141:
203:. Even in the absence of such extraordinary circumstances, the pyramid-like nature of most European sports league systems can still create knock-on effects at the regional level. For example, in a higher league with a large geographical footprint and multiple feeder leagues each representing smaller geographical regions, should most or all of the relegated teams in the higher division come from one particular region then the number of teams to be promoted or relegated from each of the feeder leagues may have to be adjusted, or one or more teams playing near the boundary between the feeder leagues may have to transfer from one feeder league to another to maintain numerical balance.
650:). Schools parade in order of groups and ranking from last year contest, with the better ranked inside a group and the higher-tier groups having the privilege of going latter (this means the team has the opportunity of fixing issues with costumes and allegorical floats as well as more rehearsal time). The number of promoted and relegated schools, four until 1997, has been diminishing as time passes, becoming two from 1998 to 2007 and being only one nowadays. There has never been an official reason for that, but it is a fact that the relegated schools have more to lose nowadays, such as access to the
175:
40:
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468:, the first governing body in English football survived the onset of professionalism, which it formally accepted in 1885. Perhaps the great geographical concentration of population and the corresponding short distances between urban centres was crucial. Certainly it provided the opportunity for more clubs' developing large fan bases without incurring great travel costs. Professional football did not gain acceptance until after the turn of the 20th century in most of
320:
230:" to its relegated teams for the following year(s). The payouts are higher than the prize money received by some non-relegated teams and are designed to soften the financial hit that clubs take whilst dropping out of the Premier League. However, in many cases, these parachute payments just serve to inflate the costs of competing for promotion among the lower division clubs as newly relegated teams retain a financial advantage.
210:. Promotion and relegation have the effect of allowing the maintenance of a hierarchy of leagues and divisions, according to the relative strength of their teams. They also maintain the importance of games played by many low-ranked teams near the end of the season, which may be at risk of relegation. In contrast, the final games of a low-ranked US or Canadian team serve little purpose, and in fact
417:
traveling halfway across a continent for games. Indeed, after its first season, the new league banked on its still doubtful stability by expelling its members in New York and
Philadelphia (the two largest cities), because they had breached agreements to visit the four western clubs at the end of the season.
695:. This system forces the newly promoted teams to fight relegation from the very beginning of the season. It also allows teams with a low budget with previous good campaigns to compete in international competitions without having to prioritize the championship to avoid relegation; examples of this are
670:
based on the average performance over a number of seasons. Originally the previous two seasons, and later three or four seasons, clubs avoid relegation by having a high coefficient, which is obtained by dividing the points achieved in the last three seasons by the number of matches played in the same
491:
but rather the top competition within it. The new league was not universally accepted as
England's top-calibre competition right away. To help win fans of clubs outside The Football League, its circuit was not closed; rather, a system was established in which the worst teams at the end of each season
638:
used various systems of relegation to reconcile the number of countries wishing to participate (approximately 30 at the time) with the number of performances allowed considering time constraints of a live television program. The addition of a semi-final in 2004 allowed for more than 26 songs, but in
233:
In some countries and at certain levels, teams in line for promotion may have to satisfy certain non-playing conditions in order to be accepted by the higher league, such as financial solvency, stadium capacity, and facilities. If these are not satisfied, a lower-ranked team may be promoted in their
221:
Although not intrinsic to the system, problems can occur due to the differing monetary payouts and revenue-generating potential that different divisions provide to their clubs. For example, financial hardship has sometimes occurred in leagues where clubs do not reduce their wage bill once relegated.
