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considered a 'disaster' in the context of disaster planning as the incident likely can be dealt with as part of regular day-to-day business. Events considered 'disasters' in the context of disaster preparedness tend to be sudden or acute incidents with widespread and disruptive effects (such as natural disasters), which require a substantial redirection of resourcing from a normal business. The type of events included in an organisations disaster preparedness plan will depend on their risk appetite. Examples of disasters affecting cultural organisations and cultural heritage are given below using the '
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for identified scenarios. Other preparatory activities include creating and maintaining an inventory of the collection, identifying salvage priorities for different disaster scenarios, developing emergency telephone contact lists, identifying critical resources and contractors, and assembling useful disaster salvage equipment and supplies (e.g. spill kits, wet-dry vacuum cleaners, fans). Training for museum personnel is another key part of the preparation stage. Cultural organizations may also consider setting up a mobile laboratory such as the heritage ambulance set up by IAPH in
Seville.
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identify hazards to health and safety and to implement controls before recovery salvage work begins. For example, damaged structures may need to be stabilised before it is safe for salvage teams to enter. Collections and facilities may be contaminated with sewage, toxic chemicals or other hazardous substances. There may be electrical risks from damaged or exposed wiring. Salvage teams will also need safe, dry and warm rest areas and toilet facilities.
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damage has occurred. However, many of the sources of danger mentioned above are controllable, and others are at least predictable. Disaster preparedness strives to mitigate the occurrence of damage and deterioration through risk management, research and the implementation of procedures which enhance the safety of cultural heritage objects and collections. Disaster preparedness is considered an integral part of
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consultation with various stakeholders. Copies of disaster preparedness plan are kept in different locations within and outside of the museum, in case the emergency situation prevents access to the museum site. Training is an important part of a disaster preparedness plan, to ensure that staff are familiar with the contents of the plan and understand how to effectively carry out the established protocols.
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temperatures. Cultural heritage 'disasters' relating to extreme heat are typically those associated with fire, though extreme high temperatures can cause structural damage, desiccation of textiles, embrittlement of paint layers, and softening and melting of adhesives and plastics. Change in weather conditions may also cause low temperatures which can cause stiffening and embrittlement to collection items.
47:. 'Disasters' in this context may include large-scale natural events such as earthquakes, flooding or bushfire, as well as human-caused events such as theft and vandalism. Increasingly, anthropogenic climate change is a factor in cultural heritage disaster planning, due to rising sea levels, changes in rainfall patterns, warming average temperatures, and more frequent extreme weather events.
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includes details such as: floor plans and evacuation routes, emergency supply locations, contact information for emergency response team members and critical stakeholders, collection priority salvage lists, and locations that can be used for emergency salvage work or storage. In some countries and jurisdictions there may be official requirements for an emergency preparedness plan,
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closed cabinets reduces the chance of water damage should water leaks still occur. However, disaster preparedness is generally recognised as an ongoing process of planning, preparation, response and review in order to learn from disasters which do occur. The professions most influenced by disaster preparedness in this context include
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Many disaster recovery activities are limited by a lack of available resources and funding. Strategies to raise funds have included approaches to existing donors, 'adopt an artefact' campaigns where groups or individuals sponsor the conservation of damaged objects or exhibits, and fundraising events.
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are forces which act upon materials and cause them to change or deteriorate over time. There are commonly held to be ten main agents of deterioration. These are incorrect temperature, incorrect relative humidity, light, dust & pollutants (also called contaminants), pests, physical forces, theft
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Salvage activities are more effective if salvage priorities are established prior to the commencement of recovery activities, even before a disaster has even occurred. Priority salvage lists are a common component of disaster preparedness plans. Cultural organisations may prioritise objects based on
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Immediate action taken within the first few hours or days to stabilize the environment, assess the damage, and report conditions and recommendations may be considered the 'response' phase of the disaster. Contingency and communication strategies in the disaster preparedness plan are put into action.
