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government undertook housing development projects displacing
African-American populations into inner-city, high-rise buildings that were, essentially, created to reinforce the patterns of neighborhood segregation that emerged in the late 1800s. On this matter, the government stated the project was ânot
236:
It was a modern development, electricity for lighting throughout the neighborhood as well as gas for cooking and lighting. Water came from artesian wells dug up to 500 feet (150 m), nearly 50,000 feet (15,000 m) of water mains were constructed, in addition to 50,000 feet (15,000 m) of
323:
Though the
Supreme Court ruled against the enforceability of racially restrictive deeds in 1948, segregation and redlining remained prevalent in Roland Park and throughout other areas of Baltimore City through the 1950s and up until today. In the early 1940s and â50s, Baltimore City and the federal
319:
In 1911, George Ford, a professor at
Columbia University and later the president of the National Conference on City Planning, was starting to teach a course on urban planning and reached out to Bouton as he was impressed with his racial restrictions. Employees of the Roland Park Company would later
311:
Letters from the time show that Bouton asked a law firm, Schmuker & Whitelock, if he could legally restrict who bought property in Roland Park. Though the firm advised against it, by 1912, the âNuisancesâ section of the deed read, âAt no time shall the land included in said tract or any part
266:
of Kansas City. Nichols continued to refer to Roland Park as an ideal residential development when he counselled other residential developers. The park-like setting designed by the
Olmsted brothers was a mark of affluence echoed by other neighborhoods in Baltimore such as
370:
in 1896 in the
English Tudor style. Developed by Roland Park Company President Edward Bouton and designed by Wyatt and Nolting, it was originally planned as an apartment and office building with a âcommunity roomâ for civic functions on the upper level.
307:
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Baltimore saw an influx of immigrants, nearing 600,000. Bouton took 100 acres of land a few miles north of
Downtown Baltimore and sold it as an exclusive, lush âgarden suburbâ, free of city grime and racial diversity.
315:
Additionally, Bouton claimed that he did not sell to Jews, as they were âundesirableâ, at the 1914 Annual
Conference of the Development of High-Class Residential Property, further demonstrating the levels of exclusion in the emerging city suburbs.
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to advise them on the installation of a sewer system. Bouton placed restrictive covenants on all lots in Roland Park. These included setback requirements and proscriptions against any business operations.
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as the world's first shopping center (though some editions of
Guinness incorrectly date it to 1896, when it was not yet a shopping center). Since it had only six stores, qualifying today as a
312:
thereof, or any building erected thereon, be occupied by any negro or person of negro extraction. This prohibition, however, is not intended to include occupancy by a negro domestic servant.â
2483:
217:
forced Jarvis and
Conklin to sell the Roland Park Company to the firm of Stewart and Young. Despite the dire economics after 1893, Stewart and Young continued investment in the development.
228:
to lay out the second tract, and installed expensive infrastructure, including graded-streets, gutters, sidewalks, and constructed the Lake Roland
Elevated Railroad. The company consulted
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418:
and is assigned to Roland Park Elementary/Middle School, a K-8 school that earned the Blue Ribbon for Academic Excellence from the state department of education in 1997 and 1998.
2325:
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go on to serve on national boards, such as the Federal Housing Administration, which helped normalize and standardize the practice of redlining throughout the country.
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954:. The 2014-2015 map is on p. 120 (PDF p. 10/34) and the 2015-2016 map is on p. 122 (PDF p. 12/34). Retrieved on July 10, 2016. Roland Park is no. 233 on both maps.
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937:) ("...it has a small cluster of shops near its center. That group of shops is generally considered to be the very first shopping center in America.")
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82:
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753:
616:
Cheryl Caldwell Ferguson (Oct 2000). "River Oaks:1920s Suburban Planning and Development in Houston". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 104, p.121.
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187:
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946:"Elementary/K-8 Schools and Attendance Zones School Year 2014-15" and "Elementary/K-8 Schools and Attendance Zones School Year 2015-16" in:
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is to the west, within walking distance of much of the neighborhood, just across Falls Road and running alongside the
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Bouton and some Baltimore investors purchased the interests of Roland Park and reorganized the company in 1903.
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clearance but rather using the projects to block the Negro from encroaching upon white territoryâ.
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residents for the Maryland Apartment in north Baltimore until 75% of the apartments were rented.
