Rosa Parks - Knowledge

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by Hartford Memorial Baptist Church in Detroit. When her rent became delinquent and her impending eviction was highly publicized in 2004, executives of the ownership company announced they had forgiven the back rent and would allow Parks, by then 91 and in extremely poor health, to live rent-free in the building for the remainder of her life. Elaine Steele, manager of the nonprofit Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute, defended Parks's care and stated that the eviction notices were sent in error. Several of Parks's family members alleged that her financial affairs had been mismanaged.

943:, the president of the NAACP, said, "My God, look what segregation has put in my hands!" Parks was considered the ideal plaintiff for a test case against city and state segregation laws, as she was seen as a responsible, mature woman with a good reputation. She was securely married and employed, was regarded as possessing a quiet and dignified demeanor, and was politically savvy. King said that Parks was regarded as "one of the finest citizens of Montgomery—not one of the finest Negro citizens, but one of the finest citizens of Montgomery". 2165: 1174: 20699: 2369: 1316: 660: 1834: 2383: 674: 646: 1360: 159: 2318:, had used her name without permission. The lawsuit was settled on April 15, 2005 (six months and nine days before Parks's death); OutKast, their producer and record labels paid Parks an undisclosed cash settlement. They also agreed to work with the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute to create educational programs about the life of Rosa Parks. The record label and OutKast admitted no wrongdoing. Responsibility for the payment of legal fees was not disclosed. 577: 6595: 18666: 6587: 40: 1236:, for cleanup (which allowed them to have signs stating that this section of highway was maintained by the organization). Since the state could not refuse the KKK's sponsorship, the Missouri legislature voted to name the highway section the "Rosa Parks Highway". When asked how she felt about this honor, she is reported to have commented, "It is always nice to be thought of." 2397: 1025:. She persuaded Martin Luther King, who was generally reluctant to endorse local candidates, to appear with Conyers, thereby boosting the novice candidate's profile. When Conyers was elected, he hired her as a secretary and receptionist for his congressional office in Detroit. She held this position until she retired in 1988. In a telephone interview with 1137:, once a close friend. Parks suffered two broken bones in a fall on an icy sidewalk, an injury which caused considerable and recurring pain. She decided to move with her mother into an apartment for senior citizens. There she nursed her mother Leona through the final stages of cancer and geriatric dementia until she died in 1979 at the age of 92. 461:, joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP, and was elected secretary at a time when this was considered a woman's job. She later said, "I was the only woman there, and they needed a secretary, and I was too timid to say no." She continued as secretary until 1957. She worked for the local NAACP leader 568:. Howard brought news of the recent acquittal of the two men who had murdered Till. Parks was deeply saddened and angry at the news, particularly because Till's case had garnered much more attention than any of the cases she and the Montgomery NAACP had worked on—and yet, the two men still walked free. 1869:

On February 4, 2,000 birthday wishes gathered from people throughout the United States were transformed into 200 graphics messages at a celebration held on her 100th Birthday at the Davis Theater for the Performing Arts in Montgomery, Alabama. This was the 100th Birthday Wishes Project managed by the

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In 2002, Parks received an eviction notice from her $ 1,800 per month (equivalent to $ 3,000 in 2023) apartment for non-payment of rent. Parks was incapable of managing her own financial affairs by this time due to age-related physical and mental decline. Her rent was paid from a collection taken

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Later that year, at the urging of her brother and sister-in-law in Detroit, Sylvester and Daisy McCauley, Rosa and Raymond Parks and her mother moved north to join them. The City of Detroit attempted to cultivate a progressive reputation, but Parks encountered numerous signs of discrimination against

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By Parks's account, Blake said, "Y'all better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats." Three of them complied. Parks said, "The driver wanted us to stand up, the four of us. We didn't move at the beginning, but he says, 'Let me have these seats.' And the other three people moved, but

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The bus driver moved the "colored" section sign behind Parks and demanded that four black people give up their seats in the middle section so that the white passengers could sit. Years later, in recalling the events of the day, Parks said, "When that white driver stepped back toward us, when he waved

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McCauley attended rural schools until the age of eleven. Before that, her mother taught her "a good deal about sewing." She started piecing quilts from around the age of six, as her mother and grandmother were making quilts, she put her first quilt together by herself around the age of ten, which was

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The 1970s were a decade of loss for Parks in her personal life. Her family was plagued with illness; she and her husband had suffered stomach ulcers for years and both required hospitalization. In spite of her fame and constant speaking engagements, Parks was not a wealthy woman. She donated most of

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I did not want to be mistreated, I did not want to be deprived of a seat that I had paid for. It was just time ... there was opportunity for me to take a stand to express the way I felt about being treated in that manner. I had not planned to get arrested. I had plenty to do without having to end up

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People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was,

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The first four rows of seats on each Montgomery bus were reserved for whites. Buses had "colored" sections for black people generally in the rear of the bus, although blacks composed more than 75% of the ridership. The sections were not fixed but were determined by placement of a movable sign. Black

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was acquitted, Parks introduced her to an audience of 12,000 as a "dear sister who has suffered so much persecution". Following national outcry around her case, Little succeeded in her defense that she used deadly force to resist sexual assault and was acquitted. Tyler was finally released in April

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After her arrest, Parks became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement but suffered hardships as a result. Due to economic sanctions used against activists, she lost her job at the department store. Her husband lost his job as a barber at Maxwell Air Force Base after his boss forbade him to talk about

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that Parks's arrest was the catalyst rather than the cause of the protest: "The cause lay deep in the record of similar injustices." He wrote, "Actually, no one can understand the action of Mrs. Parks unless he realizes that eventually the cup of endurance runs over, and the human personality cries

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Church to discuss boycott strategies. At that time, Parks was introduced but not asked to speak, despite a standing ovation and calls from the crowd for her to speak; when she asked if she should say something, the reply was, "Why, you've said enough." This movement also sparked riots leading up to

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It rained that day, but the black community persevered in their boycott. Some rode in carpools, while others traveled in black-operated cabs that charged the same fare as the bus, 10 cents (equivalent to $ 1.14 in 2023). Most of the remainder of the 40,000 black commuters walked, some as far as

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When Parks refused to give up her seat, a police officer arrested her. As the officer took her away, she recalled that she asked, "Why do you push us around?" She remembered him saying, "I don't know, but the law's the law, and you're under arrest." She later said, "I only knew that, as I was being

742:, a 1987 public television series on the Civil Rights Movement, Parks said, "When he saw me still sitting, he asked if I was going to stand up, and I said, 'No, I'm not.' And he said, 'Well, if you don't stand up, I'm going to have to call the police and have you arrested.' I said, 'You may do that. 589:

In 1900, Montgomery had passed a city ordinance to segregate bus passengers by race. Conductors were empowered to assign seats to achieve that goal. According to the law, no passenger would be required to move or give up their seat and stand if the bus was crowded and no other seats were available.

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Parks's court case was being slowed down in appeals through the Alabama courts on their way to a Federal appeal and the process could have taken years. Holding together a boycott for that length of time would have been a great strain. In the end, black residents of Montgomery continued the boycott

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Though her health declined as she entered her seventies, Parks continued to make many appearances and devoted considerable energy to these causes. Unrelated to her activism, Parks loaned quilts of her own making to an exhibit at Michigan State University of quilts by African-American residents of

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Initially, she did not notice that the bus driver was the same man, James F. Blake, who had left her in the rain in 1943. As the bus traveled along its regular route, all of the white-only seats in the bus filled up. The bus reached the third stop in front of the Empire Theater, and several white

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Black people could not sit across the aisle in the same row as white people. The driver could move the "colored" section sign, or remove it altogether. If white people were already sitting in the front, black people had to board at the front to pay the fare, then disembark and reenter through the

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declared the day a "National Day of Courage" with 12 hours of virtual and on-site activities featuring nationally recognized speakers, musical and dramatic interpretative performances, a panel presentation of "Rosa's Story" and a reading of the tale "Quiet Strength". The actual bus on which Rosa

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for facial injuries and swelling on the right side of her face. Parks said about the attack on her by the African-American man, "Many gains have been made ... But as you can see, at this time we still have a long way to go." Skipper was sentenced to 8 to 15 years and was transferred to prison in

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At age 81, Parks was robbed and assaulted in her home in central Detroit on August 30, 1994. The assailant, Joseph Skipper, broke down the door but claimed he had chased away an intruder. He requested a reward and when Parks paid him, he demanded more. Parks refused and he attacked her. Hurt and

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on October 24, 2005, Conyers recalled, "You treated her with deference because she was so quiet, so serene—just a very special person ... There was only one Rosa Parks." Doing much of the daily constituent work for Conyers, Parks often focused on socio-economic issues including welfare,

714:, around 6 pm, Thursday, December 1, 1955, in downtown Montgomery. She paid her fare and sat in an empty seat in the first row of back seats reserved for blacks in the "colored" section. Near the middle of the bus, her row was directly behind the ten seats reserved for white passengers. 873:

helped spread the word. At a church rally that night, those attending agreed unanimously to continue the boycott until they were treated with the level of courtesy they expected, until black drivers were hired, and until seating in the middle of the bus was handled on a first-come basis.

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and violating a local ordinance. The trial lasted 30 minutes. After being found guilty and fined $ 10, plus $ 4 in court costs (a total of $ 161.11 as of 12 Mar 2024), Parks appealed her conviction and formally challenged the legality of racial segregation. In a 1992 interview with

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We are ... asking every Negro to stay off the buses Monday in protest of the arrest and trial ... You can afford to stay out of school for one day. If you work, take a cab, or walk. But please, children and grown-ups, don't ride the bus at all on Monday. Please stay off the buses

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called "the strongest campaign for equal justice to be seen in a decade". Parks continued her work as an anti-rape activist five years later when she helped organize protests in support of Gertrude Perkins, a black woman who was raped by two white Montgomery police officers.

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City officials in Montgomery and Detroit announced on October 27, 2005, that the front seats of their city buses would be reserved with black ribbons in honor of Parks until her funeral. Parks' coffin was flown to Montgomery and taken in a horse-drawn hearse to the St. Paul

1327:) to be honored in this way. She was the first woman and the second black person to lie in honor in the Capitol. An estimated 50,000 people viewed the casket there, and the event was broadcast on television on October 31, 2005. A memorial service was held that afternoon at 399:, including public transportation. Bus and train companies enforced seating policies with separate sections for blacks and whites. School bus transportation was unavailable in any form for black schoolchildren in the South, and black education was always underfunded. 2132: 998:; mostly because she was unable to find work. She also disagreed with King and other leaders of Montgomery's struggling civil rights movement about how to proceed, and was constantly receiving death threats. In Hampton, she found a job as a hostess in an inn at 247:

center for training activists for workers' rights and racial equality. Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her job and received death threats for years afterwards. Shortly after the boycott, she moved to

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draped the U.S. flag over the casket and carried it to a horse-drawn hearse, which was intended to carry it, in daylight, to the cemetery. As the hearse passed the thousands of people who were viewing the procession, many clapped, cheered loudly and

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The house lived in by Rosa Parks's brother, Sylvester McCauley, his wife Daisy, and their 13 children, and where Rosa Parks often visited and stayed after leaving Montgomery, was bought by her niece Rhea McCauley for $ 500 and donated to the artist

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Her husband died of throat cancer on August 19, 1977, and her brother, her only sibling, died of cancer that November. Her personal ordeals caused her to become removed from the civil rights movement. She learned from a newspaper of the death of

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Repeatedly bullied by white children in her neighborhood, Parks often fought back physically. She later said: "As far back as I remember, I could never think in terms of accepting physical abuse without some form of retaliation if possible."

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the money from speaking to civil rights causes, and lived on her staff salary and her husband's pension. Medical bills and time missed from work caused financial strain that required her to accept assistance from church groups and admirers.

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in raising awareness of police abuse during the conflict. She served on a "people's tribunal" on August 30, 1967, investigating the killing of three young men by police during the 1967 Detroit uprising, in what came to be known as the

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in Montgomery from 1925 to 1928, she took academic and vocational courses. As the school closed in 1928, she transferred to Booker T. Washington Junior High School for her final year. Parks went on to a laboratory school set up by the

2211:; film scholar Delphine Letort argued that in the work, "the historical narrative of the civil rights movement is simplified into a story that reproduces stereotypes popularized by both race melodramas and mainstream media." The film 371:

unusual, as quilting was mainly a family activity performed when there was no field work or chores to be done. She learned more sewing in school from the age of eleven; she sewed her own "first dress could wear". As a student at the

552:. On November 27, 1955, four days before she would make her stand on the bus, Rosa Parks attended a mass meeting at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery that addressed this case, as well as the recent murders of the activists 3471:

R. Alexander Acosta, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division, states, "This brutal murder and grotesque miscarriage of justice outraged a nation and helped galvanize support for the modern American civil rights

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proclaimed February 4, 2013, as the "100th Anniversary of the Birth of Rosa Parks". He called "upon all Americans to observe this day with appropriate service, community, and education programs to honor Rosa Parks's enduring

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for 381 days. Dozens of public buses stood idle for months, severely damaging the bus transit company's finances, until the city repealed its law requiring segregation on public buses following the US Supreme Court ruling in

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in jail. But when I had to face that decision, I didn't hesitate to do so because I felt that we had endured that too long. The more we gave in, the more we complied with that kind of treatment, the more oppressive it became.

1281:. She and her husband never had children and she outlived her only sibling. She was survived by her sister-in-law (Raymond's sister), 13 nieces and nephews and their families, and several cousins, most of them residents of 14008: 7731: 7762: 14263: 6481: 733:—a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store, whose killers were tried and acquitted—and I just couldn't go back." 213:

in violating Alabama segregation laws, and she helped inspire the black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year. The case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit

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For years, the black community had complained that the situation was unfair. Parks said, "My resisting being mistreated on the bus did not begin with that particular arrest. I did a lot of walking in Montgomery."

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told her to follow city rules and enter the bus again from the back door. When Parks exited the vehicle, Blake drove off without her. Parks waited for the next bus, determined never to ride with Blake again.

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education, job discrimination, and affordable housing. She visited schools, hospitals, senior citizen facilities, and other community meetings and kept Conyers grounded in community concerns and activism.

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On March 14, 2008, the State of California Government Center at 464 West Fourth Street, on the northwest corner of Court and Fourth Streets, in San Bernardino was renamed the Rosa Parks Memorial Building.

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I'd see the bus pass every day ... But to me, that was a way of life; we had no choice but to accept what was the custom. The bus was among the first ways I realized there was a black world and a white

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Parks was charged with a violation of Chapter 6, Section 11, segregation law of the Montgomery City code, although technically she had not taken a white-only seat; she had been in a colored section.

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After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography and continued to insist that there was more work to be done in the struggle for justice. She received national recognition, including the NAACP's 1979

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African-Americans. Schools were effectively segregated, and services in Black neighborhoods substandard. In 1964, Parks told an interviewer that, "I don't feel a great deal of difference here ...

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Parks being fingerprinted on February 22, 1956, when she was arrested again, along with 73 other people, after a grand jury indicted 113 African Americans for organizing the Montgomery bus boycott

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Like many Detroit Blacks, Parks remained particularly concerned about housing issues. She herself lived in a neighborhood, Virginia Park, which had been compromised by highway construction and

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and was often bedridden; the family could not afford to pay for an operation to address the condition. When her parents separated, she moved with her mother to her grandparents' farm outside

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By placing her statue in the heart of the nation's Capitol, we commemorate her work for a more perfect union, and we commit ourselves to continue to struggle for justice for every American.

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people could sit in the middle rows until the white section filled. If more whites needed seats, blacks were to move to seats in the rear, stand, or, if there was no room, leave the bus.

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1982: California State University, Fresno, awarded Parks the African-American Achievement Award. The honor, given to deserving students in succeeding years, became the Rosa Parks Awards.

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Parks moved, but toward the window seat; she did not get up to move to the redesignated colored section. Parks later said about being asked to move to the rear of the bus, "I thought of

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Senate Concurrent Resolution 61, 109th Congress, 1st Session, was agreed to October 29, 2005. This set the stage for her to become the 1st woman to lie in honor, in the Capitol Rotunda.

465:, even though he maintained that "Women don't need to be nowhere but in the kitchen." When Parks asked, "Well, what about me?", he replied: "I need a secretary and you are a good one." 517:

property. She rode on its integrated trolley. Speaking to her biographer, Parks noted, "You might just say Maxwell opened my eyes up." Parks worked as a housekeeper and seamstress for

205:" section in favor of a white female passenger who had complained to the driver, once the "white" section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the 20083: 11894: 8756: 11218: 11036: 2666: 9169: 4526: 7723: 5988: 11134: 10102: 7754: 5315: 6473: 1052:. By 1962, these policies had destroyed 10,000 structures in Detroit, displacing 43,096 people, 70 percent of them African-American. Parks lived just a mile from the center of 19754: 11766: 9891: 7436: 7164: 11697: 10367: 8931: 10199: 7817: 6798: 6174: 5346: 4914: 3292: 736:

Blake said, "Why don't you stand up?" Parks responded, "I don't think I should have to stand up." Blake called the police to arrest Parks. When recalling the incident for

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A plaque entitled "The Bus Stop" at Dexter Avenue and Montgomery Street – where Parks boarded the bus – pays tribute to her and the success of the Montgomery bus boycott.

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At the time, Parks was employed as a seamstress at a local department store and was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She had recently attended the

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The American Public Transportation Association declared December 1, 2005, the 50th anniversary of her arrest, to be a "National Transit Tribute to Rosa Parks Day".

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Parks played an important part in raising international awareness of the plight of African Americans and the civil rights struggle. King wrote in his 1958 book

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concluded the courts would perceive they were attempting to circumvent her prosecution on her charges working their way through the Alabama state court system.

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at the altar on October 29, 2005, dressed in the uniform of a church deaconess. A memorial service was held there the following morning. One of the speakers,

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Parks recalled going to elementary school in Pine Level, where school buses took white students to their new school and black students had to walk to theirs:

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was planning to exhibit the house, but the display was cancelled. The house was exhibited during part of 2018 in an arts centre in Providence, Rhode Island.

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Arts Center, Providence, Rhode Island, where it was put on public display, accompanied by a range of interpretive materials and public and scholarly events.

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several months after her arrest, Parks said she had decided, "I would have to know for once and for all what rights I had as a human being and a citizen."

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Over time and by custom, however, Montgomery bus drivers adopted the practice of requiring black riders to move when there were no white-only seats left.

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badly shaken, Parks called a friend, who called the police. A neighborhood manhunt led to Skipper's capture and reported beating. Parks was treated at

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for college-bound high school seniors, to which she donated most of her speaker fees. In February 1987, she co-founded, with Elaine Eason Steele, the

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movement, attending the Philadelphia Black Power conference, and the Black Political Convention in Gary, Indiana. She also supported and visited the

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Parks was the 31st person, the first American who had not been a U.S. government official, and the second private person (after the French planner

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Parks's act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to

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On Sunday, December 4, 1955, plans for the Montgomery bus boycott were announced at black churches in the area, and a front-page article in the

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trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Parks's name and picture. She is card No. 27 in the set. In 2019,

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and Parks were remembered and honored by a moment of silence. The Super Bowl was dedicated to their memory. Parks's nieces and nephews and

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In 1980, Parks—widowed and without immediate family—rededicated herself to civil rights and educational organizations. She co-founded the

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over 35,000 handbills announcing a bus boycott. The Women's Political Council was the first group to officially endorse the boycott.

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Around the turn of the 20th century, the former Confederate states had adopted new constitutions and electoral laws that effectively

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passengers boarded. Blake noted that two or three white passengers were standing, as the front of the bus had filled to capacity.

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was opened, containing among other things the dress that Parks was sewing the day she refused to give up her seat to a white man.

1312:, and transported by a bus similar to the one in which she made her protest, to lie in honor in the rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. 514: 392: 228: 7002: 6788: 5819: 5338: 21510: 20976: 20673: 20668: 20636: 20406: 20310: 20273: 20220: 20054: 16796: 7466: 2446: 2437:, assaulted in June 1954, seventeen months before Parks' arrest, for sitting in the white-only section of a South Carolina bus. 2193: 420: 372: 348: 7646: 5889: 3368: 541:. In 1945, despite the Jim Crow laws and discrimination by registrars, she succeeded in registering to vote on her third try. 21212: 20631: 20589: 20401: 18949: 18815: 18810: 18695: 18167: 16287: 15730: 6402: 5966: 5766: 5598: 4697: 4069: 3103: 2866: 2463: 1060: 5692: 3662: 3508: 3067: 1014:

is just as bad, and it seems more noticeable in the larger cities." She regularly participated in the movement for open and

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marched down the street in front of their house, Parks recalls her grandfather guarding the front door with a shotgun. The

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That Monday night, 50 leaders of the African-American community gathered to discuss actions to respond to Parks's arrest.

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that took place in Detroit in 1967, and she considered housing discrimination a major factor that provoked the disorder.

1038: 7871: 7301: 5651: 4846: 1153:, an institute that runs the "Pathways to Freedom" bus tours which introduce young people to important civil rights and 529:, the Durrs became her friends. They encouraged—and eventually helped sponsor—Parks in the summer of 1955 to attend the 20544: 20438: 20354: 20198: 19979: 19779: 18930: 18908: 16970: 16945: 16930: 16659: 16327: 8144: 8130: 5168: 4983: 4430: 4173: 4096: 3891: 3336: 3275: 3238: 3170: 2975: 2719: 2164: 925: 722:

his hand and ordered us up and out of our seats, I felt a determination cover my body like a quilt on a winter night."

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Although Parks's autobiography recounts early memories of the kindness of white strangers, she could not ignore the

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was announced, which will spotlight Rosa Parks and Emmett Till leading up to the 1956 Sugar Bowl and Atlanta riots

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for secondary education, but dropped out to care for her grandmother and later her mother, after they became ill.

