Richard Pearse - Knowledge

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these students stopped attending School in the months leading up to April 1903. Another group who watched the event from high ground were William Charles Bedford, his wife Mary, and her sister-in-law Mrs. Louise Johnson. William Bedford sold his farm in Waitohi in December 1903, and went to live in Apsley, Darfield, where he resided for the rest of his life. Mrs. Louise Johnson was one of the most alert witnesses with respect to how the plane behaved in the air. She recollected to interviewer George Bolt that the take off occurred long before she moved away from Waitohi in May 1904. With this and other evidence, Pearse historians generally agree that this take off likely occurred on 31 March 1903, with a less likely year of 1902, and could not have occurred in 1904. This is the only flight experiment witnessed by multiple people.

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1976, she said: "I can remember it lifting up and coming down, and veering towards the road where there was a gorse fence, and landed on the gorse fence. And that gorse fence and the plane stuck in my mind, always!" Daisy didn't think he'd hurt himself but had landed with the cushion effect of the gorse hedge. When asked if there were a lot of people watching him, Daisy replied: "There was no one watching him! Well there was those girls up at the hill like, but, down, when you come down near the homestead, his own little cottage, on the right hand side, over, there was just himself and his plane. But I can remember there might have been somebody on the road, but I never saw anyone ." In a letter to Geoff Rodliffe dated 5 September 1976, Clifford Crawford, Daisy's brother, said Daisy was certain the event occurred on Tuesday, 31 March 1903.

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about 0.28 miles (450 m) from the school. Casey recalled that Miss Crowley let her students out of school to watch the event. According to Casey's account and estimations, after a short run of about 3 chains (60 m) Pearse's flying machine lifted off from an elevated part of the paddock, rose to about 60 feet (18 m) and, after flying two and a half circuits of the field, perhaps 1.5 miles (2.4 km), landed on the gorse hedge separating the corner paddock from his workshop paddock. He thought the event lasted about ten minutes. In a letter to Geoff Rodliffe, Casey described the flying machine as having a tricycle undercarriage supporting a wing about 5–6 feet (about 1.5–1.8 metres) above ground and provided an accurate drawing showing the points of takeoff and landing.

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10 May 1915, stating that “After Langley’s failure in 1903, I was still of the opinion that aerial navigation was possible, and I started out to solve the problem, about March, 1904. The Wright Brothers started at about the same time.” Pearse also sent a letter to the press on 15 September 1928, stating that “I started my experiments on aerial navigation about February, 1904, with a monoplane which I had designed and constructed.” In writing these words Pearse had been his own worst enemy because George Bolt took Pearse’s remarks about starting his aviation experiments in early 1904 (after the Wright Brothers) at face value and no longer pursued his enquiries with the same degree of enthusiasm.

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thus disregarding Pearse’s 1915 and 1928 statements; and claim that the 1902 to 1903 witnesses are unnamed and did not remember events or dates accurately. This is despite, Gordon Ogilvie's book ‘The Riddle of Richard Pearse’ recording no less than 48 named eyewitness accounts that were able to personally testify to witnessing Pearse's aircraft development and subsequent attempts at powered flight over the period 1902 to 1904. Some were able to date their testimony accurately because of the date that they had moved away from the Waitohi area. These witness testimonies are held in the Walsh Memorial Library in Auckland.

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he could see an odd contraption in Pearse's paddock. Pearse had pushed his bamboo plane out of his shed and after altering the steering, started the engine and taxied for about 50 yards (46 m). The plane then rose up into the air about 10 to 15 feet (3.0–4.6 metres) above ground, flew for about 50 yards (46 m) and crashed into a big gorse fence. "He could not go any higher because he had no more Power the engine was all out and the under carriage and wheels caught in the gorse fence." Martin took off on his bicycle and rode on after his father's chaff cutting plant.

173: 285:, came from Jean Currie, in her 20s at the time. When interviewed by researchers Tom Bradley and Geoff Rodliffe she recalled that quite some time before her family moved from Waitohi Flat to Morven in 1899, her father, Thomas Currie, farmer, and uncle, Alexander McClintock, blacksmith, had walked up to Pearse's workshop one Sunday only to return soon after, saying: "If he gets that contraption in the air he will fall out and kill himself." Though others spoke of Pearse working on his plane at the turn of the century or during the 486:

witnesses provided affidavits describing the plane pitching and wobbling in the air, followed by a final leftward swerve onto the top of a four metre high gorse fence which fronted Pearse's property. Estimates for the distance covered by witnesses vary from 45 metres to 400 metres, with an average of 135 metres. Richard hurt his shoulder during the crash. He was taken to hospital to see if he had broken his collar bone, but it was not, and he returned home the next day. The hospital later burnt down along with the records.

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dray, they and Pearse inspected the ground for half an hour in preparation for another run. The boys then headed Pearse and his flying machine on toward the cliff but after about 1 chain (20 m) they were left behind as the flying machine gathered speed by its own thrust. As the flying machine went over the cliff and into the air, the boys watched it turn and fly up the river up to 0.5 miles (800 m) gradually going downwards. They ran diagonally across the paddock to find a wet Pearse scrambling up the riverbank.

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Joseph Coll on 25 May 1967, Frank Biggs said, "Now regarding the flight, I can remember it pretty clearly it would be late April or early May. Spud digging time. I think Mr. Martin as he witnessed the flight would be correct with his statement." Biggs thought the year to be between 1902 and 1904. Mrs. Ritchie, head teacher at Fairview School since 1894, retired from teaching in April 1906, and presented with gifts from her many friends and well wishers, left the settlement.

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with a device he'd made from a herring in tomato sauce tin cut to form a multi-blade rotor, mounted to a cotton reel base—a string-pull helicopter. Seated on its launcher's peg and placed on a bench, he wound string around the reel and pulled away, whereupon the reel-rotor flew off and out of sight. Friel continued, "That’s how he got the start of that flying business!" Pearse revealed to the

549:(11 April), 1903. He dates the flight as having occurred shortly before the severe snowstorm of 1903—the Big Snow. This was the only snow to fall from 1902 to 1905. Gibson also dates the flight as occurring shortly after his brother Ramsey turned 14 in 1903. After his birthday, Ramsey immediately moved away from Waitohi to work. Ramsey never returned to Waitohi and died in 1908. 682:, a Scientific American Series publication, in 1910. Pearse's handy man's spark plug, having a wire within a central tube, utilised the pressure of the engine's compression stroke to operate a valve, to vibrate the connected terminal wire into contact the central tube's terminal, to produce multiple sparks. 482:

final effort Richard signalled to Warne to pull the propeller to start the engine, while boulders placed in front of the wheels, and volunteers, restrained the plane. After a short time the engine picked up speed. The boulders were then released, and the aircraft was given a push by volunteers.

