337:
1122:
1023:
864:The following fossil families are known:
1369:
1367:
1313:
852:that there had been a rapid but ancient
421:
1423:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1280:
1062:
1040:
14:
3564:
1148:
1088:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 410.
3277:
3276:
2135:
1487:
1380:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1364:
1075:
3526:AB0787CD-0A41-FF9F-FDAB-F977E5862454
3409:ac5da7ba-c3a1-4f51-988a-d132aba7acca
1144:
1142:
985:
983:
981:
435:The earliest known syngnathiform is
3255:
2526:Electroreception and electrogenesis
1155:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
414:, and indicates "of similar form".
24:
1191:(1997), ITIS (2004), Nelson (2006)
859:
716:clade and this classification is:
25:
3588:
1464:
1276:JPEG abstract and first page text
1139:
1063:Langley, Liz (26 November 2013).
1051:Order Summary for Syngnathiformes
978:
3254:
3243:
3242:
3225:
3224:
2250:
1149:Murray, Alison M. (2022-12-31).
625:(seahorses and pygmy pipehorses)
417:
406:(γνάθος, "jaw"). The ending for
277:
140:
43:
2210:Environmental impact of fishing
1259:
431:, an early fossil syngnathiform
1451:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1194:
1181:
1102:
996:Integrative Organismal Biology
990:Brownstein, C D (2023-01-10).
856:in the basal Syngnathiformes.
769:(shrimpfishes and snipefishes)
457:, which is similar in form to
13:
1:
1167:10.1080/14772019.2022.2113832
971:
410:, "-formes", is derived from
2295:intramembranous ossification
7:
1393:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.002
1231:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.009
543:with the Gasterosteiformes
10:
3593:
2674:Fin and flipper locomotion
2644:Sequential hermaphroditism
2531:Jamming avoidance response
2248:
1445:Nelson, Joseph S. (2006):
1427:Syngnathoidei (TSN 166438)
740:(pipefishes and seahorses)
3285:
3238:
3162:
3095:
3002:
2964:
2955:
2894:
2825:
2712:
2664:
2574:
2499:
2259:
2169:
1904:
1871:
1831:
1808:
1775:
1757:
1709:
1686:
1653:
1642:
1619:
1608:
1590:
1579:
1561:
1523:
1339:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
263:
258:
239:
232:
137:Scientific classification
135:
119:
110:
34:
2161:
1326:BMC Evolutionary Biology
491:Systematics and taxonomy
131:), head in natural pose
3190:Glossary of ichthyology
2752:Diel vertical migration
1429:. Retrieved 2006-APR-08
726:Suborder Syngnathoidei
3577:Ray-finned fish orders
2556:Surface wave detection
2521:Hydrodynamic reception
2195:Diseases and parasites
1386:(August 2017): 33–48.
1219:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
1200:E.g. McAllister (1968)
720:Order Syngnathiformes
562:Order Syngnathiformes
432:
3508:Paleobiology Database
2694:Undulatory locomotion
2511:Ampullae of Lorenzini
1071:on November 27, 2013.
848:and this supported a
840:In their study Longo
723:"long snouted clade"
425:
3404:Fauna Europaea (new)
2922:Genetically modified
1124:10.20341/gb.2023.002
402:(συν, "together") +
125:Aulostomus maculatus
2727:Aquatic respiration
2614:Life history theory
1777:Protacanthopterygii
1767:Lepidogalaxiiformes
1448:Fishes of the World
1008:10.1093/iob/obad011
801:Suborder Mulloidei
527:traits uniting the
2566:Weberian apparatus
1994:Cyprinodontiformes
1919:Trachichthyiformes
1873:Paracanthopterygii
1724:Alepocephaliformes
1518:orders by subclass
1216:higher teleosts".