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Regular monitoring of the temperature and relative humidity in collection spaces (storage and display) helps identify new trends or unusual occurrences - for example, if a sudden increase in relative humidity is detected early enough, it may be possible to correct the environment before mould growth
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To prepare for disasters, cultural organisations may conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential dangers to the collection or related organisational activities. This assessment is used to prepare both preventive maintenance programs (to prevent disasters from occurring) and response plans
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or dust storms. These types of hazards can cause extreme structural and object damage to museums and cultural heritage sites. Many such disasters have resulted in loss of life and livelihoods in addition to loss or damage to cultural heritage. Some types of natural disasters are becoming more likely
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Natural disasters are usually dictated by region and climate. They may be predictable to a degree (in that some geographic locations are known to be more prone to earthquakes, hurricanes etc.) but the exact timing and intensity of natural disasters is uncertain. Examples of natural disasters include
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The welfare of staff and visitors is the primary concern during an emergency, and their safety must be ensured first and foremost. The best response is executed by following the prescribed emergency response plan, remaining safe and calm, and acting deliberately. Risk assessments are recommended to
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to identify potential hazards and how they might be ameliorated. From this they will develop a disaster (or emergency) response plan that is tailored to the needs of their institution, taking into consideration factors like climate, location, and specific collection vulnerabilities. A response plan
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Contacting pre-approved engineers, disaster response and salvage organizations, and other service providers, to make them aware of the incident and potential requests for assistance (e.g. for transport, generators, new or interim security controls, drying systems (fans/air pumps), clean water, and
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Extreme forms of dissociation (separation of the physical item from the information that makes it significant) might include a critical loss of electronic data that cannot be retrieved, or the closure or sale of the collection (in parts or in its entirety) due to financial or political pressures.
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faces threats from a variety of sources on a daily basis, from thieves, vandals, and pests; to pollution, light, humidity, and temperature; to natural emergencies and physical forces. Effects stemming from these issues can be treated and sometimes reversed with interventive conservation after the
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The primary goal of disaster preparedness is to identify actions that can be taken to reduce either the chance of a disaster occurring or to lessen its effects. For example, clearing building gutters reduces the chance of overflow and leaks during heavy rainfall; storing collection objects inside
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Documentation of the incident and any damage caused before commencing salvage activities is an important part of the response stage. This helps with planning, reduces recovery time, and provides a record for insurance purposes and other reporting. Photographs showing where dislodged objects have
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Facilities management ensure gas, sewage, electricity and water services are well-maintained and compliant with local codes. They maintain any fire doors, fire detection and suppression systems and check the building regularly for fire risks. Emergency access routes are signposted and cleared of
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There are many online resources that specify how to stabilize and care for various object formats that have been damaged by material and condition. Activities may include protecting undamaged objects with plastic sheeting, packing damaged objects to move offsite (e.g. to a freezer, if they have
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The primary objectives of emergency planning are to identify risks in order to anticipate and, if possible, to avoid emergencies; to retain control when an emergency occurs; and to mitigate potential damage as quickly as possible. Disaster preparedness plans are usually created and reviewed in
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may be planned acts or opportunistic. There have been many high-profile cases of planned thefts from cultural organisations worldwide, though not all such events come to public notice; other thefts have occurred when normal security controls are interrupted, such as during building works, civil
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Most of these forces can vary in intensity and severity. For example, earthquakes are a type of physical force that can cause widespread and severe damage to cultural heritage. A handling accident, where a single item is dropped and damaged, is also an example of physical forces but may not be
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The disaster response team can use the information collected to discuss the next steps. These may include establishing salvage work areas, establishing personal protective equipment and hazardous substances mitigation requirements, recommendations for additional security controls, and triage
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is a major factor in the rate of chemical deterioration, higher average temperatures and fluctuations will cause cultural heritage to deteriorate at a faster rate. Biological deterioration from insects, mould (or mold) and micro-organisms may also occur more quickly as they thrive in higher
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The recovery phase begins when the disaster situation is brought under control and work to retrieve and treat damaged collection objects can begin. Plans developed during the response phase are put into action, and regularly reviewed and revised for as long as salvage operations continue.
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or material acquired by unethical means; political or social perspectives on activities undertaken by the governing body, a donor, or even the institution's founder; and wider societal economic pressures leading to the closure of collecting organisations due to loss of income.
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Periodically, museums will reevaluate their disaster preparedness plan to account for changes in contact numbers, locations or personnel, revised salvage priority lists, and other modifications impacting the institution's prevention, mitigation and preparedness strategy.
198:(RH) can cause damage to cultural heritage when it is too high, too low or fluctuates to widely or frequently for specific materials. On its own it is not typically a cause of 'disasters', though high humidity is a major factor in mould (or mold) outbreaks.
