56:
310:
229:
176:
3068:
285:
338:
419:
on land given to them free of charge by Jordan. The
Republic of Upingtonia was declared on 20 October 1885. At that time, the population of Upingtonia was around five hundred settlers. The state was named after
2877:
444:
385:. There, they came into conflict with the Portuguese colonial authorities, and some of their number decided to return to the Transvaal, while others migrated further south.
1018:
1648:
3154:
2437:
3144:
557:
1895:
1599:
405:
3047:
2981:
3054:
2542:
1815:
1606:
1011:
1313:
2863:
2842:
2696:
1613:
489:
Haillom in the Etosha Region: A History of
Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation. (Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2007), p. 48
428:, from whom the new state was hoping for support. However, little was forthcoming. In 1886, under the influence of the Boers returning to the
2458:
1808:
2374:
2290:
1745:
1724:
2835:
1694:
1655:
3072:
2507:
1863:
1484:
1004:
3159:
2898:
2759:
2675:
1965:
400:, paid as twenty-five firearms, one salted horse, and a cask of brandy. This land stretched almost 170 kilometres (110 mi) from
3040:
2828:
2556:
1888:
895:
2821:
2661:
2619:
2367:
2248:
1831:
1366:
1304:
550:
3149:
2919:
2884:
2395:
1592:
17:
2793:
2353:
1447:
3009:
2800:
2703:
2325:
3139:
2946:
2891:
2807:
2647:
2311:
1874:
1541:
1511:
3085:
2905:
2870:
2814:
2332:
2297:
1986:
1435:
1424:
543:
2682:
2549:
2528:
2486:
2028:
1701:
514:
Exclusion and
Inclusion: Gradations of Whiteness and Socio-Economic Engineering in German Southwest Africa, 1884-1914
455:, and the republic collapsed. The next year the area it had covered was incorporated into German South-West Africa.
365:, but changed its name soon after as the reason for its original name proved worthless. In 1887, it was merged into
2612:
2451:
1620:
1534:
1477:
2849:
2605:
2521:
2402:
2388:
2360:
1627:
1571:
55:
1780:
2591:
2500:
2255:
2014:
2752:
2731:
2654:
2535:
2493:
2472:
2346:
1909:
1555:
1277:
1787:
3124:
3016:
2960:
2786:
2668:
2640:
2577:
2269:
2127:
888:
1794:
2953:
2856:
2724:
2633:
2479:
1838:
415:, Boers had crossed the area, heading for Angola. In 1885 some of these trekkers returned and settled at
2416:
1937:
1845:
1801:
1578:
1456:
1355:
862:
389:
200:
3134:
2967:
2598:
2430:
2423:
2381:
2095:
2042:
1930:
1881:
1662:
1320:
915:
2779:
2035:
1687:
985:
827:
366:
303:
233:
3129:
2738:
2409:
2304:
2171:
2021:
1902:
1634:
1417:
1327:
881:
408:
in the east. Chief
Kambonde relied on the help of Jordan to defeat his rival for power, Nehale.
1979:
1944:
1146:
975:
965:
960:
833:
429:
378:
2514:
2444:
2339:
2234:
2088:
1738:
1518:
1431:
1226:
1046:
839:
607:
115:
2262:
2148:
1916:
1852:
1585:
1348:
1341:
1293:
1076:
627:
228:
8:
2717:
2689:
2563:
2081:
2074:
2007:
1972:
1923:
1403:
1210:
683:
597:
1410:
175:
3002:
2988:
2318:
2134:
1958:
1548:
1138:
1068:
945:
707:
665:
996:
2926:
2283:
1993:
1773:
1463:
1218:
1186:
1122:
940:
935:
737:
701:
689:
535:
2241:
2155:
2049:
1717:
1641:
1562:
1286:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1130:
920:
725:
719:
713:
677:
452:
421:
204:
105:
2995:
2710:
2584:
2227:
2141:
1824:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1470:
1396:
1242:
1202:
925:
904:
785:
749:
587:
397:
354:
251:
91:
132:
3118:
3100:
3087:
2912:
2626:
1731:
1710:
1680:
1673:
1382:
950:
448:
440:
412:
393:
290:
71:
2570:
2179:
2000:
1951:
1114:
1028:
845:
653:
416:
81:
2163:
1106:
671:
425:
451:
and became dependent on German protection. In 1886 Jordan was killed by
2745:
2276:
1389:
1334:
1178:
955:
809:
731:
337:
2197:
2188:
2119:
1525:
1502:
1491:
930:
761:
592:
436:, the name was changed from Upingtonia to Lijdensrust or Lydensrust.
