821:
went off to the army, she said, "God will protect you." I smiled politely. She added, "I know you don't believe in God, but he will protect you anyway." I know many sophisticated and highly intelligent people who are practicing
Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Mormons, Hindus, Buddhists, etc., feel strongly that religion, or lack of it, is a highly personal matter. My own attitude is like Lagrange's. One day, he was asked by Napoleon whether he believed in God. "Sire," he said, "I have no need of that hypothesis."
1132:
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751:
intellectual giants who believed in God, but if asked, he would say that each person had to make their own choice. Statements such as "By the State of New York and God ..." struck him as ludicrous. From his childhood he recalled a particularly unpleasant scene between his parents just before they sent him to the store. He ran down the street saying over and over again, "I wish there was a God, I wish there was a God."
2901:
42:
820:
Naturally, I was raised as an atheist. This was quite easy since the only one in the family that had any religion was my grandmother, and she was of German stock. Although she believed in God, and went to the synagogue on the high holy days, there was no nonsense about ritual. I well remember when I
531:
associated with adding extra dimensions to a (mathematical) space. One implication of the curse of dimensionality is that some methods for numerical solution of the
Bellman equation require vastly more computer time when there are more state variables in the value function. For example, 100 evenly
750:
He was raised by his father to be a religious skeptic. He was taken to a different church every week to observe different ceremonies. He was struck by the contrast between the ideals of various religions and the history of cruelty and hypocrisy done in God's name. He was well aware of the
540:
with a lattice with a spacing of 0.01 between adjacent points would require 10 sample points: thus, in some sense, the 10-dimensional hypercube can be said to be a factor of 10 "larger" than the unit interval. (Adapted from an example by R. E. Bellman, see below.)
573:
Over the course of his career he published 619 papers and 39 books. During the last 11 years of his life he published over 100 papers despite suffering from crippling complications of brain surgery (Dreyfus, 2003). A selection:
384:
Later in life, Richard
Bellman's interests began to emphasize biology and medicine, which he identified as "the frontiers of contemporary science". In 1967, he became founding editor of the journal
2987:
1222:
1417:
1752:
3017:
2982:
1215:
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in 1979, "for contributions to decision processes and control system theory, particularly the creation and application of dynamic programming". His key work is the
2090:
2170:
1410:
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2050:
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Bellman was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 1973, which was removed but resulted in complications that left him severely disabled. He was a professor at the
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in 1953, and made important contributions in other fields of mathematics, such as biomathematics. He founded the leading biomathematical journal
794:
2997:
3027:
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317:
to non-practising Jewish parents of Polish and
Russian descent, Pearl (née Saffian) and John James Bellman, who ran a small grocery store on
489:
which was pioneered in the 1950s by
Richard Bellman and coworkers. The corresponding discrete-time equation is usually referred to as the
2290:
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391:
198:
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RAND Corp. Report 1953 (Based on unpublished researches from 1949. It contained the first statement of the principle of optimality)
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964:
864:
402:
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1171:
390:, which rapidly became (and remains) one of the most important journals in the field of Mathematical Biology. In 1985, the
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110:
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can also be solved by analyzing the appropriate
Bellman equation. The Bellman equation was first applied to engineering
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991:
806:
743:
398:
232:
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910:
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theory. The solution of the HJB equation is the 'value function', which gives the optimal cost-to-go for a given
406:
17:
2831:
362:
142:
2836:
2283:
1979:
1761:
1180:
711:
470:
184:
2226:
1939:
1166:
Harold J. Kushner's speech on
Richard Bellman, when accepting the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
553:, also sometimes referred to as the Label Correcting Algorithm, computes single-source shortest paths in a
498:
2098:
1027:
768:
441:, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as
170:
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accomplishes the same problem with a lower running time, but requires edge weights to be non-negative.
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is an expression coined by
Bellman to describe the problem caused by the exponential increase in
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85:
66:
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983:
Dynamic
Optimization: The Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control in Economics and Management
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1995:
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with no more than 0.01 distance between points; an equivalent sampling of a 10-dimensional
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8:
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and to other topics in applied mathematics, and subsequently became an important tool in
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was created in his honor, being awarded biannually to the journal's best research paper.
