Religious war - Knowledge

4345:(2009) argues that the very concept of "religion" is a modern Western concept that was invented recently in history. As such, he argues that the concept of "religious violence" or "religious wars" are incorrectly used to anachronistically label people and conflicts as participants in religious ideologies that never existed in the first place. The concept of "religion" as an abstraction which entails distinct sets of beliefs or doctrines is a recently invented concept in the English language since such usage began with texts from the 17th century due to the splitting of Christendom during the Protestant Reformation and more prevalent colonization or globalization in the age of exploration which involved contact with numerous foreign and indigenous cultures with non-European languages. It was in the 17th century that the concept of "religion" received its modern shape despite the fact that the Bible, the Quran, and other ancient sacred texts did not have a concept of religion in the original languages and neither did the people or the cultures in which these sacred texts were written. The modern word 82: 7357:Črnič & Lesjak (2003): "Religion played an important role in the wars, which took place in the early and mid 1990s, and shattered a large part of the Balkans (see Velikonja 2003). These were not religious wars in which Serbian Christian (Orthodox) troops would assume the role of the last bastian against the Muslim advance on the West, although this is how they were often interpreted in Western Europe and the USA. However, religion did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks that were actually nationalistic in nature. Thus, religion was merged with national identity. It was made to appear that all (real) Serbs had to be Orthodox, just as all Croatians had to be Catholics, and Bosnians had to be Muslims." 6197:

Muslims in the south. A military coup d'état led by lower and middle-ranking officers, some of them Igbo, overthrew the NPC-NCNC dominated government. Prime Minister Balewa along with other northern and western government officials were assassinated during the coup. The coup was considered an Igbo plot to overthrow the northern dominated government. A counter-coup was launched by mostly northern troops. Between June and July there was a mass exodus of Ibo from the north and west. Over 1.3 million Ibo fled the neighboring regions in order to escape persecution as anti-Ibo riots increased. The aftermath of the anti-Ibo riots led many to believe that security could only be gained by separating from the North.

5703:(r. 539–571) maintained Shinto as the royal religion, but allowed the Soga to erect a temple for the statue of Buddha. Afterwards, an epidemic broke out, which Shintoists attributed to the anger of the native gods to the intrusion of Buddhism; in reaction, some burnt down the Buddhist temple and threw the Buddha statue into a canal. However, the epidemic worsened, which Buddhists in turn interpreted as the anger of Buddha to the sacrilege committed against his temple and statue. Both during the 585 and 587 wars of succession, the opposing camps were drawn along the Shinto–Buddhist divide, and the Soga clan's victory resulted in the imposition of Buddhism as the Yamato court religion under the regency of 4630: 5027: 8052:. p.xxii. "Wars have always arisen, and arise today, from territorial disputes, military rivalries, conflicts of ethnicity, and strivings for commercial and economic advantage, and they have always depended on, and depend on today, pride, prejudice, coercion, envy, cupidity, competitiveness, and a sense of injustice. But for much of the world before the 17th century, these “reasons” for war were explained and justified, at least for the participants, by religion. Then, around the middle of the 17th century, Europeans began to conceive of war as a legitimate means of furthering the interests of individual sovereigns." 5691:. Although the political power each of the clans could wield over the royal family was also an important factor, and was arguably a strategic reason for the Soga to adopt and promote Buddhism as a means to increase their authority, the religious beliefs from both doctrines, as well as religious explanations from events that happened after the arrival of Buddhism, were also causes of the conflict that escalated to war. Whereas the Soga argued that Buddhism was a better religion because it had come from China and Korea, whose civilisations were widely regarded as superior and to be emulated in 4105: 6391: 4909: 5990: 5623:"began the conflict", while "fighting began after King Wenceslaus died, shortly after the defenestration" (that is, after 19 August 1419). Nolan described the wars' goals and character as follows: "The main aim of the Hussites was to prevent the hated Sigismund mounting the throne of Bohemia, but fighting between Bohemian Hussites and Catholics spread into Moravia. (...) cross-class support gave the Hussite Wars a tripartite and even 'national' character unusual for the age, and a religious and social unity of purpose, faith, and hate". 5846: 5826:, but tried to express and legitimise their opposition and rebellion in terms of a legal revolt against a monarch who had violated crucial constitutional principles and thus had to be overthrown. They even warned their Parliamentarian allies to not make overt use of religious arguments in making their case for war against the king. However, in some cases it may be argued that they hid their pro-Anglican and anti-Catholic motives behind legal parlance, for example by emphasising that the 6038:; the other party is sometimes presented as an ethnic group which is multi-religious (although most numerously consisting of Muslims, then Christians, then other religious groups up to and including Samaritans and even Jews). Yet despite the multi-religious composition of both of the parties in the conflict, elements on both sides often view it as a religious war between Jews and Muslims. In 1929, religious tensions between Muslim and Jewish Palestinians over the latter praying at the 5140: 5105:, to be a holy war, with Niditch (1995) asserting the presence of a "priestly ideology of war in Numbers 31". Hamilton (2005) argued that the two major concerns of Number 31 are the idea that war is a defiling activity, but Israelite soldiers need to be ritually pure, so they may only fight wars for a holy cause, and are required to cleanse themselves afterwards to restore their ritual purity. The Israelite campaign against Midian was blessed by the Israelite god 4185:, conflicts may not be rooted strictly in religion and instead may be a cover for the underlying secular power, ethnic, social, political, and economic reasons for conflict. Other scholars have argued that what is termed "religious wars" is a largely "Western dichotomy" and a modern invention from the past few centuries, arguing that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. In several conflicts including the 5113:' commandment to also kill the captive male children and non-virgin women was a marked departure from these regulations. He concluded: "Many aspects of this holy war text may be troublesome to a contemporary reader. But understood within the symbolic world of the ancient writers of Numbers, the story of the war against the Midianites is a kind of dress rehearsal that builds confidence and hope in anticipation of the actual conquest of Canaan that lay ahead." 14028: 5334:"Never was there a war more prolonged nor more cruel than this, nor one that required greater efforts on the part of the Frankish people. For the Saxons (...) are by nature fierce, devoted to the worship of demons and hostile to our religion, and they think it no dishonour to confound and transgress the laws of God and man. On both sides of the frontier murder, robbery, and arson were of constant occurrence, so the Franks declared open war against them." 5093:"Holy war" is a Western concept referring to war that is fought for religion, against adherents of other religions, often in order to promote religion through conversion, and with no specific geographic limitation. This concept does not occur in the Hebrew Bible, whose wars are not fought for religion or in order to promote it but, rather, in order to preserve religion and a religiously unique people in relation to a specific and limited geography. 12074: 6324: 6578:, an overview of the Iranian leaders' speeches and martyrs' statements reveals that religion significantly motivated people to take part in the war. (...) The Iranian leadership painted the war as a battle between believers and unbelievers, Muslims and infidels, and the true and the false." Iran cited religious reasons to justify continuing combat operations, for example in the face of Saddam's offer of peace in mid-1982, rejected by 2100: 4116: 5486: 4645:), whereby fighting itself might be considered a penitential and spiritually meritorious act. During the ninth and tenth centuries, multiple invasions occurred which led some regions to make their own armies to defend themselves and this slowly lead to the emergence of the Crusades, the concept of "holy war", and terminology such as "enemies of God" in the 11th century. In early Christianity, St. Augustine's concept of 14038: 5401:, an object sacred to the Saxons. Per Ullidtz (2014) stated that previous Frankish–Saxon conflicts spanning almost a century "had been mostly a border war", "but under Charles it changed character": because of "Charles' idea of unity, of a king over all German tribes, and of universal Christianity in all of his kingdom, it changed into a mission from heaven." Similarly, a successful 10077: 5837:: "Seen in this light, the defenses of Parliament's war, with their apparent legal-constitutional thrust, are not at all ways of saying that the struggle was not religious. On the contrary, they are ways of saying that it was." Burgess concluded: "he Civil War left behind it just the sort of evidence that we could reasonably expect a war of religion to leave." 4270:): "After all, it is perfectly acceptable to suggest that a worldly prince, say, a Lutheran prince in Reformation Germany, engages in religious warfare using mercenary armies." While a holy war needs to be authorised by a religious leader and fought by pious soldiers, a religious war does not, he reasoned. His definition of 'war of religion' thus became: 10630:

predominantly non-Muslim south ... Opposition to the sharia, especially to the application of hudud (sing., hadd), or Islamic penalties, such as the public amputation of hands for theft, was not confined to the south and had been a principal factor leading to the popular uprising of April 1985 that overthrew the government of Jaafar an Nimeiri

6648:(religiously permitted or legal). Randal (1998, 2019) argued that 'Al Anfal' was "a curious nod to Islam" by the Ba'athist government, because it had originally been known as a "militantly secular regime". Some commentators have concluded that the code name was meant to serve as "a religious justification" for the campaign against the Kurds. 5456:(2002) concluded: "The traditional explanation for the Crusades (a religious enthusiasm that found an outlet in a Holy War) has also retained its value in modern historical scholarship, keeping in mind the fact that it has been pointed out that a complex set of socio-economic and political factors allowed this enthusiasm to manifest itself." 5981:, a large Greek nation-state based on shared language rather than religion. Both of these grand objectives failed, but a smaller version of the latter goal was accepted by most members of the Eteria by 1823, and this goal was generally compatible with the motives of philhellenes who travelled to Greece to enter the war in 1821–1823. 4178:, the definition of 'religious war' (taking religious traditions on violence such as 'holy war' into account), and the applicability of religion to war as opposed to other possible factors. Answers to these questions heavily influence conclusions on how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other types of wars. 10071: 6890: 4293:

Some commentators have questioned the applicability of religion to war, in part because the word "religion" itself is difficult to define, particularly posing challenges when one tries to apply it to non-Western cultures. Secondly, it has been argued that religion is difficult to isolate as a factor,

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The factors that provoked the military coup, primarily the closely intertwined issues of Islamic law and of the civil war in the south, remained unresolved in 1991. The September 1983 implementation of the sharia throughout the country had been controversial and provoked widespread resistance in the

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In effect, the extremist Catholic and Orthodox forces were colluding in a bloody partition and cleansing of Bosnia–Herzegovina. They were, and still are, largely spared the public shame of this, because the world's media preferred the simplification of "Croat" and "Serb", and only mentioned religion

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In the English-speaking Western world, "Judaism" is often considered a "religion," but there are no equivalent words for "Judaism" or for "religion" in Hebrew; there are words for "faith," "law," or "custom" but not for "religion" if one thinks of the term as meaning solely the beliefs and practices

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Permission ˹to fight back˺ is ˹hereby˺ granted to those being fought, for they have been wronged. And Allah is truly Most Capable of helping them ˹prevail˺. ˹They are˺ those who have been expelled from their homes for no reason other than proclaiming: "Our Lord is Allah." Had Allah not repelled ˹the

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It was in the 19th century that the terms "Buddhism", "Hinduism", "Taoism", and "Confucianism" first emerged. Throughout its long history, Japan had no concept of "religion" since there was no corresponding Japanese word, nor anything close to its meaning, but when American warships appeared off the

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are a prime example of wars whose religious elements have been extensively debated for centuries, with some groups of people in some periods emphasising, restoring or overstating the religious aspects, and other groups of people in some periods denying, nuancing or downplaying the religious aspects

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which, in the ancient and medieval world, was understood as an individual virtue of worship, never as doctrine, practice, or actual source of knowledge. Cavanaugh argued that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. Similar opinions were expressed

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The war flared again in 1983 after then-President Jaafar Nimeri abrogated the peace accord and announced he would turn Sudan into a Muslim Arab state, where Islamic law, or sharia, would prevail, including in the southern provinces. Sharia can include amputation of limbs for theft, public flogging

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Tensions with Uyghurs and Hui arose because Qing and Republican Chinese authorities used Hui troops and officials to dominate the Uyghurs and crush Uyghur revolts. Xinjiang's Hui population increased by over 520 percent between 1940 and 1982, an average annual growth rate of 4.4 percent, while the

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remarked in 1877: "The Greek war of independence has never been called a religious war, and yet it had a better claim to that appellation than many a conflict which has been so named by the chroniclers of the past. It is a significant fact that the standard of revolt was raised by no mere patriot,

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terms: "The war we are waging against the Turks, far from being founded in demagoguery, seditiousness or the selfish interests of any one part of the Greek nation, is a national and holy war (...). It is from these principles of natural rights and desiring to assimilate ourselves with our European

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that preceded it. The exact number of refugees is a matter of dispute, though the number of Palestine refugees and their unsettled descendants registered with UNRWA is more than 4.3 million. The causes remain the subject of fundamental disagreement between Palestinians and Israelis. Both Jews and

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documented 1763 notable wars in world history, out of which 121 wars were in the "religious wars" category in the index. They note that before the 17th century, much of the "reasons" for conflicts were explained through the lens of religion and that after that time wars were explained through the

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In their 2015 review of violence and peacemaking in world religions, Irfan Omar and Michael Duffey stated: "This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence."

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in Northern Ireland, often portrayed as a religious conflict of a Catholic vs. a Protestant faction, while the more fundamental cause of the conflict was supposedly ethnic or nationalistic rather than religious in nature. Since the native Irish were mostly Catholic and the later British-sponsored

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John Morreall and Tamara Sonn (2013) have argued that since there is no consensus on definitions of "religion" among scholars and no way to isolate "religion" from the rest of the more likely motivational dimensions (social, political, and economic); it is incorrect to label any violent event as

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Inter-ethnic conflict in Nigeria has generally had a religious element. Riots against Igbo in 1953 and in the 1960s in the north were said to have been sparked by religious conflict. The riots against Igbo in the north in 1966 were said to have been inspired by radio reports of mistreatment of

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forces, left the country in 1946. The Christians assumed power over the country and its economy. A confessional Parliament was created in which Muslims and Christians were given quotas of seats. As well, the president was to be a Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim and the speaker of

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lens of wars as a way to further sovereign interests. Some commentators have concluded that only 123 wars (7%) out of these 1763 wars were fundamentally originated by religious motivations. Andrew Holt (2018) traced the origin of the "only 123 religious wars" claim back to the 2008 book

5201:: ਧਰਮਯੁਧ) is a term which is variously translated as 'religious war', 'war of righteousness', 'war in defence of righteousness', or 'war for justice'. Though some core tenets in the Sikh religion are understood to emphasise peace and nonviolence, especially before the 1606 execution of 5109:, and could therefore be considered a holy war. Olson (2012), who believed the war narrative to be a fictional story with a theological purpose, noted that the Israelite soldiers' actions in Numbers 31 closely followed the holy war regulations set out in Deuteronomy 20:14, although 4591:: "Quite unlike what we find with the Greeks, holy war permeated ancient Israelite society." Moreover, ever since the pioneering study of Manfred Weippert, "»Heiliger Krieg« in Israel und Assyrien" (1972), scholars have been comparing the holy war concept in the (monotheistic) 9181: 4919:

While technically, the millennium of Muslim conquests could be classified as "religious war", the applicability of the term has been questioned. The reason is that the very notion of a "religious war" as opposed to a "secular war" is the result of the Western concept of the

5045:(2012) stated "that holy war is a common theme in the Hebrew Bible. Divinely legitimized through the authority of biblical scripture and its interpretation, holy war became a historical reality for the Jews of antiquity. Among at least some of the Jewish groups of the late 10516:

when discussing "the Muslims." But the triad of terms "Croat," "Serb," and "Muslim" is unequal and misleading, in that it equates two nationalities and one religion. (The same blunder is made in a different way in coverage of Iraq, with the "Sunni-Shia-Kurd" trilateral.)

5814:(1993) stating: "The English Civil War was not the first European revolution: it was the last of the Wars of Religion." This view has been criticised by various pre-, post- and anti-revisionist historians. Glen Burgess (1998) examined political propaganda written by the 6484:

that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. The amnesty was not extended to crimes perpetrated against foreign diplomats or certain crimes referred by the cabinet to the Higher Judicial Council. In May 1991, the militias (with the important exception of

4251:') based merely on a motive that a belligerent may have had, does not necessarily make it one. Although ulterior motives may never be known, war proclamations do provide evidence for a belligerent's legitimisation of the war to the public. Repgen therefore concluded: 4961:

aggression of˺ some people by means of others, destruction would have surely claimed monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which Allah's Name is often mentioned. Allah will certainly help those who stand up for Him. Allah is truly All-Powerful, Almighty.

