157:, currently at version 16, and is available for various platforms in binary form. Several features of this program have proven controversial (most recently, RP11's ability to record unprotected streaming media from web sites), and many alternative players have been developed. RealNetworks initially tried to discourage development of alternative players by keeping their audio format secret. However, in recent years, RealNetworks has made efforts to be somewhat more open, and has founded the
223:. In this case, the RealAudio file is retrieved similarly to a normal web page, but playback begins as soon as the first part is received and continues while the rest of the file is downloaded. Using HTTP streaming works best with pre-recorded files so some alternative protocols have been developed which work better for live broadcasts.
100:
stations used RealAudio to stream their programming over the internet in real time. In recent years, however, the format has become less common and has given way to more popular audio formats. RealAudio was heavily used by the
168:
When RealAudio was introduced, RealNetworks disclosed no technical details about the audio format or how it was encoded, but it was soon noticed that some of the audio codecs used in RealAudio were identical to those used in
196:, which has its own audio codec library. The audio codecs in ffmpeg were written based on the publicly available information about the formats, and do not use the RealPlayer or Helix software. It is also possible to obtain
257:
containing a link to the audio stream. When a user clicks on such a link, the user's web browser downloads the .ram or .smil file and launches the user's media player. The media player reads the PNM or RTSP
93:, ranging from low-bitrate formats that can be used over dialup modems, to high-fidelity formats for music. It can be used as a streaming audio format, that is played at the same time as it is downloaded.
207:
Although RealNetworks has made the Helix player available as an open source project, they have kept some of the audio codecs proprietary, and the Helix player can not play all RealAudio files.
177:. As these formats had been described in detail in various technical papers and standards documents, it was possible to write software capable of playing RealAudio based on this information.
121:(for Real Audio). In 1997, RealNetworks also began offering a video format called RealVideo. The combination of the audio and video formats was called RealMedia and used the file extension
192:(DLLs) from the official RealPlayer. Thus Real Alternative requires RealPlayer to be installed (or at least its DLLs) in order to function. Most other players are based on
419:
290:
2048:
818:
145:(Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) file formats are sometimes encountered as links from web pages (see .Streaming Audio section below).
282:
274:
1932:
1723:
1119:
649:
226:
The first version of RealAudio used a proprietary protocol called PNA or PNM to send streaming audio data. RealNetworks later switched to the
1470:
613:
286:
250:
2342:
1904:
1361:
1758:
1936:
1719:
1123:
653:
2278:
1506:
732:
1576:
238:
protocol, which they initially kept secret. Recently, some specifications for the RDT protocol have been made public through the
1581:
1763:
1163:
426:
While the newest version of RealPlayer should be able to play any RealAudio file, other programs may not support all codecs.
1644:
2404:
2369:
2347:
1546:
1521:
435:
2144:
1195:
606:
2186:
1740:
1639:
1429:
831:
2293:
2020:
1884:
1727:
1351:
1305:
1205:
234:(RTSP) but they use RTSP only to manage the connection. The actual audio data is sent with their own proprietary
2283:
1966:
1371:
1200:
2430:
2092:
1478:
1464:
917:
1458:
911:
2426:
2028:
1949:
1659:
1366:
1356:
1265:
1128:
803:
725:
658:
629:
599:
231:
522:
1536:
2409:
2384:
1874:
1511:
1318:
770:
219:
format, meaning that it can be played while it is downloaded. It is possible to stream RealAudio using
242:
project. By around 2004 the open-source MPlayer project developed a means of playing the RDT streams.