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Parks on one of Montgomery's buses on December 21, 1956, the day they became legally integrated. Behind her is a

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that it was unconstitutional. Parks was not included as a plaintiff in the Browder decision because the attorney

477: 15839: 7608: 6935: 6878:"No, March Fong Eu Isn't The First Woman To Have A California State Building Named After Her (But It Was Close)" 6672: 3398: 2749: 20396: 20290: 20205: 19809: 16252: 8269: 8255: 6297: 6066: 5503: 3053: 1578: 21485: 21126: 20781: 20433: 20366: 20349: 20295: 20244: 20183: 20088: 20049: 19989: 19789: 19178: 19158: 18965: 18944: 18548: 18491: 18290: 16632: 16605: 16423: 9632: 7576: 7406: 6794: 6213: 4969: 4615: 4248: 2828: 1985:

where it was re-erected in Mendoza's garden. In 2018 it was returned to the United States and rebuilt at the

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In 2016, Parks's former residence in Detroit was threatened with demolition. A Berlin-based American artist,

860:(WPC), about the Parks case. Robinson believed it important to seize the opportunity and stayed up all night 276: 21337: 7678: 7244: 6565: 5377: 3599: 2561: 1866:

Parks sat was made available for the public to board and sit in the seat that Rosa Parks refused to give up.

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The group agreed that a new organization was needed to lead the boycott effort if it were to continue. Rev.

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Suffering anxiety upon returning to her small central Detroit house following the ordeal, Parks moved into

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That evening after the success of the one-day boycott, a group of 16 to 18 people gathered at the Mt. Zion

857: 209:(NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for 15432: 11913: 5217: 3042:

Barney, Deborah Smith (1997). "An Interview with Rosa Parks, The Quilter". In MacDowell, Marsha L. (ed.).

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June 27, 2009, at the Portuguese Web Archive, NAACP press release, April 3, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2008.

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On the day of Parks's trial—December 5, 1955—the WPC distributed the 35,000 leaflets. The handbill read,

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activist in 1943, participating in several high-profile civil rights campaigns. On December 1, 1955 in

4450: 4388:"Heroes and Icons: Rosa Parks: Her simple act of protest galvanized America's civil rights revolution" 2883: 2521:. Retrieved November 13, 2011. The quoted passages can be seen by clicking through to the text or PDF. 2431:, in 1944, sued and won Supreme Court ruling that segregation of interstate buses was unconstitutional 1483: 20448: 20261: 20093: 19654: 19153: 18991: 18798: 18187: 18018: 17988: 17923: 17408: 17047: 17027: 16997: 16906: 16840: 16813: 16779: 16522: 16303: 15388: 11073: 10868: 10848: 9824: 8709: 8073: 4249:"Browder v. Gayle, 352 U.S. 903 | The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute" 2570:"The Other Rosa Parks: Now 73, Claudette Colvin Was First to Refuse Giving Up Seat on Montgomery Bus" 2410: 2105: 1536:, saying: "She's sitting down with the first lady tonight, and she may get up or not as she chooses." 1221: 1034: 548:

was brutally murdered after reportedly flirting with a young white woman while visiting relatives in

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The papers of Rosa Parks were cataloged into the Library of Congress, after years of a legal battle.

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in Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway in December 2005.

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Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came Into Being, and Why No One Saw it Coming

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stated he thought the controversy was "overblown". Parks was offended and boycotted the NAACP 2003

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arrested, that it was the very last time that I would ever ride in humiliation of this kind. ... "

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in the chapel's mausoleum. The chapel was renamed the Rosa L. Parks Freedom Chapel in her honor.

1339: 221: 8212: 4735:"'The northern promised land that wasn't': Rosa Parks and the Black Freedom Struggle in Detroit" 4555: 4549: 4358: 4305: 3973: 3967: 3796: 21327: 21290: 21190: 21024: 20386: 20116: 19354: 19148: 19138: 19076: 18886: 18825: 17893: 17628: 17613: 17608: 17483: 17338: 17178: 17123: 16693: 16543: 16466: 16437: 16399: 15537: 15284: 15268: 15148: 14892: 14884: 14812: 14700: 14676: 14660: 13455: 12950: 12814: 12773: 12506: 12476: 12059: 11539: 11447: 11412: 10726: 10680: 10670: 10290: 10107: 9753: 9702: 9642: 9373: 9352: 9282: 9266: 8973: 8936: 8821: 8751: 8714: 6904: 6733:"Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway" 4397: 3737:

The Thunder of Angels: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the People who Broke the Back of Jim Crow

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of Mississippi, an escaped slave who lived through the years of Reconstruction and segregation.

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On February 27, Parks became the first African-American woman to have her likeness depicted in

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has honored her as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

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1998: She was the first-ever recipient of the International Freedom Conductor Award from the

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One day in 1943, Parks boarded a bus and paid the fare. She then moved to a seat, but driver

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launched a boycott against the film, contending it was "disrespectful", but NAACP president

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ordering that all flags on U.S. public areas both within the country and abroad be flown at

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Letort, Delphine (Spring 2012). "The Rosa Parks Story: The Making of a Civil Rights Icon".

7363:"Descended from a slave, this family helped to open the African American Museum with Obama" 7186: 7010: 6736: 6148: 5865:. Associated Students of California State University, Fresno. April 1, 1982. Archived from 3548:

Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

3125: 2374: 2286:; it is the first full-length documentary about Parks. Also that year, a major motion film 2203: 1776: 1645: 1154: 954: 534: 522: 261: 20744: 14278: 13944: 7554: 6533: 387:

black voters and, in Alabama, many poor white voters as well. Under the white-established

8: 21385: 21318: 21159: 21037: 20865: 20486: 19844: 19759: 19239: 19028: 18918: 18848: 18269: 18230: 17778: 17738: 17688: 17598: 17558: 17533: 17488: 17293: 17248: 17093: 17073: 17042: 17037: 16980: 16891: 16686: 16639: 16589: 16550: 16064: 16011: 15783: 14860: 14708: 14652: 14548: 14402: 14385: 14361: 13883: 13857: 13196: 13170: 13089: 13084: 13009: 12940: 12930: 12920: 12829: 12753: 12481: 12406: 12349: 12186: 12126: 12116: 11999: 11994: 11822: 11671: 11569: 11335: 11198: 10899: 10756: 10736: 10629: 10443: 10402: 10397: 10346: 10244: 10219: 10143: 9926: 9799: 9768: 9562: 9496: 9106: 9080: 8999: 8978: 8730: 8497: 8460: 6358:"Rosa Parks Museum Dedicated During Civil Rights Movement Anniversary Gala in Montgomery" 6270: 6179: 5656: 5426: 5186:"Republicans Hate Planned Parenthood But Want to Put One of Its Backers on the $ 10 Bill" 4782: 3193:"Rosa Parks Papers: Subject File, 1937-2005; Order of Eastern Star, 1947 , 1972, undated" 2425:, in 1904, he organized a black boycott of Richmond, Virginia's segregated trolley system 1925: 1838:

Rosa Parks 100th Birthday Commemoration at The Henry Ford, Dearborn, MI, February 4, 2013

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Parks participated in activism nationally during the mid-1960s, traveling to support the

1011: 834:) who were arrested in Montgomery for not giving up their bus seats months before Parks. 805: 711: 526: 510: 491: 265: 194: 20491: 14580: 8306: 3638:. Vol. 37, no. 208. New York. Associated Press. February 23, 1956. p. 3. 2531: 932:, a relative newcomer to Montgomery, who was a young and mostly unknown minister of the 220:

resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the

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Freedom's Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970

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sitting on the bus, in the same row on the opposite side from where Parks was arrested.

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With her body and casket returned to Detroit, for two days, Parks lay in repose at the

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The Beloved Community: How Faith Shapes Social Justice from the Civil Rights to Today

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2003: Bus No. 2857, on which Parks was riding, was restored and placed on display in

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A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr

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named Parks one of the 20 most influential and iconic figures of the 20th century.

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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

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sixty years earlier, arrested for her refusal to move to the back of the bus.")

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1992: She received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award along with Dr.

367:, in the early nineteenth century, and remained a member throughout her life. 21379: 21117: 21064: 20982: 20958: 20953: 20829: 19552: 19534: 19524: 19494: 19439: 19394: 19379: 19324: 19314: 19299: 19249: 19244: 19214: 19011: 18939: 18762: 18641: 18571: 18419: 18285: 18108: 18038: 17943: 17793: 17728: 17713: 17703: 17663: 17588: 17578: 17538: 17523: 17413: 17403: 17363: 17313: 17188: 17113: 17083: 16219: 16053: 16018: 15983: 15948: 15934: 15895: 15853: 15765: 15744: 15723: 15702: 15653: 15565: 15348: 15252: 15244: 15156: 15096: 15088: 15080: 15000: 14968: 14668: 14479: 14473: 14293: 14230: 14218: 14201: 14195: 14189: 14177: 13929: 13898: 13852: 13748: 13717: 13687: 13671: 13636: 13631: 13605: 13549: 13465: 13460: 13394: 13384: 13343: 13328: 13313: 13308: 13282: 13150: 12960: 12955: 12925: 12854: 12819: 12783: 12677: 12657: 12577: 12511: 12421: 12212: 12090: 12085: 12009: 12004: 11681: 11661: 11549: 11518: 11483: 11340: 11124: 11001: 10570: 10535: 10509: 10453: 10418: 10295: 10270: 9860: 9431: 9127: 9043: 8777: 8539: 8366: 8104: 8064: 8045: 7934:"Barbie launches new 'Inspiring Women' dolls honoring Rosa Parks, Sally Ride" 7872:"Nicki Minaj Slammed For Rosa Parks Reference in Preview of New Song 'Yikes'" 7755:"Film to focus on Georgia Tech, fight against segregation at 1956 Sugar Bowl" 5306: 5229: 4761: 4707: 3907: 2601: 2250: 2222: 1879: 1717: 1703: 1424: 1157:

sites throughout the country. Parks also served on the Board of Advocates of

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on October 24, 2005, at the age of 92, in her apartment on the east side of

21144: 20847: 20816: 19864: 19632: 19557: 19529: 19514: 19499: 19454: 19429: 19409: 19319: 19289: 19284: 19254: 19204: 19056: 18742: 18601: 18581: 18103: 18058: 18053: 18013: 17848: 17828: 17783: 17718: 17653: 17638: 17553: 17543: 17498: 17448: 17438: 17428: 17398: 17393: 17383: 17368: 17328: 17263: 17243: 17238: 17218: 17213: 17203: 17163: 17118: 17088: 16471: 16142: 16117: 16089: 16057: 16004: 15969: 15888: 15737: 15674: 15639: 15509: 15462: 15356: 15324: 15300: 15196: 15172: 15140: 15068: 15016: 15008: 14936: 14820: 14788: 14620: 14337: 14171: 13959: 13934: 13878: 13753: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13610: 13590: 13585: 13514: 13450: 13445: 13430: 13425: 13120: 13094: 13079: 13054: 13029: 12875: 12708: 12607: 12531: 12486: 12295: 12290: 12280: 12233: 12228: 12111: 12039: 12014: 11989: 11943: 11771: 11554: 11228: 11149: 10965: 10960: 10634: 10609: 10372: 10341: 10173: 10153: 9952: 9942: 9829: 9804: 9480: 8772: 8735: 8371: 5944: 4975: 4202: 3486:

black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power

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She received the first Governor's Medal of Honor for Extraordinary Courage.

1529: 1453: 1442: 1417: 1258: 1217: 1121: 1022: 1015: 801: 754: 416: 364: 360: 356: 253: 7724:"Rosa Parks documentary on Peacock redefines the legend's courageous life" 6966:"Presidential Proclamation – 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Rosa Parks" 4687: 3048:. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. pp. x, 133–138. 659: 21345: 21269: 20987: 20970: 19884: 19869: 19717: 19680: 19519: 19474: 19459: 19224: 19219: 19066: 18621: 18591: 18218: 18182: 18123: 18118: 18078: 18028: 17963: 17958: 17868: 17818: 17748: 17743: 17683: 17668: 17518: 17513: 17378: 17258: 17228: 17168: 17133: 16394: 16170: 16124: 16046: 16025: 15902: 15874: 15804: 15790: 15716: 15688: 15660: 15646: 15516: 15420: 15316: 15048: 15024: 14944: 14503: 14432: 14236: 13908: 13580: 13379: 13369: 13206: 13140: 13074: 12768: 12567: 12456: 12426: 12034: 11974: 11761: 11432: 11119: 10514: 7673: 7490:"Rosa Parks statue for Alabama State Capitol grounds gets final approval" 7218:"After years in Lockdown, Rosa Parks' Papers Head To Library of Congress" 6969: 6702: 6699:"President Signs H.R. 4145 to Place Statue of Rosa Parks in U.S. Capitol" 5807:, NAACP, no date but list goes through 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 5442: 4512: 4446: 4159: 3192: 3005: 2910:

The Records of Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church 1760-1972

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She was awarded two dozen honorary doctorates from universities worldwide

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In 1944, in her capacity as secretary, she investigated the gang-rape of

462: 344: 335:. In addition to African ancestry, one of Parks's great-grandfathers was 232: 8253:

Complete audio/video and newspaper archive of the Montgomery bus boycott

6205: 5095: 4689:

Want to start a revolution?: radical women in the black freedom struggle

1021:

Parks rendered crucial assistance in the first campaign for Congress by

21014: 21004: 20789: 19404: 19374: 19369: 19118: 19086: 18925: 18893: 18245: 17903: 17803: 17673: 17648: 17593: 17493: 17108: 17078: 16110: 16032: 15909: 15818: 15811: 15709: 15558: 15292: 15260: 15220: 15124: 15104: 15052: 15040: 14692: 14025:

NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

13763: 13758: 13570: 13272: 13059: 12905: 12880: 12572: 12285: 12254: 12121: 11574: 11544: 10128: 10087: 10056: 9977: 9865: 9436: 9185: 9064: 8279: 7033:"Rosa Parks stamp unveiled for late civil rights icon's 100th birthday" 6122: 4329:"Parks Recalls Bus Boycott, Excerpts from an interview with Lynn Neary" 4276:"Parks Recalls Bus Boycott, Excerpts from an interview with Lynn Neary" 3767:"Parks Recalls Bus Boycott, Excerpts from an interview with Lynn Neary" 2261: 2034: 1759: 1748: 1721: 1649: 1117: 991:

his wife or the legal case. Parks traveled and spoke about the issues.

576: 450:, which at the time was collecting money to support the defense of the 296: 158: 19755:

Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)

14280:

NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

8203: 7063:"Rosa Parks: First Statue of African-American Female to Grace Capitol" 6588:"Those Who Have Lain in State or in Honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda" 6092: 3390: 1465:

and others at the Kennedy Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.

792:

Parks did not originate the idea of protesting segregation with a bus

231:, and organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including 21466:

American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent

21182: 21082: 21046: 20033: 19879: 19384: 19168: 19106: 19001: 18223: 17693: 17678: 16156: 15681: 14491: 14047: 13893: 13277: 13024: 12461: 11006: 10082: 9143: 6676: 4941: 4383: 2042: 1986: 1737: 1233: 1042: 781:, president of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and leader of the 634:

Booking photo of Parks following her February 1956 arrest during the

628: 332: 244: 18680: 8252: 7302:"black Fashion Museum Collection Finds a Fine Home With Smithsonian" 6766: 391:, passed after Democrats regained control of southern legislatures, 21009: 20506: 20501: 20011: 17583: 15832: 15607: 15308: 14308: 13888: 13333: 8096:, Rosa Parks, a tired seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama, was, like 8050: 6480:. Wayne State University Office of Communications. August 2, 2002. 5446: 2314: 2245: 2062:

2023: Rosa Parks statue approved for Alabama State Capitol grounds.

1751:, announced that the Hempstead Transit Center would be renamed the 1282: 1239:

In 1999, Parks filmed a cameo appearance for the television series

1205:, a secure high-rise apartment building. Learning of Parks's move, 909: 300: 171: 19770:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

6207: 5943:. National Coalition of 100 black Women. p. 3. Archived from 5130:

Biography.com from the section titled 'Life After the Bus Boycott'

1213:

offered to pay for her housing expenses for as long as necessary.

19123: 18172: 16226: 8273: 6880:. Capital Public Radio, California State University, Sacramento. 3267:

Icons of black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries

2305: 2109: 1393: 1386: 1347:. Parks was interred between her husband and mother at Detroit's 1286: 1278: 703:

After working all day, Parks boarded the Cleveland Avenue bus, a

249: 202: 90: 16198: 8182: 4517:"Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies" 3010:"Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies" 2150:

The No. 2857 bus on which Parks was riding before her arrest (a

978: 351:, where her younger brother Sylvester was born. Rosa joined the 19957: 18240: 8265:

Rosa Parks: cadre of working-class movement that ended Jim Crow

8207: 7968: 7157:"Newark home to state's first Rosa Parks statue, officials say" 6822:. Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Archived from 2357:

in Parks's likeness as part of their "Inspiring Women" series.

2354: 2350: 1982: 1965: 1841: 1113: 793: 726:

I didn't." The black man sitting next to her gave up his seat.

584: 312: 5535:"Brown University cancels Rosa Parks house display in dispute" 5504:"Saved From Demolition, Rosa Parks's House Gets a Second Life" 564:, a black civil rights leader from Mississippi who headed the 19769: 16975: 7459:"Biden's new-look Oval Office is a nod to past US leadership" 2631:"Commentary: Rosa Parks' Role In The Civil Rights Movement". 2174: 1961: 1861:

On February 4, to celebrate Rosa Parks's 100th birthday, the

1797:

opened in Detroit at the corner of Michigan and Cass Avenues.

447: 316: 190: 8160: 8024:

Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit

6643:"Burien man charged in hit-and-run | The Seattle Times" 5025:

Oppedahl, John (June 19, 1972). "12,000 Hail Angela Davis".

580:

The seat layout on the bus where Parks sat, December 1, 1955

39: 20884:

Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)

19814: 16096: 6985: 6718: 6450:

100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia

5043:"Gary Tyler a free man after more than 4 decades in Angola" 3451:"Justice Department to Investigate 1955 Emmett Till Murder" 2025:

A statue of Rosa Parks was unveiled in Montgomery, Alabama.

1886: 1732:

joined the coin toss ceremonies, standing alongside former

1619:

system, the Imperial Highway/Wilmington station, where the

308: 170:(February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American 9592: 3913:

Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965

2789:. Lipper/Viking; excerpt published in The New York Times. 395:

was imposed in public facilities and retail stores in the

207:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

8336: 8161:

The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development

7090: 7088: 5817:

NAACP Honors Congressman Conyers With 92nd Spingarn Medal

5473:"Rosa Parks's death stirs up bitter feud over her estate" 4686:

Gore, Dayo F; Theoharis, Jeanne; Woodard, Komozi (2009).

4650:"The Real Rosa Parks Story Is Better Than the Fairy Tale" 4332: 4279: 4143:

Rustin, Bayard (July 1942). "Non-Violence vs. Jim Crow".

4088:

The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A History and Reference Guide

3770: 3488:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 138–139. 1026: 283:, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's 7429:"Alabama unveils statue of civil rights icon Rosa Parks" 7009:. Library of Congress. December 19, 2012. Archived from 5565:"House Where Rosa Parks Sought Refuge Will Be Displayed" 4451:"Grier Integrated a Game and Earned the World's Respect" 4274:

Parks, Rosa (1992). "Main Reason For Keeping Her Seat".

3765:

Parks, Rosa (1992). "Main Reason For Keeping Her Seat".

3542: 3540: 2312:", the most successful radio single of their 1998 album 2308:

and their record company, claiming that the duo's song "

1938:

A statue of Parks by Thomas Jay Warren was dedicated at

1544:

Her home state awarded her the Alabama Academy of Honor,

1059:

In the aftermath Parks collaborated with members of the

501:

In the 1940s, Parks and her husband were members of the

494:, she attended meetings with her husband. The notorious 18425:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

18203:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)" 7965:"Barbie Releases Dolls Honoring Rosa Parks, Sally Ride" 3886:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. x. 3729: 3727: 3725: 2419:, desegregated streetcars in San Francisco in the 1860s 1994:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

498:

had been brought to prominence by the Communist Party.

319:

commemorate the anniversary of her arrest, December 1.

18449:

African American founding fathers of the United States

16802:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

16667:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

7786:

Transitions: Race, Culture, and the Dynamics of Change

7085: 5772:. Walter P. Reuther Library. p. 1. Archived from 5650:

Wilgoren, Debbi; Labbe, Theola S. (November 1, 2005).

4877:"From Alabama to Detroit: Rosa Parks' Rebellious Life" 4165:

Reporting Civil Rights: American journalism, 1941–1963

3501:"Emmett Till | The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks" 3421:"How 'Communism' Brought Racial Equality To The South" 812:

in 1952, and the members of the ultimately successful

16274: 7841:"Nicki Minaj Responds to Rosa Parks Lyrics Criticism" 6233: 6125:. United States Library of Congress. March 16, 2000. 5339:"Ilitch aids civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, others" 3537: 2532:"An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks" 2154:, serial number 1132) is now a museum exhibit at the 1668:

On that anniversary, President George W. Bush signed

1500:, the highest honor given by the US executive branch. 1151:

Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development

1108:

Defense Committee, and also worked in support of the

287:. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman to 8298: 4692:. New York: New York University Press. p. 126. 4685: 4327:

Parks, Rosa (1992). "On the possibility of Arrest".

3722: 3361:"Opinion: It's time to free Rosa Parks from the bus" 2364: 1779:, renamed MetroCenter Boulevard (8th Avenue North) ( 1437:

Parks was invited to be part of the group welcoming

1406:

1980: She received the Martin Luther King Jr. Award.