401:
98:
2974:
2465:
2110:
1234:
1091:
803:
779:
640:
577:
392:
bought a tract (fifty thousand square kilometers) of land from the
125:
1375:
980:
873:
815:
358:
328:
2102:
1258:
1037:
797:
773:
767:
582:
433:
382:
1250:
791:
439:
The short-lived republic's capital was
Grootfontein, and its
377:
Between the years 1874 and 1880, farmers migrated from the
255:
525:
Victor L. Tonchi, William A. Lindeke, John J. Grotpeter,
361:. Declared on 20 October 1885, it was originally named
1026:
565:
3116:
1816:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
3155:States and territories disestablished in 1887
1012:
889:
551:
3145:States and territories established in 1885
1019:
1005:
896:
882:
558:
544:
411:Between 1876 and 1879, at the time of the
1889:Reconstruction and Development Programme
470:
468:
336:
1485:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
14:
3117:
1966:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
1000:
877:
539:
465:
1896:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1542:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
24:
903:
341:Map showing Lijdensrust edged grey
189:• Name change to Lijdensrust
25:
3171:
3055:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2683:South African Party (Cape Colony)
396:chief Kambonde for three hundred
3160:1887 disestablishments in Africa
3067:
3066:
527:Historical Dictionary of Namibia
474:Chris Marais, Julienne Du Toit,
308:
283:
227:
174:
54:
27:Former Boer republic in Namibia.
2697:South African Party (1977–1980)
2690:South African Party (1911–1934)
2606:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2403:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
566:Other South African governments
2015:2019 service delivery protests
2001:#FeesMustFall student protests
1746:1983 constitutional referendum
519:
506:
493:
481:
13:
1:
3150:1885 establishments in Africa
2473:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1702:Israel–South Africa Agreement
1095:
1080:
1057:
1050:
644:
631:
618:
611:
512:Robbie John MacVicar Aitken,
2128:Black Consciousness Movement
1882:Government of National Unity
7:
1839:Saint James Church massacre
1725:Weapons of mass destruction
501:Die Boer in Suid-wes Afrika
447:. The new state fought the
445:George Diederik P. Prinsloo
357:in the area of present-day
151:George Diederik P. Prinsloo
10:
3176:
3140:Former countries in Africa
1579:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1457:South West Africa campaign
1356:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1321:French Huguenot settlement
390:William Worthington Jordan
381:to what was then southern
372:
216:• Republic collapses
201:William Worthington Jordan
3064:
3041:African National Congress
3030:
2936:
2769:
2494:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
2217:
2208:
2066:
1862:
1832:1992 apartheid referendum
1501:
1446:
1365:
1303:
1276:
1269:
1035:
911:
860:
571:
324:
262:
247:
243:
224:
214:
197:
187:
171:
167:
159:
155:
145:
141:
131:
121:
111:
87:
77:
67:
51:
46:
32:
2487:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2480:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2036:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1994:#RhodesMustFall protests
1593:1960 republic referendum
846:Republic of South Africa
828:Cape Qualified Franchise
458:
424:, prime minister of the
367:German South-West Africa
304:German South-West Africa
234:German South-West Africa
2939:terrorist organisations
2739:National Party of Venda
2022:2019 Johannesburg riots
1635:Constructive engagement
1600:International isolation
1418:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
351:Republic of Lijdensrust
179:Founding of Upingtonia
34:Republic of Lijdensrust
1945:Attack on Kennedy Road
1556:Congress of the People
1147:South African Republic
834:South African Republic
499:G. P. J. Trümpelmann,
342:
18:Republic of Upingtonia
2515:Natal Indian Congress
2235:Afrikaner Broederbond
2089:Afrikaner nationalism
1875:1994 general election
1846:Bophuthatswana crisis
1739:Church Street bombing
1519:Apartheid legislation
1512:1948 general election
1432:South Africa Act 1909
1227:Union of South Africa
1047:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1027:Political history of
840:Union of South Africa
608:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
