272:
1305:
121:
1601:
566:
2032:
1066:
330:
965:
1326:
454:
1886:
1847:
1737:
1241:
1004:
ground level of the eastern part of the
Arsenal site, as far as the canal, using material dredged from the river bed (a huge undertaking, which took nine years to complete). Also in 1811, a further 20 acres of marshland to the east was purchased, with a view to re-siting the gunnery range (so as to make room for the new sawmills); a 1,250-yard range was then built. In 1838, however, it was accepted that (due to improved ballistics) a much longer range was required; this would require multiple land purchases (at great expense), but was eventually achieved in 1855 when a 3,000-yard range was opened. At the same time, new proof butts were constructed alongside the range.
1425:
750:
1602:
1362:
778:
1490:
2068:
622:
1281:
805:
2148:
577:. These troops (who were not under the command of the Army but of the Board of Ordnance) provided a versatile workforce on site, as well as helping ensure its security. In 1719 they were provided with their own barracks within the compound, close to Dial Arch: a single block was built, housing 200 men in open barracks accommodation across four floors, with a pair of officers' houses incorporated at each end. (This block has since been demolished, but an identical block (now known as Building 11), survives; it was built alongside the first in 1739–1740, the Regiment having been enlarged).
639:
498:
1937:
1095:
1050:
937:
871:
419:
43:
362:
1277:); the Royal Carriage Department continued to build gun carriages, with metal fast replacing wood for this purpose; and the Royal Gun Factory expanded still further, with a new rolling mill and associated boiler house and forge being erected in the early 1870s, and a huge boring-mill ten years later. Tentative moves toward the manufacture of steel guns were made at this time, though these were mainly sourced from outside contractors; it was not till the turn of the century that iron gun manufacture finally ceased in the Arsenal.
1152:
765:; so the Storekeeper (who still had seniority within the Arsenal) was given a sizeable new house on what was then the south-east edge of the site (later overtaken by expansion, it came to be named after the nearby Middle Gate, the second of three main gates in the Arsenal's perimeter wall). The Cadet Barracks continued to be occupied by the Academy for some time afterwards, initially housing the 'Lower Establishment' (junior cadets), and later accommodating the Practical Class, formed of senior cadets awaiting
2115:
840:
1465:
976:" began to be developed to the north of the original Laboratory complex, with an open-sided quadrangle built around an eighteenth-century Naval storehouse; initially used for storage, it came to be used for manufacturing from the 1850s. (It replaced the 'East Laboratory', a quadrangle of buildings which had been demolished to make way for the Grand Store.) Earlier, in 1804, subsidiary Royal Laboratories were set up in the Dockyard towns of
1215:
1062:
east of the main building. (This area had previously been used for the storage and seasoning of the timber used for building the gun carriages.) The building of a new Shot and Shell
Foundry, an addition to the Royal Laboratory completed in 1856, enabled manufacture of the latest types of ammunition; this huge complex covered the whole of what is now Wellington Park, and later expanded further to the east.
738:; a small detachment of Engineer officers was retained in Woolwich, however, alongside the house in Mill Lane, where an office building and a works yard were built. The Royal Engineers (after a brief hiatus) retained responsibility for design and construction of the Arsenal's buildings and other structures, latterly as part of the Building Works Department, which remained active until the 1950s.
1843:. Its area of operation was henceforward restricted to the western part of the Arsenal site, with everything to the east being earmarked for eventual disposal. In this guise, the factory continued to operate (with upgraded facilities) for a further ten years. The Proof and Experimental Establishment closed in 1957, though RARDE continued to make use of the proof butts until September 1969.
1612:
yellow (Inspection dept) and light brown (Chief
Superintendent of Ordnance Factories: central offices and stores). Parts of the central area are outlined in red (for the Royal Filling Factory), grey (Proof & Experimental Establishment) or brown (Research Establishment). To the east, isolated magazines and other 'danger buildings' are scattered across Plumstead and Erith Marshes.
2175:, as Architect of the Ordnance, was responsible for several buildings on the site, including the Main Guardhouse (1787), the Grand Store (1805) and Middlegate House (1807). More often than not, though, it was the on-site Engineers and Clerks of the Works who were responsible for the design of buildings and other structures within the working Arsenal.
1591:, to report on the future organisation and role of the Royal Arsenal. One recommendation was for the establishment of an integrated Armament Design Office (up until then each factory had maintained its own, largely independent, drawing office). In 1921 a new Design Department duly came into being; based in the Central Offices building, it was a
961:-yard. (The main range of buildings was flanked by smaller quadrangles to the east and west, only fragments of which survive.) The Grand Store was not uniquely, or even primarily, designed as an artillery store, but rather as warehousing for all kinds of military equipment: an early example of a planned integrated military stores complex.
1313:
ammunition, guns and carriages had to function together, this lack of co-ordination and communication between the departments that manufactured them inevitably caused problems, at a time when the
Arsenal was in any case facing criticism for high levels of wasteful expenditure. An 1886 committee of enquiry, under the chairmanship of the
390:; it consisted of a quadrangle with a gateway at the north end, buildings along either side and a clock tower at the south end, beyond which further buildings were ranged. The manufacturing process was conducted by hand, overseen by a Chief Firemaster; early paintings show artisans at work in the courtyards among pyramid stacks of
1194:) took some responsibility for overseeing ongoing research and development; it and its successors were given Verbruggen's House to serve as offices and a board room from 1859. The same period also saw a shift in guard duties and policing on the site – from 1843 these were shared between the Royal Artillery and a detachment from
1929:(which had served as the main entrance to the Arsenal since 1829) became separated from the site by the A206. Its mid-1980s replacement, north of the rerouted A206, stands not far from where the original (1720s) main gateway once stood; it is graced by a pair of 18th-century gatepiers and urns saved from The Paragon on the
1077:
in 1855, and its workshops expanded into the Great Pile (Dial Arch) quadrangles. For the first time it diversified into manufacture of iron cannons (which had previously always been commissioned from private contractors); for this it developed a new and much larger foundry complex (on the far side of
785:
By 1777 the site had expanded to 104 acres (42 ha). The purchase that year of additional land to the east allowed the proof butts to be relocated, realigned and extended in 1779. This in turn freed up additional land on the old Warren site which would be used for a series of substantial building
111:
the
Arsenal covered 1,285 acres (520 ha) and employed close to 80,000 people. Thereafter its operations were scaled down. It finally closed as a factory in 1967 and the Ministry of Defence moved out in 1994. Today the area, so long a secret enclave, is open to the public and is being redeveloped
1337:
In 1887 the Proof Butts were relocated once again (for the last time) further to the east. Four bays were built, to which a further four were added in 1895. Each bay consisted of a concrete box (25 ft wide by 20 ft high and 70 ft deep, two-thirds filled with sand) open towards the gun
1321:
as
Director-General of Ordnance Factories (the post was retitled Chief Superintendent of Ordnance Factories, following Anderson's death, in 1899). A key recommendation was for clear managerial separation between the manufacturing departments and those responsible for inspection and approval of their
1185:
there was widespread criticism of several aspects of
Britain's military command. The Board of Ordnance, much criticised for inefficiency, was disbanded in 1855, and the War Office then took over responsibility for the Arsenal and all its activities. A Military Stores Department was established, with
629:
In 1720, the Board sought to establish an on-site military academy for the education of its
Artillery and Engineer officers. Tower Place had by this time largely been demolished, and a new building was erected in its place to provide a base for the new academy alongside a Board Room for the Ordnance
1525:
Store
Departments. Other divisions included the Research and Development Department and various Inspection departments set up in the wake of the Morley Report (including that of the Chief Chemical Inspector, Woolwich, successor to the War Department Chemist). The expansion was such that in 1915 the
1476:
Scientific research played an increasing role across the
Arsenal from the early years of the 20th century: in 1902 an Experimental Establishment was set up to carry out research and investigations into explosives; (co-located with the Proof Butts, the two operations later combined to form the Proof
1003:
Proof work continued at this time. In 1803 a burst gun caused damage to nearby buildings, which prompted construction of a new set of proof butts further to the east; these opened (on what would later be the site of the Arsenal's gasworks) in 1808. Starting in 1811, a project was begun to raise the
944:
Between 1805 and 1813 the massive Grand Stores complex was constructed alongside new wharves by the river; though celebrated as a landmark of size and dignity befitting the Arsenal, the buildings were immediately, and for many years afterwards, vulnerable to subsidence due to their proximity to the
655:
built a "Repository for Military Machines" between New Carriage Square and some open ground to the east. The building housed an educative display of cannons and mortars, and the open space was used as a training ground to help develop skills in handling large artillery pieces on various terrains in