2359:
1889:
1813:
1732:
967:
2320:
2273:
2107:
2061:
1923:
1859:
1596:
997:
480:
463:
259:
2266:
2233:
2149:
2087:
2056:
1616:
1376:
865:
2364:
2097:
1944:
1571:
808:
749:
737:
591:
2455:
2450:
2327:
2171:
1961:
1180:
1158:
1136:
798:
472:
444:
396:
2300:
1987:
1148:
1079:
947:
235:
201:
189:
125:. However, the latest version of RealProducer, Real's flagship encoder, reverted to using
8:
2288:
1956:
1748:
1654:
1601:
1313:
1108:
1084:
1032:
788:
691:
638:
509:
485:
170:
443:– a free and open source streaming server for internet radio stations, supports formats
188:. However, Real Alternative does not decode the audio data by itself, but relies on the
2379:
1894:
1879:
1419:
1391:
1074:
1037:
347:
174:
25:
2337:
1238:
2305:
2256:
1708:
1551:
1141:
992:
666:
162:
109:, the last of the BBC websites to use RealAudio, discontinued its use in March 2011.
106:
82:
249:
directly to a RealAudio file. Instead, they link to a .ram (Real Audio
Metadata) or
2354:
2251:
2243:
2129:
2082:
2010:
1977:
1190:
856:
708:
676:
625:
380:
278:
185:
269:, it is now possible to save an audio stream to a file. Other programs, including
2332:
2124:
1233:
1210:
239:
216:
158:
1694:
2414:
2261:
2102:
1971:
1064:
97:
309:. Below is a list of the codecs and the version in which each was introduced:
2444:
2310:
2117:
1611:
1409:
1175:
1059:
703:
266:
154:
1674:
2134:
1899:
1689:
1684:
1541:
1516:
1012:
558:
86:
105:
websites until 2009, though it was discontinued due to its declining use.
2198:
2139:
2077:
1679:
1442:
1437:
1022:
942:
671:
302:
90:
2112:
2005:
1414:
1185:
1054:
1017:
952:
836:
713:
622:
370:
350:
43:
117:
RealAudio files were originally identified by a filename extension of
2181:
1783:
1566:
1386:
1381:
1044:
1002:
489:
468:
254:
246:
2159:
2038:
1669:
1561:
987:
841:
2374:
2315:
2228:
1982:
1869:
1828:
1823:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1649:
1591:
1531:
1295:
1275:
1260:
1049:
977:
957:
545:
440:
337:
270:
181:
621:
2176:
1634:
1328:
1168:
1089:
1069:
1007:
744:
720:
698:
686:
681:
459:
455:
409:
406:
393:
306:
197:
193:
2223:
2154:
1997:
1773:
1736:
1621:
1323:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1228:
1220:
982:
962:
793:
783:
778:
766:
754:
383:
360:
334:
324:
321:
2164:
1909:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1818:
1778:
1768:
1664:
1606:
1526:
1489:
1484:
1401:
1343:
1333:
1094:
972:
846:
826:
227:
220:
153:
The official player for RealMedia content is RealNetworks'
471:– a freeware server for internet radio stations, supports
2203:
2191:
2033:
1849:
1753:
1556:
1153:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
476:
452:
448:
102:
89:
and first released in April 1995. It uses a variety of
586:
180:
A variety of unofficial players now exist, including
2442:
587:RealPlayer – Official media player for RealAudio
607:
556:
301:RealAudio files are compressed using several
133:for video files (with or without audio), and
49:audio/vnd.rn-realaudio, audio/x-pn-realaudio
614:
600:
165:project, to extend their media framework.
520:
262:from the file and then plays the stream.
2443:
129:for audio-only files, and began using
595:
204:to play some versions of RealAudio.
523:"Radio Labs: RealMedia - an update"
13:
2405:Comparison of audio coding formats
436:Comparison of audio coding formats
210:
112:
14:
2467:
580:
293:can also save streams to a file.
305:. Each codec is identified by a
245:In many cases, web pages do not
1967:ISO/IEC base media file format
550:
539:
521:Kortekaas, Mark (2009-10-07).