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2018:
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370:
264:
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On the
Boundedness of Solutions of Non-Linear Differential and Difference Equations
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2014:
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554:
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can be solved using this method as well. The equation is a result of the theory of
481:
with an associated cost function. Classical variational problems, for example, the
478:
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417:
374:
342:
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259:
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154:
100:
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1935:
1907:
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1371:
1359:
954:
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from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
493:. In continuous time, the result can be seen as an extension of earlier work in
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1987:
1823:
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1527:
1515:
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1353:
1305:
537:
450:
346:
222:
114:
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2800:
2715:
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2194:
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1947:
1891:
1883:
1859:
1835:
1569:
1347:
533:
314:
1176:
707:
2780:
2680:
2605:
2038:
1955:
1915:
1875:
1867:
1676:
1383:
1311:
1251:
921:
354:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2690:
2430:
2317:
1700:
334:
218:
41:
2785:
2640:
2026:
1963:
1819:
1682:
1299:
1275:
1200:
736:
The Bellman Continuum: A Collection of the Works of Richard E. Bellman
2450:
2337:
1563:
1329:
549:
Though discovering the algorithm after Ford he is referred to in the
2110:
2268:
1425:
722:
409:(1977), and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1983).
326:
2307:
1067:
677:
Perturbation Techniques in Mathematics, Engineering and Physics
528:
247:
2988:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
610:
Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Control Processes
1150:
917:
586:
Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Differential Equations
124:
289:(August 26, 1920 – March 19, 1984) was an American
986:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 259–263.
769:
Richard Bellman profile at http://www-math.cudenver.edu
622:
Dynamic Programming and Partial Differential Equations
373:. Beginning in 1949, Bellman worked for many years at
1075:"Richard Bellman on the Birth of Dynamic Programming"
886:"NAE Members Directory – Dr. Richard Bellman profile"
3018:
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
2983:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1127:
845:
An introduction to the theory of dynamic programming
628:
Mathematical Aspects of Scheduling and Applications
460:
1097:International Transactions in Operational Research
1008:
801:. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 7.
1760:
945:
303:Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
2919:
377:, and it was during this time that he developed
1147:"IEEE Global History Network – Richard Bellman"
1081:. Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan–Feb 2002, pp. 48–51.
1006:
792:
781:Bellman biodata at history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk
727:
445:. Almost any problem which can be solved using
980:Kamien, Morton I.; Schwartz, Nancy L. (1991).
979:
733:
3023:Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni
2284:
1746:
1411:
1216:
2291:
2277:
1753:
1739:
1418:
1404:
1223:
1209:
1030:Stability theory of differential equations
683:Stability Theory of Differential Equations
512:
40:
3013:University of Southern California faculty
2958:American people of Russian-Jewish descent
1430:Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
1088:from the MacTutor History of Mathematics.
1084:J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson (2005).
1047:
1011:Adaptive control processes: a guided tour
598:Adaptive Control Processes: A Guided Tour
544:
532:spaced sample points suffice to sample a
392:Bellman Prize in Mathematical Biosciences
199:Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
2953:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
1112:Dynamic Programming and Feedback Control
1025:
659:Modern Elementary Differential Equations
1230:
858:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"
646:Eye of the Hurricane: An Autobiography,
14:
3008:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
2920:
1068:Eye of the Hurricane: An Autobiography
763:
761:
759:
703:
701:
699:
2998:John von Neumann Theory Prize winners
2272:
1734:
1399:
1204:
865:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
403:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
331:Abraham Lincoln High School, Brooklyn
3028:Mathematicians from New York (state)
2938:20th-century American mathematicians
2900:
1168:(click on "2004: Harold J. Kushner")
365:. In 1946, he received his Ph.D. at
325:. On his religious views, he was an
2842:Systems theory in political science
2298:
878:
850:
756:
696:
428:
24:
1099:. Vol 10, no. 5, pp. 543–545.
1060:
716:
163:Bellman's lost in a forest problem
25:
3039:
1123:
399:University of Southern California
233:University of Southern California
2899:
2887:
2876:
2875:
1130:
911:"IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients"
634:Mathematical Methods in Medicine
616:Algorithms, Graphs and Computers
467:Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
461:Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
175:Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
2968:American applied mathematicians
1049:10.1090/s0002-9904-1954-09830-0
1019:
1000:
973:
939:
903:
738:. World Scientific. p. 4.
