606:
3189:
576:
546:
614:
48:
464:
538:
39:
3163:
3131:
3153:
3201:
3142:
641:" in the operating system. Users do not have root access by default, but are able to elevate their privileges to root by running a built-in utility called "rootsetting". However, provisions are made in kernel modules to deny even root users access to certain files, and extensive system integrity checks are done at boot time to ensure these files have not been modified.
637:
all media content with the hard drive's serial number, allowing the North Korean authorities to trace the spread of files. The system also has hidden "antivirus" software that is capable of removing censored files that are remotely stored by the North Korean Secret
Service. There is a user group called "
636:
The operating system comes pre-installed with a number of applications that monitor its users. If a user tries to disable security functions, an error message will appear on the computer, or the operating system will crash and reboot. In addition, a watermarking tool integrated into the system marks
742:
698:
company Hacker House found a security vulnerability in the integrated web browser
Naenara. This vulnerability makes it possible to execute commands on the computer if the user clicks on a crafted link.
583:
The development of version 2.0 began in March 2008, and was completed on June 3, 2009. Like its predecessor, its appearance resembles
Windows XP, and was priced at 2000
590:
The "Naenara" internet browser is also included in this version. The browser was released on 6 August 2009, as part of the operating system, and was priced at 4000
1487:
1373:"r/linux - I managed to get a hold of the latest version of that North Korean Linux distro, in some shape or form. Here's a torrent of Red Star OS 3.0 Server"
1609:
676:, an official version of Red Star OS 4.0 had been developed by January 2019, with full network support as well as system and service management tools.
310:
57:
567:
One copy has been leaked online. The screenshots of the operating system were officially published by KCNA and discovered by South Korean news sites.
3226:
869:
506:
1832:
3251:
958:
686:
One source vaguely suggests that Red Star OS 4.0 contains a password management application, but not much information about it is known.
1134:
1108:
1066:
845:
792:
301:
Version 3.0 was released in the summer of 2013, but as of 2014, version 1.0 continues to be more widely used. It is only available in
1372:
1235:
1183:
1397:
901:
3246:
1602:
306:
53:
3193:
716:
1917:
1346:
356:
1542:
3236:
1572:
3156:
2198:
1825:
1595:
1309:
509:, purchased a copy of version 3 from a KCC retailer in southern Pyongyang, and uploaded screenshots to the internet.
1209:
1158:
1491:
929:
516:
described the internal operation of the OS. The North Korean government wants to track the underground market of
597:
The operating system uses a special keyboard layout that differs greatly from the South Korean standard layout.
1013:
1290:
1268:
Lifting the Fog on Red Star OS - A deep dive into the surveillance features of North Korea's operating system
3241:
3166:
1927:
1818:
1273:
513:
3134:
3075:
626:
139:
3179:
2954:
2497:
2391:
1849:
1778:
219:
89:
2886:
2689:
1985:
1763:
1445:[Sogwang Office in Red Star 4.0 can edit Microsoft Word files]. NK경제 (NKEconomy). 2020-06-23.
560:" web browser, based on Mozilla Firefox, and an Office suite based on Open Office, called "Uri 2.0".
190:
3102:
2637:
2575:
2381:
2304:
2000:
1697:
989:
489:
interviewed two Red Star OS programmers in June 2006. English-language technology blogs, including
472:
379:
97:
1266:
855:
2891:
2137:
1476:[Password management in Red Star 4.0 is done by keychain?]. NK경제 (NKEconomy). 2020-07-21.
605:
3221:
2728:
2540:
2314:
553:
The first version appeared in 2008. It is very reminiscent of the
Windows XP operating system.
1431:[Oracle Virtualbox is installed in DPRK's Red Star 4.0]. NK경제 (NKEconomy). 2020-06-15.
1327:
2944:
2535:
1932:
1514:
683:'s NKEconomy (NK경제) obtained a copy of Red Star OS 4.0 and have published articles about it.
521:
295:
283:
266:
70:
2733:
1473:
1456:
1442:
1428:
3152:
3060:
1459:[The default web browser in Red Star 4.0 is Firefox]. NK경제 (NKEconomy). 2020-07-06.
