51:
543:
1833:
534:, but soon after was forced to flee to Saxony, when the Mainz citizens revolted. This presented a problem, since the Saxon duchy was cut off from his Swabian homelands by the king's Salian territory. Moreover, the pope avoided taking sides and adopted a waiting attitude. Rudolf was accused of greed, treason and usurpation by Henry's liensmen, while his own support crumbled.
583:
on 7 August 1078 proved indecisive: though the opposition forces under Otto of
Nordheim were victorious, the troops of Berthold and Welf were stuck in a peasants' revolt. Rudolf found it difficult to convince the Saxons to fight beyond their borders; they viewed him as a southerner and distrusted
584:
him. He was also frustrated by the apparent reluctance of the pope to recognize his cause. In order to gain and maintain supporters, he was forced to grant large parts of the crown lands, as well as those of the church, to his followers. Nevertheless, things seemed to be improving in 1080. The
603:, where he died the next day and was buried. The majority of the support for the rebellion against Henry IV soon evaporated, but the struggle continued on in effect into 1085, with a final flare up in 1088 under Rudolph's successor, the second anti-king,
370:
against the insurgents. However, after the joint victory, Rudolf became estranged to the king and rumours occurred that he was involved in adversarial conspiracies. Empress Agnes repeatedly had to arbitrate between the parties.
599:. The battle, which took place on 14 October 1080, would have been a huge victory for the anti-royalists. However, Rudolf lost his right hand in the battle and was mortally wounded in the abdomen. He withdrew to nearby
426:. By doing penance, Henry managed to achieve absolution, buying time at the price of his reputation and secular authority. The rebels continued with their plans. Rudolf was elected
398:, had to face a massive loss of support among the German nobles and realized that he had to achieve the lifting of his ban. Pope Gregory agreed to meet with the princes at
1898:
492:
809:
669:
1557:
1816:
984:
1868:
256:
748:
Creber, Alison (22 April 2019). "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble
Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany".
1893:
1550:
354:. When Henry came of age in 1065, he continued the policies of his father against the reluctant Saxon nobility, sparking the
312:
112:
320:
116:
17:
390:
in order to decide on a course of action and to arrange a new election. Henry, observing the proceedings from his camp in
1740:
588:(27 January 1080) went well in his favor. On 7 March, the pope excommunicated Henry again and recognized Rudolf as king.
1707:
1347:
1327:
1307:
977:
878:
579:
The next year Henry waged a successful campaign to
Bavaria, while Pope Gregory rejected to excommunicate Rudolf. The
1888:
1735:
1543:
1352:
1342:
1312:
1199:
531:
339:
1372:
1322:
1164:
1794:
1430:
1392:
1387:
1367:
1268:
347:
300:
209:. After a series of armed conflicts, Rudolf succumbed to his injuries after his forces defeated Henry's in the
1697:
1519:
1445:
1382:
1377:
1357:
1332:
1317:
1297:
1253:
1130:
1125:
710:
355:
295:, consort of late Henry III, appointed Rudolf Swabian duke and administrator of Burgundy. Rivalling with the
240:
194:
816:
1685:
1680:
1620:
1362:
1337:
1258:
1184:
1135:
1120:
1115:
970:
843:
Europäische
Stammtafeln. Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten. Neue Folge Band XII, Schwaben
367:
186:
1903:
1625:
1194:
1159:
1110:
623:
569:
1580:
1486:
1402:
1285:
954:
649:
641:
551:
484:
147:
1274:
854:
T. Struve, 'Das Bild des Gegenkönigs Rudolf von
Schwaben in der zeitgenössischen Historiographie,’ in
1514:
1495:
1476:
1243:
264:
252:
1878:
1600:
1454:
1280:
937:
507:
288:
248:
315:. Rudolf demanded, and received, Matilda's hand in marriage (1059). In 1061 Berthold received the
1670:
1566:
1075:
993:
628:
580:
497:
375:
359:
198:
134:
503:
1883:
1435:
1204:
632:
448:
had been crowned. The first anti-king in the history of the Empire, he promised to respect the
324:
304:
268:
1858:
1755:
1221:
1169:
637:
573:
139:
296:
1863:
1750:
1590:
1467:
1421:
1302:
1232:
1209:
1179:
701:
619:
604:
585:
472:
343:
232:
210:
129:
50:
8:
1873:
1712:
1248:
1238:
1226:
1064:
1035:
1020:
1006:
480:
476:
445:
101:
90:
1837:
1658:
1630:
1615:
1263:
1154:
1091:
1055:
423:
316:
308:
202:
847:
E. Hlawitschka, 'Zur
Herkunft und zu den Seitenverwandten des Gegenkönigs Rudolf,’ in
615:
With his second wife, Adelaide, Rudolf had at least four (and perhaps five) children:
1787:
1767:
1745:
1585:
1096:
1025:
874:
765:
511:
488:
457:
358:
in 1073. While other princes like the
Carinthian duke Berthold of Zähringen or Duke
342:
could further strengthen their position against the
Imperial authority. In the 1062
1702:
1691:
1605:
1291:
1189:
1069:
1015:
858:, ed. K. Herbers, H. H. Kortüm, C. Servatius (Sigmaringen, 1991), pp. 459–475.
