301:, although he continued to work in the Cambridge Biochemistry Department. Hill continued to receive most of his recognition for his earlier work on photosynthesis, and beginning in the late 1950s, his work concentrated on the energetics of photosynthesis. In collaboration with Fay Bendall, he made his second great contribution to photosynthesis research with the discovery of the 'Z scheme' of electron transport.
33:
360:
which explain the physiological function of the pigment. He also determined the structure and properties of several haematin compounds thereby aiding the study of their catalytic activities. He discovered a new approach to the biochemical study of photosynthesis which enabled him to demonstrate and
1034:
315:
and cultivated plants such as madder and woad. He painted watercolours using pigments he himself extracted. In the 1920s, he developed a fish-eye camera and used it to take stereoscopic whole-sky images, recording cloud patterns in three dimensions.
1536:
304:
Hill retired from the ARC in 1966, although his research at
Cambridge continued until his death in 1991. In his later years Hill worked on the issue of the application of the
1069:
819:
333:
340:
Distinguished for his research on
Haemoglobin and Photosynthesis. He was the first to demonstrate the reconstruction of haemoglobin from its components:
377:" obtained with intact green cells in presence of CO2, and it led him to formulate an interesting working hypothesis of the mechanism of photosynthesis.
1521:
1062:
1556:
353:
1055:
1541:
1546:
298:
1531:
1516:
965:
455:
Walker, D. A.; Hill, R (1967). "The relation of oxygen evolution to carbon assimilation with isolated chloroplasts".
1195:
538:
Walker, David Alan (2002). "'And whose bright presence' – an appreciation of Robert Hill and his reaction".
1551:
1526:
305:
290:. In 1932, he commenced work on plant biochemistry, focusing on photosynthesis and the oxygen evolution of
252:
774:; Bendall, F. (1960). "Function of the Two Cytochrome Components in Chloroplasts: A Working Hypothesis".
248:
122:
1355:
374:
982:
1179:
213:
271:
In 1922, he joined the
Department of Biochemistry at Cambridge, where he was directed to research
1435:
1171:
1147:
325:
88:
928:
494:
1307:
1511:
1506:
1347:
887:
783:
737:
697:
647:
601:
8:
1259:
891:
787:
741:
701:
651:
605:
1475:
1227:
1002:
911:
799:
663:
617:
571:
517:
437:
349:
957:
749:
1483:
1331:
1243:
1155:
961:
948:
Bendall, D.S. (1971). " Cytochrome components in chloroplasts of the higher plants".
903:
753:
725:
563:
555:
490:
472:
468:
429:
169:
165:
1395:
1006:
915:
667:
575:
521:
441:
275:. He published a number of papers on haemoglobin, and in 1926 he began to work with
216:
of photosynthesis. He also made significant contributions to the development of the
1299:
1131:
994:
953:
895:
824:
803:
791:
745:
705:
655:
621:
609:
547:
509:
464:
421:
209:
866:
836:
1467:
1291:
1163:
1115:
851:
329:
260:
256:
1047:
1020:
1411:
1387:
1371:
1339:
1275:
1211:
1107:
828:
370:
366:
232:
224:
201:
60:
638:; Scarisbrick, R. (1940). "Production of Oxygen by Illuminated Chloroplasts".
551:
513:
1500:
1451:
1419:
1283:
1267:
1235:
1139:
1123:
559:
433:
197:
185:
101:
1443:
1427:
1323:
1251:
1219:
1203:
1091:
1078:
998:
907:
757:
710:
685:
567:
425:
386:
287:
276:
228:
193:
155:
134:
106:
64:
32:
476:
1459:
1403:
1187:
867:
Archives Hub, Papers and correspondence of Robert (Robin) Hill, 1899-1991
382:
362:
312:
291:
128:
817:
Mabberley, D. J. (2004). "The Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography".
1363:
1315:
1099:
899:
272:
795:
659:
613:
357:
240:
412:
Bendall, D. S. (1994). "Robert Hill. 2 April 1899 – 15 March 1991".
348:. This was the first case of the splitting and reconstruction of a
345:
217:
284:
244:
236:
932:
341:
205:
878:
Prince, R. C. (1992). "Robert Hill, FRS; his published work".