7214: 6899: 5370:, which was seen by Catholics as heretical. During his war with the Arian Visigoths, Clovis reportedly said: "I take it very hard that these Arians hold part of the Gauls. Let us go with God's help and conquer them and bring the land under our control." 4255:...wars should only be termed , in so far as at least one of the belligerents lays claim to 'religion', a religious law, in order to justify his warfare and to substantiate publicly why his use of military force against a political authority should be a 6720:" was frequently used. Some scholars have stated that they "were not religious wars", but acknowledged that "religion played an important role in the wars" and "did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks". 8177:"Here each company of youths sacrifices a puppy to Enyalius, holding that the most valiant of tame animals is an acceptable victim to the most valiant of the gods. I know of no other Greeks who are accustomed to sacrifice puppies except the people of 4361:

There is no precise equivalent of "religion" in Hebrew, and there is no clear definition of jewishness, it could be defined by religion, roots of national origin and ethnic. Jewishness could have been multi-racial. In the Quran, the Arabic word

4266:(2006) argued that Repgen's definition of 'religious war' was too narrow, because sometimes both legitimisation and motivation can be established. David Onnekink (2013) added that a 'religious war' is not necessarily the same as a 'holy war' ( 5615:. Nolan (2006) named religion as one of several significant causes, summarising the Hussites' motives as "doctrinal as well as 'nationalistic' and constitutional", and providing a series of issues that led to war: the trial and execution of 13054: 3079: 10163: 5513:

were not all equally motivated by religion, and that a distinction should be made between 'secular rulers' on the one hand, and on the other hand Christian military orders which came from elsewhere (including the three main orders of

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were religious conflicts. The Mahabharata was fought over the inheritance of the kingdom of Hastinapura. Ramayana was fought over the abduction of Rama's wife Sita by Ravana. The two epics are of great importance in Hindu tradition.

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The definition of 'religious war' and the applicability of religion to war have a strong influence on how many wars may be properly labelled 'religious wars', and thus how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other wars.

5935:(1821–1829) has sometimes been considered a religious war between Christians and Muslims, especially in its early phase. The Greek Declaration of Independence (issued on 15 January 1822) legitimised the armed rebellion against the 4455:' (co-religionists) was (one of) the primary cause(s) of 14% of all wars during 1648–1714, 11% during 1715–1814, 10% during 1815–1914, and 0% during 1918–1941 and 1945–1989. Additionally, he found 'ethnic/religious unification/ 4924:. No such division has ever existed in the Islamic world, and consequently, there cannot be a real division between wars that are "religious" from such that are "non-religious". Islam does not have any normative tradition of 6310:, and generally do not want to get involved in conflicts in other countries over Islam for fear of being perceived as radical. Hui and Uyghur live apart from each other, praying separately and attending different mosques. 6005:

between two parties where one party is most often portrayed as a singular ethno-religious group which only consists of the Jewish majority and ignores non-Jewish minority Israeli citizens who support the existence of a

4653:) was widely accepted, but warfare was not regarded as a virtuous activity and expressions of concern for the salvation of those who killed enemies in battle, regardless of the cause for which they fought, was common. 7142: 7025: 6976: 6823: 6465:, arrived in Lebanon. Palestinians came to play a very important role in future Lebanese civil conflicts, and the establishment of Israel radically changed the local environment in which Lebanon found itself. 7159: 7161: 4247:(1987) pointed out that belligerents may have multiple intentions to wage a war, may have had ulterior motives that historians can no longer discover, and therefore, calling something a 'religious war' (or ' 6274:

were also set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than the mistaken assumption that it was all due to Islam that the rebellions broke out. During the Dungan revolt fighting broke out between

5542:). " were more committed to religious war than some of their secular counterparts, were opposed to treating with Muslims and carried out raids and even atrocities, such as decapitating Muslim prisoners." 4495:, edited by Gordon Martel, using the criteria that the armed conflict must involve some overt religious action, concludes that 6% of the wars listed in their encyclopedia can be labelled religious wars. 10528:

Bougarel, Xavier (2009). "Od "Muslimana" do "Bošnjaka": pitanje nacionalnog imena bosanskih muslimana" [From "Muslims" to "Bosniaks": the question of the national name of the Bosnian Muslims].

7818: 7160: 7007: 7006: 6111:, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, from the Arab perspective, was "a war of religion as much as, if not more than, a nationalist war over territory." This assertion has been challenged by other scholars. 9483: 6298:

Uyghur population only grew by 1.7 percent. This dramatic increase in the Hui population led inevitably to significant tensions between the Hui and Uyghur Muslim populations. Some old Uyghurs in

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coast of Japan in 1853 and forced the Japanese government to sign treaties demanding, among other things, freedom of religion, the country had to contend with this Western idea. According to the

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attempted to help to prevent this outcome, but he was killed by al-Ghazi. However, both polities exhausted their resources and manpower in this conflict, allowing the northward migration of the

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conflict where the Muslim central government's pursuits to impose sharia law on non-Muslim southerners led to violence, and eventually to the civil war. The war resulted in the independence of

6811: 6799: 6131:. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. This was fuelled by the British policy of " 10712:. p. 33. "The shari'a was imposed on non-Muslim Sudanese peoples in September 1983, and since that time Muslims in the north have been fighting a jihad against the non-Muslims in the south." 6801: 6235:, the discrimination against the majority Buddhist population generated the growth of Buddhist institutions as they sought to participate in national politics and gain better treatment. The 5116:

Dawn (2016, translating Rad 1958) stated: "From the earliest days of Israel's existence as a people, holy war was a sacred institution, undertaken as a cultic act of a religious community".

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immigrants were mainly Protestant, the terms become shorthand for the two cultures, but McGarry & O'Leary argued that it would be inaccurate to describe the conflict as a religious one.

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This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence.

13023: 6800: 3040: 7009: 6973: 6802: 6758: 7016: 6992: 6898: 4928:, and warfare has been integral part of Islamic history both for the defense and the spread of the faith since the time of Muhammad. This was formalised in the juristic definition of 8523: 5635:(1419–1438), they managed to resist." It did not mention the succession of Wenceslaus by Sigismund, but noted elsewhere that it was Sigismund's policy of Catholic Church unity which 11533: 9904: 7140: 6797: 8357: 7181: 6755: 6821: 6776: 7156: 6962: 6822: 4467: 4358:, widely recognized to be "religious" in motivation, noting that the warring factions were not necessarily split along confessional lines as much as along secular interests. 6997: 6969: 6819: 7207: 6987: 4416:

may serve as a cultural marker or ideological rationalization for a conflict that has deeper ethnic and cultural differences. They argued this specifically in the case of

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It has been argued that the antecedents of the war can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanon's administration by the

5631:(2002) described the Hussites as a "movement which developed from a religious denomination to a nationalist faction, opposed to German and Papal influence; in the bloody 6825: 6798: 6762: 6994: 6889: 6808: 4932:, which continues to hold normative power in contemporary Islam, inextricably linking political and religious justification of war. This normative concept is known as 4174:

or other aspects of a conflict are predominant in a given war. The degree to which a war may be considered religious depends on many underlying questions, such as the

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Velikonja, Mitja. "In hoc signo vinces: religious symbolism in the Balkan wars 1991–1995." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17.1 (2003): 25-40.

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until the middle of the second century, C.E., holy war was an operative institution. That is, Jews engaged in what is defined here as holy war." He mentioned the

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describes the battle as a "major turning point in the reconquista..." See Lynn Hunt, R. Po-chia Hsia, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie Smith,

7180: 7141: 10643:"PBS Frontline: "Civil war was sparked in 1983 when the military regime tried to impose sharia law as part of its overall policy to "Islamicize" all of Sudan."" 8019: 7236: 7154: 7040: 6901: 6828: 6796: 6795: 6789: 6769: 12563: 11800: 11193: 8288: 7901:

Introduction to the Science of Religion: four lectures delivered at the Royal institution, with two essays, On false analogies, and The philosophy of mythology

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and mostly concern the early period of Islam, from the 7th to 11th centuries, i.e. before the collapse of the Caliphate and the emergence of the various later

2572: 6982: 6824: 4451:(1991, p. 308, Table 12.2), who catalogued and categorised wars from 1648 to 1989 into 24 categories of 'issues that generated wars', 'protect religious 11728: 11581: 7611: 7144: 4459:' to be (one of) the primary cause(s) of 0% of all wars during 1648–1714 and 1715–1814, 6% during 1815–1914, 17% during 1918–1941, and 12% during 1945–1989. 6815: 11672: 10222: 9958: 7944: 7231: 6991: 6810: 6761: 6589:

While Ba'athist Iraq has sometimes been described as a "secular dictatorship" before the war, and therefore in ideological conflict with the Shia Islamic '

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Midianite women, children and livestock taken captive by Israelite soldiers after all Midianite men had been killed and their towns burnt. Watercolour by

12771: 9762: 7024: 6759: 6086: 4409:. Medieval Japan at first had a similar union between "imperial law" and universal or "Buddha law", but these later became independent sources of power. 2788: 7189: 7184: 7169: 7036: 7015: 6816: 5695:(the central kingdom of Japan), the Mononobe and Nakatomi maintained that there should be continuity of tradition and that worshipping the native gods ( 7213: 7193: 7179: 7153: 6886: 6820: 6817: 6766: 7001: 6760: 13912: 13295: 11605: 10106: 9567: 7182: 7166: 7034: 6968: 6780: 6139:, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise 5799:

figured on the opposing sides of this conflict, though Catholic France took the side of the Protestants, but it did so for purely political reasons.

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In a country where the Buddhist majority was estimated to be between 70 and 90 percent, Diem ruled with a strong religious bias. As a member of the

12722: 9927: 9827: 6975: 6497: 4089: 2739: 9491: 7031: 6166:, up to 12.5 million people were displaced, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to a million. India emerged as a 11119: 10129: 9102:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Japan. §5.2 De introductie van de vastelandsbeschaving". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

8319: 7223: 7219: 7155: 7152: 6806: 10668: 9433: 7139: 7029: 6135:", which they tried to bring upon every political situation. Among the first to make the demand for a separate state was the writer/philosopher 4949:

from Mecca and the conversion of several inhabitants of the city to Islam. The first revelation concerning the struggle against the Meccans was

12643: 12006: 11479: 11473: 11273: 7919: 7216: 7176: 7150: 7138: 6767: 6100: 4209:—depending upon the observer's sympathies. However, studies on these cases often conclude that ethnic animosities drive much of the conflicts. 2652: 7202: 6989: 6963: 6778: 5549:, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (معركة العقاب), was fought on 16 July 1212 and it was an important turning point in both the 11776: 11692: 11660: 11467: 9717: 6686:" (or "Bosnian Muslims"). Traditional religious symbols were used during the wars. Notably, foreign Muslim volunteers came to Bosnia to wage 6496:

Some violence still occurred. In late December 1991 a car bomb (estimated to carry 220 pounds of TNT) exploded in the Muslim neighborhood of

4938:, an Arabic word with the meaning "to strive; to struggle" (viz. "in the way of God"), which includes the aspect of struggle "by the sword". 4754: 7230: 7010: 6574:. Peyman Asadzade (2019) stated: "Although the evidence suggests that religious motivations by no means contributed to Saddam's decision to 5089:

In 2016, however, Firestone made a distinction between what he regarded as the Hebrew Bible's concept and the 'Western' concept of holy war:

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on religious grounds, and to encourage all Christians within Ottoman territory to join the Greek revolutionaries; the other advocated the

13270: 12864: 12396: 11994: 11509: 9671: 7200: 7198: 7028: 6888: 6812: 6219:, resulting in hundreds of casualties. Officials estimated that 500 people were massacred in night-time raids by rampaging Muslim gangs. 6058: 3295: 2881: 2397: 10983:

Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679-1714). Konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV.

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that were waged from the end of the 11th century through the 13th century. Originally, the goal of the Crusaders was the recapture of

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massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which caused tension as more Hui moved into Kashgar from other parts of China. Some Hui criticize

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personified war. While he received occasional sacrifice from armies going to war, there was only a very limited "cult of Ares". In

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Western volunteers joined the war for quite different reasons, namely to 'regenerate' Greece and thereby Europe, motivated by

14041: 12622: 12553: 12281: 11788: 11252: 11183: 10957: 10460: 10433: 10376: 10298: 9858: 9665: 9583: 9552: 8946: 8689: 8448: 8049: 7709: 7594: 7465: 7038: 7027: 7013: 6092: 4218: 4194: 2631: 2562: 2282: 11836: 7186: 7008: 6896: 4777:, refers to the protocol to be followed by both parties at war. It sets the rules for both sides to conduct the war fairly ( 4216:, out of all 1,763 known/recorded historical conflicts, 121, or 6.87%, had religion as their primary cause. Matthew White's 13076: 12371: 12193: 7188: 7187: 7177: 6786: 6781: 4750: 4082: 3101: 2372: 2186: 9844: 8113: 7228: 7012: 6990: 6779: 5716: 13722: 13392: 13305: 13196: 12854: 12674: 12306: 12291: 11932: 11794: 11112: 10611: 9178: 7370:" was a broad Yugoslav religious demographic designation which applied to all Slavic-speaking Islamic inhabitants of the 6777: 6657: 6163: 4624: 4588: 4385:, what is called ancient religion today, would have only been understood as "law" by the people in the ancient world. In 4298:

as well as wars of religion when two rival claimants to a throne also represent opposing religions. Examples include the

3759: 3415: 3330: 3221: 2871: 2689: 2307: 2292: 1813: 81: 47: 10925: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7203: 7183: 13290: 12754: 11023: 9134: 8096: 8071: 7879: 7799: 7771: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7011: 6995: 6895: 6892: 6765: 3315: 2771: 2008: 1786: 396: 7143: 5953:, who came forward, strong in his spiritual dignity (...) to be the first champion in the cause of Hellenic liberty." 5213:, military force may be justified if all peaceful means to settle a conflict have been exhausted, thus resulting in a 12928: 12759: 12245: 12223: 11716: 11697: 11087: 11005: 10990: 10975: 10917: 10902: 10884: 10866: 10840: 10816: 10801: 10736: 10501: 10247: 10173: 10139: 9726: 9703: 9604: 9533: 9374: 8862: 8828: 8794: 8757: 8720: 8655: 8616: 8412: 8209: 8011: 7741: 7665: 7538: 7490: 7435: 6782: 6385: 6371: 5898:

came close to extinguishing the ancient realm of Abyssinia, and forcibly converting all of its surviving subjects to

4634: 2945: 2776: 2238: 2216: 1462: 11052: 10237: 9774: 8284: 7014: 6894: 6704:(2007) have argued that they were religious wars (Catholic versus Orthodox versus Islamic), and that terms such as " 6353: 13675: 13512: 13412: 12859: 12749: 11770: 10616: 7914: 7199: 7185: 7170: 7149: 6775: 5998: 4641:

According to historian Edward Peters, before the 11th century, Christians had not developed a concept of holy war (

4303: 4186: 3712: 3541: 3435: 2876: 2766: 1540: 43: 11092: 7619: 7162: 5973:, the main organisation driving the rebellion, was split between two groups: one advocated the restoration of the 4801:. The word Dharma may be interpreted variously as righteousness or responsibility or duty based on the context. 4701:

and Europe proper. Later, Crusades were launched against other targets, either for religious reasons, such as the

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conquests of Thuringia, Allemannia and Bavaria had also resulted in their Christianisation by 555, although the

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is often translated as "religion" in modern translations, but up to the mid-17th century, translators expressed

4315: 12381: 12036: 11734: 11105: 9800: 9694: 8577: 8252: 7569: 6893: 6670:(1992–1995) have been viewed as religious wars between the Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim populations of former 6594: 6582:'s declaration that the war would not end until Iran had defeated the Ba'athist regime and replaced it with an 6563: 6349: 6345: 5764:

maintains that " wars of religion of this period fought mainly for confessional security and political gain".

5434: 4921: 2382: 1649: 17: 12528: 11158: 10985:(Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz, 250) Göttingen, Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht, 7689: 7234: 7205: 7005: 6891: 5393:(2004) as "in essence a frontier struggle and a religious war against pagans – devil-worshippers according to 4274:

a war legitimised by religion and/or for religious ends (but possibly fought by secular leaders and soldiers).

2537: 13944: 13660: 12361: 12054: 12030: 11818: 11617: 6263: 6191: 5608: 5546: 4629: 4294:

and is often just one of many factors driving a war. For example, many armed conflicts may be simultaneously

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at the time. He asserted that this concept may have re-emerged in modern times within some factions of the

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and stoning. The war, fought between the government and several rebel groups, continued for two decades.

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Online supplementary appendix for "The King is Dead: Political Succession and War in Europe, 1000–1799"

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The term "religious war" was used to describe, controversially at the time, what are now known as the

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religion resisted the spread of Buddhism, and several military conflicts broke out, starting with the

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The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Volume 2

10794:

Holy War: How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations

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Palestinians make ethnic and historical claims to the land, and Jews make religious claims as well.