1336:

Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

1319:

The casket of Rosa Parks at the U.S. Capitol rotunda

994:

In 1957, Raymond and Rosa Parks left Montgomery for

537:. There Parks was mentored by the veteran organizer 505:. Sometime soon after 1944, she held a brief job at 476:. Parks and other civil rights activists organized " 18497:

Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

7356: 7354: 6905:"Detroit's Rosa Parks Transit Center opens Tuesday" 3663:"Alabama officer recalls 1955 arrest of Rosa Parks" 2881: 2560: 2331:"All you bitches Rosa Park, uh-oh, get your ass up" 2009:, a public sculpture of Parks, was unveiled on the 1560:the Rosa Parks Library and Museum on the campus of 513:, did not permit racial segregation because it was 446:, a barber from Montgomery. He was a member of the 15467:100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century 8178:Rosa Parks bus on display at the Henry Ford Museum 7788:. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. p. 126. 6936:"West Valley City renames street after Rosa Parks" 5890:"Rosa Parks Awards recognize community engagement" 5072:"Editorial: Rosa Parks' legacy: non-violent power" 4961: 4150: 3965: 3483: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2780: 2507: 1762:signed a bill into law designating the portion of 1670: 21125: 8184:Teaching and Learning Rosa Parks' Rebellious Life 6328:"Alabama Puts Rosa Parks In Its Academy Of Honor" 6234:McCauley, Byron; Mark Curnutte (August 2, 2019). 5532: 5425:Masius, John (May 2, 1999). "black Like Monica". 5285:"Man Gets Prison Term For Attack on Rosa Parks", 5257:"1994 Mugging Reveals Rosa Park's True Character" 2275:included a song about Parks in its fifth series. 1100:In the 1970s, Parks organized for the freedom of 682:card of Parks from her arrest on December 1, 1955 21377: 19805:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 17033:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 7351: 5682: 5085:, October 31, 2005. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 3733: 3259: 3257: 1981:. It was subsequently dismantled and shipped to 1189:(1995), her memoir, which focuses on her faith. 665:Police report on Parks, December 1, 1955, page 2 651:Police report on Parks, December 1, 1955, page 1 571: 224:of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 19850:Black players in professional American football 19800:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 17023:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 16956:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 16847:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 11321:Les Meres et Debutantes Club of Greater Lansing 7810:"Rosa Parks and Rap Duo Outkast Settle Lawsuit" 7154: 7007:Congressional Record 112th Congress (2011–2012) 5049:. New Orleans. Associated Press. Archived from 4115:Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott 2937: 2606:"Parting the Waters: America in the King Years" 2049:. The sculpture is currently displayed next to 1600:Humanitarian Award from Wayne State University. 339:, and one of her great-grandmothers was a part– 18502:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 6844: 6206:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, 5597:. Architect of the Capitol. December 1, 2009. 4937:"Stamp ceremony kicks off day in Parks' honor" 4331:(radio interview). Interviewed by Lynn Neary. 4278:(radio interview). Interviewed by Lynn Neary. 4251:. Kinginstitute.stanford.edu. April 24, 2017. 3769:(radio interview). Interviewed by Lynn Neary. 3484:Beito, David T.; Royster Beito, Linda (2009). 3220: 3218: 2720:"Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday" 1482:1994: She received an honorary doctorate from 1475:1994: She received an honorary doctorate from 1220:applied to sponsor a portion of United States 430:By January 1, 1946, Parks was a member of the 20730: 18696: 18410:List of lynching victims in the United States 16748:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 16260: 15448: 14519: 14264: 14009: 11929: 9578: 8322: 8276:archive of front page images from 2005-10-25. 7390: 7388: 5767:"Rosa L. Parks Collection. Papers, 1955–1976" 5649: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 3691: 3254: 1804:, a plaza in the heart of the city was named 457:In December 1943, Parks became active in the 343:slave. As a child, she suffered from chronic 19563:Historically black colleges and universities 8197: 8166:Parks article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama 7514:Litchfield, Robyn Bradley (March 16, 2003). 7245:"Why Rosa Parks' house now stands in Berlin" 7003:"Observing the 100th Birthday of Rosa Parks" 6875: 6847:"State building renamed to honor Rosa Parks" 6673:"National Transit Tribute to Rosa Parks Day" 5154: 4817:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Rosa Parks" 4783:"Parks remembered for her courage, humility" 4547: 4480: 4478: 4476: 3320: 3318: 2259:", of the science-fiction television series 1882:and was also a declared event by the Senate. 1505:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center 877:The next day, Parks was tried on charges of 585:Montgomery buses: law and prevailing customs 327:Rosa Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley in 201:'s order to vacate a row of 4 seats in the " 21451:Activists for African-American civil rights 16877:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 8222:"Civil Rights Pioneer Rosa Parks 1913–2005" 7609:"Rosa Parks boycotts NAACP awards ceremony" 7118: 6725: 6556:"TriMet MAX station name honors Rosa Parks" 5443:"Landlord won't ask Rosa Parks to pay rent" 4378: 4376: 3881: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3293:"Rosa Parks, civil rights icon, dead at 92" 3215: 2782:"Chapter 1 (excerpt): 'Up From Pine Level'" 2199:Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject 1491:Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award 1396:renamed 12th Street "Rosa Parks Boulevard". 21481:Civil rights protests in the United States 20949:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984) 20737: 20723: 18703: 18689: 16926:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 16267: 16253: 15455: 15441: 14533: 14526: 14512: 14271: 14257: 14016: 14002: 11936: 11922: 9585: 9571: 8329: 8315: 8046:"Rosa Parks, Strategic Activist (sidebar)" 7513: 7397:"Statue commemorating Rosa Parks unveiled" 7385: 7277:. WaterFire Arts Center. August 14, 2018. 6997: 6995: 6933: 6532:. TriMet. February 4, 2009. Archived from 6448:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). "Rosa Parks". 5737:"What was behind the Bristol bus boycott?" 4714: 4484: 3734:Williams, Donnie; Greenhaw, Wayne (2005). 3224: 3158: 1381:1963: Inspired by the Montgomery boycott, 480:for Mrs. Recy Taylor", launching what the 378:Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes 38: 16:American civil rights activist (1913–2005) 19780:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC) 18482:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 8063: 7783: 7669:"Doctor Who – Series 11 – Episode 3 Rosa" 7577:"'Barbershop' actor to host Image Awards" 7394: 6934:Neugebauer, Cimaron (November 15, 2012). 6820:"Tennessee Career Center at Metro Center" 6530:"MAX station renamed to honor Rosa Parks" 5734: 5367: 5254: 5183: 4967: 4811: 4729: 4644: 4473: 4241: 3847: 3845: 3824:"Civil rights icon Rosa Parks dies at 92" 3315: 3087: 3085: 3037: 3035: 2956: 2653: 2389:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal 2265:, centers on Rosa Parks, as portrayed by 837: 178:, best known for her pivotal role in the 21521:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 21516:Political prisoners in the United States 18517:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 16557:University of Georgia desegregation riot 8193:. National Women's History Museum. 2017. 7931: 7869: 7361:Contrera, Jessica (September 25, 2016). 7360: 5917:. Hall.michiganwomen.org. Archived from 5337:Botta, Christopher (February 24, 2014). 5184:Levintova, Hannah (September 17, 2015). 5024: 5000:"The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks" 4373: 4000:. Academy of Achievement. June 2, 1995. 3906: 3811: 3263: 3094:"Montgomery Industrial School for Girls" 3045:African American Quiltmaking in Michigan 2850: 2848: 2846: 2778: 1920:, was named in her memory. The official 1743:On February 14, the County Executive of 1358: 1314: 1172: 1102:political prisoners in the United States 1087: 977: 575: 21471:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 18431:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 18168:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 18163:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 8241:American Archive of Public Broadcasting 7330: 7242: 7215: 6992: 6452:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 6385:Cain, Tambra K. (2004). "Parks, Rosa". 5747:from the original on September 11, 2019 5664:from the original on September 20, 2018 5501: 5002:. Rosa Parks' Biography. May 18, 2016. 4422:Civil Rights History from the Ground Up 4357:. NPR. October 25, 2005. Archived from 4304:. NPR. October 25, 2005. Archived from 4026:The Birth of the Montgomery Bus Boycott 3795:. NPR. October 25, 2005. Archived from 3612:from the original on September 20, 2018 3358: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2325:incorporated Rosa Parks into her song " 2033:On January 20, a bust of Rosa Parks by 1553:She was made an honorary member of the 1045:, who she regarded as a personal hero. 789:bailed Parks out of jail that evening. 21476:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit) 21378: 20853:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921) 20679:Topics related to the African diaspora 19785:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) 18345:African-American women in the movement 16797:White House Conference on Civil Rights 16628:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 8123:The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks 8043: 7765:from the original on November 28, 2022 7601: 7585:. Associated Press. January 25, 2003. 7532: 7373:from the original on September 6, 2017 7339:from the original on September 1, 2017 7312:from the original on November 11, 2012 7299: 7136:from the original on December 21, 2016 7073:from the original on February 24, 2021 6946:from the original on November 18, 2012 6617:"Rosa Parks Honored on Metro Bus Fleet 6598:from the original on November 16, 2020 6447: 6308:from the original on February 20, 2019 6155:from the original on December 15, 2016 6123:"Rosa Parks Speaks at Soka University" 6073:from the original on February 28, 2021 6047:from the original on November 15, 2019 5887: 5545:from the original on December 14, 2020 5449:. Associated Press. December 6, 2004. 5424: 5349:from the original on February 16, 2017 5255:Theoharis, Jeanne (February 2, 2013). 5236:from the original on February 23, 2022 5198:from the original on February 17, 2017 5136:from the original on November 25, 2015 5106:from the original on February 23, 2022 4971:The rebellious life of Mrs. Rosa Parks 4887:from the original on December 11, 2014 4793:from the original on February 26, 2021 4596:from the original on February 23, 2013 4445: 4418: 4228: 4195: 4168:. Library of America. pp. 15–18. 4142: 4084: 4053: 4022: 3882:Houck, Davis; Grindy, Matthew (2008). 3863:from the original on December 14, 2021 3842: 3505:The Rebellious Life of MRS. Rosa Parks 3359:McGuire, Danielle (December 1, 2012). 3303:from the original on February 17, 2012 3290: 3140:from the original on September 5, 2008 3082: 3041: 3032: 3020:from the original on December 15, 2018 2963:The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks 2854: 2819:"Why You Need to Know the Scots-Irish" 2730:from the original on December 11, 2019 2693:Legislative Reference Library of Texas 2608:. Simon & Schuster. Archived from 2600: 2298:In March 1999, Parks filed a lawsuit ( 2280:The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks 2197:(2001) received a 2002 nomination for 2194:Mighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks 2186: 1889:unveiled a postage stamp in her honor. 20718: 20659:Landmark African-American legislation 18710: 18684: 16786:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 16248: 15731:Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein 15436: 14507: 14252: 13997: 13814: 13486: 12991: 12316: 12147: 11956: 11917: 11743: 11170: 10591: 10003: 9604: 9566: 9457: 9243: 9020: 8798: 8565: 8348: 8310: 8297: 7962: 7752: 7721: 7619:from the original on November 5, 2013 7589:from the original on October 15, 2012 7487: 7469:from the original on January 22, 2021 7439:from the original on December 7, 2019 7224:from the original on February 8, 2015 7043:from the original on February 5, 2013 6976:from the original on January 25, 2017 6915:from the original on January 11, 2010 6216:from the original on October 25, 2021 6209:International Freedom Conductor Award 5991:from the original on February 7, 2021 5798:Spingarn Medal Winners: 1915 to Today 5717:, Bristol: Bristol Broadsides, 1986. 5683:Santiago Esparza (November 3, 2005). 5575:from the original on October 25, 2020 5453:from the original on December 8, 2013 5368:Rosenthal, Ilena (February 4, 2003). 5336: 5318:from the original on February 7, 2021 4949:from the original on October 19, 2017 4681: 4679: 4626:. Stanford University. April 24, 2017 4511: 4326: 4273: 4198:"Civil rights heroes may get pardons" 4111: 3998:"Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights" 3940: 3884:Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press 3764: 3673:from the original on December 5, 2018 3642:from the original on January 26, 2020 3600:"She Set Wheels of Justice in Motion" 3579:from the original on January 31, 2018 3498: 3324: 3225:Crewe, Sabrina; Walsh, Frank (2002). 3106:from the original on February 6, 2023 3004: 2843: 2760:from the original on January 26, 2022 2699:from the original on October 21, 2021 2542:from the original on December 5, 2020 2464:Timeline of the civil rights movement 2181: 1758:On October 27, Pennsylvania Governor 1429:National Coalition of 100 black Women 1061:League of Revolutionary Black Workers 21406:21st-century African-American people 21401:20th-century African-American people 19790:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) 18554:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 17018:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 16966:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 16912:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 16389:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 16314:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 8270:Print media reaction to Parks' death 7975:from the original on August 29, 2019 7944:from the original on August 27, 2019 7900: 7838: 7649:from the original on August 27, 2019 7488:ROCHA, ALANDER (December 11, 2023). 7106:from the original on October 7, 2010 6902: 6384: 6103:from the original on October 7, 2019 6017:from the original on August 15, 2020 5941:"Candace Award Recipients 1982–1990" 5601:from the original on August 17, 2012 5161:Encyclopedia of Motherhood, Volume 1 4548:Parks, Rosa; Haskins, James (1992). 4382: 3661:Yawn, Andrew J. (December 5, 2018). 3660: 3159:Harrington, Walt (October 8, 1995). 2991: 2884:"African Methodist Episcopal Church" 2816: 2669:from the original on October 5, 2016 2269:. The UK children's historical show 2217:(2002) featured a barber, played by 1896:. The monument, created by sculptor 1354: 1268: 1147:Rosa L. Parks Scholarship Foundation 566:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 21491:Congressional Gold Medal recipients 21436:African-American history of Alabama 21416:21st-century African-American women 21411:20th-century African-American women 20765:State funerals in the United States 20144:African-American Vernacular English 16961:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 16897:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 16567:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 11084:Sister Mary Francilene Van de Vyver 8213:"Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies" 8111:. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1992. 7932:Caviness, Sarah (August 27, 2019). 7870:Saponara, Michael (April 2, 2020). 7615:. Associated Press. March 9, 2003. 7395:Ouellette, Polly (April 14, 2018). 7331:Limbong, Andrew (August 31, 2017). 7255:from the original on April 10, 2017 7216:Cornish, Audie (February 7, 2015). 7197:from the original on April 20, 2023 7167:from the original on April 20, 2023 7155:Jessica Mazzola (October 2, 2014). 6884:from the original on March 28, 2019 6857:from the original on April 23, 2019 6801:from the original on March 31, 2018 6765:. birdsofwinter.com. Archived from 6278:from the original on March 31, 2023 6187:from the original on March 19, 2023 6129:from the original on March 24, 2016 5839:from the original on April 23, 2013 5652:"An Overflowing Tribute to an Icon" 5533:Michelle R. Smith (March 9, 2018). 5267:from the original on April 28, 2019 5006:from the original on March 14, 2017 4857:from the original on March 15, 2017 4355:"Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies" 4302:"Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies" 4229:Waxman, Olivia B. (July 29, 2020). 4210:from the original on March 24, 2017 3966:Parks, Rosa; James Haskins (1992). 3853:"Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies" 3793:"Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks Dies" 3597: 3455:United States Department of Justice 2717: 1918:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 1770:as the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway. 1753:Rosa Parks Hempstead Transit Center 1564:in Montgomery was dedicated to her. 1448:Parks was in attendance as part of 1039:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 749:During a 1956 radio interview with 307:on her birthday, February 4, while 13: 21456:Activists from Montgomery, Alabama 20062:U.S. cities with large populations 19765:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 18405:African-American churches attacked 16971:Montgomery Improvement Association 16946:Georgia Council on Human Relations 16931:Council of Federated Organizations 16902:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 16660:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 16618:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot 16424:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 16328:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 8289:Photo of Rosa Parks Childhood Home 8026:, Columbia University Press, 1983. 7991: 7882:from the original on June 17, 2020 7851:from the original on June 26, 2020 7820:from the original on March 7, 2023 7734:from the original on March 7, 2023 6743:from the original on June 11, 2007 6709:from the original on July 15, 2009 6653:from the original on April 5, 2023 6564:. February 3, 2009. Archived from 6510:from the original on June 14, 2012 6484:from the original on March 3, 2020 6246:from the original on March 1, 2021 5691:. The Detroit News. Archived from 5685:"Parks to remain private in death" 4676: 4461:from the original on June 20, 2015 4255:from the original on July 10, 2022 4004:from the original on March 9, 2020 3830:from the original on March 2, 2021 3511:from the original on March 1, 2017 3461:from the original on March 9, 2021 3431:from the original on April 2, 2021 3401:from the original on March 9, 2021 3203:from the original on March 2, 2024 3091: 3070:from the original on April 9, 2023 2659:"How History Got Rosa Parks Wrong" 2512:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 2447:Cleveland Court Apartments 620–638 1675:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 1399:1979: The NAACP awarded Parks the 1198:another state for his own safety. 926:Montgomery Improvement Association 613: 353:African Methodist Episcopal Church 14: 21537: 18935:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013 18931:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 18738:African American founding fathers 18477:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 18350:Jews in the civil rights movement 12096:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 11601:American Legion NUWARINE Post 535 8137: 8090:. p. 38. ("Within a year of 7963:Macht, Daniel (August 27, 2019). 7913:from the original on June 5, 2015 7839:Song, Sandra (February 7, 2020). 7722:Hinds, Julie (October 19, 2022). 7281:from the original on July 5, 2018 6845:Paula Kasprzyk (March 19, 2008). 6419:"Pioneering Members: Parks, Rosa" 6298:"1999 State of the Union Address" 5514:from the original on May 29, 2019 5431:. Season 5. Episode 23. CBS. CBS. 5302:"Assailant Recognized Rosa Parks" 4827:from the original on July 6, 2015 4529:from the original on May 29, 2015 3632:"Call Pilgrimage in Ala. Boycott" 3291:Feeney, Mark (October 25, 2005). 1902:National Statuary Hall Collection 1037:, the Freedom Now Party, and the 965:out, 'I can take it no longer.'" 509:, which, despite its location in 437: 355:(AME), a century-old independent 21496:Deaths from dementia in Michigan 20697: 19815:United Negro College Fund (UNCF) 18960:Nadir of American race relations 18671:Civil rights movement portal 18664: 18512:Freedom Riders National Monument 18254:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 16766:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 16725:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 16612:Second Emancipation Proclamation 11895:Traverse City Ladies Association 8757:Mary Elizabeth Phillips Thompson 8299:Awards and Honors for Rosa Parks 7956: 7925: 7894: 7863: 7832: 7802: 7777: 7759:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 7746: 7715: 7693: 7661: 7631: 7569: 7526: 7507: 7481: 7451: 7421: 7324: 7293: 7267: 7236: 7209: 7179: 7148: 7055: 7025: 6958: 6927: 6896: 6869: 6838: 6812: 6781: 6755: 6691: 6665: 6635: 6610: 6580: 6548: 6522: 6496: 6466: 6441: 6411: 6378: 6350: 6320: 6290: 6258: 6227: 6199: 6167: 6141: 6115: 6085: 6059: 6029: 6003: 5971: 5951: 5933: 5907: 5881: 5851: 5825: 5810: 5791: 5759: 5728: 5707: 5676: 5483:from the original on May 9, 2021 5163:. Sage Publishing. p. 969. 4589:. University of North Carolina. 4196:Borger, Julian (April 3, 2006). 3740:. Chicago Review Press. p. 3703:. pp. 26–29. Archived from 3692:Larry Plachno (September 2002). 3598:Woo, Elaine (October 25, 2005). 3161:"A Person Who Wanted To Be Free" 2482:Ruth Bonner was the daughter of 2476: 2395: 2381: 2367: 2240:In 2013, Parks was portrayed by 2163: 2143: 2131: 2116: 2098: 2083: 2068: 1832: 1627:, has been officially named the 1468:1993: She was inducted into the 1441:upon his release from prison in 1303:United States Secretary of State 968: 689: 672: 658: 644: 627: 157: 21461:Alabama State University alumni 21368:: Presidents and chief justices 18821:Civil rights movement 1954–1968 18811:Civil rights movement 1865–1896 18539:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 18527:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 17003:National Council of Negro Women 16941:Deacons for Defense and Justice 13166:Harriet Williams Russell Strong 11219:Dorean Marguerite Hurley Koenig 7903:"Supersisters: Original Roster" 7243:Schließ, Gero (April 7, 2017). 6876:Randol White (March 26, 2019). 6175:"Presidential Medal of Freedom" 5979:"Part of I-475 named for Parks" 5915:"Michigan Women's Hall of Fame" 5643: 5613: 5587: 5557: 5526: 5495: 5465: 5435: 5418: 5392: 5361: 5330: 5294: 5279: 5248: 5210: 5177: 5148: 5118: 5088: 5065: 5035: 5018: 4992: 4929: 4899: 4869: 4839: 4805: 4775: 4638: 4608: 4572: 4541: 4505: 4439: 4425:. University of Georgia Press. 