340:
88:Common languages
2149:Greater South Africa
1987:2014 platinum strike
1853:Shell House massacre
1781:Transkei coup d'état
1586:Sharpeville massacre
1349:Battle of Blaauwberg
1342:Battle of Muizenberg
1294:Battle of Salt River
1077:Mthethwa Paramountcy
628:Mthethwa Paramountcy
476:A Drink of Dry Land
353:, was a short-lived
39:Republiek Lydensrust
3125:Otjozondjupa Region
3097: /
3048:Democratic Alliance
2218:Civic and political
2082:Afrikaner Calvinism
2075:African nationalism
1924:African Renaissance
1614:UNSC Resolution 591
1535:Internal resistance
1436:National Convention
1404:Transvaal Civil War
1328:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1211:Orange River Colony
684:Orange River Colony
1788:Ciskei coup d'état
1607:UN Resolution 1761
1572:Women's March 1956
1425:South African Wars
1411:Mineral Revolution
931:Lydenburg Republic
864:Current government
343:
3101:19.567°S 18.117°E
3080:
3079:
3033:political parties
3026:
3025:
3003:Orde van die Dood
2613:Progressive Party
2319:Congress Alliance
2135:Cape Independence
2067:Political culture
2062:
2061:
2029:COVID-19 pandemic
1959:Marikana massacre
1795:Venda coup d'état
1549:Defiance Campaign
1139:Orange Free State
1069:Dutch Cape Colony
994:
993:
946:Orange Free State
871:
870:
855:
854:
708:Orange Free State
666:Dutch Cape Colony
349:, officially the
334:
333:
320:
319:
316:
315:
296:
295:
147:• 1885–1887
103:
96:
41:
16:(Redirected from
3167:
3135:Former republics
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2937:Paramilitary and
2929:
2927:Umkosi Wezintaba
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2772:social movements
2770:Trade unions and
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2284:Boerestaat Party
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2215:
2214:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2055:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1774:Dakar Conference
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1695:Israeli alliance
1690:
1683:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1649:Sporting boycott
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1621:Academic boycott
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1478:Great Depression
1473:
1466:
1464:Maritz rebellion
1459:
1439:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1314:Dutch settlement
1296:
1289:
1287:Bantu migrations
1274:
1273:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1219:Transvaal Colony
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1187:Nieuwe Republiek
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1123:Natalia Republic
1118:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1092:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1087:
1085:
1082:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
997:
976:Utrecht Republic
941:Nieuwe Republiek
936:Natalia Republic
898:
891:
884:
875:
874:
738:Nieuwe Republiek
702:Natalia Republic
690:Transvaal Colony
649:
646:
641:Ndwandwe Kingdom
636:
633:
623:
620:
616:
613:
574:
573:
560:
553:
546:
537:
536:
530:
523:
517:
510:
504:
497:
491:
485:
479:
472:
312:
311:
300:
299:
287:
286:
280:
279:
264:
263:
231:
178:
101:
94:
58:
37:
30:
29:
21:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3115:
3114:
3106:-19.567; 18.117
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2431:HNP (Herstigte)
2429:
2424:HNP (Herenigde)
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2242:Afrikaner Party
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2156:Honorary whites
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2058:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1917:Soweto bombings
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1718:Soweto Uprising
1716:
1709:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1642:Tar Baby Option
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:Freedom Charter
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1442:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1163:Griqualand West
1161:
1155:Griqualand East
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1031:
1025:
995:
990:
907:
902:
872:
867:
856:
851:
821:
755:
720:Griqualand West
714:Griqualand East
695:
659:
647:
634:
621:
614:
567:
564:
534:
533:
524:
520:
511:
507:
498:
494:
487:Ute Dieckmann,
486:
482:
473:
466:
461:
453:Nehale Mpingana
422:Thomas Upington
404:in the west to
375:
344:
309:
284:
236:
217:
207:
205:Nehale Mpingana
190:
183:October 20 1885
180:
148:
104:
97:
63:
60:
59:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Boer Republics
3127:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2996:Ossewabrandwag
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2732:Unionist Party
2728:
2721:
2714:
2711:Torch Commando
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2585:Orde Boerevolk
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2361:DP (1989–2000)
2357:
2354:DP (1973–1977)
2350:
2347:Dominion Party
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2228:Afrikaner Bond
2223:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2142:Day of the Vow
2138:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1910:Floor crossing
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1825:Bisho massacre
1821:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1767:Operation Vula
1763:
1760:Rubicon speech
1756:
1753:Langa massacre
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1471:Rand Rebellion
1467:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1397:Boer Republics
1393:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1243:Bophuthatswana
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1203:Klein Vrystaat
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1088:
1073:
1065:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
926:Klein Vrystaat
923:
918:
912:
909:
908:
905:Boer republics
901:
900:
893:
886:
878:
869:
868:
861:
858:
857:
853:
852:
850:
849:
848:(1961–present)
843:
837:
831:
824:
822:
820:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
786:Bophuthatswana
783:
777:
771:
765:
758:
756:
754:
753:
750:Klein Vrystaat
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
698:
696:
694:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
662:
660:
658:
657:
651:
638:
625:
604:
601:
600:
595:
590:
588:Boer Republics
585:
580:
572:
569:
568:
563:
562:
555:
548:
540:
532:
531:
529:(2012), p. 445
518:
516:(2007), p. 191
505:
492:
480:
478:(2006), p. 174
463:
462:
460:
457:
443:was President
432:from southern
374:
371:
335:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
306:
297:
294:
293:
288:
276:
275:
270:
260:
259:
252:Pound sterling
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:Dutch Reformed
113:
109:
108:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
49:
48:
44:
43:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3172:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:Die Spoorbund
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:Workers Party
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:Radio Freedom
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:Oranjewerkers
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:organisations
2216:
2213:
2211:organisations
2207:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:Tshwane riots
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:Project Coast
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:Mafeje affair
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:Durban Moment
1678:
1675:
1674:Rivonia Trial
1671:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:Disinvestment
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:1820 Settlers
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
951:Potchefstroom
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Graaff-Reinet
914:
913:
910:
906:
899:
894:
892:
887:
885:
880:
879:
876:
866:
865:
859:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
823:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
759:
757:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
699:
697:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
661:
655:
652:
642:
639:
629:
626:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
570:
561:
556:
554:
549:
547:
542:
541:
538:
528:
522:
515:
509:
502:
496:
490:
484:
477:
471:
469:
464:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:head of state
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
414:
413:Dorsland Trek
409:
407:
406:Fischer's Pan
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Boer republic
352:
348:
339:
330:
327:
325:Today part of
323:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:Ovambo people
289:
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
230:
223:
219:
213:
209:
206:
202:
196:
192:
186:
182:
177:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
100:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
72:Boer Republic
70:
66:
57:
50:
45:
40:
31:
19:
3082:
3071:
3031:Histories of
2725:United Party
2634:Reform Party
2571:Orangia Unie
2196:
2187:
2180:Swart gevaar
2178:
2162:
2118:
2109:
2050:
1952:Blikkiesdorp
1278:Pre-colonial
1194:
1131:Natal Colony
1115:Zulu Kingdom
1029:South Africa
986:Zoutpansberg
970:
863:
743:
678:Natal Colony
654:Zulu Kingdom
526:
521:
513:
508:
500:
495:
488:
483:
475:
438:
417:Grootfontein
410:
387:
376:
362:
350:
346:
345:
273:Succeeded by
272:
267:
232:Merged into
82:Grootfontein
38:
3104: /
2164:Rooi gevaar
2043:2021 unrest
1973:Nkandlagate
1802:Third Force
1663:Rugby union
1261:(1981–1994)
1253:(1979–1994)
1245:(1977–1994)
1237:(1976–1994)
1229:(1910–1961)
1221:(1902–1910)
1213:(1902–1910)
1205:(1886–1891)
1197:(1885–1887)
1189:(1884–1888)
1181:(1882–1885)
1173:(1882–1883)
1165:(1870–1873)
1157:(1861–1879)
1149:(1856–1902)
1141:(1854–1902)
1133:(1843–1910)
1125:(1839–1843)
1117:(1816–1897)
1109:(1795–1910)
1107:Cape Colony
1099: 1780
1084: 1780
1071:(1652–1806)
1061: 1220
1054: 1075
836:(1856–1902)
830:(1853–1910)
710:(1854–1902)
680:(1843–1910)
674:(1795–1910)
672:Cape Colony
668:(1652–1806)
648: 1780
635: 1780
622: 1220
615: 1075
426:Cape Colony
347:Lijdensrust
268:Preceded by
3119:Categories
2982:Greyshirts
2746:Volksparty
2277:Black Sash
1938:Xenophobia
1931:Travelgate
1688:Border War
1492:Bantustans
1390:Great Trek
1335:Xhosa Wars
1195:Upingtonia
1179:Stellaland
971:Upingtonia
961:Swellendam
956:Stellaland
810:KwaNdebele
744:Upingtonia
732:Stellaland
593:Bantustans
363:Upingtonia
203:killed by
122:Government
2198:Volkstaat
2189:Uitlander
2120:Boerehaat
2096:Anarchism
1903:Arms Deal
1866:apartheid
1526:Pass laws
1503:Apartheid
1448:1910–1948
1367:1815–1910
1305:1652–1815
966:Transvaal
842:(1910–61)
818:(1981–94)
812:(1981–94)
806:(1981–94)
800:(1981–94)
794:(1979–94)
788:(1977–94)
782:(1976–94)
776:(1974–94)
770:(1972–94)
764:(1971–94)
762:Gazankulu
752:(1886–91)
746:(1885–87)
740:(1884–88)
734:(1882–85)
728:(1882–83)
722:(1870–73)
716:(1861–79)
704:(1839–43)
692:(1902–10)
686:(1902–10)
656:(1816–97)
430:Transvaal
402:Okaukuejo
388:In 1885,
379:Transvaal
239:June 1887
133:President
112:Religion
99:Afrikaans
95:(written)
47:1885–1887
3073:Category
2975:Boeremag
2466:Jeugkrag
2417:Het Volk
2111:Baasskap
2053:incident
1656:Olympics
1235:Transkei
1038:polities
1036:Defunct
804:KaNgwane
780:Transkei
598:National
583:Colonies
578:Kingdoms
248:Currency
126:Republic
102:(spoken)
3089:19°34′S
2878:SAAPAWU
2209:Defunct
2172:Slavery
1376:Mfecane
981:Winburg
816:KwaZulu
373:History
359:Namibia
329:Namibia
226:•
199:•
173:•
160:History
78:Capital
3092:18°7′E
2829:FOSATU
2676:SAYRCO
2648:SADECO
2564:Occupy
2103:Azania
2051:Lady R
1980:Racism
1809:CODESA
1270:Events
1259:Ciskei
1171:Goshen
1101:–1819)
1086:–1817)
921:Goshen
798:Ciskei
774:QwaQwa
768:Lebowa
726:Goshen
650:–1819)
637:–1817)
503:(1948)
449:Herero
434:Angola
398:pounds
394:Ovambo
383:Angola
163:
137:
106:German
68:Status
3010:PAGAD
2906:SATUC
2899:SARHU
2885:SACTU
2864:NURHS
2822:FNETU
2808:CTSWU
2801:CNETU
2794:BLATU
2669:SAYCO
2557:NUSAS
2438:IDASA
2249:AITUP
1864:Post-
1251:Venda
792:Venda
459:Notes
92:Dutch
3017:SANF
2947:APLA
2892:SAIF
2871:PAWE
2857:NEUM
2850:MUSA
2815:FCWU
2760:WOSA
2704:TNIP
2662:SASO
2655:SAIC
2641:SABP
2592:PAVN
2326:COSG
2305:CTEG
2298:CNIP
220:1886
210:1886
193:1886
62:Flag
2968:BBB
2961:AWB
2954:ARM
2920:UDF
2843:IWW
2836:ICU
2787:BCM
2780:APF
2718:UFP
2620:PRP
2599:PFP
2550:NRP
2543:NPP
2529:NNP
2522:NLP
2508:NCP
2459:ISL
2410:GNP
2382:ECC
2375:DSM
2368:DPP
2340:DLF
2312:COD
2291:CDA
2270:BPC
2263:AVF
2256:APO
3121::
2989:MK
2536:NP
2501:NA
2452:IP
2445:ID
2396:FD
2389:FA
2333:CP
1096:c.
1081:c.
1058:c.
1051:c.
645:c.
632:c.
619:c.
612:c.
467:^
369:.
1438:)
1434:(
1094:(
1079:(
1063:)
1056:–
1049:(
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
897:e
890:t
883:v
643:(
630:(
624:)
617:–
610:(
559:e
552:t
545:v
258:)
256:£
254:(
20:)
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