757:
596:
519:
515:
386:
in
February 1076, Duke Rudolf met with Berthold, Welf and several other princes in
383:
351:
328:
276:
272:
422:, where Gregory, fearing an armed attack by Henry's forces, had found refuge with
1719:
1675:
1635:
1610:
1148:
1040:
1030:
523:
441:
419:
410:
Already in
January, Henry hastened to see the pope on his way to the Empire from
379:
332:
292:
222:
716:
542:
1761:
1664:
1174:
1105:
1081:
944:
856:
Ex ipsis rerum documentis. Festschrift fĂĽr Harald Zimmermann zum 65. Geburtstag
335:
married Henry IV in 1066, Rudolf became brother-in-law to the king twice over.
236:
182:
178:
42:
86:
1852:
1505:
903:
in W. Schwenenbecher, ed., MGH Libelli, 2 (Hannover, 1892), pp. 184–284.
769:
761:
1782:
1050:
1001:
897:, ed., W. Eberhard, MGH Script. rer. Germ. 58 (Hannover and Leipzig, 1899).
592:
465:
1535:
319:
instead. When Matilda died in 1060, Rudolf subsequently, in 1066, married
1772:
1215:
449:
432:
555:
1524:
554:
and attempted to rectify his situation by stalking Henry's forces near
244:
962:
307:, had taken advantage of the minority of Agnes' son Henry IV, elected
27:
Elected anti-king in 1077 in opposition to the Salian emperor Henry IV
1595:
600:
453:
437:
427:
418:
passes closed, nevertheless the king through wintry weather made his
391:
363:
190:
851:, ed. S. Weinfurter with H. Kluger (Sigmaringen, 1991), pp. 175-220.
558:, but to little effect. Meanwhile, he was deprived of Swabia by the
1832:
1411:
849:
Die Salier und das Reich, vol. 1: Salier, Adel und Reichsverfassung
399:
181:
from 1057 to 1079. Initially a follower of his brother-in-law, the
873:(in German). Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchgesellschaft. pp. 35–277.
1799:
560:
461:
387:
260:
527:
395:
350:
even abducted the minor king to enforce the surrender of the
362:
distanced themselves, Rudolf supported Henry's campaigns in
1777:
415:
411:
227:
206:
706:
Scriptores (in Folio) 6: Chronica et annales aevi Salici.
565:
871:
Bertholds und Bernolds Chroniken. Lateinisch und deutsch
460:. Further claims raised by the princes were rejected as
235:. He was first mentioned in a 1048 deed issued by the
836:
Kaiserin Agnes (1043-1077). Quellenkritische Studien
1850:
652:(the identity of Berthold's mother is disputed)
591:Emboldened, Rudolf's forces met Henry's at the
530:, where on 25 May he was crowned by Archbishop
1899:11th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
1817:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma
526:may also have taken part. Rudolf proceeded to
255:. Rudolf's family had large possessions up to
1551:
978:
800:(Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 167n.
471:The men who elected Rudolf were Archbishops
197:and the first phase of open conflict in the
1565:
1558:
1544:
985:
971:
366:, when he was a primary force in the 1075
49:
291:died without male heirs in 1057, Empress
868:
541:
243:as a count in the Swabian Sisgau on the
992:
568:in May, and the king gave the duchy to
257:Sankt Blasien Abbey in the Black Forest
14:
1851:
901:Liber de unitate ecclesiae conservanda
747:
1539:
966:
55:Bronze graveslab, Merseburg Cathedral
414:. Duke Rudolf attempted to have the
346:, several princes led by Archbishop
1741:Church and state in medieval Europe
193:in 1077 marked the outbreak of the
24:
267:. He probably was related to King
25:
1915:
1708:Norman conquest of southern Italy
891:, MGH Diplomata 5 (Berlin, 1931).