360:
340:
129:
123:
93:
8:
1872:
672:
468:
2866:
1841:
1733:
1667:
768:
279:
575:
545:
3065:
3008:
1404:
695:
557:
372:
336:
326:
291:
196:
152:
1560:
2921:
2906:
2896:
2806:
2771:
2208:
1975:
1793:
1783:
1351:
1018:
591:
584:
241:
182:
159:
613:
3045:
2834:
2713:
2647:
2607:
2464:
2419:
2273:
2059:
1922:
1090:
994:
561:
517:
368:
322:
302:
256:
164:
505:, went on to repost the content. In late 2013, Will Scott, who was visiting the
47:
3023:
2585:
2492:
2446:
2162:
1692:
1515:"North Korea's Linux-based Red Star OS can be Hacked Remotely with just a Link"
1041:
645:
406:
on his desk in a 2013 photo, indicating a possible connection to the redesign.
227:
17:
3033:
463:
3215:
2969:
2901:
2854:
2839:
2786:
2580:
2361:
2351:
2203:
2142:
2102:
2074:
2054:
1672:
1657:
1581:
1546:
1291:"Paranoid: North Korea's computer operating system mirrors its political one"
364:
352:
287:
2107:
959:"You Can Now Install the Original North Korean Operating System RedStar 3.0"
3231:
3205:
3146:
3107:
2881:
2858:
2826:
2816:
2753:
2570:
2411:
2371:
2366:
2333:
2238:
2157:
2079:
2064:
2011:
1980:
1773:
1768:
1682:
1677:
1627:
1618:
1587:
874:
850:
656:
621:
Version 3.0 was introduced on April 15, 2012, and its appearance resembles
537:
485:
348:
211:
200:
1857:
3013:
2992:
2974:
2776:
2766:
2632:
2627:
2595:
2401:
2396:
2346:
2288:
2193:
2097:
2069:
1970:
1960:
1862:
1758:
1748:
1712:
1652:
1647:
934:
908:
680:
498:
480:
399:
344:
276:
74:
38:
3028:
2984:
2916:
2911:
2844:
2796:
2781:
2671:
2652:
2547:
2522:
2474:
2424:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2132:
2127:
2122:
1947:
1897:
1788:
395:
387:
65:
1810:
3082:
3018:
2931:
2791:
2761:
2743:
2718:
2602:
2484:
2469:
2454:
2341:
2263:
2117:
1965:
1902:
1707:
1642:
963:
638:
625:
operating systems of various versions. The new version supports both
286:(KCC). Prior to its release, computers in North Korea typically used
467:
Built-in games in
Version 2.0 of Red Star OS, including versions of
3097:
3092:
3040:
2964:
2801:
2738:
2684:
2679:
2530:
2502:
2429:
2376:
2258:
2172:
2152:
2112:
2039:
1955:
1882:
1687:
1564:
1240:
1094:
490:
450:
439:
343:. Naenara comes with two search engines. Other software includes a
3050:
2959:
2939:
2876:
2723:
2708:
2565:
2512:
2356:
2298:
2293:
2253:
2248:
2167:
2147:
2092:
2084:
2049:
2044:
2005:
1995:
1937:
1892:
1877:
1867:
1753:
1743:
1728:
1662:
1554:
1288:
1236:"North Korea's Red Star OS takes the 'open' out of 'open source'"
1184:"North Korea's Red Star OS takes the 'open' out of 'open source'"
817:
747:
721:
520:
used to exchange foreign films, music and writing, so the system
332:
101:
3112:
2949:
2871:
2811:
2748:
2699:
2642:
2459:
2436:
2319:
2268:
2218:
2213:
2030:
2021:
1990:
1912:
1738:
1214:
1159:"A Visual Guide To North Korea's Totalitarian Operating System"
502:
494:
215:
178:
3087:
3070:
3055:
2622:
2612:
2309:
2223:
2188:
1264:
870:"North Korea's 'paranoid' computer operating system revealed"
622:
391:
383:
174:
84:
2617:
2590:
2507:
2283:
2278:
1907:
1887:
930:"Naenara: Exploring a North Korean Computer & Internet"
630:
403:
246:
GPL (Linux kernel and other GNU software only), Proprietary
3200:
3141:
331:("My country" in Korean), which is used for browsing the
234:
1310:"The $ 50 device that symbolizes a shift in North Korea"
1091:"Apple's Mac OS X imitated in latest North Korea system"
1561:"North Korean Red Star operating system details emerge"
1042:"Apple's Mac OSX imitated in latest North Korea system"
617:
Sogwang office (customized OpenOffice) in Red Star OS 3
1543:"OS "Red Star" - линуксоиды всех стран, соединяйтесь!"
