514:
solar generating power to be added to the grid in 2022 and 2023 with further 330MW to be added in 2024 and 2025. Croatia hopes to meet its 2030 renewable energy targets well ahead of schedule in 2025. with 109MW of Solar, 1400MW of
Hydroelectric and 671MW Wind energy already commissioned, Croatia hopes to add further 1500MW of renewable energy to the power grid by or in 2025, increasing its Solar generation to 770MW, Hydroelectric to 1700MW and Wind to 1270MW. Croatia meets EU renewable energy targets, currently Croatia is in top 5 nations in the EU in terms of renewable energy target with renewable energy accounting for majority of energy power generation in Croatia. By 2023 Croatia hopes to install further 1500MW of Solar and Wind capacity increasing renewable energy share in Croatia energy mix to over 80% of energy produced in Croatia through renewable energy sources, reaching its 2050 renewable energy strategy 20 years ahead of schedule.
330:. No specific goals were set for the energy sector, which disappointed many countries. While the EU had proposed an annual increase in the use of renewable energy at a rate of 1.5% worldwide until 2010, Johannesburg's action plan did not recommend such a "substantial" increase, with no concrete goals nor dates being set. The EU was unwilling to accept this result and with other nations formed a group of "pioneer countries" that promised to establish ambitious national or even regional goals to achieve global targets. The Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC) has a total of more than 80 member countries; the EU members, Brazil, South Africa and New Zealand amongst them.
1582:
615:
359:
the sectoral targets, the technology mix they expect to use, the trajectory they will follow and the measures and reforms they will undertake to overcome the barriers to developing renewable energy. The plans are published by the EC upon receipt in the original language, allowing public scrutiny. The commission will evaluate them, assessing their completeness and credibility. In parallel, the plans will be translated into
English. In addition, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands was contracted by the European Environment Agency to create an external database and quantitative report of the reports received so far.
589:
1260:
391:
the 3SI countries have the capacity to deploy 200 GW of solar, 60 GW of onshore wind, and 23 GW of offshore wind by 2030, potentially raising the renewable energy share in electricity generation to 67%. Nonetheless, the report acknowledges challenges, including inadequate progress in offshore wind targets and a lack of policy support in specific regions. The report recommends measures such as prioritizing funding, implementing risk mitigation strategies, and enhancing cross-border infrastructure to maximize the CEE region's renewable energy potential.
612:
1094:
1137:
90:
19:
2020:
1858:
3593:
1375:
3749:
2904:
2582:
3359:
3905:
1172:
1033:
2504:
2463:
7085:
3710:
950:
reflect an equal level of ambition as the targets fixed for EU Member States. The targets for the share of renewable energy in
Contracting Parties in 2020 are the following: Albania 38%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 40%, Kosovo* 25%, North Macedonia 28%, Moldova 17%, Montenegro 33%, Serbia 27% and Ukraine 11%. The deadline for transposing the Directive 2009/28/EC and the adoption of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) was set for 1 January 2014.
4310:
608:
2785:
1899:
2746:
2664:
3671:
7095:
2141:
616:
3102:
2945:
2344:
2305:
1940:
3788:
3516:
2705:
2102:
2061:
1817:
3827:
3438:
4061:
3944:
3866:
2424:
1979:
4178:
4100:
3983:
3281:
2264:
4324:
245:
175:
4217:
4022:
3632:
987:. In many member States, wood was the single most important source of renewable energy, such as in Latvia (29%), Finland (24%), Sweden (20%), Lithuania (17%) and Denmark (15%). The European Union has established sustainability criteria for biomass to be counted towards renewable energy targets. The EU subsidises wood energy to incentivise its use over oil and natural gas, and consumes more wood pellets than any other world region.
2543:
2223:
163:. The directive sets targets for each individual member state taking into account the different starting points and potentials. Targets for renewable energy use by 2020 among different member states varied from 10% to 49%. 26 EU member states met their national 2020 targets. The sole exception was France, which had aimed for 23% but only reached 19.1%. By 2022, Austria, Ireland, and Slovenia had dropped below their 2020 targets.
4139:
2865:
1494:
3202:
2623:
2182:
3398:
3554:
2383:
3242:
2824:
3477:
3320:
484:
143:
renewables accounted for 37.5% of gross energy consumption, led by wind (36%) and hydro-power (33%), followed by solar (14%), solid biofuels (8%) and other renewable sources (8%). In transport, the share of renewable energy used reached 10.2%. Renewable electricity generation reached 50% of total EU electricity in the first half of 2024.
363:
The key parts of the
European renewable energy targets agreement set in 2014 are as proposed by a Shell lobbyist in October 2011. Shell is the sixth biggest lobbyist in Brussels, spending between €4.25-4.5m a year lobbying the EU institutions. Agreement has no binding targets for member states on energy efficiency or renewable energy.
1237:
consumption of 2,645 TWh in 2018, onshore wind contributed 309 TWh (12%) and offshore wind contributed 53 TWh (2%), bringing the total contribution of wind energy to 362 TWh (14%). The energy comes from a total onshore wind capacity of 160 GW and a total offshore wind capacity of 18.5 GW, with an average capacity factor of 24%.
617:
613:
131:'s 2023 revision of the Renewable Energy Directive, which raises the EU's binding renewable energy target for 2030 to at least 42.5%, up from the previous target of 32%. Effective since November 20, 2023, across all EU countries, this directive aligns with broader climate objectives, including reducing
883:
Spain as a whole has the target of generating 30% of its electricity needs from renewable energy sources by 2010, with half of that amount coming from wind power. In 2006, 20% of the total electricity demand was already produced with renewable energy sources, and in
January 2009 the total electricity
757:
Lithuania has many yet undeveloped renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal energy, municipal waste, and biomass. The amount of biomass per capita in
Lithuania is one of the highest in the European Union and it is estimated that in 2020 Lithuania will be the first in the EU according
705:
electricity from renewable sources accounted for about 33.9%. Compared to the previous year, biomass, solar and wind changed their production by +4.8%, -3.1% and -1.7%, respectively, while weather permitting hydro power decreased by 10.3%. Wind and solar combined generated more energy than nuclear in
521:
emissions by 45% by 2030 and phase out coal by 2033. However, the shift to a low-carbon economy will need significant expenditures in new energy infrastructure and additional renewable energy resources. Croatia established a 2030 National Energy and
Climate Plan to attain its aim. The national policy
362:
In 2014, negotiations about EU energy and climate targets until 2030 were initiated. Whilst seven
Central and Eastern European member states had already met their 2020 targets by 2016 (amongst the eleven EU wide), a small number of others are likely to attempt to slow down the transformation process.