5151: 30:"Holy War" and "Wars of religion" redirect here. For the 16th–18th century conflicts in Europe, see 14072: 13577: 13465: 13312: 13081: 13013: 12836: 12791: 12653: 12533: 12510: 12446: 12376: 12260: 11782: 11366: 11341: 11283: 11163: 11132: 9149:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Tolteken". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

6521: 6334: 6303: 6128: 6069:, which annexed the West Bank portion of the mandate, since then, the region has been plagued with 5811: 5604: 5554: 5417:(7th and 8th century), with both tribes killing several Christian missionaries in defence of their 4412:

According to McGarry & O'Leary (1995), it is evident that religion as one aspect of a people's

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History and the Hebrew Bible: Studies in Ancient Israelite and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography

7058: Inter-Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto) 4620: 14031: 13860: 13840: 13702: 13692: 13650: 13280: 13121: 12978: 12973: 12943: 12938: 12881: 12816: 12801: 12734: 12707: 12692: 12095: 12059: 11563: 11485: 10576: 10196: 8712: 6757: 6462: 6446: 6338: 6244: 6120: 5780: 5558: 5497: 4307: 4299: 3905: 3885: 3739: 3729: 3687: 3305: 3146: 2995: 2990: 2960: 2955: 2898: 2833: 2818: 2751: 2724: 2709: 2083: 1991: 1973: 1729: 1288: 1210: 1155: 1035: 748: 411: 290: 12918: 2935: 13959: 13932: 13922: 13402: 13382: 13245: 13116: 13008: 12953: 12923: 12903: 12831: 12811: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12687: 12658: 12631: 12602: 12597: 12523: 12188: 12178: 12012: 11988: 11704: 11288: 11261: 11232: 11227: 11153: 8644:"Numbers 31. War against the Midianites: Judgment for Past Sin, Foretaste of a Future Conquest" 8182: 7427: 7367: 6740:

six years after the war ended. Sudan is majority-Muslim and South Sudan is majority-Christian.

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politicians and clerics at the time, noting that many were or may have been motivated by their

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Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India

8818: 8643: 8606: 7510: 7382:(Torbeši), but mostly consisted of the group of people who would not be officially be called " 5787:

states, Scandinavia (Sweden, primarily) and Poland were beset by religious warfare during the

5480: 4104: 14067: 13927: 13887: 13820: 13717: 13665: 13592: 13347: 13111: 13018: 12993: 12988: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12898: 12846: 12806: 12712: 12682: 12580: 12198: 11982: 11641: 11426: 11391: 11361: 11210: 11128: 10567:Črnič, Aleš; Lesjak, Gregor (2003). "Religious Freedom and Control in Independent Slovenia". 10489: 10290: 9850: 9364: 9163: 9124: 8784: 8747: 8706: 8199: 6642:) units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even women as spoils of war was 6547: 6490: 6019: 5570: 5562: 5231: 5021: 4897:

There were also a number of periods of infighting among Muslims; these are known by the term

3972: 3932: 3865: 3754: 3702: 3621: 3372: 3136: 3035: 3010: 3005: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2915: 2863: 2823: 2729: 2699: 2589: 2191: 1447: 1380: 1333: 982: 945: 908: 826: 778: 662: 472: 265: 169: 10423: 10031: 9574:, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights; Cleveland, William L. 9334: 8852: 8749:

The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements

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An Atheist Defends Religion : Why Humanity is Better Off with Religion than Without It

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were mostly framed in terms of a supposed Persian–Arab historical enmity, and Iraq-centred

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Christian brethren, that we have embarked upon our war against the Turks." Scottish writer

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on 19 August 1419 is the event that sparked the Hussite rebellion against his nominal heir

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This happened many times throughout history, beginning with Muhammad's battles against the

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and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by

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to recruit, mobilise and motivate its troops. On the other hand, justifications from the

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Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges

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The Myth of Religious Violence : Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict

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saw clashes between Muslim herders against Christian farmers near the volatile city of

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The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens

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began slowly to rebuild themselves as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution.

4908: 4866:. Until the 13th century, the Muslim conquests were those of a more or less coherent 4485:, which he notes is slightly adjusted compared to the 121 that is indeed found in the 14006: 13917: 13845: 13830: 13629: 13572: 13377: 13285: 13176: 13096: 12933: 12228: 12024: 11752: 11654: 11527: 11371: 11321: 11316: 11019: 11001: 10986: 10971: 10953: 10913: 10898: 10880: 10862: 10850: 10836: 10812: 10797: 10732: 10497: 10456: 10429: 10372: 10294: 10243: 10216: 10169: 10135: 9854: 9722: 9699: 9661: 9600: 9579: 9529: 9406: 9370: 9130: 8942: 8858: 8824: 8790: 8753: 8716: 8685: 8651: 8612: 8444: 8408: 8248: 8205: 8092: 8067: 8045: 7938: 7875: 7795: 7767: 7737: 7705: 7661: 7590: 7565: 7534: 7486: 7461: 7431: 7328: 6579: 6535: 6513: 6307: 6267: 6236: 6179: 6171: 6155: 5989: 5827: 5807: 5803: 5612: 5603:(1419–1434) is debated. Kokkonen & Sundell (2017) claimed that the death of king 5582: 5531: 5418: 5349: 5315: 5303: 5276: 5262: 5246:) against persons or states who allegedly committed sacrilegious acts before the god 5070: 5058: 5009: 4710: 4706: 4662: 4596: 4558: 4512: 4413: 4398: 4295: 4248: 4109: 4051: 3962: 3890: 3875: 3658: 3601: 3400: 3310: 3201: 3121: 2950: 2221: 2059: 1968: 1915: 1818: 1808: 1803: 1773: 1756: 1751: 1724: 1669: 1370: 1360: 1355: 1345: 1265: 1255: 1250: 1225: 1195: 1085: 1055: 1050: 1040: 1030: 1020: 935: 888: 858: 697: 490: 467: 401: 6616:

which narrates the triumph of 313 followers of the new Muslim faith over almost 900

2028: 13969: 13954: 13882: 13803: 13773: 13604: 13440: 13146: 12702: 12697: 12543: 12436: 12042: 11958: 11938: 11758: 11421: 11346: 11173: 10828: 10766: 10755:"Was the English Civil War a War of Religion? The Evidence of Political Propaganda" 10580: 10286: 9620: 7697: 6639: 6583: 6539: 6500:. At least 30 people were killed, and 120 wounded, including former Prime Minister 6175: 5974: 5884: 5872: 5788: 5594: 5523: 5359: 5295: 5291: 5269: 5255: 5079: 5075: 5050: 5042: 4997: 4875: 4687: 4402: 4319: 4222:

gives religion as the primary cause of 11 of the world's 100 deadliest atrocities.

4190: 4127: 4014: 3999: 3927: 3848: 3818: 3633: 3469: 3171: 2719: 2714: 2552: 2437: 2033: 1998: 1930: 1823: 1761: 1654: 1582: 1575: 1432: 1365: 1315: 1305: 1180: 1100: 1060: 1045: 1007: 992: 863: 848: 801: 709: 667: 610: 605: 563: 386: 363: 255: 179: 108: 91: 9549: 9018:

The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures: A Concise History: Volume I: To 1740

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The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials

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political factions. However, the conflict played out along three religious lines:

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were a military expansion on an unprecedented scale, beginning in the lifetime of

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had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the

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Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (March/April 2018) "What Makes a Conflict 'Religious'? in

10098: 10069: 7701: 6870: Islamist or Christian fundamentalist insurgency against secular government 4820:

does not provide a clear discussion on who has the authority to initiate a war (

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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volumes 276-278

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When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799

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Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

8385:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

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generally described the conflict as a religious war, and used the narrative of

6438: 6212: 5957:(1994) stated that "the uprising in 1821 was mainly a religious war", but that 5936: 5888: 5863: 5831: 5704: 5700: 5468: 4981: 4887: 4694: 4584: 4393:, sometimes translated as "religion", also means law. Throughout the classical 4202: 4147: 4024: 3982: 3952: 3942: 3860: 3853: 3838: 3828: 3648: 3584: 3526: 3521: 3506: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3161: 3096: 2594: 2567: 2407: 2091: 2018: 1766: 1190: 1150: 1128: 1115: 1105: 1075: 987: 940: 743: 734: 625: 578: 558: 548: 518: 485: 373: 330: 295: 270: 137: 70: 10333: 10073:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 277

9398: 8789:. Plymouth & Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 99–100. 8153:

God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism

14056: 13991: 13614: 13550: 13535: 13397: 13342: 13213: 13156: 13091: 12483: 12386: 11926: 11912: 11722: 11431: 11326: 10534:

The discussions on the national identity of Bosniaks - a collection of papers

9763:"Review: A War to Start All Wars: Will Israel Ever Seal the Victory of 1948?" 9410: 7375: 6501: 6427: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6035: 6027: 5970: 5958: 5945: 5845: 5796: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5574: 5446: 5206: 5124: 5120: 4942: 4929: 4883: 4878:, expansion continued on all fronts (other than Iberia which was lost in the 4769: 4740: 4723: 4718: 4660:, some of the Crusaders who fought in the name of God were recognized as the 4524: 4448: 4244: 4163: 4036: 3643: 3579: 3564: 3420: 3367: 3238: 3181: 3116: 2484: 2387: 1865: 1853: 1709: 1629: 1545: 1528: 1385: 1220: 898: 893: 873: 853: 768: 739: 714: 590: 568: 553: 528: 368: 275: 233: 228: 125: 8608:

Handbook on the Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

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to conceal the religious core of the armed conflicts, even though the term "

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minority, he pursued pro-Catholic policies that antagonized many Buddhists.

4599:

war traditions, and found "many similarities in phraseology and ideology".

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Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism

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Lebanon was promised independence, which was achieved on 22 November 1943.

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In the 1980s, serious outbreaks between Christians and Muslims occurred in

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Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945

9036: 6604:(1986–1989; in strict sense February–September 1988) was code-named after 13727: 13687: 13655: 13522: 13482: 13322: 13235: 13186: 13161: 13061: 12744: 12473: 12456: 12411: 12331: 11515: 11331: 10809:

1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West

10701: 9873: 8684:. Translated by Marva J. Dawn. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7732:

Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). "Myth 8. Religion Causes Violence".

6737: 6697: 6667: 6634: 6593:' which seized control of Iran in 1979, Iraq also launched the so-called 6481: 6469: 6147: 6015: 5978: 5966: 5962: 5940: 5911: 5792: 5772: 5509: 5491: 5471:

were seen as a seamless continuation of this conflict by contemporaries.

5422: 5378: 4912: 4879: 4805: 4791: 4774: 4516: 4456: 4379: 4327: 4311: 3764: 3724: 3692: 3551: 3511: 3347: 3260: 3211: 3186: 3086: 2761: 2474: 2457: 2412: 2332: 1963: 1714: 1679: 1518: 1205: 1170: 878: 821: 724: 508: 209: 204: 10606: 6638:(Kurdish collaborators with the Baathists, literally "donkey's foal" in 5699:) was in the best interest of the Japanese. Unable to reach a decision, 5467:

by later writers in the 17th century. The early modern wars against the

5405:

in the 790s led to their forced conversion to Christianity. The earlier

5139: 4969: 4952: 14001: 13996: 13877: 13872: 13768: 13752: 13609: 13502: 13460: 13422: 13230: 13218: 13191: 13181: 13101: 12500: 12495: 12466: 12401: 12250: 11386: 11381: 11038:

http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-makes-conflict-religious-24576

10778: 10754: 10592: 8650:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 176–180. 8181:; these too sacrifice a puppy, a black bitch, to the Wayside Goddess." 6671: 6271: 6031: 5664: 5374: 5344: 5202: 5102: 5035: 4977: 4544: 4528: 4527:, the concept of "holy war" enters a new phase with the development of 4406: 4323: 4046: 4041: 3922: 3917: 3813: 3789: 3638: 3531: 3489: 3445: 3255: 3243: 3216: 3206: 3126: 2501: 2496: 2467: 2402: 2243: 1920: 1890: 1612: 976: 7090: Islamic–Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism) 13902: 13850: 13567: 13166: 12276: 11862: 11575: 10709: 10368:

After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters With Kurdistan

9513: 9013: 7855:

associated with a relationship with God or a vision of transcendence.

7842: 6713: 6613: 6590: 6486: 6411: 6287: 6201: 5815: 5802:

In the late 20th century, a number of revisionist historians such as

5776: 5768: 5688: 5366:

of the Franks waged wars against other European nations who followed

5034:(c. 1900) illustrating the War against the Midianites as narrated in 4891: 4871: 4679: 4675: 4201:, religious elements are overtly present, but variously described as 3947: 3895: 3596: 3191: 2277: 1910: 1734: 1684: 1634: 1624: 1619: 1484: 1275: 1270: 1235: 672: 358: 325: 194: 10770: 10584: 8976:(1993–2002) s.v. "kruistochten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8142:"The Encyclopedia of War" by Gordon Martel (17 Jan 2012, 2912 pages) 6946: Christian fundamentalist insurgency against secular government 6323: 13867: 13697: 13624: 13275: 13201: 13106: 13066: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12346: 12341: 12286: 12073: 11599: 11336: 9457:"Samaritans form bridge of peace between Israelis and Palestinians" 8908:

Gregory of Tours, A History of the Franks, Pantianos Classics, 1916

7529:

Omar, Irfan; Duffey, Michael, eds. (22 June 2015). "Introduction".

7383: 6683: 6605: 6442: 5819: 5660: 5440: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5363: 5210: 5198: 5171: 5061:(132–136 CE) as three examples of a "holy war" or "Commanded War" ( 4925: 4859: 4809: 4797: 4762: 4698: 4667: 4657: 4612: 4574: 4386: 4159: 3912: 3734: 3653: 3300: 3226: 3131: 3091: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2347: 2342: 2287: 1925: 1900: 1533: 1165: 1140: 753: 308: 250: 162: 9093:(1993–2002) s.v. "Sigismund ". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8247:(2 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 5485: 4167: 4115: 12351: 12255: 12235: 12208: 12183: 12087: 10876:

Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989

10105:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 10076:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 9081:(1993–2002) s.v. "hussieten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 9031:

A General History of the Christian Era: The Papacy and the Empire

8358:"Christian Jihad: The Crusades and Killing in the Name of Christ" 6415: 6299: 6291: 6276: 6023: 5915: 5784: 5616: 5578: 5452: 5394: 5340: 5190: 4966: 4482: 4166:, there are frequent debates over the extent to which religious, 4119: 2352: 2248: 2228: 2201: 2176: 2099: 1935: 1895: 1659: 1493: 1489: 831: 816: 692: 353: 348: 318: 237: 199: 9843:

Kevin Lewis O'Neill (March 2009). Alexander Laban Hilton (ed.).

8820:

Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements

6600:(April–July 1988) in the final stages of the war. Moreover, the 6546:). Some of the underlying motives of Saddam appear to have been 4941:

The first forms of military jihad occurred after the migration (

13327: 12336: 12240: 12218: 12213: 12163: 11396: 11077: 10421: 8483: 7303: 6709: 6679: 6066: 5672: 5668: 5599:

The relative importance of the various factors that caused the

5382: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5106: 4946: 4867: 4691: 4570: 4508: 4390: 3352: 2337: 2233: 2211: 2206: 2156: 1442: 838: 655: 391: 10825:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

8778: 8776: 8512:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

7137: 6961: 6885: 6794: 6774: 6754: 4882:) for another half millennium until the final collapse of the 13337: 12168: 11648: 9284:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), pp. 96f and sources cited therein. 9240: 9238: 8810: 8741: 8739: 6705: 6688: 6675: 6644: 6617: 6526: 6472:

troops, who had invaded Lebanon in 1941 to rid Beirut of the

6431: 6140: 6127:

in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority

6124: 6051: 6011: 5899: 5110: 4993: 4934: 4841: 4782: 4683: 3362: 2161: 913: 449: 444: 11127: 10038:, Gravel Edition, Volume 2. 10 July 1963. pp. 729–733. 9366:

Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies

9020:, Second Edition (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's 2007), 391. 7531:

Peacemaking and the Challenge of Violence in World Religions

5993:

A fatally wounded Israeli school boy in a Hamas attack, 2011

5746:

European wars of religion § Definitions and discussions

5397:." He noted that Charlemagne ordered the destruction of the 4498: 13949: 13778: 10530:

Rasprave o nacionalnom identitetu Bošnjaka – Zbornik radova

8773: 6609: 6398:

There is no consensus among scholars on what triggered the

5892: 5767:

In 16th-century France, there was a series of wars between

5413:

resisted with similar determinacy as the Saxons during the

4985: 4566: 3994: 3823: 189: 184: 9901:"Nigeria violence: Muslim-Christian clashes kill hundreds" 9484:"Muslim Arab Bedouins serve as Jewish state's gatekeepers" 9336:

The Life of Alexander Lycurgus, Archbishop of the Cyclades

9250: 9235: 8997: 8995: 8736: 7966:. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1984. 10099:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

10070:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

9654:"The Consequences of Counterterrorist Policies in Israel" 9426:"The Druze of Israel: Hope for Arab-Jewish Collaboration" 9225: 9223: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8844: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8407:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–28. 6407: 6216: 5914:. Many historians trace the origins of hostility between 5463:

in the 11th century were recognized as a "holy war" or a

4686:, and the provision of support to the besieged Christian 4507:, i.e. dominated by a single god of the ruling elite (as 4158:

which is primarily caused or justified by differences in

4155: 62: 10394:"The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign" 9197: 9048: 8857:. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. pp. 3–4, 252. 8285:"Conflicts of Ideology in Christian and Muslim Holy War" 7990: 7988: 6700:

or ethnic in nature, others such as the literary critic

6026:

in greater percentages than Israeli Jews are as well as

10448: 9842: 9550:"Palestinian refugees, Israeli left-wingers mark Nakba" 8992: 8012:"Counting "Religious Wars" in the Encyclopedia of Wars" 7757: 7755: 7753: 6386:

Lebanese Civil War § Political groups and militias

11801:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

10879:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 379. 9262: 9220: 8955: 8911: 8890: 8489: 7564:. Facts on File. pp. 1484–1485 "Religious wars". 7353: 7351: 7349: 6560:

1974–75 Kurdish rebellion against the Iraqi government

5910:

into their present homelands to the north and west of

4523:, etc.), or more directly by deifying the ruler in an 11729:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

11582:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

9594: 9369:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 7985: 6247:

area in the north of the country in central Vietnam.