1289:
Jeremy
Wagstaff and James Pearson (27 December 2015).
1101:
3177:
378:
The operating system utilizes customized versions of
1488:"RedStar OS 3.0: Remote Arbitrary Command Injection"
793:"Inside North Korea's Totalitarian Operating System"
549:
Desktop of Red Star 1.0 and the default file manager
270:
524:all files on portable media attached to computers.
394:, whereas previous versions more closely resembled
609:Utility to obtain root privileges in Red Star OS 3
1210:"North Korea Develops Its Own Linux Distribution"
644:Red Star OS 3 comes with a customized version of
282:, with development first starting in 1998 at the
3213:
667:Little information is available on version 4.0.
512:In 2015, two German researchers speaking at the
386:-based desktops. Version 3.0 closely resembles
1265:Florian Grunow; Niklaus Schiess (2015-12-28).
507:Pyongyang University of Science and Technology
52:Screenshot of the desktop of Red Star OS 3.0,
1826:
1603:
1347:"Red Star 3.0 Desktop finally becomes public"
1307:
1109:"North Korean computers get 'Apple' makeover"
1067:"North Korean computers get 'Apple' makeover"
846:"〈민족정보산업의 부흥 -상-〉 《우리식 콤퓨터조작체계(OS) 》의 개발과 도입"
839:
837:
367:. Version 3, like its predecessors, utilizes
290:, and later switched to modified versions of
1617:
260:
3130:
1833:
1819:
1610:
1596:
1135:"North Korean computers get iMac makeover"
990:"NK Goes for Linux-Based Operating System"
987:
834:
541:The boot-up splash screen of Red Star 1.0
23:North Korean Linux-based operating system
1545:(in Russian). 2010-02-27. Archived from
1344:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1207:
1011:
612:
604:
574:
544:
536:
462:
1840:
1584:: A tool used for analyzing the system.
1233:
3214:
956:
895:
893:
3227:Information technology in North Korea
1814:
1591:
1468:
1466:
1253:
1012:Williams, Martyn (January 31, 2014).
1007:
1005:
983:
981:
430:800 MHz Intel Pentium III
311:North Korean terminology and spelling
58:North Korean terminology and spelling
1014:"North Korea's Red Star OS Goes Mac"
371:, a compatibility layer that allows
3252:State-sponsored Linux distributions
957:Locker, Theresa (January 7, 2015).
899:
890:
843:
655:The operating system was leaked by
532:
13:
1463:
1002:
978:
689:
458:
14:
3263:
2199:Bharat Operating System Solutions
1535:
1443:"붉은별4.0 서광 오피스에서 MS워드 파일 편집 가능하다"
1234:Flatley, Joseph L. (2009-03-04),
316:
3199:
3187:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3140:
3129:
988:Tong-hyung, Kim (5 April 2010).
375:programs to be run under Linux.
321:Red Star OS features a modified
46:
37:
1512:
1506:
1480:
1449:
1435:
1429:"북한 붉은별4.0에 오라클 버추얼박스를 탑재하고 있다"
1421:
1390:
1365:
1345:Williams, Martyn (2014-12-30).
1338:
1320:
1308:James Pearson (27 March 2015).
1301:
1282:
1227:
1201:
1176:
1151:
1127:
1083:
1059:
1034:
950:
922:
862:
810:
785:
761:
735:
709:
662:
600:
570:
398:; current North Korean leader
261:
1:
3247:RPM-based Linux distributions
3194:Free and open-source software
1457:"북한 붉은별 4.0의 기본 브라우저는? 파이어폭스"
1208:Holwerda, Thom (2009-03-04),
702:
1274:Chaos Communication Congress
900:Nam, Hyeon-ho (2010-03-03),
844:Kim, Chi-yong (2006-06-21),
514:Chaos Communication Congress
335:web portal on North Korea's
7:
854:(in Korean), archived from
271:
10:
3268:
2392:Rocks Cluster Distribution
1779:Rocks Cluster Distribution
1577:(in Korean). 5 April 2010.
