127:
2484:
2453:
109:
1740:
397:
Today's broadleaved forests are dominated by rosid species, which in turn help with diversification in many other living lineages. Additionally, rosid herbs and shrubs are a significant part of arctic/alpine and temperate floras. The clade also includes some aquatic, desert and parasitic plants.
1609:
Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae
Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae,
522:
The rosids consist of 17 orders. In addition to
Vitales, there are eight orders in fabids and eight orders in malvids. Some of the orders have only recently been recognized. These are Vitales, Zygophyllales, Crossosomatales, Picramniales, and Huerteales.
1657:
Worberg, Andreas; Alford, Mac H.; Quandt, Dietmar; Borsch, Thomas (2009), "Huerteales sister to
Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia",
513:
The rosids consist of two groups: the order
Vitales and the eurosids (true rosids). The eurosids, in turn, are divided into two groups: fabids (Fabidae, eurosids I) and malvids (Malvidae, eurosids II).
1514:
Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007),
1433:
Burleigh, J. Gordon; Hilu, Khidir W.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2009), "Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms",
2564:
2615:
1772:
1820:
1515:
1618:
1591:
1239:
1134:; Bell, Charles D.; Brockington, Samuel F.; Alexandre, Roolse; Davis, Charles C.; Latvis, Maribeth; Manchester, Steven R.;
1354:
Folk, Ryan A.; Sun, Miao; Soltis, Pamela S.; Smith, Stephen A.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Guralnick, Robert P. (March 2018).
1642:
1096:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
2569:
1765:
2620:
1799:
457:
in the rosids. Others excluded both of these orders. The circumscription used in this article is that of the
1825:
1815:
1078:
bacteria, helping the plant grow in poor soils). Not all plants in this clade are actinorhizal, however.
419:
2487:
1758:
446:
423:
360:
469:
The rosids and
Saxifragales form the superrosids clade. This is one of three groups that comprise the
364:
1810:
1414:
126:
1744:
1192:
Scotland, Robert W.; Wortley, Alexandra H. (2003), "How many species of seed plants are there?",
2582:
2504:
439:
2577:
1586:, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, vol. II (2nd ed.), Clarendon Press, pp. 1-51 ,
2610:
2551:
1442:
1275:
1147:
426:
by different authors. The name "rosids" is informal and not assumed to have any particular
1356:"Challenges of comprehensive taxon sampling in comparative biology: Wrestling with rosids"
8:
1499:
1446:
1279:
1151:
2471:
1805:
1719:
1542:
1465:
1263:
1209:
1170:
1138:(10 March 2009), "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests",
1071:
121:
1750:
1320:
Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009), "Angiosperm diversification through time",
1298:
2465:
2280:
1711:
1638:
1614:
1587:
1470:
1395:
1387:
1337:
1303:
1266:(2004), "Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms",
1235:
1175:
1135:
490:
1723:
2542:
2477:
2062:
1891:
1861:
1701:
1693:
1667:
1534:
1460:
1450:
1377:
1367:
1329:
1293:
1283:
1259:
1255:
1227:
1201:
1165:
1155:
1131:
1107:
368:
2605:
2365:
2223:
1873:
1836:
1782:
1607:
1560:
1075:
877:
411:
379:
356:
341:
289:
164:
2388:
2345:
2290:
1962:
1886:
494:
427:
151:
2599:
2527:
2267:
2228:
2160:
2078:
1938:
1786:
1391:
587:
486:
474:
232:
66:
1288:
1160:
2335:
2190:
2170:
2120:
2052:
2020:
2015:
1968:
1715:
1474:
1455:
1399:
1341:
1307:
1179:
899:
754:
639:
470:
450:
435:
414:
showed that the correct basis for the name "Rosidae" is a description of a
294:
262:
247:
1697:
1415:"A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants"
1382:
2536:
2403:
2398:
2327:
2243:
2165:
2107:
2096:
1997:
1986:
1956:
1928:
1855:
1582:
Chalk, L. (1983), "Wood structure", in
Metcalfe, C.R.; Chalk, L. (eds.),
1418:
1225:
965:
617:
482:
349:
314:
237:
190:
41:
1546:
1333:
535:
of rosids shown below is adapted from the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
2383:
2360:
2285:
2238:
2233:
2213:
2175:
2091:
1974:
1913:
1905:
1706:
1671:
1213:
943:
921:
831:
654:
498:
478:
391:
375:
304:
299:
279:
242:
86:
51:
1613:, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. IX, Springer,
1372:
1355:
1112:
1095:
2413:
2393:
2350:
2340:
2057:
1918:
1849:
1538:
532:
337:
91:
2498:
1205:
2521:
2408:
2317:
2312:
2300:
2248:
2218:
2142:
2039:
2005:
1980:
1923:
980:
846:
565:
502:
461:
classification, which includes
Vitales, but excludes Saxifragales.