358:
by 30 June 2010. These plans, to be prepared in accordance with the template published by the commission, provide detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption. Member States must set out
1560:
is a project bringing together many partners from industry, government, academic and consulting organisations. It is intended that 47 hydrogen powered buses will operate in regular public transport service in 10 cities on three continents. Many of the HyFLEET:CUTE project partners have been involved
394:
By 2023, greentech was one of the few sectors in the EU where venture capital investments matched those in the United States, highlighting the impact of the EU's ambitious climate goals and government subsidies. This targeted investment has helped narrow the gap between the US and EU in sectors such
390:
have made them the most cost-effective sources of electricity in the region. The updated
National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) demonstrate heightened ambition, with some countries having already achieved their 2030 renewable electricity targets. The analysis presented in the report suggests that
333:
In the
European Conference for Renewable Energy in Berlin in 2004, the EU defined ambitious goals of its own. The conclusion was that by 2020, the EU would seek to obtain 20% of its total energy consumption requirements with renewable energy sources. Up until that point, the EU had only set targets
1741:
in the European Union. Including non-EU countries, a total of 81.5 GW had been installed. Although Europe has lost its leadership in solar deployment, the continent still accounts for about 59 percent of global installed photovoltaics. Solar PV covered 3 percent of the electricity demand and 6
1005:
Biofuels offer an alternative plant-based solution to rising problems regarding geological fuel sources. Chemically, biofuels are alcohols produced by fermenting raw materials from starch and sugars. While complete substitution is not yet common in Europe, countries like Germany have been using E10
777:
instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting energy efficiency and the use of endogenous (renewable) energy sources, the
513:
in 1895, some 127 years ago, ever since Croatian energy strategy was based on Hydroelectric power generation, which today accounts for more than half of Croatia's power generation. Other sources of renewable energy in Croatia are Solar with 109MW of installed power in use and with further 350MW of
1396:
The first commercial application of a new form of CSP called STEM will take place in Sicily . This has generated considerable academic and commercial interest internationally for off-grid applications to produce 24 hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other
982:
Biomass is material from plants or animals such as wheat stalks, yard waste, corn cobs, manure, wood or sewage. In 2017, solid biomass was the main type of bioenergy in the EU, accounting for 70% of bioenergy production. In 2016, bioenergy was the leading source of renewable energy in the European
957:
and the acceptance of binding targets Contracting Parties can participate in all cooperation mechanisms. This means in particular that statistical transfers of renewable energy for the purposes of target achievement will be possible independently from physical flow of electricity. In addition, the
146:
In 2022, Sweden led among EU nations, with nearly two-thirds (66.0%) of its gross final energy consumption derived from renewable sources, followed by Finland (47.9%), Latvia (43.3%), Denmark (41.6%), and Estonia (38.5%). Conversely, the EU members reporting the lowest renewable energy proportions
142:
The main source of renewable energy in 2019 was biomass (57.4% of gross energy consumption). In particular, wood is the leading source of renewable energy in Europe, far ahead of solar and wind. In 2020, renewables provided 23.1% of gross energy consumption in heating and cooling. In electricity,
1236:
In 2018 wind energy generated enough electricity to meet 14% of the EU's electricity demand. Denmark had the highest share of wind (41%) in Europe, followed by Ireland (28%) and Portugal (24%). Germany, Spain and the UK follow with 21%, 19% and 18% respectively. Out of the EU's total electricity
949:
Also the Contracting Parties of the Energy Community, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine implement the Directive 2009/28/EC since September 2012. The shares for the Contracting Parties were calculated based on the EU methodology and
772:
In 2010, more than 50% of all yearly electricity consumption in Portugal was generated from renewable energy sources. The most important generation sources were hydroelectric (30%) and wind power (18%), with bioenergy (5%) and photovoltaic solar power (0.5%) accounting for the rest. In 2001, the
525:
Korlat is home to Croatia's largest wind farm, which consists of 18 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 3.6 megawatts. The power station generates around 170 gigatonnes of electricity each year. That equates to around 1% of Croatia's yearly electricity use and energy for over 50 000
346:
set binding targets for all EU Member States, such that the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and a 10% share of renewable energy specifically in the transport sector. By 2014, the EU realized a 16% share of energy from renewable sources with nine member states
990:
Wood pellets are sourced from grinded trees extracted from forests in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, the Baltic states and the southeastern United States. Some of the forests belong to natural protected areas such as the ones located in northern Romania. Although in Europe wood is considered a
403:
Underlying many of the EU's energy policy proposals is the goal to limit global temperature changes to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, of which 0.8 °C has already taken place and another 0.5–0.7 °C (for total warming of 1.3-1.5 °C) is already
366:
On 30 November 2016, the Commission presented a proposal for a revised Renewable Energy Directive to ensure that the target of at least 27% renewables in the final energy consumption in the EU by 2030 is met and to ensure that the EU is a global leader in renewable energy.
614:
1224:
confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over. The report highlights wind power's potential in 2020 as three times greater than Europe's expected electricity demand, rising to a factor of seven by 2030. An EWEA report overviewing 2009 data estimated that 230
611:
6051:
1556:, FCH JU, is a public private partnership supporting research, technological development and demonstration activities in fuel cell and hydrogen energy technologies in Europe. Its aim is to accelerate the market introduction of these technologies. The
1013:
Although this may seem like a slight increase in ethanol use, this progression reflects a more progressive Europe as improvements are being made based primarily upon environmentally conscious efforts, rather than geopolitical or economic pressures.
983:
Union, at 59.2% of gross energy consumption, most of which was used for heating and cooling (74.6%), followed by electricity generation (13.4%) and biofuels (12.0%). Biomass is burned both for heating and electrical generation, often in the form of
6596:
Joanna Krzeminska, Are Support Schemes for Renewable Energies Compatible with Competition Objectives? An Assessment of National and Community Rules, Yearbook of European Environmental Law (Oxford University Press), Volume VII, Nov. 2007,
958:
decision lays down a number of adaptations to the rules for statistical transfers and joint support schemes between the Contracting Parties and EU Member States to ensure the original objectives of the RES Directive are preserved.
154:
enacted in 2009 lays out a framework for individual member states to share the overall EU-wide 20% renewable energy target for 2020. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources is important both to the reduction of the EU's
1366:, The world production of photovoltaic modules surpassed 550 MW, of which more than the 50% was produced in the EU. Within 15 years even a small country in Europe might expect to exceed this amount in domestic installations.
1397:
parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium for CSP systems. It has been developed by Salerno-based Magaldi Industries.
991:
zero-emissions fuel and a renewable energy, this has been considered controversial and scientists have urged policy-makers to stop treating wood as a green source of energy in order to reduce the cutting down of trees.
318:
of 1997 added the principle of sustainable development to the objectives of the EU. Since 1997, the EU has been working towards a renewable energy supply equivalent to 12% of the total EU's energy consumption by 2010.
697:
In 2014, Germany's share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption increased by 1.4% to 13.8%. In 2004, renewables accounted for only 5.8% or about the same share as for the Netherlands in 2014 (5.5%).
5385:
778:
programme seeks to upgrade the competitiveness of the Portuguese economy and to modernize the country's social fabric, while simultaneously preserving the environment by reducing gas emissions, especially the CO
579:
In 2016, renewable electricity accounted for 19.6% of France's total domestic power consumption, of which 12.2% was provided by hydroelectricity, 4.3% by wind power, 1.7% by solar power and 1.4% by bio energy.
6306:
1456:
1349:
17.2 GW of PV capacity were connected to the grid in Europe, compared to 22.4 GW in 2011; Europe still accounted for the predominant share of the global PV market, with 55% of all new capacity in 2012.
618:
789:
382:(3SI) participants. According to the report, renewable energy surpassed coal for the first time in 2023, accounting for 39% of electricity generation in Three Seas countries. The decreasing costs of
5506:
1229:(GW) of wind capacity will be installed in Europe by 2020, consisting of 190 GW onshore and 40 GW offshore. This would produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity, avoiding 333 million tonnes of CO
730:
In 2014, 38.2% of Italian electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005).
5761:
522:
targets for a 36.4% renewable energy share by 2030, as well as major investment in the energy industry, including hydropower, wind farms, solar photovoltaic facilities, and hydrogen energy.
1683:, created by renewable energy usage. It is also claimed by German heavy industry spokesmen that this has forced their industries to close, move overseas, and resulted in the loss of German
420:, the UK's leading academic climate change research organisation, have argued that to be consistent with the science, 1 °C is a more accurate threshold for "dangerous" climate change.
5790:
7350:
447:
27:
6622:
7317:
6439:
954:
736:
production accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.
1472:'s minimum target is to produce solar heating equivalent to 5.600.000 tons of oil (by 2020). A more ambitious, but feasible, target is 73 million tons of oil per year (by 2020)
5268:
4636:
785:
In January 2014, 91% of the monthly needed Portuguese electricity consumption was generated by renewable sources, although the real figure stands at 78%, as 14% was exported.
5921:
1213:
was installed in 2011 alone, representing 21.4% of new power capacity. The EU wind industry has had an average annual growth of 15.6% over the last 17 years (1995-2011).
6276:
4378:
1460:
4803:
5733:
854:
5140:
416:, professor of energy and climate change in the School of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and former director of the
135:
by at least 55% by 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Additionally, the Energy 2020 strategy exceeded its goals, with the EU achieving a 22.1% share of
6647:
6631:
4337:
6615:
6317:
6095:
229:
5341:
4790:
4451:
6073:
5389:
6464:
6257:
4294:*Total includes vegetable oils in Germany: 7309 GWh (2006) and 2018 GWh (2005) and biogas in Sweden: 225 GWh (2006) and 160 GWh (2005), n.a. = not available
710:. Nuclear decreased production by 7.7%, while electricity generation from natural gas, brown and hard coal changed by +50.2%, -3.3% and -5.8%, respectively.
5977:
1202:
Research from a wide variety of sources in various European countries shows that support for wind power is consistently about 80% among the general public.
1463:(SRA), which includes a deployment roadmap showing the non-technological framework conditions that will enable this ambitious goal to be reached by 2050.
