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Royal Artillery Memorial

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other three sides. The proposal proved controversial. Although recumbent effigies were not uncommon on tombs and (to a lesser extent) war memorials, a sculpture of a dead soldier at eye level was an unusual and dramatic feature among First World War memorials—architects often preferred abstract, classical designs (such as the Cenotaph) or portrayed death through allegory. Jagger was adamant about the inclusion, even offering to pay for the casting of the additional figure himself. After considerable debate, the RAWCF agreed to the modification. Jagger's work continued to take longer than planned, partially due to shortages of staff, the need to approve each amendment to the plan, and practical problems on the site itself. The names of his models for three of the statues are known—William Fosten for the driver, another ex-gunner called Metcalfe for the ammunition carrier, and Lieutenant
696: 214:. The static nature of the conflict, particularly on the Western Front, meant that artillery played a major role in the war, though physical reminders of the fighting were often avoided in the years after the war. The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918 to preside over the regiment's commemorations, aware of some dissatisfaction with memorials to previous wars. The RAWCF approached several eminent architects but its insistence on a visual representation of artillery meant that none was able to produce a satisfactory design. Thus they approached Jagger, himself an ex-soldier who had been wounded in the war. Jagger produced a design which was accepted in 1922, though he modified it several times before construction. 348: 895:, and in July 2014 it was one of five memorials in London to be upgraded to Grade I status to mark the centenary of the First World War. Listed building status provides legal protection from demolition or modification. Grade II* is applied to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest" and applied to about 5.5 per cent of listed buildings; Grade I is reserved for structures of "the greatest historic interest", and applies to around 2.5 per cent of listed buildings. The list entry notes its group value with the multiple other monuments on the Hyde Park Corner island (many of which are also listed), including the Wellington Arch and the multiple other war memorials. 655:, who focused on depicting the physical labour of soldiers and workers during the war. The memorial shows the three upright bronze figures stood at ease, rather than to attention; the driver leans back against the parapet, his cape hanging over his outstretched arms, suggesting an attitude of exhaustion or contemplation. The faceless, heavily laden statue of the fallen soldier appears less at rest than exhausted, pulled down as if by a great weight. At the same time, the sheer size of the memorial, including the oversized gun and larger-than-life bronze figures, exudes a sense of strength and power; the figures are stocky, confident and imposing. This contributes to the sense of 840: 448:, a member of the RAWCF committee, encouraged his fellow members to consider Jagger on the grounds that the memorial would be the work which established Jagger's reputation and thus the sculptor would produce his best work. The RAWCF requested that he submit a model for a realist sculpture, which should include a group of soldiers in bronze on a pedestal. The RAWCF felt that a realist design would have broader appeal and would be inclusive of the tastes of ordinary artillerymen—rather than catering solely for the tastes of the officers—while at the same time creating a historical record of the era for future generations. 452: 36: 687:. The carved stone reliefs have an aggressive, hostile quality to them, a consequence of their focus on surface detail at the expense of the humans in the design. When questioned about his lifelike depictions, Jagger said that the "experience in the trenches persuaded me of the necessity for frankness and truth". According to historian John Glaves-Smith, the memorial uses themes of "endurance and sacrifice, not dynamism and conflict", and thus speaks to its audience about the experience of war in a way that the Cenotaph, for example, does not. 759: 473:
accepted their advice on technical matters related to artillery procedures and the appearance of the howitzer, but was protective of his artistic independence and would not brook suggestions which he felt would impinge on the quality of the work. There were concerns on the committee that the design would shock members of the public, especially women, but the RAWCF eventually voted 50 to 15 in favour of accepting the design and the proposed cost of ÂŁ25,000. Jagger was formally awarded the contract for the memorial in March 1922.
507: 636: 331:, with contributions from the Royal Artillery and other regiments, though this was quickly discarded as unlikely to gain approval from the relevant authorities. The national proposals stalled, partly because of concerns that individual regiments would not be able to maintain their individuality—something of great importance to the RAWCF—within a uniform whole. The RAWCF began exploring sites for its own individual monument, either at 288:, found the scale of the losses difficult to deal with, or felt that their trust in the political leadership that had led them into the war had been challenged. Visual reminders of the conflict were often avoided: mutilated servicemen, for example, were banned in the 1920s from joining in veterans' marches, and those with facial injuries often hid them in public. Where sculpture of human figures was used in 3353: 827:, remarks that the memorial "is now internationally recognised as one of the finest memorials to have been erected anywhere after the First World War. Its combination of sculptural force, boldness of conception, vivid narrative and humanity makes the memorial pre-eminent", and notes that "the inclusion of an over-life size corpse was boldly direct and is without parallel on any major British memorial". The 241:, which used pure architectural forms and classical symbolism. The design was controversial when unveiled; some critics viewed the dead soldier as too graphic or felt that the howitzer did not lend itself to rendition in stone. Nonetheless, the memorial was popular with others, including ex-servicemen, and later came to be recognised as Jagger's masterpiece and one of Britain's finest war memorials. 303:. The RAWCF's intention was to remember the artillerymen who had died during the war, and after some discussions of various options, including purchasing a house for wounded soldiers, or building a number of small shrines across the country, the RAWCF decided to construct a single memorial to the fallen Royal Artillery servicemen. Memorials to lost servicemen from the previous major conflict, the 864:. Despite the delay, the RAWCF and Jagger parted on very good terms, the committee exceptionally pleased with the final memorial. Such was the toll on Jagger that after its unveiling he suspended work on all his other projects for six months to recuperate. Although at first the memorial met conflicting opinions, it further bolstered Jagger's professional reputation. He was awarded the 804:, an art historian and Director of the Imperial War Museum, described the work in 1991 as "undoubtedly" Jagger's masterpiece, noting the quality of the sculptural work which makes it "one of the outstanding examples of 20th-century British art" and "perhaps the only war memorial" to be recognised as intrinsically important in its own right. 851:
The unveiling was originally scheduled for 28 June 1925 but early in 1925 Jagger's most capable assistant resigned, leaving Jagger to complete the work alone. He advised the RAWCF that it could not be completed in time without sacrificing quality. The memorial was eventually unveiled four months late
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echoed Lord Curzon's comments, complaining in 1980 that it was a "squat toad of foolish stone". A renewed focus on Jagger's works, including the Royal Artillery memorial, in the 1980s led to a fresh reappraisal of the piece; the most recent critical work on the memorial has described it as a "work of
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to design the stone structure of the memorial, and through June and July 1921 the RAWCF and the authorities considered the proposal. Jagger's model was similar to the eventual memorial, but had only two gunners at either end of an oblong memorial; the howitzer on the top was smaller than the eventual