612:
was formed: a body of non-commissioned officers and men who were placed under the command of officers from the Corps of Royal Engineers. From 1795 both these Corps were headquartered in the Warren; alongside their other duties, they had responsibility for the design, construction and maintenance of
580:
After the formation of the Regiment in 1716, the Royal Artillery took on responsibility for conducting proof tests and the (recently renamed) post of Master Gunner of Great Britain was abolished. Proving guns at the Warren became part of routine training for gunners of the Royal Artillery, overseen
509:
By the 1750s manufacture of gun carriages was also taking place on site, overseen by the Constructor of Carriages. This took place around New Carriage Square (a low quadrangle of storehouses built alongside, and as an extension of, the Great Pile storehouses in 1728–1729). In 1803 this activity was
505:
From the beginning, gun carriages had been stored at the Warren (unlike the guns themselves the wooden carriages had to be kept under cover). The first store ('Old Carriage Yard') had been built as early as 1682, and probably also contained workshops for the repair or scrapping of old carriages. In
341:
storage depot. As at the board's other depots, the site was overseen by an official called the storekeeper, who was provided with an official residence in Tower Place itself. The Storekeeper not only controlled the receipt, safekeeping and issue of all the items that were stored on the site; he was
192:
who promptly entered into negotiations to sell it to the Board of Ordnance; and in 1671, the 31-acre (13 ha) estate was given to the board in exchange for the Gun Wharf and a substantial amount of cash. The board at the time declared the site to be "a convenient place for building a storehouse
1611:
Colour-coded map showing the full extent of the Royal Arsenal in 1931. Buildings are coloured according to their department: green (Royal Gun & Carriage Factory), light grey (Royal Ammunition Factory), red (Army Ordnance Stores), blue (Royal Naval Armament Depot), dark grey (Engineering dept),
1441:. The eastern portion of the Arsenal site had long been used for the more dangerous manufacturing processes, as well as for proof testing. This pattern continued, with the Composition Establishment (where assembly of cartridges, fuzes and other items took place) being moved east of the canal and a
1312:
The three Ordnance Factories guarded their autonomy and resisted efforts made to place them under a single command (the appointment in 1868 of a Brigadier-General with the title 'Director-General of Ordnance and Commandant of the Royal Arsenal' was an initiative which lasted only two years). Since
1061:
at the heart of what was now a munitions factory. The open spaces of the Royal Carriage Works were similarly roofed over and mechanised, and the area of its operations expanded; its carpenters and wheelwrights were moved out into new workshops (which later developed into what is now Gunnery House)
878:
In 1803–1805 a substantial Royal Carriage Factory was built (on the site of New Carriage Square, which had been destroyed by fire - possibly arson - the previous year). Its outer walls, complete with a contemporary chiming clock, survive; within, where there are now new apartment blocks, there was
488:
From 1780 a new official, the Inspector of Artillery, was given oversight of the Royal Brass Foundry and of other aspects of gun manufacture including carriage-making (for the time being) and proof-testing, which continued to take place on ranges to the east; (over the next hundred years the proof
1020:
toured the site and described it as a 'museum of technical antiquity'. Nasmyth was subsequently engaged to help modernize the complex, but it was only when Britain was on the brink of war that the pace of mechanization increased until, by 1857 (within the space of a decade), the Arsenal had 2,773
724:
In place of the old Repository in the Warren, a new Royal Engineers Establishment was built in 1803 (next to, and contemporary with, the new Carriage Factory). It was a sizeable quadrangle of workshops and other facilities, which served as the Royal Engineers' headquarters until 1856 (when it was
449:
Completed guns could then be taken through what is now Dial Arch into a complex known as the 'Great Pile of buildings' (built 1717-20) to be finished and stored. Behind the surviving frontage and archway was a small courtyard in which the newly forged guns were turned, washed and engraved; beyond
1078:
the Shot and Shell Foundry) which was completed in 1857. The new foundry building, which still stands, was subdivided into three sections (for moulding, casting and trimming) and complemented by a separate forge and boring mill. The early years of its work were defined by famed arms manufacturer
2103:
Plans have now been submitted for a new masterplan encompassing further land along the river. More than 1,700 homes already exist at Royal Arsenal Riverside, with an additional 3,700 new homes planned, along with 270,000 sq ft (25,000 m) of commercial, retail, leisure space and a
1707:
factory was destroyed and the filling factory and a light gun factory badly damaged. Explosive filling work ceased on the site, but the production of guns, shells, cartridge cases and bombs continued. In September 1940, prior to the raid, some 32,500 people worked there; but after the raid this
385:
began on the palace site, so the laboratory was relocated downstream at Woolwich (the barn building itself was even disassembled and rebuilt at the Warren). In 1696 Laboratory Square was built to house its operations, which included manufacture of gunpowder, shell cases, fuses and paper gun
733:
in 1812. In 1824 the Commanding Royal Engineer, until then resident in the Arsenal, was given a new house in Mill Lane on the edge of the Common. In 1856 the Royal Sappers and Miners merged with the Royal Engineers and the headquarters of the newly unified Corps was moved from Woolwich to
1727:
The staff of the Chemical Inspectorate, working with explosives, were evacuated in early September 1940. Shortly afterwards one of the Frog Island buildings was destroyed by bombing and another damaged. The laboratories were partially re-occupied in 1945 and fully re-occupied by 1949.
1222:
As had happened earlier in the century, the wartime expansion of the 1850s was followed by spending cuts, and workforce contraction, in the 1860s. Twenty years later, though, the Arsenal began to grow again as investment in weaponry research and manufacture resumed. The narrow-gauge
534:, who were drafted in from the Tower of London as and when required. In many respects 'there was no distinction between the Ordnance soldier and the Ordnance civilian' at this time, and a close working relationship endured between the two constituencies across subsequent decades.
1300:
in 1869 its site had been given over to serve the department as a storage depot); he also had a degree of seniority across the Arsenal as a whole, being responsible for receiving orders from the Director of Artillery and Stores and disseminating them across the departments.
445:
building survives (built on the site of the relocated "Greenwich Barn"). Its handsome exterior encloses a space designed for pure industrial functionality, with height to accommodate a vertical boring machine, and tall doors permitting easy removal of newly made cannons.
2167:(both of whom are known to have designed buildings for the Board of Ordnance), including the Royal Brass Foundry, Dial Arch and the Royal Military Academy; but whilst acknowledging their influence (direct or indirect), the Survey of London credits Brigadier-General
1719:
The Central Offices were also damaged in the raid, prompting the removal of the Design Department from Woolwich; by 1942 both it and the Research Department were accommodated at Fort Halstead (they remained there after the war, and would later merge to become the
1680:, but it was soon realised that many more ROFs would be needed. Just over forty had been established by the end of the war, nearly half of them Filling Factories, together with a similar number of explosives factories built and run by private companies, such as
634:
was set up on a firm footing and occupied its rooms in the building. Soon, the Academy's cadets were given their own purpose-built barracks alongside the southern boundary wall; dating from 1751, these were entirely demolished in the 1980s for road widening.
1342:, and various instruments measured velocity and other variables. Further bays, with railway mountings for the guns, would be added during the First World War, by which time the area and its operation was known as the Proof and Experimental Establishment.
2135:, to create a 15,000sqm complex of theatres, dance studios and places to eat. Originally this development was known as 'Woolwich Creative District' but names of the district and buildings were later put to the public vote and in July 2019 the name '
1436:
Further enlargement was to follow, and on an unprecedented scale; by the 20th century, though, there was little room for further development on site, so the Arsenal had to expand its area eastwards outside its brick boundary wall onto the Plumstead
1016:; between 1815 and 1835 the size of the workforce shrank from 5,000 to 500 (not including military personnel and convicts). At the same time, the Arsenal fell behind the pace of technological change. In the early 1840s, Scottish engineering pioneer
284:. Both branches, civil and military, were represented at the Warren; indeed there was a great deal of overlap: military officers for the most part headed up the civil departments, and civilians often worked alongside the military personnel.
677:
of officers, who were supplemented at time of war by uniformed civilians (many of whom were volunteers recruited from the ordnance storekeeper's department). In addition, a number of Royal Artillery sergeants served in the Field Train as
405:
in addition to the Woolwich manufactory. From time to time there were public demonstrations of the work of the Laboratory, often in Hyde Park, and by the mid-18th century it was customary for the Royal Laboratory to provide an official
581:
at first by the Board's proofmaster-general (and then, after 1780, by the Inspector of Artillery). In addition to the proof butts, a range was set up in 1787 for gunnery practice, firing parallel to the river across Plumstead Marshes.