309:
284:
222:
177:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
2452:
2556:
2375:
2355:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2067:
811:
739:
717:
695:
553:
454:
407:
345:
274:
267:
257:
252:
217:
108:
96:
71:
1606:
410:", which had usually been understood to be a subclass. In 1967,
2418:
2152:
2010:
1950:
1739:
458:
422:. The clade was later renamed "Rosidae" and has been variously
387:
383:
227:
34:
30:
415:
333:
138:
1253:
431:
1093:
449:
of the rosids were used. Some authors included the orders
1656:
1584:
Wood
Structure and Conclusion of the General Introduction
1226:
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Peter K. Endress;
1780:
1561:"Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants"
1513:
382:
estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the
367:. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 140
1129:
1432:
1353:
2597:
1319:
1684:Wall, L. (2000), "The actinorhizal symbiosis",
1599:
1420:Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome
1268:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1191:
1140:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1626:
1766:
1650:
1507:
1426:
1313:
1185:
1773:
1759:
1632:
1552:
1234:, Sunderland, Massachusetts, US: Sinauer,
1232:Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms
1125:
1123:
394:, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago.
107:
1705:
1637:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press,
1575:
1464:
1454:
1406:
1381:
1371:
1297:
1287:
1247:
1219:
1169:
1159:
1111:
1677:
1605:
1516:"Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1100:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1497:
1120:
2598:
1686:Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation
1558:
1412:
2503:
2502:
1754:
1581:
1480:
1683:
1130:Wang, Hengchang; Moore, Michael J.;
1074:(which have root nodules containing
2616:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
1094:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
1087:
355:The clade is divided into 16 to 20
13:
14:
2632:
1732:
1254:Davies, T.J.; Barraclough, T.G.;
684:nitrogen‑fixing clade
508:
430:like the names authorized by the
406:The name is based upon the name "
374:Fossil rosids are known from the
2483:
2482:
2451:
1738:
1635:The Families of Flowering Plants
464:
125:
39:
418:of plants published in 1830 by
16:Large clade of flowering plants
1347:
1:
1081:
438:based upon evidence found by
348:, more than a quarter of all
116:Various modern rosid species
1501:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
526:
7:
420:Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling
10:
2637:
1633:Hutchinson, John (1979) ,
1498:Stevens, Peter F. (2001),
1360:American Journal of Botany
1322:American Journal of Botany
1070:contains a high number of
344:, containing about 70,000
2511:
2460:
2449:
2374:
2326:
2308:
2299:
2276:
2265:
2204:
2151:
2138:
2129:
2116:
2105:
2087:
2076:
2048:
2037:
1996:
1946:
1937:
1904:
1900:
1882:
1871:
1845:
1834:
1794:
1559:Reveal, James L. (1995),
1413:Reveal, James L. (2008),
978:
963:
956:
941:
934:
919:
912:
897:
890:
875:
868:
844:
829:
822:
815:
752:
737:
730:
715:
708:
693:
686:
652:
637:
630:
615:
608:
600:
585:
578:
570:
551:
544:
517:
214:
209:
122:Scientific classification
120:
115:
106:
23:
1435:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1289:10.1073/pnas.0308127100
1161:10.1073/pnas.0813376106
401:
332:are members of a large
1456:10.1186/1471-2148-9-61
440:molecular phylogenetic
2621:Plant unranked clades
2578:Paleobiology Database
1698:10.1007/s003440000027
1068:nitrogen-fixing clade
606:COM clade
1747:at Wikimedia Commons
1571:(2): 68–76 See p. 72
481:), the others being
1447:2009BMCEE...9...61B
1334:10.3732/ajb.0800060
1280:2004PNAS..101.1904D
1152:2009PNAS..106.3853W
1072:actinorhizal plants
1672:10.1002/tax.582012
1136:Soltis, Douglas E.
2593:
2592:
2505:Taxon identifiers
2496:
2495:
2466:Basal angiosperms
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2281:Berberidopsidales
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
1743:Media related to
1620:978-3-540-32219-1
1593:978-0-19-854559-0
1441:(1), File 7: 61,
1373:10.1002/ajb2.1059
1241:978-0-87893-817-9
1132:Soltis, Pamela S.