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Despite the realist nature of the bronze statues in the design, commentators have often also noted the dehumanising aspects of the memorial. Its sheer size and the bulk of the howitzer serve to distance the observer, which—according to art historian John Glaves-Smith—depersonalises the soldiers in a
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Jagger at that time was preoccupied with the Anglo-Belgian Memorial in Brussels and did not begin work on the Royal Artillery memorial until October, at which point he made several changes to the proposed design, which he submitted to the RAWCF early the following year. The revised memorial would be
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in Brussels, though the Royal Artillery memorial is arguably his leading work. Most of these works were in the design stage or under construction concurrently. Jagger was approached by the RAWCF both because of his reputation as a designer and because of his service as an infantry officer, although
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be a war memorial". Jagger explained that the artillery had "terrific power" and was the "last word in force", and that the howitzer he had chosen was the only suitable weapon to symbolise those capabilities. During the design process, the committee presented Jagger with many suggestions. He gladly
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The RAWCF first explored the option of joining some form of national commemoration which was under consideration in the aftermath of the First World War, initially wishing to spend only a small proportion of the fund on a physical monument. Plans were floated for a national memorial in the vicinity
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towards Buckingham Palace. A year-long debate occurred within the RAWCF as to what inscription should be placed on the memorial, adding to the delay. Jagger made another change in early 1924, adding an effigy of a dead soldier to the fourth side of the memorial, in keeping with the soldiers on the
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stated that it would not approve Lutyens' designs on the grounds that all would be too tall for their surroundings. After the RAWCF insisted that a howitzer be prominently incorporated into the designs, Lutyens withdrew. Baker disagreed with the concept of single service monuments, but submitted a
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reported how, two days after the official ceremony, a crowd had gathered in the rain just before dawn to conduct a small ceremony at the memorial; the newspaper felt that this said more about the quality of the memorial than the more negative writings of art critics. These voices eventually held
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noted that the frankness of the portrayal was a "terrible revelation long overdue", and hoped that veterans would be able to show the monument to their wives and children as a way of explaining the events of the war. Ex-servicemen were quoted by the newspaper as reminiscing about the war as they
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The Royal Artillery Memorial has been the subject of much critical discussion since its inception. Although the RAWCF was pleased with its memorial, some members disapproved of the design and of the dead soldier in particular. Some felt that it was too graphic, or that it would be distressing to
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and most monuments contemporary to the First World War. Memorials of the South African War typically included figures of soldiers, sometimes dying in conflict, but always heroically in a "beautiful death". Classical symbolism was often used to distance the event of death from the observer, as
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and a signaller and telephonist on the smaller relief. The memorial's main inscription on the west and east faces reads "In proud remembrance of the forty-nine thousand and seventy-six of all ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery who gave their lives for King and country in the Great War
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a third larger than before, cruciform in plan, and guarded by three bronze soldiers. Jagger rotated the howitzer by 90 degrees, bringing it into line with the main axis of the base, pointing towards the Wellington Arch. After much discussion—including advice from Lutyens and Sir
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The Royal Artillery Memorial is located in what Malcolm Miles has termed the "leafy traffic island" of Hyde Park Corner in central London. It is one of several war memorials which dominate the roundabout and its surrounds; it is directly opposite the
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approach to his figures, embracing detailed images of military power with none of the classical symbolism of other monuments, or even Jagger's own pre-war pieces. The art historian Reginald Wilenski likens the memorial to the work of
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A set of bronze tablets was added to the south of the memorial in 1949, lying on a flat plinth which replaced a set of steps. Designed by Darcy Braddell, the addition commemorates 29,924 Royal Artillerymen who were killed in the
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version, and pointed sideways, rather than lengthways along the pedestal. In reporting to the committee, Jagger said that he felt strongly that the design should unashamedly focus on the events of the war, noting that it "should
379:(designer of the regiment's Boer War memorial). Lutyens sent in three designs, each costed at less than ÂŁ15,000 (approximately equivalent to ÂŁ853,000 in 2023), but several committee members felt them to be too similar to 624:. These memorials frequently used abstract designs intended to remove the viewer from the real world, and focus them on an idealised sense of self-sacrifice. Soldiers in these memorials were still frequently depicted as 4185: 754:
was sharply critical of the close relationship between the sculptor and the client, which it viewed as the root cause, believing that Jagger had given the artillerymen far too much influence over artistic matters.
616:. Most First World War memorials reacted to the criticism of this approach by adopting cleaner architectural forms, but still retaining the ideal of a "beautiful death", an approach which can be seen at Lutyens' 339:. The RAWCF sought a design that would be "unmistakably recognisable" as an artillery monument, and were insistent that the eventual designer take detailed advice from a junior officer who had served in the war. 723:
highlighted the cost of the monument, and argued that the money could have been better spent on directly caring for injured veterans. Both the dead soldier and the howitzer drew particular comment; art critic
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Black, Jonathan. (2004b) "'Who Dies if England Live?' Masculinity, the Problematics and the Image of the Ordinary Soldier in British War Art, c.1915–1928", in Caunce, Mazierska, Sydney-Smith and Walton (eds)
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relatives and others who should have been consoled by the memorial, while a group of former artillerymen felt that any recumbent figure should be of a man just shot down so as to present a more heroic image.
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sculptures depicting wartime scenes. The realism of the memorial, with the depiction of the howitzer and the dead soldier, differed significantly from other First World War memorials, notably the influential
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proposal costed at over ÂŁ25,000 (approximately equivalent to ÂŁ1,421,000 in 2023), which was declined and he withdrew from the project. Webb declined to submit a proposal and also withdrew.
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In proud remembrance of the forty-nine thousand & seventy-six of all ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery who gave their lives for king and country in the Great War 1914–1919
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for the area praises the detail in Jagger's sculptures, especially the corpse, and notes that the memorial is "now recognised as a masterpiece of British 20th century sculpture".