1227:
was opened in 1873, complemented later by a standard-gauge network connected to the main line. Electricity arrived in the Arsenal in the 1870s; initially used for lighting, it was soon used to power all kinds of machinery. An on-site
702:, where they moved in 1777; whereupon their old barracks were converted into terraces of houses (they continued to house artillery officers for some years, and were later used for senior staff of the Royal Laboratory). The Commandant
1477:
and Experimental Establishment). At the same the staff of the War Department Chemist was expanded to strengthen its research capability; and over the next few years other small research departments emerged, focused on areas such as
672:
department to ensure supply and storage of guns, ammunition and other equipment for its Artillery and Engineers serving in the field of battle. The small corps (which had its headquarters in the Arsenal) was composed of a permanent
2046:
Some links to its historic past have been kept, with many notable buildings in the historic original (West) site being retained in the redevelopment. Attempts to put the history of the site into context were, however, short-lived:
342:
also responsible (until the early 1800s) for issuing payments on the board's behalf to all personnel across the different departments. He was assisted by a clerk of the cheque, clerk of the survey and other administrative staff.
1172:
towers were built within the eastern outer quadrangle of the Grand Store in 1855 (replacing parts of the building demolished due to subsidence twenty years earlier), which drove machinery throughout the adjacent stores complex.
1086:
and the part-time position of Superintendent of the Royal Gun Factory at Woolwich; after further expansion of the factory complex he resigned in 1863 following the demonstration of an even more powerful rifled gun by his rival
831:). The canal, as well as forming a boundary, provided access for barges; these were initially used to deliver timber to the heart of the carriage-building department and later provided a transit route for guns and explosives.
2087:
in 2003. The first phase of homes at Royal Arsenal, "The Armouries", consisted of 455 new-build apartments in a six-storey building. This was followed by "The Warehouse, No.1 Street". The development has a residents' gym, a
1248:
The Arsenal was still made up of separate divisions. The manufacturing departments (which soon came to be called Ordnance Factories) were each overseen by a (largely independent) Superintendent (who answered directly to the
188:'s Battery, being under the command of the King's cousin) was built in the grounds of the house, designed to defend London in the event of a similar raid on the Thames. The following year, Tower Place was acquired by
217:) was closed and its staff and activities were promptly moved to Tower Place. That year a thousand cannon and ten thousand cannonballs were sent to Woolwich from the Tower, and the proof butts were further expanded.
1163:
house for what would become the Royal Arsenal's Gas Works, which was established close to what was then the north-east corner of the site, just west of the canal. Its superintendent additionally had charge of all
275:
A map drawn in 1701 shows a triangle of carriage sheds (built over Prince Rupert's Battery, top left), proof butts and experiment area (top right), the Laboratory quadrangle (bottom) and land in between used for
921:; Maudslay later expanded this buying more steam machinery. The Arsenal also became a noted research facility, developing several key advances in armament design and manufacture. One example was the innovative
1708:
dropped to 19,000. The numbers employed on site had increased by February 1943, with 23,000 employed, but by August 1945 were down to 15,000. 103 people were killed and 770 injured, during 25 raids, by bombs,
741:
The Ordnance Field Train also left the Warren, in 1804, moving scores of combat-ready field guns and large stocks of ammunition into the newly-built carriage sheds and magazines of what became known as the
394:. A pair of pavilions, which once faced each other across the centre of the courtyard, are now the oldest surviving buildings on the Arsenal site; they were being restored for residential use in 2013.
1082:, who in 1859 made his patented designs for rifled ordnance available for government use; (the Arsenal had previously been unable to replicate its effectiveness in-house). He was duly rewarded with a
686:). The Field Train had its offices in the main guard house and stored its guns, carriages and other equipment in a large building known as the Blue Storehouse (which was near the old Carriage Yard).
1905:
area was then sold off and a relocated Plumstead Bus Garage was built on part of this site. This action separated what remained of the Royal Arsenal, some 76 acres (310,000 m), into two sites:
1292:
Each Factory was responsible for the initial design and final inspection of items, as well as for the intervening manufacturing process. Once completed, all items manufactured on site passed to the
369:
An ammunition laboratory (i.e. workshop) was set up at the Warren in 1695, overseen by the Comptroller of Fireworks. Manufacture of ammunition had previously taken place within a Great Barn on the
709:
The Royal Military Repository was destroyed along with New Carriage Square in the fire of 1802, but soon re-established itself just west of the new Artillery Barracks in the area now known as the
2071:
A 21st-century Energy Centre, providing electricity and hot water for the apartment blocks, replicates the design of the adjacent Land-service Gun Carriage Store (1803-4) and Erecting Shop (1887)
1980:; QAD(Ord) was the successor of the Chief Inspector of Armaments department. There was a separate Naval Ordnance Inspection Department (based in Middlegate House from 1922) that looked after the
819:
Guardhouses were built at points on the perimeter, manned by troops of the Royal Artillery; one at the main gate (1787–1788) and a pair by the new wharf (1814–1815) are still in place today. The
1296:, overseen by the Commissary-General of Ordnance (successor to the Storekeepers of old). He had oversight of one of the world's largest depots for military equipment (following the closure of
3084:
2083:
converted for residential use, with more than 3,000 residents. One of the earliest developments was Royal Artillery Quays, a series of glass towers rising along the riverside built by
879:
once a vast engineering and manufacturing complex staffed by wheelwrights, carpenters, blacksmiths and metalworkers. It was here that steam power first came to be used in the Arsenal, when
433:, overseen by a Master Founder, was established in 1717. (The decision of the Board of Ordnance to set up and supervise its own foundry operations followed a devastating explosion at the
1633:
in Kent was acquired by the War Office in 1937, initially serving as an outstation of the Arsenal. This went on to become the Projectile Development Establishment (it later relocated to
3079:
1743:
was used for weapons research into the 1990s; built in 1887 on an area long known as the Mounting Ground, it was originally where guns from the Foundry were mounted on their carriages
1625:
in 1971, with these two bodies continuing to police the site until its closure. In 1935, the Ballistics branch of the Research Department began work on developing rockets for use as
321:
In addition, proof butts continued to be maintained by the Board of Ordnance to test guns beyond their normal operational limits and for experimenting with new types of ammunition.
244:, be removed to Woolwich, and from henceforth new ordnance and carriages be laid there'. No manufacturing took place at this stage, however, except for the periodical production of
228:, to ensure that proofs and trials were conducted correctly and the results duly certified. In 1684 the King paid another visit, when Leake conducted a trial of his newly-developed
1338:
position, which was around 500 yards away. (The design was much as it had been in previous centuries, except in concrete rather than wood.) Guns were brought into position using a
271:
501:
A map of 1746 shows 'The Warren' (right) with its three quadrangles: (from left-right) the original Laboratory (1696), the 'Great Pile' (1717-20) and New Carriage Square (1728-9)
530:
of England, who (except in time of war) assisted in the manufacture as well as the proving of cannons. Building, repair and technical work was undertaken by the board's (civil)
769:. From the 1860s the cadet barracks began to be converted for other uses, but they were still occasionally used by the Academy as overflow accommodation until as late as 1882.
1345:
Recognising the increasing divergence of naval gun design from that of land artillery, part of the Ordnance Store Department was separated off in 1891 to form an independent
573:
The two companies of artillery (referred to as 'Royal Artillery' by 1720) were quartered and based at the Warren. By 1722 the detachment had grown and was formally named the
1377:. Over the next 115 years the enterprise grew to half a million members across London and beyond, providing services including funerals, housing, libraries and insurance.
1595:
body, responsible for initiating designs for guns, carriages, ammunition, small arms, tanks and transport vehicles, in close collaboration with the ordnance factories.
3044:
1203:
193:
for powder and other stores of war, and for room for the proof of guns". The first Storekeeper, Captain Francis Cheeseman, was appointed in 1670 by Warrant of the
2985:
1948:
The Royal Arsenal site retained its links to ordnance production for almost another thirty years as a number of the Ministry of Defence Procurement Executive's
1828:
appear to have links with people connected with the Royal Arsenal: a Col. Nathan, at the Royal Gunpowder Factory; and, W. Kellner being the second War Office
812:
Use of convict labour was key to this period of expansion. It was used to construct a huge new wharf, completed in 1813, and then again in 1814–1816 to dig a
1721:
761:
was relocated to the south side of the Common in 1806. The old Academy building, together with the adjacent Storekeeper's residence, then became part of the
1608:
827:
was built as part of the rebuilt wharf to facilitate loading and unloading from ships (it was supplemented in 1856 by the first in a series of substantial
801:
road, and to 15 feet (4.6 m) in other parts. (The first boundary wall had been built in 1702, prior to which the Warren had operated on open ground.)