6239:

of 1966 was a period of civil and military unrest in

5609:

Sigismund (then king of Germany, Hungary and Croatia)

4577:

before engaging in ritual fighting at the Phoebaeum.

11018:. London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1076. 10924:

Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (September 2017).

10201:"Uyghur Muslim Ethnic Separatism in Xinjiang, China" 9403:

Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem

9060: 8611:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. p. 371. 8557:"War in the Hebrew Bible and Contemporary Parallels" 7750: 6632:(also known as "Chemical Ali"). His orders informed 5290:

Firestone (2012) stated that in the eyes of ancient

5230:, four (or five) wars were fought in and around the 4369: 4363: 11088:

Counting Religious Wars in the Encyclopedia of Wars

10895:

The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions

7346: 6463:

fled the fighting or were expelled from their homes

6022:, participate in combat and are represented in the 5561:were joined by the armies of his Christian rivals, 5306:(132–136 CE) were "holy wars" or "Commanded Wars" ( 4587:attitude to war and religion differed from that of 4278: 10933:. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. p. 40 10415: 10161: 10127: 10060:John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray 1916 893 9926:Clayton, Jonathan; Gledhill, Ruth (8 March 2010). 9660:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. p. 356. 9599:. Minority Rights Group Report no 24. p. 10. 9517: 9455: 9293:For example, David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar, 8752:. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India. p. 70. 8437:"Two Cultures, Two Traditions: Opening a Dialogue" 8312:"Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War" 8034: 7865: 7863: 7612:"Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History" 7419: 7106: Inter-Christian conflict (Catholic–Orthodox) 4945:) of Muhammad and his small group of followers to 13913:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 10494:God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything 10422:Branislav Radeljić; Martina Topić (1 July 2015). 10239:Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China 8816: 8009: 7974: 7972: 7964:Buddhism and the State in Sixteenth-Century Japan 6548:controlling the Shatt al-Arab waterway and region 6065:, led to the creation of the state of Israel and 5727:; the latter lost and were driven to flee to the 5719:of Mesoamerica (c. 980–1110) between devotees of 4709:, or because of political conflicts, such as the 4534: 3958:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 14054: 11093:Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History 10946:Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006). 10221:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9651: 8987:Bellum sacrum Ecclesiae militantis contra Turcum 8347:. Oxford University Press, London, 2004. PP. 63. 7943:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7696:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–150. 6402:(1975–1990). However, the militarization of the 6284:expelled 20,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai 6073:. The 1948 Palestinian exodus also known as the 5883:(1529–1543) was a military conflict between the 5403:Carolingian campaign against the Pannonian Avars 4670:were a series of military campaigns against the 4573:, however, each company of youths sacrificed to 13573:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 10923: 10442: 10331: 10032:"The Situation In South Vietnam - SNIE 53-2-63" 10024: 9925: 9874:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 9042: 8823:. London: Imperial College Press. p. 194. 8441:Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions 8234: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8158: 7860: 7560:Axelrod, Alan; Phillips, Charles, eds. (2004). 7559: 5984: 5822:to support the war against the 'Catholic' king 4565:with particular attributes and interest areas. 3602:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 13055:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11480:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 11474:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 10945: 10765:(2). University of California Press: 173–201. 10452:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report 10235: 10189: 9801:"Census of India : Religious Composition" 9787: 7969: 7904:. London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 28. 7843:Pluralism Project, Harvard University (2015). 7792:Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept 7555: 7553: 7411: 6854: Inter-Islamic conflict (e.g. Sunni–Shia) 4439:War of succession § Prevalence and impact 3080:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12103: 11661:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 11468:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 11113: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10354: 9793: 9718:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War 9621:"The United Nations and Palestinian Refugees" 9578:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 270. 8817:Schnabel, Albrecht; Gunaratna, Rohan (2015). 8278: 8276: 7925:. Archived from the original on 23 March 2003 7833:( Philadelphia: Dropsie College Press, 1936). 7816:History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary 7584: 5965:about European history and civilisation, and 5873:Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinian/Habesha Kingdom) 5783:. In the first half of the 17th century, the 5646:in 1414, which ultimately condemned Jan Hus. 5327: 4755:Violence against Muslims in independent India 4666:, the soldiers or the knights of Christ. The 4083: 2060: 11783:Violence against Hindus in independent India 10952:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 10272: 10270: 10268: 10266: 9645: 9129:. Harvest House Publishers. pp. 69–70. 8941:. Copenhagen: Books on Demand. p. 126. 8782: 8225: 7731: 7657:War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 7480: 6624:in the year 624. "Al Anfal" literally means 6208:in a border area between the two religions. 6018:who, for example, volunteer to serve in the 5926: 5739: 5444:of the Crusades in favour of other factors. 13271:List of people killed for being transgender 11995:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 11510:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 10728:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare 10566: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10317: 9846:Genocide: truth, memory, and representation 9721:. Yale University Press. pp. 394–396. 9126:The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions 8600: 8598: 7980:Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images. 7550: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7426:. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Books. pp. 7386:" until 1993, namely, Muslims speaking the 6732:from 1983 to 2005 has been described as an 6352:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4767:This does not refer to religious conflict. 4318:during the Reformation in Germany, and the 3296:List of people killed for being transgender 12110: 12096: 11120: 11106: 10706:Political Islam, World Politics and Europe 10496:. London: Atlantic Books. pp. 22–24. 10391: 10351: 9876:"Refworld - Chronology for Ibo in Nigeria" 9191: 8273: 8193: 8191: 7785: 7783: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7589:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 544. 7114: Christian–Eastern religious conflict 6406:population, along with the arrival of the 6294:, until there were only 135 of them left. 5758:, from at least the mid 18th century. The 5507:(2004) noted that the belligerents in the 4503:While early empires could be described as 4407:ceremonial as well as practical traditions 4090: 4076: 2067: 2053: 11630:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 10833:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860302.001.0001 10822: 10731:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 21, 314. 10263: 10195: 9976: 9928:"500 butchered in Nigeria killing fields" 9358: 9356: 9354: 8500: 7869: 7455: 7082: Inter-Islamic conflict (Sunni–Shia) 6372:Learn how and when to remove this message 5649: 4816:However, according to Torkel Berkke, the 4499:Holy war concepts in religious traditions 12367:Social determinants of health in poverty 10897:, Pennsylvania State University Press, 10724: 10527: 10484: 10314: 10276: 9160:Considerations on the Present German War 9118: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9001: 8922: 8783:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014). 8637: 8635: 8604: 8595: 8463: 7814:Hershel Edelheit, Abraham J. Edelheit, 7761: 7725: 7653: 7504: 7502: 7474: 7444: 7372:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 6389: 5988: 5844: 5710: 5484: 5103:war against the Midianites in Numbers 31 5025: 4907: 4862:and spanning the centuries, down to the 4628: 4114: 4103: 2368:Social determinants of health in poverty 1026:List of military strategies and concepts 27:War primarily over religious differences 11594:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 10752: 9760: 9595:McDowall, David; Claire Palley (1987). 9423: 9268: 9256: 9244: 9229: 8961: 8934: 8896: 8554: 8548: 8434: 8382: 8345:The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction 8197: 8188: 8061: 8005: 8003: 7920:"The Imperial Law and the Buddhist Law" 7789: 7780: 7764:The Territories of Science and Religion 7634: 7417: 6568:the instability of post-Revolution Iran 6504:, who was riding in a bulletproof car. 6174:, while Pakistan was established as an 5951:Germanus, the aged Archbishop of Patras 5621:Defenestration of Prague (30 July 1419) 5581:conquerors of the southern half of the 5481:Reconquista § Concept and duration 5022:Numbers 31 § Scholarly discussions 14: 14055: 11540:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 10872: 10364: 10291:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.812 9741: 9714: 9652:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (2010). 9362: 9351: 8704: 8468:. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 55–56. 8396: 8394: 8238: 8204:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 57. 8040:Axelrod, Alan & Phillips, Charles 8010:Andrew Holt Ph. D (26 December 2018). 7994: 7894: 7660:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 76–77. 7524: 7522: 7508: 7066: Islamic–polytheist Arab conflict 6093:fled or were expelled from their homes 5734: 5663:was formally introduced into Japan by 5119:Other wars known to Judaism include a 4289:War of succession § Applicability 12091: 11789:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 11101: 11050: 11036:154, 46–55. Full text available at: 11011: 10827:. New York: Oxford University Press. 10455:. Psychology Press. pp. 409 ff. 10425:Religion in the Post-Yugoslav Context 10279:"War and Religion: The Iran−Iraq War" 9512: 9506: 9396: 9332: 9280:See, for example, Richard Pankhurst, 9122: 9105: 9066: 9054: 8745: 8641: 8632: 8521: 8124:from the original on 1 September 2017 8114:"Is Religion the Cause of Most Wars?" 8111: 8044:Vol.1, Facts on File, November 2004, 7951:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 7917:and Jacqueline I. Stone, translator. 7687: 7681: 7587:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 7528: 7499: 7481:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). 6723: 6434:are considered among Shiite Muslims. 6313: 6114: 5849:Horn of Africa circa 1540 during the 5840: 5810:(1642–1651) as a religious war, with 4219:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 14037: 13077:Capital punishment for homosexuality 12372:Social determinants of mental health 10042:from the original on 9 November 2017 9761:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (1 September 2008). 9658:The Consequences of Counterterrorism 9424:Adelman, Jonathan (8 October 2015). 9295:Somalia: Nation in Search of a State 9175:The General History of the Later War 8938:1016: The Danish Conquest of England 8850: 8443:. Penn State Press. pp. 20–25. 8303: 8091:. BenBella Books. pp. 104–106. 8000: 7831:The Jews. Race, Nation, or Religion? 7609: 7578: 7512:The General History of the Later War 6919: Christian–Indigenous conflicts 6480:In March 1991, Parliament passed an 6350:adding citations to reliable sources 6317: 6290:massacred their fellow Muslims, the 6222: 6185: 5619:(1415) "provoked the conflict", the 5134: 4751:Violence against Christians in India 3102:Capital punishment for homosexuality 2373:Social determinants of mental health 13197:Genital modification and mutilation 11933:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 11883:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 11795:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 11588:Christianization of the Sámi people 11051:Smith, Lisa Deeley (27 July 1982). 10332:Griffin Johnson (9 November 2019). 10165:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 10131:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 9576:A History of the Modern Middle East 9308:"Greek Declaration of Independence" 9091:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 9079:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8974:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8884:Encarta Encyclopaedia Winkler Prins 8677: 8524:"Holy War Idea in the Hebrew Bible" 8400: 8391: 8387:. Cambridge University. p. 28. 8261:from the original on 18 August 2021 8086: 7736:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7519: 7485:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7460:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7313: Christian–secularist conflict 6838: Abrahamic–polytheist conflict 6658:Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War 6257: 6082: 6010:to varying degrees, especially the 5902:. The intervention of the European 5717:religious wars in the Toltec Empire 5311: 5250:. The following are distinguished: 5066: 4721:raised the level of the war from a 4625:Sectarian violence among Christians 4621:Counter-Reformation § Politics 3222:Genital modification and mutilation 48:Religious conflict (disambiguation) 24: 12117: 11044: 10449:Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (1997). 10428:. Lexington Books. pp. 5–11. 10334:"Iran-Iraq War | Animated History" 9907:from the original on 11 March 2010 9807:from the original on 30 April 2016 9754: 9674:from the original on 17 April 2021 9633:from the original on 23 April 2021 8282: 7872:The Invention of Religion in Japan 7286: Catholic–Protestant conflict 7262: Christian–'heretic' conflict 7074: Islamic–Zoroastrian conflict 6302:remember that the Hui army at the 6154:into two new sovereign states—the 5754:, and especially the then-ongoing 5099:war narratives in the Hebrew Bible 4890:in the west with the onset of the 4354:as early as the 1760s, during the 25: 14089: 11777:Violence against Muslims in India 11771:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan 11717:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 11071: 10649:from the original on 4 March 2012 10619:from the original on 23 June 2011 10277:Asadzade, Peyman (25 June 2019). 10109:from the original on 15 July 2021 10080:from the original on 15 July 2021 9436:from the original on 3 April 2019 8466:War and Peace in the Law of Islam 8309: 8291:from the original on 25 June 2016 8066:. Alpha Books. pp. 117–118. 7852:. Harvard University. p. 2. 7422:Exposing Myths about Christianity 5679:(552–587) between the pro-Shinto 4824:), nor on what makes a war just ( 4435:Casus belli § Categorisation 14036: 14027: 14026: 13676:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 13513:Law for Protection of the Nation 13413:White genocide conspiracy theory 12072: 11083:Maps of War, History of Religion 11053:"Religion: The idea of holy war" 10970:, Univ of North Carolina Press, 10695: 10661: 10635: 10599: 10560: 10521: 10478: 10469: 10385: 10242:. Psychology Press. p. 35. 10229: 10155: 10121: 10092: 10063: 10054: 10015: 10006: 9967: 9950: 9919: 9893: 9867: 9836: 9297:(Boulder: Westview Press, 1987). 9033:, Vol.1, (B. Herder, 1913), 372. 8786:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism 8322:from the original on 2 June 2016 7870:Josephson, Jason Ananda (2012). 7610:Holt, Andrew (8 November 2018). 7418:Russell, Jeffrey Burton (2012). 7394:(SDA) on 27 September 1993, see 7390:. This decision was made by the 7360: 7278: Catholic–Orthodox conflict 7270: Christian–Islamic conflict 7098: Christian–Islamic conflict 7050: Judaic–polytheist conflict 6911: Inter–Indigenous conflicts 6846: Christian–Islamic conflict 6651: 6507: 6322: 6227:During the rule of the Catholic 6087:approximately 711,000 to 726,000 6034:, various other Christians, and 5921: 5671:in 552. Adherents of the native 5182:This section is an excerpt from 5138: 4304:Succession of Henry IV of France 4279:Applicability of religion to war 3713:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 3542:Law for Protection of the Nation 3436:White genocide conspiracy theory 2098: 80: 44:War of Religion (disambiguation) 13518:MSM blood donation restrictions 13266:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 12049:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 12019:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 10718: 9903:. CSMonitor.com. 8 March 2010. 9819: 9781: 9735: 9708: 9686: 9613: 9588: 9542: 9524:. Metropolitan Books. pp. 9490:. 24 April 2013. Archived from 9476: 9448: 9417: 9390: 9339:. London: Rivingtons. p. 3 9326: 9300: 9287: 9274: 9152: 9143: 9096: 9084: 9072: 9023: 9007: 8979: 8967: 8928: 8902: 8878: 8698: 8671: 8515: 8506: 8472: 8457: 8428: 8376: 8350: 8334: 8171: 8145: 8136: 8105: 8080: 8055: 8022:from the original on 4 May 2019 7956: 7908: 7888: 7874:. University of Chicago Press. 7846:Judaism - Introductory Profiles 7836: 7808: 7766:. University of Chicago Press. 7294: Inter-Protestant conflict 6394:War-damaged buildings in Beirut 6164:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 5588: 4690:which was waging a war against 4602: 3547:MSM blood donation restrictions 3291:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 34:. For the EP by Subhumans, see 13531:(as religious or racial quota) 12037:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 12007:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 11741:Communist Romanian persecution 10966:Miner, Steven Merritt (2003). 10392:Dave Johns (24 January 2006). 9990:. 14 June 1963. Archived from 9698:. Simon & Schuster, 2006. 