5246: 415:. At the end of the war, Jagger became involved in the design of war memorials, which formed the basis of his artistic reputation. His first major memorial commission was the 2853: 5505: 5110: 542:
The Royal Artillery Memorial is 43 feet long, 21 feet wide and 30 feet high (13 metres by 6 metres by 9 metres); the pedestal and the one-third over-lifesize replica of a
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Glaves-Smith, John. (1985) "Realism and Propaganda in the Work of Charles Sargeant Jagger and their Relationship to Artistic Tradition", in Compton (ed) (1985a).
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wearing a heavy cape to the west; and to the north, a dead soldier on the north, his greatcoat thrown over him and his helmet resting on his chest. Carved stone
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put forward recommendations that far more care, time and funding be given to the construction of future war memorials, which were taken on board by the RAWCF.
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was quoted as describing the howitzer as "a toad squatting, which is about to spit fire out of its mouth...nothing more hideous could ever be conceived".
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Black, Jonathan. (2004a) "Thanks for the Memory: War Memorials, Spectatorship and the Trajectories of Commemoration 1919–2001", in Saunders (ed) (2004).
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Abousnnouga, Gill and Machin, David. (2008) "Defence Discourse I: the Visual Institutionalization of Discourses in War Monuments", in Mayr (ed) (2008).
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fought between 1899 and 1902, had been widely criticised as being unimaginative and members of the RAWCF were unimpressed by the Royal Artillery's
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praising it in 1928 as "a strikingly imaginative and most worthy representation". By the 1930s, it was one of the best-known monuments in Europe.
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Stephenson, Andrew P. "Palimpsestic Promenades: Memorial Environments and the Consumption of Space in Post-1918 London", in Codell (ed) (2008).
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1914—1919". Beneath the dead soldier is the inscription "Here was a royal fellowship of death", a quote from William Shakespeare's
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on 18 October 1925. Dedications were later added to the memorial in memory of the 29,924 Royal Artillerymen killed in the
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The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918, made up of a mixture of commissioned officers and
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examined the statue, and remarking on how the bronze figures had captured the reality of their time in the artillery.
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show various detailed military scenes from the First World War—two on each side, one larger than the other—and the
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both likened the howitzer to a children's toy, complaining that the gun did not lend itself to recreation in art.
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warriors, and classical ideals and symbols remained popular, as can be seen at the Machine Gun Corps Memorial by
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A surviving howitzer of the type represented on the Royal Artillery Memorial, this one in the collection of the
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in 1921, and led to other commissions across England and on foreign battlefields. Other examples include the
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Curl, James Stevens. (1985) "The Royal Artillery Memorial at Hyde Park Corner", in Compton (ed) (1985a).
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The memorial in 2016, following the 2011 cleaning and restoration work; the building behind is
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After the unveiling, a vigorous debate occurred in the British newspapers about the memorial.
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The memorial enjoyed a still higher profile in the 21st century. The architectural historian
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pronounced the Royal Artillery Memorial "the greatest sculpture of the twentieth century".
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sway, and the memorial came to be popularly termed "the special Cenotaph of the Gunners",
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criticised the conventional, secure structure that underpins the memorial. Editorials in
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The Outdoor Monuments of London: Statues, Memorial Buildings, Tablets and War Memorials
559: 478: 428: 404: 35: 868:' gold medal in 1926 and was admitted as an associate of the society later that year. 5026: 4904: 4502: 4457: 4344: 4258: 4237: 3524: 3488: 3217: 3094: 2335: 2186: 2171: 2153: 2136: 2119: 2104: 2087: 2070: 2055: 2037: 2017: 2002: 1984: 1967: 1950: 1933: 1916: 1893: 1878: 1860: 1838: 1823: 1808: 1747:"First World War Centenary Marked by Upgrading Listed Status of London War Memorials" 1667: 604: 574:
with the Artillery's cannon badge. The reliefs on the east side portray an action by
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Caunce, Steven, Ewa Mazierska, Susan Sydney-Smith and John K. Walton (eds) (2004)
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and to give insufficient prominence to artillery. Further problems arose when the
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conducted a major restoration of the memorial during 2011, completed in time for
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in the form of an equestrian statue. Other memorials in the vicinity include the
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Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance
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The Royal Artillery Monument attempted a very different effect. Jagger takes a
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The Glorious Dead: Figurative Sculpture of British First World War Memorials
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The west side of the memorial, showing the over-lifesize howitzer, with the
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The memorial forms a sharp contrast with both the earlier monuments of the
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Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) and Soursop (Annonaceae)
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or on the Mall. Another option mooted was a memorial cloister attached to
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complained about having any sort of artillery gun on the monument, while
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Compton, Ann. (1985b) "A Sculptural Biography," in Compton (ed) (1985a).
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Reconstructing the Body: Classicism, Modernism, and the First World War
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A Century of Remembrance: One Hundred Outstanding British War Memorials
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image of the howitzer, to the solid, muscular figures of the gunners.