553:
has a "ladder" that uses a promotion and relegation system, where individual players and pre-made teams can be promoted and relegated during the first few weeks of a league season, which generally lasts around 11 weeks, with promotion and relegation taking place based on a skill rating, which is in
420:
The NL's dominance of baseball was challenged several times after its first few years, but only by entire leagues. Eight clubs, the established norm for a national league, was a prohibitively high threshold for a new venture. Two challengers succeeded beyond the short-term, with the
National League
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in 1876, which has endured to the present day. The founders of the new League judged that in order to prosper, they must make baseball's highest level of competition a franchise based system with exclusive membership, a strict limit on the number of teams, and each member having exclusive rights to
678:
This system has both positive and negative aspects, since all of the matches played for the championship in the last seasons are included in the coefficient for the clubs. Teams have an incentive to score points in every match of the season, meaning teams that are not challenging for the title or
416:
The modest
National League guarantee of a place in the league year after year would permit the owners to monopolize fan bases in their exclusive territories and give them the confidence to invest in infrastructure, such as improved ballparks. In turn, those would guarantee the revenues to support
194:
The number of teams exchanged between the divisions is almost always identical. Exceptions occur when the higher division wishes to change the size of its membership, or has lost one or more of clubs (to financial insolvency or expulsion, for example) and wishes to restore its previous membership
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format, with the first-round losers entering play-offs with winners from regional groups to avoid relegation. In international tournaments, this format allows teams from countries in which a sport is less well established to have competitive matches, while opening up the possibility of competing
222:
This usually occurs for one of two reasons: first, the club can not move underperforming players on, or second, the club is gambling on being promoted back straight away and is prepared to take a financial loss for one or two seasons to do so. Some leagues (most notably
English football's
588:
are the only top-tier professional League of
Legends leagues to have promotion and relegation; North America's second-tier league, the North American Challengers League, also has promotion and relegation, as do the various regional leagues in Europe, but not with the top divisions.
598:
Majors used a similar system where in the top eight finishers of one of the bi-annual Majors are designated with the "Legends" seed and automatically qualified for the next Major tournament. The best six eliminated teams in the second stage (known as
526:
For decades, teams finishing near the bottom of The
Football League's lowest division(s) faced re-election rather than automatic relegation. But the principle of promotion and relegation had been firmly established, and it eventually expanded to the
195:
size, in which case fewer teams are relegated from that division, or (less often) more teams are accepted for promotion from the division below. Such variations usually cause a "knock-on" effect through the lower divisions. For example, in 1995 the
757:
683:
being champion of the Torneo
Apertura in 2009 and last place in the next championship, the Torneo Clausura 2010, without being relegated until the end of the Torneo Apertura 2010 with a second-to-last place finish.
404:. It responded to the trend – clubs secretly paying or indirectly compensating players – by establishing a "professional" class for 1869. As quickly as 1871, most of those clubs broke away and formed the
273:
have promotion and relegation, with a 'World Group' (split into two divisions in the Billie Jean King Cup) at the top and series of regional groups at a lower level. The World Groups in both use a
747:
995:
433:. The peace agreement between the NL and the AL did not change the "closed shop" of top-level baseball but entrenched it by including the AL in the shop. This was further confirmed by the
237:
While the primary purpose of the promotion and relegation system is to maintain competitive balance, it may also be used as a disciplinary tool in special cases. On several occasions, the
691:
finished last in the Torneo
Apertura 2008 and after two bad campaigns and a mediocre one was relegated in the Torneo Clausura 2011 despite being in fifth place and qualifying for the
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125:
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contest, a similar system is adopted, with the schools from lower divisions, or "groups", able to be promoted into the highest tier, being currently called the "Special Group" (
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used a promotion and relegation system, although the LCS moved away from this in 2018 for North
America LCS and 2019 for the European LCS (which was renamed to the
199:
voted to reduce its numbers by two and achieved the desired change by relegating four teams instead of the usual three, whilst allowing only two promotions from
50:(plus the highest tier in the non-league system). Their history shows how teams can move quickly between the levels through successive promotions or relegations.
405:
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is not typically used for StarCraft II e-sports tournaments, which have various kinds of structures depending on the organizer, the most important being the
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in place today. Meanwhile, The FA has remained English football's overall governing body, retaining amateur and professional clubs rather than breaking up.
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654:("Samba City") facilities. There have been reported several interferences on the contest's final result, especially when traditional schools are involved.
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clubs to try to achieve parity with The Football League (only to play at a lower level, like independent professional leagues in American baseball today).
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611:. Starting in 2020, however, this was changed to a Regional Major Ranking system, at first a points-based system which was used for ESL One Rio 2020 and
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fighting relegation in the current season want to win even in the final matches to reduce the risk of relegation in the next season; examples are
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615:(The top rankings from the ESL One Rio 2020 RMRs were turned into PGL Stockholm 2021 points once IEM Rio was cancelled due to the
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against higher ranked nations as a sport grows. Other international tournaments which employ promotion and relegation include the
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408:(NAPBBP). That new, professional Association was open at a modest fee, but it proved to be unstable. It was replaced by the
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At least one economically and competitively viable incumbent was excluded, the second of three 1875 clubs in Philadelphia.