353:, who was also accommodated in Tower Place.) Gunpowder was stored in a converted dovecote initially; but before long specialist buildings began to appear.
161:
had been built around 1515). After the Dockyard moved west in the 1540s, Gun Wharf was acquired by the Office of Ordnance and mainly used for gun storage.
1793:
in Berkshire. ARDE, which had its origin in the Research and Design Departments of the Arsenal, retained its Woolwich outstation there until the 1980s.
1545:
were built during the First World War. All the National Factories closed at the end of the War, with only the Royal (munitions) Factories (at Woolwich,
3074:
514:, a recognition of the importance of effective carriage design and manufacture, alongside that of guns and ammunition, as part of ordnance provision.
450:
which two large gun-carriage storehouses stood (one for the Navy, one for the Army) at either end of a larger quadrangle, with workshops alongside.
3064:
2171:(Surveyor-general for the Ordnance board at the time) as having played the leading part in their design. In the late-18th and early-19th centuries
1537:
In addition to the massive expansion of the Royal Ordnance Factories in the Arsenal, and of private munitions companies, other UK Government-owned
1481:, materials and mechanical technology. In 1907 these were all grouped together under a Superintendent of Research to form the Research Department.
1917:. It also led to breaking down of parts of the 1804 brick boundary wall. Part of it near Plumstead Bus station was replaced by iron railings and
625:
The original Royal Military Academy building (1718-20) within the Arsenal complex; it later served as the Royal Arsenal Officers' Mess until 1994
2277:
808:
The riverside guard rooms (1815) flanked a grand set of steps in the newly built wharf, which became the principal point of entry from the river
713:(which continue to be used for military training to this day). What survived of the items on display at the Repository came to be housed in the
601:
and rank equivalent to officers of the Army. In a Royal Warrant of 1787 the Corps (which was still composed solely of officers) was renamed the
3114:
1944:, built as central offices for the entire Arsenal site in 1908, served as headquarters for the MOD's Quality Assurance Directorates after 1967
996:) had been converted into barracks by 1834 but ten years later Portsmouth's (which had been overtaken by dockyard expansion) was relocated to
2510:
2131:
In October 2018, planning permission was granted for the first phase of a multi-million pound restoration of historic buildings near the new
1501:, the Royal Arsenal extended over some 1,300 acres (530 ha) and employed around 80,000 people. The Royal Arsenal by then comprised the
213:
in the proof butts. In 1682 what had till then been the board's main proving ground (in 'Old Artillery Garden' near its headquarters in the
3109:
3089:
3069:
2151:
A house built for Master Founder Jan Verbruggen in 1772 was converted for office use in 2010, having stood empty for a quarter of a century
1882:); alongside these tenants, a variety of smaller MOD departments were accommodated, some on a temporary but others on a longer-term basis.
172:
were built on the site, under the board's direction (24 years later they were enlarged, to enable more guns to be proved at each firing).
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equipment (lifts, cranes etc.) in use around the Arsenal site (other than that used directly in the process of manufacturing); a pair of
280:
The Board of Ordnance was both a civil and a military office of State, independent of the Army, overseen by a high-ranking official, the
2810:
1796:
In 1953, a body called Royal Arsenal Estate was set up to dispose of areas of land deemed surplus to requirements. An approximately 100
1186:
its headquarters in the Arsenal's Grand Store. The manufacturing departments were mostly left to their own devices, though the Ordnance
1854:
The Woolwich Royal Ordnance Factories closed in 1967, and at the same time a large part of the eastern end of the site was sold to the
725:
converted into a wheel factory for the adjacent Royal Carriage Works). Also in 1803, the Royal Military Artificers were provided with
1148:. Abel was also responsible for the technical management of the Royal Gunpowder Factory. He retired from the Royal Arsenal in 1888.
1644:
started in the late 1930s. Abel's old Chemical Laboratory was by now too small and new Chemical Laboratories were built in 1937 on
2950:
Rare photos, videos, family research, historical information, includes members who worked in the Royal Arsenal, recollections etc.
682:. (The Ordnance Field Train was disbanded following the abolition of the Board of Ordnance, but is now seen as a precursor of the
96:
in the grounds of a mid-16th century Tudor house, Tower Place. Much of the initial history of the site is linked with that of the
3094:
3039:
2550:
1317:, laid bare these shortcomings and made a number of recommendations, leading among other things to the (civilian) appointment of
1304:
1250:
2486:
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1866:. Parts of the older (western) section of the site were leased as storage or office space to assorted public bodies (including
1034:
945:
river (this was caused in no small part by on-site supervisors directing the use of cheaper wooden piles in place of the stone
402:
107:
Over the next two centuries, as operations grew and innovations were pursued, the site expanded massively. At the time of the
3099:
2119:
694:
By the 1770s the number of artillerymen accommodated in the Warren had increased to 900, prompting the construction of a new
1587:
given to the next-of-kin of deceased servicemen and servicewomen. In 1919 a committee was set up, under the chairmanship of
706:
remained quartered in the Arsenal until 1839, when he was provided with a new house on Woolwich Common (Government House).
120:
1664:. Much of the Royal Arsenal's former ordnance production was moved to these new sites, as it was considered vulnerable to
1195:
3059:
2871:
2202:
1550:
1349:, which (from its headquarters in the Arsenal) had oversight of what were soon termed Royal Naval Ordnance Depôts (later
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The Main Guard House (1787-8) provided accommodation for a detachment of Artillery after the regiment moved to the Common
92:
for the British armed forces. It was originally known as the Woolwich Warren, having begun on land previously used as a
1322:
products, which resulted in the establishment of a separate Inspection department under a Chief Inspector of Armaments.
2956:– Royal Arsenal documentaries, presentations, maps and rare photo slideshows and local Woolwich and Thamesmead history.
2924:
2875:
2555:
2389:
1952:
Directorates had their headquarters offices located there. These included the Materials Quality Assurance Directorate (
1374:
1000:, where manufacture (initially of small arms ammunition, later of shells and fuzes) continued, overseen from Woolwich.
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there from 1820 (having been kept in the old Academy building in the interim), where they formed the nucleus of a new
2892:
2784:
2031:
1314:
1187:
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652:
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An Order in Council (dated 22 August 1717) increased the size of the Engineer Corps to fifty officers (including the
333:
Shot stacked up outside the Royal Laboratory gates and rows of guns arrayed in the background (James Cockburn, 1795).
17:
565:
292:
For most of its history, the civil establishment of the Warren/Arsenal consisted of the following four departments:
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1392:
in the heart of the complex, playing their first game on 11 December (a 6–0 victory over Eastern Wanderers) in the
848:
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679:
631:
541:
directed that two companies of artillery (of a hundred men each, plus officers) and a separate corps of twenty-six
225:
125:
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Board (with a new residence for the Storekeeper added to the rear). It would not be until 1741, however, that the
2867:
797:
boundary wall, generally 8 feet (2.4 m) high. In 1804 this wall was raised to 20 feet (6.1 m) near the
506:
1697 a far larger complex of sheds ('New Carriage Yard') was built on what had been Prince Rupert's gun battery.
329:
1850:
One of a pair of 1890s additions to the Grand Store site, used after 1962 as a book store by the British Library
964:
729:, outside the Warren (south of Love Lane, halfway between the Warren and the Common); the corps was renamed the
710:
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281:
194:
1925:) was also changed at the Woolwich market area and the Royal Arsenal's boundary was moved inwards so that the
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469:, served in post for 54 years before retiring in 1769 at the age of 78. In 1770 a revolutionary horse-powered
453:
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1846:
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A 103-ton anvil, cast on-site in 1873 and formerly used in the rolling mill, is preserved by Wellington Park
1240:
1681:
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1325:
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2055:
museum), which had presented the history of artillery alongside that of the regiment, closed in 2016; and
1424:
1202:, with the Metropolitan Police taking over such duties completely in 1861 with the formation of a devoted
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manufacture became a key activity, carried out in purpose-built premises on the eastern edge of the site.
365:
One of a pair of 17th-century pavilions, the earliest buildings on the site, undergoing restoration (2015)
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To begin with much of the Warren was preserved as open space with cannons stored in the open air and guns
2168:
1688:
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1350:
1318:
726:
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100:, which purchased the Warren in the late 17th century in order to expand an earlier base at Gun Wharf in
1736:
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1839:: thus, for the first time, the various manufacturing operations on the site were united into a single
1622:
1489:
1885:
1155:
A view of the Arsenal in 1858; guns and shot continued to be stored in the open until the 20th century
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2184:
2056:
1580:
1522:
1293:
1030:
743:
683:
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Historical information: photos, maps, documents, presentations, recollections, football history etc.