733:(ghost pipefishes)
596:(ghost pipefishes)
506:together with the
433:
342:that includes the
3559:
3558:
3495:Open Tree of Life
3279:Taxon identifiers
3270:
3269:
3180:Fish common names
3091:
3090:
2722:Aquatic predation
2546:Capacity for pain
2275:Age determination
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2089:Tetraodontiformes
2044:Chaetodontiformes
1979:Pleuronectiformes
1934:Batrachoidiformes
1696:Osteoglossiformes
1688:Osteoglossomorpha
1460:
1115:Geologica Belgica
926:Protosyngnathidae
906:Parasynarcualidae
846:phylogenetic tree
823:(flying gurnards)
796:(slope dragonets)
694:(flying gurnards)
517:In addition, the
504:Gasterosteiformes
340:ray-finned fishes
270:
269:
41:Santonian–present
16:(Redirected from
3584:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3474:NBNSYS0000178256
3464:
3463:
3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3274:
3273:
3258:
3257:
3246:
3245:
3228:
3227:
2962:
2961:
2254:
2185:Ethnoichthyology
2156:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2099:Centrarchiformes
2074:Priacanthiformes
2069:Scatophagiformes
2024:Uranoscopiformes
1969:Istiophoriformes
1959:Synbranchiformes
1924:Holocentriformes
1891:Stylephoriformes
1843:Ateleopodiformes
1729:Gonorynchiformes
1673:Notacanthiformes
1651:
1650:
1647:
1629:Lepisosteiformes
1617:
1616:
1613:
1600:Acipenseriformes
1588:
1587:
1584:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1470:Skaphandrus.com
1452:
1442:
1415:
1413:
1395:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:on 13 March 2020
1300:
1294:. Archived from
1293:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1212:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
987:
950:Dactylopteroidei
900:Fistularioididae
815:Dactylopteroidei
776:"Benthic clade"
678:Macroramphosidae
603:(pipefishes and
438:Gasteroramphosus
358:, among others.
344:leafy seadragons
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
299:
298:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
145:
144:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3572:Syngnathiformes
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3532:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3331:Syngnathiformes
3329:
3324:
3317:Syngnathiformes
3315:
3314:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3287:Syngnathiformes
3281:
3271:
3266:
3234:
3158:
3087:
2998:
2951:
2890:
2821:
2714:
2708:
2660:
2604:Ichthyoplankton
2570:
2502:
2495:
2491:Digital Library
2486:Teleost leptins
2425:Shark cartilage
2349:pharyngeal slit
2344:pharyngeal arch
2280:Anguilliformity
2265:
2263:
2255:
2246:
2165:
2160:
2130:
2113:
2109:Scorpaeniformes
2049:Acanthuriformes
2009:Gobiesociformes
1949:Syngnathiformes
1906:Acanthopterygii
1900:
1867:
1863:Polymixiiformes
1827:
1804:
1785:Argentiniformes
1771:
1753:
1705:
1682:
1643:
1638:
1609:
1604:
1580:
1575:
1571:Polypteriformes
1557:
1519:
1512:
1472:Syngnathiformes
1467:
1425:(ITIS) (2004):
1419:
1418:
1372:
1365:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1264:
1260:
1244:
1243:
1213:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1147:
1140:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1041:
988:
979:
974:
888:Eekaulostomidae
862:
860:Fossil families
821:Dactylopteridae
692:Dactylopteridae
533:Scorpaeniformes
529:flying gurnards
512:Acanthopterygii
493:
471:from the early
463:Gasterosteoidei
459:Marcroramphosus
420:
379:pygmy seahorses
301:
295:
280:
276:
274:Syngnathiformes
254:
245:
242:Syngnathus acus
227:Syngnathiformes
204:Acanthopterygii
139:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
35:Syngnathiformes
28:
27:Order of fishes
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3540:
3530:
3517:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3391:Fauna Europaea
3387:
3374:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3307:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3252:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3008:
3006:
3004:Wild fisheries
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Hallucinogenic
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:Schooling fish
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:Filter feeders
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:Bottom feeders
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Leydig's organ
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:pharyngeal jaw
2373:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2329:branchial arch
2321:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2094:Pempheriformes
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:Atheriniformes
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Anabantiformes
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Percopsiformes
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:Myctophiformes
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1834:incertae sedis
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1701:Hiodontiformes
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1678:Anguilliformes
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:Actinopterygii
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1477:2013-02-16 at
1466:
1465:External links
1463:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1416:
1363:
1312:
1279:
1274:(3): 517–529.
1258:
1225:(1): 224–236.