9695:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 9208:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 9198:John Hearsey McMillan Salmon. 8435:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 7603: 7533:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1. 7456:Cavanaugh, William T. (2009). 7254: Christian–pagan conflict 6938: Inter-Christian conflict 6862: Inter-Christian conflict 6057:In 1947, the UN's decision to 6001:can primarily be viewed as an 5474: 5435:Historiography of the Crusades 5322: 5197:, dharam-yudh or dharam yudh ( 4922:separation of Church and State 4635:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 4535:Ancient warfare and polytheism 4401:consisted of concepts such as 4330:in Great Britain and Ireland. 4225: 4181:According to scholars such as 3560:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 13945:Second-generation gender bias 13661:Constitutional colorblindness 12362:Social determinants of health 12055:2024 Istanbul church shooting 12031:Christchurch mosque shootings 11819:Religious violence in Nigeria 11813:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 10893:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 10283:Oxford Research Encyclopedias 9656:. In Crenshaw, Martha (ed.). 8112:Lurie, Alan (10 April 2012). 7405: 7122: Islamic–Judaic conflict 6410:guerrilla forces, sparked an 6192:Religious violence in Nigeria 6152:British India was partitioned 6146:After the dissolution of the 5547:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 5421:, to the horror of Christian 4428: 3990:Second-generation gender bias 3698:Constitutional colorblindness 2363:Social determinants of health 11945:War crimes in the Kosovo War 11735:Communist Polish persecution 11606:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 11534:Crusades against schismatics 10759:Huntington Library Quarterly 10365:Randal, Jonathan C. (2019). 10168:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 113. 10134:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 311. 9773:(5): 148–156. Archived from 8605:Hamilton, Victor P. (2005). 7978:McGarry J, O'Leary B, 1995. 7562:Encyclopedia of Wars (Vol.3) 7374:since 1971. It included the 6544:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 6282:In 1936, after Sheng Shicai 5999:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5985:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5221: 4316:War of the Jülich Succession 4187:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4142:, sometimes also known as a 7: 13856:Medical model of disability 13708:Hate speech laws by country 10981:Mühling, Christian (2018). 10861:, Oxford University Press, 10285:. Oxford University Press. 10162:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 10128:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 9043:Kokkonen & Sundell 2017 8851:Syan, Hardip Singh (2013). 7702:10.1007/978-1-349-21927-8_6 7515:. Vol. 3. p. 110. 7322: 6879: 6743: 6598:("Trust in God") Operations 6562:), obtaining access to the 6550:(previously settled by the 5595:Hussite Wars § Origins 5428: 5377:(772–804) of Frankish king 4747:Religious violence in India 4734: 4637:of French Protestants, 1572 4370: 4364: 4326:–Jacobite wars) during the 3901:Medical model of disability 3745:Hate speech laws by country 1524:Military–industrial complex 998:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 14094: 13965:Social model of disability 12417:Discrimination against men 10949:A Concise History of India 10857:Hashmi, Sohail H. (2012). 10823:Firestone, Reuven (2012). 10669:"Sudan at War With Itself" 10371:. Routledge. p. 183. 9788:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 9399:"In search of a lost time" 8989:by Léonard de Vaux (1685). 8681:Holy War in Ancient Israel 8678:Rad, Gerhard von (2016) . 7734:50 Great Myths of Religion 7483:50 Great Myths of Religion 7392:Party of Democratic Action 7246: Inter-pagan conflict 6655: 6489:) were dissolved, and the 6477:Parliament a Shia Muslim. 6383: 6189: 5939:in a mix of religious and 5918:and Ethiopia to this war. 5896:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 5743: 5653: 5611:, making it essentially a 5592: 5478: 5432: 5328:Christianisation of Europe 5181: 5176: 5169: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5003: 4835: 4744: 4738: 4606: 4595:with other (polytheistic) 4538: 4432: 4349:comes from the Latin word 4343:Myth of Religious Violence 4282: 4229: 4010:Social model of disability 2418:Discrimination against men 29: 14022: 13761: 13638: 13431: 13318:Opposition to immigration 13042: 12672: 12509: 12269: 12219:Race / Ethnicity 12156: 12125: 12069: 11977:South Thailand insurgency 11953:Walisongo school massacre 11921:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 11570:Expulsion of the Moriscos 11546:European wars of religion 11460: 11304: 11139: 11012:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). 10910:Religion and the Cold War 10012:Tucker, pp. 49, 291, 293. 9973:Moyar (2006), pp. 215–16. 9563:, Tel Aviv, 13 May 2008; 9282:The Ethiopians: A History 8746:Chima, Jugdep S. (2008). 8642:Olson, Dennis T. (2012). 8360:. Cbn.com. Archived from 8287:. Binghamton University. 8198:Barstad, Hans M. (2008). 7794:. Yale University Press. 7131: 6748: 6730:Second Sudanese Civil War 6572:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 6564:oil reserves in Khuzestan 6286:, the Hui led by General 6264:Dungan revolt (1862–1877) 6243:, largely focused in the 6143:-dominated subcontinent. 5933:Greek War of Independence 5927:Greek War of Independence 5820:Puritan religious beliefs 5779:primarily), known as the 5752:European wars of religion 5740:European wars of religion 5555:medieval history of Spain 5528:established inside Iberia 5242:(Oracle) residing in the 5130: 4617:European wars of religion 4609:Christianity and violence 4583:(2008) claimed that this 3343:Opposition to immigration 2212:Race / Ethnicity 1588:Loss-of-strength gradient 440:Combat information center 40:Holy War (disambiguation) 32:European wars of religion 13313:Occupational segregation 13082:Compulsory sterilization 11367:Extrajudicial punishment 10197:Van Wie Davis, Elizabeth 9934:. London. Archived from 9830:22 December 2010 at the 9397:Merza, Eleonore (2008). 9184:17 February 2020 at the 8705:Dhavan, Purnima (2011). 8464:Khadduri, Majid (1955). 7762:Harrison, Peter (2015). 7654:Onnekink, David (2013). 7339: 6712:" were employed as mere 6692:and were thus known as " 6522:Islamic Republic of Iran 6304:Battle of Kashgar (1934) 6129:Indian National Congress 5969:of Ottoman culture. The 5715:There have been several 5605:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia 5097:Several scholars regard 4831: 4589:ancient Israel and Judah 3338:Occupational segregation 3107:Compulsory sterilization 1906:Military science fiction 1391:Technology and equipment 807:List of military tactics 13841:Internalized oppression 13703:Fighting Discrimination 13693:Fat acceptance movement 13651:Anti-discrimination law 13291:Native American mascots 12060:Crocus City Hall attack 11807:Persecution of Tibetans 11564:French Wars of Religion 11486:Yellow Turban Rebellion 10873:Holsti, Kalevi (1991). 10807:Crowley, Roger (2013). 10753:Burgess, Glenn (1998). 10615:. Library of Congress. 10577:Oxford University Press 10236:William Safran (1998). 9744:"The Jihad That Wasn't" 9520:One Palestine, Complete 9333:Skene, Felicia (1877). 9205:Encyclopædia Britannica 9123:Wolff, Richard (2007). 9029:Guggenberger, Anthony, 8713:Oxford University Press 8555:Niditch, Susan (1995). 8239:Peters, Edward (1998). 8062:Sheiman, Bruce (2009). 7790:Nongbri, Brent (2013). 6955: 6674:: respectively called " 6570:, including the failed 6542:(including support for 6121:All India Muslim League 6107:According to historian 5781:French Wars of Religion 5761:Encyclopædia Britannica 5687:) and the pro-Buddhist 5559:Alfonso VIII of Castile 5498:Cantigas de Santa Maria 4493:The Encyclopedia of War 4308:French Wars of Religion 4300:War of the Three Henrys 3886:Internalized oppression 3740:Fighting Discrimination 3730:Fat acceptance movement 3688:Anti-discrimination law 3316:Native American mascots 1974:Wartime sexual violence 1730:Full-spectrum dominance 1541:Supply-chain management 13960:Social identity threat 13933:Reverse discrimination 13923:Racial color blindness 13403:Violence against women 13383:Sex-selective abortion 12013:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 11989:Maspero demonstrations 11837:Huế Phật Đản shootings 10996:New, David S. (2013). 10912:, Palgrave Macmillan, 10725:Bradbury, Jim (2004). 10338:The Armchair Historian 9984:"The Religious Crisis" 9961:15 August 2011 at the 9803:. Censusindia.gov.in. 9715:Morris, Benny (2008). 9200:"The Wars of Religion" 9169:7 January 2016 at the 8486:regarding these verses 7585:Matthew White (2011). 6552:1975 Algiers Agreement 6395: 5994: 5876: 5677:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5656:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5650:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5573:in battle against the 5557:. The forces of King 5501: 5343:on the origins of the 5336: 5300:First Jewish–Roman War 5095: 5055:First Jewish–Roman War 5039: 4984:(624), and battles in 4974: 4916: 4864:Ottoman wars in Europe 4846:Early Muslim conquests 4781:). It is important in 4656:During the era of the 4638: 4481:of far-right activist 4478:The Irrational Atheist 4285:Definition of religion 4276: 4261: 4183:Jeffrey Burton Russell 4176:definition of religion 4151: 4131: 4112: 4108:A sample scene of the 4005:Social identity threat 3978:Reverse discrimination 3968:Racial color blindness 3426:Violence against women 3406:Sex-selective abortion 1886:Awards and decorations 1859:Peace through strength 1834:Low-intensity conflict 1468:Conscientious objector 1341:Area of responsibility 38:. For other uses, see 13928:Religious intolerance 13888:Political correctness 13718:Intersex human rights 13666:Cultural assimilation 13348:Religious persecution 13112:Disability hate crime 12887:Jewish / Antisemitism 11983:Boko Haram insurgency 11642:Pontic Greek genocide 11552:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 11362:Extrajudicial killing 11129:Religious persecution 11034:The National Interest 10792:Cliff, Nigel (2011). 10569:Sociology of Religion 10486:Hitchens, Christopher 10398:Saddam's Road to Hell 9851:Duke University Press 9742:Gelber, Yoav (2008). 8935:Ullidtz, Per (2014). 8576:: 406. Archived from 8529:. USC. Archived from 8401:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 7896:Müller, Friedrich Max 7509:Entick, John (1763). 6516:(1980–1988), the new 6491:Lebanese Armed Forces 6455:1948 Arab–Israeli War 6451:1958 political crisis 6393: 6123:(AIML) was formed in 6097:1948 Arab–Israeli War 5992: 5848: 5711:Toltec religious wars 5654:Further information: 5593:Further information: 5571:Afonso II of Portugal 5563:Sancho VII of Navarre 5488: 5459:The Crusades against 5415:Frisian–Frankish wars 5332: 5232:Panhellenic sanctuary 5091: 5029: 5014:Further information: 4958: 4911: 4836:Further information: 4727:(a "just war"), to a 4632: 4607:Further information: 4539:Further information: 4403:penance through piety 4272: 4253: 4118: 4107: 3973:Religious intolerance 3933:Political correctness 3755:Intersex human rights 3703:Cultural assimilation 3373:Religious persecution 3137:Disability hate crime 2904:Jewish / Antisemitism 473:Torpedo data computer 463:Ship gun fire-control 13333:Political repression 12322:Anti-left handedness 12312:Anti-intellectualism 11965:September 11 attacks 11901:1984 anti-Sikh riots 11765:Rawalpindi massacres 11711:White Terror (Spain) 11522:Massacre at Ayyadieh 11407:Population cleansing 9777:on 21 November 2018. 9570:12 June 2008 at the 9555:23 July 2008 at the 9363:Morris, Ian (1994). 8341:Tyerman, Christopher 8042:Encyclopedia of Wars 7821:24 June 2011 at the 7694:The Balance of Power 7688:Luard, Evan (1992). 6702:Christopher Hitchens 6666:(1991–1995) and the 6459:Palestinian refugees 6346:improve this section 6160:Dominion of Pakistan 6063:Mandate of Palestine 6044:1929 Palestine riots 5824:Charles I of England 5667:from the kingdom of 5644:Council of Constance 5637:prompted him to urge 5184:Dharamyudh (Sikhism) 5047:Second Temple period 5016:Judaism and violence 4980:Arabs including the 4886:in the east and the 4597:ancient Near Eastern 4487:Encyclopedia of Wars 4464:Encyclopedia of Wars 4339:William T. Cavanaugh 4214:Encyclopedia of Wars 4162:and beliefs. In the 3358:Political repression 2323:Anti-left handedness 2313:Anti-intellectualism 2004:Military occupations 1839:Military engineering 1741:Unrestricted Warfare 1598:Force multiplication 491:Military manoeuvrers 14078:Religious practices 14063:Religion-based wars 13836:Historical eugenics 13373:Segregation academy 13353:Religious terrorism 13142:Enemy of the people 13050:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 12554:Jehovah's Witnesses 12442:Perpetual foreigner 11877:Bangladesh genocide 11857:Cultural Revolution 11849:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 11612:Circassian genocide 11498:Rhineland massacres 11412:Population transfer 11377:Forced displacement 11184:Jehovah's Witnesses 10677:The Washington Post 10536:]. p. 128. 10036:The Pentagon Papers 8522:Firestone, Reuven. 7396:Bosniaks § Identity 6630:Ali Hassan al-Majid 6626:the spoils (of war) 6596:Tawakalna ala Allah 6512:In the case of the 6404:Palestinian refugee 6270:(1856–1873) by the 6252:Catholic Vietnamese 6162:. In the resulting 5833:legally established 5735:Early modern period 5640:Antipope John XXIII 5520:Knights Hospitaller 5302:(66–73 CE) and the 5298:(167–160 BCE), the 5084:Revisionist Zionism 5057:(66–73 CE) and the 5053:(167–160 BCE), the 4913:Fulani jihad states 4715:Council of Clermont 4703:Albigensian Crusade 4555:classical antiquity 4549:List of war deities 4395:Indian subcontinent 4236:Religious terrorism 4207:religious extremism 3881:Historical eugenics 3396:Segregation academy 3378:Religious terrorism 3167:Enemy of the people 3075:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 2563:Jehovah's Witnesses 2443:Perpetual foreigner 1690:Penal military unit 1675:Rules of engagement 1351:Command and control 971:Operations research 435:Director (military) 425:Fire-control system 175:Command and control 56:Part of a series on 36:Religious Wars (EP) 13748:Social integration 13743:Self-determination 13733:Racial integration 13681:Diversity training 13671:Cultural pluralism 13646:Affirmative action 13546:Racial segregation 13456:Crime of apartheid 13358:Religious violence 12851:Indigenous people 12246:Sexual orientation 11971:2002 Gujarat riots 11895:Cambodian genocide 11889:Lebanese Civil War 11667:Soviet persecution 11504:Jerusalem massacre 11417:Sectarian violence 11402:Political violence 11057:The Boston Phoenix 9994:on 4 December 2012 9790:, pp. 221–222 9488:Al Arabiya English 9312:English Wikisource 9259:, p. 198–200. 9247:, p. 196–197. 9177:, Volume 3, 1763, 9057:, p. 428–429. 9045:, Appendix, p. 22. 8536:on 13 October 2016 8480:Muhammad at Medina 7622:on 10 October 2020 7380:Macedonian Muslims 7302: Anti-Jewish 6724:Sudanese Civil War 6694:Bosnian mujahideen 6580:Ayatollah Khomeini 6554:, which had ended 6520:government of the 6449:that preceded the 6424:Christian Lebanese 6414:for the different 6400:Lebanese Civil War 6396: 6314:Lebanese Civil War 6115:Pakistan and India 6024:Israeli parliament 5995: 5881:Ethiopian–Adal War 5877: 5851:Ethiopian–Adal War 5841:Ethiopian–Adal War 5567:Pedro II of Aragon 5530:(such as those of 5502: 5389:were described by 5368:Arian Christianity 5150:. You can help by 5040: 4917: 4915:of Africa, c. 1830 4838:Islam and violence 4713:. In 1095, at the 4639: 4296:wars of succession 4240:Religious violence 4193:, and the wars in 4132: 4113: 3785:Social integration 3780:Self-determination 3770:Racial integration 3718:Diversity training 3708:Cultural pluralism 3683:Affirmative action 3575:Racial segregation 3485:Crime of apartheid 3383:Religious violence 2868:Indigenous people 2239:Sexual orientation 1799:Counter-insurgency 1720:Command of the sea 1665:Jewish laws on war 1640:Geneva Conventions 1176:Divide and conquer 966:Military operation 931:Tactical objective 430:Fire-control radar 407:Electronic-warfare 14050: 14049: 13918:Racism by country 13846:Intersectionality 13831:Heteronormativity 13630:Voter suppression 13378:Sexual harassment 13177:Forced conversion 13097:Cultural genocide 12750:African Americans 12564:post–Cold War era 12549:Eastern Orthodoxy 12307:Anti-drug addicts 12302:Anti-homelessness 12229:Scientific racism 12085: 12084: 12025:Rohingya genocide 11753:Direct Action Day 11705:Šahovići massacre 11655:Armenian genocide 11649:Assyrian genocide 11536:(13th–15th cent.) 11530:(12th–16th cent.) 11528:Northern Crusades 11372:Forced conversion 11322:Cultural genocide 11317:Communal violence 11194:post–Cold War era 11179:Eastern Orthodoxy 10959:978-0-521-68225-1 10796:, HarperCollins, 10462:978-0-415-15977-7 10435:978-1-4985-2248-9 10378:978-0-429-71113-8 10300:978-0-19-022863-7 9938:on 30 August 2011 9860:978-0-8223-4405-6 9667:978-0-87154-073-7 9584:978-0-8133-4047-0 9314:. 15 January 1822 8948:978-87-7145-720-9 8691:978-0-8028-0528-7 8583:on 1 January 2022 8478:William M. Watt: 8450:978-0-271-04214-5 8151:Jonathan Kirsch 8087:Day, Vox (2008). 