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Matters of Conflict: Material Culture, Memory and the First World War
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and the crew of a howitzer; on the west side is an action involving
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about the "gloomy" figure on the front of the memorial staring down
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at the front (facing south, below the barrel of the howitzer); a
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was critical, comparing it unfavourably to the Cenotaph, while
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Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse
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Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association
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The Political Economy of Art: Making the Nation of Culture
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List of public art in Hyde Park, London § Hyde Park Corner
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Upton Park—with Geoff Hurst, Martin Peters and Ray Wilson
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base supporting a one-third over-lifesize sculpture of a
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Wellington Arch, Marble Arch and Six Great War Memorials
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Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
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Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
2168:Public Sculpture of Historic Westminster: Volume 1 1422: 1401: 519:while at the north end is another memorial to the 43:For casualties of the Royal Regiment of Artillery 5541:Grade I listed statues in the City of Westminster 3378: 1129: 1127: 5472: 3023:Simon Milton (Paddington, St James's, Southwark) 2100:Urban Avant-Gardes: Art, Architecture and Change 1980:Charles Sargeant Jagger: War and Peace Sculpture 1915:) New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press 945: 891:In 1970 the memorial was designated a Grade II* 5020:From this moment despair ends and tactics begin 1888:Bowdler, Roger H and Brindle, Steven P. (2015) 620:, the precursor to his more famous Cenotaph on 5551:Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster 1837:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1124: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 970: 968: 966: 964: 5501:Buildings and structures in Hyde Park, London 3620:61st Battery Royal Field Artillery (Woolwich) 2351: 2212: 811:compared its quality to the memorials of the 459:, showing gunners operating a trench howitzer 363:The RAWCF first examined a design by Captain 5491:Bronze sculptures in the City of Westminster 5101:Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm 1875:War Memorials: From Antiquity to the Present 1803:Abousnnouga, Gill and Machin, David. (2013) 1605: 1603: 791:The memorial's reputation diminished in the 699:The bronze statue of the fallen artilleryman 2226: 1932:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1063: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 998: 961: 391:The committee then approached the sculptor 5496:Buildings and structures completed in 1925 4851:Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain 2358: 2344: 2219: 2205: 1822:. Kirstead, Norfolk: Frontier Publishing. 1773:"The Listing and Grading of War Memorials" 1644: 1642: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1232: 1230: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1024: 1022: 510:The bronze statue of the artillery captain 34: 5486:British military memorials and cemeteries 2146:Skelton, Tim and Gliddon, Gerald. (2009) 1739: 1600: 589:, which was suggested by Jagger himself. 4089:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway 2170:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 1593: 1591: 1262: 1255: 1253: 1251: 995: 992:Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), pp.92–93. 986: 838: 757: 694: 665: 634: 591: 505: 450: 346: 16:War memorial on Hyde Park Corner, London 5536:Sculptures of men in the United Kingdom 4916:St Lawrence Jewry and St Mary Magdalene 1765: 1639: 1574: 1540: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1227: 1204: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1115: 1049: 1019: 910:Grade I listed war memorials in England 501: 5546:Stone sculptures in the United Kingdom 5511:Grade I listed monuments and memorials 5473: 3357:Statues in London on Wikimedia Commons 2378: 800:the highest quality and distinction". 5531:Sculptures by Charles Sargeant Jagger 5455:List of public art formerly in London 5131: 5011: 4211: 3377: 2826:Admiral Lord Nelson (Nelson's Column) 2377: 2339: 2200: 1779:from the original on 28 December 2020 1588: 1571:Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), p.151. 1510:Abousnnouga and Machin (2008), p.136. 1248: 917:, for other monuments in the vicinity 690: 550:, that sits on top of it are made of 3564: 3352: 1727:from the original on 15 January 2020 1680:from the original on 15 January 2020 1387: 1350:"Royal Artillery Memorial (1231613)" 1325: 1154: 1133:Abousnnouga and Machin (2013), p.92. 670:Shell carrier sculpture on East side 4866:Edward VII Jewish Memorial Fountain 3504:Victims of the Atlantic slave trade 2254:Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial 2001:. London: The Homeland Association 770:Other opinions were more positive. 417:Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial 395:in early 1921. Jagger trained as a 13: 4735:Large Standing Figure (Knife Edge) 2367:Public art and memorials in London 2248:Great Western Railway War Memorial 2129:Saunders, Nicholas J. (ed) (2004) 1949:. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1749:. Historic England. 16 July 2014. 1355:National Heritage List for England 866:Royal British Society of Sculptors 825:National Heritage List for England 813:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 425:Great Western Railway War Memorial 14: 5577: 5106:London Mural Preservation Society 3679:Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red 3256:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst 2183:Osprey Men-at-Arms: A Celebration 1151:Black (2004a), p.141; Curl, p.84. 823:, in the memorial's entry on the 659:that pervades the work, from the 599:Audio description of the memorial 5516:World War II memorials in London 5422:Partly in Kensington and Chelsea 4546:Tortoises with Triangle and Time 4084:London and North Western Railway 3594:New Zealand Campaign (1863–1864) 3351: 2568:Memorial to the Great Exhibition 2260:Anglo-Belgian Memorial, Brussels 1859:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books 1753:from the original on 1 July 2017 1648:Bradley and Pevsner, pp.658–659. 834: 342: 198:in London, England. Designed by 5556:World War I memorials in London 5132: 4592:Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square 4212: 3702:Flanders Fields Memorial Garden 2278:Cambrai Memorial to the Missing 1997:Cooper, Charles Samuel. (1928) 1983:. London: Imperial War Museum. 