1202:
1193:
1180:
1138:
1101:
1095:978-1119220817
1094:
1074:
1055:
1039:
976:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
965:
964:
946:
945:
944:
943:
942:
930:
929:
928:
916:
915:
914:
908:
902:
890:
878:
876:Paraeoliscidae
872:
870:Aulorhamphidae
861:
858:
838:
837:
836:
835:
834:
833:
832:
831:
824:
811:
810:
809:
799:
798:
797:
790:
781:Callionymoidei
774:
773:
772:
771:
770:
763:
752:
741:
734:
731:Solenostomidae
702:
701:
700:
699:
698:
697:
696:
695:
688:
687:(shrimpfishes)
681:
668:
667:
666:
655:
632:
631:
630:
629:
628:
627:
626:
619:
597:
594:Solenostomidae
584:
583:
582:
492:
489:
441:from the late
419:
416:
268:
267:
261:
260:
256:
255:
246:
237:
236:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
184:Actinopterygii
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3589:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3230:more lists...
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Fish families
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:Aquarium life
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3152:fleshy-finned
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:Cartilaginous
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Electric fish
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Mauthner cell
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Chromatophore
2305:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Lutjaniformes
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Ephippiformes
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Blenniiformes
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Carangiformes
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Scombriformes
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Ophidiiformes
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Salmoniformes
1793:
1791:
1790:Galaxiiformes
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1759:Lepidogalaxii
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Gymnotiformes
1742:
1740:
1739:Characiformes
1737:
1735:
1734:Cypriniformes
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:Gnathostomata
1544:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:archive.today
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1458:0-471-25031-7
1455:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1190:
1187:E.G. Helfman
1184:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
984:
982:
977:
963:
959:
958:
957:
953:
952:
951:
947:
941:
940:Gerpegezhidae
937:
936:
935:
934:Centriscoidea
931:
927:
923:
922:
921:
920:Syngnathoidea
917:
913:
909:
907:
903:
901:
897:
896:
895:
894:Aulostomoidea
891:
889:
885:
884:
883:
882:Syngnathoidei
879:
877:
873:
871:
867:
866:
865:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
829:
825:
822:
818:
817:
816:
812:
807:
803:
802:
800:
795:
794:Draconettidae
791:
788:
787:Callionymidae
784:
783:
782:
778:
777:
775:
768:
764:
761:
757:
753:
750:
749:trumpetfishes
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
727:
725:
724:
722:
721:
719:
718:
717:
715:
711:
707:
693:
689:
686:
682:
680:(snipefishes)
679:
675:
674:
673:
672:Centriscoidea
669:
664:
660:
656:
653:
652:trumpetfishes
649:
645:
644:
643:
642:Aulostomoidea
639:
638:
637:
636:Aulostomoidei
633:
624:
623:Hippocampinae
620:
617:
613:
609:
608:
606:
602:
598:
595:
591:
590:
589:
588:Syngnathoidea
585:
580:
576:
575:
574:
570:
569:
568:
567:Syngnathoidei
564:
563:
561:
560:
559:
556:
554:
553:Fistulariidae
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Morphological
522:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
502:of the order
501:
500:Syngnathoidei
498:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:
468:Eekaulostomus
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:
430:
429:
428:Eekaulostomus
424:
418:Fossil record
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
397:Ancient Greek
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
352:trumpetfishes
349:
345:
341:
337:
331:
275:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
243:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:Acanthomorpha
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
18:Syngnathoidei
3286:
3259:
3247:
3147:spiny-finned
3096:Major groups
2817:Intelligence
2797:Scale eaters
2742:Cleaner fish
2624:Mouthbrooder
2576:Reproduction
2551:Schreckstoff
2536:Lateral line
2452:Swim bladder
2442:Spiral valve
2371:hyomandibula
2354:pseudobranch
2237:Hypoxia in -
2084:Lophiiformes
2079:Caproiformes
2059:Lobotiformes
2034:Moroniformes
2019:Gerreiformes
2004:Mugiliformes
1999:Beloniformes
1984:Cichliformes
1948:
1914:Beryciformes
1858:Lampriformes
1848:Aulopiformes
1832:
1823:Stomiiformes
1818:Osmeriformes
1749:Siluriformes
1719:Clupeiformes
1668:Albuliformes
1553:Osteichthyes
1545:Infraphylum
1446:
1438:
1434:
1383:
1379:
1332:(162): 162.