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389:(NABBP) was established in 1857 as a national governing body for the game. In many respects, it would resemble England's
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An alternate system of league organization, used primarily in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States, is a
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845:. Today, England's population is twice that of Texas, with slightly less than one-fifth of Texas' land area.
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996:"Crivella teria interferido no resultado do carnaval de 2018, segundo investigação do Ministério Público"
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265:, and many other parts of the world. It may be used in international sports tournaments. In tennis, the
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to a higher division for the next season, and the worst-ranked team(s) in the higher division are
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to the lower division for the next season. During the season, teams that are high enough in the
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953:. Article discusses the financial disparity between the Premier League and the Football League]
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period. Teams with the lowest points coefficient at the end of the season are relegated to the
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1010:"La historia de los promedios en el fútbol argentino: cómo y cuándo se inventaron | Goal.com"
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607:) with another ten teams from the Minors qualifying tournaments in order to compete at the
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8:
816:, the longest road trip in Major League Baseball before 1953, is similar to that between
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In a system of promotion and relegation, the best-ranked team(s) in a lower division are
1084:"El final de un invento argentino: los promedios dejarán de existir dentro de tres años"
1981:
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List of association football clubs with multiple consecutive promotions or relegations
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2008 automatic qualification of the previous year's top 10 to the final was removed.
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116:. This maintains the same teams from year to year, with occasional admission of
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The system is said to be the defining characteristic of the "European" form of
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In baseball, the earliest American sport to develop professional leagues, the
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Promotion and relegation is used in international sports leagues such as in
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1134:
Source for historical information on promoted and relegated football clubs.
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245:. This occurred most recently in 2006, when the season's initial champions
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in place of its worst teams. Another merger, with the top division of the
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to such teams because they offer a better position in the next year's
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that they would qualify for promotion are sometimes said to be in the
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813:
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List of association football leagues without promotion and relegation
580:), while the LCK moved away from the system in 2020. As of 2023, the
425:
after a decade (concluded 1891). In 1903 it accepted parity with the
400:
Baseball's National Association was not able to survive the onset of
266:
69:. Leagues that use promotion and relegation systems are often called
443:, giving MLB a legal monopoly over professional baseball in the US.
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place, or a team in the league above may be saved from relegation.
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as a process where teams can move up and down among divisions in a
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major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada
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t is Leeds who are in the promotion zone of the Championship....
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in similar fashion. Since then no new league has been formed of
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in their early years and welcomed hundreds of clubs as members.
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487:) was founded in 1888, it was not intended to be a rival of
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982:"Liesa suspende rebaixamento de escolas de samba neste ano"
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603:) of the Major would play a "qualifying" stage (known as
472:. The earliest league members travelled only through the
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have followed the MLB model of a franchise based system.
878:—have a combined land area slightly larger than that of
619:) and then a series of offline qualifiers starting with
429:
and the formation of the organization that would become
1032:"La verdadera historia de la creaciĂłn de los promedios"
658:
Argentinian football and the average performance system
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have played in all fully professional divisions of the
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National Association of Professional Base Ball Players
554:
turn based on wins and losses. However, this form of
30:"Relegation" redirects here. Not to be confused with
27:
Process where teams are transferred between divisions
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From 1957 to 1966 and from 1983 to the present, the
453:
241:has relegated clubs found to have been involved in
539:Promotion and relegation has been used in several
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410:National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs
841:To emphasize this point, compare England with
753:List of unrelegated association football clubs
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964:"StarCraft II Ladder, League, and Season FAQ"
910:
726:Also, a similar system was used only in the
534:
1167:
393:when founded in 1863. Both espoused strict
381:Early baseball leagues in the United States
348:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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858:that encompass the Midlands and North—the
387:National Association of Base Ball Players
368:Learn how and when to remove this message
309:
507:, whose best teams would move up to the
440:Federal Baseball Club v. National League
173:
166:fans celebrated promotion to the German
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124:, and with no team movement between the
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1188:Professional sports league organization
578:League of Legends European Championship
208:professional sports league organization
14:
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1132:Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
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1141:
808:For comparison, the distance between
570:League of Legends Championship Series
89:, and those at the bottom are in the
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346:adding citations to reliable sources
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65:, based on their performance over a
496:against any clubs wishing to join.
