921:
40:
648:
52:
576:
813:
areas in
Colombia are in the basin, but there has been a drastic decrease in the annual harvest with a fall of about 90% between 1975 and 2008. The primary threats are pollution (such as human waste, mining, farming and deforestation causing
1226:
Restrepo, Juan D.; Escobar, Rogger; Tosic, Marko (February 2018). "Fluvial fluxes from the
Magdalena River into Cartagena Bay, Caribbean Colombia: Trends, future scenarios, and connections with upstream human impacts".
1066:(Knopf, 2020), Canadian writer, anthropologist, and explorer Wade Davis travels the length of the river by boat, on foot, by car, and on horseback combining descriptions of nature with episodes from Colombian history.
1312:
A new trans-Andean Stick
Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the río Magdalena Basin in Colombia.
1441:
1368:
Serie
Editorial Recursos Hidrobiológicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia): Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH).
1496:
1082:
1364:
Lasso; Agudelo-Córdoba: Jiménez-Segura; Ramírez-Gil; Morales-Betancourt; Ajiaco-Martínez; Gutiérrez; Usma-Oviedo; Muñoz-Torres; and
Sanabria-Ochoa (2011).
590:
The
Magdalena River is the largest river system of the northern Andes, with a length of 1,612 km. Its headwaters are in the south of Colombia, where the
834:
have also been detected in some commercially important fish in the river. As of 2002, 19 fish species in the river basin were recognized as threatened.
567:
covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.
1021:
awarded a concession to establish steam navigation in the
Magdalena River to Juan Bernardo Elbers, but his company closed shortly after. By 1845,
850:
in its headwaters, dry forest in the upper part of its valley, rainforest in its middle course, and swamps and wetlands in its lower course. The
1525:
544:, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure
1448:
1331:
270:
1123:
642:
357:(Period: 1975–1995) 7,200 m/s (250,000 cu ft/s) (Period: 1991–2020) 8,058 m/s (284,600 cu ft/s)
1142:
988:
1205:
983:
who arrived to today's
Colombia early in the 16th century used the river to push to the wild and mountainous inland after
662:
and other tributaries, are very rich in fish. As of 2008, 213 fish species were known from the basin. Since then several
1035:
606:. The river runs east then north in a great valley between the two cordilleras. It reaches the coastal plain at about
189:
1610:
1500:
1086:
1394:
1409:
Heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Ni) in fish species commercially important from
Magdalena river, Tolima tract, Colombia.
968:
and the Yariguí ascended through the western bank of the river, while its eastern portion was inhabited by the
1379:
908:, these hippopotami became feral following his demise, and have since expanded beyond their original home on
599:
595:
17:
548:. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its
1051:
1044:
887:
1605:
444:
1551:
114:
1353:
Regionally nested patterns of fish assemblages in floodplain lakes of the
Magdalena river (Colombia).
1286:
Three new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Magdalena River Basin, Colombia.
1150:
The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads
1600:
942:
631:
1529:
831:
830:(expected operational in 2018), which has caused some controversy. As a result of the pollution,
725:
699:
580:
883:
843:
731:
557:
99:
1421:
686:
1110:
1236:
1018:
129:
8:
1040:
996:
984:
891:
863:
1328:
1240:
345:
1056:
1011:
1003:
875:
712:
607:
1059:
down the Magdalena River, where he revisits many cities and villages along the river.
1025:
regularly travelled on the river until 1961, when the last steamers ceased operation.
1182:
1119:
961:
953:
867:
851:
652:
584:
468:
323:
257,438 km (99,397 sq mi) to 271,807 km (104,945 sq mi)
109:
610:, then runs west for about 100 km (62 mi), then north again, reaching the
1252:
1248:
1244:
920:
909:
898:
879:
871:
737:
603:
526:
514:
171:
408:
119:
1335:
780:
619:
424:
124:
1153:
790:. In general, the fish fauna shows connections with surrounding basins, notably
440:
1055:, by Gabriel García Márquez, is a fictionalized account of the final voyage of
1007:
795:
705:
564:
545:
452:
66:
1351:
Granado-Lorencio; Serna; Carvajal; Jiménez-Segura; Gulfo; and Alvarez (2012).
39:
1594:
1473:
969:
949:
905:
859:
823:
611:
553:
436:
412:
285:
272:
240:
204:
191:
104:
1284:
Román-Valencia; Ruiz; Taphorn; Mancera-Rodriguez; and García-Alzate (2013).