8050:978-0-8160-2851-1 8016:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7982:Oxford, Blackwell 7711:978-1-349-21929-2 7616:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7596:978-0-393-08192-3 7467:978-0-19-538504-5 7329:Odium theologicum 6566:, and exploiting 6382: 6381: 6374: 6308:Uyghur separatism 6268:Panthay Rebellion 6237:Buddhist Uprising 6223:Buddhist uprising 6186:Nigerian conflict 6156:Dominion of India 6090:Palestinian Arabs 6085:), occurred when 5967:Orientalist views 5904:Cristóvão da Gama 5853:, at the peak of 5828:Church of England 5808:English Civil War 5804:William M. Lamont 5729:Yucatán Peninsula 5723:and followers of 5613:war of succession 5583:Iberian Peninsula 5419:Germanic paganism 5362:' writings, King 5350:Vita Karoli Magni 5316:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5304:Bar Kokhba revolt 5277:Fourth Sacred War 5263:Second Sacred War 5168: 5167: 5074:) in the eyes of 5071:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5059:Bar Kokhba revolt 5010:Milkhemet Mitzvah 4711:Aragonese Crusade 4707:Northern Crusades 4559:Greco-Roman world 4513:Babylonian empire 4414:cultural heritage 4249:war of succession 4212:According to the 4110:Taiping Rebellion 4100: 4099: 3963:Racism by country 3891:Intersectionality 3876:Heteronormativity 3659:Voter suppression 3401:Sexual harassment 3202:Forced conversion 3122:Cultural genocide 2767:African Americans 2573:post–Cold War era 2558:Eastern Orthodoxy 2308:Anti-drug addicts 2303:Anti-homelessness 2222:Scientific racism 2077: 2076: 1969:Horses in warfare 1916:Anti-war movement 1819:Gunboat diplomacy 1809:Disaster response 1757:Philosophy of war 1752:Principles of war 1725:Deterrence theory 1670:Right of conquest 1593:Lanchester's laws 1361:Principles of war 1051:Counter-offensive 1031:Military campaign 936:Target saturation 859:Counterinsurgency 468:Gun data computer 402:Close air support 364:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 14085: 14040: 14039: 14030: 14029: 13970:Social privilege 13955:Social exclusion 13883:Police brutality 13804:Multiculturalism 13774:Amatonormativity 13605:Social exclusion 13441:Age of candidacy 13241:Homeless dumping 13147:Ethnic cleansing 12112: 12105: 12098: 12089: 12088: 12077: 12076: 12043:2020 Delhi riots 11959:Kosheh massacres 11939:Bosnian genocide 11759:1946 Bihar riots 11422:Social cleansing 11347:Ethnic cleansing 11122: 11115: 11108: 11099: 11098: 11078:Wars of Religion 11067: 11065: 11063: 11029: 10963: 10942: 10940: 10938: 10932: 10890: 10854: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10713: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10687:on 15 May 2008. 10686: 10680:. Archived from 10673: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10603: 10597: 10596: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10551: 10547: 10545: 10537: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10512: 10510: 10490:"Religion Kills" 10482: 10476: 10473: 10467: 10466: 10446: 10440: 10439: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10362: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10329: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10274: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10220: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10193: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10125: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10067: 10061: 10058: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10028: 10022: 10019: 10013: 10010: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9980: 9974: 9971: 9965: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9871: 9865: 9864: 9840: 9834: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9797: 9791: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9712: 9706: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9649: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9597:The Palestinians 9592: 9586: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9523: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9459: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9360: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9304: 9298: 9291: 9285: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9233: 9227: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9195: 9189: 9158:Israel Mauduit, 9156: 9150: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9120: 9103: 9100: 9094: 9088: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9058: 9052: 9046: 9040: 9034: 9027: 9021: 9011: 9005: 8999: 8990: 8983: 8977: 8971: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8909: 8906: 8900: 8894: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8780: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8743: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8639: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8582: 8565:Word & World 8561: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8535: 8528: 8519: 8513: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8487: 8482:, p.4; q.v. the 8476: 8470: 8469: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8398: 8389: 8388: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8354: 8348: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8316:US Naval Academy 8310:Abels, Richard. 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8280: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8236: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8195: 8186: 8175: 8169: 8162: 8156: 8155:, Penguin, 2005. 8149: 8143: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8059: 8053: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8007: 7998: 7992: 7983: 7976: 7967: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7924: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7867: 7858: 7857: 7851: 7840: 7834: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7787: 7778: 7777: 7759: 7748: 7747: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7651: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7618:. Archived from 7607: 7601: 7600: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7557: 7548: 7547: 7526: 7517: 7516: 7506: 7497: 7496: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7453: 7442: 7441: 7425: 7415: 7399: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7314: 7312: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7277: 7271: 7269: 7263: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7123: 7121: 7115: 7113: 7107: 7105: 7099: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7083: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7057: 7051: 7049: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6871: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6847: 6845: 6839: 6837: 6584:Islamic republic 6558:support for the 6556:Imperial Iranian 6540:Arab nationalism 6377: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6357: 6326: 6318: 6258:Chinese conflict 6176:Islamic republic 6168:secular republic 6084: 6046:, including the 5975:Byzantine Empire 5870: 5861: 5789:Thirty Years War 5756:Seven Years' War 5524:Teutonic Knights 5489:A battle of the 5461:Muslim expansion 5360:Gregory of Tours 5354: 5313: 5296:Maccabean Revolt 5292:Rabbinic Judaism 5284:Fifth Sacred War 5270:Third Sacred War 5256:First Sacred War 5244:Temple of Apollo 5163: 5160: 5142: 5135: 5080:Zionist movement 5076:Rabbinic Judaism 5068: 5051:Maccabean Revolt 5043:Reuven Firestone 4972: 4955: 4876:Mongol invasions 4874:, but after the 4856:Muslim conquests 4731:(a "holy war"). 4688:Byzantine Empire 4672:Muslim Conquests 4468:Charles Phillips 4373: 4367: 4356:Seven Years' War 4320:Jacobite risings 4191:Syrian civil war 4156:war and conflict 4128:Battle of Hattin 4092: 4085: 4078: 4015:Social privilege 4000:Social exclusion 3928:Police brutality 3849:Multiculturalism 3819:Amatonormativity 3634:Social exclusion 3470:Age of candidacy 3266:Homeless dumping 3172:Ethnic cleansing 2102: 2079: 2078: 2069: 2062: 2055: 1824:Humanitarian aid 1762:Security dilemma 1583:Power projection 1366:Economy of force 1346:Chain of command 1061:Defence in depth 1046:Commerce raiding 864:Defeat in detail 180:Defense ministry 84: 75: 74: 65: 53: 52: 21: 14093: 14092: 14088: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14082: 14073:Warfare by type 14053: 14052: 14051: 14046: 14018: 13893:Polyculturalism 13789:Civil liberties 13757: 13738:Reappropriation 13639:Countermeasures 13634: 13563:Racial steering 13529:Numerus clausus 13433: 13427: 13152:Ethnic conflict 13087:Corrective rape 13038: 12668: 12623:minority Muslim 12505: 12397:HIV/AIDS stigma 12265: 12214:Mental disorder 12152: 12121: 12116: 12086: 12081: 12071: 12065: 12001:Yazidi genocide 11907:Revival Process 11843:Thích Quảng Đức 11831:Buddhist crisis 11825:Istanbul pogrom 11693:1970–1987 11688:1958–1964 11683:1928–1941 11678:1921–1928 11673:1917–1921 11558:Goa Inquisition 11492:Battle of Tours 11482:(c.550–c. 1200) 11476:(c. 324–c. 491) 11456: 11357:Ethnic violence 11352:Ethnic conflict 11300: 11299: 11298: 11253:minority Muslim 11135: 11126: 11074: 11061: 11059: 11047: 11045:Further reading 11026: 10960: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10887: 10843: 10783: 10781: 10771:10.2307/3817797 10743: 10741: 10739: 10721: 10716: 10700: 10696: 10684: 10671: 10667: 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10622: 10620: 10612:Country Studies 10605: 10604: 10600: 10585:10.2307/3712489 10565: 10561: 10549: 10548: 10539: 10538: 10526: 10522: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10483: 10479: 10474: 10470: 10463: 10447: 10443: 10436: 10420: 10416: 10406: 10404: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10363: 10352: 10342: 10340: 10330: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10275: 10264: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10234: 10230: 10214: 10213: 10206: 10204: 10194: 10190: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10110: 10097: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10068: 10064: 10059: 10055: 10045: 10043: 10030: 10029: 10025: 10021:Maclear, p. 63. 10020: 10016: 10011: 10007: 9997: 9995: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9972: 9968: 9963:Wayback Machine 9955: 9951: 9941: 9939: 9924: 9920: 9910: 9908: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9884: 9882: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9841: 9837: 9832:Wayback Machine 9824: 9820: 9810: 9808: 9799: 9798: 9794: 9786: 9782: 9767:Foreign Affairs 9759: 9755: 9740: 9736: 9729: 9713: 9709: 9692:Carter, Jimmy. 9691: 9687: 9677: 9675: 9668: 9650: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9630: 9623: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9607: 9593: 9589: 9572:Wayback Machine 9557:Wayback Machine 9547: 9543: 9536: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9494:on 2 April 2019 9482: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9464:. 22 April 2016 9462:Financial Times 9454: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9430:Huffington Post 9422: 9418: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9361: 9352: 9342: 9340: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9292: 9288: 9279: 9275: 9267: 9263: 9255: 9251: 9243: 9236: 9228: 9221: 9211: 9209: 9196: 9192: 9186:Wayback Machine 9173:. John Entick, 9171:Wayback Machine 9157: 9153: 9148: 9144: 9137: 9121: 9106: 9101: 9097: 9089: 9085: 9077: 9073: 9065: 9061: 9053: 9049: 9041: 9037: 9028: 9024: 9012: 9008: 9000: 8993: 8984: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8960: 8956: 8949: 8933: 8929: 8921: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8883: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8849: 8845: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8781: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8744: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8703: 8699: 8692: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8640: 8633: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8603: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574:Luther Seminary 8559: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8526: 8520: 8516: 8511: 8507: 8499: 8490: 8477: 8473: 8462: 8458: 8451: 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8399: 8392: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8283:Levine, David. 8281: 8274: 8264: 8262: 8255: 8237: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8196: 8189: 8176: 8172: 8163: 8159: 8150: 8146: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8118:Huffington Post 8110: 8106: 8099: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8060: 8056: 8039: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8008: 8001: 7993: 7986: 7977: 7970: 7962:Neil McMullin. 7961: 7957: 7936: 7935: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7868: 7861: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7827:Solomon Zeitlin 7825:, p. 3, citing 7823:Wayback Machine 7813: 7809: 7802: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7760: 7751: 7744: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7652: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7558: 7551: 7541: 7527: 7520: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7454: 7445: 7438: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7347: 7342: 7325: 7319: 7317: 7310: 7309: 7299: 7298: 7291: 7290: 7283: 7282: 7275: 7274: 7267: 7266: 7259: 7258: 7251: 7250: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7119: 7118: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7094: 7087: 7086: 7079: 7078: 7071: 7070: 7063: 7062: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7039: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6943: 6942: 6935: 6934: 6924: 6923: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6867: 6866: 6859: 6858: 6851: 6850: 6843: 6842: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6751: 6746: 6726: 6660: 6654: 6510: 6457:, an exodus of 6388: 6378: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6343: 6327: 6316: 6260: 6225: 6194: 6188: 6180:Muslim majority 6133:Divide and Rule 6117: 6008:State of Israel 6003:ethnic conflict 5987: 5929: 5924: 5875: 5868: 5866: 5859: 5843: 5816:Parliamentarian 5748: 5742: 5737: 5713: 5658: 5652: 5642:to convene the 5597: 5591: 5516:Knights Templar 5483: 5477: 5437: 5431: 5356: 5338: 5330: 5325: 5228:Greek antiquity 5224: 5219: 5218: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5164: 5158: 5155: 5148:needs expansion 5133: 5082:, particularly 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 4973: 4965: 4950: 4903:Islamic empires 4852: 4850:Ghazi (warrior) 4834: 4787:epic literature 4765: 4759:Hindu terrorism 4743: 4737: 4697:expansion into 4663:Milites Christi 4627: 4605: 4581:Hans M. Barstad 4551: 4541:Ancient warfare 4537: 4521:Assyrian empire 4501: 4441: 4431: 4322:(including the 4291: 4281: 4264:Philip Benedict 4242: 4232:Just war theory 4228: 4140:war of religion 4124:Guy of Lusignan 4096: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063: 3938:Polyculturalism 3834:Civil liberties 3806: 3798: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3775:Reappropriation 3675: 3674:Countermeasures 3667: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3592:Racial steering 3558:Numerus clausus 3462: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3177:Ethnic conflict 3112:Corrective rape 3067: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3055: 2692: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2632:minority Muslim 2520: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2398:HIV/AIDS stigma 2270: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2207:Mental disorder 2149: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2110: 2073: 2044: 2043: 1994: 1984: 1983: 1949: 1941: 1940: 1881: 1871: 1870: 1844:Multilateralism 1829:Law enforcement 1789: 1779: 1778: 1747:Just war theory 1705: 1695: 1694: 1645:Geneva Protocol 1615: 1605: 1604: 1578: 1568: 1567: 1509: 1499: 1498: 1406: 1396: 1395: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1291: 1281: 1280: 1211:Network-centric 1131: 1121: 1120: 1023: 1013: 1012: 961: 951: 950: 899:Rapid dominance 804: 794: 793: 749:Electromagnetic 658: 648: 647: 634: 587: 535: 511: 501: 500: 496:Combat training 477: 454: 420:Combat systems: 416: 378: 374:Auxiliary ships 340: 300: 242: 165: 155: 154: 94: 68: 67: 66: 61: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14091: 14081: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14048: 14047: 14045: 14044: 14034: 14023: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14010: 14009: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13941: 13940: 13938:Reverse racism 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13908:Prisoner abuse 13905: 13900: 13898:Power distance 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13816:Ethnic penalty 13813: 13812: 13811: 13809:Neurodiversity 13806: 13796: 13794:Dehumanization 13791: 13786: 13784:Cisnormativity 13781: 13776: 13771: 13765: 13763: 13762:Related topics 13759: 13758: 13756: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13684: 13683: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13620:State religion 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13556:Nuremberg Laws 13553: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13498:Ghetto benches 13495: 13493:Gerrymandering 13490: 13485: 13480: 13478:Gender pay gap 13475: 13474: 13473: 13468: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13437: 13435: 13432:Discriminatory 13429: 13428: 13426: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13309: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13261:Lavender scare 13258: 13256:Kill Haole Day 13253: 13251:Indian rolling 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13227: 13226: 13216: 13211: 13210: 13209: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13137:Eliminationism 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13072:Cancel culture 13069: 13064: 13059: 13058: 13057: 13046: 13044: 13043:Manifestations 13040: 13039: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12929:Middle Eastern 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12895: 12894: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12868: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12763: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12731: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12679: 12677: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12666: 12664:Zoroastrianism 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12640: 12639: 12629: 12628: 12627: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12586:Untouchability 12583: 12573: 12568: 12567: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12515: 12513: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12407:Leprosy stigma 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12273: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12129: 12127: 12123: 12122: 12119:Discrimination 12115: 12114: 12107: 12100: 12092: 12083: 12082: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12063: 12057: 12052: 12046: 12040: 12034: 12028: 12027:(2016–ongoing) 12022: 12021:(2014–ongoing) 12016: 12010: 12009:(2014–ongoing) 12004: 11998: 11992: 11986: 11985:(2009–ongoing) 11980: 11979:(2004–ongoing) 11974: 11968: 11962: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11942: 11936: 11924: 11918: 11917: 11916: 11904: 11898: 11892: 11886: 11885:(1971–ongoing) 11880: 11874: 11873: 11872: 11866: 11854: 11853: 11852: 11846: 11840: 11828: 11822: 11821:(1953–ongoing) 11816: 11810: 11809:(1950–ongoing) 11804: 11803:(1949–ongoing) 11798: 11792: 11786: 11785:(1947–ongoing) 11780: 11779:(1947–ongoing) 11774: 11773:(1947–ongoing) 11768: 11762: 11756: 11750: 11747:Noakhali riots 11744: 11738: 11732: 11726: 11720: 11714: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11664: 11658: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11644: 11636:Greek genocide 11633: 11627: 11624:Adana massacre 11621: 11615: 11609: 11603: 11597: 11591: 11585: 11579: 11573: 11567: 11561: 11555: 11549: 11543: 11537: 11531: 11525: 11519: 11513: 11507: 11501: 11495: 11489: 11488:(c.184–c. 205) 11483: 11477: 11471: 11464: 11462: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11437:State religion 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11342:Discrimination 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11308: 11306: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11294:Zoroastrianism 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11270: 11269: 11259: 11258: 11257: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11216:Untouchability 11213: 11203: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11137: 11136: 11133:discrimination 11125: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11102: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11073: 11072:External links 11070: 11069: 11068: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11041: 11030: 11025:978-0313337345 11024: 11009: 10994: 10979: 10964: 10958: 10943: 10921: 10920:(2013 reprint) 10908:Kirby, Dianne 10906: 10891: 10885: 10870: 10855: 10841: 10820: 10805: 10790: 10750: 10737: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10694: 10660: 10634: 10598: 10559: 10550:|journal= 10520: 10502: 10477: 10468: 10461: 10441: 10434: 10414: 10384: 10377: 10350: 10313: 10299: 10262: 10248: 10228: 10188: 10174: 10154: 10140: 10120: 10091: 10062: 10053: 10023: 10014: 10005: 9975: 9966: 9949: 9918: 9892: 9866: 9859: 9835: 9818: 9792: 9780: 9753: 9734: 9727: 9707: 9685: 9666: 9644: 9612: 9605: 9587: 9541: 9534: 9505: 9475: 9447: 9416: 9389: 9375: 9350: 9325: 9299: 9286: 9273: 9271:, p. 201. 