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In mid-1958 Researcher George Bolt had tentatively concluded that all of his evidence showed that Pearse had conducted a public flight experiment on 31 March 1903 when two newspaper clippings had been found in the Pearse family album. They revealed that Pearse had sent a letter to the press on

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Alexander Amos Martin was sure in his accounts of the flight he had seen. He recalled that he was about 16 and a half years old when he saw one of Pearse's flights. Martin and his father had finished chaff cutting a stack of sheaves on Dick Connell's farm about 2:00 pm. From Upper Waitohi's main road

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The descending upstream flight, as recalled, may be best described as a powered glide, though an engineer's calculation of the Opihi River site in the 1970s, based on local government survey data, plotted it as an "almost level flight" of just 3,300 feet (1,000 m) in length, from a terrace about

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The Plane taxied for a considerable distance, keeping to the centre of the road. Pearse then accelerated, and the machine rose sluggishly into the air, sounding ’rather like a chaffcutter’. It was travelling at an estimated 30kph, with a peak altitude exceeding 3 metres. Decades later

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in Christchurch. Instead, at age 21 in 1898, his father set him up with the use of 100 acres (40.5 ha) of Waitohi farmland, upon which, over the next 13 years, he established a workshop, realised his ideas for bicycles, aero engines, flying machines and other contraptions, and kept some 76–286 sheep.

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displays material relating to Pearse. The collection includes interpretations of Pearse's earliest flying machine constructed for the Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903-2003 (MOTAT and South Canterbury Aviation Heritage Centre), for experiment and public display, along with several experimental

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method—Wright biplane fixed to location by use of ground mounted launching rails, and assistance of a catapult; Pearse was more strict with his definition of flight, rejecting the use of a launching apparatus. His monoplane had a steerable pneumatic tyred tricycle undercarriage to "solve the problem

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Some aviation historians cite Pearse’s statement in a 17 November 1909 newspaper interview that he "did not attempt anything practical with the idea until, in 1904, the St Louis Exposition authorities offered a prize” as evidence that Pearse did not begin the construction of an aircraft before 1904,

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Gibson recalled that Pearse had transported his flying machine with a dray and couple of horses from his shed to a terrace field above the Opihi River. On the first run, the flying machine headed down the hill and into a clump of gorse. After the boys had pulled the machine out and up the top to the

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Researchers into Pearse's aeronautical work had located some 55 surviving witnesses by the 1980s. They assigning a principal category to each witness at that time: 20 had seen a flight or more, 9 had seen a plane on a hedge or in the workshop awaiting repairs, 2 had heard the plane in flight but did

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As no light suitably powered engines could be purchased at that time, many pioneering inventors made their own. In 1951, Pearse, then 73 years old, told Dr. J R Gilmour during an examination for aged care, that he had made an engine away back "during the Boer War". This could be anytime between

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The honour of inventing the aeroplane cannot be assigned wholly to one man; like most inventions, it is the product of many minds. After all, there is nothing that succeeds like success, and for this reason, pre-eminence will undoubtedly be given to the Wright Brothers, of America, as they were the

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In 1958, Bolt excavated the South Canterbury dump site and discovered some components, including a propeller. His research in the 1950s and 1960s produced evidence for flight in 1903: people who had left the district by 1904 remembered the events, and recalled a particularly harsh winter with heavy

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in Otago in about 1911 and discontinued his flying experiments due to the hillier country there. Much of his experimental equipment got dumped in a farm rubbish-pit. However, he continued experimenting and produced a number of inventions. He subsequently moved to Christchurch in the 1920s, where he

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Pearse's work was not clearly reported at the time; no contemporary newspaper accounts appear to exist of his earliest efforts. Pearse's own statements, interpreted though modern day lenses, have bamboozled many researchers, writers and critics. For many years such led the few who knew of his feats

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Daisy Moore Crawford (later Mrs. McLean), born 1892, recalled that she saw Pearse's flying machine in the air. She was with her father, William, who was a close friend of Pearse, on the hillside at the back of Pearse's farm. When interviewed by Anna Cotterill and filmed by Hutton for TV One News in

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Arthur Tozer, who was about 17 years old at the time, recalled an event similar enough to be the same; that whilst driving a horse-drawn carriage through the Opihi riverbed he saw Pearse fly overhead but thought he had flown on to land on the terrace. Multiple independent hearsay accounts unrelated

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Richard Pearse attended the Waitohi Flat School from 1883 and Upper Waitohi School from 1891 to 1893, where, deep in thought at times and as a keen reader, he pursued an interest in technology. Peter Friel, a classmate at Upper Waitohi School, told researchers that Pearse came to school one morning

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Amos Martin stated that, "The time Pearse flew was on May 2nd 1903 at between half past two in the afternoon and four o'clock." "It was the year of the Big Snow." Writing to Joseph Coll on 23 May 1967, Martin said "I say this that it was Pay-day and Pay-day was the first Saturday of the month." He

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Robert Mitchell Gibson's accounts of a flight were considered by researchers to be amongst the most credible. Born 2 December 1895, he was 8 years old when his older brother Ramsay, age 13 years, took him on another cycle excursion, this time with a number of youths to help Pearse prove his flying

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Casey believed that Pearse's brother, Warne, spun the propeller; however, Warne and others apparently never referred to such an impressive flight. Warne had pulled the propeller to start the engine on the previous flight run from the Upper Waitohi School. Casey also named five other people who may

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At the trials it would start to rise off the ground when a speed of twenty miles an hour was attained. This speed was not sufficient to work the rudders, so, on account of its huge size and low speed, it was uncontrollable, and would spin round broadside on directly it left the ground. So I never

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Ever since the first aviation experiments, the use of the term "flight" has often been contentious because it has no universally agreed definition. Researcher Geoff Rodliffe used the dictionary definition of the term to describe a powered flying machine being airborne for even a short time. Early

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With additional evidence researchers later recognised from the 1915 letter that Pearse regarded both his and the Wright Brothers early powered ‘flights’ as tentative efforts. They determined that the most likely explanation for the discrepancy between the 1903 witness testimonies and

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administered Pearse's estate following his death in 1953. The trust officer was instructed to place the properties and saleable articles up for auction and dump Pearse's patented convertiplane invention. Setting in motion a serendipitous train of events, the auctioneer George Anderson offered the

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to accept 1904 as the date of flying. Unconcerned about posterity and in remote New Zealand, he received no public credit for his work during his lifetime. Pearse patented his design, but his innovations—such as ailerons and the lightweight air-cooled engine—did not succeed in influencing others.