1807:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 1794: 1713: 1704: 1660: 1651: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1565: 1556: 1531: 1522: 1513: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1447: 1438: 1413: 1378: 1369: 1316: 1307: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1239: 1218: 1195: 1186: 1177: 1168: 1145: 1136: 1106: 1097: 1088: 1079: 1040: 5566:1925 establishments in England 4003:St Saviour, Southwark (parish) 2067:London's Statues and Monuments 1833:Bailey, Jonathan B. A. (2004) 1031: 977: 936: 927: 862:Chaplain-General to the Forces 815:, and in 2004, the art critic 455:Part of the memorial's carved 1: 3998:St Michael, Cornhill (parish) 3379:Other monuments and memorials 2673:Heminges and Condell Memorial 2580:George VI and Queen Elizabeth 2415:Queen Eleanor (Charing Cross) 2185:. Botley: Osprey Publishing. 2166:Ward-Jackson, Philip. (2011) 2016:. Oxford: Shire Publications 1960:Codell, Julie F. (ed) (2008) 1835:Field Artillery and Firepower 1805:The Language of War Monuments 1723:. BBC News. 7 November 2011. 921: 463:Jagger engaged the architect 263: 244:The memorial was unveiled by 202:, with architectural work by 5521:Outdoor sculptures in London 5432:Partly in the City of London 4981:National Covid Memorial Wall 4931:Lady Henry Somerset Memorial 4899:Readymoney Drinking Fountain 4728:Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65 4574:The World Turned Upside Down 4560:Union (Horse with Two Discs) 3578:Guards Brigade (Crimean War) 3484:Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown 562:carrier on the east side; a 7: 4749:Three Standing Figures 1947 4721:Draped Seated Woman 1957–58 4049:British Medical Association 3722:Ships named on the memorial 2118:. Hereford: Authors Online 1977:Compton, Ann. (ed) (1985a) 1076:Skelton and Gliddon, p.150. 898: 829:Pevsner Architectural Guide 780:The Illustrated London News 614:Worcester Boer War Memorial 546:, modelled on a gun in the 537:Commonwealth Memorial Gates 217:The memorial consists of a 10: 5582: 4861:Diana Fountain, Green Park 4856:Diana Fountain, Bushy Park 4688:Two Forms (Divided Circle) 4245:Bellerophon Taming Pegasus 4100:South Suburban Gas Company 3630:Royal Artillery (The Mall) 3540:National Windrush Monument 2152:. London: Frances Lincoln 2080:Mayr, Andrea. (ed) (2008) 1943:Carden-Coyne, Ana. (2009) 1701:Bowdler and Brindle, p.32. 1259:Bowdler and Brindle, p.33. 1245:Bowdler and Brindle, p.31. 525:Machine Gun Corps Memorial 483:Royal Fine Arts Commission 5461: ‡ Changing displays 5448: 5310: 5142: 5138: 5127: 5081: 5065: 4944: 4838: 4784: 4758: 4705: 4664: 4632: 4616:Nelson's Ship in a Bottle 4590: 4444:Nelson's Ship in a Bottle 4222: 4218: 4207: 4171: 4141: 4108: 4031: 3850: 3757: 3643: 3612: 3562: 3555: 3384: 3373: 3339: 3311: 3279: 3231: 3173: 3137: 3040: 2980: 2914: 2907: 2900: 2874: 2768: 2730: 2709: 2594: 2388: 2384: 2373: 2299: 2234: 2149:Lutyens and the Great War 1519:Carden-Coyne, pp.157–158. 1085:Compton (1985b), pp.9–11. 983:Carden-Coyne, pp.159–160. 639:The bronze statue of the 337:Buckingham Palace gardens 290:First World War memorials 180: 176: 166: 158: 150: 140: 136: 129: 115: 64: 53:18 October 1925 49: 42: 33: 28: 23: 4767:The Artist as Hephaestus 4641:Blind Beggar and his Dog 4294:Crystal Palace Dinosaurs 3658:Africa and the Caribbean 3452:Golden Boy of Pye Corner 2266:Royal Artillery Memorial 2181:Windrow, Martin. (2008) 2069:. Oxford: Shire Library 2065:Matthews, Peter. (2012) 2054:Oxford: Berg Publishers 2033:The Missing of the Somme 2014:War Memorials in Britain 1913:The Buildings of England 1676:. Imperial War Museums. 1618:Glaves-Smith, pp.52, 78. 192:First World War memorial 188:Royal Artillery Memorial 154:Royal Artillery Memorial 24:Royal Artillery Memorial 3424:Conscientious objectors 3188:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 3028:Marquess of Westminster 2962:William Ewart Gladstone 2242:Portsmouth War Memorial 2228:Charles Sargeant Jagger 2135:. Abingdon: Routledge. 2103:. Abingdon: Routledge. 2097:Miles, Malcolm. (2004) 1855:Boorman, Derek. (2005) 1537:Glaves-Smith, pp.75–76. 773:The Manchester Guardian 535:war memorials, and the 433:Portsmouth War Memorial 393:Charles Sargeant Jagger 353:Australian War Memorial 200:Charles Sargeant Jagger 120:Charles Sargeant Jagger 5242:Kensington and Chelsea 5207:Hammersmith and Fulham 5089:Art on the Underground 5003:Sutton Heritage Mosaic 4986:Poplar Rates Rebellion 4871:Henry Fawcett Memorial 4681:Single Form (Memorial) 4490:Putney Sculpture Trail 4306:Dolphin lamp standards 4274:The Burghers of Calais 4186:Kensington and Chelsea 4116:Victoria Tower Gardens 3918:Friern Barnet (parish) 2114:Quinlan, Mark. (2005) 1929:Relocating Britishness 1818:Archer, Geoff. (2009) 1710:Compton (1985b), p.28. 1673:War Memorials Register 1142:Compton (1985b), p.16. 1094:Compton (1985b), p.15. 858:Reverend Alfred Jarvis 852:on 18 October 1925 by 848: 767: 700: 671: 643: 600: 511: 460: 437:Anglo-Belgian Memorial 360: 276:, particularly on the 45:in the First World War 5035:One Nation Under CCTV 4514:Sculpture in the City 4311:Dragon boundary marks 4074:Great Western Railway 4069:Great Eastern Railway 3749:Women of World War II 3464:Heroic self-sacrifice 3448:Great Fire of London 3198:James Henry Greathead 2791:Charles George Gordon 2422:St Thomas' Hospital: 2290:Shrine of Remembrance 2116:British War Memorials 2086:. London: Continuum. 1909:London 6: Westminster 1877:. London: Leo Cooper 1609:Black (2004a), p.142. 1528:Compton (1982b), p.8. 1313:Matthews, pp.127–131. 1016:Black (2004a), p.141. 842: 761: 698: 669: 638: 598: 509: 454: 399:before attending the 350: 5152:Barking and Dagenham 4921:Shaftesbury Memorial 4877:The Horses of Helios 4359:The Hampstead Figure 4159:Iraq and Afghanistan 4149:Victims of Communism 3837:Royal Naval Division 3800:Imperial Camel Corps 3780:Civil Service Rifles 3529:Windrush generation 3489:Star and Garter Home 3479:Queen Elizabeth Gate 2887:Florence Nightingale 2821:Charles James Napier 2669:William Shakespeare 2272:Port Tewfik Memorial 2030:Dyer, Geoff. (2009) 1775:. Historic England. 1597:Ward-Jackson, p.100. 1483:Carden-Coyne, p.157. 1465:Carden-Coyne, p.156. 1453:Carden-Coyne, p.158. 1286:Black (2004b), p.161 1192:Archer, pp. 188–189. 786:Lord Edward Gleichen 630:Francis Derwent Wood 618:Southampton Cenotaph 544:BL 9.2-inch howitzer 502:Design and symbolism 440:the American artist 411:, being awarded the 401:Royal College of Art 309:memorial to that war 5405:Victoria Embankment 5312:City of Westminster 4423:Monolith and Shadow 4252:The Bermondsey Lion 4191:City of Westminster 3842:Royal Tank Regiment 3547:Mary Wollstonecraft 3520:Wellington Monument 3409:Lady Burdett-Coutts 2861:George Stuart White 2845:Duke of Wellington 2559:Prince Albert 2050:King, Alex. (1998) 2012:Corke, Jim. (2005) 1903:Bradley, Simon and 1501:Glaves-Smith, p.21. 1474:Glaves-Smith, p.78. 1444:Carden-Coyne, p.155 1435:Glaves-Smith, p.72. 