4412: 4320: 4267: 4222: 4189: 4136: 4105: 4078: 4047: 4023:Wright, Roberta Hughes (1991). 4016: 3990: 3959: 3934: 3900: 3875: 3758: 3685: 3654: 3624: 3591: 3561: 3523: 3492: 3477: 3443: 3413: 3383: 3352: 3284: 3185: 3152: 3118: 2901: 2875: 2817:Webb, James (October 3, 2004). 2810: 2772: 2726:. A&E Television Networks. 2689:"HB 3481, 87th Regular Session" 2304:) against American hip-hop duo 2237:ceremony, which Cedric hosted. 2015:Georgia Institute of Technology 1640:On October 30, 2005, President 1125:2016 after 41 years in prison. 886:'s Lynn Neary, Parks recalled: 796:. Those preceding her included 544:In August 1955, black teenager 490:Although never a member of the 478:The Committee for Equal Justice 21506:American nonviolence advocates 19810:Thurgood Marshall College Fund 18816:Civil right movement 1896–1954 16419:Mansfield school desegregation 15608:Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel 12845:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose 9170:Mary Celesta Johnson Weatherly 7901:Wulf, Steve (March 23, 2015). 7300:Givhan, Robin (May 23, 2010). 7275:"The Rosa Parks House Project" 7126:"284996 Rosaparks (2010 LD58)" 6387:Encyclopedia of Women's Health 6366:. December 18, 2000. p. 8 6013:. The Peace Abbey Foundation. 5888:Uribes, Tom (March 23, 2015). 5595:"Those Who Have Lain in State" 5502:McGrane, Sally (May 2, 2017). 5218:"Rosa Parks Robbed and Beaten" 3233:. Gareth Stevens. p. 15. 2858:Rosa Parks: Tired of Giving In 2742: 2711: 2681: 2647: 2624: 2594: 2554: 2524: 2500: 1724:, long-time Detroit residents 1652:on the day of Parks's funeral. 1579:100 Greatest African Americans 525:, a white couple. Politically 1: 21511:People from Tuskegee, Alabama 19990:Cherokee freedmen controversy 18966:The Negro Motorist Green Book 18549:National Voting Rights Museum 18492:Civil Rights Movement Archive 18291:Lynching in the United States 18178:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 16633:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 16606:University of Chicago sit-ins 16373:Davis v. Prince Edward County 15474:Leaders & revolutionaries 13815: 13487: 12992: 12317: 12148: 11957: 11946:National Women's Hall of Fame 10103:Virginia Cecile Blomer Nordby 9633:Mamie Geraldine Neale Bledsoe 9594:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame 8152:Rosa Parks Library and Museum 8044:Morris, Aldon (Summer 2012). 6795:Pennsylvania General Assembly 6395:10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_323 6041:National Women's Hall of Fame 5859:"Parks to be honored tonight" 5735:Jon Kelly (August 27, 2013). 5621:"U.S. Senate: 404 Error Page" 5370:"Happy Birthday, Rosa Parks!" 4587:NC Civic Education Consortium 4485:Washington, James M. (1991). 3391:"More Than A Seat On The Bus" 2493: 1787:) as Rosa L. Parks Boulevard. 1498:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1470:National Women's Hall of Fame 1414:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame 1093: 572:Parks' arrest and bus boycott 322: 277:Presidential Medal of Freedom 260:. She was also active in the 18544:National Civil Rights Museum 18400:March on Washington Movement 18385:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 16854:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 13192:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis 11767:Elizabeth Jackson (Michigan) 11037:Woman's Hospital Association 10261:Marie-Therese Guyon Cadillac 9892:Louise (Sally) Langdon Brown 8890:Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis 8338:Alabama Women's Hall of Fame 7701:"Rosa Parks: I Sat on a Bus" 5715:black and white on the Buses 3166:The Washington Post Magazine 2459:List of civil rights leaders 2301:Rosa Parks v. LaFace Records 1916:, discovered in 2010 by the 1576:listed Parks on his list of 1412:1983: She was inducted into 934:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 856:professor and member of the 421:Montgomery Industrial School 197:, Parks rejected bus driver 7: 21441:African-American Methodists 21431:African-American Christians 19860:Black players in ice hockey 19795:National Urban League (NUL) 19621:American Society of Muslims 18859:Selma to Montgomery marches 18779:Brown v. Board of Education 18188:"This Little Light of Mine" 16936:Dallas County Voters League 16882:Atlanta Negro Voters League 16645:Letter from Birmingham Jail 16352:Brown v. Board of Education 14573:William Stanley Braithwaite 13375:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright 12779:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin 11698:Margaret Kirchner Stevenson 10368:Carrie Frazier Rogers-Brown 9638:Elizabeth Margaret Chandler 8932:Elizabeth Burford Bashinsky 8519:Annie Rowan Forney Daugette 7191:Thomas Jay Warren, Sculptor 6903:Shea, Bill (July 9, 2009). 4624:King Institute Encyclopedia 4580:"The Freedom Rides of 1961" 3945:. Basic Books. p. 21. 3650:– via Newspapers.com. 2360: 2244:in the first series of the 2006:Continuing the Conversation 1385:initiated a bus boycott in 1295:African Methodist Episcopal 1035:Selma-to-Montgomery Marches 560:. The featured speaker was 373:Industrial School for Girls 46:Martin Luther King Jr. 21:Rosa Parks (disambiguation) 10: 21542: 21426:African-American activists 21135:Chestnut and Gibson (1998) 21075:Herbert C. Hoover Building 20017:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 19775:Nashville Student Movement 18786:Children of the plantation 18522:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 18390:Holt Street Baptist Church 18360:16th Street Baptist Church 17344:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 16988:Nashville Student Movement 16918:An Appeal for Human Rights 15625:Artists & entertainers 12931:Katharine Dexter McCormick 12229:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones 11382:Marina von Neumann Whitman 10645:Katharine Dexter McCormick 10625:Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy 10378:Waunetta McClellan Dominic 10200:Catherine Carter Blackwell 8398:Margaret Murray Washington 8258:December 13, 2012, at the 8171:December 16, 2014, at the 8072:Editorial (May 17, 1974). 7555:10.2979/blackcamera.3.2.31 7547:10.2979/blackcamera.3.2.31 6625:. Retrieved July 5, 2008. 6266:"Congressional Gold Medal" 6151:. Academy of Achievement. 6011:"List of Award Recipients" 4968:Theoharis, Jeanne (2013). 3534:, 142 F. Supp. 707 (1956). 3427:. NPR. February 16, 2010. 3264:Whitaker, Matthew (2011). 3231:The Montgomery Bus Boycott 3126:"The Story Behind the Bus" 2779:Brinkley, Douglas (2000). 2171:Rosa Parks Railway Station 1958:Rosa Parks Railway Station 1534:State of the Union address 1496:1996: She was awarded the 1493:in Williamsburg, Virginia. 1195:Detroit Receiving Hospital 1004:historically Black college 841: 359:founded by free blacks in 168:Rosa Louise McCauley Parks 18: 21363: 21336: 21258: 21181: 21172: 21116: 21091: 21073: 21055: 21023: 20780: 20771: 20762: 20687: 20654:Index of related articles 20532: 20447: 20171: 20104: 20042: 19942: 19903: 19835: 19828: 19743: 19663: 19655:Doctrine of Father Divine 19601: 19543: 19192: 19047: 19039:Women's suffrage movement 18992:Reconstruction Amendments 18799:Voting Rights Act of 1965 18718: 18660: 18562: 18464: 18278: 18211: 18153: 18132: 18019:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 17989:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 17061: 17053:Women's Political Council 17048:Wednesdays in Mississippi 17043:United Auto Workers (UAW) 17028:Southern Regional Council 16998:Northern Student Movement 16907:Committee for Freedom Now 16867: 16814:Memphis sanitation strike 16780:Voting Rights Act of 1965 16702: 16523:Savannah Protest Movement 16485: 16343: 16304:Journey of Reconciliation 16296: 16283: 16081: 15927:Scientists & thinkers 15926: 15775: 15624: 15473: 14542: 14466: 14395: 14324: 14286: 14211: 14140: 14069: 14031: 13922: 13866: 13825: 13821: 13810: 13741: 13680: 13619: 13563: 13497: 13493: 13482: 13413: 13357: 13296: 13225: 13184: 13108: 13002: 12998: 12987: 12863: 12797: 12789:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon 12696: 12560: 12374: 12358: 12327: 12323: 12312: 12268: 12242: 12221: 12200: 12179: 12158: 12154: 12143: 12104: 12078: 11967: 11963: 11952: 11872: 11836: 11795: 11754: 11750: 11744: 11739: 11690: 11654: 11593: 11532: 11471: 11405: 11349: 11293: 11242: 11181: 11177: 11171: 11166: 11092: 11074:Jane Johnston Schoolcraft 11046: 10989: 10933: 10877: 10869:Constance Mayfield Rourke 10849:Jennifer Mulhern Granholm 10836: 10770: 10714: 10663: 10602: 10598: 10592: 10587: 10523: 10467: 10411: 10360: 10309: 10253: 10187: 10121: 10070: 10014: 10010: 10004: 9999: 9935: 9884: 9838: 9825:Mary Chase Perry Stratton 9787: 9716: 9615: 9611: 9605: 9600: 9531: 9510: 9489: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9453: 9424: 9403: 9382: 9361: 9345: 9329: 9308: 9296: 9275: 9254: 9250: 9244: 9239: 9215: 9199: 9178: 9157: 9136: 9115: 9094: 9073: 9052: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9016: 8987: 8966: 8945: 8924: 8903: 8882: 8856: 8830: 8809: 8805: 8799: 8794: 8765: 8744: 8723: 8710:Chamintney Stovall Thomas 8702: 8681: 8668:Mildred Westervelt Warner 8660: 8639: 8618: 8597: 8576: 8572: 8566: 8561: 8532: 8511: 8503:Augusta Jane Evans Wilson 8490: 8469: 8448: 8427: 8406: 8385: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8344: 8304: 8246: 8237:Interview with Rosa Parks 8198:Multimedia and interviews 8082:February 4, 2020, at the 8012:Resources in your library 7784:Wallinger, Hanna (2006). 7520:The Montgomery Advertiser 5959:Rosa Parks: Freedom Rider 5155:O'Reilly, Andrea (2010). 4091:. Greenwood. p. 15. 3916:. Penguin Books. p. 3826:. CNN. October 25, 2005. 2882:Encyclopædia Britannica. 2411:Elizabeth Jennings Graham 2278:In 2022, the documentary 2152:GM "old-look" transit bus 2106:Rosa Parks Transit Center 1853:On February 1, President 1831: 1826: 1795:Rosa Parks Transit Center 1181:In 1992, Parks published 858:Women's Political Council 432:Order of the Eastern Star 415:of her society. When the 156: 151: 139: 129: 119: 109: 98: 79: 53: 37: 30: 20704:United States portal 20139:African-American English 19568:Inventors and scientists 19260:George Washington Carver 18864:Chicago Freedom Movement 16887:Atlanta Student Movement 16836:Civil Rights Act of 1968 16761:1964–1965 Scripto strike 16742:Civil Rights Act of 1964 16640:1963 Birmingham campaign 16533:Civil Rights Act of 1960 16457:Civil Rights Act of 1957 15213:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr. 14829:Charles Hamilton Houston 14613:George Washington Carver 13020:Marjory Stoneman Douglas 12830:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay 12603:Charlotte Perkins Gilman 10895:Georgia A. Lewis Johnson 10747:Lucille Hanna McCollough 10691:Francie Kraker Goodridge 10620:Dauris Gwendolyn Jackson 10281:Genora Johnson Dollinger 10149:Luise Ruth Leismer Mahon 9963:Bernadine Newsom Denning 8895:Mary George Jordan Waite 8869:Frances Scott Fitzgerald 8864:Bessie Morse Bellingrath 8838:Frances Virginia Praytor 8440:Loraine Bedsole Tunstall 8414:Edwina Donnelly Mitchell 8377:Julia Strudwick Tutwiler 8065:10.1177/1536504212456178 7516:"A 'Mighty' achievement" 6909:Crain's Business Detroit 6629:August 14, 2009, at the 6622:King County Metro Online 6592:Architect of the Capitol 5326:– via Google news. 4029:. Charro Press. p. 3331:. Scribner. p. 97. 3227:"Chapter 3: The Boycott" 2469: 2340: 2293: 2077:Congressional Gold Medal 1956:On December 13, the new 1515:Congressional Gold Medal 1477:Florida State University 1416:for her achievements in 1297:(AME) church, where she 1248: 1168: 1140: 1083: 973: 281:Congressional Gold Medal 21446:Methodists from Alabama 20627:African-American firsts 19676:Back-to-Africa movement 19645:Black Hebrew Israelites 19425:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 18973:Partus sequitur ventrem 18439:Voter Education Project 18193:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 17854:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 17289:Josephine Dobbs Clement 16715:Chester school protests 16710:Twenty-fourth Amendment 16672:Detroit Walk to Freedom 16414:Tallahassee bus boycott 16335:Baton Rouge bus boycott 13510:Dorothy Harrison Eustis 13400:Catherine Filene Shouse 13253:Patricia Roberts Harris 12891:Mary Steichen Calderone 12759:Lillian Moller Gilbreth 12628:Frances Wisebart Jacobs 12432:Martha Wright Griffiths 11463:Lucille Farrier Stickel 10976:Martha Strickland Clark 10920:Margaret Sellers Walker 10495:Dorrie Ellen Rosenblatt 10429:Four Sisters of Charity 10424:Marion Corwell-Shertzer 10352:Jacquelin E. Washington 10317:Yolanda Alvarado-Ortega 10210:Katherine Hill Campbell 10062:Delia Villegas Vorhauer 10047:Emelia Christine Schaub 10022:Emily Helen Butterfield 9948:Anna Sutherland Bissell 9820:Marjorie Peebles-Meyers 9815:Marjorie Swank Matthews 9744:Emma Genevieve Gillette 9734:Caroline Bartlett Crane 9623:Harriette Simpson Arnow 9539:Mahala Ashley Dickerson 9149:Juliette Hampton Morgan 9039:Florence Golson Bateman 8673:Katherine White-Spunner 8077:(subscription required) 8033:, Penguin Books, 2005. 7703:. CBBC. October 7, 2014 6851:Highland Community News 6423:akapioneers.aka1908.com 6149:"Golden Plate Awardees" 5477:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 5288:San Francisco Chronicle 4742:OAH Magazine of History 4419:Crosby, Emilye (2011). 4237:– via Yahoo News. 4112:Burns, Stewart (1997). 4085:Phibbs, Cheryl (2009). 3941:Marsh, Charles (2006). 3099:Encyclopedia of Alabama 2888:Encyclopædia Britannica 1940:Essex County Courthouse 1885:During both events the 1745:Nassau County, New York 1660:King County, Washington 1593:was named in her honor. 1489:1995: She received the 1376:, United States Capitol 1345:released white balloons 1340:Michigan National Guard 1329:Metropolitan AME Church 905:20 miles (30 km). 769:was tired of giving in. 222:Equal Protection Clause 21501:Montgomery bus boycott 21421:Activists from Detroit 21025:National Statuary Hall 20595:Spingarn Medal winners 20084:States and territories 19855:Black NFL quarterbacks 19355:Martin Luther King Jr. 18887:Dred Scott v. Sandford 18826:Montgomery bus boycott 18652:Movement photographers 17894:Bernice Johnson Reagon 17614:Martin Luther King Sr. 17609:Martin Luther King Jr. 17179:William Holmes Borders 16951:Highlander Folk School 16841:Poor People's Campaign 16694:St. Augustine movement 16544:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 16467:Katz Drug Store sit-in 16438:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 16400:Montgomery bus boycott 15538:Martin Luther King Jr. 15269:Constance Baker Motley 15149:Frederick D. Patterson 14885:Martin Luther King Jr. 14813:Channing Heggie Tobias 14701:William T. B. Williams 14677:Richard Berry Harrison 14661:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson 13456:Rebecca Talbot Perkins 12951:Eunice Kennedy Shriver 12815:Frances Xavier Cabrini 12729:Elizabeth Hanford Dole 12507:Ellen Swallow Richards 12477:Constance Baker Motley 12127:Elizabeth Bayley Seton 12060:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 11890:Kelly Rossman McKinney 11885:Denise Langford Morris 11864:Danielle Camille Woods 11854:Mary Kramer (Michigan) 11540:Elizabeth Sparks Adams 11448:Marylou Olivarez Mason 11438:Mary Carmelita Manning 11413:Elizabeth Lehman Belen 10844:Geraldine Bledsoe Ford 10727:Julia Wheelock Freeman 10722:Hortense Golden Canady 10706:Joesphine Stern Weiner 10681:Theresa Maxis Duchemin 10671:Cora Reynolds Anderson 10546:Margaret Drake Elliott 10383:Margaret Muth Laurence 10291:Sarah Van Hoosen Jones 10108:Dorothy Comstock Riley 9846:Marion Isabel Barnhart 9754:Magdelaine Laframboise 9703:Lucinda Hinsdale Stone 9643:Mary Stallings Coleman 9374:Sarah Haynsworth Gayle 9353:Kathryn Tucker Windham 9283:Evelyn Daniel Anderson 9267:Margaret Charles Smith 8974:Martha Foster Crawford 8937:Maude McKnight Lindsay 8822:Octavia Walton Le Vert 8752:Katherine Cooper Cater 8715:Martha Strudwick Young 8584:Kathleen Moore Mallory 8239:", November 14, 1985, 8147:. Library of Congress. 8125:, Beacon Press, 2015, 6594:. September 24, 2020. 6093:"Rosa Parks Biography" 5961:, Sterling Publishing 5077:July 15, 2009, at the 4851:rosaparksbiography.org 4554:. Dial Books. p. 3972:. Dial Books. p. 3499:Admin (May 16, 2016). 2635:. NPR. June 13, 1999. 2633:Weekend Edition Sunday 2335:Montgomery bus boycott 2219:Cedric the Entertainer 2124:President Barack Obama 2051:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1928:on September 9, 2014 ( 1894:National Statuary Hall 1816:West Valley City, Utah 1802:Grand Rapids, Michigan 1793:2009: On July 14, the 1764:Pennsylvania Route 291 1734:University of Michigan 1730:Martin Luther King III 1720:, played at Detroit's 1699: 1686:National Statuary Hall 1456:, was named after her. 1377: 1374:National Statuary Hall 1320: 1178: 1097: 1070:Algiers Motel incident 1065:Republic of New Afrika 1041:. She also befriended 987: 930:Martin Luther King Jr. 902: 893: 844:Montgomery bus boycott 838:Montgomery bus boycott 771: 760:In her autobiography, 636:Montgomery bus boycott 581: 531:Highlander Folk School 507:Maxwell Air Force Base 503:League of Women Voters 442:In 1932, Rosa married 409: 285:National Statuary Hall 256:, an African-American 241:Highlander Folk School 237:Martin Luther King Jr. 184:United States Congress 180:Montgomery bus boycott 124:Montgomery bus boycott 19905:Athletic associations 19840:Negro league baseball 19611:African-American Jews 19330:Ketanji Brown Jackson 19295:Henry Highland Garnet 19154:Negro National Anthem 18904:George Floyd protests 18869:Post–civil rights era 18487:Civil Rights Memorial 18375:Bethel Baptist Church 18024:Charles Kenzie Steele 17469:Audrey Faye Hendricks 17374:Myrlie Evers-Williams 17354:Patricia Stephens Due 17324:Abraham Lincoln Davis 17259:Colia Lafayette Clark 17013:Operation Breadbasket 17008:National Urban League 16755:Katzenbach v. McClung 16623:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 16276:Civil rights movement 15776:Builders & titans 15580:Franklin D. Roosevelt 15229:Myrlie Evers-Williams 14985:Clarence Mitchell Jr. 14837:Mabel Keaton Staupers 14597:Charles Sidney Gilpin 14154:Keshia Knight Pulliam 14131:Keshia Knight Pulliam 14125:Keshia Knight Pulliam 13970:Anna Wessels Williams 13657:Carlotta Walls LaNier 13390:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross 13248:Martha Matilda Harper 13212:Mary Engle Pennington 13050:Frances Oldham Kelsey 12835:Anne Morrow Lindbergh 12588:Jane Cunningham Croly 12517:Katherine Siva Saubel 12412:Marian Wright Edelman 12335:Margaret Bourke-White 12260:Harriet Beecher Stowe 11718:Vernice Davis Anthony 11616:Lisette Denison Forth 11580:Lou Anna Kimsey Simon 11443:Barbara Roberts Mason 11392:Elizabeth Eaglesfield 10981:Helen Hornbeck Tanner 10732:Lillian Mellen Genser 10615:Katherine G. Heideman 10505:Martha Jean Steinberg 10480:Hilda Patricia Curran 10332:Lucia Voorhees Grimes 10301:Helen Walker McAndrew 10195:Edith Vosburgh Alvord 9907:Frances Alvord Harris 9851:Patricia Hill Burnett 9502:Emera Frances Griffin 9416:Jeanne Friegel Berman 8953:Hattie Hooker Wilkins 8477:Ruth Robertson Berrey 8217:National Public Radio 8022:Barnes, Catherine A. 7187:"Rosa Parks Memorial" 7096:"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive" 6940:The Salt Lake Tribune 6679:on September 27, 2007 6097:Rosa Parks Foundation 6069:. November 22, 1994. 5987:. September 5, 1990. 5833:"black History Month" 5803:July 7, 2010, at the 5689:The Indianapolis Star 5569:Voice of America News 5539:Associated Press News 5343:Sports Business Daily 5314:. September 2, 1994. 4754:10.1093/oahmag/oar054 4118:. UNC Press. p. 4054:Hawken, Paul (2007). 2855:Shraff, Anne (2005). 2695:. September 1, 2021. 1924:was published by the 1740:who flipped the coin. 1695: 1423:1984: She received a 1362: 1318: 1176: 1091: 981: 962:Stride Toward Freedom 897: 888: 884:National Public Radio 870:Montgomery Advertiser 854:Alabama State College 848:Nixon conferred with 783:Pullman Porters Union 766: 712:Montgomery City Lines 579: 472:, a black woman from 459:civil rights movement 404: 176:civil rights movement 134:Civil Rights Movement 114:Civil rights activist 44:Parks in 1955, with 21486:Community organizing 20757:in the United States 20112:Afro-Seminole Creole 19638:Azusa Street Revival 19510:Booker T. Washington 19034:Underground Railroad 18899:Free people of color 18753:Atlantic slave trade 18532:other King memorials 18507:Freedom Rides Museum 18444:1960s counterculture 18395:Edmund Pettus Bridge 18074:Walter Francis White 17979:Alexander D. Shimkin 16493:New Year's Day March 16462:Ministers' Manifesto 16309:Executive Order 9981 15917:Thomas J. Watson Jr. 15333:Frankie Muse Freeman 15097:Benjamin Elijah Mays 14725:Walter Francis White 14629:James Weldon Johnson 14605:Mary Burnett Talbert 13667:Mary Harriman Rumsey 13505:St. Katharine Drexel 13349:Mary Burnett Talbert 13344:Blanche Stuart Scott 13329:Mother Marianne Cope 13309:Ruth Fulton Benedict 13268:Mildred Robbins Leet 12966:Angelina Grimké Weld 12840:Maria Goeppert Mayer 12810:Charlotte Anne Bunch 12387:Antoinette Blackwell 12366:Gertrude Belle Elion 12296:Ida B. Wells-Barnett 12065:Helen Brooke Taussig 12055:Margaret Chase Smith 11859:Mary Locke Petermann 11844:Esther Gordy Edwards 11782:Atlas Ruth Westbrook 11372:Joan Jackson Johnson 11214:Sherrill Freeborough 11204:Sandra Laser Draggoo 10946:Mary Esther Daddazio 10803:Eliza Seaman Leggett 10798:Joyce Lewis Kornbluh 10696:Marian Bayoff Ilitch 10640:Marilyn Fisher Lundy 10610:Loney Clinton Gordon 10566:Emily Burton Ketcham 10459:Matilda Dodge Wilson 10434:Della McGraw Goodwin 10393:Betsy Graves Reyneau 10388:Claudia House Morcom 10276:Bertha A. Daubendiek 10215:Lenna Frances Cooper 10179:Charleszetta Waddles 10159:Martha Romayne Seger 10032:Dorothy Leonard Judd 9739:Marguerite de Angeli 9673:Laura Smith Haviland 9191:Martha Crystal Myers 9165:Virginia Foster Durr 8958:Marion Walker Spidle 8848:Julia Tarrant Barron 8652:Clara Weaver Parrish 8647:Anne Mathilde Bilbro 8524:Patti Ruffner Jacobs 8109:Rosa Parks: My Story 7711:– via YouTube. 7643:British Comedy Guide 7465:. January 21, 2021. 6737:Michigan Legislature 6705:. December 1, 2005. 6504:"Parks Bus Restored" 6389:. pp. 967–969. 6304:. January 28, 2000. 6099:. January 22, 2005. 5835:. gale.cengage.com. 5083:Madison Daily Leader 4945:. February 3, 2013. 4917:on December 11, 2014 4789:. October 30, 2005. 4771:on December 7, 2014. 4664:on December 28, 2021 4648:(February 1, 2021). 4620:, 352 US 903 (1956)" 4551:Rosa Parks: My Story 4515:(October 25, 2005). 3969:Rosa Parks: My Story 3710:on September 6, 2015 3694:"The Rosa Parks Bus" 3397:. December 1, 2015. 3008:(October 25, 2005). 2657:(December 1, 2015). 