665:Introduction to Matrix Analysis
592:An Introduction to Inequalities
568:
407:National Academy of Engineering
2993:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
2832:Systems theory in anthropology
956:Recursive Macroeconomic Theory
837:
826:
786:
774:
640:Partial Differential Equations
143:Stochastic dynamic programming
13:
1:
2837:Systems theory in archaeology
1762:John von Neumann Theory Prize
1181:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1015:. Princeton University Press.
833:Mathematics Genealogy Project
795:"Growing Up in New York City"
793:Richard Bellman (June 1984).
712:Mathematics Genealogy Project
689:
471:partial differential equation
185:John von Neumann Theory Prize
1195:Biography of Richard Bellman
1086:Biography of Richard Bellman
783:; retrieved August 10, 2013.
771:; retrieved October 3, 2008.
734:Robert S. Roth, ed. (1986).
648:World Scientific Publishing.
439:dynamic programming equation
345:in 1941. He later earned an
313:Bellman was born in 1920 in
308:
7:
3003:Princeton University alumni
1109:Bellman, R.E, Kalaba, R.E,
1103:
959:(3rd ed.). MIT Press.
723:Richard Bellman's Biography
604:Applied Dynamic Programming
171:Grönwall–Bellman inequality
167:Bellman–Held–Karp algorithm
10:
3044:
516:
2871:
2850:
2824:
2536:
2469:
2421:
2412:
2376:
2333:Coupled human–environment
2306:
2007:
1768:
1579:
1436:
1238:
1066:Bellman, Richard (1984).
561:weights may be negative.
369:under the supervision of
280:
270:
258:
246:
228:
214:
207:
180:
134:
93:
74:
48:
39:
32:
2943:Jewish American atheists
1093:"Richard Ernest Bellman"
1007:Richard Bellman (1961).
507:Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
499:Hamilton–Jacobi equation
405:(1975), a member of the
387:Mathematical Biosciences
299:Mathematical Biosciences
2978:American game theorists
2963:Brooklyn College alumni
2666:Charles A. S. Hall
1073:Stuart Dreyfus (2002).
685:(originally publ. 1953)
653:Artificial Intelligence
525:curse of dimensionality
519:Curse of dimensionality
513:Curse of dimensionality
483:brachistochrone problem
423:
351:University of Wisconsin
323:Prospect Park, Brooklyn
147:Curse of dimensionality
111:University of Wisconsin
86:Los Angeles, California
67:New York City, New York
2586:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
2251:Christos Papadimitriou
2091:Arthur F. Veinott, Jr.
1996:R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
1138:Systems science portal
1091:Stuart Dreyfus (2003)
551:Bellman–Ford algorithm
545:Bellman–Ford algorithm
503:William Rowan Hamilton
447:optimal control theory
287:Richard Ernest Bellman
159:Bellman–Ford algorithm
53:Richard Ernest Bellman
34:Richard Ernest Bellman
27:American mathematician
2863:Principia Cybernetica
2576:Anthony Stafford Beer
2446:Sociotechnical system
2171:Jean Bernard Lasserre
1036:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
333:in 1937, and studied
291:applied mathematician
151:Linear search problem
2726:Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
2701:Edward Norton Lorenz
2656:Jay Wright Forrester
2461:World-systems theory
2436:Earth system science
1456:Charles Stark Draper
1450:Nathaniel B. Nichols
1282:Nicolaas Bloembergen
799:Eye Of The Hurricane
563:Dijkstra's algorithm
473:which is central to
367:Princeton University
121:Princeton University
2601:Kenneth E. Boulding
2083:Alexander Schrijver
2059:J. Michael Harrison
1641:Dragoslav D. Ĺ iljak
1599:Kumpati S. Narendra
1366:George H. Heilmeier
1232:IEEE Medal of Honor
1079:Operations Research
1070:, World Scientific.
767:Salvador Sanabria.
671:Dynamic Programming
580:Dynamic Programming
487:dynamic programming
443:dynamic programming
414:IEEE Medal of Honor
412:He was awarded the
379:dynamic programming
359:Theoretical Physics
295:dynamic programming
275:Christine Shoemaker
241:Stanford University
192:IEEE Medal of Honor
139:Dynamic programming
2731:James Grier Miller
2686:Faina M. Kirillova
2646:Heinz von Foerster
2636:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2596:Alexander Bogdanov
2581:Richard E. Bellman
2556:William Ross Ashby
2255:Mihalis Yannakakis
2215:Dimitris Bertsimas
2035:Donald L. Iglehart
2019:Manfred W. Padberg
1689:Masayoshi Tomizuka
1593:Petar V. Kokotovic
1587:A. V. Balakrishnan
1474:Richard E. Bellman
1324:Robert G. Gallager
1177:Richard E. Bellman
951:Sargent, Thomas J.