280:
1038:
952:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 23. pp. 327–344.
690:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1537:
Foreign associates of the
National Academy of Sciences
987:
Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
414:
Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
592:(1937). "Oxygen Evolved by Isolated Chloroplasts".
457:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics
294:, leading to the discovery of the 'Hill reaction'.
1077:
373:was found by him to have the same properties as "
332:in 1990, was named after him. Hill was elected a
1498:
728:(2002). "The Z-scheme – down hill all the way".
223:407 Hill was born in New Milverton, a suburb of
849:
634:
361:to measure the evolution of oxygen by isolated
1063:
823:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
533:
531:
365:exposed to light in the complete absence of
259:he served in the Anti-gas Department of the
1037:. London: The Royal Society. Archived from
983:"Robert Hill, 2 April 1899 - 15 March 1991"
770:
1070:
1056:
686:"Oxygen Produced by Isolated Chloroplasts"
454:
31:
816:
709:
528:
334:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1946
297:From 1943, Hill's work was funded by the
188:(2 April 1899 – 15 March 1991), known as
980:
947:
820:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
411:
1499:
922:
877:
724:
537:
489:
1522:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
1051:
1027:
407:
405:
403:
401:
336:, his certificate of election reads:
319:
850:Hill, R.; Whittingham, C.P. (1953).
810:
680:
588:
352:. He determined the properties and
299:Agricultural Research Council (ARC)
13:
950:Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Part A
495:"Tell me where all past years are"
398:
14:
1568:
1557:People educated at Bedales School
324:The Robert Hill Institute at the
235:, where he became interested in
196:who, in 1939, demonstrated the '
1013:
974:
941:
871:
860:
843:
1542:Recipients of the Copley Medal
764:
718:
674:
628:
582:
483:
448:
1:
1547:Researchers of photosynthesis
958:10.1016/S0076-6879(71)23109-8
750:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02242-2
392:
1532:Fellows of the Royal Society
837:UK public library membership
469:10.1016/0005-2728(67)90146-6
328:, from which he received an
306:Second Law of Thermodynamics
220:of oxygenic photosynthesis.
7:
1021:"Sign in - Google Accounts"
249:Emmanuel College, Cambridge
10:
1573:
1517:People from Leamington Spa
1356:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1086:
1035:"EC/1946/12 Hill, Robert"
929:Robin Hill's publications
266:
243:(he published a paper on
176:
161:
151:
144:
115:
94:
84:
72:
42:
30:
23:
1180:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
935:bibliographic database.
1436:Frederick Charles Frank
1148:John Edensor Littlewood
981:Bendall, D. S. (1994).
937:(subscription required)
880:Photosynthesis Research
730:Trends in Plant Science
552:10.1023/A:1020479620680
540:Photosynthesis Research
514:10.1023/A:1005798803998
502:Photosynthesis Research
326:University of Sheffield
89:University of Cambridge
999:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0033
829:10.1093/ref:odnb/49777
711:10.1098/rspb.1939.0017
426:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0033
379:
371:photochemical reaction
1308:Robert Burns Woodward
338:
231:. He was educated at
214:light requiring steps
1348:Rodney Robert Porter
311:He was an expert on
1552:Royal Medal winners
1527:English biochemists
1260:Nevill Francis Mott
892:1992PhoRe..34..329P
788:1960Natur.186..136H
742:2002TPS.....7..183W
702:1939RSPSB.127..192H
652:1940Natur.146...61H
606:1937Natur.139..881H
381:He was awarded the
308:to photosynthesis.
1476:John Maynard Smith
1228:Tadeusz Reichstein
900:10.1007/BF00029806
856:. London: Methuen.
369:. This remarkable
354:dissociation curve
350:conjugated protein
320:Awards and honours
1494:
1493:
1332:Peter D. Mitchell
1244:Alexander R. Todd
1156:Macfarlane Burnet
1079:Copley Medallists
835:(Subscription or
782:(4719): 136–137.
600:(3525): 881–882.