838:, covers an area of 250-hectare. The 46-megawatt solar power plant produces enough electricity for 30,000 homes and saves more than 89,400 tons a year in
395:
as energy storage, the circular economy, and agricultural technology, and can be attributed to the European Green Deal and other government regulations.
7256:
4565:
5316:
4714:
4702:
Moving Targets. Negotiations on the EU’s Energy and Climate Policy Objectives for the Post-2020 Period and Implications for the German Energy Transition
6608:
5439:
4408:
5503:
1664:
Employment in the renewable energy industry has however fallen every year since 2011, reaching 34,300 jobs in 2016, according to annual data from the
7167:
6426:
6372:
5570:
4804:
Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions
4476:
5034:
7172:
7162:
7131:
5768:
5123:
4398:
6127:
5411:
4895:
1441:, the EU's installed capacity would already be 91 GWth (130 million m today, far beyond the target of 100 million m by 2010, set by the
7371:
5798:
5463:
1268:
499:
6527:
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
846:
with an installed capacity 11MW, covers an area of 60-hectare, produces enough energy for 8,000 homes and saves more than 30,000 tons a year in
714:
782:
responsible for climatic change. As a result, in the five years between 2005 and 2010, energy production from renewable sources increased 28%.
147:
included Ireland (13.1%), Malta (13.4%), Belgium (13.8%), and Luxembourg (14.4%), with 17 out of the 27 falling below the EU average of 23.0%.
5900:
6343:
7332:
5523:
5301:
750:
In 2016 Renewable energy in Lithuania constituted 28% of the country's overall electricity generation. The majority of renewable energy in
7296:
6845:
509:
One of the earliest Hydro-electric projects in the world and Europe's first Hydro electric power plant was built in Croatia near town of
6235:
6214:
5947:
7345:
7276:
7182:
5555:
4931:
1469:
907:, in particular, are near this goal. In 2006 they fulfilled about 70% of their total electricity demand from renewable energy sources.
466:
436:
5275:
3056:
1743:
758:
to the quantity of available biomass for biofuel production. The projected production of biofuels by 2020 is 0.25 tons per capita.
378:
focuses on the progress and potential of renewable energy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, with an emphasis on the
213:
6293:
7227:
7177:
6515:
4539:
1746:
account for more than 99 percent of the overall capacity, while stand-alone photovoltaic power system have become insignificant.
5925:
7340:
6956:
6805:
5602:
347:
already achieving their 2020 goals. By 2018, this had risen to 18% with twelve member states meeting their 2020 targets early.
5853:
4970:
4701:
7327:
7003:
6941:
5650:
1665:
1183:
1044:
526:
families. Five small solar photovoltaic facilities (totaling 22 megawatts) are being built in Croatia's southern counties of
355:
6154:
4859:
788:
The renewable energy produced in Portugal fell from 55.5% of the total energy produced in 2016 to 41.8% in 2017, due to the
7312:
7291:
7124:
7088:
7029:
7024:
5831:
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835:
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had the second largest photovoltaic power station in the world, which was completed in December 2008. The complex, called
4506:
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4388:
4373:
209:
7271:
7232:
6550:
6526:
5226:"Nation Bureau for Geology and Energy, Energias Renováveis - Estatísticas Rápidas de fevereiro de 2011 (in Portuguese)"
1078:
6201:
6102:
7322:
7212:
4393:
2949:
2908:
2024:
1720:
1668:. IRENA says economic crises and adverse policy conditions led to reduced investments in renewable energy in the EU.
1246:
573:
469:
is an initiative funded under the IEE programme to improve energy consumption in schools and their local communities.
4740:
198:
History of the percentage-share of renewables on the gross final energy consumption in the European Union since 2004
7140:
6682:
5813:
4663:
4609:
6475:
7261:
7192:
7117:
7034:
6700:
5984:
4987:
4650:
4423:
4413:
888:
460:
371:
151:
220:
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in EU27 countries in 2022, compared with 2020 target
7286:
7251:
7187:
6988:
6860:
6735:
6705:
6677:
6499:
2586:
7217:
7055:
7019:
6855:
6755:
6730:
6011:
4352:
1513:
1378:
Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant, in Spain, was the first concentrated solar power plant to provide 24‑hour power.
1000:
745:
4579:
1695:
In 2010 renewables avoided €30bn in imported fuel costs. In 2010 EU supported renewable energy with €26bn.
1382:
Description: CSV power can generate either heat or electricity according to the type used. One advantage of
7222:
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4383:
767:
539:
6406:
5577:
5108:
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6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6840:
6830:
6820:
6815:
6800:
6775:
6672:
6667:
5879:
5085:
1482:. Growth potential is enormous. Solar heating in the EU was equivalent to more than 686.000 tons of oil.
1404:
1217:
692:
6074:"Action Plan for 50%: How Solar Thermal Can Supply Europe's Energy | Renewable Energy News Article"
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5215:
Lithuanian Renewable Energy Promotion Action Plan 2010-2020 years. 2008. Applied research. Vilnius. 215
5172:
4906:
1672:
914:, two autonomous communities in Spain managed to fulfill their total 2006 electricity demand free of CO
567:
413:
5460:
5008:
7065:
6885:
6865:
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6745:
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6720:
6662:
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878:
725:
375:
6810:
4767:"The scale-up gap: Financial market constraints holding back innovative firms in the European Union"
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187:
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6569:
European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources "Members of Parliament for a Sustainable Energy Future"
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4342:
2467:
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839:
588:
547:
543:
132:
6351:
3046:
EUROBSER'VER (Observatoire des énergies renouvelables) Photovoltaic Barometer - installations 2014
754:
is from biofuel. The principal source of electricity from renewable resources is from hydropower.
572:
In July 2015, the French parliament passed a comprehensive energy and climate law that includes a
7281:
7098:
5416:
4315:
2668:
1903:
1724:
1264:
843:
444:
is a cooperative network of mayors and local authorities working to implement energy initiatives.
314:
signed in 1992 set an objective of promoting stable growth while protecting the environment. The
5530:
1505:
6025:
2709:
2227:
2145:
2065:
1862:
1821:
1531:
1451:
The research efforts and infrastructure needed to supply 50% of the energy for space and water
1387:
896:
441:
5386:"Produção de Energia Eléctrica (KWh): Produção por Região, Origem da Energia e Ano, Mes (KWh)"
1530:. The funding of just over £4 million is part of a £13 million funding package for
5955:
4329:
2627:
2268:
2186:
1983:
527:
379:
6600:
5269:"Renewable energy association, Energias Renováveis - February Press release (in Portuguese)"
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4825:
2828:
2387:
1709:
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1063:
The earliest industrial exploitation began in 1827 with the use of geyser steam to extract
733:
351:
343:
6176:
8:
3949:
1452:
1357:
576:
requiring 40% of national electricity production to come from renewable sources by 2030.
429:
334:
up to 2010, and this proposal was the first to represent the EU's commitment up to 2020.
128:
5482:
5363:
4829:
4664:"Gross and net production of electricity and derived heat by type of plant and operator"
1150:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
103:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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CSP Today, April 11, 2014 "Italian project shows strong potential for sand based CSP"
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1093:
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1023:
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813:
793:
323:
311:
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1256:
Description: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.
929:
In 2005, Spain became the first country in the world to require the installation of
7109:
6539:
6258:"Energy Revolution Hiccups: Grid Instability Has Industry Scrambling for Solutions"
5857:
5638:
4833:
4688:
4368:
1356:
79% of all European capacity was in Germany, where 794 MWp had been installed. The
892:
315:
136:
23:
1403:
By year end in the European Union, 2,114 MWp had been installed, mainly in Spain.
253:
183:
5510:
5467:
4863:
4689:
Updating the EU's Energy and Climate Policy. New Targets for the Post-2020 Period
4428:
1010:
since 2011. E10 fuels have replaced the previous E5 fuel, containing 5% ethanol.