404:
980:
901:
855:
799:
791:
774:
615:
448:
252:
139:
1178:"Sistema Delta Estuarino del Río Magdalena, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta"
827:
765:
692:
663:
659:
549:
456:
420:
235:
479:
Sistema Delta Estuarino del Río Magdalena, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
134:
1257:
786:
770:
759:
680:
668:
416:
1022:
815:
718:
674:
992:
847:
647:
51:
938:
862:
are abundant in these ecosystems but other animal species like the
750:
744:
541:
256:
175:
81:
1177:
1043:
in Colombia. Some screenshots showed the Magdalena River and the
965:
957:
810:
803:
1366:
I. Catálogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia.
1105:
1103:
1434:
1414:
1206:"Polinizaciones: Las Abejas y las Garzas / The Bees and Storks"
925:
754:
575:
1584:. No. 22-28 August 2020. The Economist Newspaper Limited.
1100:
591:
556:, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the
537:
94:
987:
discovered and named the river on April 1, 1501. During the
1497:"Pablo Escobar's Escaped Hippos Are Thriving in Colombia"
956:
a route towards the interior of present-day Colombia and
819:
684:
in 2014. Among the more famous species in the basin are
991:, the river was the only transport link communicating
1137:
1135:
1083:"Sistema de informacion Ambiental de Colombia – SIAC"
1299:
Trans-Andean Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae).
1297:
Taphorn; Armbruster; Villa-Navarro; and Ray (2013).
1225:
822:). Additional dams are being constructed, including
1407:Noreña; Arenas; Murillo; Guío; and Méndez (2012).
1132:
948:Due to its geographical position in the north of
749:. About 55% of the fish species in the basin are
1592:
1526:"Navegación a Vapor en Colombia | xcafe.co"
666:have been described from the basin such as five
1273:Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia.
897:In addition, there is a possible risk posed by
1543:
1208:. Polinizaciones.blogspot.com. 7 February 2008
658:The Magdalena River basin, which includes the
1556:Viajes por los Andes colombianos: (1882–1884)
1347:
1345:
531:
1494:
1039:takes place in the historic, walled city of
912:into nearby regions of the Magdalena River.
1520:
1518:
1474:"Pablo Escobar's hippos: A growing problem"
846:crosses a wide variety of ecosystems, like
377:12,000 m/s (420,000 cu ft/s)
1549:
1488:
1471:
1342:
50:
1271:Maldonado-Ocampo; Vari; and Usma (2008).
1256:
367:2,000 m/s (71,000 cu ft/s)
1515:
1377:International Rivers (18 January 2012).
1265:
919:
646:
574:
1322:
1320:
14:
1593:
1392:International Rivers (18 March 2013).
1014:took place along the Magdalena River.
1499:. National Geographic. Archived from
972:civilization, which called the river
643:List of fishes in the Magdalena river
525:
1326:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World:
1317:
989:Spanish colonization of the Americas
56:Map of the Magdalena River watershed
1395:Police Detain Ituango Dam Affected.
1075:
24:
625:
25:
1622:
1442:"CUIDEMOS NUESTRO RÍO MAGDALENA"
1288:Rev Biol Trop. 61(3): 1365–1387.
1028:
952:, the Magdalena River was since
837:
44:The delta of the Magdalena River
38:
1569:
1465:
1401:
1386:
1371:
1358:
1304:
1422:"Magdalena Valley dry forests"
1380:Colombia's El Quimbo in Limbo.
1291:
1278:
1249:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.007
1219:
1198:
1170:
1112:ESTUDIO NACIONAL DEL AGUA 2022
964:-speaking peoples such as the
798:, but to a lesser extent also
264: • coordinates
183: • coordinates
13:
1:
1069:
931:
894:are in danger of extinction.
226:3,685 m (12,090 ft)
149:Physical characteristics
1528:(in Spanish). Archived from
1495:Howard, B.C. (10 May 2016).
1447:(in Spanish). Archived from
1275:Biota Colombiana 9: 143–237.
1085:(in Spanish). Archived from
1052:The General in His Labyrinth
1045:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
995:with the Caribbean Sea port
303: • elevation
222: • elevation
7:
1472:Kremer, W. (26 June 2014).
1355:Ecol Evol. 2(6): 1296–1303.
1310:Ballen; and Mojica (2014).
1036:Love in the Time of Cholera
818:) and habitat loss (such a
341: • location
315:1,528 km (949 mi)
248: • location
167: • location
10:
1627:
1578:Magdalena: River of Dreams
1064:Magdalena: River of Dreams
915:
640:
629:
533:Rio Grande de la Magdalena
373: • maximum
363: • minimum
353: • average
1398:Retrieved 12 August 2014.