514:
503:
1:
496:
215:RealAudio was developed as a
232:Real Time Streaming Protocol
190:dynamically linked libraries
7:
429:
60:; 29 years ago
10:
2472:
2410:Comparison of video codecs
920:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
148:
141:(Real Audio Metadata) and
2423:
2397:
2242:
2216:
2070:
2047:
2019:
1996:
1931:
1922:
1837:
1718:
1707:
1499:
1451:
1428:
1400:
1342:
1304:
1219:
1118:
1107:
935:
904:
855:
817:
765:
648:
637:
296:
137:for VBR video files. The
54:
42:
24:
44:Internet media type
2234:Alliance for Open Media
1154:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
557:David Fiedler (2008).
253:file. This is a small
2172:QuickTime File Format
422:Format (RealAudio 10)
2431:Compression software
1988:MPEG media transport
1065:Sorenson Video/Spark
359:: Sipro Lab Telecom
202:Windows Media Player
2429:for techniques and
2427:Compression methods
923:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
486:Windows Media Audio
307:four character code
171:cellular telephones
81:, is a proprietary
21:
420:RealAudio Lossless
291:Real7ime Converter
175:digital television
161:, a collaborative
96:In the past, many
26:Filename extension
19:
2438:
2437:
2212:
2211:
2130:DivX Media Format
1918:
1917:
1703:
1702:
1103:
1102:
993:Microsoft Video 1
928:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
914:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
563:HomeRecording.com
107:BBC World Service
72:
71:
2463:
2204:VOB, IFO and BUP
1978:Motion JPEG 2000
1929:
1928:
1716:
1715:
1675:aptX Low Latency
1452:Chinese Standard
1116:
1115:
905:Chinese Standard
677:Motion JPEG 2000
646:
645:
616:
609:
602:
593:
592:
574:
573:
571:
569:
554:
548:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
518:
512:
510:RealPlayer 8 FAQ
507:
417:
404:
391:
378:
368:
358:
345:
332:
319:
315:
279:VLC media player
186:Real Alternative
68:
66:
61:
37:
33:
22:
18:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2419:
2393:
2238:
2208:
2066:
2043:
2015:
1992:
1914:
1833:
1731:
1710:
1699:
1495:
1467:(GB/T 33475.3)
1461:(GB/T 20090.10)
1447:
1424:
1396:
1338:
1300:
1215:
1211:MPEG-H 3D Audio
1137:MPEG-1 Layer II
1127:
1110:
1099:
931:
900:
851:
813:
761:
657:
640:
633:
620:
583:
578:
577:
567:
565:
555:
551:
544:
540:
531:
529:
519:
515:
508:
504:
499:
432:
415:
402:
389:
376:
366:
363:(RealAudio 4/5)
356:
343:
330:
317:
313:
299:
240:Helix Community
217:streaming media
213:
211:Streaming audio
159:Helix Community
151:
115:
113:File extensions
77:, also spelled
64:
62:
59:
58:April 1995
55:Initial release
50:
38:
35:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2415:List of codecs
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2217:Collaborations
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:MPEG-21 Part 9
1980:
1975:
1972:MPEG-4 Part 14
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1941:
1939:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Monkey's Audio
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:(SJ/T 11299.4)
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1156:
1151:
1149:MPEG-1 Layer I
1146:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
939:
937:
933:
932:
930:
929:
926:
925:
924:
915:
908:
906:
902:
901:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
853:
852:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
773:
763:
762:
760:
759:
758:
757:
755:Part 2 / LCEVC
752:
742:
741:
740:
730:
729:
728:
718:
717:
716:
711:
706:
696:
695:
694:
684:
679:
674:
669:
663:
661:
643:
635:
634:
619:
618:
611:
604:
596:
590:
589:
582:
581:External links
579:
576:
575:
549:
538:
513:
501:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
483:
466:
438:
431:
428:
424:
423:
413:
412:(RealAudio 10)
400:
387:
374:
364:
354:
341:
328:
298:
295:
212:
209:
150:
147:
114:
111:
98:internet radio
70:
69:
56:
52:
51:
48:
46:
40:
39:
30:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2468:
2457:
2454:
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2413:
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2402:
2400:
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2349:
2346:
2344:
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2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
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2290:
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2280:
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2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:CCITT Group 4
1747:
1746:
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2456:RealNetworks
2451:Audio codecs
1586:
1481:(GB/T 22726)
1142:Multichannel
998:MSU Lossless
912:AVS1 P2/AVS+
866:TrueMotion S
804:H.265 / HEVC
750:Part 1 / EVC
738:Part 3 / VVC
704:Part 2 / ASP
566:. Retrieved
562:
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530:. Retrieved
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516:
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303:audio codecs
300:
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200:which allow
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91:audio codecs
87:RealNetworks
83:audio format
78:
74:
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16:Audio format
2199:MOD and TOD
2140:Flash Video
2078:3GP and 3G2
1759:HEIC / HEIF
1711:compression
1471:Audio Vivid
1206:MPEG-D USAC
1201:MPEG-4 CELP
1196:MPEG-4 HVXC
1111:compression
943:Apple Video
859:and AOMedia
809:H.266 / VVC
799:H.264 / AVC
641:compression
626:compression
559:"RealAudio"
490:Microsoft's
163:open source
2445:Categories
2433:for codecs
2380:Daubechies
2355:Transforms
2257:Arithmetic
1924:Containers
1629:True Audio
1473:(GY/T 363)
1191:MPEG-4 DST
1186:MPEG-4 SLS
1181:MPEG-4 ALS
1055:SheerVideo
1029:QuickTime
857:TrueMotion
623:Multimedia
568:August 20,
532:2024-02-03
497:References
371:Cook Codec
287:HiDownload
79:Real Audio
2182:RealMedia
1784:JPEG 2000
1587:RealAudio
1567:OptimFROG
1045:RealVideo
1033:Animation
1003:OMS Video
630:container
527:bbc.co.uk
469:SHOUTcast
361:ACELP-NET
255:text file
75:RealAudio
20:RealAudio
2301:Lossless
2267:Modified
2160:Matroska
2039:Matroska
1950:MPEG-PES
1562:Musepack
1459:AVS1 P10
1038:Graphics
988:Lagarith
430:See also
2375:Wavelet
2316:DEFLATE
2262:Huffman
2252:Entropy
2244:Methods
2229:MPEG LA
2118:Smacker
2006:H.222.0
1962:MPEG-TS
1957:MPEG-PS
1945:MPEG-ES
1829:TIFF/IT