1113:10.1111/boj.12385
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
857:
856:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
674:
673:
665:
664:
491:Berberidopsidales
434:. The rosids are
359:, depending upon
326:
325:
2628:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2572:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2500:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2455:
2306:
2305:
2274:
2273:
2136:
2135:
2114:
2113:
2085:
2084:
2046:
2045:
1944:
1943:
1902:
1901:
1880:
1879:
1862:Austrobaileyales
1843:
1842:
1821:Acrogymnospermae
1783:flowering plants
1775:
1768:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1709:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1539:10.2307/25065865
1524:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1458:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1385:
1375:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1291:
1262:; Soltis, D.E.;
1251:
1245:
1244:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1163:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1091:
959:
958:
937:
936:
915:
914:
893:
892:
871:
870:
825:
824:
818:
817:
733:
732:
711:
710:
689:
688:
633:
632:
611:
610:
603:
602:
581:
580:
573:
572:
547:
546:
539:
538:
445:Three different
342:flowering plants
130:
129:
111:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2456:
2423:
2370:
2322:
2295:
2270:
2253:
2224:Crossosomatales
2200:
2147:
2125:
2110:
2101:
2081:
2072:
2063:Trochodendrales
2042:
2025:
1992:
1933:
1896:
1892:Ceratophyllales
1876:
1867:
1839:
1830:
1811:Marchantiophyta
1790:
1779:
1735:
1730:
1682:
1678:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1580:
1576:
1557:
1553:
1522:
1512:
1508:
1496:
1481:
1431:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1352:
1348:
1318:
1314:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1224:
1220:
1206:10.2307/3647306
1190:
1186:
1128:
1121:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:nitrogen fixing
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
878:Crossosomatales
858:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
675:
666:
529:
520:
511:
467:
412:Armen Takhtajan
404:
380:Molecular clock
361:circumscription
290:Crossosomatales
124:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2574:
2561:
2548:
2533:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2366:Paracryphiales
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2291:Caryophyllales
2288:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1874:Mesangiosperms
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Polypodiophyta
1813:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1734:
1733:External links
1731:
1729:
1728:
1692:(2): 167–182,
1676:
1666:(2): 468–478,
1649:
1643:
1625:
1619:
1598:
1592:
1574:
1551:
1533:(3): 822–846,
1506:
1479:
1425:
1405:
1383:2027.42/143800
1366:(3): 433–445.
1346:
1328:(1): 349–365,
1312:
1264:Savolainen, V.
1246:
1240:
1218:
1184:
1146:(10): 3853–8,
1119:
1085:
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1060:
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509:Classification
507:
495:Caryophyllales
466:
463:
428:taxonomic rank
403:
400:
390:stages of the
365:classification
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
272:
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212:
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194:
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181:
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155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2633:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Metteniusales
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Escalloniales
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:Superasterids
2264:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Zygophyllales
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:Core eudicots
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:Petrosaviales
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Chloranthales
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
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1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1644:9783874291606
1640:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1612:
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1602:
1595:
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1578:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1548:
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1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
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1510:
1503:
1502:
1494:
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1490:
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1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:(7): 1904–9,
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Mark W. Chase
1222:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
983:
982:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
961:
960:
954:
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946:
945:
939:
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932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
917:
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909:
906:
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902:
901:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
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873:
872:
866:
865:
862:
861:
853:
852:
849:
848:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
770:
769:
761:
760:
757:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
735:
734:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
713:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
683:
682:
679:
678:
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669:
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650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
635:
634:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
613:
612:
605:
604:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
588:Zygophyllales
583:
582:
576:fabids
575:
574:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
549:
548:
542:rosids
541:
540:
536:
534:
524:
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:superasterids
484:
480:
476:
475:core eudicots
472:
465:Relationships
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
233:Zygophyllales
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
213:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:Tracheophytes
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
36:
32:
22:
19:
2512:
2336:Aquifoliales
2229:Picramniales
2191:Cucurbitales
2171:Malpighiales
2130:
2121:Saxifragales
2053:Ranunculales
2021:Zingiberales
2016:Commelinales
1969:Dioscoreales
1850:Amborellales
1826:Angiospermae
1689:
1685:
1679:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1608:
1601:
1583:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1530:
1526:
1518:Tracheophyta
1517:
1509:
1500:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1408:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1271:
1267:
1260:Soltis, P.S.