938:
904:
796:. The sources of the renewable energy that was produced in Portugal in 2017 were
374:
think tank released a report titled "Empowering Central and Eastern Europe." The
326:
in 2002 failed to introduce the radical changes targeted for ten years after the
6502:
Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 179, s. 63–75, 5/2007
6386:"EurObserv'ER 203 (2011) - Solar thermal and concentrated solar power barometer"
1374:
18:
5124:
Share of renewables in energy consumption in the EU rose further to 16% in 2014
5111:
5038:
3754:
3364:
3101:
2944:
2903:
2019:
1684:
1557:
702:
683:
472:
417:
409:
408:. 2 °C is usually seen as the upper temperature limit to avoid 'dangerous
160:
124:
6385:
6277:"Merkel's Switch to Renewables: Rising Energy Prices Endanger German Industry"
5504:
Las renovables ahorraron en enero 90 millones de euros en importaciones de gas
5388:. Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores. 15 February 2018. Archived from
4477:"Policy Brief: Bioenergy Landscape – Bioenergy Europe Statistical Report 2021"
1516:
machines was officially opened in by the Portuguese minister for the economy.
1459:(ESTTP). Published in late December 2008, more than 100 experts developed the
7365:
5762:"Europe burns a controversial 'renewable' energy source: trees from the U.S."
5709:
5440:"Electricidade de origem renovável na Madeira correspondeu a 29% da produção"
4518:
4363:
3062:
1738:
1422:
911:
774:
5632:
1455:
across Europe using solar thermal energy was set out under the aegis of the
1421:
Description: Solar heating is the usage of solar energy to provide space or
933:
electricity generation in new buildings, and the second in the world (after
6579:
5317:"Seca está a afetar produção de energia hídrica. Consumo de carvão dispara"
1680:
1068:
930:
387:
6584:
5630:
1209:(MW) in 2011, enough to supply 6.3% of the EU's electricity. 9,616 MW of
7242:
3910:
2581:
1752:
2013 - photovoltaic Barometer Report - PV Capacity in the European Union
1676:
1442:
984:
919:
862:
809:
801:
555:
455:
1171:
1032:
4766:
3715:
3180:
2503:
1210:
1072:
1064:
858:
817:
797:
383:
327:
6546:
Reegle: Information Gateway For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency
5412:"Fontes fósseis responsáveis por 63,4% da energia elétrica nos Açores"
5342:"Produção de energia eléctrica: total e a partir de fontes renováveis"
1538:) off the coast of Orkney and will have an installed capacity of 3MW.
1360:
anticipated that Germany may have installed around 4,500 MWp by 2010.
252:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
182:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
7148:
5133:
4357:
3676:
3175:
2462:
1233:
per year and saving Europe €28 billion a year in avoided fuel costs.
1226:
1206:
805:
751:
7351:
List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources
5854:"EEA report confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over"
5817:
4816:
Randalls, Samuel (2010). "History of the 2 °C climate target".
4715:"Shell lobbied to undermine EU renewables targets, documents reveal"
4309:
1205:
Installed Wind power capacity in the European Union totalled 93,957
488:
6316:. EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from
5734:"How Europe's clean energy policies harm forests – DW – 01/04/2023"
5642:
5461:
http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/?article=379834&visual=26&tema=4
5127:
4837:
4347:
3832:
3793:
3521:
3443:
3143:
3066:
2784:
2745:
2663:
1898:
1734:
1523:
831:
492:
7318:
List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources
4860:"Kevin Anderson | Tyndall°Centre for Climate Change Research"
1493:
1437:
If all EU countries used solar thermal as enthusiastically as the
1097:
Share of wind power in total electricity demand in Europe in 2017
5035:"France to Adopt Law to Cut Nuclear Dependency, Carbon Emissions"
4183:
4105:
4066:
3988:
3871:
3598:
3286:
3207:
2704:
2343:
2304:
2222:
2140:
2101:
2060:
1939:
1857:
1816:
1534:. The farm, is to be located at the European Marine Test Centre (
1438:
1007:
977:
510:
6155:"Babcock, EDP and Efacec to Collaborate on Wave Energy Projects"
4580:"23% of energy consumed in 2022 came from renewables - Eurostat"
1602:
have offered new work opportunities in the EU during 2005–2009.
1526:
using four Pelamis machines was announced on 20 February by the
6574:
European Federation of Regional Energy and Environment Agencies
6465:"Solar Thermal and CSP Barometer - installations 2012 and 2013"
4222:
4027:
3637:
3559:
3403:
3247:
2864:
2622:
2423:
2263:
2181:
1978:
934:
866:
821:
713:
In April 2023 Germany shutdown its last three nuclear reactors,
535:
5364:"Evolution of the Electricity Generation in Mainland Portugal"
5150:. Fraunhofer Institute, Germany. 5 January 2015. pp. 2, 3
1431:
At present the EU is second after China in the installations.
227:
6630:
6531:
6523:
European platform for energy efficiency and renewable energy.
6516:
Eurostat - Statistics Explained - Renewable energy statistics
5009:"Greener Croatia aims to cut emissions, secure energy supply"
4418:
4144:
3482:
3325:
2823:
2542:
2382:
1679:, increasing electricity prices and grid instability induced
884:
demand produced with renewable energy sources reached 34.8%.
531:
483:
5924:. European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from
4982:
4980:
6407:"solar_thermal_markets.pdf Solar Thermal Markets in Europe"
5832:"Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential – EEA"
4741:"Renewable energy directive - Energy - European Commission"
4651:
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption
4379:
European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries
1675:
renewable energy caused, according to the German newspaper
1535:
6573:
1561:
in previous hydrogen transport projects, most notably the
337:
6568:
6545:
4977:
1504:
The world's first commercial wave farm is located at the
6520:
6275:
Dohmen, Frank; Neubacher, Alexander (24 February 2012).
4338:
List of renewable energy topics by country and territory
1553:
850:. These solar parks are approximately 30 km apart.
1490:
Description:Wave power is used to generate electricity.
816:
with 0.4% (up from 0.3% in 2016) and a small amount of
592:
Windmills and solar panels at Lisberg Castle in Germany
6563:
5698:"Europe Is Sacrificing Its Ancient Forests for Energy"
5302:"Mau tempo empurra renováveis para recorde em Janeiro"
5198:
4971:"Solarni kapaciteti u regiji četiri puta veći do 2024"
4945:
3057:
Solar power in the European Union § Solar thermal
6335:
5922:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013 - 2017"
4507:"European Union Signals a Move Away from Wood Energy"
7139:
6096:"Solar Thermal Action Plan for Europe ESTIF, 1/2007"
4305:
1407:, in Spain, was the first to provide 24‑hour power.
716:
completely halting the production of nuclear power.
7257:
List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
6307:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018"
6202:
Jobs provided by RES Industry in the EU (2005–2009)
6029:
5631:European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2019).
1222:
Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential
6429:Trends and Market Statistics 2010, ESTIF June 2011
5516:
5167:
5165:
5141:"Power generation in Germany – assessment of 2016"
4791:New EU energy plan – more security, less pollution
4409:Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme
7168:List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom
5856:. Eolic Energy News. 15 June 2009. Archived from
5637:. LU: Publications Office of the European Union.
5634:Brief on biomass for energy in the European Union
5117:
4610:"European Union Renewable Energy Directive, 2009"
800:with 21.6% of the total (up from 20.7% in 2016),
7363:
7173:List of offshore wind farms in the United States
7163:List of onshore wind farms in the United Kingdom
6493:
5314:
5086:"Panorama de l'électricité renouvelable en 2016"
5060:"France passes sweeping energy bill, to raise CO
4452:"Renewable energy targets - European Commission"
4399:European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
1742:percent of the peak electricity demand in 2013.
1703:
542:- the projects initiated in 2022, backed by the
268:Gross electricity production in the EU27 in TWh:
217:
7337:List of people associated with renewable energy
6375:Trends and Market Statistics 2008, ESTIF 5/2009
6274:
5315:Martins Carvalho, Patrícia (22 November 2017).
5244:"Portugal Gives Itself a Clean-Energy Makeover"
5162:
4818:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
1756:
610:
500:Category:Renewable energy in the European Union
5872:
5696:Hurtes, Sarah; Cai, Weiyi (7 September 2022).