1410:Glaves-Smith, p.61. 1398:Ward-Jackson, p.97. 1165:Ward-Jackson, p.99. 1037:Ward-Jackson, p.98. 675:similar way to the 548:Imperial War Museum 496:Eugene Paul Bennett 230:Imperial War Museum 82: /  5345:Kensington Gardens 4825:A Slice of Reality 4714:The Arch 1979–1980 4553:Traffic Light Tree 4496:The Queen's Beasts 4366:Homage to Leonardo 3909:(3 memorials) 3820:RAF Bomber Command 3625:Barnet Boys School 3604:Westminster School 3510:Virginia colonists 3419:Cleopatra's Needle 3251:Margaret MacDonald 3105:JosĂ© de San MartĂ­n 3008:Henry Bartle Frere 2998:Duke of Devonshire 2957:David Lloyd George 2931:Winston Churchill 2379:Portrait sculpture 2036:. London: Phoenix 1562:King, pp.139, 232. 1183:King, pp.107, 159. 958:Stephenson, p.144. 849: 768: 701: 691:Critical reception 672: 644: 601: 521:Duke of Wellington 512: 479:Reginald Blomfield 461: 429:Paddington station 361: 335:or on the edge of 256:and is managed by 167:Reference no. 86:51.5025°N 0.1519°W 5466: 5465: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5061: 5060: 5027:Girl with Balloon 4998:Sutton twin towns 4905:Revolving Torsion 4834: 4833: 4503:The Rush of Green 4458:Paternoster Vents 4404:The Meeting Place 4345:The Gold Smelters 4238:The Barbican Muse 4203: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4167: 4166: 4137: 4136: 3805:Machine Gun Corps 3668:Battle of Britain 3525:Whittington Stone 3494:Stratford Martyrs 3429:COVID-19 pandemic 3369: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3246:Millicent Fawcett 3234:and humanitarians 3223:Robert Stephenson 3183:Joseph Bazalgette 3150:John Henry Newman 3133: 3132: 3125:George Washington 3068:Charles de Gaulle 3036: 3035: 3003:Charles James Fox 2981:Other politicians 2952:Benjamin Disraeli 2935:Parliament Square 2781:Lord Baden-Powell 2553:Victoria Memorial 2548:Kensington Palace 2540:Duke of Cambridge 2477:Kensington Palace 2333: 2332: 1905:Pevsner, Nikolaus 1668:"Royal Artillery" 1046:Stephenson, p.144 933:Bailey, p.xvviii. 795:. The art critic 766:in the background 679:war paintings of 605:South African War 596: 491:Constitution Hill 481:representing the 329:Westminster Abbey 325:Buckingham Palace 305:South African War 184: 183: 5573: 5433: 5428: 5427:Partly in Camden 5423: 5395:Trafalgar Square 5140: 5139: 5129: 5128: 5009: 5008: 4958:Children at Play 4888:Matilda Fountain 4759:Eduardo Paolozzi 4665:Barbara Hepworth 4588: 4587: 4581:The Young Lovers 4430:The Naked Ladies 4220: 4219: 4209: 4208: 4053:Dulwich College 3755: 3754: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3414:Lord Cheylesmore 3375: 3374: 3355: 3354: 3271:Raoul Wallenberg 3261:Sylvia Pankhurst 3232:Social reformers 2912: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2854:Hyde Park Corner 2816:Lord Mountbatten 2678:Leicester Square 2627:Geoffrey Chaucer 2518:Trafalgar Square 2405:Alfred the Great 2386: 2385: 2375: 2374: 2360: 2353: 2346: 2337: 2336: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2198: 2197: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1646: 1637: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1598: 1595: 1586: 1583: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1538: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1454: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1399: 1396: 1385: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1346:Historic England 1342: 1323: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1257: 1246: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1225: 1222: 1216: 1213: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1122: 1119: 1113: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1061: 1058: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1017: 1014: 993: 990: 984: 981: 975: 972: 959: 956: 943: 940: 934: 931: 882:English Heritage 874:Second World War 845:The Lanesborough 821:Historic England 797:Geoffrey Grigson 706:Charles ffoulkes 685:Richard Nevinson 612:'s work for the 597: 446:Sir John Du Cane 333:Hyde Park Corner 258:English Heritage 250:Second World War 196:Hyde Park Corner 116:Designed by 101:Hyde Park Corner 97: 96: 94: 93: 92: 91:51.5025; -0.1519 87: 83: 80: 79: 78: 75: 60: 58: 38: 21: 20: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5526:Royal Artillery 5481:1925 sculptures 5471: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5306: 5134: 5115: 5094:Tube map covers 5077: 5073:Northala Fields 5057: 5007: 4940: 4893:Poets' Fountain 4846:Buxton Memorial 4830: 4780: 4754: 4701: 4660: 4648:Horse and Rider 4633:Elisabeth Frink 4628: 4623:One & Other 4586: 4533:South Bank Lion 4509:St Paul's Cross 4477:Platforms Piece 4470:Physical Energy 4417:Millennium Dial 4324:Enwrought Light 4214: 4195: 4163: 4133: 4129:Kindertransport 4104: 4094:Pearl Assurance 4044:Bank of England 4039:Baltic Exchange 4027: 3887:Chipping Barnet 3846: 3832:Royal Fusiliers 3827:Royal Artillery 3815:Royal Air Force 3785:Eagle Squadrons 3753: 3639: 3608: 3551: 3515:Wellington Arch 3434:Michael Faraday 3394:Queen Alexandra 3389:7 July bombings 3380: 3361: 3347:Talking Statues 3335: 3331:Sherlock Holmes 3321:Paddington Bear 3313: 3307: 3275: 3241:Thomas Barnardo 3233: 3227: 3175: 3169: 3129: 3100:Peter the Great 3085:Abraham Lincoln 3079:John F. Kennedy 3052:Mahatma Gandhi 3032: 2976: 2967:Lord Palmerston 2915:Prime ministers 2896: 2870: 2811:Lord Montgomery 2776:Lord Alanbrooke 2764: 2754:Robert Milligan 2726: 2705: 2691:Arthur Sullivan 2665:Joshua Reynolds 2648:Michael Jackson 2633:Agatha Christie 2622:Charlie Chaplin 2590: 2563:Albert Memorial 2442:Oliver Cromwell 2391: 2390:British/English 2380: 2369: 2364: 2334: 2329: 2307:Édouard LantĂ©ri 2295: 2230: 2225: 1797: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1756: 1754: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1730: 1728: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1584: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1402: 1397: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375:Curl, pp.86–89. 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1343: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1277:Curl, pp.94–95. 1276: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1205: 1201:Curl, pp.84–85. 1200: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1125: 1121:Boorman, p.154. 1120: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1064: 1059: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1028:Curl, pp.81–83. 