1025:. A similar pattern of development was seen at the other Board of Ordnance manufacturing sites: the
209:
visited the Warren and observed Richard Leake, Master Gunner of England, conduct an experiment with
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2132:
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car club and a 24-hour concierge facility for residents. Wellington Park provides open space and a
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1926:
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In 1868 twenty workers at the Arsenal formed a food-buying association operating from a house in
1253:): the Royal Laboratory continued to use hundreds of lathes to manufacture ammunition (including
1110:
1022:
46:
1897:
chemical laboratories were moved into a new building erected in 1971, in what was to become the
2758:
2147:
2093:
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The western part of the Royal Arsenal has now been transformed into a mixed-use development by
2052:
2043:
zone. Parts of the Royal Arsenal have been used to build residential and commercial buildings.
1871:
1855:
1840:
1747:
During the quiet period after the end of the Second World War, the Royal Arsenal built railway
1617:
On 1 January 1927 policing of the site was transferred from the Metropolitan Police to the new
1493:
Women munition workers stacking cartridge cases in the New Case shop at the Royal Arsenal, 1918
894:
718:
531:
1457:, begun in the Arsenal in 1871 (with the canal used as a testing run for a time) was moved to
804:
2916:
2381:
2190:
1867:
1224:
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Built 1803–05, the exterior of the Royal Carriage Works now contains modern apartments (2014)
621:
598:
206:
189:
2978:– Detailed guide to the layout, buildings and manufacturing processes of the Arsenal c. 1884
2020:
high-security prison was built on part of Royal Arsenal East, becoming operational in 1991.
1069:
Part of the former Iron Foundry (aka Armstrong Gun Factory) now known as Cannon House (2015)
867:
prompted an increase of activity at the Arsenal, which affected all areas of its operation.
537:
The military constitution of the Board of Ordnance was strengthened when, on 26 May 1716, a
157:
1621:. The latter was renamed the Army Department Constabulary in 1964 and then merged into the
1588:
1400:
two weeks later (and also known as the 'Woolwich Reds'), the club entered the professional
1088:
1038:
993:
906:
766:
746:(which stretched from the new Artificers' barracks up towards the new Artillery barracks).
387:
148:
2988:
giving an overview of all surviving buildings on the former MoD Royal Arsenal (West) site.
1781:
in Kent (ARDE), and also at Woolwich. The first British atomic device was tested in 1952;
1012:
Levels of arms manufacture naturally ebbed during the relatively peaceful years after the
8:
1782:
1450:
1199:
1114:
981:
638:
485:. Remarkably, it remained in use until 1843 when a steam-powered equivalent replaced it.
2947:
2596:
The Royal Naval Armament Depots of Priddy's Hard, Elson, Frater and Bedenham, 1768-1977
2164:
2017:
1813:
1506:
1274:
1013:
714:
542:
523:
489:
ranges were moved progressively further eastwards as the Arsenal continued to expand).
391:
181:
140:
97:
2551:"Laboratory North Range and Laboratory Building to NE of Laboratory Complex (1393252)"
1561:
During the quiet period after the end of the First World War, the Royal Arsenal built
168:
its guns on the warren that formed part of their land. That same year the first proof
3104:
2920:
2888:
2385:
1949:
1809:
1661:
1634:
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were another successful team set up by the Royal Arsenal but only lasted until 1896.
1381:
1353:), including RNAD Woolwich: an extensive storage facility within the Arsenal itself.
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703:
407:
296:
The Storekeeper's Department (which managed storage of all kinds of 'warlike stores')
241:
221:
152:
132:
101:
93:
42:
1936:
1094:
1049:
936:
870:
361:
2546:
2196:
2039:
The sprawling Arsenal site is now one of the focal points for redevelopment in the
1817:
1672:. The original plan was to replace the Royal Arsenal's Filling Factory with one at
1124:
explosives which were then being developed. He was mostly responsible for bringing
997:
674:
669:
651:
An offshoot of the Academy was the Royal Military Repository. In the 1770s Captain
609:
497:
374:
2255:
Records of the Privy Council 1769-71, quoted in Saint & Guillery (2012), p134.
1445:
factory being established by the river. Later, much of the area of Plumstead and
224:
was formalised by Charles II in 1683, two Proof Masters were appointed, under the
151:. The house with its octagonal tower stood nearby Gun Wharf (the original site of
2953:
2697:
2089:
2080:
1997:
1790:
1709:
1576:
1527:
1401:
930:
922:
864:
824:
699:
593:). Serving under the Board of Ordnance, they received their commissions from the
550:
546:
545:(all officers) be formed on a permanent basis: this marked the foundation of the
418:
378:
307:
229:
214:
2104:
120-bedroom hotel by Holiday-Inn Express. Also included in the plans is the new
2059:, which told the story of Woolwich including the Royal Arsenal, closed in 2018.
1144:. A new Chemical Laboratory was built to Abel's requirements; this was numbered
2136:
2076:
2040:
1972:), which looked after ordnance for the Army. MQAD was the successor of the old
1752:
1592:
1572:
1531:
1453:, each in its own walled, moated and earth-traversed enclosure. Manufacture of
1266:
1258:
1151:
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790:
478:
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169:
2975:
2959:
2454:
To The Warrior His Arms: the story of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, 1918-1993
2306:
1648:, on a former loop in the Ordnance Canal. Staff from the Royal Arsenal helped
3033:
3015:
3002:
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2155:
Several early 18th-century buildings on the site have been attributed to the
2084:
1930:
1778:
1630:
1626:
1538:
1446:
1330:
1229:
1218:
The "great crane" of 1876, photographed c.1888; part of the Royal Gun Factory
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989:
880:
735:
538:
527:
185:
2114:
1232:
was opened (on the site of the east quadrangle of the Grand Store) in 1896.
338:
2487:
PLAN shewing the ORDNANCE GROUND and adjacent parts at WOOLWICH March, 1810
2097:
1965:
1748:
1677:
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1409:
1393:
1339:
1129:
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By 1854, the old Laboratory Square had been roofed over to serve as a vast
985:
839:
820:
434:
314:
144:
136:
35:
2278:"THE HISTORY OF THE ROYAL ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISHMENT"
1464:
2855:
The Royal Arsenal: its Background, Origin and Subsequent History Woolwich
2172:
2079:. It comprises one of the biggest concentrations of Grade I and Grade II
1993:
1673:
1665:
1568:
1498:
1429:
1182:
1141:
1106:
1053:
The gatehouse: all that remains of the 1856 Shot and Shell Foundry (2014)
950:
210:
108:
70:
2941:
1893:
Shortly after the closure of the Woolwich Royal Ordnance Factories, the
1365:
Dial Square (1718-20) lent its name to what became Arsenal Football Club
410:' on occasions such as coronations, peace treaties, royal jubilees etc.
2992:
RCHME Historic Buildings Report: The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, volume II
2911:
Saint, Andrew; Guillery, Peter (2012). "Chapter 3: The Royal Arsenal".
2376:
Saint, Andrew; Guillery, Peter (2012). "Chapter 3: The Royal Arsenal".
1981:
1961:
1918:
1863:
1763:
1478:
1270:
1083:
977:
958:
954:
438:
349:
on ranges to the east. (Proof-testing was overseen at this time by the
346:
300:
165:
86:
82:
78:
2982:
RCHME Historic Buildings Report: The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, volume I
1526:
Government built an estate of 1,298 homes - later (1925) known as the
608:
Initially, civilians were employed as workers, but in 1787 a Corps of
481:(who worked at the foundry from 1783) to his inventions improving the
299:
The Royal Laboratory (which manufactured ammunition of all kinds, for
115:
2156:
2108:
1922:
1700:
1432:
indicates the one-time extent of the site over what is now Thamesmead
1370:
1165:
1125:
816:(the Ordnance Canal), which formed the eastern boundary of the site.
798:
793:
was used to construct a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) (approximately)
642:
The Cadet Barracks, which stood just east of Beresford Gate, in 1851.
554:
553:. Both had their headquarters in the Warren for a time and (when not
370:
253:
249:
245:
74:
1762:
industry, up to 1952. Armament production then increased during the
27:
Public community common, and housing, formerly a Military owned site
2976:
Woolwich: A Guide to the Royal Arsenal &c. by Wm. Thos. Vincent
1957:
1859:
1759:
1458:
1389:
1121:
898:
884:
823:
was key to the Warren and its operations from the earliest days. A
240:
In 1688 it was ordered that 'all guns, carriages and stores now at
89:
62:
1214:
753:
Storekeeper's House (1807-10), latterly known as Middlegate House.
2023:
The Royal Arsenal ceased to be a military establishment in 1994.