2375:United States portal 2333:in reference to the 2329:" where she rapped, 2288:Bowl Game Armageddon 2204:The Rosa Parks Story 2090:Parks and President 1777:Nashville, Tennessee 1629:"Rosa Parks Station" 1403:, its highest honor, 1331:in Washington, D.C. 1183:Rosa Parks: My Story 1155:Underground Railroad 924:suggested the name " 535:Monteagle, Tennessee 262:black power movement 147:(m. 1932; died 1977) 58:Rosa Louise McCauley 19:For other uses, see 21526:Protests in Alabama 20927:J. E. Hoover (1972) 20507:Trinidad and Tobago 20122:Black American Sign 19949:By African descent 19943:Ethnic subdivisions 19930:Southwestern (SWAC) 19845:Baseball color line 19760:Black Panther Party 19664:Political movements 19581:in computer science 19240:Carol Moseley Braun 19029:Tulsa race massacre 19022:Treatment of slaves 18854:March on Washington 18849:Birmingham movement 18270:Mary McLeod Bethune 18231:Sermon on the Mount 18198:"We Shall Overcome" 17779:William Lewis Moore 17559:Frank Minis Johnson 17534:Richie Jean Jackson 17489:Donald L. Hollowell 17294:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 17099:Gwendolyn Armstrong 17094:William G. Anderson 17074:Victoria Gray Adams 17038:The Freedom Singers 16892:Black Panther Party 16677:March on Washington 16590:Garner v. Louisiana 16551:Boynton v. Virginia 16065:Ludwig Wittgenstein 16012:John Maynard Keynes 15784:Stephen Bechtel Sr. 14861:Theodore K. Lawless 14709:Mary McLeod Bethune 14653:Charles W. Chesnutt 14549:Ernest Everett Just 14403:S. Epatha Merkerson 14386:S. Epatha Merkerson 14362:S. Epatha Merkerson 13884:Rebecca S. Halstead 13858:Mary Church Terrell 13545:Barbara A. Mikulski 13273:Patsy Takemoto Mink 13258:Stephanie L. Kwolek 13197:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 13171:Emily Howell Warner 13116:Dorothy H. Andersen 13090:Annie Dodge Wauneka 13085:Mary Edwards Walker 13010:Faye Glenn Abdellah 12941:Edith Nourse Rogers 12921:Shirley Ann Jackson 12896:Mary Ann Shadd Cary 12774:Sandra Day O'Connor 12754:Matilda Joslyn Gage 12350:Florence B. Seibert 12187:Carrie Chapman Catt 12117:Juliette Gordon Low 12000:Elizabeth Blackwell 11995:Mary McLeod Bethune 11823:Sarah Elizabeth Ray 11672:Clara Stanton Jones 11570:Mary Free Bed Guild 11362:Judith Levin Cantor 11336:Eva McCall Hamilton 11199:Augusta Jane Chapin 11194:Laura Carter Callow 10900:Lida Holmes Mattman 10793:Alice Scanlan Kocel 10762:Muriel Dorothy Ross 10757:Martha Louise Rayne 10737:May Stocking Knaggs 10630:Marjorie J. Lansing 10500:Ella Merriman Sharp 10444:Nancy Harkness Love 10403:Joan Luedders Wolfe 10398:Shirley E. Schwartz 10347:Laura Freele Osborn 10245:Irene Clark Woodman 10220:Roberta A. Griffith 10144:Violet Temple Lewis 9927:Sarah Goddard Power 9902:Marcia J. Federbush 9800:Elizabeth C. Crosby 9769:Jessie Pharr Slaton 9663:Martha W. Griffiths 9497:Vivian Malone Jones 9411:Jessie Welch Austin 9107:Bess Bolden Walcott 9081:Idella Jones Childs 9000:Juliet Opie Hopkins 8979:Maria Howard Weeden 8843:Anna Linton Praytor 8731:Elizabeth C. Crosby 8626:Chrysostom Moynahan 8498:Amelia Gayle Gorgas 8461:Marie Bankhead Owen 8145:"Rosa Parks Papers" 8074:"Two decades later" 8029:Brinkley, Douglas. 7681:on October 11, 2018 7433:Richmond Free Press 7367:The Washington Post 7306:The Washington Post 7130:Minor Planet Center 7100:Minor Planet Center 6826:on January 13, 2012 6536:on December 2, 2010 6338:on November 7, 2012 6302:The Washington Post 6271:Library of Congress 6180:Library of Congress 5921:on October 10, 2014 5869:on February 4, 2020 5863:The Daily Collegian 5779:on January 21, 2012 5657:The Washington Post 5428:Touched by an Angel 5224:. August 31, 1994. 4449:(January 1, 2006). 4361:on November 2, 2005 4342:on December 1, 2014 4308:on November 2, 2005 4289:on December 1, 2014 3799:on November 2, 2005 3780:on December 1, 2014 3701:National Bus Trader 3371:on January 19, 2013 3197:Library of Congress 2663:The Washington Post 2538:. August 15, 2015. 2187:Film and television 1926:Minor Planet Center 1532:honored her in his 1479:in Tallahassee, FL. 1242:Touched by an Angel 1080:school in Oakland. 1012:Housing segregation 806:Lillie Mae Bradford 621:Rosa Parks's arrest 511:Montgomery, Alabama 266:political prisoners 264:and the support of 195:Montgomery, Alabama 21127:US Capitol rotunda 21093:Old Senate Chamber 20782:US Capitol rotunda 20605:US representatives 20600:US cabinet members 20492:Dominican Republic 20079:Metropolitan areas 19920:Mid-Eastern (MEAC) 19745:Civic and economic 19723:Self-determination 19544:Education, science 19465:Fred Shuttlesworth 19445:A. Philip Randolph 19350:Coretta Scott King 19275:Frederick Douglass 19102:Harlem Renaissance 19007:Separate but equal 18997:Reconstruction era 18985:Plessy v. Ferguson 18876:Cornerstone Speech 18790:Civil Rights Acts 18773:Black Lives Matter 18748:American Civil War 18587:Michael Eric Dyson 18472:In popular culture 18355:Fifth Circuit Four 18339:Loving v. Virginia 18332:Hernandez v. Texas 18311:Buchanan v. Warley 18303:Separate but equal 18297:Plessy v. Ferguson 18260:Frederick Douglass 18094:Robert F. Williams 18004:Kelly Miller Smith 17984:Fred Shuttlesworth 17909:Frederick D. Reese 17889:George Raymond Jr. 17879:A. Philip Randolph 17859:Fay Bellamy Powell 17774:Queen Mother Moore 17659:Z. Alexander Looby 17604:Coretta Scott King 17549:Barbara Rose Johns 17529:Jimmie Lee Jackson 17454:William E. Harbour 17234:Stokely Carmichael 17149:Randolph Blackwell 16819:King assassination 16808:Loving v. Virginia 16792:March Against Fear 16772:How Long, Not Long 16650:Children's Crusade 16601:Cambridge movement 16538:Ax Handle Saturday 16503:Greensboro sit-ins 16430:Give Us the Ballot 16185:Emmeline Pankhurst 16104:Lady Diana Spencer 16082:Heroes & icons 15868:Charles E. Merrill 15587:Theodore Roosevelt 15373:Nathaniel R. Jones 15237:Earl G. Graves Sr. 15205:John Hope Franklin 14805:Percy Lavon Julian 14765:A. Philip Randolph 14685:Robert Russa Moton 13843:Barbara Rose Johns 13794:Flossie Wong-Staal 13769:Nicole Malachowski 13698:Lorraine Hansberry 13642:Marcia Greenberger 13596:Mary Joseph Rogers 13535:Coretta Scott King 13520:Abby Kelley Foster 13436:Susan Kelly-Dreiss 13324:Rita Rossi Colwell 13100:Frances E. Willard 12936:Rozanne L. Ridgway 12886:Lydia Moss Bradley 12871:Madeleine Albright 12764:Nannerl O. Keohane 12734:Anne Dallas Dudley 12663:Betty Bone Schiess 12633:Susette La Flesche 12618:Zora Neale Hurston 12613:Helen LaKelly Hunt 12537:Madam C. J. Walker 12452:Mary Putnam Jacobi 12402:Jacqueline Cochran 12382:Ethel Percy Andrus 12250:Barbara McClintock 11667:Mona Hanna-Attisha 11499:Mabel White Holmes 11428:Dorothy A. Johnson 11357:Elizabeth W. Bauer 11311:Mary Jane Dockeray 11280:Rose Mary Robinson 11265:Valeria Lipczynski 11135:Elizabeth Phillips 11130:Kay Givens McGowan 10971:Dora Hall Stockman 10813:Marion Weyant Ruth 10742:Naomi Long Madgett 10701:Mary Ellen Riordan 10650:Kathleen N. Straus 10561:Ella Eaton Kellogg 10169:Sylvia M. Stoesser 10139:Sarah Emma Edmonds 10113:Edith Mays Swanson 10042:Fannie M. Richards 9917:Agnes Mary Mansour 9912:M. Jane Kay Nugent 9544:Alice Lee (lawyer) 9337:Hazel Mansell Gore 9321:Frances C. Roberts 9316:Zora Neale Hurston 9223:Coretta Scott King 9123:Nancy Batson Crews 8911:Doris Marie Bender 8689:Blanche Evans Dean 8610:Elizabeth Johnston 8589:Ruby Pickens Tartt 8393:Agnes Ellen Harris 8228:(democracynow.org) 8189:Norwood, Arlisha. 8121:Theoharis, Jeanne 8103:Parks, Rosa, with 8088:The New York Times 8031:Rosa Parks: A Life 7753:Leflouria, Erika. 7728:Detroit Free Press 6853:. Highand, Calif. 6429:on August 10, 2022 6067:"Florida Flambeau" 5947:on March 14, 2003. 5571:. April 19, 2018. 5508:The New York Times 5406:. December 3, 2007 5380:on August 17, 2009 5222:The New York Times 5132:. March 26, 2021. 5047:The Times-Picayune 5031:. pp. 3A, 8A. 5028:Detroit Free Press 4883:. March 13, 2013. 4655:The New York Times 4522:The New York Times 4455:The New York Times 4060:. Viking. p. 3575:. March 26, 2002. 3325:Olson, L. (2001). 3014:The New York Times 2754:The New York Times 2568:(March 29, 2013). 2435:Sarah Mae Flemming 2417:Charlotte L. Brown 2272:Horrible Histories 2255:The 2018 episode " 2182:In popular culture 1944:Newark, New Jersey 1726:Coretta Scott King 1623:connects with the 1614:Los Angeles County 1574:Molefi Kete Asante 1378: 1321: 1179: 1159:Planned Parenthood 1098: 988: 879:disorderly conduct 582: 474:Abbeville, Alabama 393:racial segregation 357:black denomination 229:racial segregation 211:civil disobedience 21373: 21372: 21359: 21358: 21351:Lautenberg (2013) 21260:Great Hall of the 21168: 21167: 21112: 21111: 20879:R. A. Taft (1953) 20712: 20711: 20540:African Americans 20412:Dallas–Fort Worth 20007:Black Southerners 19938: 19937: 19390:Thurgood Marshall 19360:Bernard Lafayette 18955:Million Man March 18712:African Americans 18678: 18677: 18455:Eyes on the Prize 18370:A.G. Gaston Motel 18365:Kelly Ingram Park 18325:Sweatt v. Painter 18009:Mary Louise Smith 17969:Cleveland Sellers 17954:Michael Schwerner 17919:Gloria Richardson 17699:Thurgood Marshall 17619:Bernard Lafayette 17349:John Wesley Dobbs 16863: 16862: 16582:Birmingham attack 16562:Rock Hill sit-ins 16513:Sibley Commission 16508:Nashville sit-ins 16380:Gebhart v. Belton 16366:Briggs v. Elliott 16359:Bolling v. Sharpe 16320:Sweatt v. Painter 16242: 16241: 16236: 16235: 16164:Charles Lindbergh 16097:The American G.I. 15991:Robert H. Goddard 15977:Alexander Fleming 15601:Margaret Thatcher 15573:Eleanor Roosevelt 15531:Ruhollah Khomeini 15524:Pope John Paul II 15503:Mikhail Gorbachev 15489:Winston Churchill 15430: 15429: 15413:Cato T. Laurencin 14797:Thurgood Marshall 14773:William H. Hastie 14637:Carter G. Woodson 14501: 14500: 14246: 14245: 14184:Adrienne C. Moore 13991: 13990: 13987: 13986: 13983: 13982: 13945:Kimberlé Crenshaw 13940:Elouise P. Cobell 13904:Katherine Johnson 13874:Octavia E. Butler 13806: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13713:Clare Boothe Luce 13525:Helen Murray Free 13478: 13477: 13474: 13473: 13339:Patricia A. Locke 13304:Florence E. Allen 13288:Sheila E. Widnall 13233:Linda G. Alvarado 13217:Mercy Otis Warren 13176:Victoria Woodhull 13161:Barbara Holdridge 13156:Beatrice A. Hicks 13131:Lydia Maria Child 13045:Leontine T. Kelly 12983: 12982: 12979: 12978: 12805:Louisa May Alcott 12719:Mary Breckinridge 12598:Geraldine Ferraro 12583:Annie Jump Cannon 12308: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12045:Eleanor Roosevelt 11944:Inductees to the 11911: 11910: 11907: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11641:Rosemary C. Sarri 11636:Rosie the Riveter 11626:Verna Grahek Mize 11611:Clara Bryant Ford 11509:Esther K. Shapiro 11458:Mary Ellen Sheets 11316:Judith Karandjeff 11162: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11110:Margaret Chandler 11039:(charter members) 10655:Clarissa M. Young 10583: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10230:Jeanne Omelenchuk 9995: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9973:Jean Ledwith King 9897:Ethelene Crockett 9779:Bertha Van Hoosen 9759:Martha Longstreet 9749:Icie Macy Hoobler 9688:Helen W. Milliken 9628:N. Lorraine Beebe 9560: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9523:Allison Wetherbee 9449: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9395:Sara Crews Finley 9235: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9060:Ida Vines Moffett 9012: 9011: 9008: 9007: 8995:Margaret H. Booth 8817:Maud McLure Kelly 8790: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8694:Katherine Vickery 8631:Loula Friend Dunn 8605:Tallulah Bankhead 8557: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8456:Dixie Bibb Graves 8233:Eyes on the Prize 7998:Library resources 7639:"Llewella Gideon" 7582:Los Angeles Times 7494:Alabama Reflector 6986:National Archives 6972:. February 2013. 6719:National Archives 6647:The Seattle Times 6404:978-0-306-48073-7 5967:978-1-4027-4865-3 5894:Fresno State News 5741:BBC News Magazine 5291:, August 8, 1995. 4815:(March 2, 2013). 4813:Theoharis, Jeanne 4731:Theoharis, Jeanne 4699:978-0-8147-8313-9 4646:Theoharis, Jeanne 4491:. HarperCollins. 4386:(June 14, 1999). 4152:Carson, Clayborne 4071:978-0-670-03852-7 3605:Los Angeles Times 3546:Garrow, David J. 3173:on August 5, 2017 2958:Theoharis, Jeanne 2868:978-0-7660-2463-2 2655:Theoharis, Jeanne 2536:National Archives 2423:John Mitchell Jr. 2156:Henry Ford Museum 2037:was added to the 1872:Rosa Parks Museum 1863:Henry Ford Museum 1847: 1846: 1806:Rosa Parks Circle 1598:Walter P. Reuther 1596:She received the 1585:A portion of the 1555:Alpha Kappa Alpha 1513:She received the 1355:Legacy and honors 1349:Woodlawn Cemetery 1269:Death and funeral 1232:, Missouri, near 1203:Riverfront Towers 1000:Hampton Institute 996:Hampton, Virginia 832:Mary Louise Smith 810:Sarah Louise Keys 785:, and her friend 739:Eyes on the Prize 710:belonging to the 329:Tuskegee, Alabama 258:US Representative 165: 164: 103:Woodlawn Cemetery 91:Detroit, Michigan 72:Tuskegee, Alabama 48:in the background 21533: 21262:US Supreme Court 21179: 21178: 21123: 21122: 20901:MacArthur (1964) 20778: 20777: 20739: 20732: 20725: 20716: 20715: 20702: 20701: 20700: 20664:Lynching victims 20163:Louisiana Creole 20134:American English 20022:Louisiana Creole 19995:Choctaw freedmen 19833: 19832: 19370:Huddie Ledbetter 19310:Fannie Lou Hamer 19280:W. E. B. Du Bois 19270:Claudette Colvin 19265:Shirley Chisholm 19082:Family structure 18950:Military history 18832:Browder v. Gayle 18705: 18698: 18691: 18682: 18681: 18669: 18668: 18632:Charles M. Payne 18617:Steven F. Lawson 18607:David Halberstam 18577:Clayborne Carson 18318:Hocutt v. Wilson 18265:W. E. B. Du Bois 18114:Sammy Younge Jr. 18099:Q. V. Williamson 18064:Wyatt Tee Walker 17929:Bernice Robinson 17874:Lincoln Ragsdale 17864:Rodney N. Powell 17759:Douglas E. Moore 17634:Sanford R. Leigh 17569:J. Charles Jones 17444:Fannie Lou Hamer 17359:Joseph Ellwanger 17319:Jonathan Daniels 17309:Claudette Colvin 17299:Annie Lee Cooper 17284:Kathleen Cleaver 17279:Eldridge Cleaver 17254:Shirley Chisholm 17144:Gloria Blackwell 16735:workers' murders 16682:"I Have a Dream" 16577:Anniston bombing 16528:Greenville Eight 16443:Little Rock Nine 16406:Browder v. Gayle 16294: 16293: 16269: 16262: 16255: 16246: 16245: 16229: 16222: 16215: 16208: 16201: 16194: 16187: 16180: 16173: 16166: 16159: 16152: 16145: 16138: 16127: 16120: 16113: 16106: 16099: 16092: 16074: 16067: 16060: 16049: 16042: 16040:William Shockley 16035: 16028: 16021: 16014: 16007: 16000: 15993: 15986: 15979: 15972: 15965: 15963:Philo Farnsworth 15958: 15951: 15944: 15937: 15919: 15912: 15905: 15898: 15891: 15884: 15877: 15870: 15863: 15856: 15849: 15842: 15835: 15828: 15821: 15814: 15807: 15800: 15793: 15786: 15768: 15761: 15754: 15752:Steven Spielberg 15747: 15740: 15733: 15726: 15719: 15712: 15705: 15698: 15691: 15684: 15677: 15670: 15663: 15656: 15649: 15642: 15635: 15617: 15610: 15603: 15596: 15589: 15582: 15575: 15568: 15561: 15554: 15547: 15540: 15533: 15526: 15519: 15512: 15505: 15498: 15491: 15484: 15482:David Ben-Gurion 15457: 15450: 15443: 15434: 15433: 15423: 15415: 15407: 15399: 15391: 15383: 15375: 15367: 15359: 15351: 15343: 15335: 15327: 15319: 15311: 15303: 15295: 15287: 15279: 15277:Robert L. Carter 15271: 15263: 15255: 15247: 15239: 15231: 15223: 15215: 15207: 15199: 15191: 15183: 15175: 15167: 15159: 15151: 15143: 15135: 15127: 15115: 15107: 15099: 15091: 15083: 15075: 15063: 15055: 15043: 15035: 15027: 15019: 15011: 15003: 14995: 14987: 14979: 14971: 14963: 14955: 14947: 14939: 14931: 14929:Robert C. Weaver 14923: 14921:Kenneth B. Clark 14915: 14907: 14899: 14897:Little Rock Nine 14887: 14879: 14871: 14863: 14855: 14853:Paul R. Williams 14847: 14839: 14831: 14823: 14815: 14807: 14799: 14791: 14783: 14775: 14767: 14759: 14751: 14743: 14735: 14727: 14719: 14711: 14703: 14695: 14687: 14679: 14671: 14663: 14655: 14647: 14639: 14631: 14623: 14615: 14607: 14599: 14591: 14589:W. E. B. Du Bois 14583: 14581:Archibald Grimké 14575: 14567: 14559: 14551: 14528: 14521: 14514: 14505: 14504: 14427:Khandi Alexander 14421:Taraji P. Henson 14356:Khandi Alexander 14273: 14266: 14259: 14250: 14249: 14225:Natasha Rothwell 14160:Vanessa Williams 14119:Vanessa Williams 14113:Vanessa Williams 14018: 14011: 14004: 13995: 13994: 13823: 13822: 13812: 13811: 13779:Louise Slaughter 13703:Victoria Jackson 13662:Philippa Marrack 13647:Barbara Iglewski 13555:Kathrine Switzer 13550:Donna E. Shalala 13495: 13494: 13484: 13483: 13441:Allie B. Latimer 13421:Louise Bourgeois 13395:Judith L. Pipher 13202:Katharine Graham 13146:Marian de Forest 13065:Anna Howard Shaw 13015:Emma Smith DeVoe 13000: 12999: 12989: 12988: 12901:Joan Ganz Cooney 12825:Oveta Culp Hobby 12820:Mary A. Hallaren 12683:Sarah Winnemucca 12552:Gloria Yerkovich 12547:Rosalyn S. Yalow 12502:Jeannette Rankin 12482:Georgia O'Keeffe 12437:Fannie Lou Hamer 12397:Shirley Chisholm 12345:Billie Jean King 12325: 12324: 12314: 12313: 12276:Gwendolyn Brooks 12156: 12155: 12145: 12144: 11985:Susan B. Anthony 11965: 11964: 11954: 11953: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11915: 11914: 11880:Gretchen Whitmer 11808:Debra White-Hunt 11752: 11751: 11741: 11740: 11677:Angela K. Wilson 11646:Elizabeth Wetzel 11585:Charlotte Wilson 11423:Jeanne Findlater 11367:Paula Cunningham 11234:Cynthia J. Pasky 11179: 11178: 11168: 11167: 11022:Jane Briggs Hart 10925:Elizabeth Weaver 10910:Deborah Stabenow 10864:Cathy McClelland 10818:Bernice Steadman 10778:Mary Agnes Blair 10600: 10599: 10589: 10588: 10490:Eleanor Josaitis 10454:Sharon E. Sutton 10449:Maryann Mahaffey 10337:R. Louise Grooms 10240:Edna Noble White 10225:Bina West Miller 10205:Jean W. Campbell 10134:Mary Lou Butcher 10052:Mary P. Sinclair 10012: 10011: 10001: 10000: 9983:Mary Anne Bryant 9871:Rosa Slade Gragg 9764:Elly M. Peterson 9729:Helen J. Claytor 9698:Anna Howard Shaw 9648:Wilma T. Donahue 9613: 9612: 9602: 9601: 9587: 9580: 9573: 9564: 9563: 9466: 9465: 9455: 9454: 9288:Ada Ruth Stovall 9252: 9251: 9241: 9240: 9102:Louise Branscomb 9086:Jane Lobman Katz 9029: 9028: 9018: 9017: 8874:Zelda Fitzgerald 8807: 8806: 8796: 8795: 8574: 8573: 8563: 8562: 8545:Carrie A. Tuggle 8482:Annie Lola Price 8357: 8356: 8346: 8345: 8331: 8324: 8317: 8308: 8307: 8295: 8294: 8148: 8078: 8069: 8067: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7677:. Archived from 7665: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7409:on July 20, 2020 7405:. Archived from 7392: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7092: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7013:on March 8, 2013 6999: 6990: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6769:on April 7, 2013 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6716: 6714: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6639: 6633: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6561:Portland Tribune 6552: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6425:. Archived from 6415: 6409: 6408: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6334:. Archived from 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5975: 5969: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5829: 5823: 5814: 5808: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5778: 5771: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5732: 5726: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5695:on June 14, 2006 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5631:on March 1, 2019 5627:. Archived from 5617: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5376:. Archived from 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5312:Associated Press 5298: 5292: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5092: 5086: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4913:. Archived from 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4853:. May 18, 2016. 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4764:. Archived from 4739: 4727: 4712: 4711: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4658:. Archived from 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4618:Browder v. Gayle 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4595: 4584: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4482: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4400:on June 17, 2000 4396:. Archived from 4380: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4335:. Archived from 4324: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4288: 4282:. Archived from 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4156:Garrow, David J. 4148: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3849: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3820: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3779: 3773:. Archived from 3762: 3756: 3755: 3731: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3709: 3698: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3569:"James F. Blake" 3565: 3559: 3544: 3535: 3531:Browder v. Gayle 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3457:. May 10, 2004. 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3367:. Archived from 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3297:The Boston Globe 3288: 3282: 3281: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3039: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3002: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2954: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2915: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2852: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2827:. Archived from 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2784: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2582:. 25 minutes in 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2528: 2522: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2487: 2480: 2441:Claudette Colvin 2405: 2403:Biography portal 2400: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2377: 2372: 2371: 2370: 2321:In 2020, rapper 2282:was released on 2267:Vinette Robinson 2191:The documentary 2167: 2147: 2135: 2120: 2102: 2087: 2072: 1934: 1914:284996 Rosaparks 1836: 1835: 1824: 1823: 1676: 1672: 1486:in Tokyo, Japan. 