708:Richard E. Bellman
557:where some of the
437:, also known as a
401:, a Fellow in the
361:Division group in
357:, he worked for a
341:where he earned a
2973:Control theorists
2948:American atheists
2915:
2914:
2796:Manuela M. Veloso
2711:Humberto Maturana
2651:Stephanie Forrest
2621:C. West Churchman
2546:Russell L. Ackoff
2532:
2531:
2404:Positive feedback
2399:Negative feedback
2266:
2265:
2259:
2247:
2239:
2235:Alexander Shapiro
2231:
2223:
2211:
2203:Dimitri Bertsekas
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2135:
2131:Gérard Cornuéjols
2127:
2115:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:Arkadi Nemirovski
2043:
2031:
2023:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1972:Peter C. Fishburn
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1932:
1924:Richard E. Barlow
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1852:Richard J. Duffin
1848:William W. Cooper
1840:
1832:
1816:
1808:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1728:
1727:
1665:Dimitri Bertsekas
1605:Harold J. Kushner
1504:Roger W. Brockett
1468:John V. Breakwell
1444:Hendrik Wade Bode
1393:
1392:
1378:Charles Concordia
1342:Karl Johan Åström
1336:Amos E. Joel, Jr.
1294:John Roy Whinnery
1270:Sidney Darlington
1026:Haas, F. (1954).
966:978-0-262-31202-8
495:classical physics
371:Solomon Lefschetz
301:, as well as the
293:, who introduced
284:
283:
271:Doctoral students
265:Solomon Lefschetz
209:Scientific career
203:
189:
16:(Redirected from
3035:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2879:
2878:
2791:Francisco Varela
2523:Systems thinking
2456:Urban metabolism
2419:
2418:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2183:Ruth J. Williams
2179:Martin I. Reiman
2173:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2139:George Nemhauser
2133:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2075:Martin Grötschel
2069:
2061:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2021:
2015:Ellis L. Johnson
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1900:Herbert A. Simon
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1838:
1830:
1828:Albert W. Tucker
1814:
1806:
1804:Carlton E. Lemke
1794:
1786:
1778:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1659:A. Stephen Morse
1653:Arthur J. Krener
1623:Sanjoy K. Mitter
1611:Gene F. Franklin
1552:Rudolf E. Kalman
1546:Elmer G. Gilbert
1534:Jose B. Cruz Jr.
1510:Arthur E. Bryson
1462:Irving Lefkowitz
1420:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1264:William Shockley
1246:H. Earle Vaughan
1225:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1188:in the database
1162:
1160:
1158:
1153:. 14 August 2017
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1117:RAND Corporation
1054:
1053:
1051:
1032:, by R. Bellman"
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1004:
998:
997:
977:
971:
970:
947:Ljungqvist, Lars
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
927:on June 19, 2010
926:
920:. Archived from
915:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
882:
876:
875:
873:
871:
862:
854:
848:
841:
835:
830:
824:
823:
817:
815:
790:
784:
778:
772:
765:
754:
753:
731:
725:
720:
714:
705:
555:weighted digraph
491:Bellman equation
479:dynamical system
435:Bellman equation
429:Bellman equation
418:Bellman equation
375:RAND corporation
339:Brooklyn College
260:Doctoral advisor
237:Rand Corporation
201:
196:
187:
155:Bellman equation
101:Brooklyn College
81:
62:
60:
44:
30:
29:
21:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2867:
2846:
2820:
2761:Anatol Rapoport
2746:Talcott Parsons
2721:Donella Meadows
2696:Allenna Leonard
2616:Mary Cartwright
2611:Kathleen Carley
2571:Gregory Bateson
2566:Béla H. Bánáthy
2528:
2465:
2414:
2408:
2394:Limiting factor
2389:Leverage points
2372:
2310:
2302:
2300:Systems science
2297:
2267:
2262:
2207:John Tsitsiklis
2191:Donald Goldfarb
2151:Michel Balinski
2143:Laurence Wolsey
2051:Michael J. Todd
2003:
1936:Alan J. Hoffman
1908:Harry Markowitz
1844:Abraham Charnes
1812:David Blackwell
1792:Felix Pollaczek
1784:Richard Bellman
1764:
1759:
1729:
1724:
1719:Stephen P. Boyd
1707:Miroslav Krstić
1677:Jason L. Speyer
1671:Thomas F. Edgar
1635:George Leitmann
1575:
1522:Rutherford Aris
1498:Walter R. Evans
1480:Harold Chestnut
1432:
1424:
1394:
1389:
1372:Donald Pederson
1360:Robert Metcalfe
1258:Richard Bellman
1234:
1229:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:, P-1778, 1959.