24:
483:When The Football League (now the
421:fighting off a challenge from the
25:
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715:adopted the same system in 2016.
574:League of Legends Champions Korea
454:Early football leagues in England
2449:Association football terminology
911:Buckley, Will (27 August 2005).
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280:Ice Hockey World Championships
48:English football league system
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1:
1038:(in Spanish). 24 October 2017
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734:Campeonato Brasileiro SĂ©rie A
721:Colombian CategorĂa Primera A
288:Floorball World Championships
1713:United States Virgin Islands
201:Football League Division One
122:relocation of existing teams
7:
913:"Hulse sinks limp Canaries"
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1198:Promotion and relegation
876:Yorkshire and the Humber
713:Uruguayan First Division
664:Argentine First Division
642:In Brazilian carnival's
489:The Football Association
212:losing may be beneficial
55:Promotion and relegation
1168:League systems in sport
786:Both were associations
636:Eurovision Song Contest
485:English Football League
296:CONCACAF Nations League
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693:2011 Copa Sudamericana
681:Club Atlético Banfield
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310:Historical comparisons
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998:. 12 September 2020.
790:despite their names.
499:A rival league, the
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391:Football Association
342:improve this section
300:World Cricket League
271:Billie Jean King Cup
251:2006 Serie A scandal
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697:Club Atlético Lanús
292:UEFA Nations League
275:knockout tournament
257:International sport
2454:Sports terminology
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1058:"Maldito Promedio"
872:North West England
868:North East England
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1107:"Más de lo mismo"
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601:New Legends Stage
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145:Södertälje SK
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130:minor leagues
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71:open leagues.
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63:League system
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2259:Rugby league
1693:Sint Maarten
1688:Saint Martin
1520:South Africa
1410:Burkina Faso
1377:Turkmenistan
1352:Saudi Arabia
1197:
1111:. Retrieved
1109:(in Spanish)
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1086:(in Spanish)
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1064:(in Spanish)
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1012:(in Spanish)
1004:
990:
976:
968:StarCraft II
967:
958:
951:The Guardian
950:
935:
927:
920:. Retrieved
917:The Observer
916:
906:
898:Bibliography
897:
896:
850:
837:
804:
795:
787:
782:
773:
772:
725:
686:
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667:
661:
647:
644:samba school
641:
633:
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593:
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560:ESL Pro Tour
550:StarCraft II
548:
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419:
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399:
384:
364:
358:January 2023
355:
340:Please help
328:
260:
243:match fixing
236:
232:
220:
205:
193:
126:major league
110:closed model
107:
102:
98:
95:colloquially
90:
86:
83:league table
78:
74:
70:
54:
53:
36:
2305:New Zealand
2282:Rugby union
2139:Continental
2097:Switzerland
2022:Netherlands
1804:New Zealand
1678:Puerto Rico
1618:El Salvador
1465:Ivory Coast
1302:South Korea
1237:Afghanistan
1218:Association
854:The modern
730:edition of
689:River Plate
687:Similarly,
556:matchmaking
494:re-election
186:to English
149:Leksands IF
57:is used by
2443:Categories
2366:Ice hockey
2325:Water polo
2131:Basketball
2062:San Marino
2017:Montenegro
2002:Luxembourg
1977:Kazakhstan
1852:Azerbaijan
1663:Montserrat
1653:Martinique
1628:Guadeloupe
1598:Costa Rica
1510:Seychelles
1490:Mozambique
1475:Madagascar
1425:Cape Verde
1367:Tajikistan
1262:East Timor
1252:Bangladesh
1113:30 January
1105:ladiaria.