282:
1869:11th-century Kings of the Romans
1831:
640:, Countess of KellmĂĽnz, married
456:, as well as the concept of the
340:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
887:H. Bresslau and P. Kehr, eds.,
674:, no. 219 (1 June 1048), p. 292
518:, former duke of Bavaria. Duke
323:(d. 1079), a daughter of Count
1795:Separation of church and state
803:
798:Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106
790:
777:
736:
723:
698:Ekkehardi Uraugiensis chronica
691:
678:
663:
550:Rudolf gave Swabia to his son
251:), an estate then held by the
13:
1:
917:
895:Vita Heinrici IV. imperatoris
869:Robinson, Ian Stuart (2002).
828:
811:Vita Heinrici IV. imperatoris
711:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
537:
378:broke out and King Henry was
171:
64:
1894:11th-century dukes in Europe
1686:First Council of the Lateran
1621:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
405:
7:
1681:First Battle of Langensalza
1626:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
338:During Agnes' regency, the
311:, by kidnapping his sister
263:beyond the border with the
10:
1920:
1581:Atto (archbishop of Milan)
1487:North German Confederation
1403:Confederation of the Rhine
889:Die Urkunden Heinrichs III
862:
818:Liber de unitate ecclesiae
672:Die Urkunden Heinrichs III
642:Ulrich X, Count of Bregenz
546:Royal seal of Rudolf, 1079
485:Burchard II of Halberstadt
221:Rudolf was the son of the
1826:
1808:
1728:
1698:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
1649:
1573:
1504:
1485:
1466:
1444:
1420:
1401:
1090:
1049:
1000:
951:
942:
934:
909:
394:on the other side of the
331:. When Adelaide's sister
253:Prince-Bishopric of Basel
189:, his election as German
157:
122:
108:
96:
73:
60:
48:
41:
34:
1601:Gotofredo da Castiglione
1455:Archduke John of Austria
708:Hanover, 1844, pp. 198 (
656:
624:Berthold II of Zähringen
610:
514:and Rudolf himself; and
508:Berthold II of Carinthia
430:on 15 March 1077 at the
249:Northwestern Switzerland
1889:Investiture Controversy
1671:Donation of Constantine
1567:Investiture Controversy
744:Europäische Stammtafeln
731:Europäische Stammtafeln
650:Berthold of Rheinfelden
629:Adelaide of Rheinfelden
581:Battle of Mellrichstadt
376:Investiture Controversy
303:, Rudolf, according to
216:
199:Investiture Controversy
177:– 15 October 1080) was
148:Berthold of Rheinfelden
135:Adelaide of Rheinfelden
1838:Catholicism portal
911:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
633:Ladislaus I of Hungary
547:
305:Frutolf of Michelsberg
269:Rudolph II of Burgundy
1756:Divine right of kings
1641:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
762:10.1093/gerhis/ghy108
638:Bertha of Rheinfelden
545:
368:Battle of Langensalza
168:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
140:Bertha of Rheinfelden
36:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
1751:College of Cardinals
1591:Antipope Clement III
1468:German Confederation
1422:German Confederation
834:M. Black-Veldtrupp,
702:Georg Heinrich Pertz
620:Agnes of Rheinfelden
605:Herman of Luxembourg
586:battle of Flarchheim
504:Adalbero of WĂĽrzburg
493:Adalbert II of Worms
473:Siegfried I of Mainz
452:solely according to
344:Coup of Kaiserswerth
211:Battle on the Elster
130:Agnes of Rheinfelden
18:Rudolf von Rheinfeld
1007:Carolingian dynasty
994:Monarchs of Germany
704:et al. (ed.):
670:Bresslau and Kehr,
481:Gebhard of Salzburg
477:Werner of Magdeburg
446:Conrad I of Germany
265:Kingdom of Burgundy
161:Kuno of Rheinfelden
102:Merseburg Cathedral
91:Saxon Eastern March
1904:Great Saxon Revolt
1659:Concordat of Worms
1631:Matilda of Tuscany
1616:Henry I of England
1092:Kingdom of Germany
1056:Kingdom of Germany
570:Frederick of Stauf
548:
424:Matilda of Tuscany
402:in February 1077.