9261: 9249: 9234: 9232:, p. 175. 9219: 9190: 9151: 9142: 9136:978-0736920070 9135: 9104: 9095: 9083: 9071: 9069:, p. 429. 9059: 9047: 9035: 9022: 9006: 9004:, p. 314. 8991: 8978: 8966: 8964:, p. 126. 8954: 8947: 8927: 8910: 8901: 8899:, p. 127. 8889: 8886:s.v. "Delphi". 8877: 8863: 8843: 8829: 8809: 8795: 8772: 8758: 8735: 8721: 8715:. p. 76. 8697: 8690: 8670: 8656: 8631: 8617: 8594: 8547: 8514: 8505: 8501:Firestone 2012 8488: 8471: 8456: 8449: 8427: 8413: 8390: 8375: 8364:on 9 July 2008 8349: 8333: 8302: 8272: 8253: 8241:"Introduction" 8224: 8210: 8187: 8170: 8166:Greek Religion 8157: 8144: 8135: 8104: 8098:978-1933771366 8097: 8079: 8073:978-1592578542 8072: 8054: 8033: 7999: 7997:, p. 308. 7984: 7968: 7955: 7915:Kuroda, Toshio 7907: 7887: 7881:978-0226412344 7880: 7859: 7835: 7807: 7801:978-0300154160 7800: 7779: 7773:978-0226184487 7772: 7749: 7742: 7724: 7710: 7680: 7666: 7633: 7602: 7595: 7577: 7570: 7549: 7539: 7518: 7498: 7491: 7473: 7466: 7443: 7436: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7359: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7324: 7321: 7316: 7315: 7307: 7296: 7288: 7280: 7272: 7264: 7256: 7248: 7239: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7125: 7124: 7116: 7108: 7100: 7092: 7084: 7076: 7068: 7060: 7052: 7043: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6949: 6948: 6940: 6932: 6921: 6913: 6904: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6873: 6872: 6864: 6856: 6848: 6840: 6831: 6793: 6792: 6773: 6772: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6734:ethnoreligious 6725: 6722: 6653: 6650: 6622:Battle of Badr 6602:Anfal campaign 6576:launch the war 6536:Ba'athist Iraq 6532:Saddam Hussein 6509: 6506: 6439:Ottoman Empire 6380: 6379: 6362:September 2019 6330: 6328: 6321: 6315: 6312: 6259: 6256: 6224: 6221: 6213:2010 Jos riots 6187: 6184: 6172:Hindu majority 6116: 6113: 5986: 5983: 5963:Romantic ideas 5937:Ottoman Empire 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5889:Adal Sultanate 5867: 5864:Adal Sultanate 5858: 5842: 5839: 5744:Main article: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5712: 5709: 5705:Prince Shotoku 5701:Emperor Kinmei 5651: 5648: 5590: 5587: 5479:Main article: 5476: 5473: 5469:Ottoman Empire 5433:Main article: 5430: 5427: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5288: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5223: 5220: 5188: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5166: 5165: 5145: 5143: 5132: 5129: 5101:, such as the 5008:Main article: 5005: 5002: 4982:Battle of Badr 4963: 4888:Ottoman Empire 4833: 4830: 4739:Main article: 4736: 4733: 4604: 4601: 4536: 4533: 4500: 4497: 4462:In their 1997 4430: 4427: 4280: 4277: 4227: 4224: 4203:fundamentalism 4152:sanctum bellum 4098: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3983:Reverse racism 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3953:Prisoner abuse 3950: 3945: 3943:Power distance 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3861:Ethnic penalty 3858: 3857: 3856: 3854:Neurodiversity 3851: 3841: 3839:Dehumanization 3836: 3831: 3829:Cisnormativity 3826: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3805:Related topics 3804: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3649:State religion 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3585:Nuremberg Laws 3582: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3527:Ghetto benches 3524: 3522:Gerrymandering 3519: 3514: 3509: 3507:Gender pay gap 3504: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3286:Lavender scare 3283: 3281:Kill Haole Day 3278: 3276:Indian rolling 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3162:Eliminationism 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3097:Cancel culture 3094: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3066:Manifestations 3065: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2946:Middle Eastern 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673:Zoroastrianism 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2595:Untouchability 2592: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2408:Leprosy stigma 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2094: 2092:Discrimination 2088: 2087: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2064: 2057: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2009:Military terms 2006: 2001: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1767:Tripwire force 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1521: 1516: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1292: 1289:Administrative 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1216:New generation 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1191:Fleet in being 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1132: 1129:Grand strategy 1127: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116:Scorched earth 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 988:Deep operation 985: 980: 973: 968: 962: 957: 956: 953: 952: 949: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 917: 916: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 814: 805: 800: 799: 796: 795: 792: 791: 789:Unconventional 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 737: 735:Disinformation 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 706: 705: 700: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 659: 654: 653: 650: 649: 646: 645: 640: 633: 632: 631: 630: 629: 628: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 586: 585: 584: 583: 582: 581: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 534: 533: 532: 531: 526: 521: 512: 507: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498: 493: 488: 486:Basic training 483: 476: 475: 470: 465: 460: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 415: 414: 412:Reconnaissance 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 377: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 339: 338: 333: 331:Special forces 328: 323: 322: 321: 311: 306: 299: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 241: 240: 231: 226: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 135: 134: 133: 128: 118: 117: 116: 109:Post-classical 106: 101: 95: 90: 89: 86: 85: 77: 76: 58: 57: 26: 18:Religious wars 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14090: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14043: 14035: 14033: 14025: 14024: 14021: 14015: 14012: 14008: 14005: 14004: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13992:Social stigma 13990: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13972: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13862: 13859: 13858: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13766: 13764: 13760: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13615:State atheism 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13551:Jim Crow laws 13549: 13548: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13536:One-drop rule 13534: 13532: 13530: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13463: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13451:Blood quantum 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13430: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13398:Victimisation 13396: 13394: 13393:Trans bashing 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13363:Religious war 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13343:Racialization 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13293: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13214:Glass ceiling 13212: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13157:Ethnic hatred 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13092:Counter-jihad 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13051: 13048: 13047: 13045: 13041: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12866: 12865:United States 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12747: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12729: 12728:United States 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12671: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12649:Protestantism 12647: 12645: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12630: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12594: 12591: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12559:LDS or Mormon 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12508: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12484:Transmisogyny 12482: 12480: 12477: 12476: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12387:Gerontophobia 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12317:Anti-intersex 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12292:Anti-albinism 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12272: 12268: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12133:Institutional 12131: 12130: 12128: 12124: 12120: 12113: 12108: 12106: 12101: 12099: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12080: 12075: 12068: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12050: 12047: 12044: 12041: 12038: 12035: 12032: 12029: 12026: 12023: 12020: 12017: 12014: 12011: 12008: 12005: 12002: 11999: 11996: 11993: 11990: 11987: 11984: 11981: 11978: 11975: 11972: 11969: 11966: 11963: 11960: 11957: 11954: 11951: 11946: 11943: 11940: 11937: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11927:Yugoslav Wars 11925: 11922: 11919: 11914: 11913:Big Excursion 11911: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11902: 11899: 11896: 11893: 11890: 11887: 11884: 11881: 11878: 11875: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11850: 11847: 11844: 11841: 11838: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11826: 11823: 11820: 11817: 11814: 11811: 11808: 11805: 11802: 11799: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11775: 11772: 11769: 11766: 11763: 11760: 11757: 11754: 11751: 11748: 11745: 11742: 11739: 11736: 11733: 11730: 11727: 11724: 11723:The Holocaust 11721: 11718: 11715: 11712: 11709: 11706: 11703: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11662: 11659: 11656: 11653: 11650: 11647: 11643: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11631: 11628: 11625: 11622: 11619: 11618:Dungan Revolt 11616: 11613: 11610: 11607: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11583: 11580: 11577: 11574: 11571: 11568: 11565: 11562: 11559: 11556: 11553: 11550: 11547: 11544: 11541: 11538: 11535: 11532: 11529: 11526: 11523: 11520: 11517: 11514: 11511: 11508: 11505: 11502: 11499: 11496: 11493: 11490: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11478: 11475: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432:State atheism 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11327:Deprogramming 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11279:Protestantism 11277: 11275: 11272: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11189:LDS or Mormon 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11134: 11130: 11123: 11118: 11116: 11111: 11109: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11058: 11054: 11049: 11048: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11021: 11017: 11016: 11010: 11007: 11006:9781476603919 11003: 11000:, McFarland, 10999: 10995: 10992: 10991:9783525310540 10988: 10984: 10980: 10977: 10976:9780807862124 10973: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10955: 10951: 10950: 10944: 10929: 10928: 10922: 10919: 10918:9781137339430 10915: 10911: 10907: 10904: 10903:9780271042145 10900: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10886:9780521399296 10882: 10878: 10877: 10871: 10868: 10867:9780199755035 10864: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10844: 10842:9780199860302 10838: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10821: 10818: 10817:9781401305581 10814: 10810: 10806: 10803: 10802:9780062097101 10799: 10795: 10791: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10751: 10740: 10738:9781134598472 10734: 10730: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10698: 10691: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10670: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10631: 10618: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10602: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10563: 10555: 10543: 10535: 10531: 10524: 10517: 10505: 10503:9780857897152 10499: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10481: 10472: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10453: 10445: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10418: 10403: 10402:PBS Frontline 10399: 10395: 10388: 10380: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10339: 10335: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10302: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10273: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10251: 10249:0-7146-4921-X 10245: 10241: 10240: 10232: 10224: 10218: 10202: 10198: 10192: 10177: 10175:0-7656-1318-2 10171: 10167: 10166: 10158: 10143: 10141:0-7656-1318-2 10137: 10133: 10132: 10124: 10108: 10104: 10103: 10095: 10079: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10057: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10018: 10009: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9970: 9964: 9960: 9957: 9953: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9922: 9906: 9902: 9896: 9881: 9877: 9870: 9862: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9847: 9839: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9806: 9802: 9796: 9789: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9757: 9749: 9745: 9738: 9730: 9728:9780300126969 9724: 9720: 9719: 9711: 9705: 9704:0-7432-8502-6 9701: 9697: 9696: 9689: 9673: 9669: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9648: 9629: 9626:. Unrwa.org. 9622: 9616: 9608: 9606:0-946690-42-1 9602: 9598: 9591: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9548:Stern, Yoav. 9545: 9537: 9535:0-8050-4848-0 9531: 9527: 9522: 9521: 9515: 9509: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9479: 9463: 9458: 9451: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9420: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9393: 9378: 9376:9780521456784 9372: 9368: 9367: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9338: 9337: 9329: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9296: 9290: 9283: 9277: 9270: 9265: 9258: 9253: 9246: 9241: 9239: 9231: 9226: 9224: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9194: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9155: 9146: 9138: 9132: 9128: 9127: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9099: 9092: 9087: 9080: 9075: 9068: 9063: 9056: 9051: 9044: 9039: 9032: 9026: 9019: 9015: 9010: 9003: 9002:Bradbury 2004 8998: 8996: 8988: 8982: 8975: 8970: 8963: 8958: 8950: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8931: 8925:, p. 21. 