1106:
1063:
1061:Further reading
1058:
1057:
1024:
1020:
1005:
1001:
994:
978:
974:
967:
944:
940:
930:
928:
924:
913:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
884:
883:
879:
869:
867:
860:
856:
855:
851:
842:
838:
831:
827:
813:
811:
809:
791:
787:
779:
775:
766:
757:
746:
732:
728:
721:
717:
706:
697:
692:
571:
547:
521:
515:
475:optimal control
463:
455:economic theory
431:
426:
311:
239:
235:
197:
194:
190:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
130:
94:Alma mater
89:
83:
79:
70:
64:
63:August 26, 1920
58:
56:
55:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Richard Bellman
15:
12:
11:
5:
3041:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2816:Anthony Wilden
2813:
2811:Jennifer Wilby
2808:
2806:Norbert Wiener
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Claude Shannon
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Ilya Prigogine
2748:
2743:
2741:Howard T. Odum
2738:
2736:Radhika Nagpal
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Niklas Luhmann
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:George Dantzig
2628:
2626:Manfred Clynes
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Margaret Boden
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Victor Aladjev
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Living systems
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:Control theory
2422:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2243:Vijay Vazirani
2240:
2232:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2159:Nimrod Megiddo
2156:
2148:
2136:
2128:
2123:Peter W. Glynn
2119:Søren Asmussen
2116:
2107:Yurii Nesterov
2104:
2096:
2088:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2024:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1988:Fred W. Glover
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1933:
1928:Frank Proschan
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1841:
1833:
1824:Harold W. Kuhn
1817:
1809:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1776:George Dantzig
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1713:Eduardo Sontag
1710:
1704:
1698:
1695:Irena Lasiecka
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1647:Manfred Morari
1644:
1638:
1632:
1629:Pravin Varaiya
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1558:Lotfi A. Zadeh
1555:
1549:
1543:
1540:Michael Athans
1537:
1531:
1528:Eliahu I. Jury
1525:
1519:
1516:John G. Truxal
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1492:John C. Lozier
1489:
1486:John Zaborszky
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1354:Lotfi A. Zadeh
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1318:C. Kumar Patel
1315:
1309:
1306:Paul Lauterbur
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1186:Author profile
1183:
1174:
1172:IEEE biography
1169:
1163:
1142:
1141:
1125:
1124:External links
1122:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1082:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1042:(4): 400–401.