404:. They may not result in direct damage or loss to collection material but instead affect the reputation or operation of the organisation. For example, serious issues can be created due to funding or sponsorship scandals; misuse of funds; the presence of
202:(or mold) outbreaks are more often associated with flooding or water leaks, causing temporary increases in the moisture content of the air; however mould (or mold) caused by high humidity is an ongoing concern for cultural heritage in tropical climates.
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The
Emergency Preparedness and Response wiki, prepared by the American Institute for Conservation and including the Emergency Response and Salvage Wheel. The Wheel was previously available as an iPhone app but as of 2021 requires updating from 32-bit
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is a useful preparation strategy. A policy may specify the replacement value of objects owned by the museum and those loaned by other organisations, and cover building repairs, temporary offsite storage, clean-up operations and other costs incurred.
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Water-damaged records are air-dried through hanging at the Land
Registration Authority (Leyte, Philippines). Photo taken during the Society of Filipino Archivists' Assessment and Technical Assistance to records offices affected by Super
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Preparedness for personnel includes providing museum staff with emergency training and predetermined designated responsibilities. Trianing may take the form of 'desktop' walkthroughs of scenarios, quizzes, and hands-on salvage practice.
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Collection management teams ensure items are stored in a manner to prevent water, dust and pest ingress. Storage enclosures and furniture keeps collection objects at least 10 cm above the floor to reduce the risk from floodwaters.
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In an attempt to maintain control of any emergency, the policies and procedures in the emergency plan outline the chain of command, prescribed team roles and responsibilities, documentation requirements, and salvage priorities.
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Museums develop disaster (or emergency) preparedness plans for natural and man-made events that may be expected to occur. These plans are collection-focussed and separate to or a sub-component of wider organisational
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fallen can help to identify them later, based on their location. Documentation may need to be carried out under supervision of emergency services personnel, especially if the building is damaged or unstable.
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and perimeter markings), detect intrusions and monitor/record intruders (e.g. intruder alarms and CCTV systems) and trigger appropriate incident responses (e.g. by security guards and police).
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There are many high-profile examples of loss caused by such events. As well as the devastating injuries and loss of life, the destruction of the World Trade Centre building in New York on
110:& vandalism, fire, water, and dissociation or custodial neglect. It is important to recognize the type of damage each agent may present as well as ways to mitigate harmful effects.
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Though cultural damage is usually dwarfed by loss of life and humanitarian effects, examples of major earthquakes causing loss of historic buildings and moveable heritage include the
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damaging cultural heritage. Fire can cause internal and external damage to singular exhibits or of whole building depending on the cause and speed of responsiveness.
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crisis). Despite their focus on cultural heritage, collection disaster preparedness plans still emphasise the need to put human safety above collection safety.
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become wet), isolating items that have become mouldy, retrieving broken pieces that have become detached, setting up fans to dry objects that have become wet.
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in coastal areas, and rising sea levels. Disasters have also been caused by faulty pipe or sprinkler systems, and the improper use of water during cleaning.
233:. As examples, the Broadway Theatre Archive of 35,000 photographs was lost, as was one of the largest existing urban archaeological assemblages, that of the
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A conservator carefully handles a book. Preventive conservation protocols protect the lifespan of cultural objects while allowing them to be viewed safely.
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caused extensive damage to museums, temples, monasteries, libraries, and historic houses. Traditional craft practices were also disrupted by the quakes.
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1900:'Emergency Response and Recovery': Section 6. Buck, R., Gilmore, J., ed. (2010). Museum Registration Methods (5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press.
492:, published by the Heritage Collections Council in Australia and made available via the Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Materials
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Political, business, social, religious or media pressure groups may in some cases interfere with the operation of cultural organisations, leading to
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in locations that experience extreme weather conditions (rainfall, storms) is one relatively common type of disaster affecting cultural collections.
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Physical forces that may result in collection disasters include earthquakes, structural collapse of buildings, and damage caused by civil unrest and
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activities. Although many preventive measures are universal, certain measures are particularly useful in mitigating against collection disasters.
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area in nineteenth century New York. These losses are detailed in the 2002 report by the
Heritage Emergency National Task Force (HENTF),
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details the steps involved in creating a
Preservation Needs Assessment for a museum or gallery (National Library of Australia).
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Dust storms and excessive dust deposition due to building works or building collapse have caused damage to cultural heritage.
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a
Museums Victoria resource outlining how to develop conservation and disaster preparedness plans for community-run museums.
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Contacting the organisation's insurance company and agents with any available information and photographs of the incident.