1249:
1231:
1221:
1200:(1): 101–4,
1197:
1193:
1187:
1143:
1139:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1067:
1065:
979:
964:
942:
920:
900:Picramniales
898:
876:
845:
830:
755:Cucurbitales
753:
738:
716:
694:
653:
640:Malpighiales
638:
616:
586:
552:
530:
521:
512:
471:Pentapetalae
468:
451:Saxifragales
444:
436:monophyletic
405:
396:
373:
354:
338:monophyletic
329:
327:
295:Picramniales
263:Cucurbitales
248:Malpighiales
203:
197:
184:
171:
158:
145:
18:
2611:Superrosids
2537:Wikispecies
2404:Gentianales
2399:Boraginales
2328:Campanulids
2244:Brassicales
2166:Celastrales
2108:Superrosids
2097:Dilleniales
1998:Commelinids
1987:Asparagales
1957:Alismatales
1929:Magnoliales
1856:Nymphaeales
1837:Angiosperms
1798:Supergroup
1707:11336/71779
1256:Chase, M.W.
1106:(1): 1–20.
966:Brassicales
618:Celastrales
483:Dilleniales
447:definitions
350:angiosperms
315:Brassicales
238:Celastrales
191:Superrosids
165:Angiosperms
2600:Categories
2472:Alismatids
2384:Icacinales
2361:Dipsacales
2286:Santalales
2239:Huerteales
2234:Sapindales
2214:Geraniales
2176:Oxalidales
2092:Gunnerales
1975:Pandanales
1914:Canellales
1906:Magnoliids
1781:Orders of
1565:Phytologia
1082:References
944:Huerteales
922:Sapindales
832:Geraniales
655:Oxalidales
499:Santalales
479:Gunnerales
442:analysis.
392:Cretaceous
376:Cretaceous
340:group) of
305:Huerteales
300:Sapindales
280:Geraniales
243:Oxalidales
2419:Vahliales
2414:Solanales
2394:Garryales
2351:Bruniales
2341:Asterales
2058:Proteales
1919:Piperales
1806:Bryophyta
1610:Sabiaceae
1392:0002-9122
533:phylogeny
527:Phylogeny
424:delimited
135:Kingdom:
2557:47107717
2522:Wikidata
2488:Category
2478:Lilioids
2409:Lamiales
2318:Ericales
2313:Cornales
2301:Asterids
2249:Malvales
2219:Myrtales
2040:Eudicots
2006:Arecales
1981:Liliales
1951:Acorales
1939:Monocots
1924:Laurales
1724:12887261
1716:11038226
1547:25065865
1475:19292928
1400:29665035
1342:21628193
1308:14766971
1230:(2005),
1180:19223592
981:Malvales
847:Myrtales
566:eurosids
503:asterids
485:and the
378:period.
369:families
310:Malvales
285:Myrtales
223:Eurosids
178:Eudicots
2528:Q338878
2376:Lamiids
2356:Apiales
2206:Malvids
2196:Fagales
2186:Rosales
2181:Fabales
2143:Vitales
2068:Buxales
1466:2674047
1443:Bibcode
1276:Bibcode
1214:3647306
1171:2644257
1148:Bibcode
812:malvids
740:Fagales
718:Rosales
696:Fabales
568:
554:Vitales
455:Vitales
408:Rosidae
346:species
275:Malvids
268:Fagales
258:Rosales
253:Fabales
218:Vitales
210:Orders
139:Plantae
37:–Recent
2606:Rosids
2583:307406
2543:Rosids
2513:Rosids
2153:Fabids
2131:Rosids
2011:Poales
1787:APG IV
1745:Rosids
1722:
1714:
1641:
1617:
1590:
1545:
1473:
1463:
1398:
1390:
1340:
1306:
1299:357025
1296:
1238:
1212:
1178:
1168:
518:Orders
501:, and
477:minus
459:APG IV
388:Albian
384:Aptian
357:orders
330:rosids
228:Fabids
204:Rosids
35:Albian
31:Aptian
24:Rosids
2570:71275
1800:Plant
1720:S2CID
1660:Taxon
1543:JSTOR
1527:Taxon
1523:(PDF)
1210:JSTOR
1194:Taxon
416:group
334:clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
172:Clade
159:Clade
146:Clade
2565:NCBI
1712:PMID
1639:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1471:PMID
1396:PMID
1388:ISSN
1338:PMID
1304:PMID
1236:ISBN
1176:PMID
1066:The
531:The
453:and
432:ICBN
402:Name
363:and
328:The
42:PreꞒ
2552:EoL
1702:hdl
1694:doi
1668:doi
1535:doi
1461:PMC
1451:doi
1378:hdl
1368:doi
1364:105
1330:doi
1294:PMC
1284:doi
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386:or
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