527:
497:, as well as South Korean
104:, Jindallae and Ryonghung)
15:
3237:Korean-language computing
3125:
3001:
2983:
2930:
2853:
2825:
2698:
2670:
2661:
2558:
2521:
2483:
2445:
2410:
2332:
2181:
2029:
2020:
1946:
1848:
1721:
1635:
1626:
1474:"붉은별4.0의 비밀번호 관리는 키체인으로?"
1328:"RedStar OS Watermarking"
769:"North Korean Smartphone"
448:
437:
429:
421:
416:
240:
226:
207:
189:
170:
158:
148:
138:
116:
108:
80:
64:
45:
36:
3103:Softlanding Linux System
2382:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1698:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1573:
903:北, 독자적 컴퓨터 운영체제 '붉은별' 개발
902:
380:KDE Software Compilation
185:(mobile and tablet only)
16:Not to be confused with
2892:Linux for PlayStation 2
679:In June and July 2020,
579:Desktop of Red Star 2.0
382:. Earlier versions had
2541:Open Enterprise Server
618:
610:
580:
550:
542:
483:-affiliated newspaper
476:
2945:Damn Vulnerable Linux
2536:SUSE Linux Enterprise
1933:Resurrection Remix OS
1398:"The Pyongyang Times"
616:
608:
578:
548:
540:
466:
296:North Korean language
284:Korea Computer Center
87:(desktop and server),
71:Korea Computer Center
3061:Linux Router Project
410:System requirements
361:file sharing program
130:free and open-source
128:Some components are
3242:Linux distributions
2993:SUSE Studio Express
2760:Other derivatives:
1842:Linux distributions
1494:on December 5, 2016
1113:The Daily Telegraph
938:. November 20, 2019
673:The Pyongyang Times
411:
222:(mobile and tablet)
33:
2867:BLAG Linux and GNU
2734:Linux Caixa Mágica
1734:BLAG Linux and GNU
1668:Koozali SME Server
1574:北 컴퓨터운영체제 붉은별 첫 분석
878:. 27 December 2015
799:. 27 December 2015
619:
611:
594:(approx. US$ 28).
587:(approx. US$ 15).
581:
564:is also included.
551:
543:
477:
409:
280:Linux distribution
153:Personal computers
29:
26:Linux distribution
3175:
3174:
3121:
3120:
3066:MCC Interim Linux
3009:Caldera OpenLinux
2328:
2327:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1115:. 5 February 2014
1022:. Martyn Williams
743:"Domestic Tablet"
717:"Domestic Tablet"
696:computer security
556:It featured the "
456:
455:
402:was seen with an
337:national intranet
298:packs installed.
292:Microsoft Windows
250:
249:
3259:
3204:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3165:
3164:
3155:
3147:Linux portal
3145:
3144:
3133:
3132:
2922:Yellow Dog Linux
2907:Think Blue Linux
2897:Scientific Linux
2772:CrunchBang Linux
2668:
2667:
2209:Damn Small Linux
2027:
2026:
1918:Paranoid Android
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1794:Yellow Dog Linux
1784:Scientific Linux
1633:
1632:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1550:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1490:. Archived from
1484:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1403:. Archived from
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:North Korea Tech
1342:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1139:Business Insider
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1019:North Korea Tech
1009:
1000:
999:
985:
976:
975:
973:
971:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
926:
920:
919:
918:
917:
897:
888:
887:
885:
883:
866:
860:
859:
841:
832:
831:
829:
828:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
713:
659:("SlipStream").
592:North Korean won
585:North Korean won
533:Version 1.0/Beta
518:USB flash drives
479:The Japan-based
412:
408:
274:
264:
263:
149:Marketing target
50:
41:
34:
28:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3139:
3117:
3046:Foresight Linux
2997:
2979:
2926:
2849:
2835:Container Linux
2821:
2807:Musix GNU+Linux
2714:Black Lab Linux
2694:
2657:
2648:Tiny Core Linux
2554:
2517:
2479:
2465:OpenMandriva Lx
2441:
2420:Calculate Linux
2406:
2324:
2274:Raspberry Pi OS
2177:
2060:Ubuntu Cinnamon
2016:
1942:
1923:PixelExperience
1844:
1839:
1809:
1798:
1717:
1622:
1616:
1575:
1571:
1559:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1519:The Hacker News
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1334:. 16 July 2015.