1310:Washington, D.C. 1306:Condoleezza Rice 1263:Brown University 1230:Jefferson County 1226:St. Louis County 1135:Fannie Lou Hamer 1095: 950:Browder v. Gayle 820:Claudette Colvin 815:Browder v. Gayle 745: 693: 676: 662: 648: 631: 483:Chicago Defender 217:Browder v. Gayle 189:Parks became an 161: 86: 83:October 24, 2005 68:February 4, 1913 67: 65: 42: 28: 27: 21541: 21540: 21536: 21535: 21534: 21532: 21531: 21530: 21376: 21375: 21374: 21369: 21355: 21332: 21328:O'Connor (2023) 21319:Ginsburg (2020, 21296:Blackmun (1999) 21278:Marshall (1993) 21261: 21254: 21164: 21160:Williams (2022) 21150:Sicknick (2021) 21108: 21087: 21069: 21051: 21038:Ginsburg (2020, 21033:Cummings (2019) 21019: 20940:Humphrey (1978) 20874:Pershing (1948) 20843:L'Enfant (1909) 20767: 20758: 20743: 20713: 20708: 20698: 20696: 20683: 20649:Historic places 20642:US state firsts 20528: 20443: 20167: 20100: 20072:2010 majorities 20067:2000 majorities 20038: 19985:Black Seminoles 19934: 19925:Southern (SIAC) 19908: 19907:and conferences 19906: 19899: 19895:Serena Williams 19890:Jackie Robinson 19824: 19748: 19746: 19739: 19659: 19626:Nation of Islam 19597: 19545: 19539: 19480:Sojourner Truth 19470:Clarence Thomas 19435:Gabriel Prosser 19335:Michael Jackson 19210:Crispus Attucks 19200:Ralph Abernathy 19188: 19144:Musical theater 19043: 18909:Great Migration 18881:COVID-19 impact 18839:Sit-in movement 18714: 18709: 18679: 18674: 18663: 18656: 18637:Thomas E. Ricks 18627:Diane McWhorter 18612:Vincent Harding 18597:Adam Fairclough 18564: 18558: 18460: 18415:Freedom Schools 18274: 18207: 18155: 18149: 18140:Omaha, Nebraska 18128: 18044:Hartman Turnbow 18034:Dorothy Tillman 17994:Glenn E. Smiley 17974:Charles Sherrod 17934:Jo Ann Robinson 17809:Charles Neblett 17799:Elijah Muhammad 17764:Harriette Moore 17724:Floyd McKissick 17709:Franklin McCain 17644:Stanley Levison 17509:T. R. M. Howard 17459:Vincent Harding 17389:Walter Fauntroy 17274:Xernona Clayton 17224:John H. Calhoun 17209:Aurelia Browder 17199:Stanley Branche 17194:Raylawni Branch 17174:Joseph E. Boone 17159:Ezell Blair Jr. 17154:Unita Blackwell 17129:Harry Belafonte 17069:Ralph Abernathy 17057: 16993:Nation of Islam 16869: 16859: 16698: 16655:Birmingham riot 16596:Albany Movement 16518:Atlanta sit-ins 16498:Sit-in movement 16481: 16477:Biloxi wade-ins 16449:Cooper v. Aaron 16339: 16285: 16279: 16273: 16243: 16238: 16237: 16232: 16225: 16218: 16213:Andrei Sakharov 16211: 16206:Jackie Robinson 16204: 16197: 16190: 16183: 16176: 16169: 16162: 16155: 16148: 16141: 16130: 16123: 16116: 16109: 16102: 16095: 16088: 16077: 16072:Wright brothers 16070: 16063: 16052: 16045: 16038: 16031: 16024: 16017: 16010: 16003: 15996: 15989: 15982: 15975: 15968: 15961: 15956:Albert Einstein 15954: 15947: 15942:Tim Berners-Lee 15940: 15933: 15922: 15915: 15908: 15901: 15894: 15887: 15880: 15873: 15866: 15859: 15852: 15845: 15838: 15831: 15826:Amadeo Giannini 15824: 15817: 15810: 15803: 15796: 15789: 15782: 15771: 15764: 15759:Igor Stravinsky 15757: 15750: 15743: 15736: 15729: 15722: 15715: 15708: 15701: 15696:Aretha Franklin 15694: 15687: 15680: 15673: 15668:Charlie Chaplin 15666: 15659: 15652: 15645: 15638: 15633:Louis Armstrong 15631: 15620: 15613: 15606: 15599: 15594:Margaret Sanger 15592: 15585: 15578: 15571: 15564: 15557: 15550: 15543: 15536: 15529: 15522: 15515: 15508: 15501: 15494: 15487: 15480: 15469: 15461: 15431: 15426: 15418: 15410: 15402: 15397:Patrick Gaspard 15394: 15386: 15378: 15370: 15362: 15354: 15346: 15341:Harry Belafonte 15338: 15330: 15322: 15314: 15306: 15298: 15290: 15282: 15274: 15266: 15258: 15250: 15242: 15234: 15226: 15218: 15210: 15202: 15194: 15186: 15178: 15170: 15162: 15154: 15146: 15138: 15130: 15118: 15110: 15102: 15094: 15086: 15078: 15066: 15058: 15046: 15038: 15030: 15022: 15014: 15006: 14998: 14990: 14982: 14977:Sammy Davis Jr. 14974: 14966: 14961:John H. Johnson 14958: 14950: 14942: 14934: 14926: 14918: 14913:Langston Hughes 14910: 14902: 14890: 14882: 14877:Jackie Robinson 14874: 14866: 14858: 14850: 14842: 14834: 14826: 14818: 14810: 14802: 14794: 14786: 14781:Charles R. Drew 14778: 14770: 14762: 14754: 14749:Louis T. Wright 14746: 14741:Marian Anderson 14738: 14730: 14722: 14714: 14706: 14698: 14690: 14682: 14674: 14666: 14658: 14650: 14645:Anthony Overton 14642: 14634: 14626: 14618: 14610: 14602: 14594: 14586: 14578: 14570: 14562: 14554: 14546: 14538: 14532: 14502: 14497: 14462: 14445:Naturi Naughton 14439:Naturi Naughton 14391: 14320: 14299:No Award (1996) 14282: 14277: 14247: 14242: 14207: 14136: 14107:Camille Winbush 14101:Camille Winbush 14095:Camille Winbush 14089:Terri J. Vaughn 14083:Terri J. Vaughn 14077:Terri J. Vaughn 14065: 14044:No Award (1996) 14027: 14022: 13992: 13979: 13975:Serena Williams 13918: 13862: 13848:Henrietta Lacks 13838:Barbara Hillary 13833:Aretha Franklin 13817: 13798: 13784:Sonia Sotomayor 13737: 13676: 13627:Tenley Albright 13615: 13601:Bernice Sandler 13559: 13540:Lilly Ledbetter 13515:Loretta C. Ford 13489: 13470: 13409: 13405:Henrietta Szold 13365:Eleanor K. Baum 13353: 13319:Hillary Clinton 13292: 13243:Gertrude Ederle 13238:Donna de Varona 13221: 13180: 13126:Rosalynn Carter 13104: 13080:Wilma L. Vaught 13035:Crystal Eastman 13030:Sylvia A. Earle 12994: 12975: 12971:Chien-Shiung Wu 12946:Felice Schwartz 12916:Julia Ward Howe 12859: 12850:Maria Tallchief 12793: 12749:Margaret Fuller 12744:Ella Fitzgerald 12739:Mary Baker Eddy 12692: 12648:Antonia Novello 12623:Anne Hutchinson 12556: 12497:Esther Peterson 12472:Wilma Mankiller 12392:Emily Blackwell 12370: 12354: 12319: 12300: 12264: 12238: 12217: 12196: 12192:Frances Perkins 12175: 12171:Sojourner Truth 12166:Margaret Sanger 12150: 12131: 12100: 12074: 12020:Emily Dickinson 11980:Marian Anderson 11959: 11948: 11942: 11912: 11899: 11868: 11832: 11803:Rosalind Brewer 11791: 11787:Dorothy Zehnder 11777:Martha Teichner 11746: 11727: 11723:Terry Blackhawk 11713:Gilda Z. Jacobs 11703:Lucile A. Watts 11686: 11650: 11606:Ella Mae Backus 11589: 11528: 11494:Janet C. Cooper 11467: 11401: 11377:Gladys McKenney 11345: 11331:L. Anna Ballard 11326:Serena Williams 11306:Patricia Caruso 11301:Gladys Beckwith 11289: 11285:Tricia Saunders 11238: 11209:Annie Etheridge 11173: 11154: 11140:Jessica Rickert 11105:Grace Lee Boggs 11088: 11042: 11032:Kathleen Wilbur 10985: 10951:Margery Feliksa 10929: 10885:Margaret Chiara 10873: 10832: 10783:Verne Burbridge 10766: 10710: 10686:Aretha Franklin 10676:Lucile E. Belen 10659: 10594: 10575: 10556:Eleonore Hutzel 10551:Elizabeth Homer 10541:Doris DeDeckere 10531:Patricia Beeman 10519: 10475:Connie Binsfeld 10463: 10407: 10356: 10305: 10249: 10183: 10117: 10078:Rachel Andresen 10066: 10037:Elba Lila Morse 10006: 9987: 9958:Anne R. Davidow 9931: 9922:Helen M. Martin 9880: 9834: 9810:Elmina R. Lucke 9783: 9774:Mary C. Spencer 9712: 9708:Sojourner Truth 9678:Mildred Jeffrey 9658:Josephine Gomon 9607: 9596: 9591: 9561: 9548: 9527: 9506: 9485: 9476:Mother Angelica 9460: 9441: 9420: 9399: 9390:Mary Ward Brown 9378: 9369:Anne Mae Beddow 9357: 9341: 9325: 9304: 9302:Nina Miglionico 9292: 9271: 9246: 9227: 9211: 9195: 9174: 9153: 9132: 9111: 9090: 9069: 9048: 9023: 9004: 8983: 8962: 8941: 8920: 8899: 8878: 8852: 8826: 8801: 8782: 8761: 8740: 8719: 8698: 8677: 8656: 8635: 8614: 8593: 8568: 8549: 8528: 8507: 8486: 8465: 8444: 8435:Henrietta Gibbs 8423: 8419:Lurleen Wallace 8402: 8381: 8351: 8340: 8335: 8300: 8260:Wayback Machine 8249: 8200: 8173:Wayback Machine 8156:Troy University 8143: 8140: 8135: 8084:Wayback Machine 8076: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8006: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7992:Further reading 7989: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7969:NBC4 Washington 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7914: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7816:. May 2, 2005. 7808: 7807: 7803: 7796: 7782: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7684: 7682: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7531: 7527: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7412: 7410: 7393: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7359: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7273: 7272: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7241: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7107: 7094: 7093: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7016: 7014: 7001: 7000: 6993: 6979: 6977: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6874: 6870: 6860: 6858: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6804: 6802: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6770: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6744: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6712: 6710: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6654: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6631:Wayback Machine 6615: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6568:on June 8, 2011 6554: 6553: 6549: 6539: 6537: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6332:Chicago Tribune 6326: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6232: 6228: 6219: 6217: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5994: 5992: 5984:Tuscaloosa News 5977: 5976: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5924: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5831: 5830: 5826: 5815: 5811: 5805:Wayback Machine 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5733: 5729: 5713:Madge Dresser, 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5400:"The Name Game" 5398: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5374:WomenseNews.org 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5079:Wayback Machine 5070: 5066: 5056: 5054: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4966: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4911:allacademic.com 4905: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4737: 4728: 4715: 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3404: 3402: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3323: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3262: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3223: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3092:Harmon, David. 3090: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3056: 3040: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3003: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2955: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2853: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2831:on July 4, 2009 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2652: 2648: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2612:on May 23, 2013 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2343: 2296: 2242:Llewella Gideon 2207:(2002) starred 2189: 2184: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2148: 2139: 2136: 2127: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2075:The Rosa Parks 2073: 2055:Abraham Lincoln 1929: 1922:naming citation 1876:Troy University 1833: 1827:External videos 1674: 1562:Troy University 1484:Soka University 1383:Paul Stephenson 1357: 1325:Pierre L'Enfant 1271: 1251: 1171: 1143: 1086: 976: 971: 922:Ralph Abernathy 915:1956 Sugar Bowl 850:Jo Ann Robinson 846: 840: 824:Aurelia Browder 743: 701: 700: 699: 698: 697: 694: 685: 684: 683: 677: 668: 667: 666: 663: 654: 653: 652: 649: 640: 639: 638: 632: 623: 622: 616: 614:Refusal to move 587: 574: 562:T. R. M. Howard 496:Scottsboro case 492:Communist Party 452:Scottsboro Boys 440: 385:disenfranchised 341:Native American 325: 293:Capitol Rotunda 146: 94: 88: 84: 75: 69: 63: 61: 60: 59: 49: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21539: 21529: 21528: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21498: 21493: 21488: 21483: 21478: 21473: 21468: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21371: 21370: 21364: 21361: 21360: 21357: 21356: 21354: 21353: 21348: 21342: 21340: 21338:Senate Chamber 21334: 21333: 21331: 21330: 21325: 21316: 21314:Stevens (2019) 21311: 21306: 21298: 21293: 21291:Brennan (1997) 21288: 21280: 21275: 21266: 21264: 21256: 21255: 21253: 21252: 21240: 21232: 21224: 21216: 21204: 21196: 21187: 21185: 21176: 21174:Lain in repose 21170: 21169: 21166: 21165: 21163: 21162: 21157: 21152: 21147: 21142: 21137: 21131: 21129: 21120: 21114: 21113: 21110: 21109: 21107: 21106: 21097: 21095: 21089: 21088: 21086: 21085: 21079: 21077: 21071: 21070: 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20426: 20425: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20409: 20399: 20394: 20392:South Carolina 20389: 20384: 20383: 20382: 20374: 20369: 20364: 20362:North Carolina 20359: 20358: 20357: 20347: 20342: 20341: 20340: 20330: 20325: 20324: 20323: 20315: 20314: 20313: 20307:Massachusetts 20305: 20304: 20303: 20293: 20288: 20287: 20286: 20276: 20271: 20270: 20269: 20259: 20254: 20253: 20252: 20242: 20237: 20236: 20235: 20225: 20224: 20223: 20218: 20208: 20203: 20202: 20201: 20196: 20186: 20181: 20175: 20173: 20169: 20168: 20166: 20165: 20160: 20155: 20154: 20153: 20152: 20151: 20149:social context 20146: 20136: 20126: 20125: 20124: 20114: 20108: 20106: 20102: 20101: 20099: 20098: 20097: 20096: 20091: 20081: 20076: 20075: 20074: 20069: 20059: 20058: 20057: 20046: 20044: 20040: 20039: 20037: 20036: 20031: 20030: 20029: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20004: 20003: 20002: 20000:Creek Freedmen 19997: 19992: 19987: 19977: 19975:Alabama Creole 19972: 19971: 19970: 19965: 19960: 19955: 19946: 19944: 19940: 19939: 19936: 19935: 19933: 19932: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19915:Central (CIAA) 19911: 19909: 19904: 19901: 19900: 19898: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19877: 19872: 19867: 19862: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19842: 19836: 19830: 19826: 19825: 19823: 19822: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19751: 19749: 19744: 19741: 19740: 19738: 19737: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19708:Pan-Africanism 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19689: 19688: 19678: 19673: 19667: 19665: 19661: 19660: 19658: 19657: 19652: 19650:Black theology 19647: 19642: 19641: 19640: 19630: 19629: 19628: 19623: 19613: 19607: 19605: 19599: 19598: 19596: 19595: 19594: 19593: 19591:in STEM fields 19588: 19583: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19549: 19547: 19546:and technology 19541: 19540: 19538: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19492: 19487: 19485:Harriet Tubman 19482: 19477: 19472: 19467: 19462: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19415:Michelle Obama 19412: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19372: 19367: 19362: 19357: 19352: 19347: 19345:Barbara Jordan 19342: 19340:Harriet Jacobs 19337: 19332: 19327: 19322: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19287: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19230:Amelia Boynton 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19202: 19196: 19194: 19193:Notable people 19190: 19189: 19187: 19186: 19181: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19129:LGBT community 19126: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19110: 19109: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19053: 19051: 19045: 19044: 19042: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19025: 19024: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18981: 18976: 18969: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18928: 18923: 18922: 18921: 18916: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18872: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18844:Freedom Riders 18841: 18836: 18828: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18807: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18788: 18783: 18775: 18770: 18768:Black genocide 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18724: 18722: 18716: 18715: 18708: 18707: 18700: 18693: 18685: 18676: 18675: 18661: 18658: 18657: 18655: 18654: 18649: 18647:Akinyele Umoja 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18568: 18566: 18560: 18559: 18557: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18535: 18534: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18468: 18466: 18462: 18461: 18459: 18458: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18435: 18434: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18335: 18328: 18321: 18314: 18307: 18306: 18305: 18293: 18288: 18282: 18280: 18276: 18275: 18273: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18250: 18249: 18248: 18243: 18236:Mahatma Gandhi 18233: 18228: 18227: 18226: 18215: 18213: 18209: 18208: 18206: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18159: 18157: 18151: 18150: 18148: 18147: 18145:South Carolina 18142: 18136: 18134: 18130: 18129: 18127: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18084:Hosea Williams 18081: 18076: 18071: 18069:Hollis Watkins 18066: 18061: 18056: 18051: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17999:A. Maceo Smith 17996: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17949:Bernie Sanders 17946: 17941: 17939:Angela Russell 17936: 17931: 17926: 17924:David Richmond 17921: 17916: 17914:Walter Reuther 17911: 17906: 17901: 17899:Cordell Reagon 17896: 17891: 17886: 17884:George Raymond 17881: 17876: 17871: 17866: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17844:Charles Person 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17814:Huey P. Newton 17811: 17806: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17769:Harry T. Moore 17766: 17761: 17756: 17754:Cecil B. Moore 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17734:James Meredith 17731: 17726: 17721: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17564:Clarence Jones 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17504:Zilphia Horton 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17474:Lola Hendricks 17471: 17466: 17464:Dorothy Height 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17434:Lawrence Guyot 17431: 17426: 17424:Jack Greenberg 17421: 17416: 17411: 17409:Andrew Goodman 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17334:Joseph DeLaine 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17304:Dorothy Cotton 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17249:J. L. Chestnut 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17184:Amelia Boynton 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17106: 17104:Arnold Aronson 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17065: 17063: 17059: 17058: 17056: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16984: 16983: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16922: 16921: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16873: 16871: 16865: 16864: 16861: 16860: 16858: 16857: 16850: 16843: 16838: 16833: 16832: 16831: 16826: 16816: 16811: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16782: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16763: 16758: 16751: 16744: 16739: 16738: 16737: 16730:Freedom Summer 16727: 16722: 16720:Bloody Tuesday 16717: 16712: 16706: 16704: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16696: 16691: 16690: 16689: 16684: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16663: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16547: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16489: 16487: 16483: 16482: 16480: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16453: 16452: 16440: 16435: 16434: 16433: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16410: 16409: 16397: 16392: 16385: 16384: 16383: 16376: 16369: 16362: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16340: 16338: 16337: 16332: 16324: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16300: 16298: 16291: 16281: 16280: 16272: 16271: 16264: 16257: 16249: 16240: 16239: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16230: 16223: 16216: 16209: 16202: 16195: 16188: 16181: 16178:Marilyn Monroe 16174: 16167: 16160: 16153: 16150:Kennedy family 16146: 16139: 16136:Tenzing Norgay 16132:Edmund Hillary 16128: 16121: 16114: 16107: 16100: 16093: 16085: 16083: 16079: 16078: 16076: 16075: 16068: 16061: 16050: 16043: 16036: 16029: 16022: 16015: 16008: 16001: 15994: 15987: 15980: 15973: 15966: 15959: 15952: 15945: 15938: 15930: 15928: 15924: 15923: 15921: 15920: 15913: 15906: 15899: 15892: 15885: 15882:Walter Reuther 15878: 15871: 15864: 15861:Louis B. Mayer 15857: 15850: 15847:William Levitt 15843: 15836: 15829: 15822: 15815: 15808: 15801: 15798:Willis Carrier 15794: 15787: 15779: 15777: 15773: 15772: 15770: 15769: 15762: 15755: 15748: 15741: 15734: 15727: 15720: 15713: 15706: 15699: 15692: 15685: 15678: 15671: 15664: 15657: 15650: 15643: 15636: 15628: 15626: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15618: 15611: 15604: 15597: 15590: 15583: 15576: 15569: 15562: 15555: 15552:Nelson Mandela 15548: 15545:Vladimir Lenin 15541: 15534: 15527: 15520: 15513: 15506: 15499: 15496:Mahatma Gandhi 15492: 15485: 15477: 15475: 15471: 15470: 15460: 15459: 15452: 15445: 15437: 15428: 15427: 15425: 15424: 15416: 15408: 15400: 15392: 15384: 15376: 15368: 15365:Sidney Poitier 15360: 15352: 15344: 15336: 15328: 15320: 15312: 15304: 15296: 15288: 15280: 15272: 15264: 15256: 15248: 15240: 15232: 15224: 15216: 15208: 15200: 15192: 15189:Dorothy Height 15184: 15181:Barbara Jordan 15176: 15168: 15165:Douglas Wilder 15160: 15152: 15144: 15136: 15133:Benjamin Hooks 15128: 15116: 15108: 15100: 15092: 15084: 15076: 15064: 15056: 15044: 15036: 15028: 15020: 15012: 15004: 14996: 14993:Jacob Lawrence 14988: 14980: 14972: 14964: 14956: 14953:Leontyne Price 14948: 14940: 14932: 14924: 14916: 14908: 14905:Duke Ellington 14900: 14888: 14880: 14872: 14869:Carl J. Murphy 14864: 14856: 14848: 14845:Harry T. Moore 14840: 14832: 14824: 14816: 14808: 14800: 14792: 14784: 14776: 14768: 14760: 14757:Richard Wright 14752: 14744: 14736: 14728: 14720: 14712: 14704: 14696: 14688: 14680: 14672: 14664: 14656: 14648: 14640: 14632: 14624: 14616: 14608: 14600: 14592: 14584: 14576: 14568: 14565:Harry Burleigh 14560: 14552: 14543: 14540: 14539: 14535:Spingarn Medal 14531: 14530: 14523: 14516: 14508: 14499: 14498: 14496: 14495: 14489: 14486:Loretta Devine 14483: 14477: 14470: 14468: 14464: 14463: 14461: 14460: 14457:Lynn Whitfield 14454: 14451:Lynn Whitfield 14448: 14442: 14436: 14430: 14424: 14418: 14415:Loretta Devine 14412: 14409:Archie Panjabi 14406: 14399: 14397: 14393: 14392: 14390: 14389: 14383: 14380:Angela Bassett 14377: 14374:Chandra Wilson 14371: 14368:Chandra Wilson 14365: 14359: 14353: 14350:Loretta Devine 14347: 14344:Loretta Devine 14341: 14335: 14332:Loretta Devine 14328: 14326: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14312: 14306: 14303:Lynn Whitfield 14300: 14297: 14290: 14288: 14284: 14283: 14276: 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13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13708:Sherry Lansing 13705: 13700: 13695: 13693:Temple Grandin 13690: 13684: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13652:Jean Kilbourne 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13623: 13621: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13576:Ina May Gaskin 13573: 13567: 13565: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13530:Billie Holiday 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13501: 13499: 13491: 13490: 13480: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13361: 13359: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13263:Dorothea Lange 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13229: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13188: 13186: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13136:Bessie Coleman 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13006: 13004: 12996: 12995: 12985: 12984: 12981: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12867: 12865: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12801: 12799: 12795: 12794: 12792: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12724:Eileen Collins 12721: 12716: 12714:Amelia Bloomer 12711: 12706: 12704:Virginia Apgar 12700: 12698: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12673:Nettie Stevens 12670: 12668:Muriel Siebert 12665: 12660: 12655: 12653:Linda Richards 12650: 12645: 12643:Maria Mitchell 12640: 12638:Louise McManus 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12593:Catherine East 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12542:Faye Wattleton 12539: 12534: 12529: 12527:Helen Stephens 12524: 12522:Gloria Steinem 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12447:Dolores Huerta 12444: 12442:Dorothy Height 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12378: 12376: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12362: 12360: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12340:Barbara Jordan 12337: 12331: 12329: 12321: 12320: 12310: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12272: 12270: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12246: 12244: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12231: 12225: 12223: 12219: 12218: 12216: 12215: 12210: 12208:Belva Lockwood 12204: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12194: 12189: 12183: 12181: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12173: 12168: 12162: 12160: 12152: 12151: 12141: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12101: 12099: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12082: 12080: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12072: 12070:Harriet Tubman 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12050:Florence Sabin 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12030:Alice Hamilton 12027: 12025:Amelia Earhart 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11961: 11960: 11950: 11949: 11941: 11940: 11933: 11926: 11918: 11909: 11908: 11905: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11849:Carol Hutchins 11846: 11840: 11838: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11818:Fannie B. Peck 11815: 11813:Lila Neuenfelt 11810: 11805: 11799: 11797: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11756: 11748: 11747: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11708:Martha Baldwin 11705: 11700: 11694: 11692: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11658: 11656: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11631:Bernice Morton 11628: 11623: 11621:Mary Kay Henry 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11536: 11534: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11524:Linda M. Woods 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11504:Candice