1090:30 January
1068:30 January
1042:30 January
1016:30 January
940:"Football"
769:References
763:Yo-yo club
521:non-league
458:See also:
446:The other
395:amateurism
188:League One
178:... while
168:Bundesliga
114:franchises
32:Regulation
18:Relegation
2351:Davis Cup
1997:Lithuania
1942:Gibraltar
1776:Venezuela
1731:Argentina
1668:Nicaragua
1633:Guatemala
1480:Mauritius
1357:Singapore
1282:Indonesia
1272:Hong Kong
1242:Australia
888:Lithuania
830:Amsterdam
822:Frankfurt
814:St. Louis
668:Promedios
543:leagues.
329:does not
267:Davis Cup
226:) offer "
151:during a
99:drop zone
79:relegated
2410:Scotland
2310:Scotland
2236:Handball
2160:National
2082:Slovenia
2077:Slovakia
2067:Scotland
2047:Portugal
1872:Bulgaria
1761:Paraguay
1751:Colombia
1723:CONMEBOL
1643:Honduras
1563:Barbados
1543:Anguilla
1535:CONCACAF
1440:Djibouti
1420:Cameroon
1372:Thailand
1342:Pakistan
1327:Mongolia
1322:Malaysia
1220:football
943:Archived
788:of clubs
742:See also
474:Midlands
302:and the
247:Juventus
190:in 2011.
170:in 2015.
136:Overview
75:promoted
2392:Germany
2356:Fed Cup
2333:Hungary
2300:Ireland
2290:England
2249:Hungary
2244:Denmark
2187:Iceland
2182:Hungary
2172:Germany
2112:Ukraine
2106:women's
2052:Romania
2012:Moldova
1962:Ireland
1957:Iceland
1952:Hungary
1936:women's
1932:Germany
1927:Georgia
1917:Finland
1907:Estonia
1901:women's
1897:England
1892:Denmark
1877:Croatia
1862:Belgium
1857:Belarus
1847:Austria
1842:Armenia
1837:Andorra
1832:Albania
1771:Uruguay
1756:Ecuador
1736:Bolivia
1648:Jamaica
1608:Curaçao
1578:Bonaire
1573:Bermuda
1558:Bahamas
1525:Tunisia
1515:Somalia
1500:RĂ©union
1495:Nigeria
1485:Morocco
1435:Comoros
1415:Burundi
1405:Algeria
1387:Vietnam
1332:Myanmar
1312:Lebanon
1247:Bahrain
1036:Infobae
922:16 June
856:regions
541:eSports
350:removed
335:sources
2402:Shinty
2343:Tennis
2295:France
2272:France
2222:Turkey
2212:Serbia
2207:Russia
2202:Poland
2177:Greece
2167:France
2146:Europe
2102:Turkey
2092:Sweden
2072:Serbia
2057:Russia
2042:Poland
2037:Norway
1987:Latvia
1982:Kosovo
1967:Israel
1947:Greece
1922:France
1882:Cyprus
1814:Tuvalu
1741:Brazil
1673:Panama
1658:Mexico
1588:Canada
1568:Belize
1362:Taiwan
1307:Kuwait
884:Latvia
874:, and
818:Madrid
810:Boston
711:. The
298:, the
294:, the
290:, the
263:Europe
67:season
2428:Japan
2315:Wales
2217:Spain
2197:Japan
2192:Italy
2117:Wales
2087:Spain
2007:Malta
1972:Italy
1746:Chile
1638:Haiti
1553:Aruba
1470:Kenya
1455:Ghana
1445:Egypt
1347:Qatar
1317:Macau
1297:Japan
1277:India
1257:China
886:, or
843:Texas
824:, or
774:Notes
703:, or
478:North
466:NABBP
216:draft
182:fans
155:game.
2420:Sumo
1824:UEFA
1766:Peru
1603:Cuba
1292:Iraq
1287:Iran
1267:Guam
1115:2018
1092:2018
1070:2018
1044:2018
1018:2018
924:2012
828:and
826:Rome
820:and
812:and
728:1999
719:and
592:The
584:and
572:and
476:and
333:any
331:cite
269:and
128:and
120:and
97:the
1786:OFC
1397:CAF
1229:AFC
344:by
253:).
105:).
101:or
2445::
1060:.
1034:.
966:.
949:,
926:.
915:.
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870:,
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2108:)
2104:(
1938:)
1934:(
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1899:(
1161:e
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1020:.
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832:.
371:)
365:(
360:)
356:(
352:.
338:.
147:-
93:(
34:.
20:)
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