1326:
1325:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1263:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1071:Telegraph.co.uk
1065:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1010:
1003:
995:The Korea Times
986:
979:
969:
967:
955:
951:
941:
939:
928:
927:
923:
915:
913:
904:
898:
891:
881:
879:
868:
867:
863:
842:
835:
826:
824:
816:
815:
811:
802:
800:
791:
790:
786:
777:
775:
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
741:
740:
736:
727:
725:
715:
714:
710:
705:
692:
690:Vulnerabilities
665:
603:
573:
535:
530:
461:
459:Media attention
357:audio and video
325:browser called
323:Mozilla Firefox
319:
229:
181:(server only),
134:
88:
60:
31:
27:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3265:
3255:
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3068:
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3048:
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3026:
3024:Familiar Linux
3021:
3016:
3011:
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3003:
2999:
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2586:Clear Linux OS
2583:
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2493:Austrumi Linux
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2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
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2035:
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2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1998:
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1983:
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1700:
1695:
1693:Red Flag Linux
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1630:
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1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1569:
1557:
1551:
1549:on 2011-07-26.
1537:
1536:External links
1534:
1531:
1530:
1505:
1479:
1462:
1448:
1434:
1420:
1389:
1364:
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1190:. 4 March 2010
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317:Specifications
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140:Latest release
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18:Red Flag Linux
9:
6:
4:
3:
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3225:
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3222:2008 software
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2970:TopologiLinux
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2918:
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2902:Red Hat Linux
2900:
2898:
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2875:
2873:
2870:
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2843:
2841:
2840:Sabayon Linux
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Feather Linux
2785:
2783:
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2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
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2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Chimera Linux
2579:
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2557:
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2363:
2362:MIRACLE LINUX
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:CentOS Stream
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
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2337:
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2222:
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2207:
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2204:BlankOn Linux
2202:
2200:
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2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Peppermint OS
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:elementary OS
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:Derivatives:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Ubuntu Studio
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Ubuntu Budgie
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:(3.0 onwards)
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Hyperbola GNU
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
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1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
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1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Miracle Linux