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Sisters, Annie Fraser (later Mrs. Casey) and Margaret Fraser (later Mrs. Esler), recalled that they were on a hill filling sacks of potatoes dug by David Stumbles, when they heard Pearse's flying machine in the distance. They piled up potatoes and threatened that if Pearse flew in their direction

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Frank James Biggs of Taiko, born 28 September 1890, was educated at Fairview School, Fairview, Timaru, some 21 miles (34 km) from Waitohi, after the family moved there in 1898. He recalled his teacher at Fairview, Mrs. Christian Ritchie, telling the children that Pearse had flown. Writing to

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The following day, witnesses describe telling other people of the ‘flight’ and being accused of making an April fool's joke, thus, the date of the event was the 31st of March. One group of witnesses were school students, who had this discussion while riding their ponies to school. Three of

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With the help of Pearse's brother Warne, the aeroplane was pushed 800 metres up the gravel road to the Upper Waitohi School crossroads, where two dozen spectators gathered to watch the fun. During several attempts to get the machine to work, the crowd dwindled to a handful of people. On the

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At the dawn of the 20th century, a number of enthusiasts in several countries advanced towards powered heavier-than-air flight. Pearse, as one of several designers contemporary with the Wrights, advanced some distance towards controlled flight. However, Pearse's designs and achievements remained

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During filming of a television documentary in the 1970s, the crew attached a replica of Pearse's 1902–03 machine by a rope to a horse. When the horse bolted, the pilotless machine took to the air and flew laterally stable for some considerable distance before landing clumsily with slight damage,

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John William Casey, born 1896, seven years old in 1903, recalled that soon after Pearse's first takeoff the news spread "that there was to be another free show", and on that day a crowd, which he roughly estimated to number about 30 people, gathered near Pearse's farm, the edge of which was only

184:(3 December 1877 – 29 July 1953) was a New Zealand farmer and inventor who performed pioneering aviation experiments. Witnesses interviewed many years afterward describe observing Pearse flying and landing a powered heavier-than-air machine on 31 March 1903, nine months before the 988:

has a line of tiles mounted on the sidewalk by the lake listing important historic world and New Zealand events. The 1903 tile says that the first powered flight in history occurred in Timaru, and at the bottom of the tile for 1903 the Wright Brothers were listed as having also flown that year.

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visit to Timaru, 26–29 December 1902; during Honora Crowley's last teaching year at Upper Waitohi School to September 1903; and before the Big Snow snowstorm from 11 July 1903. Following decades of research to establish dates, 31 March 1903 is noted by historians as the day when Pearse may have

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Pearse continued to develop the ability to achieve fully controlled flight. He incorporated small "ailerons". Diagrams and eyewitness recollections agree that Pearse placed controls for pitch and yaw at the trailing edge of the low-aspect-ratio kite-type permanently stalled wing. This control

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Historian Gordan Ogilvie writes in his biography of Richard Pearse that it is likely that the first publicly witnessed take off took place on 31 March 1903, and that Pearse had certainly achieved a number of tentative flights by 1909 but concludes that readers will need to make up their own

1055:, by Company Theatre, 10–24 June 2000; MOTAT, Auckland, for the Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903–2003, 2003. Director: Sherry Ede; and Canterbury Repertory Theatre, Christchurch, 31 March–12 April 2003, for the Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903–2003. Director: Penny Giddens 243:

Digory and Sarah taught each of their children to play a musical instrument and formed a family orchestra. Richard played the cello, which he always kept close to hand. The family were also good tennis players; his brother Warne competing in New Zealand championships for some 25 years.

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holds Pearse's last aeroplane, a tilt-rotor convertiplane, his 25 hp four-cylinder engine and metal propeller from the later first flying machine, his powercycle and other original artefacts. The collection includes the flying machine created for the 1975 television docudrama

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in Auckland. As a result, Bolt went to see Pearse's last flying machine during his next visit to Christchurch in March 1956. It is at this point that the tide turned for Richard William Pearse and his lifetime pursuit of aviation invention, from certain obliteration to recognition.

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placement (located in turbulent air-flow, and close to the centre of gravity) would have had minimal, possibly inadequate, turning moment to control the pitch or yaw of the aircraft. The Wright brothers, in comparison, successfully applied the principles of airfoil wing-profile and

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convertiplane to the Canterbury Aero Club. Following inspection by the club's chief flying instructor, engineer and captain, their captain, Harry Walker, purchased it himself for £5 in June 1954 to save it from the scrap heap. They transported it to the club's hangar at

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flew. Ambiguous statements made by Pearse himself make it difficult to date the aviation experiments with certainty. In a newspaper interview in 1909, with respect to inventing a flying machine, he said "I did not attempt anything practical with the idea until 1904".

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Pearse’s own remarks, was that Pearse considered his 1902 to 1903 powered paddock hops and the publicly witnessed take off of March 31, 1903 to be preliminaries to the more serious work involved in achieving absolute navigational control in the air.

735:, along with Pearse's powercycle as part of the lot. Intrigued by the shed find, Walker also rescued, examined and sorted what was left of Pearse's papers and patents from the trustee's rubbish heap and the yard. Sometime later, during a stopover at 1212:

composed by Dwayne Bloomfield—Assistant Bandmaster, New Zealand Army Band, and Musical Director, Timaru Municipal Band. Performed by massed bands directed by Dwayne Bloomfield at the Richard Pearse Centenary Concert, Theatre Royal, Timaru, 29 March

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Some witness accounts suggest Pearse flew in 1902; others indicate a series of flights in 1903, ending in winter that year. Some dateable events recalled as occurring about the time of the flights were: immediately after excessive flooding of the

358:, mounted about the centre. Calculations indicate the engine could have produced as much as 15 hp (11.19 kW); "quite enough power to get a plane off the ground. The Wright brothers, after all, managed their 1903 flights on 12 hp." 1124:. Purports to uncover a long-lost segment of motion picture film that, with digital enhancement of a newspaper seen in one shot, "proves" that Pearse successfully flew in March 1903, predating the Wrights' achievement by several months. 1095:(1981) by John Leask. Performed by the Little Theatre Section, South Canterbury Drama League, 1981. Director: Dawn Somerville; and by the Little Theatre Section, Timaru, for the Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903–2003, 2003. 192:

Biographer Gordon Ogilvie credits Pearse with "several far-sighted concepts: a monoplane configuration, wing flaps and rear elevator, tricycle undercarriage with steerable nosewheel, and a propeller with variable-pitch blades."

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first to actually make successful flights with a motor-driven aeroplane. At most America can only claim to have originated the aeroplane. The honour of perfecting it and placing it on its present footing belongs to France.

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Pearse largely ended his early flying experiments about 1911 but pioneered on in novel aircraft and aero-engine invention from 1933 with the development of his "private plane for the million", a foldable single-engined

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Preceding the Wright brothers powered flights, this was one of two aircraft which achieved a successful flight attempt, from level ground without the use of ramps, slopes, guiderails, or catapults. The other was

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Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Pearse continued to work on constructing a tilt-rotor flying-machine for personal use – sometimes described as a cross between a windmill and a rubbish-cart. His design resembled an

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and Harold Cederman that Pearse had visited him "in 1901 and 1902, and was shown how to make spark plugs with the central electrode insulated by mica. Wood also helped him with the design of surface carburettors."

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to Gibson's flight were made by several sources. Because of the multiple witness and hearsay accounts, it is considered hard to doubt that Pearse at some time made an attempt to fly off the Opihi River terrace.

556:, and recalled that he had been involved in a fight as a result of claiming that he had seen a New Zealander fly before the Wright Brothers. The Royal Navy consistently recorded Gibson's character as "VG". 667:

printed an idea of his for an improved sparking plug for either high or low tension." Following many searches, researchers had doubts that this article existed, until it came to light during a search of

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built the bicycle, and Pearse made key components himself. Traveling up to Christchurch, he filed a patent application for the invention, via his newly appointed patent agent Henry Hughes, with the

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Petchey, Peter (2004). "Richard Pearse's southern sojourn: Historical & archaeological features relating to Richard Pearse's residency in Milton, Otago, 1911-1912. Archaeology in New Zealand".