385:in 1963, and the
180:
179:
170:David Alan Walker
166:Frederick Whatley
146:Scientific career
1564:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1300:Frederick Sanger
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1132:Patrick Blackett
1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1010:
978:
972:
971:
945:
939:
938:
926:
920:
919:
875:
869:
864:
858:
857:
847:
841:
840:
832:
814:
808:
807:
796:10.1038/186136a0
768:
762:
761:
722:
716:
715:
713:
696:(847): 192–210.
678:
672:
671:
660:10.1038/146061a0
632:
626:
625:
614:10.1038/139881a0
586:
580:
579:
535:
526:
525:
499:
487:
481:
480:
452:
446:
445:
409:
253:Natural Sciences
251:, where he read
194:plant biochemist
192:, was a British
162:Notable students
79:
67:, United Kingdom
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1468:James Lighthill
1466:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1428:James D. Watson
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1292:Dorothy Hodgkin
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1164:Harold Jeffreys
1162:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1116:E. T. Whittaker
1114:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1046:
1041:on 8 July 2019.
1033:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
979:
975:
968:
946:
942:
936:
931:indexed by the
927:
923:
876:
872:
865:
861:
848:
844:
834:
815:
811:
769:
765:
723:
719:
679:
675:
646:(3689): 61–62.
633:
629:
587:
583:
536:
529:
497:
488:
484:
453:
449:
410:
399:
395:
330:honorary degree
322:
269:
261:Royal Engineers
257:First World War
204:, proving that
168:
140:
111:
85:Alma mater
77:
68:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
37:Robert Hill FRS
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1484:Alan Battersby
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1412:Sydney Brenner
1408:
1400:
1396:César Milstein
1392:
1388:Michael Atiyah
1384:
1376:
1372:Rudolf Peierls
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1340:John Cornforth
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1276:W. V. D. Hodge
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1212:Lawrence Bragg
1208:
1200:
1196:Sydney Chapman
1192:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1108:Albert Kluyver
1104:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1012:
973:
966:
940:
921:
870:
859:
853:Photosynthesis
842:
809:
763:
736:(4): 183–185.
717:
673:
627:
581:
546:(1/3): 51–54.
527:
482:
447:
396:
394:
391:
375:light reaction
321:
318:
268:
265:
247:in 1917), and
233:Bedales School
225:Leamington Spa
202:photosynthesis
178:
177:
174:
173:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
142:
141:
139:
138:
132:
126:
119:
117:
113:
112:
110:
109:
104:
98:
96:
95:Known for
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
80:(aged 91)
74:
70:
69:
61:Leamington Spa
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1569:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:Alan Cottrell
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:George Porter
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:Francis Crick
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Andrew Huxley
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Peter Medawar
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Howard Florey
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:Ronald Fisher
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
969:
967:9780121818869
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
934:
930:
925:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:(3): 329–32.
885:
881:
874:
868:
863:
855:
854:
846:
838:
830:
826:
822:
821:
813:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
767:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:Walker, D. A.
721:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
534:
532:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
496:
492:
491:Walker, D. A.
486:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:
406:
404:
402:
397:
390:
388:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
337:
335:
331:
327:
317:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
295:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
264:
262:
258:
255:. During the
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Hill reaction
195:
191:
187:
184:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
118:
114:
108:
105:
103:
102:Hill reaction
100:
99:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
76:15 March 1991
75:
71:
66:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1444:Frank Fenner
1379:
1324:Derek Barton
1252:Norman Pirie
1220:Bernard Katz
1204:Alan Hodgkin
1092:David Keilin
1039:the original
1029:
1015:
990:
986:
976:
949:
943:
924:
883:
879:
873:
862:
852:
845:
818:
812:
779:
775:
771:
766:
733:
729:
720:
693:
689:
681:
676:
643:
639:
635:
630:
597:
593:
589:
584:
543:
539:
505:
501:
485:
463:(2): 330–8.
460:
456:
450:
417:
413:
387:Copley Medal
380:
363:chloroplasts
339:
323:
313:natural dyes
310:
303:
296:
292:chloroplasts
288:cytochrome c
277:David Keilin
270:
229:Warwickshire
222:
189:
182:
181:
156:Biochemistry
145:
135:Copley Medal
107:Hill reagent
78:(1991-03-15)
65:Warwickshire
57:2 April 1899
18:
1512:1991 deaths
1507:1899 births
1460:Hugh Huxley
1404:Abdus Salam
1188:Paul Fildes
1081:(1951–2000)
993:: 141–170.