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:CentOS Stream
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1583:
1582:redstar-tools
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:. 2010-04-06.
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1410:on 2019-05-18
1406:
1399:
1393:
1379:. 2 June 2014
1378:
1374:
1368:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1341:
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1179:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1097:. 2014-02-05.
1096:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1006:
997:
996:
991:
984:
982:
966:
965:
960:
953:
937:
936:
931:
925:
911:
910:
905:
896:
894:
877:
876:
871:
865:
858:on 2007-12-23
857:
853:
852:
847:
840:
838:
823:
819:
818:"Red Star OS"
813:
798:
794:
788:
774:
770:
764:
750:
749:
744:
738:
724:
723:
718:
712:
708:
700:
697:
694:In 2016, the
687:
684:
682:
677:
675:
674:
670:According to
668:
660:
658:
653:
651:
647:
642:
640:
639:administrator
634:
632:
628:
624:
615:
607:
598:
595:
593:
588:
586:
577:
568:
565:
563:
559:
554:
547:
539:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
499:wire services
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
474:
470:
465:
452:
445:
444:
441:
434:
433:
426:
425:
420:
417:Requirements
414:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:e-mail client
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
288:Red Hat Linux
285:
281:
278:
273:
268:
258:
254:
245:
243:
239:
236:
233:
231:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
208:Influenced by
206:
202:
199:forked from (
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
141:
137:
131:
127:
125:
124:Closed-source
122:
121:
119:
115:
111:
109:Working state
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
40:
35:
19:
3108:Splashtop OS
2882:Linpus Linux
2817:Sunwah Linux
2754:Ubuntu GNOME
2663:Discontinued
2662:
2386:
2372:Oracle Linux
2158:Ubuntu Touch
2080:Ubuntu Unity
2065:Ubuntu Kylin
2012:SystemRescue
2001:Parabola GNU
1774:Planet CCRMA
1769:Linpus Linux
1702:
1683:Oracle Linux
1678:Nobara Linux
1628:Fedora Linux
1619:Fedora Linux
1547:the original
1522:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1482:
1451:
1437:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1392:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1350:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1294:
1284:
1272:
1267:
1245:, retrieved
1239:
1229:
1219:, retrieved
1213:
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1165:. 2014-09-23
1163:Fast Company
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1061:
1050:. Retrieved
1048:. 2014-02-05
1045:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1017:
993:
968:. Retrieved
962:
952:
940:. Retrieved
933:
924:
914:, retrieved
907:
880:. Retrieved
875:The Guardian
873:
864:
856:the original
851:Choson Sinbo
849:
825:. Retrieved
821:
812:
801:. Retrieved
796:
787:
776:. Retrieved
772:
763:
752:. Retrieved
746:
737:
726:. Retrieved
720:
711:
693:
685:
678:
671:
669:
666:
657:Zammis Clark
654:
649:
643:
635:
620:
596:
589:
582:
566:
555:
552:
511:
486:Choson Sinbo
484:
478:
377:
349:office suite
327:
320:
300:
277:North Korean
252:
251:
212:Fedora Linux
201:Linux kernel
160:Available in
117:Source model
92:(on Woolim,
3014:CyanogenMod
2975:VectorLinux
2777:DoudouLinux
2767:Corel Linux
2633:Source Mage
2402:Sailfish OS
2397:Rocky Linux
2387:Red Star OS
2347:Asahi Linux
2289:SparkyLinux
2098:Bodhi Linux
2070:Ubuntu MATE
1971:EndeavourOS
1863:Android-x86
1759:Inspur K-UX
1749:Fermi Linux
1713:Rocky Linux
1703:Red Star OS
1653:Berry Linux
1648:Asahi Linux
1621:derivatives
1513:Wei, Wang.
935:Koryo Tours
912:(in Korean)
909:Yonhap News
797:Motherboard
681:South Korea
663:Version 4.0
633:addresses.
601:Version 3.0
571:Version 2.0
481:North Korea
473:Minesweeper
422:Red Star OS
400:Kim Jong-un
365:video games
359:players, a
345:text editor
269::
259::
253:Red Star OS
214:(desktop),
75:North Korea
30:Red Star OS
3216:Categories
3157:Comparison
3029:Firefox OS
2917:Vine Linux
2912:Turbolinux
2845:xB Machine
2797:HandyLinux
2782:Dreamlinux
2548:GeckoLinux
2475:ROSA Linux
2425:ChromiumOS
2234:FreedomBox
2229:Endless OS
2133:LXLE Linux
2128:Linux Mint
2123:Linux Lite