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on 8 February 1902 (New Zealand Patent no. 14507)—his first patent. Coincidentally, on the day the Patent Office issued Letters Patent, Pearse's bicycle drew public attention when he rode it in to

1142:(1975). Docudrama, New Zealand Television One (NZBC). Set during his first flying machine efforts, the film focuses on Pearse's reclusive manner and local perceptions of his eccentric activities. 781:

minds. The Museum of Transport and Technology (MOTAT) in Auckland, finds 31 March 1903 to be the most likely date of Richard Pearse’s first publicly witnessed powered take-off.

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have witnessed the flight. Several independently recalled Miss Crowley as their teacher at that time, four described other flight attempts, and the fifth died before he could be interviewed.

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in 1909 that: "From the time I was quite a little chap, I had a great fancy for engineering, and when I was still quite a young man, I conceived the idea of inventing a flying machine."

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The flight had to have occurred before Miss Crowley left the district in September 1903. John Casey moved with his parents William and Margaret to the new Chamberlain settlement near

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Richard William Pearse, born at Waitohi Flat, South Canterbury, New Zealand, on 3 December 1877, was the fourth of nine children of Digory Sargent Pearse (1844–1932) of

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A representation of Pearse's early monoplane originally built for the 1977 New Zealand International Trade Fair, Auckland, on display at South Canterbury Museum, Timaru

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aviators, such as the Wright brothers, viewed flight as being sustained, controlled and powered in a heavier-than-air flying machine to a predetermined location, or "

3632: 152: 382:'s aeroplane failed to fly. He referred to the 25 hp engine as an "aeroplane motor", his "first motor" and the "first single-acting 4 cylinder motor". 289:, Currie's account is dateable by Thomas Currie's acquisition of land in the Waikakahi Estate ballot of March 1899 and the family's departure from Waitohi. 2276:

Geoff Rodliffe (interviewee), Daisy McLean (interviewee), Clifford Crawford (interviewee), Anna Cotterill (interviewer), Hutton (cameraman) (August 1976).

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of France, who in 1890 is given credit by aviation historians for achieving a flight distance of approximately 50 metres at an altitude of 20 centimetres.

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Pearse reappeared in the newspapers in late 1909 with his latest huge 700–900 sq ft. flying machine powered by a 24 horsepower motor. In a 1928 letter to

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Pearse, Richard William (28 May 1945). "Detailed Description of Private-plane". Letter to Minister of Defence. Wildberry Street, Woolston, Christchurch.

663:, 1 December 1909, also observed that "Mr. Pearse has always been of an inventive turn of mind, as a visit to his workshop will show. Just lately the 3648: 2668: 1130:(1990). Isambard Productions' continuation of the 1970s UK television series. A young inventor attempts to fly in a Richard Pearse-like contraption. 346:(New Zealand Patent no. 21476), and indicated in Figure 1 of the 1907 complete specification; its existence confirmed by the recovery of two 4 inch 1108:(2003). Documentary by Bob Jessopp, Horizon Video Communications. MOTAT, Auckland. An overview of the Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903–2003. 465: 1714: 3758: 2203: 378:

article. Pearse informed the Minister of Defence in May 1945, he'd started to work on this engine from about February 1904, a few months after

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not see it, 7 had a second hand account of seeing flight, 10 knew of flights and 7 had seen or knew of the flying machine under construction.

321:, who, from the mid-1890s, had pioneered New Zealand built internal combustion engines, motorcars and motorcycles. In later years, Wood told 756:

surprising all and prompting an impression that it was flyable. Unfortunately, as the cameras had been put aside, the event went unfilmed.

3663:'Richard Pearse: Was he the first man to 'fly' a mechanically powered aeroplane?', 2011. Eyewitnesses information and links to video clips 3803: 1225:

composed by Dave Denize. A ballad performed by Dave Denize at the Richard Pearse Centenary Concert, Theatre Royal, Timaru, 29 March 2003.

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A Passion for Flight: New Zealand Aviation Before the Great War. Volume One: Ideas, First Flight Attempts and the Aeronauts 1868-1909

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30 feet (9.1 m) above the riverbed, descending about 24.57 feet (7.49 m) to the river—an approximate grade of 1 in 134.

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1899 and 1902. In that period, the only person available to Pearse, with knowledge of building hydrocarbon engines, was

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If Casey's observations could be verified, this would be the first controlled flight in the world by a powered aeroplane.

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Martin, Amos (7 February 1966). "Proposed Richard Pearse memorial plaque". Letter to Town Clerk, Timaru Borough Council.

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composed by Natasha Murphy. Performed at the Richard Pearse Centenary Concert, Theatre Royal, Timaru, 29 March 2003.

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Gibson's later attempts to identify the other youths present at the Opihi River terrace flight were not successful.

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virtually unknown beyond the few who witnessed them and they had no impact on his contemporary aviation designers.

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two-cylinder engine reconstructions based on the remnants and descriptions of Richard Pearse's original engines.

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x 12 inch cast iron cylinder relics in 1971. The two pistons were connected by a single piston rod, with the

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Pearse's interest in engineering was not confined to aviation. In 1902, at Waitohi, Pearse invented a novel

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Crudely built, this engine appears to be Pearse's earliest, preceding his light 25 hp (18.64 kW)

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by Pearse. MOTAT's website gives 1903 as the year of his first flight, not 1902 as indicated on the medal.

342:"oil engine", was published in the 19 July 1906 provisional specification of Pearse's patent application, 3783: 3768: 1086: 886: 468:, New Zealand Mounted Rifles, South Island Regiment, in New Zealand on 21 August 1902; about the time of 1803: 2850: 1605:"After Five Years, a New Zealand Flying Machine Completed: Mr Richard Pearse of Waitohi the Inventor". 1235: 1155:(1999) by Helene Moore and Geoff Rodliffe. An historical novel woven around the life of Richard Pearse. 826: 845: 764: 308:

Richard Pearse's 25 hp (18.64 kW) water-cooled four-cylinder aero engine on display at MOTAT

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Robert Mitchell Gibson (interviewee), Keith Aberdeen (interviewer), Maria Hill (researcher) (1971).

2070:

Robert Mitchell Gibson (interviewee), Keith Aberdeen (interviewer), Maria Hill (researcher) (1971).

1516: 3680: 3668:'Man's First Powered Flight: Richard Pearse, Waitohi, New Zealand, March 31, 1902' by Bill Sherwood 3656: 3627: 3039: 2552: 2113: 1717:(Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand web site) and enter his patent numbers, 14507 or 21476 1693: 1408: 1057: 260: 2523:

Walker, Harry W. (20 February 1959). "Pearse's aeroplane". Letter to George B. Bolt. Christchurch.

2249:

Martin, Amos (23 May 1967). "R. W. Pearse flight". Letter to Joseph Coll. Temuka, North Town Belt.