1824:TIFF/EP
1809:JPEG XT
1804:JPEG XS
1799:JPEG XR
1794:JPEG XL
1789:JPEG-LS
1670:aptX HD
1650:WavPack
1592:RTAudio
1532:Codec 2
1465:AVS2 P3
1392:GSM-EFR
1362:AMR-WB+
1296:G.729.1
1276:G.723.1
1266:G.722.2
1261:G.722.1
1060:Smacker
1050:RTVideo
978:Huffyuv
958:Cinepak
918:AVS2 P2
632:formats
546:MPlayer
441:Icecast
338:LD-CELP
271:MPlayer
182:MPlayer
149:Players
65:1995-04
63: (
2177:RatDVD
2071:Others
1838:Others
1640:VMR-WB
1635:TwinVQ
1500:Others
1387:GSM-FR
1382:GSM-HR
1372:EVRC-B
1357:AMR-WB
1329:Vorbis
1169:AAC-LD
1164:HE-AAC
1070:Theora
1013:ProRes
1008:Pixlet
936:Others
745:MPEG-5
733:MPEG-I
721:MPEG-H
699:MPEG-4
692:Part 2
687:MPEG-2
682:MPEG-1
479:, and
462:, and
460:Theora
456:Vorbis
410:HE-AAC
407:MPEG-4
397:LC-AAC
394:MPEG-4
384:ATRAC3
297:Codecs
198:codecs
194:FFmpeg
184:, and
2398:Lists
2343:ADPCM
2338:µ-law
2333:A-law
2306:Lossy
2279:ACELP
2224:NETVC
2049:SMPTE
2011:T.802
1998:ITU-T
1974:(MP4)
1774:JBIG2
1737:ITU-T
1709:Image
1645:VSELP
1622:SVOPC
1612:Siren
1582:RCELP
1577:QCELP
1522:ATRAC
1507:ACELP
1324:Speex
1291:G.729
1286:G.728
1281:G.726
1271:G.723
1256:G.722
1251:G.719
1246:G.718
1239:µ-law
1234:A-law
1229:G.711
1221:ITU-T
1109:Audio
983:Indeo
963:Daala
819:SMPTE
794:H.263
789:H.262
784:H.261
779:H.120
767:ITU-T
672:MJPEG
639:Video
369:: G2/
348:Dolby
335:G.728
325:VSELP
322:IS-54
265:With
143:.smil
135:.rmvb
2425:See
2370:MDCT
2348:DPCM
2294:WLPC
2284:CELP
2187:RIFF
2165:WebM
2155:M2TS
2145:HEIF
2113:Bink
2093:AIFF
2021:IETF
1910:WebP
1905:WBMP
1900:QTVR
1880:ICER
1875:FLIF
1865:DjVu
1855:AVIF
1845:APNG
1819:TIFF
1779:JPEG
1769:JBIG
1764:HEVC
1741:JPEG
1728:IETF
1695:LLAC
1690:LHDC
1685:LDAC
1665:aptX
1626:TTA
1607:SILK
1547:MELP
1542:Lyra
1537:iSAC
1527:CELT
1517:Asao
1512:ALAC
1490:ExAC
1485:L2HC
1415:AC-4
1410:AC-3
1402:ETSI
1367:EVRC
1344:3GPP
1334:FLAC
1319:iLBC
1314:Opus
1306:IETF
1129:MPEG
1095:YULS
1075:Thor
1023:4444
973:FFV1
953:Bink
847:VC-6
842:VC-5
837:VC-3
832:VC-2
827:VC-1
771:VCEG
659:MPEG
628:and
570:2011
416:ralf
403:racp
390:raac
381:Sony
377:atrc
367:cook
357:sipr
344:dnet
331:28_8
318:14_4
314:lpcJ
289:and
251:SMIL
247:link
228:IETF
221:HTTP
173:and
139:.ram
36:.ram
2385:DWT
2365:FFT
2360:DCT
2328:PCM
2321:LZW
2289:LSP
2274:LPC
2192:WAV
2150:IFF
2135:EVO
2125:BMP
2108:BPG
2098:AVI
2088:ASF
2083:AMV
2062:MXF
2057:GXF
2034:Ogg
2029:RTP
1937:IEC
1933:ISO
1895:QOI
1890:PGF
1885:MNG
1870:EXR
1860:BPG
1850:AV1
1814:PNG
1754:GIF
1733:W3C
1724:ISO
1720:IEC
1660:MQA
1655:WMA
1617:SMV
1602:SHN
1597:SD2
1572:OSQ
1557:MT9
1479:DRA
1443:LC3
1438:SBC
1420:DTS
1377:EVS
1352:AMR
1159:AAC
1124:IEC
1120:ISO
1090:XEB
1085:WMV
1018:422
968:DVI
948:AVS
896:AV1
891:VP9
886:VP8
881:VP7
876:VP6
871:VP3
654:IEC
650:ISO
481:NSV
477:MP3
473:AAC
464:NSV
453:Ogg
449:MP3
445:AAC
351:AC3
260:URL
236:RDT
131:.rv
127:.ra
123:.rm
119:.ra
103:BBC
32:.ra
2447::
2311:LZ
2103:AU
1935:,
1739:,
1735:,
1730:,
1726:,
1722:,
1122:,
1080:Ut
769:,
667:DV
656:,
652:,
561:.
525:.
488:–
475:,
458:,
451:,
447:,
418::
405::
392::
379::
346::
333::
320::
316:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
34:,
1126:,
615:e
608:t
601:v
572:.
535:.
67:)
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