1329:
1325:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1282:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1247:cite journal
1222:
1217:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1158:
1154:
1114:
1104:
1084:
1077:
1069:the original
1058:
1042:
999:
995:
962:Rhamphosidae
954:Superfamily
932:Superfamily
918:Superfamily
912:Urosphenidae
892:Superfamily
863:
841:
839:
808:(goatfishes)
767:Centriscidae
760:cornetfishes
756:Fistularidae
745:Aulostomidae
738:Syngnathidae
706:paraphyletic
703:
685:Centriscidae
670:Superfamily
663:cornetfishes
659:Fistularidae
648:Aulostomidae
640:Superfamily
612:Syngnathinae
601:Syngnathidae
586:Superfamily
571:Superfamily
557:
549:Aulostomidae
544:
541:paraphyletic
537:DNA sequence
523:
516:
508:sticklebacks
499:
494:
466:
458:
436:
434:
426:
403:
399:
394:
387:
360:
273:
271:
264:
240:
234:Type species
226:
210:
200:Superorder:
190:(unranked):
129:Aulostomidae
124:
29:
3430:iNaturalist
3311:Wikispecies
3261:WikiProject
3220:Prehistoric
3204:Threatened
2895:Other types
2792:Sardine run
2767:Forage fish
2747:Corallivory
2599:Development
2584:Bubble nest
2457:physoclisti
2447:Suckermouth
2420:Root effect
2242:Ichthyology
2104:Perciformes
2064:Spariformes
2029:Labriformes
1944:Gobiiformes
1939:Kurtiformes
1800:Esociformes
1663:Elopiformes
1655:Elopomorpha
1611:Neopterygii
1592:Chondrostei
1582:Actinopteri
1551:Superclass
1161:(1): 1–16.
789:(dragonets)
535:. However,
363:syngnathids
217:Percomorpha
121:Trumpetfish
3566:Categories
2876:Groundfish
2871:Freshwater
2866:Euryhaline
2851:Coral reef
2787:Salmon run
2777:Paedophagy
2679:Amphibious
2666:Locomotion
2474:pharyngeal
2462:physostome
2415:Photophore
2361:Glossohyal
2334:gill raker
2317:dorsal fin
2267:physiology
1896:Gadiformes
1711:Otocephala
1634:Amiiformes
1541:Vertebrata
1539:Subphylum
972:References
956:Pegasoidea
850:hypothesis
830:(seamoths)
621:Subfamily
616:pipefishes
610:Subfamily
581:(seamoths)
573:Pegasoidea
545:sensu lato
443:Cretaceous
371:camouflage
3125:chimaeras
3012:Predatory
2989:Salmonids
2947:Whitefish
2937:Poisonous
2912:Diversity
2846:Coldwater
2782:Predatory
2772:Migratory
2732:Bait ball
2715:behaviour
2634:Pregnancy
2629:Polyandry
2403:papillare
2398:Operculum
2393:Meristics
2339:gill slit
2302:Cleithrum
2232:Fish kill
2222:Fear of -
2215:- as food
2205:Fisheries
2190:Evolution
2180:Diversity
1886:Zeiformes
1645:Teleostei
1563:Cladistia
1414:Abstract.
1175:1477-2019
1133:1374-8505
1016:2517-4843
948:Suborder
880:Suborder
854:radiation
828:Pegasidae
813:Suborder
779:Suborder
634:Suborder
605:seahorses
579:Pegasidae
565:Suborder
519:Pegasidae
485:Paleogene
473:Paleocene
451:Campanian
447:Santonian
356:seahorses
348:sea moths
265:See text
259:Families
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
3296:Wikidata
3249:Category
3200:Smallest
3113:lampreys
3076:flatfish
3066:Demersal
3022:mackerel
3017:billfish
2957:Commerce
2886:Tropical
2861:Demersal
2856:Deep-sea
2812:Venomous
2704:RoboTuna
2654:triggers
2649:Spawning
2609:Juvenile
2594:Egg case
2227:FishBase
1810:Stomiati
1621:Holostei
1535:Chordata
1529:Animalia
1527:Kingdom
1475:Archived
1441:: 1–239.