1781: 1195:

invaders. The unpublished extended version features material outlining Pearse's lonely journey to

3596: 2649: 2595: 2432: 2427: 2220: 2087: 2061: 1953: 1821: 1804:"1903. New Zealand. Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks: Fourteenth Annual Report of the Registrar" 1495: 872: 528: 93: 2577: 2403: 2385: 2028: 1675: 1477: 1261: 3437: 2508: 2359:

Biggs, Frank J (25 May 1967). "Now regarding the flight". Letter to Joseph Coll. Taiko, Timaru.

2317: 1763: 1657: 1534: 1386: 989:

Millennium path tiles were removed in 2019 in preparation for future lake shore redevelopment.

896: 585: 581: 3698: 3432: 2503: 2486: 817:

flew with my first experimental 'plane, but no one else did with their first for that matter.

653:

flew with my first experimental 'plane, but no one else did with their first for that matter.

3572:'Edwardian Era Replica Flying Machines of New Zealand - A Plethora of 1903 Pearse Replicas', 2963: 1840: 1167: 1027: 405: 314: 3734:'Richard Pearse Missing Aircraft Photo from the early 1900s', Eye On U Productions Ltd, 2013 3703: 2798: 3753: 3748: 736: 732: 648:, Christchurch, Pearse summarised his progress in this particular "oval-shaped" monoplane: 409: 8: 3322:(1 ed.). Auckland: Walsh Memorial Library of the Museum of Transport and Technology. 2676: 1181: 1171: 695: 674: 511: 457: 385:

At some point Pearse mounted the earlier two-cylinder engine within the flying machine—a

3704:'New Zealand's Air Machines; Pearse - Ogilvie – Schaef' by Geoffrey Rodliffe, AvStop.com 3562: 3301:

Richard Pearse and His Flying Machines: An Anthology of Research Notes, Essays and Ideas

2615:

Richard Pearse and His Flying Machines: An Anthology of Research Notes, Essays and Ideas

3064: 2467: 1435: 829:, UK), settled on 1903–2003 for the commemoration of those aeroplane pioneers in 2003. 715: 669: 570: 371: 339: 221: 3667: 3331:. Auckland: Museum of Transport and Technology, and Richard Pearse Memorial Committee. 2374:. Auckland: Museum of Transport and Technology, and Richard Pearse Memorial Committee. 3672: 3522: 3451: 3441:. No. 44. Auckland: Australian Consolidated Press New Zealand. pp. 110–127. 3417: 3398: 3379: 3360: 3341: 3304: 3285: 3266: 3247: 3244:

The Riddle of Richard Pearse: The Story of New Zealand's Pioneer Aviator and Inventor

3235:

The Riddle of Richard Pearse: The Story of New Zealand's Pioneer Aviator and Inventor

3219: 3200: 3181: 3162: 3143:(3). Auckland: The Museum of Transport and Technology Society (MOTAT Society): 35–42. 2512:. No. 44. Auckland: Australian Consolidated Press New Zealand. pp. 110–127. 2197: 1993: 1743: 1582: 1343: 1240: 1068: 1052: 1031: 351: 3587: 1884: 1112: 1013:

The arts have commemorated Richard Pearse's remarkable achievements over the years.

362: 330: 282: 172: 67: 907: 476: 412:

propeller. Witnesses tended to agree that the flying machine had no tail section.

259:

put aside any thought of support for Richard's aspiration to study engineering at

2908: 1078: 625: 546: 501: 461: 286: 229: 213: 185: 148: 3693: 3139:

Heath, Philip (Winter 2012). "Easy Flyer: Richard Pearse's 1912-13 Powercycle".

3114: 1067:(1996) by Stephen Bain and France Hervé. Performed at City Gallery, Wellington; 879:

displays material relating to Pearse and to his contribution to early aviation.

495: 396:

wing structure. In general layout the machine resembled modern aircraft design:

3662: 1463: 795: 727: 379: 3733: 3633:'Kiwis hail farmer who beat the Wright brothers into the air’ by Kathy Marks, 3628:'First to Fly Mystery' by David Killick, Freelance Journalist and Photographer 3535: 3514: 3506: 3492: 3488: 3015:"The New Adventures of Black Beauty - The Birdman | Television | NZ On Screen" 2230: 2097: 2071: 1963: 1841:"Selling Sandow: Modernity and Leisure in Early Twentieth-Century New Zealand" 1808:

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1903 Session I, H-10

529:

1903 April 11, Holy Saturday, Easter: The Terrace Flight, Opihi River, Waitohi

453: 3742: 3476: 1196: 1121: 1030:. A series of meditations about the South Canterbury aviator Richard Pearse. 968: 955: 929: 916: 869:, based on Pearse's patent, witness descriptions and early 1900s technology. 659: 347: 304: 233: 201: 144: 3089: 2129: 300:, Complete Specification, New Zealand Patent no. 21476. Inventor: R W Pearse 3620:'Crosswinds', A commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Pearce's flight, 3563:'An Engine Imagined: Puzzling Out Richard Pearse's Engine' by Roger Lacey, 1694:"Coming of the Motor: Timaru's Pioneering Effort Looking Back Thirty Years" 1117: 849:

A representation of Pearse's early monoplane at the South Canterbury Museum

469: 424: 389: 89: 3725:'New evidence Pearse did not fly before Wright brothers' by Jeff Hampton, 3498: 2926: 2897:, Rose Centre Theatre, Belmont, Auckland: Company Theatre, pp. 59–63 2877:, Rose Centre Theatre, Belmont, Auckland: Company Theatre, pp. 10–22 1174: 1082: 997: 744: 553: 365: 355: 333: 322: 225: 71: 2471: 1915: 825:(USA), Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight (NZ) and 100 Years of Flight ( 3545:'Grounded: Illness ends mission to fly Pearse replica' by Phil Taylor, 1163: 803:

of starting" flight. In 1915 Pearse wrote in a letter to a newspaper:

708: 591: 3523:'Replica Pearse plane on course for lift-off' by Esther Ash-Coventry, 2134:

Australian Naval Force (ANF) Engagement and Service Records, 1903-1911

1740:

Secret Wings of World War II: Nazi Technology and the Allied Arms Race

39: 2704: 2408: 1199:

to try to interest businessmen in his "aero-nautical device" designs.

416: 397: 256: 198: 1342:(4th Edition (revised) ed.). Wellington: A.W. & A.H. Reed. 985: 812:

Pearse summarises his achievements in a 1928 letter to a newspaper:

571:

1903 May 2, Saturday: Paddock Flight, Richard Pearse's Farm, Waitohi

861: 704: 386: 217: 3040:"Off the Ground - 1, The First to Fly | Television | NZ On Screen" 950:, South Canterbury, where Pearse made attempts at powered flight ( 3150:

Prop-Swing: Journal of the Shuttleworth Veteran Aeroplane Society

1192: 1185: 1177: 947: 799: 515: 401: 278: 255:

His father's investment in eldest son Thomas's medical degree at

63: 3611:'Remembering New Zealand's visionary aviator' by Warren Gamble, 2229:

Amos Martin (interviewee), David McPhail (interviewer) (1969).