1829:
1801:
1652:, and in some cases managed the construction of, many of the new
1565:
1442:
1438:
1254:
1137:
1117:
914:
855:; its constituent elements retained their independence, however.
430:
2650:
The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660-1964
2611:
The Records of the War Office and Related Departments, 1660-1964
1509:
in 1907), the Royal Laboratory (which in 1922 split to form the
929:(son of the Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory). Thenceforward
164:
In 1651, the owners of Tower Place gave the board permission to
1669:
1649:
1160:
613:
buildings, wharves and other features across the Arsenal site.
66:
58:
913:
employed there. Brunel was responsible for erecting the steam
1562:
1419:
813:
794:
689:
482:
3085:
Grade II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
1044:
1797:
1786:
1756:
1704:
1691:, but these private sector factories were not called ROFs.
1518:
1346:
1262:
828:
3080:
Grade I listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
2199:- modern housing development on the grounds of the Arsenal
1128:
into safe use and for winning a patent dispute brought by
2887:. Britain in Old Photographs. Strood: Sutton Publishing.
1713:
1235:
940:
Part of the early 19th-century Grand Store complex (2014)
427:
1769:
From 1947, the British atomic weapons programme, called
1113:(later Sir Frederick Abel) had been appointed the first
957:
facing the river, with the central open space used as a
893:
The Arsenal was soon a renowned centre of excellence in
2986:
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
2205:- another historic munitions factory in the London area
2111:
station, which has been part-funded by Berkeley Homes.
1575:
internal railway system, and this was connected to the
858:
1722:
Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE)
2243:
Arrows to atom bombs: a history of the Ordnance Board
569:
Former barracks of 1739 undergoing renovation in 2016
337:
First and foremost, the Warren was established as an
2906:. London: Royal Arsenal Woolwich Historical Society.
2598:. Winchester: Hampshire County Council. p. 124.
2426:. London: Royal Arsenal Woolwich Historical Society.
1968:; and the Quality Assurance Directorate (Ordnance) (
1933:(itself demolished for road-widening in the 1960s).
1629:
weapons. To provide a more remote testing location,
968:
New Laboratory Square: the east range of 1808 (2015)
953:). The buildings formed a three-sided quadrangle of
235:
2811:"Woolwich Creative District becomes Woolwich Works"
2545:
1553:) remaining open through to the Second World War.
925:, designed and (from 1805) manufactured on site by
259:In due course, the site as a whole became known as
116:
17th-century origins: the Gun Wharf and Tower Place
57:is an establishment on the south bank of the River
557:for war) they were regularly engaged in its work.
313:The Royal Carriage Department (which manufactured
3045:Military units and formations established in 1671
2613:. Kew, Surrey: Public Record Office. p. 177.
1356:
124:The octagonal tower of Tower Place alongside the
3031:
2857:. Vol. II. London: Oxford University Press.
2311:. London: Simpkin, Marshall & co. p. 55
2222:Saint & Guillery (2012), pp. 38-41, 129-130.
2008:; and all the buildings on this site were given
1703:on 7 September 1940. After several attacks, the
1140:which Abel had jointly developed with Professor
646:
2972:– Official site about the redevelopment project
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2122:ventilation shaft can be seen in Royal Arsenal
1176:
522:By 1700 the Board of Ordnance had a team of 20
473:was installed in the Foundry by his successor,
324:
248:for state celebrations; (between 1681 and 1694
2300:
2298:
1190:(initially set up to assess the merits of the
2910:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2456:. Barnsley, S. Yorks.: Pen & Sword Books.
2417:
2415:
2413:
2375:
616:
517:
2669:
2447:
2445:
2187:- local museum with Royal Arsenal exhibition
834:
772:
560:
310:and was later renamed the Royal Gun Factory)
306:The Royal Brass Foundry (which manufactured
2954:Royal Arsenal History YouTube channel (RAH)
2739:
2702:Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
2690:
2308:Woolwich: Guide to the Royal Arsenal &c
2295:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2240:
2062:
1921:fencing; later the public roadway (now the
1021:specialized machines at work powered by 68
659:
266:
2948:Royal Arsenal History Facebook group (RAH)
2617:
2570:
2491:
2410:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
1835:In 1957 a merger took place which created
1420:20th century: The Royal Ordnance Factories
690:Removal of the military to Woolwich Common
413:
287:
147:, a wealthy goldsmith and merchant, later
3075:History of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
2994:– An in-depth study of selected buildings
2727:
2715:
2641:
2629:
2442:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
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2330:
2328:
2326:
1820:in 1955. Two of the roads on this estate
1751:, between 1945 and 1949, and constructed
1449:was scattered with storage magazines for
1045:Crimean War: mechanisation and innovation
851:, the entire complex became known as the
584:
526:stationed in the Warren, overseen by the
2759:"Firepower - The Royal Artillery Museum"
2751:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2430:
2258:
2236:
2234:
2232:
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2228:
2146:
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2004:was based, until closure of the site at
1935:
1884:
1845:
1735:
1488:
1463:
1423:
1412:, having moved to north London in 1913.
1380:In 1886 workers at the Arsenal formed a
1360:
1324:
1303:
1284:Inside the Royal Carriage Works c.1896 (
1279:
1239:
1213:
1150:
1132:against the British Government over the
1093:
1073:The Royal Brass Foundry was renamed the
1064:
1048:
1007:
963:
935:
869:
838:
803:
776:
748:
637:
620:
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452:
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360:
328:
270:
119:
41:
3065:National government buildings in London
2901:
2882:
2745:
2623:
2497:
2421:
2404:
2304:
1804:) area of the site, around what is now
1637:in Wales for the duration of the war).
356:
200:
175:
131:The Royal Arsenal had its origins in a
14:
3032:
2861:
2593:
2340:
2323:
2049:Firepower - The Royal Artillery Museum
1236:Mechanical and managerial developments
1120:with the aim of investigating the new
668:, the Board of Ordnance established a
597:until 1757 when the King granted them
256:, was regularly refined on the site).
3115:Grade II* listed government buildings
2852:
2839:
2808:
2782:
2733:
2721:
2684:
2647:
2635:
2608:
2581:
2475:
2460:
2451:
2436:
2334:
2225:
2100:, the Dial Arch, opened in June 2010
1731:
1505:(which had amalgamated under Colonel
664:In 1792, with Britain on the cusp of
492:
2652:. Kew, Surrey: Public Record Office.
2126:
1992:together with a Ministry of Defence
1105:As part of the preparations for the
859:Expansion during the Napoleonic Wars
786:projects in the early 19th century.
381:there); but in 1695 construction of
3110:Grade I listed government buildings
3090:Grade I listed industrial buildings
3070:Royal Ordnance Factories in England
2942:Royal Arsenal History Website (RAH)
2275:
2203:Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills
2051:(direct successor of the Arsenal's
1858:. Much of it was used to build the
1699:The Royal Arsenal was caught up in
1694:
1534:to help accommodate the workforce.
847:In 1805, at the suggestion of King
24:
2915:. Survey of London. Vol. 48.
2556:National Heritage List for England
2511:"Devonport conservation appraisal"
2380:. Survey of London. Vol. 48.
2193:- railway inside the Royal Arsenal
1583:. The Royal Arsenal also cast the
1556:
1484:
1408:in 1893 and later became known as
1375:Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society
25:
3126:
2960:Woolwich Royal Arsenal during WWI
2935:
2000:'s secure storage accommodation.
1204:No. 1 (Woolwich Arsenal) Division
236:Centralisation of ordnance stores
69:, England, that was used for the
2853:Hogg, Brigadier O.F.G. (1963b).
2840:Hogg, Brigadier O.F.G. (1963a).
2305:Vincent, William Thomas (1885).
1600:
1503:Royal Gun & Carriage Factory
1251:Director of Artillery and Stores
226:Surveyor-General of the Ordnance
2902:Timbers, Brigadier Ken (2011).
2876:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
2868:History of the Second World War
2802:
2776:
2662:'Changes at Woolwich Arsenal',
2656:
2602:
2587:
2539:
2503:
2480:
2452:Steer, Brigadier Frank (2005).
2035:New housing on the Arsenal site
1913:, at Plumstead, approached via
1347:Naval Ordnance Store Department
1209:
1159:1854 saw the installation of a
992:. The Devonport Laboratory (on
143:mansion built in the 1540s for
112:for housing and community use.
3095:Industrial buildings in London
3040:1671 establishments in England
2398:
2249:
2216:
2118:Thames Path - Building 50 and
2026:
1357:Social and sporting activities
843:Map of the Royal Arsenal, 1867
656:different conflict scenarios.
422:The Royal Brass Foundry (1717)
282:Master-General of the Ordnance
195:Master-General of the Ordnance
13:
1:
2984:– October 1994 report by the
2809:Greenwich, Royal Borough of.