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cited Roland Park as a model residential subdivision to his Harvard School of Design students.
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The Roland Park Company hired Kansas City developer Edward H. Bouton as the general manager and
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1952:
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How the Suburbs Were Segregated: Developers and the Business of Exclusionary Housing, 1890-1960
575:
488:
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209:
Jarvis and Conklin, a Chicago investment firm, purchased 500 acres (200 ha) of land near
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in 1891 and founded the Roland Park Company with $ 1 million in capital. Not long after, the
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quotas when building in Roland Park. In 1951, Rouse enforced a quota of no more than 12%
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Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.60-63, 66-67.
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542:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Roland Park Historic District"
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1111:
247:
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1995:
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659:"Roland Park: one of America's first garden suburbs, and built for whites only"
332:
69:
Irregular pattern between Belvedere Ave., Falls Rd., 39th St., and Stoney Run,
791:
351:
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1007:
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367:
255:
214:
97:
84:
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382:, other, larger centers have received more recognition as âfirstsâ, such as
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore
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1292:
607:
Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.63.
598:
Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.64.
754:"New book on segregation and bigotry holds up a harsh mirror to Baltimore"
2340:
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279:
379:
504:
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1903:
1840:
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had found inspiration in Roland Park when he was planning the
988:
982:, including undated photo, at Maryland Historical Trust, and
274:
530:(2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.59-60.
182:. It was developed between 1890 and 1920 as an upper-class
2609:
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
237:
roadways, and 100,000 feet (30,000 m) of sidewalks.
224:
to lay out the lots for the first tract. They hired the
186:. The early phases of the neighborhood were designed by
1049:
421:
There are several private schools in the neighborhood:
258:, called Roland Park "an ideal residential district."
698:"History: Housing Policy and Segregation in Baltimore"
355:
Roland Park Shopping Center 1907 or shortly thereafter
1014:
Roland Park: Most Fashionable and Pretentious Suburb
374:
It opened in 1907 as shops. It has been credited by
16:"Roland Park" redirects here. For similar uses, see
2375:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
148:
Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian
539:
2631:
346:
2326:
1035:
999:Baltimore, Maryland, a National Park Service
980:Roland Park Historic District, Baltimore City
366:) was built at the corner of Upland Road and
2619:Portal:National Register of Historic Places
778:"How Roland Park Was Founded and Developed"
681:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
303:for "Gentiles only" housing in Roland Park.
2333:
2319:
1042:
1028:
275:Deed restrictions and further implications
2342:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
652:
414:The neighborhood is within the bounds of
42:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
860:
483:
350:
294:
278:
200:
1008:Historical Marker Database, Roland Park
808:
732:. New York: Columbia University Press.
725:
695:
648:
646:
644:
642:
2632:
965:http://rolandparkpublic.org/?page_id=2
833:
813:. Guilford Publications. p. 320.
533:
505:"National Register Information System"
2314:
1023:
283:A June 25, 1921 advertisement in the
1051:Neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland
811:Understanding the Cultural Landscape
639:
540:Catharine F. Black (November 1973).
510:National Register of Historic Places
780:. Baltimore Sun. December 27, 1908.
573:
497:
390:(1916, the first uniformly planned
299:A May 7, 1922 advertisement in the
13:
1606:West Baltimore Innovation District
627:"Historic Architecture â Mayfield"
447:St. Mary's Seminary and University
14:
2666:
973:
459:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2400:
2393:
1654:Business and Government District
291:houses sold by George R. Morris.
1757:Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello
1417:Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello
957:
940:
917:
912:The community builders handbook
904:
881:
854:
827:
802:
784:
770:
746:
689:
926:Jim Rouse: capitalist/idealist
619:
610:
601:
592:
567:
558:
521:
452:There is also a branch of the
443:Boys' Latin School of Maryland
402:, the first uniformly-planned
154:
140:Olmsted, Frederick Law; Et al.
1:
952:Baltimore City Public Schools
479:
416:Baltimore City Public Schools
34:Roland Park Historic District
1001:Discover Our Shared Heritage
409:
392:neighborhood shopping center
23:United States historic place
7:
2591:National Historic Landmarks
547:. Maryland Historical Trust
449:is located in Roland Park.