348:Anno II of Cologne
317:Duchy of Carinthia
309:King of the Romans
289:Otto III of Swabia
195:Great Saxon Revolt
1846:
1845:
1788:Donation of Pepin
1768:Holy Roman Empire
1746:Clerical celibacy
1586:Pope Callixtus II
1533:
1532:
1459:
1458:(Imperial Regent)
1097:Holy Roman Empire
1026:Louis the Younger
961:
960:
952:Succeeded by
796:Ian S. Robinson,
783:Black-Veldtrupp,
684:Black-Veldtrupp,
646:Otto (died young)
512:Welf I of Bavaria
489:Altmann of Passau
464:by the attendant
458:elective monarchy
374:Finally when the
321:Adelaide of Savoy
313:Matilda of Swabia
273:Dukes of Lorraine
165:
164:
117:Adelaide of Savoy
113:Matilda of Swabia
16:(Redirected from
1911:
1836:
1835:
1703:Gregorian Reform
1692:In nomine Domini
1606:Pope Gregory VII
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1457:
1016:Louis the German
987:
980:
973:
964:
963:
949:1057–1079
935:Preceded by
930:
923:
922:
919:
907:
906:
884:
841:D. Schwennicke,
838:(Cologne, 1995).
822:
807:
801:
794:
788:
781:
775:
773:
740:
734:
727:
721:
719:
695:
689:
682:
676:
667:
597:Battle of Elster
520:Magnus of Saxony
516:Otto of Northeim
501:
440:, where already
384:Pope Gregory VII
352:Imperial Regalia
329:Adelaide of Susa
277:Ottonian dynasty
259:and down to the
247:(in present-day
176:
173:
104:
83:
81:
69:
66:
53:
32:
31:
21:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1879:Dukes of Swabia
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1830:
1822:
1804:
1724:
1720:Walk to Canossa
1676:Excommunication
1651:
1645:
1636:Pope Paschal II
1611:Guido da Velate
1569:
1564:
1534:
1529:
1500:
1481:
1462:
1440:
1416:
1397:
1264:Frederick (III)
1095:
1086:
1054:
1045:
1041:Louis the Child
1031:Charles the Fat
1005:
996:
991:
957:
948:
940:
929:15 October 1080
924:
920:
913:
912:
881:
865:
831:
826:
825:
808:
804:
795:
791:
782:
778:
741:
737:
728:
724:
717:198 digitalised
715:
696:
692:
683:
679:
668:
664:
659:
631:, married King
613:
540:
524:Udo II of Stade
495:
442:Louis the Child
420:Walk to Canossa
408:
360:Welf of Bavaria
356:Saxon Rebellion
333:Bertha of Savoy
285:
219:
174:
153:
115:
100:
85:
84:15 October 1080
79:
77:
67:
56:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1917:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1762:Dominium mundi
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1665:Dictatus papae
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1477:Franz Joseph I
1473:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:Lothair II/III
1162:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
998:
997:
990:
989:
982:
975:
967:
959:
958:
953:
950:
945:Duke of Swabia
941:
936:
932:
931:
910:
905:
904:
898:
892:
885:
879:
864:
861:
860:
859:
852:
845:
839:
830:
827:
824:
823:
813:, ch. 4, p. 17
802:
789:
785:Kaiserin Agnes
776:
756:(2): 149–171.
750:German History
735:
722:
690:
686:Kaiserin Agnes
677:
661:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
647:
644:
635:
626:
612:
609:
539:
536:
407:
404:
380:excommunicated
284:
283:Duke of Swabia
281:
271:(d. 937), the
218:
215:
179:Duke of Swabia
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
145:
142:
137:
132:
126:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
98:
94:
93:
75:
71:
70:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
43:Duke of Swabia
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1916:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:House of Welf
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Frederick III
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:German Empire
1503:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:German Empire
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Ferdinand III
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Maximilian II
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Frederick III
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
983:
981:
976:
974:
969:
968:
965:
956:
947:
946:
939:
933:
928:
916:
908:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
886:
882:
880:3-534-01428-6
876:
872:
867:
866:
857:
853:
850:
846:
844:
840:
837:
833:
832:
821:
819:
814:
812:
806:
799:
793:
786:
780:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:, table 95A;
745:
742:Schwennicke,
739:
732:
729:Schwennicke,
726:
718:
713:
712:
707:
703:
699:
694:
687:
681:
675:
673:
666:
662:
651:
648:
645:
643:
639:
636:
634:
630:
627:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
608:
606:
602:
598:
595:river in the
594:
589:
587:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:
557:
553:
544:
535:
533:
529:
525:
522:and Margrave
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:papal legates
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
325:Otto of Savoy
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
169:
160:
156:
149:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
76:
72:
63:
59:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1859:1020s births
1815:
1783:Papal States
1760:
1713:Sack of Rome
1690:
1663:
1640:
1353:Ferdinand IV
1343:Ferdinand II
1313:Maximilian I
1290:
1273:
1231:
1216:Henry (VIII)
1214:
1200:Frederick II
1155:Conrad (III)
1147:
1141:
1140:
1074:
1051:East Francia
1002:East Francia
943:
926:
914:
900:
894:
888:
870:
855:
848:
842:
835:
817:
810:
805:
797:
792:
784:
779:
753:
749:
743:
738:
730:
725:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
680:
671:
665:
614:
593:White Elster
590:
578:
574:Hohenstaufen
572:, the first
559:
549:
470:
431:
409:
373:
337:
286:
226:
220:
167:
166:
29:
1864:1080 deaths
1773:Investiture
1508:(1871–1918)
1489:(1867–1871)
1470:(1850–1866)
1448:(1848/1849)
1436:Ferdinand I
1424:(1815–1848)
1405:(1806–1813)
1373:Charles VII
1323:Ferdinand I
1205:Henry (VII)
1180:Frederick I
921: 1025
733:, table 12.