2783:Greenwich, Royal Borough of.
2282:Fort Halstead Heritage Centre
2209:
1539:National Explosives Factories
1414:Royal Ordnance Factories F.C.
1308:The South Boring Mill in 1897
647:The Royal Military Repository
441:.) In Woolwich, the original
220:When the constitution of the
3100:Conservation areas in London
2241:Skentlebery, Norman (1975).
1428:An information panel on the
1177:Demise of the Ordnance Board
949:specified by the architect,
325:The storekeeper's department
180:In 1667, in response to the
7:
2962:– BBC London film, part of
2904:The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich
2885:The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich
2878:and Longmans, Green and Co.
2872:United Kingdom Civil Series
2424:The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich
2178:
1619:War Department Constabulary
575:Royal Regiment of Artillery
10:
3131:
3060:Military history of London
2842:The Royal Arsenal Woolwich
2832:
2133:Woolwich Crossrail station
1623:Ministry of Defence Police
1472:at the turn of the century
617:The Royal Military Academy
518:The military establishment
465:The first Master Founder,
437:it had previously used in
184:, a gun battery (known as
29:
2815:www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk
2789:www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk
2245:. London: Ordnance Board.
2185:Greenwich Heritage Centre
2057:Greenwich Heritage Centre
1581:Plumstead railway station
1333:at the Proof Butts, 1862.
1294:Ordnance Store Department
919:Royal Carriage Department
835:19th century: The Arsenal
773:Consolidation of the site
684:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
610:Royal Military Artificers
561:The regiment of artillery
512:Royal Carriage Department
471:horizontal boring machine
459:horizontal boring machine
2862:Hornby, William (1958).
2666:, 7 January 1927, page 1
2063:Residential developments
1996:section and part of the
1880:Property Services Agency
1876:National Maritime Museum
1654:Royal Ordnance Factories
1511:Royal Ammunition Factory
1497:At its peak, during the
1384:club initially known as
1080:William George Armstrong
1035:Royal Gun Powder Factory
1027:Royal Small Arms Factory
1023:stationary steam engines
731:Royal Sappers and Miners
696:Royal Artillery Barracks
660:The Ordnance Field Train
603:Corps of Royal Engineers
351:Master Gunner of England
267:18th century: The Warren
49:(Beresford Gate) in 2007
32:Woolwich Arsenal station
2970:Royal Arsenal Riverside
2846:Oxford University Press
2844:. Vol. I. London:
2648:Roper, Michael (1998).
2609:Roper, Michael (1998).
1775:High Explosive Research
1470:Royal Arsenal Gatehouse
414:The Royal Brass Foundry
401:, had oversight of the
288:The civil establishment
55:Royal Arsenal, Woolwich
47:Royal Arsenal Gatehouse
2152:
2123:
2072:
2036:
1974:War Department Chemist
1956:), which looked after
1945:
1890:
1872:British Museum Library
1856:Greater London Council
1851:
1841:Royal Ordnance Factory
1744:
1571:. It had an extensive
1494:
1473:
1433:
1366:
1334:
1309:
1289:
1245:
1219:
1196:R (Greenwich) Division
1156:
1102:
1070:
1054:
969:
941:
895:mechanical engineering
875:
844:
809:
782:
759:Royal Military Academy
754:
719:Royal Artillery Museum
643:
632:Royal Military Academy
626:
585:The Corps of Engineers
570:
502:
462:
423:
366:
334:
277:
252:, a key ingredient of
128:
126:Royal Military Academy
50:
2964:World War One at Home
2917:Yale University Press
2883:Masters, Roy (1995).
2763:The National Archives
2594:Semark, H.W. (1997).
2422:Timbers, Ken (2011).
2382:Yale University Press
2191:Royal Arsenal Railway
2150:
2143:Historic architecture
2117:
2070:
2034:
1978:Chemical Inspectorate
1939:
1888:
1868:HM Customs and Excise
1849:
1739:
1515:Royal Filling Factory
1492:
1467:
1427:
1364:
1328:
1307:
1283:
1243:
1225:Royal Arsenal Railway
1217:
1170:hydraulic accumulator
1154:
1097:
1068:
1052:
1008:Peacetime contraction
974:New Laboratory Square
967:
939:
873:
842:
807:
780:
752:
698:on the north side of
641:
624:
568:
500:
456:
421:
403:Royal Gunpowder Mills
364:
332:
303:as well as artillery)
274:
190:Sir William Pritchard
123:
45:
2687:, pp. 1024–1025
1909:, at Woolwich; and,
1889:New main gate (1985)
1640:The build-up to the
1589:Thomas McKinnon Wood
1319:Sir William Anderson
1089:Sir Joseph Whitworth
907:Marc Isambard Brunel
377:(an offshoot of the
357:The Royal Laboratory
201:Proof and experiment
176:Purchase of the site
149:Lord Mayor of London
139:. Tower Place was a
3012: /
2864:Factories and Plant
1816:becoming its first
1783:Operation Hurricane
1455:Whitehead torpedoes
1451:explosive materials
1200:Metropolitan Police
1181:In the wake of the
1098:Abel's Laboratory,
443:Royal Brass Foundry
3016:51.4912°N 0.0699°E
2966:series, on YouTube
2698:"Woolwich Arsenal"
2584:, pp. 749–750
2165:Nicholas Hawksmoor
2153:
2124:
2073:
2037:
2006:Royal Arsenal East
1990:Royal Arsenal West
1946:
1911:Royal Arsenal East
1907:Royal Arsenal West
1899:Royal Arsenal East
1891:
1852:
1814:Ford Motor Company
1808:, was used for an
1745:
1732:The final run-down
1507:Capel Lofft Holden
1495:
1474:
1434:
1367:
1351:RN Armament Depots
1335:
1310:
1290:
1246:
1220:
1157:
1103:
1071:
1055:
1014:Battle of Waterloo
970:
942:
876:
845:
810:
783:
755:
711:Repository Grounds
644:
627:
571:
543:military engineers
510:formalized as the
503:
493:The carriage works
463:
424:
383:Greenwich Hospital
367:
335:
278:
182:raid on the Medway
158:Henry Grace à Dieu
135:at Tower Place in
129:
98:Office of Ordnance
51:
3055:Filling factories
2527:on 26 August 2016
2127:Cultural district
2012:numbers, such as
1950:Quality Assurance
1915:Griffin Manor Way
1810:industrial estate
1806:Griffin Manor Way
1689:Nobels Explosives
1662:Filling Factories
1543:Filling Factories
1373:and named it the
1298:Woolwich Dockyard
1075:Royal Gun Factory
890:machine in 1805.
704:Woolwich Garrison
408:fireworks display
397:The Comptroller,
222:Board of Ordnance
153:Woolwich Dockyard
102:Woolwich Dockyard
18:Royal Gun Factory
16:(Redirected from
3122:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2930:
2907:
2898:
2879:
2858:
2849:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2785:"Woolwich Works"
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
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2615:
2614:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2547:Historic England
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2520:. Archived from
2518:City of Plymouth
2515:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2473:
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2457:
2449:
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2320:
2318:
2316:
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2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2276:Baigent, Peter.
2273:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2223:
2220:
2197:Broadwater Green
2169:Michael Richards
2139:' was announced
2092:stop on site, a
2081:listed buildings
1710:V-1 flying bombs
1695:Second World War
1686:
1642:Second World War
1604:
1585:Memorial Plaques
1406:Woolwich Arsenal
1188:Select Committee
927:William Congreve
763:Royal Laboratory
653:William Congreve
399:Royal Laboratory
375:Greenwich Palace
308:artillery pieces
21:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3050:Engineering ROF
3030:
3029:
3021:51.4912; 0.0699
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2999:
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2296:
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2284:
2274:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2239:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2181:
2145:
2129:
2090:Thames Clippers
2065:
2029:
1998:British Library
1791:RAF Aldermaston
1777:, was based at
1753:knitting frames
1734:
1697:
1684:
1676:and another at
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1577:North Kent Line
1559:
1557:Inter-war years
1528:Progress Estate
1517:) and separate
1499:First World War
1487:
1485:First World War
1422:
1402:football league
1359:
1267:percussion caps
1259:shrapnel shells
1238:
1212:
1179:
1047:
1010:
923:Congreve Rocket
897:, with notable
865:Napoleonic wars
861:
837:
775:
700:Woolwich Common
692:
666:war with France
662:
649:
619:
587:
563:
551:Royal Engineers
547:Royal Artillery
520:
495:
477:which inspired
435:private foundry
416:
359:
327:
290:
269:
238:
215:Tower of London
203:
178:
133:domestic warren
118:
109:First World War
94:domestic warren
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2936:External links
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:978-0300187229
2925:
2908:
2899:
2893:
2880:
2859:
2850:
2836:
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2828:
2827:
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2775:
2750:
2738:
2736:, p. 1031
2726:
2724:, p. 1027
2714:
2689:
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2638:, p. 1449
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2391:978-0300187229
2390:
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2144:
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2137:Woolwich Works
2128:
2125:
2077:Berkeley Homes
2064:
2061:
2041:Thames Gateway
2028:
2025:
1984:'s interests.