423:Friends School of Baltimore
360:Roland Park Shopping Center
347:Roland Park Shopping Center
10:
2671:
2645:Neighborhoods in Baltimore
1490:Stonewood-Pentwood-Winston
1016:- Ghosts of Baltimore blog
963:Roland Park Public School
840:. Routledge. p. 161.
792:"Roland Park Welcomes You"
657:/ Published (2014-09-10).
655:Elizabeth Evitts Dickinson
431:Roland Park Country School
364:Roland Park Business Block
331:The real estate developer
196:
178:is a community located in
15:
2599:
2578:
2537:
2409:
2391:
2352:
2276:Mount Pleasant Woods Park
2218:
2133:
2022:
1938:
1839:
1732:
1629:
1518:
1392:
1219:Chinquapin Park-Belvedere
1175:
1057:
244:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
192:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
165:
153:NRHP reference
152:
144:
136:
121:
113:
76:
65:
61:
57:
48:
39:
32:
28:
2655:Baltimore City Landmarks
989:Community of Roland Park
867:. McFarland. p. 7.
861:Scharoun, Llisa (2012).
837:The City Cultures Reader
576:"History of Roland Park"
470:Cold Spring Lane Station
454:Enoch Pratt Free Library
404:regional shopping center
145:Architectural style
893:p.204 (Scribner 1996) (
726:Glotzer, Paige (2020).
696:Gladora, Chris (2006).
117:700 acres (280 ha)
2640:Roland Park, Baltimore
2365:Keeper of the Register
1422:Ednor Gardens-Lakeside
994:History of Roland Park
910:Urban Land Institute,
809:Wallach, Bret (2005).
492:
489:Baltimore Country Club
474:Jones Falls Expressway
376:Guinness World Records
356:
304:
292:
206:
51:U.S. Historic district
2380:National Park Service
2360:Contributing property
2202:Pleasent View Gardens
1762:East Baltimore Midway
1591:Sandtown - Winchester
1364:Village of Cross Keys
834:Borden, Iain (2004).
796:rolandparkhistory.org
515:National Park Service
487:
400:Kansas City, Missouri
388:Lake Forest, Illinois
354:
298:
282:
264:Country Club District
222:George Edward Kessler
204:
98:39.34917°N 76.63472°W
1528:Bridgeview/Greenlawn
1162:Reisterstown Station
1077:Auchentoroly Terrace
887:Rybczynski, Witold.
864:American at the Mall
466:Baltimore Light Rail
2569:South and Southeast
2554:North and Northwest
2032:Baltimore Highlands
1649:Bromo Arts District
580:Ghosts of Baltimore
289:racially restricted
260:Jesse Clyde Nichols
230:George E Waring Jr.
180:Baltimore, Maryland
103:39.34917; -76.63472
94: /
71:Baltimore, Maryland
2564:East and Northeast
2559:West and Southwest
2273:Middle Branch Park
2171:Govans Manor Homes
1925:Washington Village
1831:South Clifton Park
1510:Woodbourne Heights
1359:Tuscany-Canterbury
702:Indypendent Reader
574:Tom (2013-09-23).
528:Robert M. Fogelson
493:
396:Country Club Plaza
357:
305:
293:
207:
2627:
2626:
2370:Historic district
2308:
2307:
2256:Gwynns Falls Park
2246:Federal Hill Park
2236:Cylburn Arboretum
2193:O'Donnell Heights
2174:Heritage Crossing
2148:Armistead Gardens
2120:Upper Fells Point
1709:Ridgely's Delight
1561:Midtown-Edmondson
1349:Sabina Mattefeldt
1301:Loyola-Notre Dame
1082:Callaway-Garrison
1010:, includes photos
173:
172:
169:December 23, 1974
2662:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2429:Baltimore County
2404:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2295:Sherwood Gardens
2269:Lake Roland Park
2264:Herring Run Park
1854:Carrollton Ridge
1556:Little Lithuania
1311:Mount Washington
1195:Bellona-Gittings
1044:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1003:Travel Itinerary
984:accompanying map
967:
961:
955:
944:
938:
929:, p.111 (2007) (
921:
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781:
774:
768:
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717:
716:
714:
713:
704:. Archived from
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670:
669:
650:
637:
636:
634:
633:
623:
617:
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562:
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531:
525:
519:
518:
501:
491:, in Roland Park
456:in Roland Park.