1027: 1020: 1015: 996: 991: 987: 982: 978: 973: 962: 957: 946: 941: 937: 932: 928: 924: 901: 893:listed building 837: 793:post-war period 764:Wellington Arch 693: 592: 580:horse artillery 576:heavy artillery 517:Wellington Arch 504: 385:Office of Works 345: 270:First World War 266: 254:listed building 212:First World War 208:Royal Artillery 162:14 January 1970 146: 143:Listed Building 132: 111: 98: 90: 88: 84: 81: 76: 73: 71: 69: 68: 56: 54: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5579: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5561:1925 in London 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5464: 5463: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5297:Waltham Forest 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5147:City of London 5143: 5136: 5135: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5013: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4885: 4883:Guilford Place 4880: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4795:ArcelorMittal 4791: 4789: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4771: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4692: 4684: 4677: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4595: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4447: 4440: 4437:The Neighbours 4433: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4224: 4216: 4215: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4177: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3795:Guards Brigade 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3714: 3712:Memorial Gates 3709: 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3599:Siege of Cádiz 3596: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3575: 3573:Animals in War 3569: 3567: 3557: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3349: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3290: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3090:Nelson Mandela 3087: 3082: 3076: 3073:Haile Selassie 3070: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3018:Wilfrid Lawson 3015: 3013:Sidney Herbert 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2988:Robert Clayton 2984: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2929: 2927:George Canning 2924: 2922:Clement Attlee 2918: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2806:Lord Kitchener 2803: 2801:Henry Havelock 2798: 2793: 2788: 2786:Ferdinand Foch 2783: 2778: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2760:Hugh Myddelton 2757: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2675: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2619: 2617:Thomas Carlyle 2614: 2609: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2588: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2453: 2445: 2440:(Interregnum: 2438: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2382: 2381: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2362: 2355: 2348: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2224: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2179: 2164: 2161: 2144: 2127: 2112: 2095: 2078: 2063: 2048: 2045: 2028: 2025: 2010: 1995: 1992: 1975: 1958: 1941: 1924: 1901: 1886: 1868: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1831: 1816: 1801: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1764: 1738: 1712: 1703: 1691: 1659: 1650: 1638: 1636:Quinlan, p.46. 1629: 1620: 1611: 1599: 1587: 1573: 1564: 1555: 1539: 1530: 1521: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1476: 1467: 1455: 1446: 1437: 1421: 1412: 1400: 1386: 1377: 1368: 1324: 1322:Quinlan, p.61. 1315: 1306: 1297: 1295:Windrow, p.11. 1288: 1279: 1270: 1261: 1247: 1238: 1226: 1217: 1203: 1194: 1185: 1176: 1167: 1153: 1144: 1135: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1096: 1087: 1078: 1062: 1048: 1039: 1030: 1018: 994: 985: 976: 960: 944: 942:Bailey, p.239. 935: 925: 923: 920: 919: 918: 912: 907: 900: 897: 836: 833: 720:The Daily Mail 692: 689: 653:Frank Brangwyn 610:William Colton 552:Portland stone 503: 500: 470:in every sense 465:Lionel Pearson 413:Military Cross 397:metal engraver 359:, seen in 2016 344: 341: 317:Edward Poynter 282:trench warfare 265: 262: 219:Portland stone 210:killed in the 204:Lionel Pearson 182: 181: 178: 177: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 141: 138: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 126: 124:Lionel Pearson 117: 113: 112: 99: 66: 62: 61: 51: 47: 46: 40: 39: 31: 30: 29:United Kingdom 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5578: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5469: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5380:St Marylebone 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350:Knightsbridge 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5325:Covent Garden 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5292:Tower Hamlets 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5126: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Old Kent Road 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4936:Victoria Park 4934: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4811:Quantum Cloud 4808: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4742:Locking Piece 4739: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4696:Winged Figure 4693: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412: 4411:The Messenger 4408: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4386:Liberty Clock 4384: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4206: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079:Lincoln's Inn 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3963:Monken Hadley 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:Golders Green 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3858:London Troops 3856: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3810:Rifle Brigade 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3790:Fleet Air Arm 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3765:24th Division 3763: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3717:Merchant Navy 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3696:La DĂ©livrance 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3685:Burma Railway 3683: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3635:Royal Marines 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3561: 3558: 3556:War memorials 3554: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3404:Bali bombings 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3358: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3266:Robert Raikes 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3213:Joseph Lister 3211: 3209: 3208:Edward Jenner 3206: 3204: 3203:Nigel Gresley 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193:Sigmund Freud 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3172: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3145:Thomas Becket 3143: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3048:SimĂłn BolĂ­var 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041:International 3039: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2866:Lord Wolseley 2864: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2841:Viscount Slim 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2701:Amy Winehouse 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2660:George Orwell 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2602:John Betjeman 2600: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2461:Stocks Market 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2326: 2325:New Sculpture 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2284:Jaipur Column 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2192: 