8924: 8923:Bradbury 2004 8919: 8917: 8915: 8905: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8866: 8864:9781780762500 8860: 8856: 8855: 8847: 8832: 8830:9781783265596 8826: 8822: 8821: 8813: 8798: 8796:9781442236011 8792: 8788: 8787: 8779: 8777: 8761: 8759:9788132105381 8755: 8751: 8750: 8742: 8740: 8724: 8722:9780199756551 8718: 8714: 8710: 8709: 8701: 8693: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8674: 8659: 8657:9780664238827 8653: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8636: 8620: 8618:9781585583003 8614: 8610: 8609: 8601: 8599: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8558: 8551: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8509: 8502: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8467: 8460: 8452: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8431: 8416: 8414:9781107017368 8410: 8406: 8405: 8397: 8395: 8386: 8383:Kaushik Roy. 8379: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8346: 8342: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8277: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8213: 8211:9783161498091 8207: 8203: 8202: 8194: 8192: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8167: 8161: 8154: 8148: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8108: 8100: 8094: 8090: 8083: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8037: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8006: 8004: 7996: 7991: 7989: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7965: 7959: 7953:23.3-4 (1996) 7952: 7946: 7940: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7883: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7864: 7856: 7848: 7847: 7839: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7811: 7803: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7784: 7775: 7769: 7765: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7745: 7743:9780470673508 7739: 7735: 7728: 7713: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7684: 7669: 7667:9781409480211 7663: 7659: 7658: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7606: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7573: 7567: 7563: 7556: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7540:9781118953426 7536: 7532: 7525: 7523: 7514: 7513: 7505: 7503: 7494: 7492:9780470673508 7488: 7484: 7477: 7469: 7463: 7459: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7439: 7437:9780830834662 7433: 7429: 7424: 7423: 7414: 7410: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7388:BCMS language 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7345: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7320: 7308: 7305: 7297: 7289: 7281: 7273: 7265: 7257: 7249: 7241: 7240: 7229: 7129: 7117: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7085: 7077: 7069: 7061: 7053: 7045: 7044: 7033: 6953: 6941: 6933: 6930: 6922: 6914: 6906: 6905: 6877: 6865: 6857: 6849: 6841: 6833: 6832: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6652:Yugoslav Wars 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6608:, the eighth 6607: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6518:revolutionary 6515: 6514:Iran–Iraq War 6508:Iran–Iraq War 6505: 6503: 6502:Shafik Wazzan 6499: 6494: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453:. During the 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6428:Shiite Muslim 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6392: 6387: 6376: 6373: 6365: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6331:This section 6329: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6278: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6241:South Vietnam 6238: 6234: 6233:South Vietnam 6230: 6229:Ngo Dinh Diem 6220: 6218: 6214: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6095:, during the 6094: 6091: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6036:Negev Bedouin 6033: 6029: 6028:Israeli Arabs 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5971:Filiki Eteria 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5946:Felicia Skene 5942: 5938: 5934: 5922:Modern period 5919: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5865: 5857:'s expansion 5856: 5852: 5847: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5806:regarded the 5805: 5800: 5798: 5797:Protestantism 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5685:Nakatomi clan 5682: 5681:Mononobe clan 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5625:Winkler Prins 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5487: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5465:bellum sacrum 5462: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5448: 5447:Winkler Prins 5442: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5423:hagiographers 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5358:According to 5355: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5286:(281–280 BCE) 5285: 5281: 5279:(339–338 BCE) 5278: 5274: 5272:(356–346 BCE) 5271: 5267: 5265:(449–448 BCE) 5264: 5260: 5258:(595–585 BCE) 5257: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5173: 5162: 5153: 5149: 5146:This section 5144: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5128: 5126: 5125:voluntary war 5122: 5121:mandatory war 5117: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4971: 4968: 4967:Surah Al-Hajj 4962: 4957: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4892:modern period 4889: 4885: 4884:Mughal Empire 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4826:bellum justum 4823: 4822:jus ad bellum 4819: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4770:Dharma-yuddha 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4741:Dharma-yuddha 4732: 4730: 4729:bellum sacrum 4726: 4725: 4724:bellum iustum 4720: 4719:Pope Urban II 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4651:bellum iustum 4648: 4644: 4643:bellum sacrum 4636: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4585:ancient Greek 4582: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4525:imperial cult 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449:Kalevi Holsti 4447:According to 4445: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4334:"religious". 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4275: 4271: 4269: 4268:bellum sacrum 4265: 4260: 4258: 4257:bellum iustum 4252: 4250: 4246: 4245:Konrad Repgen 4241: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164:modern period 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4136:religious war 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Social stigma 4035: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3644:State atheism 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3580:Jim Crow laws 3578: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3565:One-drop rule 3563: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3480:Blood quantum 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3421:Victimisation 3419: 3417: 3416:Trans bashing 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387:Religious war 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3368:Racialization 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3239:Glass ceiling 3237: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3182:Ethnic hatred 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3117:Counter-jihad 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3063: 3062: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882:United States 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2745:United States 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2658:Protestantism 2656: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2568:LDS or Mormon 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2485:Transmisogyny 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2388:Gerontophobia 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2318:Anti-intersex 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2293:Anti-albinism 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Institutional 2116: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Warrior caste 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1866:Show of force 1864: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1854:Peacebuilding 1852: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1710:Air supremacy 1708: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1650:Islamic rules 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630:Court-martial 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1608: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1529:Arms industry 1527: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1146:Broken-backed 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 983:Expeditionary 981: 979: 978: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 963: 960: 955: 954: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 915: 912: 911: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 854:Counterattack 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 808: 803: 798: 797: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 779:Psychological 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 715:Combined arms 713: 711: 708: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 657: 652: 651: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 627: 624: 623: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 593: 592: 589: 588: 580: 577: 576: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 554:Fortification 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 536: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 514: 513: 510: 505: 504: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 455: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 375: 372: 370: 369:Landing craft 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 320: 317: 316: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 301: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 239: 235: 234:Standing army 232: 230: 227: 225: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 129: 127: 126:pike and shot 124: 123: 122: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 93: 88: 87: 83: 79: 78: 72: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 14068:Wars by type 13826:Gender-blind 13713:Human rights 13541:Racial quota 13528: 13508:Jewish quota 13488:Gerontocracy 13483:Gender roles 13461:Disabilities 13446:Blood purity 13418:Wife selling 13408:White flight 13388:Slut-shaming 13368:Scapegoating 13362: 13286:Murder music 12949:Palestinians 12892:Anti-Zionism 12760:South Africa 12745:Black people 12723:South Africa 12539:Christianity 12529:Baháʼí Faith 12452:Sectarianism 12392:Heterosexism 12357:Ephebiphobia 12327:Anti-Masonry 12194:Hair texture 11929:(1991–2001) 11909:(1984–1989) 11869:Famen Temple 11859:(1966–1976) 11669:(1922–1991) 11638:(1913–1922) 11451: 11169:Christianity 11159:Baháʼí Faith 11060:. Retrieved 11056: 11033: 11014: 10997: 10982: 10967: 10948: 10935:. Retrieved 10926: 10909: 10894: 10875: 10858: 10824: 10811:, Hyperion, 10808: 10793: 10782:. Retrieved 10762: 10758: 10742:. Retrieved 10727: 10719:Bibliography 10705: 10702:Tibi, Bassam 10697: 10688: 10682:the original 10675: 10663: 10651:. Retrieved 10637: 10628: 10621:. Retrieved 10610: 10601: 10572: 10568: 10562: 10533: 10529: 10523: 10514: 10507:. Retrieved 10493: 10480: 10471: 10451: 10444: 10424: 10417: 10405:. Retrieved 10397: 10387: 10367: 10341:. Retrieved 10337: 10304:. Retrieved 10282: 10253:. Retrieved 10238: 10231: 10205:. Retrieved 10191: 10179:. Retrieved 10164: 10157: 10145:. Retrieved 10130: 10123: 10111:. Retrieved 10101: 10094: 10082:. Retrieved 10072: 10065: 10056: 10044:. Retrieved 10026: 10017: 10008: 9996:. Retrieved 9992:the original 9978: 9969: 9952: 9940:. Retrieved 9936:the original 9931: 9921: 9909:. Retrieved 9895: 9883:. Retrieved 9879: 9869: 9845: 9838: 9821: 9809:. Retrieved 9795: 9783: 9775:the original 9770: 9766: 9756: 9747: 9737: 9716: 9710: 9693: 9688: 9676:. Retrieved 9657: 9647: 9635:. Retrieved 9615: 9596: 9590: 9575: 9560: 9544: 9519: 9508: 9496:. Retrieved 9492:the original 9487: 9478: 9466:. Retrieved 9461: 9450: 9438:. Retrieved 9429: 9419: 9402: 9392: 9380:. Retrieved 9365: 9341:. Retrieved 9335: 9328: 9316:. Retrieved 9311: 9302: 9294: 9289: 9281: 9276: 9269:Burgess 1998 9264: 9257:Burgess 1998 9252: 9245:Burgess 1998 9230:Burgess 1998 9210:. Retrieved 9203: 9193: 9174: 9159: 9154: 9145: 9125: 9098: 9090: 9086: 9078: 9074: 9062: 9050: 9038: 9030: 9025: 9017: 9009: 8986: 8981: 8973: 8969: 8962:Ullidtz 2014 8957: 8937: 8930: 8904: 8897:Ullidtz 2014 8892: 8885: 8880: 8870:15 September 8868:. Retrieved 8853: 8846: 8836:16 September 8834:. Retrieved 8819: 8812: 8802:16 September 8800:. Retrieved 8785: 8765:16 September 8763:. Retrieved 8748: 8728:16 September 8726:. Retrieved 8707: 8700: 8680: 8673: 8661:. Retrieved 8647: 8622:. Retrieved 8607: 8585:. Retrieved 8578:the original 8569: 8563: 8550: 8538:. Retrieved 8531:the original 8517: 8508: 8503:, p. 3. 8479: 8474: 8465: 8459: 8440: 8430: 8418:. Retrieved 8403: 8384: 8378: 8366:. Retrieved 8362:the original 8352: 8344: 8336: 8324:. Retrieved 8315: 8305: 8293:. Retrieved 8265:10 September 8263:. Retrieved 8244: 8215:. Retrieved 8200: 8173: 8165: 8160: 8152: 8147: 8138: 8126:. Retrieved 8117: 8107: 8088: 8082: 8063: 8057: 8041: 8036: 8024:. Retrieved 8015: 7979: 7963: 7958: 7950: 7927:. Retrieved 7910: 7900: 7890: 7871: 7853: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7810: 7791: 7763: 7733: 7727: 7715:. Retrieved 7693: 7690:"Succession" 7683: 7671:. Retrieved 7656: 7624:. Retrieved 7620:the original 7615: 7605: 7586: 7580: 7561: 7544: 7530: 7511: 7482: 7476: 7457: 7421: 7413: 7362: 7334:War of ideas 7318: 7146: 7127: 7017: 6951: 6875: 6727: 6687: 6664:Croatian War 6661: 6643: 6633: 6625: 6595: 6588: 6525: 6511: 6495: 6479: 6474:Vichy French 6467: 6447:polarization 6436: 6420:Sunni Muslim 6397: 6368: 6359: 6344:Please help 6332: 6296: 6281: 6261: 6249: 6226: 6210: 6206:Kaduna State 6204:in southern 6199: 6195: 6182:population. 6145: 6137:Allama Iqbal 6118: 6109:Benny Morris 6106: 6074: 6056: 6040:Wailing Wall 5996: 5930: 5878: 5832: 5812:John Morrill 5801: 5766: 5759: 5749: 5725:Quetzalcoatl 5721:Tezcatlipoca 5714: 5696: 5665:missionaries 5659: 5633:Hussite Wars 5632: 5628: 5624: 5601:Hussite Wars 5598: 5589:Hussite Wars 5550: 5544: 5508: 5505:Jim Bradbury 5503: 5496: 5490: 5464: 5458: 5451: 5445: 5438: 5391:Jim Bradbury 5381:against the 5372: 5357: 5348: 5337: 5333: 5314: 5289: 5225: 5214: 5156: 5152:adding to it 5147: 5118: 5115: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5069: 5041: 5032:James Tissot 4975: 4959: 4940: 4933: 4930:war in Islam 4918: 4896: 4853: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4815: 4804:Neither the 4803: 4796: 4790: 4789:such as the 4779:jus in bello 4778: 4768: 4766: 4728: 4722: 4661: 4655: 4650: 4642: 4640: 4603:Christianity 4593:Hebrew Bible 4579: 4552: 4505:henotheistic 4502: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4476: 4472:Alan Axelrod 4463: 4461: 4446: 4442: 4423: 4418:The Troubles 4411: 4399:study of law 4376: 4360: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4292: 4273: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4243: 4217: 4213: 4211: 4180: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4133: 4101: 3871:Gender-blind 3750:Human rights 3570:Racial quota 3557: 3537:Jewish quota 3517:Gerontocracy 3512:Gender roles 3490:Disabilities 3475:Blood purity 3441:Wife selling 3431:White flight 3411:Slut-shaming 3391:Scapegoating 3311:Murder music 2966:Palestinians 2909:Anti-Zionism 2777:South Africa 2762:Black people 2740:South Africa 2548:Christianity 2538:Baháʼí Faith 2453:Sectarianism 2393:Heterosexism 2358:Ephebiphobia 2328:Anti-Masonry 2187:Hair texture 1979:Fifth column 1959:War resister 1954:Women in war 1849:Peacekeeping 1794:Arms control 1739: 1428:Mobilization 1423:Conscription 1381:Intelligence 1334:Organization 1240: 975: 904:Encirclement 784:Radiological 720:Conventional 574:Subterranean 481:Development: 480: 457: 419: 381: 344:Naval units: 343: 336:Signal corps 303: 266:Intelligence 246:Specialties: 245: 170:Organization 121:Early modern 13728:Nonviolence 13723:LGBT rights 13688:Empowerment 13656:Anti-racism 13578:Segregation 13523:No kid zone 13323:Persecution 13236:Hate speech 13187:Gay bashing 13162:Ethnic joke 13117:Dog whistle 13062:Blood libel 12740:Azerbaijani 12644:Neopaganism 12637:Persecution 12598:Persecution 12581:Persecution 12544:Catholicism 12524:Exclusivism 12474:Transphobia 12457:Supremacism 12412:Lesbophobia 12332:Aporophobia 12297:Anti-autism 12148:Taste-based 12143:Statistical 12015:(2014–2017) 12003:(2014–2017) 11997:(2013–2016) 11935:(1992–1996) 11897:(1975–1979) 11891:(1975–1990) 11797:(1948–1980) 11743:(1945–1989) 11737:(1945–1989) 11731:(1941–1945) 11725:(1939–1945) 11713:(1936–1975) 11698:legislation 11663:(1917–1990) 11657:(1915–1923) 11651:(1914–1924) 11632:(1912–1913) 11620:(1862–1877) 11602:(1857–1858) 11596:(1789–1801) 11584:(1683–1922) 11578:(1673–1829) 11572:(1609–1614) 11566:(1562–1598) 11560:(1561–1812) 11554:(1526–1791) 11548:(1522–1712) 11542:(1500–1526) 11518:(1184–1908) 11516:Inquisition 11427:Segregation 11392:Intolerance 11332:Desecration 11274:Neopaganism 11267:Persecution 11228:Persecution 11211:Persecution 11174:Catholicism 11154:Exclusivism 11062:9 September 10645:. Pbs.org. 10579:: 349–350. 8128:12 February 7995:Holsti 1991 6929:Mormon wars 6738:South Sudan 6698:nationalist 6668:Bosnian War 6482:amnesty law 6470:Free French 6148:British Raj 6054:massacres. 6042:led to the 6016:Circassians 5979:Megali Idea 5959:philhellene 5941:nationalist 5912:Addis Ababa 5885:Abyssinians 5793:Catholicism 5773:Protestants 5551:Reconquista 5526:), or were 5510:Reconquista 5492:Reconquista 5475:Reconquista 5407:Merovingian 5379:Charlemagne 5323:Middle Ages 5312:מלחמת מצווה 5067:מלחמת מצווה 4880:Reconquista 4818:Mahabharata 4806:Mahabharata 4792:Mahabharata 4775:Hindu texts 4380:philologist 4337:Theologian 4328:Reformation 4312:Hessian War 4306:during the 4226:Definitions 4195:Afghanistan 3765:Nonviolence 3760:LGBT rights 3725:Empowerment 3693:Anti-racism 3607:Segregation 3552:No kid zone 3348:Persecution 3261:Hate speech 3212:Gay bashing 3187:Ethnic joke 3142:Dog whistle 3087:Blood libel 2757:Azerbaijani 2653:Neopaganism 2646:Persecution 2607:Persecution 2590:Persecution 2553:Catholicism 2533:Exclusivism 2475:Transphobia 2458:Supremacism 2413:Lesbophobia 2333:Aporophobia 2298:Anti-autism 2133:Taste-based 2128:Statistical 1964:War studies 1787:Non-warfare 1715:Appeasement 1680:Martial law 1519:War economy 1458:Transgender 1411:Recruitment 1171:Containment 1056:Culminating 1036:Anti-access 959:Operational 879:Envelopment 822:Air assault 703:Air cavalry 663:Air defence 643:Information 544:Cold-region 509:Battlespace 458:Historical: 304:Land units: 210:Space force 205:Coast guard 138:Late modern 99:Prehistoric 14057:Categories 14002:Stereotype 13997:Speciesism 13878:Oppression 13873:Oikophobia 13769:Allophilia 13753:Toleration 13610:Sodomy law 13503:Internment 13423:Witch-hunt 13301:Blackhawks 13231:Hate group 13219:Hate crime 13192:Gendercide 13182:Freak show 13172:Excellence 13132:Employment 13102:Defamation 13029:Vietnamese 13024:Venezuelan 12909:Lithuanian 12571:Falun Gong 12501:Xenophobia 12496:Vegaphobia 12479:Non-binary 12437:Pedophobia 12402:Homophobia 12224:Skin color 12184:Disability 12157:Attributes 12138:Structural 11512:(643–1526) 11387:Iconoclasm 11382:Hate crime 11312:Censorship 11201:Falun Gong 10623:10 January 10255:11 January 9885:20 October 9811:20 October 9678:12 October 9637:20 October 9514:Segev, Tom 9405:(19): 24. 9067:Nolan 2006 9055:Nolan 2006 8711:. Oxford: 8368:20 October 8254:0812216563 8026:11 October 7571:0816028516 7406:References 7366:The term " 6714:euphemisms 6672:Yugoslavia 6656:See also: 6384:See also: 6190:See also: 6032:Samaritans 5955:Ian Morris 5375:Saxon Wars 5345:Saxon Wars 5215:dharamyudh 5203:Guru Arjan 5195:dharamyudh 5170:See also: 5159:March 2022 5036:Numbers 31 5020:See also: 4996:(630) and 4978:polytheist 4745:See also: 4699:Asia Minor 4545:Polytheism 4529:monotheism 4466:, authors 4433:See also: 4429:Prevalence 4383:Max Müller 4374:as "law". 4324:Williamite 4283:See also: 4230:See also: 4126:after the 4047:Stereotype 4042:Speciesism 3923:Oppression 3918:Oikophobia 3814:Allophilia 3790:Toleration 3639:Sodomy law 3532:Internment 3446:Witch-hunt 3326:Blackhawks 3256:Hate group 3244:Hate crime 3217:Gendercide 3207:Freak show 3197:Excellence 3157:Employment 3127:Defamation 3046:Vietnamese 3041:Venezuelan 2926:Lithuanian 2580:Falun Gong 2502:Xenophobia 2497:Vegaphobia 2480:Non-binary 2438:Pedophobia 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