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are also becoming more common due to the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Water damage may also occur due to
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A variety of templates and guides have been published to assist cultural organisations prepare for disasters:
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Buck, Rebecca; Gilmore, Jean (2010). MRM5: Museum
Registration Methods. Washington, D.C.: AAM Press. p. 363.
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short, focused leaflets discussing how to be prepared for an emergency and salvage artifacts by material.
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Contacting museum emergency response teams to notify them to be on standby (if not required immediately).
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are becoming more common and more extreme in many areas of the world due to the effects of anthropogenic
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The
National Trust manual of housekeeping : care and conservation of collections in historic houses
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to combat the impacts to culture and communities, as result of climate calamities, is on the agenda for
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resulted in the destruction of civic, business and non-profit archives, and library, archaeological and
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2018:
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To plan for and prevent disasters from occurring, cultural heritage organisations will often perform a
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Building recovery may occur concurrently by
Facilities, Security, and other custodial departments.
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Social media has increasingly played a major role in fundraising and mobilizing recovery efforts.
270:, New Zealand. Many churches were damaged or destroyed in these earthquakes, including paintings,
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1271:"Lost heritage Canterbury earthquakes | Lost heritage | Search the List | Heritage New Zealand"
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2007:
1637:(5th ed.). Washington, DC: AAM Press, American Association of Museums. pp. 351–369.
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Emergency
Response and Salvage Wheel nine categories of collections by material. Step by step!
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The health and safety of staff, visitors and emergency personal remain the highest priority.
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222:. Cultural heritage may be deliberately targeted during wartime due to their symbolic value.
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A variety of teams within a cultural organisation contribute to its upkeep and maintenance.
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plans, which focus on human safety and business continuity (including procedures related to
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1116:"Cataclysm and Challenge. Impact of September 11, 2001, on Our Nation's Cultural Heritage"
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Cataclysm and Challenge: Impact of September 11, 2001, on Our Nation's Cultural Heritage.
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Disaster preparedness in museums, galleries, libraries, archives and private collections
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Manual of Housekeeping: The Care of Collections in Historic Houses Open to the Public
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1558:"First Aid and Resilience for Cultural Heritage in Times of Crisis (FAR) Resources"
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in April 2019 that damaged priceless artefacts and the magnificent roof structure.
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anthropogenic climate change, placing many cultural heritage sites at greater risk
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standards, or other guidelines determined by the government or local authorities.
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Contacting organizations or private lenders with loaned items in affected spaces.
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attempts (e.g. in the presentation of exhibitions, or in recruitment processes).
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2015:
Discussions, recordings, and articles about emergency preparation and response.
1966:"Germany, G7 launch 'Global Shield' climate finance at COP27 – DW – 11/14/2022"
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Building an Emergency Plan: A Guide for Museums and Other Cultural Institutions
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506: : First Aid and Resilience for Cultural Heritage in Times of Crisis (FAR)
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989:
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2004:
Minnesota Historical Society; Emergency Preparedness and Recovery Plan (2007)
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1472:"Building an Emergency Plan: Guide for Museums & Cultural Institutions"
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Physical security systems deter potential intruders (e.g. warning signs,
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Office board with emergency planning, response, and salvage documents.
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their value, their vulnerability, and their prospects for recovery (
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dPlan, hosted by the North East Document Conservation Centre (NEDCC)
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Isuu.com, page 8., News in Brief, NiC, Issue 88 Feb-March 2022, IIC
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Overview Report of the Nepal Cultural Emergency Crowdmap Initiative
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1997:
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Not all risks to collections can be categorised according to the
252:
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1662:(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. p. 464.
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2087:
701:
271:
32:
1807:
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1067:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: The AAM Press. p. 374.
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1395:"The Notre Dame Fire Put Priceless Art and Artifacts at Risk"
371:
333:
279:
131:
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947:. London, U.K. & New York, N.Y.: Routledge. p. 32.
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Preparing and releasing a press release via a media liaison.
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Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
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International Council of Museums-Committee for Conservation
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was destroyed by fire in 2018. In 1992 a fire broke out at
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Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
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How to Develop a Conservation Plan for a Community Museum
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Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
486:, published by the Getty Conservation Institute in the US
317:, damaging several rooms and associated furnishings. The
219:
2545:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
1770:. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001.
1048:
Staniforth, Sarah (2006). "5: Agents of Deterioration".