824:. 24% of the energy produced in the Azores is
7125:
6616:
6373:Solar thermal market grows strongly in Europe
5102:
4988:"Croatia to add 1.5 GW of renewables by 2025"
1267:in 'watts per capita' from 1992 to
944:
861:centers in the world, started to work in the
842:. Also in production since January 2007, the
7333:List of largest hydroelectric power stations
6462:
6341:
6026:"European Solar Thermal Technology Platform"
1410:
792:, which severely affected the production of
6553:- The state of renewable energies in Europe
6294:Avoiding fossil fuel costs with wind energy
6012:"Spain's round-the-clock solar power plant"
5603:"Bioenergy factsheet - Bioenergy in Europe"
1369:
1251:
961:
7346:List of renewable energy topics by country
7277:List of rooftop photovoltaic installations
7183:Lists of offshore wind farms by water area
7132:
7118:
6623:
6609:
5560:Red Eléctrica de España Annual Report 2006
5032:
4631:
4629:
1457:European Solar Thermal Technology Platform
398:
6632:Renewable energy by country and territory
6299:
5814:"Wind in power: 2011 European statistics"
5695:
5241:
5235:
1744:Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems
1554:Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking
686:electricity came from renewables in 2021.
6255:
4815:
4637:"Share of energy from renewable sources"
1580:
1492:
1373:
1258:
1092:
600:Electricity by source in 2021 in Germany
587:
482:
214:EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC
17:
7228:List of wind farms in the United States
7178:Lists of offshore wind farms by country
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4626:
1512:in Portugal. The farm which uses three
1390:to provide power up to 24 hours a day.
338:Renewable energy directives and targets
7372:Renewable energy in the European Union
7364:
7341:List of renewable energy organizations
6500:Biofuels barometer 2007 – EurObserv’ER
5791:"The Social Acceptance of Wind Energy"
5554:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5299:
5242:ROSENTHAL, ELISABETH (9 August 2010).
5179:(in Italian). Legambiente. 18 May 2015
4930:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4793:, press release by European Commission
4504:
804:with 13.3% (down from 28.1% in 2016),
546:, are expected to save 66 kilotons of
356:National Renewable Energy Action Plans
30:in selected European countries (2021)
7328:Lists of hydroelectric power stations
7113:
6604:
6378:
6256:Schröder, Catalina (16 August 2012).
5756:
5754:
5728:
5726:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5173:"Il rapporto Comuni Rinnovabili 2015"
4700:Oliver Geden/Severin Fischer (2014),
4687:Severin Fischer/Oliver Geden (2013),
1666:International Renewable Energy Agency
773:Portuguese government launched a new
7313:List of books about renewable energy
7292:List of solar thermal power stations
6152:
5811:
5513:, Energías-Renovables.com, (Spanish)
5300:Garcia, Ricardo (12 February 2014).
4994:
4885:Cabot Institute Annual Lecture, 2012
4759:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4500:
4498:
4446:
4444:
1733:of solar PV accounted for almost 79
1166:
1130:
1027:
836:Amareleja photovoltaic power station
412:'. However some scientists, such as
238:
168:
139:in 2020, surpassing the 20% target.
83:
7267:List of photovoltaic power stations
6177:"Orkney to get 'biggest' wave farm"
6009:
5078:
4691:, FES International Policy Analysis
4505:Hurtes, Sarah (15 September 2022).
4389:Energy policy of the European Union
4374:Energy efficiency in Europe (study)
210:Energy policy of the European Union
13:
7297:People associated with solar power
7272:List of pioneering solar buildings
7233:List of wind turbine manufacturers
6590:
5978:"Language selection | Energy"
5767:. 11 November 2021. Archived from
5751:
5723:
5684:
1729:As of the end of 2013, cumulative
1079:European Geothermal Energy Council
812:with 1.6% (up from 1.4% in 2016),
606:
448:Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign
14:
7383:
7323:List of geothermal power stations
7213:List of wind farms in New Zealand
6564:European Renewable Energy Council
6509:
6440:"Solar Thermal Markets in Europe"
6130:. Portugal.gov.pt. Archived from
4597:
4495:
4441:
4394:European Renewable Energy Council
1721:Solar power in the European Union
1247:Solar power in the European Union
937:) to require the installation of
574:mandatory renewable energy target
428:Specific EU renewable energy and
354:required Member States to submit
159:and in meeting targets to combat
7141:Lists of renewable energy topics
7093:
7084:
7083:
6648:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6557:
6542:at the local and regional level.
6153:Lima, Joao (23 September 2008).
5983:. 9 January 2012. Archived from
5442:. dnoticias.pt. 15 February 2018
4322:
4308:
4215:
4176:
4137:
4098:
4059:
4020:
3981:
3942:
3903:
3864:
3825:
3786:
3747:
3708:
3669:
3630:
3591:
3552:
3514:
3475:
3436:
3396:
3357:
3318:
3279:
3240:
3200:
3100:
3050:
2943:
2902:
2863:
2822:
2783:
2744:
2703:
2662:
2621:
2580:
2541:
2502:
2461:
2422:
2381:
2342:
2303:
2262:
2221:
2180:
2139:
2100:
2059:
2018:
1977:
1938:
1897:
1856:
1815:
1714:
1541:
1386:(CSP) is the ability to include
1170:
1135:
1031:
554:per year and 28.8 gigatonnes of
478:
243:
173:
88:
7262:List of photovoltaics companies
7193:List of wind farms in Australia
6456:
6432:
6427:Solar Thermal Markets in Europe
6420:
6399:
6366:
6287:
6268:
6249:
6228:
6207:
6195:
6169:
6146:
6120:
6088:
6066:
6044:
6018:
6003:
5994:
5970:
5940:
5914:
5901:"Wind energy in Europe in 2018"
5893:
5846:
5824:
5805:
5783:
5659:
5624:
5595:
5563:
5497:
5475:
5454:
5432:
5404:
5378:
5356:
5334:
5308:
5293:
5261:
5218:
5209:
5191:
5130:News Release, 10 February 2016.
5052:
5026:
4963:
4938:
4888:
4879:
4870:
4852:
4809:
4796:
4784:
4733:
4707:
4694:
4681:
4656:
4424:Transport in the European Union
4414:Renewable Energy Directive 2018
1240:
869:. It has a capacity of 400 KW.
7287:List of solar powered products
7252:Index of solar energy articles
7188:Lists of wind farms by country
6472:www.energies-renouvelables.org
4704:, SWP Research Paper 2014/RP03
4643:
4572:
4558:
4532:
4469:
423:
1:
7218:List of wind farms in Romania
6344:"Photovoltaic barometer 2015"
4540:"Renewable energy statistics"
4434:
4353:Economy of the European Union
1704:Installed wind power capacity
1698:
1690:
1589:in Europe - Energy Atlas 2018
1548:Green hydrogen § Economy
1497:Pelamis wave energy converter
1485:
1088:
1017:
1001:Biofuel in the European Union
895:technology and plan to reach
808:with 5.1% (same as in 2016),
746:Renewable energy in Lithuania
649:Natural Gas: 37.28 TWh (8.9%)
637:Brown Coal: 92.39 TWh (22.2%)
7223:List of wind farms in Sweden
7208:List of wind farms in Kosovo
7198:List of wind farms in Canada
6580:European Future Energy Forum
5834:. Eea.europa.eu. 8 June 2009
5066:. Carbon Pulse. 22 July 2015
4384:Eugene Green Energy Standard
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1576:
966:
768:Renewable energy in Portugal
739:
643:Hard Coal: 45.14 TWh (10.8%)
7:
6551:All EurObserv'ER barometers
6350:. p. 8. Archived from
6283:– via Spiegel Online.
6264:– via Spiegel Online.
5576:. Ren21.net. Archived from
5033:Tara Patel (22 July 2015).
4301:
3135:
1770:
1737:and generated more than 80
1522:Funding for a wave farm in
1218:European Environment Agency
761:
693:Renewable energy in Germany
461:Intelligent Energy – Europe
10:
7388:
7203:List of wind farms in Iran
7158:List of onshore wind farms
6585:European Commission-Energy
6076:. Renewableenergyworld.com
5344:. Pordata. 31 January 2018
5199:"Sveiki atvykę į avei.lt!"
4566:"EU reaches 50% renewable"
4252:
3054:
2900:
2861:
2820:
2781:
2742:
2701:
2660:
2619:
2578:
2539:
2500:
2459:
2420:
2379:
2340:
2301:
2260:
2219:
2178:
2137:
2098:
2057:
2016:
1975:
1936:
1895:
1854:
1813:
1751:
1718:
1707:
1610:energy industry in the EU
1545:
1414:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1244:
1124:
1021:
998:
994:
975:
971:
945:Energy Community countries
891:lead Europe in the use of
876:
765:
743:
723:
690:
583:
568:Renewable energy in France
565:
504:
497:
207:
152:renewable energy directive
63:
49:
35:
7305:
7241:
7147:
7079:
7048:
7012:
6976:
6899:
6791:
6784:
6691:
6638:
6054:. ESTIF. 19 December 2008
6052:"Single News Item – News"
4292:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3128:
3034:
3031:
3028:
2982:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1607:
1600:renewable energy industry
1478:Worldwide usage was 88 GW
1461:strategic research agenda
1417:Solar heating and cooling
1411:Solar heating and cooling
1144:This section needs to be
899:generation in few years.