439:Cathedral School
435:Bryn Mawr School
252:St. Francis Wood
226:Olmsted Brothers
205:Roland Park plan
184:streetcar suburb
156:
132:
130:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
99:
95:
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91:
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26:
25:
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2494:Prince George's
2411:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2348:
2339:
2309:
2304:
2241:Druid Hill Park
2214:
2211:Somerset Courts
2186:Lakeview Towers
2177:Lafayette Court
2167:Flaghouse Homes
2163:Ellerslie Homes
2152:Bel Park Towers
2129:
2125:Washington Hill
2057:Dunbar-Broadway
2018:
2004:South Baltimore
1934:
1835:
1808:Milton-Montford
1793:Madison-Eastend
1785:Johnston Square
1780:Greenmount West
1728:
1625:
1543:Franklin Square
1514:
1388:
1210:Charles Village
1205:Cameron Village
1171:
1167:Television Hill
1132:Langston Hughes
1122:Hanlon Longwood
1053:
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517:. July 9, 2010.
503:
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462:
445:. In addition,
412:
349:
277:
271:and Guilford.
250:, developer of
248:Duncan McDuffie
199:
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2385:Property types
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2290:Riverside Park
2287:
2285:Patterson Park
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2209:
2208:Primrose Place
2206:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:McCulloh Homes
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2160:Douglass Homes
2158:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2135:Public housing
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Patterson Park
2107:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2089:
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2079:
2074:
2069:
2067:Graceland Park
2064:
2059:
2054:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:Wagner's Point
2006:
2001:
1998:
1996:Port Covington
1993:
1988:
1983:
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1973:
1968:
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1874:Hollins Market
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1798:McElderry Park
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1664:Charles Center
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1659:Cathedral Hill
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1200:Better Waverly
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974:External links
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899:978-0684825298
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2180:Latrobe Homes
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2047:Butchers Hill
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2015:
2012:
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1976:Hawkins Point
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1767:East Monument
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1719:Station North
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1689:Market Center
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1407:Beverly Hills
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1402:Belair-Edison
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914:p. 125 (1954)
913:
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874:9780786490509
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866:
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847:9780415302456
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820:9781593851194
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739:9780231542494
735:
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708:on 2020-04-12
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436:
432:
428:
427:Gilman School
424:
419:
417:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Market Square
381:
377:
372:
369:
368:Roland Avenue
365:
361:
353:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
321:
317:
313:
309:
302:
301:Baltimore Sun
297:
290:
286:
285:Baltimore Sun
281:
272:
270:
265:
261:
257:
256:San Francisco
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
215:Panic of 1893
212:
203:
194:
193:
189:
188:Edward Bouton
185:
181:
177:
168:
166:Added to NRHP
164:
161:
158:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
31:
27:
19:
2499:Queen Anne's
2424:Anne Arundel
2251:Fort McHenry
2231:Clifton Park
2226:Carroll Park
2105:Little Italy
2082:Highlandtown
2062:Fell's Point
2042:Brewers Hill
2000:Pratt Monroe
1991:Mount Winans
1986:Locust Point
1966:Federal Hill
1930:Yale Heights
1912:Union Square
1884:Morrell Park
1864:Franklintown
1776:Four By Four
1772:Ellwood Park
1694:Mount Vernon
1684:Madison Park
1674:Inner Harbor
1639:Barre Circle
1343:
1321:The Orchards
1293:Lake Evesham
1268:Hoes Heights
1152:Park Heights
1000:
959:
942:
924:
923:Marx, Paul.