3193:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
1245:"Italy Earthquake's Other Casualty – Cultural Heritage"
27:
Preserving and protecting cultural artifact collections
1088:
Institute, Canadian Conservation (22 September 2017).
906:
Institute, Canadian Conservation (14 September 2017).
1633:
Gilmore, Jean Allman (2010). Buck, Rebecca A. (ed.).
1016:
1863:(NPS Museum Handbook, Part I, 2000 PP 10:35 – 10:42)
1778:
1736:
Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems
1632:
1204:
Melbourne, Ben Rodin, University of (26 June 2017).
1041:
849:
https://www.doi.gov/museum/emergency-management-plan
1874:"National Park Service - Museum Management Program"
1709:"National Park Service - Museum Management Program"
1658:Malaro, Marie C.; DeAngelis, Ildiko Pogány (2012).
652:
Rescheduling any tour groups or other appointments.
1786:
362:Secured display cabinets at Chester Beatty Library
3198:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
2334:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
2149:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
1994:United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
1896:
1894:
1732:
864:. Canadian Conservation Institute. Archived from
3268:
3221:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
3211:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
3175:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
1340:"Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum"
351:were a pivotal moment in the development of the
3216:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
3188:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
1320:. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute
887:"AIC Definitions of Conservation Terminology".
3152:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
2309:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
2008:Disaster Response and Recovery resources links
1891:
1784:
1522:"Emergency Preparedness & Response - Wiki"
968:body., National Trust, issuing (2 June 2011).
205:
182:
2073:
1660:A legal primer on managing museum collections
1206:"Rebuilding cultural heritage after disaster"
431:
1450:. Washington, D.C.: AAM Press. p. 360.
1229:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1002:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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633:Liaising with first responders, such as fire
3277:Preservation (library and archival science)
1445:
1062:
1029:Museum Handbook, Part I: Museum Collections
1022:"Chapter 4: Museum Collections Environment"
717:
607:
568:
2717:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
2080:
2066:
1313:
1047:
598:
589:
266:, and the earthquakes of 2010 and 2011 in
2264:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
1203:
1113:
1087:
905:
819:"Natural vs anthropogenic climate change"
552:
278:contained within. The 2015 earthquake in
78:
2164:Conservation science (cultural property)
1739:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1–11.
1587:American Institute for Conservation Wiki
945:Risk Assessment for Objects Conservation
936:
681:
668:
435:
357:
289:
186:
31:
1774:from the original on 21 September 2013.
1767:Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security
1753:from the original on 21 September 2013.
1635:MRM5 : museum registration methods
1418:
1010:
847:(DOI museum /emergency-management plan
14:
3269:
2035:National Park Service Conserve-O-Grams
1945:Northeast Document Conservation Center
1508:Northeast Document Conservation Center
1314:Dorge, Valerie; Jones, Sharon (1999).
457:in order to protect the institution's
366:
251:were destroyed in an explosion set by
2061:
1607:Grow, Sharra, ed. (5 February 2022).
1583:"Emergency Preparedness and Response"
1446:Buck, Rebecca; Gilmore, Jean (2010).
1180:"The Death of the Buddhas of Bamiyan"
1063:Buck, Rebecca; Gilmore, Jean (2010).
967:
1606:
1419:Tremain, David (22 September 2017).
926:"Ten Agents of Deterioration - Wiki"
829:from the original on 4 December 2017
577:
1764:"Chapter 2: The Systems Approach".
24:
18:Risk management (cultural property)
2349:Preservation (library and archive)
1822:American Museum of Natural History
1346:. 6 September 2018. Archived from
1121:– via Heritage Preservation.
1052:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 51.
974:. Pavilion Books. pp. 81–91.
666:protocols for salvage treatments.
260:2013 Bohol, Philippines earthquake
213:
25:
3293:
2021:Field Guide to Emergency Response
1987:
1448:MRM5: Museum Registration Methods
1427:. Canadian Conservation Institute
629:Response activities may include:
379:protests, or even during acts of
97:museum integrated pest management
3203:Conservation-restoration of the
3079:Indigenous intellectual property
1919:"Disaster Response and Recovery"
1818:"Emergency Plan for Collections"
775:of library and archive materials
656:
321:in Paris suffered a devastating
3238:
2314:Inventory (library and archive)
2214:Cultural property documentation
1958:
1933:
1911:
1866:
1857:
1757:
1726:
1701:
1676:
1651:
1626:
1600:
1575:
1550:
1532:
1514:
1496:
1482:
1464:
1439:
1421:"Agent of Deterioration: Water"
1412:
1387:
1362:
1332:
1288:
1263:
1237:
1197:
1172:
1146:
1107:
1081:
1056:
943:Ashley-Smith, Jonathan (1999).