879:Renewable energy in Spain
726:Renewable energy in Italy
667:Biomass: 36.74 TWh (8.8%)
631:Nuclear: 28.62 TWh (6.9%)
561:
517:Croatia aims to reduce CO
203:
97:This article needs to be
5509:12 February 2009 at the
5466:17 February 2012 at the
5013:European Investment Bank
4771:European Investment Bank
4343:Climate change in Europe
1532:marine power in Scotland
1384:concentrated solar power
1370:Concentrated solar power
1252:Photovoltaic solar power
962:Renewable energy sources
872:
855:Central de Ondas do Pico
848:greenhouse gas emissions
840:greenhouse gas emissions
719:
661:Solar: 56.28 TWh (13.5%)
655:Wind: 106.12 TWh (25.5%)
544:European Investment Bank
133:greenhouse gas emissions
7282:List of solar car teams
6028:. ESTTP. Archived from
4316:Renewable energy portal
3158:Consumption 2007 (GWh)
3155:Consumption 2006 (GWh)
3152:Consumption 2005 (GWh)
3065:in the European Union (
1725:Growth of photovoltaics
1593:
1085:in the European Union.
1006:fuel consisting of 10%
955:Decision 2012/03/MC-EnC
844:Serpa solar power plant
673:Hydro: 14.31 TWh (3.4%)
487:Wind power stations in
399:Links to climate policy
274: Combustible fuels
6521:Europe's Energy Portal
5148:www.ise.fraunhofer.de/
5064:tax to €100/t by 2030"
4806:, SWP Research Paper 5
1608:Jobs by the renewable
1590:
1498:
1388:thermal energy storage
1379:
1343:
1122:
621:
593:
495:
442:The Covenant of Mayors
432:initiatives includes:
127:(EU) is driven by the
81:
6348:www.eurobserv-er.org/
4802:Oliver Geden (2013),
4330:European Union portal
1584:
1496:
1377:
1262:
1096:
1022:Further information:
999:Further information:
976:Further information:
897:100% renewable energy
620:
591:
540:Primorje-Gorski Kotar
486:
380:Three Seas Initiative
21:
6236:"Jobs annual review"
6215:"Jobs annual review"
6108:on 28 September 2007
5483:"O que são: Oceanos"
4653:, as of January 2023
1710:Wind power in Europe
1671:In 2012, the use of
1506:Aguçadoura Wave Farm
1127:Wind power in Europe
352:Renewables Directive
344:Renewables Directive
6128:"Portal do Governo"
5795:European Commission
5771:on 11 November 2021
5671:energy.ec.europa.eu
5281:on 22 February 2014
5114:, 15 November 2021.
4990:. 10 November 2021.
4830:2010WIRCC...1..598R
4456:energy.ec.europa.eu
4360:ecolabel for energy
3073:
1585:6 advantages of an
1453:heating and cooling
1358:European Commission
910:Through the use of
857:, one of the first
370:In April 2024, the
324:Johannesburg Summit
222:
129:European Commission
6540:renewable energies
6481:on 6 November 2014
6183:. 20 February 2007
6134:on 7 December 2008
6032:on 20 January 2012
5990:on 9 January 2012.
5702:The New York Times
5536:on 30 October 2008
5420:. 15 February 2018
5417:Diário de Notícias
5321:Notícias ao Minuto
5177:Comuni Rinnovabili
4511:The New York Times
4404:Fraunhofer Society
3061:
1591:
1528:Scottish Executive
1499:
1380:
1344:
1279: <0.1, n/a
1182:. You can help by
1123:
1043:. You can help by
924:Castilla-La Mancha
622:
594:
496:
218:
82:
28:energy consumption
7359:
7358:
7107:
7106:
6972:
6971:
6536:energy efficiency
5820:on 27 March 2012.
5801:on 28 March 2009.
5652:978-92-79-77235-1
4912:on 21 August 2014
4299:
4298:
4295:
3133:
3132:
3039:
3038:
1662:
1661:
1587:energy transition
1342:
1341:
1220:report, entitled
1200:
1199:
1165:
1164:
1083:geothermal energy
1061:
1060:
1024:Geothermal energy
814:Geothermal energy
794:hydro electricity
430:energy efficiency
350:Article 4 of the
312:Maastricht Treaty
265:
264:
234:
233:
195:
194:
157:energy dependence
118:
117:
79:
78:
7379:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7111:
7110:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7030:French Polynesia
6789:
6788:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6602:
6601:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6480:
6474:. Archived from
6469:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6444:
6436:
6430:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6382:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6322:
6311:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6240:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6219:
6211:
6205:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6101:. Archived from
6100:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5954:. Archived from
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5928:on 19 March 2014
5918:
5912:
5911:
5910:. February 2019.
5905:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5884:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5816:. Archived from
5809:
5803:
5802:
5797:. Archived from
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5758:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5730:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5693:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5529:. Archived from
5528:
5520:
5514:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5479:
5473:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5280:
5274:. Archived from
5273:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5145:
5137:
5131:
5121:
5115:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5005:
4992:
4991:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4905:. Archived from
4900:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4877:
4876:18 November 2012
4874:
4868:
4867:
4862:. Archived from
4856:
4850:
4849:
4813:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4705:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4660:
4654:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4606:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4481:Bioenergy Europe
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4448:
4369:Energy Community
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4293:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4026:
4024:
4023:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3140:
3139:
3105:
3104:
3074:
3060:
3035:Generation 2014
3032:Total 2014 (MW)
3029:Added 2014 (MW)
2948:
2947:
2907:
2906:
2868:
2867:
2827:
2826:
2788:
2787:
2749:
2748:
2708:
2707:
2667:
2666:
2626:
2625:
2585:
2584:
2546:
2545:
2507:
2506:
2466:
2465:
2427:
2426:
2386:
2385:
2347:
2346:
2308:
2307:
2267:
2266:
2226:
2225:
2185:
2184:
2144:
2143:
2105:
2104:
2064:
2063:
2023:
2022:
1982:
1981:
1943:
1942:
1902:
1901:
1861:
1860:
1820:
1819:
1766:Generation 2014
1763:Total 2014 (MW)
1760:Added 2014 (MW)
1749:
1748:
1605:
1604:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1195:
1192:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1081:(EGEC) promotes
1056:
1053:
1035:
1028:
893:renewable energy
889:regions of Spain
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
609:
316:Amsterdam Treaty
305:
303:
299:
297:
293:
291:
287:
285:
281:
279:
275:
273:
247:
246:
239:
223:
177:
176:
169:
137:renewable energy
123:progress in the
121:Renewable energy
113:
110:
104:
92:
91:
84:
73:
67:
59:
53:
45:
39:
33:
32:
24:renewable energy
7387:
7386:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7301:
7237:
7143:
7138:
7108:
7103:
7075:
7044:
7008:
6968:
6895:
6780:
6687:
6634:
6629:
6593:
6591:Further reading
6560:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6467:
6461:
6457:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6371:
6367:
6357:
6355:
6340:
6336:
6326:
6324:
6323:on 25 June 2014
6320:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6296:EWEA March 2014
6292:
6288:
6273:
6269:
6254:
6250:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6151:
6147:
6137:
6135:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6098:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6008:
6004:
5999:
5995:
5987:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5931:
5929:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5860:on 26 July 2009
5852:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5835:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5810:
5806:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5774:
5772:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5694:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5629:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5583:on 18 July 2011
5580:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5547:
5546:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5524:"Archived copy"
5522:
5521:
5517:
5511:Wayback Machine
5502:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5468:Wayback Machine
5459:
5455:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5423:
5421:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5392:on 23 June 2021
5384:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5313:
5309:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5240:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5171:
5170:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5122:
5118:
5107:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5007:
5006:
4995:
4986:
4985:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4903:www.ieeeghn.org
4898:
4896:"Archived copy"
4894:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4721:. 27 April 2015
4713:
4712:
4708:
4699:
4695:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4648:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4547:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4503:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4437:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4304:
4216:
4214:
4177:
4175:
4138:
4136:
4099:
4097:
4060:
4058:
4021:
4019:
3982:
3980:
3943:
3941:
3904:
3902:
3865:
3863:
3826:
3824:
3787:
3785:
3748:
3746:
3709:
3707:
3670:
3668:
3631:
3629:
3592:
3590:
3553:
3551:
3515:
3513:
3476:
3474:
3437:
3435:
3397:
3395:
3358:
3356:
3319:
3317:
3280:
3278:
3241:
3239:
3201:
3199:
3138:
3099:
3071:
3059:
3053:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2942:
2901:
2862:
2821:
2782:
2743:
2702:
2661:
2620:
2579:
2540:
2501:
2460:
2421:
2380:
2341:
2302:
2261:
2220:
2179:
2138:
2099:
2058:
2017:
1976:
1937:
1896:
1855:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1727:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1609:
1596:
1579:
1550:
1544:
1510:Póvoa de Varzim
1488:
1481:
1419:
1413:
1372:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1232:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1180:needs expansion
1161:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1041:needs expansion
1026:
1020:
1003:
997:
980:
974:
969:
964:
947:
939:solar hot water
917:
901:Castilla y León
881:
875:
790:drought of 2017
781:
770:
764:
748:
742:
728:
722:
708:(see pie-chart)
695:
689:
688:
687:
680:
679:
678:
677:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
624:
623:
619:
607:
601:
586:
570:
564:
551:
520:
507:
502:
481:
426:
401:
340:
308:
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
294:
289:
288:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
270:
269:
266:
261:
248:
244:
230:
228:
216:
206:
201:
200:
199:
196:
191:
178:
174:
114:
108:
105:
102:
93:
89:
80:
75:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
41:
37:
26:in gross final
12:
11:
5:
7385:
7375:
7374:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7309:
7307:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7248:
7246:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7145:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7129:
7122:
7114:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7091:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6957:United Kingdom
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6806:Czech Republic
6803:
6797:
6795:
6793:European Union
6786:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6628:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6566:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6548:
6543:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6511:
6510:External links
6508:
6505:
6504:
6492:
6463:EUROBSER'VER.