1383:Retrieved 12 August 2014.
1339:Retrieved 12 August 2014.
1314:Zootaxa 3765(2): 134–142.
1301:Zootaxa 3641(4): 343–370.
1185:Sites Information Service
904:. Originally imported by
888:Dahl's toad-headed turtle
753:, including four endemic
570:
527:[ˈri.omaɣðaˈlena]
503:
499:
491:
483:
475:
466:
462:
430:
398:
390:
385:
381:
371:
361:
351:
339:
331:
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311:
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262:
246:
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220:
181:
165:
157:
153:
148:
87:
77:
72:
61:
49:
37:
32:
1611:Ramsar sites in Colombia
842:The Magdalena River and
632:Biodiversity of Colombia
432: • right
726:Potamotrygon magdalenae
700:Geophagus steindachneri
636:
400: • left
999:and thus with Europe.
979:Likewise, the Spanish
945:
884:Magdalena River turtle
732:Prochilodus magdalenae
655:
587:
558:Magdalena River Valley
532:
523:Spanish pronunciation:
518:
1552:"En el río Magdalena"
923:
826:(opened in 2015) and
687:Kronoheros umbriferus
650:
618:in the zone known as
578:
286:11.11667°N 74.85000°W
1411:Tumbaga 2(7): 61–76.
1019:Congress of Colombia
809:The most productive
307:0 m (0 ft)
205:1.93417°N 76.60806°W
130:Santa Cruz de Mompox
1241:2018Geomo.302...92R
997:Cartagena de Indias
985:Rodrigo de Bastidas
943:Ramón Torres Méndez
892:red-footed tortoise
864:West Indian manatee
778:(often included in
600:Cordillera Oriental
579:Magdalena River in
386:Basin features
291:11.11667; -74.85000
282: /
201: /
161:La Magdalena lagoon
1606:Rivers of Colombia
1334:2017-01-16 at the
1004:Magdalena Campaign
954:precolumbian times
946:
876:American crocodile
713:Panaque cochliodon
656:
608:nine degrees north
596:Cordillera Central
588:
492:Reference no.
210:1.93417; -76.60806
1329:Magdalena – Sinu.
1125:978-958-5489-12-7
1033:Much of the film
868:Magdalena tinamou
852:spectacled caiman
653:Villavieja, Huila
507:
506:
27:River in Colombia
16:(Redirected from
1618:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1550:Alfred Hettner.
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1510:
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1492:
1486:
1485:
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1463:
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1460:
1459:
1453:
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1438:
1432:
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1418:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1324:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1295:
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1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1152:. Archived from
1147:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1079:
1047:mountain range.
936:
933:
928:on the Magdalena
910:Hacienda Napoles
880:Colombian slider
738:Pseudoplatystoma
604:Huila Department
535:
530:; less commonly
529:
524:
433:
401:
374:
364:
354:
346:Calamar, Bolívar
342:
297:
296:
294:
293:
292:
287:
283:
280:
279:
278:
275:
223:
216:
215:
213:
212:
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206:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
184:
172:Colombian Massif
168:
65:Biblical figure
54:
42:
30:
29:
21:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1601:Magdalena River
1591:
1590:
1589:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1503:on May 11, 2016
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1343:
1336:Wayback Machine
1325:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
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1171:
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1156:
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1140:
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1115:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1031:
934:
918:
872:Todd's parakeet
840:
651:The river near
645:
639:
634:
628:
626:Flora and fauna
620:Bocas de Ceniza
614:at the city of
573:
522:
511:Magdalena River
471:
431:
399:
372:
362:
352:
340:
304:
290:
288:
284:
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125:Barrancabermeja
57:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1588:
1587:
1576:"Book review:
1568:
1542:
1514:
1487:
1464:
1433:
1413:
1400:
1385:
1370:
1357:
1341:
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1290:
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1218:
1197:
1169:
1131:
1124:
1099:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1030:
1027:
1008:Pierre Labatut
981:conquistadores
917:
914:
839:
836:
757:: The catfish
706:Ichthyoelephas
678:in 2013 and a
638:
635:
627:
624:
572:
569:
565:drainage basin
546:Mary Magdalene
536:) is the main
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
481:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:Ramsar Wetland
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
434:
428:
427:
402:
396:
395:
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388:
387:
383:
382:
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375:
369:
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359:
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328:
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321:
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266:
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228:
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224:
218:
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185:
179:
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146:
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137:
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127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
67:Mary Magdalene
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1582:The Economist
1579:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1532:on 2012-03-27
1531:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1475:
1468:
1454:on 2012-03-27
1450:
1443:
1437:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Geomorphology
1222:
1207:
1201:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1159:on 2012-03-25
1155:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1089:on 2012-03-15
1088:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:Simón Bolívar
1054:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1029:In mass media
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:In 1825, the
1015:
1013:
1012:Simón Bolívar
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:South America
944:
940:
929:
927:
922:
913:
911:
907:
906:Pablo Escobar
903:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:brown pelican
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:Other animals
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
776:
772:
768:
767:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
746:
741:
740:magdaleniatum
739:
734:
733:
728:
727:
722:
720:
715:
714:
709:
707:
702:
701:
696:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:
677:
676:
672:in 2013, two
671:
670:
665:
661:
654:
649:
644:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
612:Caribbean Sea
609:
605:
602:separate, in
601:
597:
593:
586:
582:
577:
568:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
528:
520:
519:Río Magdalena
516:
512:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
476:Official name
474:
470:
465:
461:
458:
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446:
442:
438:
435:
429:
426:
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418:
414:
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403:
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376:
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366:
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347:
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326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
300:
295:
267:
261:
258:
254:
251:
245:
242:
241:Caribbean Sea
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
219:
214:
186:
180:
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120:Puerto Berrío
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115:Puerto Boyacá
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19:
18:Rio Magdalena
1581:
1577:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1558:(in Spanish)
1555:
1545:
1534:. Retrieved
1530:the original
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1416:
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1210:. Retrieved
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1181:
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1161:. Retrieved
1154:the original
1149:
1143:"Chapter 14"
1111:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1077:
1063:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1032:
1016:
1001:
978:
973:
947:
924:
902:hippopotamus
896:
856:green iguana
841:
832:heavy metals
808:
785:
779:
775:Carlastyanax
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708:longirostris
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616:Barranquilla
589:
581:Cundinamarca
562:
552:, as far as
510:
508:
487:18 June 1998
253:Barranquilla
140:Barranquilla
1507:26 February
1258:10784/26918
935: 1860
766:Eremophilus
693:Ctenolucius
664:new species
660:Cauca River
391:Tributaries
289: /
208: /
1595:Categories
1562:2011-07-15
1536:2011-07-15
1458:2011-07-15
1427:2011-07-15
1235:: 92–105.
1212:2008-11-06
1163:2011-07-13
1093:2011-07-13
1070:References
1023:steamboats
960:. Several
844:its valley
787:Genycharax
769:, and the
760:Centrochir
681:Farlowella
669:Hemibrycon
641:See also:
630:See also:
594:subranges
484:Designated
320:Basin size
196:76°36′29″W
1041:Cartagena
824:El Quimbo
816:siltation
796:Maracaibo
771:characids
719:Pimelodus
675:Ancistrus
425:San Jorge
332:Discharge
277:74°51′0″W
110:La Dorada
62:Etymology
33:Magdalena
1332:Archived
1190:25 April
1118:. 2023.
939:aquatint
899:invasive
781:Astyanax
745:Salminus
542:Colombia
453:Sogamoso
274:11°7′0″N
257:Colombia
193:1°56′3″N
176:Colombia
135:Magangué
100:Girardot
82:Colombia
73:Location
1480:31 July
1237:Bibcode
958:Ecuador
926:Champán
916:History
828:Ituango
811:fishing
804:Orinoco
751:endemic
747:affinis
721:blochii
515:Spanish
437:Cabrera
413:La Miel
409:Saldaña
78:Country
1183:Ramsar
1122:
993:Bogotá
970:Muisca
966:Panche
848:páramo
800:Amazon
792:Atrato
784:) and
755:genera
695:hujeta
592:Andean
585:Tolima
571:Course
449:Carare
441:Bogotá
394:
335:
312:Length
158:Source
88:Cities
1476:. BBC
1452:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1157:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
1116:(PDF)
962:Carib
554:Honda
550:delta
538:river
457:Cesar
445:Negro
421:Cauca
236:Mouth
105:Honda
95:Neiva
1509:2018
1482:2017
1192:2018
1120:ISBN
1010:and
1002:The
974:Yuma
890:and
858:and
820:dams
794:and
763:and
742:and
637:Fish
598:and
563:Its
509:The
417:Nare
405:Páez
1580:".
1253:hdl
1245:doi
1233:302
1062:In
1006:of
941:by
540:of
495:951
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802:–
583:–
513:(
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