2191:9781846034374 2188: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2176:9781846316913 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2158:9780711228788 2155: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2141:9780415280532 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2124:9780755201860 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2109:9780415266871 2106: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2092:9780826487438 2089: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2075:9780747807988 2072: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2060:9781859739884 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2042:9780753827543 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022:9780747806264 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1989:9780901627315 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1973: 1972:9780838641682 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1956: 1955:9780199546466 1952: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1938:9780719070266 1935: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1921:9780300095951 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898:9781910907054 1895: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1883:9780850523638 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865:9781844153169 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1843:9781591140290 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1828:9781872914381 1825: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1813:9781623563332 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1643: 1633: 1624: 1615: 1606: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1568: 1559: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1534: 1525: 1516: 1507: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1450: 1441: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1416: 1407: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1381: 1372: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1319: 1310: 1304:Miles, p.103. 1301: 1292: 1283: 1274: 1265: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1242: 1233: 1231: 1221: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1198: 1189: 1180: 1171: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1148: 1139: 1130: 1128: 1118: 1109: 1100: 1091: 1082: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1043: 1034: 1025: 1023: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 989: 980: 974:Miles, p.102. 971: 969: 967: 965: 955: 953: 951: 949: 939: 930: 926: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 896: 894: 889: 887: 886:Armistice Day 883: 879: 875: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 854:Prince Arthur 846: 841: 835:Later history 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 798: 794: 789: 787: 782: 781: 775: 774: 765: 760: 756: 753: 749: 748: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 721: 716: 715: 709: 707: 697: 688: 686: 682: 681:Wyndham Lewis 678: 668: 664: 662: 658: 654: 649: 642: 637: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 590: 588: 587: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 508: 499: 497: 492: 488: 484: 480: 474: 471: 466: 458: 453: 449: 447: 443: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:Royal Academy 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 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Retrieved 1767: 1755:. Retrieved 1741: 1729:. Retrieved 1715: 1706: 1682:. Retrieved 1671: 1662: 1653: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1567: 1558: 1533: 1524: 1515: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1479: 1470: 1449: 1440: 1419:Cooper, p.8. 1415: 1380: 1371: 1359:. Retrieved 1353: 1318: 1309: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1273: 1268:King, p.135. 1264: 1241: 1224:King, p.118. 1220: 1197: 1188: 1179: 1170: 1147: 1138: 1117: 1108: 1103:King, p.124. 1099: 1090: 1081: 1042: 1033: 988: 979: 938: 929: 890: 878:Elizabeth II 870: 850: 817:Brian Sewell 806: 790: 778: 771: 769: 751: 745: 741: 726:Selwyn Image 718: 712: 710: 702: 673: 645: 608:typified in 602: 584: 541: 513: 475: 469: 462: 442:John Sargent 409:Neuve-Église 390: 381:the Cenotaph 365:Adrian Jones 362: 321: 298: 267: 243: 216: 187: 185: 18: 5410:Westminster 5133:By location 4706:Henry Moore 4655:Paternoster 4539:Still Water 4331:Father Time 4288:Cornerstone 4213:Other works 3902:East Barnet 3892:Cockfosters 3729:New Zealand 3589:Marble Arch 3469:Journalists 3444:W. G. Grace 3176:engineering 3174:Science and 3061:Westminster 2972:Robert Peel 2696:Oscar Wilde 2654:John Milton 2497:Westminster 2447:Charles II 1657:Curl, p.96. 1627:Borg, p.81. 1585:Curl, p.81. 1553:Curl, p.98. 1492:Dyer, p.62. 1384:Corke, p.1. 1236:Curl, p.94. 1215:Curl, p.85. 1174:Curl, p.89. 1112:Borg, p.80. 1060:Curl, p.83. 809:Gavin Stamp 752:The Builder 747:The Builder 730:Lord Curzon 657:masculinity 533:New Zealand 431:in London, 301:other ranks 194:located on 89: / 5475:Categories 5375:St James's 5365:Paddington 5340:Kensington 5330:Green Park 5302:Wandsworth 5227:Hillingdon 4911:Roehampton 4527:Slipstream 4484:Pope's Urn 4223:Sculptures 4154:Korean War 4023:Wood Green 4018:Twickenham 4008:Silvertown 3978:Paddington 3973:New Malden 3968:New Barnet 3758:Regimental 3744:Submarines 3644:WWI · WWII 3314:characters 3287:Harry Kane 3163:Shoreditch 3056:Bloomsbury 2947:Lord Derby 2744:Thomas Guy 2717:James Cook 2638:John Donne 2607:Marc Bolan 2530:William IV 2508:George IV 2504:George III 2482:St James's 2419:Edward VI 2235:Sculptures 1871:Borg, Alan 1783:28 October 1757:28 October 1731:28 October 1684:28 October 1361:27 October 922:References 734:Modernists 572:Royal Arms 529:Australian 435:, and the 377:Aston Webb 375:, and Sir 264:Background 159:Designated 74:51°30′09″N 57:1925-10-18 5415:Whitehall 5335:Hyde Park 5320:Belgravia 5282:Southwark 5272:Redbridge 5237:Islington 5197:Greenwich 4839:Fountains 4609:Hahn/Cock 4380:Labyrinth 4317:Elfin Oak 4300:The Diver 4142:Post-WWII 4124:Hyde Park 4118:(planned) 4109:Holocaust 4032:Corporate 4013:Streatham 3953:Islington 3933:Hampstead 3882:Chingford 3663:Australia 3613:Boer Wars 3506:(planned) 3326:Peter Pan 3312:Fictional 3289:(planned) 3158:St Paul's 3120:Volodymyr 3110:Jan Smuts 3095:Karl Marx 2796:Earl Haig 2738:John Cass 2731:Merchants 2710:Explorers 2683:Park Lane 2587:(planned) 2544:Victoria 2492:St Paul's 2436:Charles I 2410:Richard I 2321:(brother) 1907:. 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Index


51°30′09″N 0°09′07″W / 51.5025°N 0.1519°W / 51.5025; -0.1519
Hyde Park Corner
London
SW1
Charles Sargeant Jagger
Lionel Pearson
Listed Building
1231613
First World War memorial
Hyde Park Corner
Charles Sargeant Jagger
Lionel Pearson
Royal Artillery
First World War
Portland stone
cruciform
howitzer
Imperial War Museum
relief
Cenotaph
Prince Arthur
Second World War
listed building
English Heritage
First World War
artillery
Western Front
trench warfare
gunners

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