6455:
6431:
6419:
6398:
6377:
6365:
6354:on 26 May 2015
6342:EUROBSER'VER.
6334:
6298:
6286:
6267:
6248:
6227:
6206:
6194:
6168:
6145:
6119:
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6043:
6017:
6002:
5993:
5969:
5958:on 4 June 2006
5939:
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5871:
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5823:
5804:
5782:
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5683:
5658:
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5643:10.2760/546943
5623:
5610:ETIP Bioenergy
5594:
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5515:
5496:
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5403:
5377:
5355:
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5248:New York Times
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5132:
5116:
5112:Fraunhofer ISE
5101:
5077:
5061:
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5039:Bloomberg News
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4993:
4976:
4962:
4937:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4866:on 1 May 2010.
4851:
4838:10.1002/wcc.62
4824:(4): 598–605.
4808:
4795:
4783:
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4747:. 16 July 2014
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2080:
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2054:
2051:
2048:
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2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
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2027:
2025:Czech Republic
2014:
2013:
2010:
2007:
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2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
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1969:
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1957:
1954:
1951:
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1787:
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1764:
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1758:
1754:
1753:
1739:terawatt-hours
1716:
1713:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1685:heavy industry
1660:
1659:
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1652:
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1648:
1644:
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1640:
1636:
1635:
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1595:
1592:
1578:
1575:
1546:Main article:
1543:
1540:
1487:
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1479:
1415:Main article:
1412:
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1368:
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1307:
1301:
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1245:Main article:
1242:
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1230:
1198:
1197:
1177:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1143:
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1134:
1125:Main article:
1120: < 10%
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1110:
1104:
1102: > 40%
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1058:
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1016:
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970:
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960:
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915:
877:Main article:
874:
871:
779:
766:Main article:
763:
760:
744:Main article:
741:
738:
724:Main article:
721:
718:
691:Main article:
681:
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632:
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603:
602:
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595:
585:
582:
566:Main article:
563:
560:
549:
528:Split-Dalmatia
518:
506:
503:
480:
477:
476:
475:
473:Eco-innovation
470:
464:
458:
453:
450:
445:
439:
425:
422:
418:Tyndall Centre
414:Kevin Anderson
410:global warming
400:
397:
339:
336:
267:
263:
262:
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237:
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235:
232:
231:
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205:
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197:
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192:
181:
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172:
167:
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161:global warming
125:European Union
116:
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96:
94:
87:
77:
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70:
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7049:South America
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7004:United States
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6558:Organizations
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6243:www.irena.org
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6013:
6010:Goodman, Al.
6006:
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5896:
5888:
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5875:
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5833:
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5812:EWEA (2012).
5808:
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4364:Energy Cities
4362:
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4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3063:Solar heating
3058:
3051:Solar heating
3048:
3047:
3043:
3027:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1715:Photovoltaics
1711:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:power outages
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1588:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1542:Hydrogen fuel
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:Pelamis P-750
1511:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1423:water heating
1418:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1337: 450–600
1331: 300-450
1323: 200-300
1317: 150-200
1311: 100-150
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1178:This section
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1039:This section
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1002:
992:
988:
986:
979:
959:
956:
951:
942:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
913:
912:nuclear power
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
880:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
776:
775:energy policy
769:
759:
755:
753:
747:
737:
735:
731:
727:
717:
715:
711:
709:
704:
703:net generated
699:
694:
685:
684:net generated
682:About 51% of
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
626:
590:
581:
577:
575:
569:
559:
557:
553:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
523:
515:
512:
501:
494:
490:
485:
479:Member states
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
396:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
348:
345:
342:In 2009, the
335:
331:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
280: Nuclear
259:
258:MediaWiki.org
255:
250:
241:
240:
225:
224:
221:
215:
211:
189:
188:MediaWiki.org
185:
180:
171:
170:
164:
162:
158:
153:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
109:February 2024
100:
95:
86:
85:
74: >50%
34:
29:
25:
20:
16:
7025:Cook Islands
6792:
6683:South Africa
6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6476:the original
6471:
6458:
6446:. Retrieved
6434:
6422:
6410:. Retrieved
6401:
6389:. Retrieved
6380:
6368:
6356:. Retrieved
6352:the original
6347:
6337:
6325:. Retrieved
6318:the original
6313:
6301:
6289:
6280:
6270:
6261:
6251:
6242:
6230:
6221:
6209:
6197:
6185:. Retrieved
6180:
6171:
6159:. Retrieved
6148:
6136:. Retrieved
6132:the original
6122:
6110:. Retrieved
6103:the original
6090:
6078:. Retrieved
6068:
6056:. Retrieved
6046:
6034:. Retrieved
6030:the original
6020:
6005:
5996:
5985:the original
5972:
5960:. Retrieved
5956:the original
5950:ec.europa.eu
5949:
5942:
5930:. Retrieved
5926:the original
5916:
5907:
5895:
5887:www.ewea.org
5886:
5874:
5862:. Retrieved
5858:the original
5848:
5836:. Retrieved
5826:
5818:the original
5807:
5799:the original
5794:
5785:
5773:. Retrieved
5769:the original
5764:
5741:. Retrieved
5737:
5715:18 September
5713:. Retrieved
5701:
5674:. Retrieved
5670:
5661:
5633:
5626:
5616:18 September
5614:. Retrieved
5609:
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5578:the original
5565:
5538:. Retrieved
5531:the original
5518:
5499:
5487:. Retrieved
5477:
5470:
5456:
5444:. Retrieved
5434:
5422:. Retrieved
5415:
5406:
5394:. Retrieved
5390:the original
5380:
5368:. Retrieved
5358:
5346:. Retrieved
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5320:
5310:
5295:
5283:. Retrieved
5276:the original
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5247:
5237:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5181:. Retrieved
5176:
5152:. Retrieved
5147:
5135:
5119:
5104:
5092:. Retrieved
5080:
5068:. Retrieved
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5028:
5016:. Retrieved
5012:
4965:
4953:. Retrieved
4949:
4940:
4914:. Retrieved
4907:the original
4902:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4864:the original
4854:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4798:
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4744:
4735:
4723:. Retrieved
4719:the Guardian
4718:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4671:. Retrieved
4667:
4658:
4645:
4616:. Retrieved
4587:. Retrieved
4584:ec.europa.eu
4583:
4574:
4560:
4548:. Retrieved
4544:ec.europa.eu
4543:
4534:
4524:18 September
4522:. Retrieved
4510:
4487:18 September
4485:. Retrieved
4480:
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4455:
4429:EurObserv'ER
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
3045:
3041:
3040:
1728:
1694:
1673:intermittent
1670:
1663:
1597:
1558:HyFLEET:CUTE
1551:
1519:
1518:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1305: 50-100
1263:European PV
1255:
1241:Solar energy
1235:
1221:
1215:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:adding to it
1179:
1153:
1145:
1114: 10-20%
1108: 20-30%
1077:
1069:volcanic mud
1062:
1049:
1045:adding to it
1040:
1012:
1004:
989:
981:
952:
948:
931:photovoltaic
928:
909:
886:
882:
852:
830:
787:
784:
771:
756:
749:
734:Solar energy
732:
729:
712:
707:
700:
696:
578:
571:
524:
516:
508:
427:
402:
393:
388:solar energy
369:
365:
361:
349:
341:
332:
321:
309:
219:
149:
145:
141:
120:
119:
106:
98:
68: 40–50%
60: 30–40%
54: 20–30%
46: 10–20%
15:
7306:Other lists
7243:Solar power
7035:New Zealand
6942:Switzerland
6871:Netherlands
6761:Philippines
6701:Afghanistan
6597:p. 125
6576:(FEDARENE).