1410:13929577
1402:28487262
1358:28683774
1239:17709262
1049:(2005):
1047:FishBase
1034:37251781
1025:10210065
960:Family †
938:Family †
924:Family †
910:Family †
904:Family †
898:Family †
886:Family †
874:Family †
868:Family †
806:Mullidae
497:suborder
445:(either
248:Linnaeus
174:Chordata
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
3302:Q650692
3195:Largest
3108:hagfish
3103:Jawless
3081:pollock
3054:sardine
3049:herring
3044:anchovy
2994:Tilapia
2984:Octopus
2979:Catfish
2966:Farming
2881:Pelagic
2841:Coastal
2828:habitat
2684:Walking
2589:Clasper
2541:Otolith
2503:systems
2501:Sensory
2435:ganoine
2410:Papilla
2261:Anatomy
2200:Fishing
1533:Phylum
1514:Extant
1349:5501477
826:Family
819:Family
804:Family
792:Family
785:Family
765:Family
754:Family
743:Family
736:Family
729:Family
714:benthic
690:Family
683:Family
676:Family
657:Family
646:Family
599:Family
592:Family
577:Family
404:gnathos
375:seaweed
367:suction
334:are an
223:Order:
180:Class:
3536:113930
3533:uBio:
3500:145120
3487:129912
3461:644840
3383:1SYNGO
3213:sharks
3130:sharks
3059:sprats
3039:Forage
3027:salmon
2907:Coarse
2689:Flying
2561:Vision
2516:Barbel
2430:Scales
2290:dermal
2170:About
1456:
1408:
1400:
1356:
1346:
1305:10 May
1268:Copeia
1237:
1189:et al.
1173:
1131:
1092:
1032:
1022:
1014:
712:and a
481:Mexico
477:Danian
408:orders
3549:10327
3544:WoRMS
3521:Plazi
3513:92078
3448:12271
3443:IRMNG
3435:47245
3396:12059
3175:Blind
3163:Lists
2942:Rough
2807:Sleep
2713:Other
2479:shark
2469:Teeth
1406:S2CID
1299:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1002:(1).
842:et al
710:clade
479:) of
455:Italy
453:) of
412:Latin
383:coral
336:order
211:Clade
3482:NCBI
3456:ITIS
3417:GBIF
3378:EPPO
3370:5063
3339:BOLD
3208:rays
3142:Bony
3135:rays
3032:tuna
2974:Carp
2932:Oily
2917:Game
2902:Bait
2836:Cave
2619:Milt
2324:Gill
2312:Fins
2285:Bone
2172:fish
2163:Fish
1454:ISBN
1398:PMID
1354:PMID
1307:2018
1272:1978
1253:link
1235:PMID
1171:ISSN
1129:ISSN
1090:ISBN
1030:PMID
1012:ISSN
551:and
354:and
272:The
252:1758
46:PreꞒ
3469:NBN
3422:773
3365:EoL
3357:46T
3352:CoL
3344:291
3326:AFD
3071:cod
2826:By
2639:Roe
2366:Jaw
2264:and
1439:221
1388:doi
1384:113
1344:PMC
1334:doi
1227:doi
1163:doi
1119:doi
1020:PMC
1004:doi
449:or
400:syn
390:fry
338:of
318:ɔːr
3568::
3546::
3523::
3510::
3497::
3484::
3471::
3458::
3445::
3432::
3419::
3406::
3393::
3380::
3367::
3354::
3341::
3328::
3313::
3298::
1437:.
1404:.
1396:.
1382:.
1378:.
1366:^
1352:.
1342:.
1330:17
1328:.
1324:.
1249:}}
1245:{{
1233:.
1223:46
1205:^
1169:.
1159:20
1157:.
1153:.
1141:^
1127:.
1117:.
1113:.
1028:.
1018:.
1010:.
998:.
994:.
980:^
607:)
487:.
350:,
346:,
324:iː
250:,
213::
127::
96:Pg
2155:e
2148:t
2141:v
1507:e
1500:t
1493:v
1412:.
1390::
1360:.
1336::
1309:.
1255:)
1241:.
1229::
1177:.
1165::
1135:.
1121::
1098:.
1036:.
1006::
1000:5
762:)
758:(
751:)
747:(
665:)
661:(
654:)
650:(
618:)
614:(
475:(
330:/
327:z
321:m
315:f
312:ɪ
309:θ
306:ə
303:n
300:)
297:ɡ
294:(
291:ŋ
288:ɪ
285:s
282:ˈ
279:/
123:(
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