386:
191:A cloud forest and a hygrometer
2712:Bone, horn, and antler objects
2254:Digital photograph restoration
2047:Preservation Needs Assessments
961:
918:
899:
880:
854:
841:
811:
510:
395:
296:National Museum of Brazil fire
274:, furniture, manuscripts, and
162:
13:
1:
2897:South Asian household shrines
2595:Reconstruction (architecture)
2525:Cultural property radiography
2482:Registrar (cultural property)
2234:Cultural resources management
2194:Collections management system
891:. CoOL: Conservation OnLine.
823:Energy Education Encyclopedia
804:
532:
3166:Conservation-restoration of
3157:Conservation-restoration of
2530:Detachment of wall paintings
2304:Intangible cultural heritage
2219:Cultural property exhibition
2204:Cultural heritage management
2023:by the Heritage Preservation
1370:"The fire at Windsor Castle"
862:"10 Agents of Deterioration"
519:
7:
2610:Transfer of panel paintings
2013:"Connecting to Collections"
1158:American Libraries Magazine
1065:Museum Registration Methods
740:
677:
616:
447:operational risk management
302:There are many examples of
206:Contamination or pollutants
183:Incorrect Relative Humidity
10:
3298:
3074:Heritage language learning
2344:Optical media preservation
1733:Garcia, Mary Lynn (2007).
1504:"PRR Guides and Resources"
784:Integrated pest management
484:Building an emergency plan
432:Disaster preparedness plan
3142:
3114:Oral history preservation
2955:
2684:
2628:
2495:
2397:
2229:Cultural property storage
2224:Cultural property imaging
2099:
2053:Blue Shield International
1684:"Preventive Conservation"
1526:www.conservation-wiki.com
930:www.conservation-wiki.com
908:"Agents of deterioration"
472:should also be included.
311:National Museum of Brazil
262:, the 2016 earthquake in
245:Bamiyan Buddha sculptures
3161:by ElĂas GarcĂa MartĂnez
2379:Sustainable preservation
1544:www.culturalheritage.org
1114:Hargraves, Ruth (2002).
718:Funding recovery efforts
608:Plan review and revision
569:Environmental monitoring
524:A detailed and flexible
502:Resources from ICCROM's
406:looted cultural property
328:
243:In 2001 two six-century
3119:Preservation of meaning
3104:Language revitalization
2772:Illuminated manuscripts
2550:Historic paint analysis
2442:Conservation technician
2244:Deaccessioning (museum)
2184:Collections maintenance
2109:Agents of deterioration
1941:"Funding Opportunities"
1785:Anderson, Ross (2001).
1425:Agents of Deterioration
1090:"Incorrect temperature"
599:Policies and procedures
590:Resources and personnel
543:collections maintenance
402:agents of deterioration
353:conservation profession
285:
155:and more severe due to
146:and their aftershocks,
116:agents of deterioration
107:Agents of deterioration
89:collections maintenance
3129:Tradition preservation
2782:Iron and steel objects
2671:Outdoor bronze objects
2615:UVC-based preservation
2472:Photograph conservator
2437:Conservation scientist
2189:Collections management
2119:Archaeological science
2019:Where to purchase the
2000:Knowledge Base portal.
1609:"News in Conservation"
1134:Cite journal requires
752:Collections management
692:
674:
553:Preventive maintenance
441:
363:
338:Extreme weather events
299:
192:
93:collections management
79:Categories of disaster
37:
3250:www.preventionweb.net
3134:Traditional knowledge
3099:Language preservation
2707:Ancient Greek pottery
2605:Textile stabilization
2467:Paintings conservator
2354:Preservation metadata
2239:Database preservation
2093:historic preservation
2028:28 April 2014 at the
1921:. Conservation-us.org
1184:Middle East Institute
1018:National Park Service
685:
672:
439:
361:
293:
276:stained glass windows
190:
118:' category headings.