6532:ManagEnergy
6485:25 November
6281:Der Spiegel
6262:Der Spiegel
6157:. Bloomberg
5908:Wind Europe
5880:"Factsheet"
5765:Environment
5489:16 February
5446:16 February
5424:16 February
5396:16 February
5370:16 February
5348:16 February
5326:16 February
5285:12 February
5203:www.avei.lt
5018:28 February
4589:22 February
4461:22 February
3911:Netherlands
3191:Bioethanol
2587:Netherlands
2508:Luxembourg
1677:Der Spiegel
1443:White Paper
1297: 10-50
1285: 0.1-1
1191:August 2018
1156:August 2018
985:pellet fuel
920:Extremadura
918:emissions:
863:Pico Island
810:Solar power
802:Hydro power
556:electricity
498:Main page:
456:ManagEnergy
424:Initiatives
304: Other
298: Hydro
286: Solar
254:Phabricator
184:Phabricator
6989:Costa Rica
6861:Luxembourg
6736:Kazakhstan
6706:Bangladesh
6678:Seychelles
5571:"Layout 1"
5471:ww1.rtp.pt
4946:"Naslovna"
4725:18 January
4435:References
3716:Luxembourg
3188:Biodiesel
3181:Bioethanol
1719:See also:
1708:See also:
1699:Statistics
1691:Fuel costs
1618:Employees
1573:projects.
1486:Wave power
1445:in 1997).
1291: 1-10
1265:deployment
1211:wind power
1089:Wind power
1073:Larderello
1065:boric acid
1052:March 2009
1018:Geothermal
859:Wave power
826:geothermal
818:Wave power
798:Wind power
558:per year.
328:Rio Summit
292: Wind
208:See also:
7149:Wind farm
7056:Argentina
7020:Australia
6856:Lithuania
6756:Palestine
6731:Indonesia
6222:irena.org
6204:EREC 2010
5710:0362-4331
5676:30 August
5667:"Biomass"
5540:4 October
5253:11 August
5154:5 January
4916:7 October
4846:140660305
4649:Eurostat
4550:31 August
4519:0362-4331
4358:EKOenergy
3677:Lithuania
3176:Biodiesel
3129:Sources:
3106:EU total
3009:Capacity
2996:Capacity
2975:91,319.8
2969:86,673.9
2966:86,506.8
2789:Slovenia
2750:Slovakia
2468:Lithuania
1794:Capacity
1781:Capacity
1735:gigawatts
1577:Economics
1439:Austrians
1405:Gemasolar
1227:gigawatts
1207:megawatts
1075:, Italy.
967:Bioenergy
953:With the
941:systems.
865:, in the
853:In 1999,
806:Bioenergy
752:Lithuania
740:Lithuania
701:In 2016,
552:emissions
406:committed
40: n/a
22:Share of
7366:Category
7089:Category
7071:Colombia
6994:Honduras
6962:Scotland
6881:Portugal
6771:Thailand
6751:Pakistan
6741:Malaysia
6658:Ethiopia
6448:22 April
6412:22 April
6391:22 April
6314:epia.org
6181:BBC News
6161:24 April
6138:24 April
6112:22 April
6080:24 April
6058:24 April
6036:24 April
5932:19 March
5864:24 April
5838:24 April
5587:24 April
5550:cite web
5507:Archived
5464:Archived
5183:13 March
5128:Eurostat
5094:22 April
4955:22 April
4926:cite web
4751:12 April
4668:Eurostat
4618:22 April
4348:Desertec
4302:See also
3833:Slovakia
3794:Slovenia
3522:Bulgaria
3444:Portugal
3166:Country
3144:Biofuels
3136:Biofuels
3012:Watt per
2983:Country
2978:–
2960:6,883.3
2957:6,878.4
2937:–
2919:2,448.0
2896:–
2857:–
2816:–
2777:–
2738:–
2697:–
2669:Portugal
2656:–
2615:–
2574:–
2535:–
2496:–
2478:–
2455:–
2437:–
2416:–
2413:23,299.0
2407:18,450.0
2404:18,437.0
2375:–
2348:Ireland
2336:–
2309:Hungary
2297:–
2256:–
2253:34,930.0
2247:38,301.0
2244:38,236.0
2238:1,899.0
2215:–
2174:–
2156:–
2133:–
2115:–
2106:Estonia
2094:–
2053:–
2035:–
2012:–
1971:–
1944:Croatia
1932:–
1904:Bulgaria
1891:–
1850:–
1797:Watt per
1757:Country
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1658:550,000
1650:400,000
1642:360,000
1634:300,000
1626:230,000
1524:Scotland
832:Portugal
762:Portugal
493:Slovakia
467:U4energy
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437:BUILD UP
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6952:Ukraine
6922:Iceland
6917:Belarus
6912:Armenia
6907:Albania
6846:Ireland
6841:Hungary
6831:Germany
6821:Finland
6816:Denmark
6801:Austria
6776:Vietnam
6673:Nigeria
6668:Morocco
6327:12 June
6245:. 2016.
6224:. 2018.
5775:30 June
5743:30 June
5485:. APREN
5366:. APREN
5070:23 July
5044:23 July
4826:Bibcode
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4267:47,380
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4067:Finland
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3950:Ireland
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3599:Belgium
3287:Austria
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3070:thermal
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2934:3,931.0
2928:5,230.3
2925:5,228.0
2916:2,448.0
2913:–
2869:Sweden
2854:8,211.0
2848:4,787.3
2845:4,761.8
2792:–
2753:–
2735:1,355.2
2729:1,292.6
2726:1,292.6
2723:–
2714:–
2710:Romania
2606:1,100.0
2603:1,095.0
2591:–
2559:–
2550:–
2520:–
2511:–
2475:–
2472:–
2440:–
2434:–
2431:–
2428:Latvia
2354:–
2351:–
2294:3,856.0
2288:2,602.8
2285:2,595.8
2273:–
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2206:5,600.0
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2112:–
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2044:2,061.0
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2032:–
2029:–
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1923:1,019.8
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6640:Africa
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6187:22 May
6014:. CNN.
5962:26 May
5738:dw.com
5708:
5649:
5612:. 2020
4950:hep.hr
4844:
4745:Energy
4673:7 June
4517:
4483:. 2021
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4220:
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4142:
4103:
4064:
4028:Latvia
4025:
3986:
3947:
3908:
3869:
3830:
3791:
3752:
3713:
3674:
3638:Greece
3635:
3596:
3560:Poland
3557:
3519:
3480:
3441:
3427:2,113
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3401:
3362:
3348:1,310
3323:
3284:
3270:3,174
3267:13,506
3264:16,680
3248:France
3245:
3231:3,408
3228:34,395
3225:46,552
3219:29,447
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3213:21,703
3205:
3185:Total
3172:Total
3169:Total
3124:31.39
3121:29.66
3118:25.55
3115:23.49
3112:21.60
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1335:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
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659:
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647:
641:
635:
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