532:Siegfried I
496: [
450:investiture
433:Kaiserpfalz
233:Rheinfelden
175: 1025
87:Hohenmölsen
68: 1025
1874:Anti-kings
1853:Categories
1652:and events
1525:William II
1412:Napoleon I
1393:Francis II
1388:Leopold II
1368:Charles VI
1281:Wenceslaus
1269:Charles IV
1175:Henry (VI)
1170:Conrad III
1099:(962–1806)
1094:within the
1004:during the
955:Berthold I
829:References
622:, married
538:Later life
483:; Bishops
287:When Duke
245:High Rhine
231:) Kuno of
150:(disputed)
80:1080-10-15
1736:Canon law
1650:Documents
1596:Erlembald
1515:William I
1496:William I
1431:Francis I
1383:Joseph II
1378:Francis I
1358:Leopold I
1333:Rudolf II
1318:Charles V
1303:Albert II
1298:Sigismund
1254:Henry VII
1210:Conrad IV
1131:Henry III
1126:Conrad II
1058:(919–962)
1053:(911–919)
1009:(843–911)
787:, p. 304.
770:0266-3554
688:, p. 109.
601:Merseburg
454:canon law
438:Forchheim
428:anti-king
406:Anti-king
392:Oppenheim
364:Thuringia
297:Zähringen
241:Henry III
191:anti-king
109:Spouse(s)
1809:See also
1729:Concepts
1363:Joseph I
1338:Matthias
1259:Louis IV
1249:Albert I
1239:Rudolf I
1185:Henry VI
1136:Henry IV
1121:Henry II
1116:Otto III
1065:Conrad I
1021:Carloman
938:Otto III
564:diet at
556:WĂĽrzburg
552:Berthold
506:; Dukes
400:Augsburg
301:Berthold
275:and the
239:emperor
201:between
187:Henry IV
185:emperor
1275:GĂĽnther
1233:Alfonso
1227:Richard
1222:William
1195:Otto IV
1160:Henry V
1149:Hermann
1111:Otto II
1070:Henry I
863:Sources
820:, I 13.
576:ruler.
225:count (
223:Swabian
203:Emperor
1800:Simony
1778:Papacy
1574:People
1286:Rupert
1190:Philip
1142:Rudolf
1106:Otto I
1082:Otto I
1076:Arnulf
1036:Arnulf
925:
877:
768:
700:. In:
561:Hoftag
462:simony
416:Alpine
388:Trebur
299:count
261:Aargau
237:Salian
207:Papacy
183:Salian
158:Father
97:Buried
1292:Jobst
1244:Adolf
927:Died:
915:Born:
657:Notes
611:Issue
528:Mainz
500:]
396:Rhine
293:Agnes
123:Issue
875:ISBN
766:ISSN
502:and
479:and
444:and
412:Rome
327:and
228:Graf
217:Life
205:and
144:Otto
74:Died
61:Born
758:doi
566:Ulm
436:in
382:by
1855::
918:c.
815:;
764:.
754:37
752:.
720:)
714:,
607:.
510:,
498:de
491:,
487:,
475:,
468:.
279:.
213:.
172:c.
89:,
65:c.
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
986:e
979:t
972:v
883:.
774:.
772:.
760::
170:(
82:)
78:(
20:)
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