31:, who took the stock figure of "a ragged tramp, a common thief with tattered frock coat patched pants" and transformed him during his performances into "the dapper confidence man, the financial schemer, the juggler of joint-stock companies" that could serve to lampoon financial speculation and government corruption.
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played the role as a comic figure instead. Violating all the conventions of its genre, it became a comic success and ran for a hundred performances. The transformation violated social standards that demanded crime be treated with seriousness and expected criminals to be punished appropriately. The
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is a fictional character, an unscrupulous swindler, who appears in a number of French plays, films, and other works of art. In French culture he represents an archetypal villain. He was principally the creation of an actor,
173:
Before Lemaître created his politically charged
Macaire character, the name Robert Macaire was associated with a figure in a 14th-century legend who was required to engage in trial-by-combat with a dog. A melodrama called
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premiered in Paris on 18 June 1814 and ran until 1834. It was translated into
English and German. In an English-language compendium of oddities published in 1869, Macaire murders a man in the forest of
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play was soon banned, and representations of the character of
Macaire were banned time and again until the 1880s. Lemaître used the character again in a sequel he co-authored titled
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identified
Macaire with a variety of contemporary social types, all involved in "shady schemes for instant wealth", and especially
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120:. It premiered in London in 1885. It had a considerable success. Its first New York production ran for 571 performances.
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Messieurs les étudians, / S'en vont à la Chaumière, / Pour y danser l'cancan, / Et la Robert-Macaire !
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orders a trial by combat and the dog defeats
Macaire, which leads to Macaire's conviction and hanging.
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Caricature and French
Political Culture 1830-1848: Charles Philipon and the Illustrated Press
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94:(1806-1881), a businessman who promoted his financial adventures through his own newspaper,
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Film and
Community in Britain and France: From La Regle du Jeu to Room at the Top
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on the outskirts of Paris. The only witness to survive in the victim's dog. King
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1841 et 1941, ou aujourd'hui et dans cent ans, revue fantastique en deux actes
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55:, a serious-minded melodrama. After the work's failure at its 1823 premiere,
100:. Daumier also published a series of a hundred lithographs of Macaire in
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486:(Plays Submitted to the Lord Chamberlain ed.). p. 55.
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was the name of a popular dance, mentioned along with the
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French cuisine includes a vegetarian potato dish called
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The Book of Days: A Miscellany of
Popular Antiquities
51:, created the character Robert Macaire in the play
458:"Holiday Classics to Give the Cook a Magic Touch"
548:
481:
73:Robert Macaire; or, The French Bandit in England
246:Popular Theatres of Nineteenth Century France
123:Two silent films used the character Macaire:
280:The Oxford Handbook of European Romanticism
177:Le Chien de Montargis, ou la ForĂŞt de Bondy
482:Barrymore, William; Fawcett, John (1814).
428:Cognard Frères and Théodore Muret (1841).
373:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–2.
168:
242:
148:as Lemaître playing the role of Macaire.
497:Chambers, Robert (1869). "October 8th".
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484:Murder Will Out, or The Dog of Montargis
317:. Oxford University Press. p. 270.
283:. Oxford University Press. p. 765.
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557:Literary characters introduced in 1823
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116:on an English translation of the play
562:Theatre characters introduced in 1823
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314:British Writers and Paris: 1830-1875
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43:(1787–1870), with two collaborators
456:Franey, Pierre (18 December 1985).
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144:(1945), set in the 1830s, presents
71:authored a penny dreadful entitled
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69:George William MacArthur Reynolds
434:(in French). Lacombe. p. 22
215:. New York: Dover Publications.
132:The Adventures of Robert Macaire
537:Les Aventures de Robert Macaire
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346:"Physiologie du Robert-Macaire"
86:(1797–1849) and illustrated by
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212:Daumier, 120 Great Lithographs
16:For the British diplomat, see
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587:Male characters in literature
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80:Physiologie du Robert-Macaire
348:. Museum of Fine Arts Boston
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400:. I.B. Tauris. p. 65.
126:Robert Macaire and Bertrand
64:, first presented in 1835.
34:
10:
608:
582:Male characters in theatre
526:Robert Macaire et Bertrand
249:. Routledge. p. 106.
209:Ramus, Charles F. (1978).
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577:Comedy theatre characters
394:Butler, Margaret (2004).
18:Robert Macaire (diplomat)
243:McCormick, John (1993).
592:Fictional French people
367:Kerr, David S. (2000).
311:Jay, Elizabeth (2016).
277:Hamilton, Paul (2016).
169:Earlier use of the name
163:pommes de terre Macaire
104:between 1836 and 1842.
141:Les Enfants du Paradis
110:based his comic opera
84:Pierre-Joseph Rousseau
53:l'Auberge des Adrets
572:Fictional criminals
67:The British author
82:(1842) written by
57:Frédérick Lemaître
29:Frédérick Lemaître
567:Fictional outlaws
380:978-0-19-154304-3
324:978-0-19-107474-5
290:978-0-19-969638-3
158:in an 1841 play.
152:La Robert-Macaire
108:Edward Jakobowski
92:Émile de Girardin
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438:14 February
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228:21 February
129:(1906) and
45:Saint-Amand
39:Playwright
551:Categories
193:References
330:8 January
187:Charles V
102:Charivari
97:La Presse
78:The book
49:Polyanthe
135:(1925).
75:(1839).
35:Creation
113:Erminie
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156:cancan
183:Bondy
542:IMDb
531:IMDb
508:2016
469:2016
440:2017
415:2016
402:ISBN
375:ISBN
354:2016
332:2017
319:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.