Miller 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11479:Jocelyn Benson 11475: 11473: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11399: 11397:Harriet Quimby 11394: 11389: 11387:Con-Con Eleven 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11297: 11295: 11291: 11290: 11288: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11270:Edelmira Lopez 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11224:Terry McMillan 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11185: 11183: 11175: 11174: 11164: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11145:Betty Tableman 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11050: 11048: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11034: 11029: 11027:Abigail Rogers 11024: 11019: 11017:Carolyn Geisel 11014: 11012:Haifa Fakhouri 11009: 11004: 10999: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10915:Caroline Thrun 10912: 10907: 10905:Olivia Maynard 10902: 10897: 10892: 10890:Eva Lois Evans 10887: 10881: 10879: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10854:Lystra Gretter 10851: 10846: 10840: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10823:Pamela Withrow 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10788:Nellie Cuellar 10785: 10780: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10667: 10665: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10606: 10604: 10596: 10595: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10527: 10525: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10471: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10439:Alice Hamilton 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10322:Irene Auberlin 10319: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10257: 10255: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10235:Sippie Wallace 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10125: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10027:Erma Henderson 10024: 10018: 10016: 10008: 10007: 9997: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9968:Isabella Karle 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9795:Patricia Boyle 9791: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9724:Virginia Allan 9720: 9718: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9683:Pearl Kendrick 9680: 9675: 9670: 9668:Dorothy Haener 9665: 9660: 9655: 9653:Grace Eldering 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9619: 9617: 9609: 9608: 9598: 9597: 9590: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9567: 9558: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9541: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9520: 9518:Vestal Goodman 9514: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9499: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9483: 9478: 9472: 9470: 9462: 9461: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9439: 9434: 9428: 9426: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9418: 9413: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9386: 9384: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9376: 9371: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9312: 9310: 9306: 9305: 9300: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9262:Mary Ivy Burks 9258: 9256: 9248: 9247: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9225: 9219: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9209: 9203: 9201: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9161: 9159: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9056: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9041: 9035: 9033: 9025: 9024: 9014: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8991: 8989: 8985: 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8484: 8479: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8395: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8363: 8361: 8353: 8352: 8342: 8341: 8334: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8311: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8277: 8267: 8262: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8229: 8226:Democracy Now! 8219: 8210: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8175: 8163: 8158: 8149: 8139: 8138:External links 8136: 8134: 8133: 8131:978-0807076927 8119: 8101: 8070: 8041: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8014: 8008: 8007: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7955: 7938:WJLA 24/7 News 7924: 7893: 7862: 7831: 7801: 7794: 7776: 7745: 7714: 7692: 7660: 7630: 7600: 7568: 7525: 7506: 7480: 7450: 7420: 7384: 7350: 7323: 7292: 7266: 7249:Deutsche Welle 7235: 7208: 7178: 7147: 7117: 7084: 7054: 7024: 6991: 6957: 6926: 6895: 6868: 6837: 6811: 6780: 6754: 6724: 6690: 6664: 6634: 6609: 6579: 6547: 6521: 6495: 6465: 6458: 6440: 6410: 6403: 6377: 6349: 6319: 6289: 6257: 6226: 6198: 6166: 6140: 6114: 6084: 6058: 6028: 6002: 5970: 5950: 5932: 5906: 5880: 5850: 5824: 5809: 5790: 5758: 5727: 5706: 5675: 5642: 5612: 5586: 5556: 5525: 5494: 5464: 5434: 5417: 5391: 5360: 5329: 5293: 5278: 5247: 5209: 5176: 5170:978-1412968461 5169: 5147: 5117: 5087: 5064: 5053:on May 2, 2016 5034: 5017: 4991: 4985:978-0807050477 4984: 4960: 4928: 4898: 4868: 4838: 4804: 4774: 4713: 4698: 4675: 4637: 4607: 4571: 4564: 4540: 4504: 4497: 4472: 4438: 4432:978-0820338651 4431: 4411: 4372: 4319: 4266: 4240: 4221: 4188: 4175:978-1931082280 4174: 4135: 4128: 4104: 4098:978-0313358876 4097: 4077: 4070: 4046: 4039: 4015: 3989: 3982: 3958: 3951: 3933: 3926: 3908:Williams, Juan 3899: 3893:978-1604733044 3892: 3874: 3841: 3810: 3757: 3750: 3721: 3684: 3653: 3623: 3590: 3560: 3536: 3522: 3491: 3476: 3442: 3412: 3382: 3351: 3338:978-0684850122 3337: 3314: 3283: 3277:978-0313376436 3276: 3253: 3240:978-0836833942 3239: 3214: 3184: 3151: 3134:The Henry Ford 3130:Rosa Parks Bus 3117: 3081: 3054: 3031: 2990: 2977:978-0807076927 2976: 2936: 2922: 2900: 2874: 2867: 2842: 2809: 2795: 2771: 2741: 2718:Gilmore, Kim. 2710: 2680: 2646: 2623: 2602:Branch, Taylor 2593: 2580:Pacifica Radio 2575:Democracy Now! 2562:González, Juan 2553: 2523: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484:Elijah B. Odom 2474: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2453:Rosa Parks Act 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2407: 2406: 2392: 2378: 2362: 2359: 2342: 2339: 2295: 2292: 2248:comedy series 2209:Angela Bassett 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2169: 2162: 2160: 2149: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2130: 2128: 2122: 2115: 2113: 2104: 2097: 2095: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2047:his presidency 2028: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2018: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1936: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1890: 1883: 1867: 1859: 1845: 1844: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1809: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1756: 1741: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1679:109–116 (text) 1666: 1663: 1653: 1642:George W. Bush 1638: 1632: 1610: 1607:The Henry Ford 1603: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1583: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1558: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1526: 1518: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1463:Benjamin Spock 1459: 1458: 1457: 1450:Interstate 475 1446: 1439:Nelson Mandela 1432: 1421: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401:Spingarn Medal 1397: 1390: 1356: 1353: 1275:natural causes 1273:Parks died of 1270: 1267: 1250: 1247: 1207:Little Caesars 1187:Quiet Strength 1170: 1167: 1142: 1139: 1085: 1082: 975: 972: 970: 967: 842:Main article: 839: 836: 828:Susie McDonald 818:1956 lawsuit ( 705:General Motors 695: 688: 687: 686: 678: 671: 670: 669: 664: 657: 656: 655: 650: 643: 642: 641: 633: 626: 625: 624: 620: 619: 618: 617: 615: 612: 607:James F. Blake 586: 583: 573: 570: 439: 438:Early activism 436: 324: 321: 305:Rosa Parks Day 273:Spingarn Medal 199:James F. Blake 163: 162: 154: 153: 149: 148: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 120:Known for 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 100: 96: 95: 89: 87:(aged 92) 81: 77: 76: 70: 57: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21538: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21497: 21494: 21492: 21489: 21487: 21484: 21482: 21479: 21477: 21474: 21472: 21469: 21467: 21464: 21462: 21459: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21383: 21381: 21367: 21362: 21352: 21349: 21347: 21344: 21343: 21341: 21339: 21335: 21329: 21326: 21323: 21320: 21317: 21315: 21312: 21310: 21309:Scalia (2016) 21307: 21305: 21303: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21287: 21285: 21281: 21279: 21276: 21274: 21272: 21268: 21267: 21265: 21263: 21257: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21241: 21239: 21237: 21233: 21231: 21229: 21225: 21223: 21221: 21217: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21205: 21203: 21201: 21197: 21195: 21193: 21189: 21188: 21186: 21184: 21180: 21177: 21175: 21171: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21153: 21151: 21148: 21146: 21145:Graham (2018) 21143: 21141: 21138: 21136: 21133: 21132: 21130: 21128: 21124: 21121: 21119: 21118:Lain in honor 21115: 21105: 21103: 21099: 21098: 21096: 21094: 21090: 21084: 21081: 21080: 21078: 21076: 21072: 21066: 21065:Hooper (1875) 21063: 21062: 21060: 21058: 21057:House Chamber 21054: 21048: 21045: 21042: 21039: 21036: 21034: 21031: 21030: 21028: 21026: 21022: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21006: 21003: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20991: 20989: 20988:McCain (2018) 20986: 20984: 20983:Inouye (2012) 20981: 20978: 20975: 20973: 20969: 20966: 20963: 20961: 20957: 20955: 20954:Pepper (1989) 20952: 20950: 20946: 20943: 20941: 20938: 20936: 20934: 20930: 20928: 20925: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20916: 20912: 20910: 20908: 20904: 20902: 20899: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20887: 20885: 20882: 20880: 20877: 20875: 20872: 20870: 20868: 20864: 20862: 20860: 20856: 20854: 20851: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20837: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20824: 20820: 20818: 20817:Wilson (1875) 20815: 20813: 20812:Sumner (1874) 20810: 20808: 20805: 20802: 20799: 20797: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20787: 20785: 20783: 20779: 20776: 20774: 20773:Lain in state 20770: 20766: 20761: 20756: 20752: 20748: 20747:lain in state 20740: 20735: 20733: 20728: 20726: 20721: 20720: 20717: 20705: 20695: 20693: 20690: 20689: 20686: 20680: 20677: 20675: 20674:Neighborhoods 20672: 20670: 20667: 20665: 20662: 20660: 20657: 20655: 20652: 20650: 20647: 20643: 20640: 20638: 20637:Sports firsts 20635: 20633: 20630: 20629: 20628: 20625: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20613: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20571: 20568: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20542: 20541: 20538: 20537: 20535: 20531: 20523: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20515: 20512: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20484: 20482: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20459: 20458: 20455: 20454: 20452: 20450: 20446: 20440: 20439:West Virginia 20437: 20435: 20432: 20430: 20427: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20404: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20388: 20385: 20381: 20378: 20377: 20376:Pennsylvania 20375: 20373: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20356: 20355:New York City 20353: 20352: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20339: 20336: 20335: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20322: 20319: 20318: 20316: 20312: 20309: 20308: 20306: 20302: 20299: 20298: 20297: 20294: 20292: 20289: 20285: 20282: 20281: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20268: 20265: 20264: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20251: 20248: 20247: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20234: 20231: 20230: 20229: 20226: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20213: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20200: 20199:San Francisco 20197: 20195: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20176: 20174: 20172:By state/city 20170: 20164: 20161: 20159: 20156: 20150: 20147: 20145: 20142: 20141: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20131: 20130: 20127: 20123: 20120: 20119: 20118: 20117:American Sign 20115: 20113: 20110: 20109: 20107: 20103: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20086: 20085: 20082: 20080: 20077: 20073: 20070: 20068: 20065: 20064: 20063: 20060: 20056: 20053: 20052: 20051: 20050:Neighborhoods 20048: 20047: 20045: 20041: 20035: 20032: 20028: 20025: 20024: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20008: 20005: 20001: 19998: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19986: 19983: 19982: 19981: 19980:Black Indians 19978: 19976: 19973: 19969: 19966: 19964: 19961: 19959: 19956: 19954: 19951: 19950: 19948: 19947: 19945: 19941: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19910: 19902: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19871: 19868: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19837: 19834: 19831: 19827: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19752: 19750: 19742: 19736: 19733: 19729: 19726: 19725: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19687: 19684: 19683: 19682: 19679: 19677: 19674: 19672: 19669: 19668: 19666: 19662: 19656: 19653: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19643: 19639: 19636: 19635: 19634: 19631: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19618: 19617: 19614: 19612: 19609: 19608: 19606: 19604: 19600: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19578: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19558:Black schools 19556: 19554: 19553:Black studies 19551: 19550: 19548: 19542: 19536: 19535:Whitney Young 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19525:Oprah Winfrey 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19495:Denmark Vesey 19493: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19471: 19468: 19466: 19463: 19461: 19458: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19440:Joseph Rainey 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19395:Toni Morrison 19393: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19380:Joseph Lowery 19378: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19356: 19353: 19351: 19348: 19346: 19343: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19325:Jesse Jackson 19323: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19315:Kamala Harris 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19300:Marcus Garvey 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19250:Blanche Bruce 19248: 19246: 19245:Edward Brooke 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19235:James Bradley 19233: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19215:James Baldwin 19213: 19211: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19197: 19195: 19191: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19159:Neighborhoods 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19108: 19105: 19104: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19054: 19052: 19050: 19046: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19023: 19020: 19019: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19012:Silent Parade 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18974: 18970: 18968: 18967: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18940:Jim Crow laws 18938: 18936: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18911: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18889: 18888: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18834: 18833: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18823: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18791: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18781: 18780: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18763:Black cowboys 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18721: 18717: 18713: 18706: 18701: 18699: 18694: 18692: 18687: 18686: 18683: 18673: 18672: 18667: 18659: 18653: 18650: 18648: 18645: 18643: 18642:Timothy Tyson 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18572:Taylor Branch 18570: 18569: 18567: 18561: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18469: 18467: 18463: 18457: 18456: 18452: 18450: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18432: 18428: 18427: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18420:Freedom songs 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18340: 18336: 18334: 18333: 18329: 18327: 18326: 18322: 18320: 18319: 18315: 18313: 18312: 18308: 18304: 18301: 18300: 18299: 18298: 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18286:Jim Crow laws 18284: 18283: 18281: 18277: 18271: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18255: 18251: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18238: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18225: 18222: 18221: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18214: 18210: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18183:"Oh, Freedom" 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18160: 18158: 18152: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18137: 18135: 18131: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18109:Whitney Young 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18089:Kale Williams 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18057: 18055: 18052: 18050: 18049:Albert Turner 18047: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18039:A. P. Tureaud 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17944:Bayard Rustin 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17794:William Moyer 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17729:Joseph McNeil 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17714:Charles McDew 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17704:Benjamin Mays 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17689:Vivian Malone 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17664:Joseph Lowery 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17589:Clyde Kennard 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17579:Vernon Jordan 17577: 17575: 17574:Matthew Jones 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17539:T. J. Jemison 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17524:Jesse Jackson 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17414:Robert Graetz 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17404:Golden Frinks 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17364:Charles Evers 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17314:Vernon Dahmer 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17269:Septima Clark 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17189:Bruce Boynton 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17114:James Baldwin 17112: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17084:Mathew Ahmann 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17066: 17064: 17060: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16982: 16981:Youth Council 16979: 16978: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16920: 16919: 16915: 16914: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16874: 16872: 16866: 16856: 16855: 16851: 16849: 16848: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16821: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16809: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16787: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16773: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16756: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16736: 16733: 16732: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16707: 16705: 16701: 16695: 16692: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16679: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16638: 16634: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16613: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16591: 16587: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16574: 16573: 16572:Freedom Rides 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16552: 16548: 16546: 16545: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16490: 16488: 16484: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16451: 16450: 16446: 16445: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16431: 16427: 16426: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16408: 16407: 16403: 16402: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16390: 16386: 16382: 16381: 16377: 16375: 16374: 16370: 16368: 16367: 16363: 16361: 16360: 16356: 16355: 16354: 16353: 16349: 16348: 16346: 16342: 16336: 16333: 16330: 16329: 16325: 16322: 16321: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16301: 16299: 16297:Prior to 1954 16295: 16292: 16289: 16282: 16277: 16270: 16265: 16263: 16258: 16256: 16251: 16250: 16247: 16228: 16224: 16221: 16220:Mother Teresa 16217: 16214: 16210: 16207: 16203: 16200: 16196: 16193: 16189: 16186: 16182: 16179: 16175: 16172: 16168: 16165: 16161: 16158: 16154: 16151: 16147: 16144: 16140: 16137: 16133: 16129: 16126: 16122: 16119: 16115: 16112: 16108: 16105: 16101: 16098: 16094: 16091: 16087: 16086: 16084: 16080: 16073: 16069: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16054:Francis Crick 16051: 16048: 16044: 16041: 16037: 16034: 16030: 16027: 16023: 16020: 16019:Leakey family 16016: 16013: 16009: 16006: 16002: 15999: 15995: 15992: 15988: 15985: 15984:Sigmund Freud 15981: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15967: 15964: 15960: 15957: 15953: 15950: 15949:Rachel Carson 15946: 15943: 15939: 15936: 15935:Leo Baekeland 15932: 15931: 15929: 15925: 15918: 15914: 15911: 15907: 15904: 15900: 15897: 15896:David Sarnoff 15893: 15890: 15886: 15883: 15879: 15876: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15862: 15858: 15855: 15854:Lucky Luciano 15851: 15848: 15844: 15841: 15837: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15813: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15785: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15774: 15767: 15766:Oprah Winfrey 15763: 15760: 15756: 15753: 15749: 15746: 15745:Frank Sinatra 15742: 15739: 15735: 15732: 15728: 15725: 15724:Pablo Picasso 15721: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15707: 15704: 15703:Martha Graham 15700: 15697: 15693: 15690: 15686: 15683: 15679: 15676: 15672: 15669: 15665: 15662: 15658: 15655: 15654:Marlon Brando 15651: 15648: 15644: 15641: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15629: 15627: 15623: 15616: 15612: 15609: 15605: 15602: 15598: 15595: 15591: 15588: 15584: 15581: 15577: 15574: 15570: 15567: 15566:Ronald Reagan 15563: 15560: 15556: 15553: 15549: 15546: 15542: 15539: 15535: 15532: 15528: 15525: 15521: 15518: 15514: 15511: 15507: 15504: 15500: 15497: 15493: 15490: 15486: 15483: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15472: 15468: 15466: 15458: 15453: 15451: 15446: 15444: 15439: 15438: 15435: 15422: 15417: 15414: 15409: 15406: 15401: 15398: 15393: 15390: 15385: 15382: 15377: 15374: 15369: 15366: 15361: 15358: 15353: 15350: 15349:Jessye Norman 15345: 15342: 15337: 15334: 15329: 15326: 15321: 15318: 15313: 15310: 15305: 15302: 15297: 15294: 15289: 15286: 15281: 15278: 15273: 15270: 15265: 15262: 15257: 15254: 15253:Vernon Jordan 15249: 15246: 15245:Oprah Winfrey 15241: 15238: 15233: 15230: 15225: 15222: 15217: 15214: 15209: 15206: 15201: 15198: 15193: 15190: 15185: 15182: 15177: 15174: 15169: 15166: 15161: 15158: 15157:Jesse Jackson 15153: 