2108:Emmabuntüs
2038:Official:
1976:Frugalware
1898:GrapheneOS
1789:Turbolinux
1524:2017-08-31
1498:August 31,
1414:2019-01-12
1383:2022-07-14
1358:2017-08-31
1332:Insinuator
1247:2013-01-23
1221:2013-01-23
1194:2017-08-31
1169:2017-08-31
1144:2022-07-07
1119:6 February
1076:2017-08-31
1052:2017-08-31
970:August 14,
942:August 14,
916:2013-01-23
827:2017-08-31
803:2017-08-31
778:2022-07-07
754:2022-07-07
728:2022-07-07
703:References
646:OpenOffice
522:watermarks
446:Free space
396:Windows XP
341:Kwangmyong
272:Pulgŭnbyŏl
218:(Server),
197:Monolithic
32:붉은별 사용자용체계
3083:Mobilinux
3019:DemoLinux
2932:Slackware
2792:gNewSense
2762:BackTrack
2744:Pinguy OS
2719:Cub Linux
2603:GoboLinux
2485:Slackware
2470:PCLinuxOS
2455:ALT Linux
2342:AlmaLinux
2301:(1.0–2.0)
2264:Parrot OS
2118:Freespire
1966:BlackArch
1928:Replicant
1903:LineageOS
1708:RedSleeve
1643:AlmaLinux
1555:Download"
964:Vice News
822:ArchiveOS
339:known as
307:localized
171:Platforms
81:OS family
66:Developer
54:localized
3167:Category
3098:Remix OS
3093:OpenELEC
3041:Floppyfw
2965:Platypux
2802:Libranet
2739:LinuxTLE
2707:Ubuntu:
2685:Antergos
2680:ArchLabs
2531:openSUSE
2503:Salix OS
2447:Mandriva
2430:ChromeOS
2377:Qubes OS
2259:MX Linux
2173:Zorin OS
2153:Trisquel
2113:KDE neon
2040:Edubuntu
1956:ArchBang
1883:DivestOS
1688:Qubes OS
1565:BBC News
1241:Engadget
1188:Engadget
1095:BBC News
1046:BBC News
1026:July 23,
773:Mashable
501:such as
491:Engadget
98:Samjiyon
3180:Portals
3051:Immunix
2960:NimbleX
2955:Kongoni
2940:BioSLAX
2877:ClearOS
2855:Red Hat
2724:Gobuntu
2709:Asturix
2608:Guix SD
2566:4MLinux
2513:Zenwalk
2498:Porteus
2357:EulerOS
2299:SteamOS
2294:SolydXK
2254:Knoppix
2249:Kanotix
2168:Wubuntu
2148:Pop! OS
2138:Nova OS
2093:BackBox
2085:Xubuntu
2050:Lubuntu
2045:Kubuntu
2006:SteamOS
1996:Manjaro
1938:OmniROM
1893:Fire OS
1878:ColorOS
1873:Celadon
1868:CalyxOS
1850:Android
1754:Fuduntu
1744:ClearOS
1729:Asianux
1722:Defunct
1663:EulerOS
1636:Current
1314:Reuters
1295:Reuters
748:NK News
722:NK News
648:called
558:Naenara
528:History
373:Windows
333:Naenara
328:Naenara
275:) is a
242:License
228:Default
220:Android
112:Current
102:Manbang
94:Arirang
90:Android
3113:Turkix
3034:B2G OS
2950:KateOS
2887:Korora
2872:CentOS
2859:Fedora
2827:Gentoo
2812:Parsix
2749:Sabily
2700:Debian
2690:Chakra
2643:T2 SDE
2571:Alpine
2460:Mageia
2437:Pentoo
2412:Gentoo
2367:Nobara
2334:Fedora
2320:Whonix
2269:PureOS
2239:Kaisen
2219:Devuan
2214:deepin
2031:Ubuntu
2022:Debian
1991:LinHES
1981:Garuda
1913:One UI
1764:Korora
1739:CentOS
1377:reddit
1215:OSNews
503:Yonhap
495:OSnews
469:Atomix
435:Memory
363:, and
303:Korean
265:;
257:Korean
216:CentOS
191:Kernel
179:x86-64
165:Korean
3206:Linux
3088:Nitix
3071:MeeGo
3056:Jurix
3002:Other
2638:Solus
2628:Puppy
2623:NixOS
2613:KaiOS
2596:Kwort
2576:CHAOS
2559:Other
2310:Tizen
2305:Tails
2224:Elive
2194:Astra
2189:antiX
2182:Other
1961:Artix
1408:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
882:4 May
623:macOS
392:macOS
388:Apple
384:KDE 3
351:, an
347:, an
309:with
294:with
175:IA-32
85:Linux
56:with
3135:List
2985:SUSE
2672:Arch
2653:Void
2618:KaOS
2591:CRUX
2523:SUSE
2508:Slax
2284:Slax
2279:Q4OS
2244:Kali
2163:Uruk
1948:Arch
1908:MIUI
1888:EMUI
1500:2020
1121:2014
1028:2014
972:2021
944:2021
884:2018
631:IPv6
629:and
627:IPv4
562:Wine
493:and
471:and
438:256
404:iMac
369:Wine
193:type
3232:KDE
3076:Mer
2729:gOS
2315:UOS
1858:/e/
427:CPU
390:'s
262:붉은별
235:KDE
183:ARM
144:4.0
3218::
1563:.
1517:.
1465:^
1375:.
1349:.
1330:.
1312:.
1293:.
1276:32
1271:.
1255:^
1238:,
1212:,
1186:.
1161:.
1137:.
1111:.
1093:.
1069:.
1044:.
1016:.
1004:^
992:.
980:^
961:.
932:.
906:,
892:^
872:.
848:,
836:^
820:.
795:.
771:.
745:.
719:.
652:.
451:GB
449:3
440:MB
355:,
313:.
305:,
267:MR
177:,
100:,
96:,
73:,
3182::
2857:/
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1611:e
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1386:.
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1297:.
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1197:.
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1079:.
1055:.
1030:.
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886:.
830:.
806:.
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757:.
731:.
475:.
255:(
203:)
20:.
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