53:conservator-restorers
35:
2922:Time-based media art
2732:Copper-based objects
2646:Archaeological sites
2575:Mass deacidification
2520:Cradling (paintings)
2432:Conservator-restorer
2259:Digital preservation
1789:Security Engineering
799:Emergency management
779:Digital preservation
768:Conservator-restorer
455:crisis communication
349:1966 Florence Floods
319:Notre Dame Cathedral
3226:World Heritage Site
3089:Indigenous language
2989:Endangered language
2887:Shipwreck artifacts
2867:Photographic plates
2817:Musical instruments
2570:Lining of paintings
2487:Textile conservator
2462:Objects conservator
2452:Exhibition designer
2359:Preservation survey
2284:Found in collection
2174:Collection (museum)
2144:Calendar (archives)
2114:Archival processing
1528:. 18 December 2023.
1490:"Disaster Planning"
1275:www.heritage.org.nz
367:Theft and vandalism
101:museum environments
57:collection managers
3084:Indigenous culture
2427:Collection manager
2324:Media preservation
2319:Inventory (museum)
2179:Collection catalog
1828:on 3 November 2019
1251:. 9 September 2016
1160:. 1 September 2021
932:. 29 October 2020.
732:green climate fund
693:
675:
646:freezer services).
442:
364:
300:
193:
150:or wildfires, and
95:and is related to
38:
3234:
3233:
3183:Pompeian frescoes
3069:Heritage language
2959:cultural heritage
2747:Flags and banners
2692:cultural property
2656:Heritage railways
2636:cultural property
2585:Paleo-inspiration
2269:Film preservation
2209:Cultural property
2199:Cultural heritage
2089:Cultural heritage
1906:978-1-933253-15-2
1852:978-1-933253-15-2
1800:978-0-471-38922-4
1669:978-1-58834-322-2
1644:978-1-933253-15-2
1457:978-1-933253-15-2
981:978-1-907892-18-9
868:on 27 August 2011
825:. 14 April 2018.
794:Disaster response
789:Disaster recovery
584:security lighting
578:Security measures
470:contingency plans
451:crisis management
298:in September 2018
227:11 September 2001
196:Relative Humidity
84:Cultural property
73:quality assurance
45:cultural property
16:(Redirected from
3289:
3282:Collections care
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3170:by Thomas Eakins
3168:The Gross Clinic
3064:Folklore studies
2974:Applied folklore
2947:Wooden furniture
2942:Wooden artifacts
2937:Woodblock prints
2917:Tibetan thangkas
2777:Insect specimens
2666:Outdoor artworks
2661:Historic gardens
2294:Heritage science
2082:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2058:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:. Archived from
1814:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1730:
1724:
1723:
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1085:
1079:
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916:
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896:
884:
878:
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875:
873:
858:
852:
845:
839:
838:
836:
834:
815:
691:(Yolanda), 2013.
541:should dovetail
526:insurance policy
463:public relations
21:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3177:The Last Supper
3144:
3138:
3124:Primitive music
3034:Folk instrument
3009:Family folklore
2999:Ethnomusicology
2994:Ethnochoreology
2961:
2958:
2951:
2872:Plastic objects
2857:Performance art
2842:Panel paintings
2837:Painting frames
2802:Leather objects
2722:Ceramic objects
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:and restoration
2687:
2680:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:and restoration
2631:
2624:
2590:Paper splitting
2505:Aging (artwork)
2497:
2491:
2477:Preservationist
2399:
2393:
2249:Digital library
2101:
2095:
2086:
2030:Wayback Machine
1990:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1899:
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1858:
1845:
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1831:
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1816:
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1808:
1801:
1783:
1779:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:on 2 March 2021
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1303:. ICCROM. 2015.
1300:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1154:"What Was Lost"
1152:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1015:
1011:
995:
994:
982:
966:
962:
955:
941:
937:
924:
923:
919:
904:
900:
889:WAAC Newsletter
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
846:
842:
832:
830:
817:
816:
812:
807:
747:Risk management
743:
728:climate finance
720:
680:
659:
619:
610:
601:
592:
580:
571:
555:
535:
522:
513:
434:
398:
389:
369:
331:
288:
231:art collections
216:
214:Physical forces
208:
185:
165:
81:
68:risk assessment
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3264:
3263:
3252:. 10 June 2021
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3109:Living history
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Language death
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Folk etymology
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Dance notation
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:Silver objects
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2676:Outdoor murals
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Rissverklebung
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2515:Arrested decay
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2498:and techniques
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
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2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Heritage asset
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Bioarchaeology
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2016:
2010:
2001:
1989:
1988:External links
1986:
1983:
1982:
1957:
1932:
1910:
1890:
1865:
1856:
1839:
1806:
1799:
1777:
1756:
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1236:
1196:
1171:
1145:
1136:|journal=
1106:
1080:
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895:(2). May 1996.