919:
911:
906:
888:
883:
863:
856:
836:
829:
810:
804:
795:
786:
772:
761:. Retrieved
748:
728:
721:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
701:
691:
666:. Retrieved
662:
630:. Retrieved
621:
612:
603:
594:
583:. Retrieved
579:
569:
560:
549:. Retrieved
535:
523:
508:
499:
463:
451:
420:
413:
373:
363:
362:(originally
359:
358:
330:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
300:
284:
242:
239:
235:
219:
208:
175:
174:
18:Rowland Park
2579:Other lists
2280:Leakin Park
2260:Hanlon Park
2183:Mason Homes
2077:Harbor East
1953:Cherry Hill
1917:Violetville
1899:Saint Agnes
1859:Dickeyville
1822:Orangeville
1803:Middle East
1644:Bolton Hill
1547:Harlem Park
1505:Wilson Park
1470:Morgan Park
1431:Gardenville
1344:Roland Park
1330:Poplar Hill
1297:Lake Walker
1223:Cold Spring
1147:Mount Holly
1127:Howard Park
1117:Greenspring
1107:Garwyn Oaks
1102:Forest Park
653:Fall 2014,
337:antisemitic
211:Lake Roland
176:Roland Park
101: /
77:Coordinates
2634:Categories
2519:Washington
2509:St. Mary's
2489:Montgomery
2459:Dorchester
2300:Wyman Park
2115:St. Helena
2092:Joseph Lee
1971:Harborview
1958:Curtis Bay
1849:Beechfield
1714:Seton Hill
1611:West Hills
1576:Penn-North
1500:Waltherson
1485:Ramblewood
1465:Mid-Govans
1455:Loch Raven
1450:Lauraville
1379:Wyman Park
1354:Stone Hill
1316:Oakenshawe
1215:Cedarcroft
1092:Dorchester
948:Appendix C
763:2022-04-26
712:2021-03-24
668:2021-03-24
632:2023-03-07
585:2019-02-19
551:2016-03-01
480:References
398:(1923) in
394:) and the
380:strip mall
89:76°38â˛05âłW
86:39°20â˛57âłN
2545:Baltimore
2529:Worcester
2464:Frederick
2412:by county
2205:Poe Homes
2156:Claremont
2143:Allendale
2087:Jonestown
2072:Greektown
2024:Southeast
1962:Fairfield
1921:Wakefield
1908:Ten Hills
1879:Irvington
1841:Southwest
1699:Otterbein
1679:Koreatown
1669:Chinatown
1581:Poppleton
1566:Mondawmin
1551:Lexington
1538:Edmondson
1475:Northwood
1427:Frankford
1394:Northeast
1384:Wyndhurst
1374:Woodberry
1339:Remington
1288:Koreatown
1243:Glen Oaks
1238:Evergreen
1137:Levindale
1097:Fallstaff
1087:Cheswolde
1072:Ashburton
1067:Arlington
1059:Northwest
890:City Life
410:Education
137:Architect
2524:Wicomico
2504:Somerset
2439:Caroline
2419:Allegany
2346:Maryland
2014:Westport
1981:Lakeland
1948:Brooklyn
1813:Old Town
1724:Westside
1631:Downtown
1616:Westgate
1601:Walbrook
1586:Rosemont
1460:Mayfield
1326:Pen Lucy
1306:Medfield
1278:Homewood
1273:Homeland
1253:Guilford
1233:Edgecomb
677:cite web
269:Mayfield
160:74002213
66:Location
2586:Bridges
2549:Central
2474:Harford
2469:Garrett
2454:Charles
2444:Carroll
2434:Calvert
2101:Linwood
2097:Kresson
2037:Bayview
1894:Pigtown
1742:Barclay
1480:Overlea
1412:Cedonia
1369:Waverly
1283:Keswick
1263:Harwood
1258:Hampden
1228:Cylburn
1190:Barclay
1157:Pimlico
663:The Hub
197:History
127: (
2514:Talbot
2479:Howard
2353:Topics
2052:Canton
1904:Sowebo
1889:Oaklee
1818:Oliver
1571:Mosher
1445:Hillen
1435:Govans
1248:Govans
933:
897:
871:
844:
817:
736:
441:, and
433:, the
341:Jewish
2449:Cecil
2410:Lists
2219:Parks
1940:South
1747:Berea
1596:Upton
1185:Abell
1177:North
545:(PDF)
335:used
122:Built
2484:Kent
1734:East
1520:West
1112:Glen
931:ISBN
895:ISBN
869:ISBN
842:ISBN
815:ISBN
734:ISBN
683:link
464:The
326:slum
287:for
190:and
129:1890
125:1890
114:Area
2547:: (
2344:in
950:."
468:'s
386:in
254:in
155:No.
2636::
794:.
756:.
700:.
679:}}
675:{{
661:.
641:^
578:.
513:.
507:.
476:.
437:,
429:,
425:,
406:.
2571:)
2334:e
2327:t
2320:v
1043:e
1036:t
1029:v
901:)
877:.
850:.
823:.
798:.
766:.
742:.
715:.
685:)
671:.
635:.
588:.
554:.
131:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.