1018:
999:
992:
972:
965:
938:
902:
877:
849:
836:
825:
807:
785:
773:
755:
744:
726:
715:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
570:
567:
546:
543:
538:unit hypercube
517:Main article:
514:
511:
462:
459:
451:control theory
430:
427:
425:
422:
329:. He attended
310:
307:
282:
281:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:
262:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
230:
226:
225:
223:Control theory
216:
212:
211:
205:
204:
182:
178:
177:
136:
135:Known for
132:
131:
129:
128:
118:
108:
97:
95:
91:
90:
84:
82:(aged 63)
78:March 19, 1984
76:
72:
71:
65:
52:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3040:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:Organizations
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Kevin Warwick
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Margaret Mead
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Lydia Kavraki
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Barbara Grosz
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Ruzena Bajcsy
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Doubling time
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2219:Jong-Shi Pang
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2195:Jorge Nocedal
2192:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2167:Vašek Chvátal
2165:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2079:László Lovász
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:Robert Aumann
2065:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1980:Peter Whittle
1978:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1948:Robert Herman
1946:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1892:Samuel Karlin
1890:
1885:
1884:Kenneth Arrow
1882:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1860:Herbert Scarf
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1836:Lloyd Shapley
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:John S. Baras
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1570:W. Harmon Ray
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:Alfred Y. Cho
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:Norman Ramsey
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1128:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1003:
995:
993:9780486488561
989:
985:
984:
976:
968:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
942:
923:
919:
912:
906:
891:
887:
881:
866:
859:
853:
846:
840:
834:
829:
822:
810:
808:9789814635707
804:
800:
796:
789:
782:
777:
770:
764:
762:
760:
752:
747:
745:9789971500900
741:
737:
730:
724:
719:
713:
709:
704:
702:
700:
695:
684:
680:
678:
674:
672:
668:
666:
662:
660:
656:
654:
650:
647:
643:
641:
637:
635:
631:
629:
625:
623:
619:
617:
613:
611:
607:
605:
601:
599:
595:
593:
589:
587:
583:
581:
577:
576:
575:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
542:
539:
535:
534:unit interval
530:
526:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
388:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Bergen Street
316:
315:New York City
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
261:
257:
254:
251:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
200:
193:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
87:
77:
73:
68:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2825:Applications
2781:Katia Sycara
2681:James J. Kay
2671:Mike Jackson
2606:Murray Bowen
2580:
2504:Pharmacology
2499:Neuroscience
2227:Adrian Lewis
2039:Cyrus Derman
2008:2000–present
1956:Lajos Takacs
1940:Philip Wolfe
1916:Richard Karp
1876:Jack Edmonds
1868:Ralph Gomory
1800:John F. Nash
1580:2001–present
1473:
1384:Andrew Grove
1312:Calvin Quate
1257:
1252:Robert Noyce
1155:. Retrieved
1111:
1096:
1078:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1010:
1002:
982:
975:
955:
941:
929:. Retrieved
922:the original
905:
893:. Retrieved
880:
868:. Retrieved
852:
844:
839:
828:
819:
812:. Retrieved
798:
788:
776:
749:
735:
729:
718:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
572:
569:Publications
548:
524:
522:
464:
438:
432:
411:
396:
385:
383:
355:World War II
312:
286:
285:
252:
229:Institutions
208:
80:(1984-03-19)
2933:1984 deaths
2928:1920 births
2771:Peter Senge
2766:John Seddon
2756:Qian Xuesen
2691:George Klir
2494:Engineering
2431:Cybernetics
2413:Theoretical
2363:Recommender
2353:Multi-agent
2348:Information
2099:Frank Kelly
1701:Galip Ulsoy
1617:Tamer BaĹźar
843:Bellman R:
469:(HJB) is a
335:mathematics
219:Mathematics
2922:Categories
2786:Eric Trist
2641:Fred Emery
2538:Scientists
2514:Psychology
2509:Philosophy
2338:Ecological
2323:Biological
2027:Ward Whitt
1964:Egon Balas
1820:David Gale
1300:Jack Kilby
1276:John Tukey
690:References
363:Los Alamos
59:1920-08-26
2451:Systemics
1769:1975–1999
1564:Yu-Chi Ho
1437:1979–2000
1330:Leo Esaki
1239:1976–2000
1028:"Review:
353:. During
349:from the
309:Biography
2882:Category
2484:Dynamics
2474:Analysis
2377:Concepts
2343:Economic
2111:Yinyu Ye
1157:April 6,
1104:Articles
953:(2012).
931:April 6,
895:April 6,
870:April 6,
2906:Commons
2489:Ecology
2479:Biology
2358:Nervous
2328:Complex
1179:at the
710:at the
497:on the
327:atheist
2894:Portal
2519:Theory
2415:fields
2368:Social
2308:System
2258:(2023)
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1190:zbMATH
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626:1982.
620:1972.
614:1970.
608:1967.
602:1962.
596:1961.
590:1961.
584:1959.
578:1957.
529:volume
248:Thesis
215:Fields
202:(1984)
195:(1979)
188:(1976)
181:Awards
88:, U.S.
69:, U.S.
2311:types
925:(PDF)
914:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
321:near
2858:List
1427:AACC
1159:2011
1151:IEEE
988:ISBN
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933:2011
918:IEEE
897:2011
872:2011
816:2021
803:ISBN
740:ISBN
559:edge
523:The
505:and
465:The
424:Work
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