420:: 142–170.
383:Royal Medal
283:containing
273:haemoglobin
212:during the
183:Robert Hill
129:Royal Medal
47:Robert Hill
25:Robert Hill
1501:Categories
1380:Robin Hill
1364:Aaron Klug
1316:Max Perutz
1172:Hans Krebs
1100:Paul Dirac
839:required.)
393:References
190:Robin Hill
53:1899-04-02
560:0166-8595
434:0080-4606
389:in 1987.
358:myoglobin
241:astronomy
172:(postdoc)
1007:73043184
916:20861602
908:24408827
772:Hill, R.
758:11950615
684:(1939).
682:Hill, R.
668:35967623
636:Hill, R.
590:Hill, R.
576:21567780
568:16245102
522:10337431
493:(1997).
442:73043184
346:haematin
245:sunspots
218:Z-scheme
888:Bibcode
804:4225589
784:Bibcode
738:Bibcode
698:Bibcode
648:Bibcode
622:4095025
602:Bibcode
508:: 3–4.
477:6049483
285:protein
279:on the
237:biology
210:evolved
1486:(2000)
1478:(1999)
1470:(1998)
1462:(1997)
1454:(1996)
1446:(1995)
1438:(1994)
1430:(1993)
1422:(1992)
1414:(1991)
1406:(1990)
1398:(1989)
1390:(1988)
1382:(1987)
1374:(1986)
1366:(1985)
1358:(1984)
1350:(1983)
1342:(1982)
1334:(1981)
1326:(1980)
1318:(1979)
1310:(1978)
1302:(1977)
1294:(1976)
1286:(1975)
1278:(1974)
1270:(1973)
1262:(1972)
1254:(1971)
1246:(1970)
1238:(1969)
1230:(1968)
1222:(1967)
1214:(1966)
1206:(1965)
1198:(1964)
1190:(1963)
1182:(1962)
1174:(1961)
1166:(1960)
1158:(1959)
1150:(1958)
1142:(1957)
1134:(1956)
1126:(1955)
1118:(1954)
1110:(1953)
1102:(1952)
1094:(1951)
1005:
964:
933:Scopus
914:
906:
833:
802:
776:Nature
756:
666:
640:Nature
620:
594:Nature
574:
566:
558:
520:
475:
440:
432:
342:globin
267:Career
206:oxygen
152:Fields
137:(1987)
131:(1963)
125:(1946)
116:Awards
1003:S2CID
912:S2CID
800:S2CID
664:S2CID
618:S2CID
572:S2CID
518:S2CID
498:(PDF)
438:S2CID
200:' of
962:ISBN
904:PMID
754:PMID
564:PMID
556:ISSN
473:PMID
430:ISSN
344:and
281:haem
239:and
73:Died
43:Born
995:doi
954:doi
896:doi
825:doi
792:doi
780:186
746:doi
706:doi
694:127
656:doi
644:146
610:doi
598:139
548:doi
510:doi
465:doi
461:131
422:doi
367:CO2
356:of
208:is
186:FRS
123:FRS
16:407
1503::
1001:.
991:40
989:.
985:.
960:.
910:.
902:.
894:.
884:34
882:.
798:.
790:.
778:.
752:.
744:.
732:.
704:.
692:.
688:.
662:.
654:.
642:.
616:.
608:.
596:.
570:.
562:.
554:.
544:73
542:.
530:^
516:.
506:51
504:.
500:.
471:.
459:.
436:.
428:.
418:40
416:.
400:^
263:.
227:,
63:,
1071:e
1064:t
1057:v
1023:.
1009:.
997::
970:.
956::
918:.
898::
890::
831:.
827::
806:.
794::
786::
760:.
748::
740::
734:7
714:.
708::
700::
670:.
658::
650::
624:.
612::
604::
578:.
550::
524:.
512::
479:.
467::
444:.
424::
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)