900: 876: 841:

Pearse's tilt-rotor convertiplane as displayed at MOTAT in 2010

542: 477:

1903 March 31: Upper Waitohi School take off, Main Waitohi Road

436: 432: 393: 318: 237: 3716:‘New details help pin down Richard Pearse’ by Gordon Ogilvie, 3178:

Who was Richard William Pearse, 1877 to 1953: Aviation Pioneer

2462:

Pearse, R W (4 September 1909). "The Handy Man's Spark Plug".

502:

1903: Multi-lap Paddock Flight, Richard Pearse's Farm, Waitohi

3518:, Official Trailer HD, Eye On U Productions Ltd, 30 June 2013 2345:

The Cyclopedia of New Zealand: Canterbury Provincial District

420: 2035:. Vol. 98, no. 170636. 21 October 1921. p. 8. 1700:. Vol. 125, no. 17773. 8 October 1927. p. 11. 1682:. Vol. 76, no. 11629. 12 December 1901. p. 3. 1051:(2000) by Sherry Ede. Performed at the Rose Centre Theatre, 2584:. Vol. 97, no. 29029. 19 October 1959. p. 7. 2412:. Vol. 75, no. 22605. 10 January 1939. p. 5. 2348:. The Cyclopedia Company Limited. 1903. pp. 1032–1033. 1484:. Vol. 136, no. 19136. 18 March 1932. p. 11. 1085:

and Richard Pearse meet in the afterlife. Performed by the

889:

displays original Pearse engine artefacts and other items.

3263:

Kiwi Ingenuity: A Book of New Zealand Ideas and Inventions

2602:. Vol. 99, no. 29165. 28 March 1960. p. 15. 1962:

Florence Pearse (interviewee), Ruth Pearse (interviewee).

1664:. Vol. 101, no. 11853. 30 March 1899. p. 6. 1502:. Vol. 73, no. 22173. 17 August 1937. p. 2. 1243:— Houdini's flight at Diggers Rest, Friday, 18 March 1910. 3414:

101 Ingenious Kiwis: How New Zealanders Changed the World

1541:. Vol. 14, no. 592. 28 January 1871. p. 2. 1523:. Vol. 20, no. 1859. 16 August 1937. p. 2. 1393:. Vol. 36, no. 49. 30 November 1909. p. 6. 759: 3649:'This New Zealand Farmer Revolutionized Modern Planes', 3597:

U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission: Calendar of Events

1622:

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives

1268:. Vol. 90, no. 27393. 5 July 1954. p. 10. 1106:

A Century of Flight: A Tribute to Richard William Pearse

3574:

NZ Civil Aircraft: A Blog on New Zealand Civil Aircraft

3448:

The History Makers: Adventures in New Zealand Biography

3148:

Jarrett, Philip (Winter 2003). "The Pearse Aeroplane".

3115:"Canterbury Brass. Musical Director: Dwayne Bloomfield" 1854:(2). Department of History, The University of Auckland. 1770:. Vol. 78, no. 12072. 21 May 1903. p. 2. 1511: 1509: 2888:

Thomas, Scott, "2003 MOTAT—The Pain and the Passion",

2392:. Vol. 83, no. 12964. 2 May 1906. p. 4. 1146: 1001:

A silver medal struck by the New Zealand Mint for the

3602:'Three replica engines at Pearse Centenary Pageant', 3477:'Reproduction Pearse confirmed for January airshow', 1873:(3). New Zealand Archaeological Association: 178–189. 2749:"Aeroplane Engine (Pearse Aeroplane Engine Remains)" 2643: 2641: 2639: 2421: 2419: 2318:"Profile: BIGGS, Frank James (Service number 87388)" 1506: 911:

Richard Pearse Memorial, Waitohi, South Canterbury (

592:

1903: Paddock Flight, Richard Pearse's Farm, Waitohi

618: 277:A hint of Pearse's earliest flying machine work at 3588:'Bamboo Dick, first in flight' by Debbi Gardiner, 2596:"First Flight Claim: Additional Evidence Obtained" 1965:Richard Pearse - Eye Witnesses 1 & 2 - Sisters 3689:Pictures of Richard Pearse and his flying machine 2636: 2588: 2416: 2358: 2177:. Museum of Transport and Technology. p. 22. 2175:Richard Pearse: Early New Zealand Pioneer Aviator 1916:MOTAT · Museum of Transport and Technology (nd), 1381: 1379: 1377: 220:, England, and Sarah Anne Brown (c.1850–1937) of 16:New Zealand farmer, inventor and aviation pioneer 3740: 3218:(1 ed.). Wellington: A.W. & A.H. Reed. 2868:Thomas, Scott, "2000 The Pain and the Passion", 2774:"Aeroplane Propeller (Pearse Propeller Remains)" 2570: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1488: 541:Gibson was certain the flight took place in the 3376:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 3357:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 2539:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 2532: 2530: 2048:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 2015:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 1713:To see Pearse's patent specifications, use the 1579:Wings Over Waitohi: The Story of Richard Pearse 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1470: 1262:"Early Flight at Temuka in Home-made Aeroplane" 1254: 1128:The New Adventures of Black Beauty: The Birdman 136:Pioneering flights in heavier-than-air aircraft 3237:(Revised ed.). Auckland: Reed Publishing. 2232:Richard Pearse – Eye Witnesses 4 – Amos Martin 1374: 1361: 1359: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1007:"80th Anniversary of World 1st Powered Flight" 1003:New Zealand Museum of Transport and Technology 699:built three houses and lived off the rentals. 3194: 2697: 2099:Richard Pearse – Eye Witnesses 3b – Neighbour 2073:Richard Pearse – Eye Witnesses 3a – Neighbour 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1600: 1598: 1402: 1400: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 3582:Richard Pearse Centenary of Flight 1903-2003 3471:Pearse aero engine and flying machine makers 3340:(4 ed.). Thornbury, UK: C.G. Rodliffe. 2851:"History on the Move as Path's Tiles Lifted" 2724:"Aircraft (Richard Pearse Utility Aircraft)" 2660: 2606: 2527: 2363: 1545: 1466:. Births, Deaths, Marriages and Citizenship. 1370:(4 ed.). Thornbury, UK: C. G. Rodliffe. 456:on 23–24 March 1902; on 31 March, preceding 120:Waitohi Flat School and Upper Waitohi School 2632:. Vol. 45, no. 11. November 1977. 2578:"First Powered Flights Made by Timaru Man?" 2466:. Vol. 101, no. 10. p. 164. 1756: 1720: 1356: 714:In 1951, aged 73 years, he was admitted to 3508:Pearse Aircraft Wing Build Time Laps Video 3431:Yarwood, Vaughan (October–December 1999). 3195:Moore, Helene; Rodliffe, Geoffrey (1999). 2502:Yarwood, Vaughan (October–December 1999). 2440: 2202:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1972: 1595: 1397: 1272: 329:The earliest technical description of his 38: 3694:'Richard Pearse: First Flyer', NZEDGE.com 3651:Smithsonian Channel, Smithsonian Magazine 1071:, Wellington; Maidment Theatre, Auckland. 893:South Canterbury Aviation Heritage Centre 272: 232:in 1864–1865 and had taken up farming at 19:For other people with similar names, see 3699:'Research' by Geoff Rodliffe, AvStop.com 3411: 3373: 3354: 3335: 3326: 3317: 3298: 3279: 2955: 2945:"A respected presence in the SC theatre" 2666: 2612: 2536: 2369: 2322:SCRoll (South Canterbury Roll of Honour) 2045: 2012: 1828:. No. 4052. 21 May 1903. p. 2. 1709: 1707: 1576: 1413:Te Ara — the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1365: 1184:published in the New Zealand Doctor Who 996: 906: 844: 836: 763: 678:, and again in Alexander Russell Bond's 635: 473:achieved some sort of witnessed flight. 303: 291: 3683:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 3554:Tribute to a good friend of Whitianga, 3486:Richard Pearse aircraft replica project 3445: 3430: 3378:(2 ed.). Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 3303:(1 ed.). Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 3241: 3232: 3213: 3147: 2700:"NZ aviation pioneer was the real deal" 2501: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2242: 2050:. Auckland: C. G. Rodliffe. p. 77. 2017:. Auckland: C. G. Rodliffe. p. 68. 1987: 1864: 1581:(2 ed.). Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 1406: 1337: 435:on Sale Day, Tuesday, 19 May 1903, and 3741: 3392: 3156: 2987: 2981: 2647: 2617:(1 ed.). Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 2461: 2425: 2215: 2213: 1726: 1433: 1099: 946:The Richard Pearse Memorial stands at 760:Uncertainty of flight experiment dates 3759:New Zealand people of Cornish descent 3260: 3175: 3138: 2848: 2080: 2054: 1990:The Riddle of Richard Pearse (4th Ed) 1948: 1946: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1838: 1704: 1464:"Births, Deaths and Marriages Online" 1458: 1456: 1415:. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 788: 3397:. Wellington: Gilt Edge Publishing. 3359:(1 ed.). Auckland: Avon Press. 2961: 2484: 2253: 2239: 2187: 2172: 2115:Off the Ground – 1: The First to Fly 1992:. Auckland: A. W. & A. H. Reed. 1784:. Henry Hughes Intellectual Property 1737: 1731: 1134:Off the Ground – 1: The First to Fly 628:to produce fully controlled flight. 464:and following the disbanding of the 344:An Improved Aerial or Flying Machine 298:An Improved Aerial or Flying Machine 112:Dick "Aeroplane" Pearse, Bamboo Dick 2541:(1 ed.). Auckland: Avon Press. 2488:Handy Man's Workshop and Laboratory 2426:Pearse, R. W. (15 September 1928). 2210: 1147:Novels, novellas, and short stories 689: 680:Handy Man's Workshop and Laboratory 13: 3804:20th-century New Zealand inventors 3681:'Story: Pearse, Richard William', 2887: 2867: 2691: 1943: 1902: 1658:"The Waikakahi Estate. The Ballot" 1453: 992: 984:The South Island lakeside town of 858:Museum of Transport and Technology 545:school holidays before Easter, or 514:, some 25 miles (40 km) from 460:; within a year of the end of the 224:, Ireland. Digory had migrated to 14: 3815: 3657:Richard William Pearse, 1877-1953 3465: 3090:"Reverse the Polarity! - Fanlore" 2324:. South Canterbury Museum, Timaru 2130:"ANF1754, Robert Mitchell Gibson" 1925:, Auckland: MOTAT, archived from 883:Pleasant Point Museum and Railway 600: 419:type bicycle with self-inflating 3799:20th-century New Zealand farmers 3395:Four Great New Zealand Inventors 3161:. Christchurch: Volplane Press. 2990:"Movie Review: Forgotten Silver" 2669:"Pearse flew long after Wrights" 2491:. New York: Munn & Co., Inc. 2485:Bond, Alexander Russell (1910). 1409:"Story: Pearse, Richard William" 619:Experiments on aerial navigation 615:they would pelt him with spuds. 580:left Temuka for the coalmine at 374:engine which features in a 1909 171: 104:British, Dominion of New Zealand 3774:People from Milton, New Zealand 3500:Flight of Fancy–Ivan Mudrovcich 3338:Richard Pearse: Pioneer Aviator 3329:Richard Pearse: Pioneer Aviator 3320:Richard Pearse: Pioneer Aviator 3132: 3107: 3082: 3057: 3032: 3007: 2937: 2919: 2901: 2881: 2861: 2842: 2816: 2791: 2766: 2741: 2716: 2675:. Stuff Limited. Archived from 2621: 2545: 2516: 2495: 2478: 2455: 2396: 2378: 2372:Richard Pearse: Pioneer Aviator 2352: 2336: 2310: 2284: 2269: 2181: 2166: 2140: 2122: 2106: 2039: 2021: 2006: 1877: 1858: 1832: 1814: 1796: 1774: 1686: 1668: 1650: 1638:. Timaru District Council. 2013 1628: 1613: 1527: 1440:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1368:Richard Pearse: Pioneer Aviator 392:surmounted by a fabric-covered 21:Richard Pearce (disambiguation) 3433:"The Birdman of Upper Waitohi" 3416:. Auckland: Reed New Zealand. 3374:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1997). 3355:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1993). 3336:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (2003). 3327:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1983). 3318:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1978). 3299:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (2007). 3280:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1997). 2988:Savlov, Marc (10 April 1998). 2613:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (2007). 2537:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1993). 2504:"The Birdman of Upper Waitohi" 2370:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1983). 2298:. Auckland War Memorial Museum 2154:. Auckland War Memorial Museum 2046:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1997). 2013:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1997). 1848:New Zealand Journal of History 1577:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (1997). 