15150: 15145: 15142: 15137: 15134: 15129: 15126: 15122: 15117: 15114: 15109: 15106: 15101: 15098: 15093: 15090: 15089:Coleman Young 15085: 15082: 15081:Rayford Logan 15077: 15074: 15070: 15065: 15062: 15057: 15054: 15050: 15045: 15042: 15037: 15034: 15029: 15026: 15021: 15018: 15013: 15010: 15005: 15002: 15001:Leon Sullivan 14997: 14994: 14989: 14986: 14981: 14978: 14973: 14970: 14969:Edward Brooke 14965: 14962: 14957: 14954: 14949: 14946: 14941: 14938: 14933: 14930: 14925: 14922: 14917: 14914: 14909: 14906: 14901: 14898: 14894: 14889: 14886: 14881: 14878: 14873: 14870: 14865: 14862: 14857: 14854: 14849: 14846: 14841: 14838: 14833: 14830: 14825: 14822: 14817: 14814: 14809: 14806: 14801: 14798: 14793: 14790: 14785: 14782: 14777: 14774: 14769: 14766: 14761: 14758: 14753: 14750: 14745: 14742: 14737: 14734: 14729: 14726: 14721: 14718: 14713: 14710: 14705: 14702: 14697: 14694: 14689: 14686: 14681: 14678: 14673: 14670: 14669:Henry A. Hunt 14665: 14662: 14657: 14654: 14649: 14646: 14641: 14638: 14633: 14630: 14625: 14622: 14617: 14614: 14609: 14606: 14601: 14598: 14593: 14590: 14585: 14582: 14577: 14574: 14569: 14566: 14561: 14558: 14557:Charles Young 14553: 14550: 14545: 14544: 14541: 14536: 14529: 14524: 14522: 14517: 14515: 14510: 14509: 14506: 14493: 14490: 14487: 14484: 14481: 14480:Mary J. Blige 14478: 14475: 14474:Mary J. Blige 14472: 14471: 14469: 14465: 14458: 14455: 14452: 14449: 14446: 14443: 14440: 14437: 14434: 14431: 14428: 14425: 14422: 14419: 14416: 14413: 14410: 14407: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14394: 14387: 14384: 14381: 14378: 14375: 14372: 14369: 14366: 14363: 14360: 14357: 14354: 14351: 14348: 14345: 14342: 14339: 14336: 14333: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14323: 14316: 14313: 14310: 14307: 14304: 14301: 14298: 14295: 14294:Fatima Faloye 14292: 14291: 14289: 14285: 14281: 14274: 14269: 14267: 14262: 14260: 14255: 14254: 14251: 14238: 14235: 14232: 14231:Janelle James 14229: 14226: 14223: 14220: 14219:Marsai Martin 14217: 14216: 14214: 14210: 14203: 14202:Marsai Martin 14200: 14197: 14196:Marsai Martin 14194: 14191: 14190:Marsai Martin 14188: 14185: 14182: 14179: 14178:Marsai Martin 14176: 14173: 14170: 14167: 14164: 14161: 14158: 14155: 14152: 14149: 14148:Sofía Vergara 14146: 14145: 14143: 14139: 14132: 14129: 14126: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14114: 14111: 14108: 14105: 14102: 14099: 14096: 14093: 14090: 14087: 14084: 14081: 14078: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14068: 14061: 14058: 14055: 14052: 14049: 14046: 14043: 14040: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14019: 14014: 14012: 14007: 14005: 14000: 13999: 13996: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13930:Patricia Bath 13928: 13927: 13925: 13921: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13899:Emily Howland 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13853:Toni Morrison 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13824: 13820: 13813: 13809: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13749:Gloria Allred 13747: 13746: 13744: 13740: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13718:Aimee Mullins 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13688:Matilda Cuomo 13686: 13685: 13683: 13679: 13673: 13672:Eleanor Smeal 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13637:Martha Graham 13635: 13633: 13632:Nancy Brinker 13630: 13628: 13625: 13624: 13622: 13618: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13606:Anna Schwartz 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13566: 13562: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13502: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13485: 13481: 13467: 13466:Kate Stoneman 13464: 13462: 13461:Susan Solomon 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13412: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13385:Winona LaDuke 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13356: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13314:Betty Bumpers 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13283:Anne Sullivan 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13189: 13187: 13183: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13151:Althea Gibson 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12990: 12986: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12961:Florence Wald 12959: 12957: 12956:Beverly Sills 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12926:Shannon Lucid 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12855:Edith Wharton 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12796: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12784:Pat Schroeder 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12701: 12699: 12695: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12678:Oprah Winfrey 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12658:Wilma Rudolph 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12578:Myra Bradwell 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12559: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12512:Elaine Roulet 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12422:Betty Friedan 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12373: 12367: 12364: 12363: 12361: 12357: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12315: 12311: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12267: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12241: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12220: 12214: 12213:Lucretia Mott 12211: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12178: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12142: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12091:Margaret Mead 12089: 12087: 12086:Abigail Adams 12084: 12083: 12081: 12077: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12010:Rachel Carson 12008: 12006: 12005:Pearl S. Buck 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11939: 11934: 11932: 11927: 11925: 11920: 11919: 11916: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11841: 11839: 11835: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11794: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11738: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11689: 11683: 11682:Kym L. Worthy 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11662:Agatha Biddle 11660: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11560:Evelyn Golden 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550:Daisy Elliott 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11519:Myra Wolfgang 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11484:Maxine Berman 11482: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11470: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11453:Andra M. Rush 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11418:MaryLee Davis 11416: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11404: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11341:Mary E. McCoy 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11292: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11260:Marilyn Kelly 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11250:Lois A. Bader 11248: 11247: 11245: 11241: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11169: 11165: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11125:Glenda Lappan 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11069:Vicki Neiberg 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11059:Patricia Cuza 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11045: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11002:Gertrude Buck 11000: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10988: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10956:Nancy Hammond 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10835: 10829: 10828:Ruth Zweifler 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10590: 10586: 10572: 10571:Ardeth Platte 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10536:Olympia Brown 10534: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10522: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10510:Ruth Thompson 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10466: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10419:Ellen Burstyn 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10363: 10359: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10327:Hilda R. Gage 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10296:Aleda E. Lutz 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10271:Flossie Cohen 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10186: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10164:Ann M. Shafer 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10093:Janet K. Good 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10069: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9998: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9934: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9861:Georgia Emery 9859: 9857: 9856:Ethel Calhoun 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9588: 9583: 9581: 9576: 9574: 9569: 9568: 9565: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9530: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9488: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9452: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9432:Milly Francis 9430: 9429: 9427: 9423: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9344: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9242: 9238: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9214: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9198: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9177: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9156: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9129: 9128:Rosa Gerhardt 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9051: 9045: 9044:Maria Fearing 9042: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9015: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8965: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8881: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8797: 8793: 8779: 8778:Geneva Mercer 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8564: 8560: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8540:Myrtle Brooke 8538: 8537: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8367:Hallie Farmer 8365: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8318: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8303: 8296: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8281: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8192: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8117:0-590-46538-4 8114: 8110: 8106: 8105:James Haskins 8102: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8040: 8039:0-14-303600-9 8036: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7797: 7795:3-8258-9531-9 7791: 7787: 7780: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7718: 7702: 7696: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7613:Recordnet.com 7610: 7604: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7522:. p. 57. 7521: 7517: 7510: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7391: 7389: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7357: 7355: 7338: 7334: 7327: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7296: 7280: 7276: 7270: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7239: 7223: 7219: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7012: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6996: 6987: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6872: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6784: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6720: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6602:September 24, 6597: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6461: 6459:1-57392-963-8 6455: 6451: 6444: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6381: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6261: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6037:"Parks, Rosa" 6032: 6016: 6012: 6006: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5957:Ashby, Ruth. 5954: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5813: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5794: 5775: 5768: 5762: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5723:0-906944-30-9 5720: 5716: 5710: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5679: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5429: 5421: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5307:Reading Eagle 5303: 5297: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5261:Women's eNews 5258: 5251: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5157:"Parks, Rosa" 5151: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5068: 5057:September 11, 5052: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5030: 5029: 5021: 5010:September 11, 5005: 5001: 4995: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4964: 4953:September 11, 4948: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4861:September 11, 4856: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4682: 4680: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4611: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4565:0-8037-0673-1 4561: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4544: 4528: 4525:. p. 1. 4524: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4500: 4498:0-06-064691-8 4494: 4490: 4489: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4360: 4356: 4340:(Adobe Flash) 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4307: 4303: 4287:(adobe flash) 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4192: 4181:September 13, 4177: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149:reprinted in 4146: 4139: 4131: 4129:0-8078-4661-9 4125: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4108: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4040:0-9629468-0-X 4036: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3985: 3983:0-8037-0673-1 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3962: 3954: 3952:0-465-04416-6 3948: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3927:0-14-009653-1 3923: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3798: 3794: 3778:(adobe flash) 3776: 3772: 3768: 3761: 3753: 3751:1-55652-590-7 3747: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3677:September 16, 3672: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3557: 3556:0-394-75623-1 3553: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3533: 3532: 3526: 3515:September 11, 3510: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3395:We're History 3392: 3386: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3340: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3319: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3260: 3258: 3242: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3219: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3086: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3036: 3019: 3016:. p. 2. 3015: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2925: 2923:0-8420-4225-3 2919: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2870: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2798: 2796:0-670-89160-6 2792: 2788: 2783: 2775: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2729: 2725: 2724:Biography.com 2721: 2714: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2673:September 12, 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2516:106–26 (text) 2510: 2503: 2499: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2393: 2390: 2379: 2376: 2365: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2345:In 1979, the 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2251:Psychobitches 2247: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Jesse Jackson 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2146: 2141: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912:The asteroid 1911: 1910: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1880:Mobile Studio 1877: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1830: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1755:in her honor. 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:Super Bowl XL 1715: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1704:Interstate 96 1701: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656:Metro Transit 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1612:2004: In the 1611: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587:Interstate 10 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1425:Candace Award 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299:lay in repose 1296: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Interstate 55 1219: 1216:In 1994, the 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1177:Parks in 1993 1175: 1166: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:Wilmington 10 1107: 1106:Joanne Little 1103: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1078:Black Panther 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1050:urban renewal 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 985: 980: 969:Detroit years 966: 963: 958: 956: 952: 951: 944: 942: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 892: 887: 885: 880: 875: 872: 871: 865: 863: 862:mimeographing 859: 855: 851: 845: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:Bayard Rustin 795: 790: 788: 787:Clifford Durr 784: 780: 775: 770: 765: 763: 758: 756: 752: 751:Sydney Rogers 747: 741: 740: 734: 732: 727: 723: 719: 715: 713: 709: 706: 692: 681: 675: 661: 647: 637: 630: 611: 608: 603: 599: 595: 591: 578: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 554:George W. Lee 551: 547: 542: 540: 539:Septima Clark 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Virginia Durr 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 488: 485: 484: 479: 475: 471: 466: 464: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 444:Raymond Parks 435: 433: 428: 424: 422: 418: 414: 408: 403: 400: 398: 394: 390: 389:Jim Crow laws 386: 381: 379: 374: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 223: 219: 218: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 160: 155: 150: 145: 144:Raymond Parks 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 115: 112: 108: 104: 101: 99:Resting place 97: 92: 82: 78: 73: 56: 52: 47: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 21365: 21301: 21283: 21270: 21243: 21235: 21227: 21219: 21207: 21199: 21191: 21155:Evans (2021) 21140:Parks (2005) 21139: 21101: 21083:Brown (1996) 21047:Young (2022) 21005:Lewis (2020) 20993: 20971: 20959: 20932: 20914: 20906: 20889: 20866: 20858: 20848:Dewey (1917) 20835: 20830:Logan (1886) 20822: 20795: 20745:Individuals 20590:Sportspeople 20560:Billionaires 20477:Sierra Leone 20380:Philadelphia 20216:Jacksonville 20043:Demographics 19875:Jack Johnson 19865:Muhammad Ali 19698:Conservatism 19633:Black church 19530:Andrew Young 19515:Ida B. Wells 19505:David Walker 19500:C. T. Vivian 19455:Paul Robeson 19450:Hiram Revels 19430:Colin Powell 19419: 19410:Barack Obama 19365:James Lawson 19320:Jimi Hendrix 19290:James Farmer 19285:Medgar Evers 19255:Ralph Bunche 19205:Maya Angelou 19179:Middle class 19057:Afrofuturism 18983: 18971: 18964: 18885: 18830: 18777: 18743:Afrocentrism 18733:Abolitionism 18662: 18602:David Garrow 18582:John Dittmer 18453: 18380:Brown Chapel 18337: 18330: 18323: 18316: 18309: 18295: 18252: 18104:Andrew Young 18059:A. T. Walden 18054:C. T. Vivian 18014:Maxine Smith 17849:Homer Plessy 17833: 17829:James Orange 17784:Irene Morgan 17739:William Ming 17719:Ralph McGill 17654:Viola Liuzzo 17639:Jim Letherer 17624:James Lawson 17554:Vernon Johns 17544:Esau Jenkins 17499:Myles Horton 17449:Fred Hampton 17439:Prathia Hall 17429:Dick Gregory 17399:Marie Foster 17394:James Forman 17384:James Farmer 17369:Medgar Evers 17329:Angela Davis 17264:Ramsey Clark 17244:James Chaney 17239:Johnnie Carr 17219:Ralph Bunche 17214:H. Rap Brown 17204:Ruby Bridges 17164:Joanne Bland 17139:Claude Black 17119:Marion Barry 17089:Muhammad Ali 16916: 16852: 16845: 16806: 16784: 16753: 16746: 16588: 16549: 16542: 16472:Kissing Case 16447: 16404: 16387: 16378: 16371: 16364: 16357: 16350: 16326: 16318: 16191: 16143:Helen Keller 16118:Billy Graham 16090:Muhammad Ali 16058:James Watson 16005:Edwin Hubble 15970:Enrico Fermi 15889:Pete Rozelle 15840:Estée Lauder 15738:Bart Simpson 15675:Le Corbusier 15640:Lucille Ball 15510:Adolf Hitler 15464: 15404: 15389:Willie Brown 15380: 15357:Quincy Jones 15325:Cicely Tyson 15301:John Conyers 15197:Maya Angelou 15173:Colin Powell 15141:Percy Sutton 15112: 15072: 15069:Andrew Young 15060: 15032: 15017:Wilson Riles 15009:Gordon Parks 14937:Medgar Evers 14821:Ralph Bunche 14789:Paul Robeson 14732: 14621:Roland Hayes 14338:Debbi Morgan 14314: 14172:Yara Shahidi 14059: 14054:Jackée Harry 13960:Loretta Ross 13935:Ruby Bridges 13879:Judy Chicago 13774:Rose O'Neill 13754:Angela Davis 13733:Alice Waters 13728:Janet Rowley 13723:Carol Mutter 13611:Emma Willard 13591:Nancy Pelosi 13586:Kate Millett 13451:Ruth Patrick 13446:Emma Lazarus 13431:Karen DeCrow 13426:Mildred Cohn 13121:Lucille Ball 13095:Eudora Welty 13070:Sophia Smith 13055:Kate Mullany 12911:Sarah Grimké 12876:Maya Angelou 12709:Ann Bancroft 12688:Fanny Wright 12608:Grace Hopper 12532:Lillian Wald 12491: 12487:Annie Oakley 12467:Mary Mahoney 12291:Mary Risteau 12281:Willa Cather 12234:Bessie Smith 12112:Dorothea Dix 12040:Helen Keller 12015:Mary Cassatt 11990:Clara Barton 11828:Diana Sieger 11772:Glenda Price 11565:Olivia Letts 11555:Faith Fowler 11255:Jumana Judeh 11229:Edith Munger 11150:Marlo Thomas 11100:Carol Atkins 11054:Carol Atkins 10966:Marge Piercy 10961:Viola Liuzzo 10859:Florine Mark 10752:Lana Pollack 10635:Chuan-Pu Lee 10373:Anna Clemenc 10342:Odessa Komer 10286:Flora Hommel 10266:Ruth Carlton 10174:Lucy Thurman 10154:Gilda Radner 9953:Alexa Canady 9943:Clara Arthur 9830:Helen Thomas 9805:Gwen Frostic 9692: 9481:Janie Shores 9206: 8773:Gwen Bristow 8736:Lella Warren 8372:Helen Keller 8225: 8191:"Rosa Parks" 8183: 8122: 8108: 8098:Homer Plessy 8091: 8087: 8055: 8049: 8030: 8023: 8002: 7977:. 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H. Taft 20555:Astronauts 20345:New Jersey 20189:California 19693:Capitalism 19490:Nat Turner 19420:Rosa Parks 19405:Diane Nash 19375:John Lewis 19164:Newspapers 19134:Literature 19119:Juneteenth 19072:Businesses 18926:Exodusters 18894:Free Negro 18565:historians 18246:Satyagraha 18212:Influences 17904:James Reeb 17839:James Peck 17834:Rosa Parks 17804:Diane Nash 17674:Danny Lyon 17649:John Lewis 17594:A. D. 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Enslow. 2787:Rosa Parks 2494:References 2310:Rosa Parks 2262:Doctor Who 2214:Barbershop 2053:' bust of 2035:Artis Lane 1960:opened in 1760:Ed Rendell 1749:Tom Suozzi 1722:Ford Field 1650:half-staff 1528:President 1368:statue by 1365:Rosa Parks 1165:Michigan. 1118:Gary Tyler 349:Pine Level 323:Early life 297:California 110:Occupation 64:1913-02-04 32:Rosa Parks 21302:Rehnquist 21236:Roosevelt 21183:East Room 20974:(2006–07, 20907:H. Hoover 20755:in repose 20669:Monuments 20545:Activists 20397:Tennessee 20317:Michigan 20301:Baltimore 20291:Louisiana 20284:Lexington 20267:Davenport 20206:Cleveland 20105:Languages 20034:Melungeon 20012:Blaxicans 19880:Joe Louis 19735:Socialism 19671:Anarchism 19400:Bob Moses 19385:Malcolm X 19305:Fred Gray 19169:Soul food 19107:New Negro 19092:Folktales 19002:Redlining 18224:Padayatra 18173:"Kumbaya" 18133:By region 17789:Bob Moses 17694:Bob Mants 17679:Malcolm X 17599:C.B. 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