1927:Beresford Gate
1785:. In 1951 the
1733:
1730:
1696:
1693:
1668:from mainland
1666:aerial bombing
1660:) and the ROF
1607:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1573:standard gauge
1558:
1555:
1519:Naval Ordnance
1486:
1483:
1421:
1418:
1358:
1355:
1315:Earl of Morley
1237:
1234:
1211:
1208:
1178:
1175:
1115:War Department
1111:Frederick Abel
1046:
1043:
1009:
1006:
917:, part of the
911:Henry Maudslay
903:Samuel Bentham
883:installed his
860:
857:
836:
833:
791:convict labour
789:In 1777–1778,
774:
771:
691:
688:
661:
658:
648:
645:
618:
615:
595:Master-General
591:Chief Engineer
586:
583:
562:
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519:
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494:
491:
479:Henry Maudslay
475:Jan Verbruggen
467:Andrew Schalch
415:
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358:
355:
326:
323:
319:
318:
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297:
289:
286:
268:
265:
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205:In 1681, King
202:
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174:
117:
114:
65:in south-east
26:
9:
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2790:
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2748:, p. 113
2747:
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2693:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:Brockley News
2659:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
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2597:
2590:
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2464:
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2439:, p. 507
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2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
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2166:
2162:
2161:John Vanbrugh
2158:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2085:Barratt Homes
2082:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:was based at
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:New Kent Road
1928:
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1920:
1916:
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1900:
1896:
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1779:Fort Halstead
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1632:
1631:Fort Halstead
1628:
1627:anti-aircraft
1624:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1593:joint service
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1551:Waltham Abbey
1548:
1544:
1541:and National
1540:
1535:
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1529:
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1523:Army Ordnance
1520:
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1500:
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1444:
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1399:
1398:Royal Arsenal
1395:
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1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:Armstrong Gun
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:, as well as
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1230:power station
1226:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Armstrong Gun
1189:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:patent rights
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:(1854–1856),
1108:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1039:Waltham Abbey
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1018:James Nasmyth
1015:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:Priddy's Hard
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
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904:
900:
896:
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886:
882:
881:Joseph Bramah
872:
868:
866:
856:
854:
853:Royal Arsenal
850:
841:
832:
830:
826:
822:
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582:
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548:
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539:Royal Warrant
535:
533:
529:
528:Master Gunner
525:
515:
513:
507:
499:
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486:
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457:Verbruggen's
455:
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389:
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379:royal armoury
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315:gun carriages
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186:Prince Rupert
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37:
33:
19:
2997:
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2884:
2863:
2854:
2841:
2820:23 September
2818:. Retrieved
2814:
2804:
2794:23 September
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2753:
2746:Masters 1995
2741:
2729:
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2631:
2626:, p. 91
2624:Masters 1995
2619:
2610:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2560:. Retrieved
2554:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2517:
2505:
2500:, p. 32
2498:Masters 1995
2493:
2482:
2453:
2432:
2423:
2405:Masters 1995
2400:
2377:
2313:. Retrieved
2307:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2251:
2242:
2218:
2154:
2130:
2102:
2098:public house
2074:
2045:
2038:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:Publications
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:pyrotechnics
1960:, including
1953:
1947:
1941:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1853:
1837:ROF Woolwich
1836:
1834:
1826:Kellner Road
1825:
1821:
1805:
1795:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1746:
1740:
1726:
1718:
1698:
1678:ROF Bridgend
1657:
1645:
1639:
1616:
1579:just beyond
1560:
1536:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1475:
1435:
1410:Arsenal F.C.
1405:
1397:
1394:Isle of Dogs
1385:
1379:
1368:
1344:
1340:gantry crane
1336:
1311:
1291:
1247:
1221:
1210:After Crimea
1180:
1158:
1145:
1130:Alfred Nobel
1104:
1099:
1074:
1072:
1059:machine shop
1056:
1011:
1002:
986:Upnor Castle
972:From 1808, "
971:
943:
918:
892:
877:
862:
852:
846:
821:River Thames
818:
811:
788:
784:
762:
756:
740:
727:new barracks
723:
708:
693:
663:
650:
628:
607:
588:
579:
572:
536:
521:
511:
508:
504:
487:
464:
448:
442:
425:
398:
396:
368:
344:
336:
320:
291:
279:
260:
258:
239:
219:
204:
179:
163:
156:
145:Martin Bowes
137:Old Woolwich
130:
106:
54:
52:
39:
36:Arsenal F.C.
3019: /
2768:27 February
2407:, p. 6
2173:James Wyatt
2027:Present day
1942:Building 22
1903:Frog Island
1895:Frog Island
1741:Building 19
1674:ROF Chorley
1646:Frog Island
1569:locomotives
1430:Thames Path
1386:Dial Square
1329:Testing an
1183:Crimean War
1146:Building 20
1142:James Dewar
1107:Crimean War
1100:Building 20
951:James Wyatt
947:foundations
744:Grand Depôt
670:Field Train
461:at Woolwich
71:manufacture
3034:Categories
3004:51°29′28″N
2734:Hogg 1963b
2722:Hogg 1963b
2685:Hogg 1963b
2636:Hogg 1963b
2582:Hogg 1963b
2476:Hogg 1963a
2437:Hogg 1963a
2335:Hogg 1963b
2210:References
2157:architects
2053:Repository
1982:Royal Navy
1962:explosives
1919:chain link
1901:. The old
1864:Thamesmead
1822:Nathan Way
1764:Korean War
1479:metallurgy
1396:. Renamed
1388:after the
1286:BL 6" guns
1084:knighthood
994:Mount Wise
978:Portsmouth
955:warehouses
901:including
849:George III
767:commission
680:Conductors
599:commission
532:artificers
439:Moorfields
388:cartridges
301:small arms
261:The Warren
207:Charles II
155:where the
87:explosives
79:ammunition
30:See also:
3007:0°04′12″E
2562:23 August
2531:23 August
2287:22 August
2109:Crossrail
2094:Streetcar
1986:QAD (Ord)
1970:QAD (Ord)
1940:The vast
1800:(40
1789:moved to
1760:stockings
1716:rockets.
1701:the Blitz
1635:Aberporth
1461:in 1911.
1390:workshops
1371:Plumstead
1166:hydraulic
1126:guncotton
982:Devonport
899:engineers
799:Plumstead
555:mobilized
371:tilt-yard
254:gunpowder
250:saltpetre
246:fireworks
211:fire-shot
75:armaments
3105:Woolwich
2913:Woolwich
2707:9 August
2378:Woolwich
2315:6 August
2179:See also
2106:Woolwich
2018:Belmarsh
1976:and the
1958:materiel
1860:new town
1755:for the
1513:and the
1459:Greenock
1382:football
1122:chemical
1033:and the
915:sawmills
885:patented
549:and the
339:Ordnance
242:Deptford
232:design.
90:research
83:proofing
63:Woolwich
2833:Sources
1830:Chemist
1566:railway
1547:Enfield
1443:lyddite
1439:Marshes
1255:bullets
1198:of the
1138:cordite
1118:Chemist
1031:Enfield
990:Chatham
984:and in
888:planing
736:Chatham
715:Rotunda
524:gunners
431:foundry
276:storage
2923:
2891:
2388:
1878:, the
1874:, the
1870:, the
1818:tenant
1812:; the
1749:wagons
1670:Europe
1650:design
1549:, and
1532:Eltham
1275:shells
1161:retort
931:rocket
392:shells
347:proved
230:mortar
85:, and
67:London
59:Thames
2525:(PDF)
2514:(PDF)
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1563:steam
1530:- at
1263:fuzes
988:near
829:piers
814:canal
795:brick
675:cadre
483:lathe
170:butts
166:prove
141:Tudor
2921:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2822:2019
2796:2019
2770:2017
2709:2018
2564:2016
2533:2016
2386:ISBN
2317:2018
2289:2020
2159:Sir
2014:E135
2002:MQAD
1964:and
1954:MQAD
1923:A206
1824:and
1787:AWRE
1757:silk
1712:and
1705:fuze
1658:ROFs
1521:and
1468:The
1273:and
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863:The
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