1427: 1366:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey (2003). 1120:by filmmakers Costa Botes and 552:Gibson also served during the 1: 3789:New Zealand aviation pioneers 2931:South Canterbury Drama League 2849:Price, Mark (12 March 2019). 2698:Evan Gardiner (11 May 2012). 2650:"Who Invented the Aeroplane?" 2648:Pearse, R. W. (10 May 1915). 2428:"Who Invented the Aeroplane?" 1742:. Pen and Sword. p. 46. 1434:Foster, Bernard John (1966). 1247: 352:crank-arm and crank mechanism 207: 3764:People from South Canterbury 3536:'From the West to the Sky', 3495:, 16 August 2012, on YouTube 3216:The Riddle of Richard Pearse 3180:. Nottingham, UK: D. Moore. 2913:Canterbury Repertory Theatre 2656:. No. 15799. p. 2. 2436:. No. 18567. p. 2. 1738:Cole, Lance (30 June 2015). 1620:"The Annual Sheep Returns". 1340:The Riddle of Richard Pearse 423:. Messrs. Martin and Co. of 7: 3659:Christchurch City Libraries 3284:. Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 3199:. Auckland: C.G. Rodliffe. 3197:Oh, For the Wings of a Moth 2447:"A New Zealand Aeroplane". 2118:. National Film Unit. 1982. 1229: 1161:(1999-2002). An eight-part 1153:Oh, for the Wings of a Moth 1005:in 1982 to commemorate the 439:on Wednesday, 20 May 1903. 10: 3820: 3794:1900s New Zealand aircraft 3450:. Auckland: Random House. 2630:New Zealand Wings Magazine 2136:. Australian War Memorial. 1867:Archaeology in New Zealand 1241:Harry Houdini: The Aviator 1236:List of firsts in aviation 442: 429:Christchurch Patent Office 18: 3556:The Informer, Mercury Bay 3479:New Zealand Aviation News 3446:Yarwood, Vaughan (2002). 3157:Martyn, Errol W. (2012). 2824:"Richard Pearse Memorial" 1919:Fact Sheet Richard Pearse 1676:""Tourist" Motor Bicycle" 1436:"Pearse, Richard William" 1017: 832: 721: 640:Pearse's spark plug, 1909 267: 170: 165: 140: 132: 124: 116: 108: 100: 78: 49: 37: 30: 3242:Ogilvie, Gordon (2003). 3233:Ogilvie, Gordon (1994). 3214:Ogilvie, Gordon (1973). 2968:Observations on film art 1988:Ogilvie, Gordon (2003). 1839:Daley, Caroline (2000). 1407:Ogilvie, Gordon (1996). 1338:Ogilvie, Gordon (2003). 1203: 1049:The Pain and the Passion 1042: 739:, Captain John Malcolm, 3412:Williams, Tony (2006). 3265:. Auckland: AIT Press. 2828:Engineering New Zealand 2173:Rodliffe, C. Geoffrey. 873:South Canterbury Museum 631: 609: 94:Canterbury, New Zealand 3604:Scoop Independent News 3438:New Zealand Geographic 3393:Tonkin, Keith (2003). 2509:New Zealand Geographic 1782:"Who is Henry Hughes?" 1010: 969:44.20807°S 171.12303°E 943: 930:44.20807°S 171.12303°E 897:Richard Pearse Airport 850: 842: 819: 810: 769: 655: 641: 417:bell-crank pedal lever 309: 301: 273:Early engineering work 182:Richard William Pearse 44:Richard Pearse in 1903 32:Richard William Pearse 3676:, New Zealand History 3567:magazine, 01 May 2019 2891:40th Anniversary Book 2871:40th Anniversary Book 2799:"Motorcycle (Pearse)" 2712:on 10 September 2012. 2628:"New Zealand Scene". 2404:"Jubilee of District" 2188:Bell, Graham (1978), 1822:"Local & General" 1217:I Can Fly in the Dark 1189:Reverse the Polarity! 1168:The War of the Worlds 1089:, Christchurch, 1990. 1081:. A fantasy in which 1028:William (Bill) Sewell 1000: 910: 848: 840: 814: 805: 767: 650: 639: 307: 295: 3176:Moore, Dave (2007). 2386:"Town & Country" 1764:"Town & Country" 974:-44.20807; 171.12303 935:-44.20807; 171.12303 823:Centennial of Flight 737:Christchurch Airport 366:horizontally-opposed 334:horizontally-opposed 3779:Aerospace engineers 3502:, Radio New Zealand 3282:Flight over Waitohi 3261:Riley, Bob (1995). 2464:Scientific American 2292:"Frank James Biggs" 1662:The Lyttelton Times 1609:. 17 November 1909. 1100:Film and television 965: / 926: / 675:Scientific American 665:Scientific American 153:Edgar Francis Babst 3784:Aviation inventors 3769:People from Temuka 3720:, 26 November 2011 3613:New Zealand Herald 3547:New Zealand Herald 3246:. Auckland: Reed. 2451:. 1 December 1909. 2190:The Terrace Flight 2148:"Robert M. Gibson" 1387:"A Flying Machine" 1011: 944: 851: 843: 798:". With regard to 789:Question of flight 770: 716:Sunnyside Hospital 670:Auckland Libraries 642: 626:three-axis control 588:, in August 1903. 310: 302: 261:Canterbury College 222:County Londonderry 3606:, 4 February 2003 3549:, 20 October 2017 3525:The Timaru Herald 3141:The Driving Wheel 2962:Bordwell, David. 2951:. 7 October 2017. 2949:The Timaru Herald 2855:Otago Daily Times 2449:The Otago Witness 1889:nzhistory.govt.nz 1768:The Timaru Herald 1749:978-1-4738-6271-5 1636:"Cemetery Search" 1391:The Clutha Leader 1069:Downstage Theatre 1053:Belmont, Auckland 796:aerial navigation 179: 178: 3811: 3592:, 22 August 2002 3558:, 29 August 2018 3461: 3442: 3427: 3408: 3389: 3370: 3351: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3295: 3276: 3257: 3238: 3229: 3210: 3191: 3172: 3153: 3144: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3065:"Richard Pearse" 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2994:Austin Chronicle 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2708:. Archived from 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2679:on 25 April 2012 2667:O'Rourke, Paul. 2664: 2658: 2657: 2654:The Evening Star 2645: 2634: 2633: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2534: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2423: 2414: 2413: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2236: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2201: 2193: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1985: 1970: 1969: 1950: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1931: 1924: 1913: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1885:"Richard Pearse" 1881: 1875: 1874: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1845: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1800: 1794: 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1102: 1079:Mervyn Thompson 1056: 1045: 1020: 1014: 995: 993:Popular culture 973: 971: 967: 964: 959: 956: 954: 952: 951: 934: 932: 928: 925: 920: 917: 915: 913: 912: 835: 821:From 1999, the 791: 762: 724: 692: 634: 621: 612: 603: 594: 573: 547:Easter Saturday 531: 504: 479: 462:Second Boer War 445: 356:propeller shaft 275: 270: 230:South Australia 214:South Petherwin 210: 186:Wright brothers 156: 151: 149:Malcolm Sargent 147: 96: 87: 83: 74: 61: 60:3 December 1877 55: 53: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3722: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3678: 3674:Richard Pearse 3670: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3640: 3639: 3630: 3625: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3594: 3579: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3542: 3538:Western Leader 3533: 3531:, 05 July 2013 3520: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3483: 3467: 3466:External links 3464: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3443: 3428: 3422: 3409: 3403: 3390: 3384: 3371: 3365: 3352: 3346: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3309: 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867:Richard Pearse 834: 831: 790: 787: 761: 758: 728:Public Trustee 723: 720: 691: 688: 633: 630: 620: 617: 611: 608: 602: 601:1903 April–May 599: 593: 590: 572: 569: 530: 527: 503: 500: 478: 475: 470:Eugen Sandow's 466:9th Contingent 444: 441: 380:Samuel Langley 354:, turning the 274: 271: 269: 266: 209: 206: 177: 176: 168: 167: 163: 162: 142: 138: 137: 134: 133:Known for 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 88: 86:(aged 75) 80: 76: 75: 62: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3816: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3576:, 27 May 2019 3575: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3511: 3510:, 11 May 2013 3509: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3459: 3457:9781869415419 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3423:9780790011103 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3404:9780473088125 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3385:9780473050009 3381: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3366:9780473020941 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3347:9780473096861 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3310:9780473123628 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3291:9780473050481 3287: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3272:9780958333443 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3187:9780954745417 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3168:9780473203870 3164: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3116: 3110: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3045: 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