879:
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689:Typhoon Haiyan
679:
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414:selection bias
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3039:Folk medicine
3037:
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3027:
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3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
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2995:
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2969:Ancient music
2967:
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2902:Stained glass
2900:
2898:
2895:
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2885:
2883:
2882:Road vehicles
2880:
2878:
2877:Rail vehicles
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:New media art
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Ivory objects
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Human remains
2765:
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3249:
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3167:
3158:
3049:Folk process
3004:Ethnopoetics
2962:preservation
2822:Neon objects
2695:by item type
2686:Conservation
2639:by item type
2630:Conservation
2580:Overpainting
2540:Display case
2369:Repatriation
2263:
2020:
1973:. Retrieved
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1948:. Retrieved
1944:
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1913:
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1826:the original
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872:18 September
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
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822:
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773:Preservation
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664:
660:
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547:preservation
539:preparedness
536:
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387:Dissociation
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342:storm surges
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268:Christchurch
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242:
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224:
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209:
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3256:17 November
3205:H.L. Hunley
2984:Early music
2932:Vinyl discs
2927:Totem poles
2862:Photographs
2807:Lighthouses
2797:Lacquerware
2752:Fur objects
2690:of movable
2620:VisualAudio
2565:Leafcasting
2510:Anastylosis
2457:Mount maker
2417:Art handler
2274:Finding aid
2124:Archaeology
1975:17 November
1950:10 November
1618:16 November
1567:17 November
1404:17 November
1379:12 November
1354:12 November
1280:12 November
1255:12 November
1215:12 November
1189:12 November
1164:12 November
1099:10 November
833:10 November
757:Collections
561:obstacles.
511:Preparation
490:Be prepared
396:Other risks
249:Afghanistan
235:Five Points
176:temperature
163:Temperature
144:earthquakes
3271:Categories
3044:Folk music
3024:Folk dance
2957:Intangible
2555:Inpainting
2422:Auctioneer
2412:Art dealer
2364:Provenance
2169:Collecting
2102:and issues
1832:2 November
1592:2 November
1374:www.rct.uk
1324:2 November
990:1114786445
805:References
759:in museums
537:Emergency
533:Prevention
459:reputation
426:censorship
418:propaganda
152:sandstorms
140:landslides
124:hurricanes
61:registrars
3159:Ecce Homo
3054:Folk play
2907:Taxidermy
2852:Parchment
2832:Paintings
2407:Archivist
1879:. Nps.gov
1793:. Wiley.
1714:. Nps.gov
1540:"ERS App"
998:cite book
520:Insurance
383:and war.
381:terrorism
376:vandalism
168:Heatwaves
148:bushfires
136:blizzards
3246:"Themes"
3145:projects
3059:Foodways
3019:Folk art
3014:Folklore
2912:Textiles
2762:Herbaria
2737:Feathers
2702:Aircraft
2560:Kintsugi
2384:Treasure
2026:Archived
1996:(UNDRR)
1772:Archived
1751:Archived
1225:cite web
1034:29 April
1020:(1998),
827:Archived
741:See also
726:Raising
678:Recovery
617:Response
574:occurs.
468:Various
334:Flooding
272:frescoes
255:forces.
128:tornados
3143:Notable
2847:Papyrus
2792:Judaica
2651:Frescos
2496:Methods
2447:Curator
2129:Archive
1925:1 March
1883:1 March
1718:1 March
1693:3 April
1344:Science
1210:Pursuit
499:format.
253:Taliban
2812:Metals
2727:Clocks
2339:Museum
2329:Midden
2100:Topics
1970:dw.com
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702:triage
132:floods
91:, and
59:, and
2398:Roles
2374:Ruins
2279:Fonds
1877:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1431:8 May
1301:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
372:Theft
329:Water
280:Nepal
264:Italy
200:Mould
174:. As
3258:2022
2742:Film
2139:Book
2091:and
2006:and
1977:2022
1952:2021
1927:2015
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1848:ISBN
1834:2019
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1741:ISBN
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1356:2021
1326:2019
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1257:2021
1231:link
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1191:2021
1166:2021
1140:help
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1069:ISBN
1036:2014
1004:link
986:OCLC
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