283:, and a dispirited American force that nevertheless outnumbered the British and First Nations. Intercepting American dispatches from Fort Detroit, Brock judged the morale of the American garrison to be low, and that the American general had a fear of First Nations in particular. Brock arranged for misleading letters to fall into American hands, stating an inflated figure of 5,000 First Nations warriors were already in
234:. Zhuge Liang sat upon the walls of the cities, his men far outnumbered by the Wei army which was advancing toward him. Zhuge Liang sat upon the walls and played his instrument, seemingly calm and composed, tricking Sima Yi into thinking that the Shu troops had hidden in the surrounding area for an ambush. Zhuge Liang was able to quickly flee the area as the Wei retreated.
199:, into a false sense of security in the belief that his whole army was searching for a ford. Then, under the cover of night Alexander marched a contingent of his men upriver and crossed the Indus, while his remaining forces marched south to their camp as they usually did. This feint allowed Alexander to hide his troops' location and win the
503:, including flying German colours and replying to signal challenges by giving misleading replies in German. These measures were all designed to buy time for the attacking force. When these tactics ceased to be effective and German shore batteries opened fire in earnest, all the British ships lowered their German colours and hoisted
291:
The force at my disposal authorizes me to require the immediate surrender of
Detroit. It is far from my intention to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops, will be beyond my control the moment the contest
305:
To further the illusion that a large First
Nations force was attached with Brock's force, Tecumseh extended his men, and marched them three times through an opening in the woods at the rear of the fort in full view of the fort. Brock similarly dressed members of the
174:. After the Trojans pulled what they believed was a parting gift within the walls of the city, soldiers that had hidden inside the hollow horse during the previous night emerged and opened the city's gates, allowing the awaiting army to enter the city.
811:
The line of demarcation between legitimate ruses and forbidden acts of perfidy is sometimes indistinct. In general, it would be an improper practice to secure an advantage over the enemy by deliberate lying or misleading conduct which involves a
333:
calls, cheers and Indian war whoops, in a ruse to make the
Americans believe that they were about to be enveloped. Fearing themselves outnumbered and about to be outflanked, Brigadier-General
38:
against one's opponent; the second emphasizes acts against one's opponent by creative, clever, unorthodox means, sometimes involving force multipliers or superior knowledge. The term
835:
had been agreed upon when such is not the case would be treacherous. Abuse of the protections afforded to medical personnel (by disguising combat soldiers as medics, or by putting a
356:'s General Order No. 13 of 1865 was retracted after it was determined that his criticism of Brigadier-General McLaughlin was based on "nothing more than the obvious result of those
848:
747:, since the boarding and capture of enemy vessels was quite common during that time, and information about the current ownership of vessels was not easy to disseminate rapidly.
529:, provided his troops took off their American uniforms, and put on German uniforms, prior to firing their weapons. Skorzeny was acquitted by a United States military court in
1183:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 64. Conclusion of an Agreement to Suspend Combat with the Intention of Attacking by Surprise the Adversary Relying on It"
446:
were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.
459:, which had been taken out of reserve shortly after the outbreak of war for use as a troop transport but then converted to a repair ship, was fitted with dummy wooden
287:, to simulate a larger First Nations force had attached themselves to his army. Prior to the siege, Brock also sent a letter demanding for surrender to Hull, stating:
1151:"Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907"
788:
provides that: "It is especially forbidden....(b) To kill or wound treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army....(f) To make improper use of a
189:
sent a herald with a message for the opposing commander. That was a trick aiming to locate
Eumenes's ship so that Hannibal could concentrate his forces against it.
592:. In general, a belligerent may resort to those measures for mystifying or misleading the enemy against which the enemy ought to take measures to protect itself.
34:, is a non-uniform term; generally what is understood by "ruse of war" can be separated into two groups. The first classifies the phrase purely as an act of
560:
According to the rules of war, good faith in dealing with the enemy must be observed as a rule of conduct, but this does not prevent measures such as using
851:
in a combat zone by firing a weapon at
American soldiers from an enemy ambulance displaying such emblem." The verdict and sentence were upheld on appeal.
310:
as
British regulars, and instructed soldiers to light individual fires instead of one fire per unit, thereby creating the illusion of a much larger army.
1037:
1065:
813:
618:
use of small forces to simulate large units (for example, inducing an enemy unit to surrender by pretending that it is surrounded by a large force);
442:
on top of her radio room to disguise her as a
British cruiser, most of which were equipped with four funnels. During First and Second World Wars,
731:, provided the belligerent raises their own flag to drop the disguise, prior to firing their guns. The Germans took steps to disguise their
1312:
113:, false radio messages, the use of spies and the use of dummy guns, are considered legitimate as long as they do not involve treachery or
1150:
481:
successfully impersonated a force of two battleships using false signals traffic, as part of a decoy mission against
Italian forces.
839:
on a combat vehicle) is also considered unacceptable. In August 1946, a German soldier, Heinz
Hagendorf, was found guilty by a U.S.
1154:
727:
disguising a warship to appear to be one of the warships of one's opponent has traditionally been considered to be a legitimate
760:
on the part of the belligerent resorting to them. They are, however, forbidden if they contravene any generally accepted rule.
413:
318:
1002:
969:
931:
1091:
1018:
808:
of the Geneva
Conventions expanded the rules of prohibiting certain type of ruses as defined in Articles 37, 38, and 39.
1196:
1137:"Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries – CCW Protocol (II) prohibiting Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices, 1980"
256:
525:. Skorzeny later reported that he was told by experts in military law that wearing American uniforms was a defensible
427:, who stated that "the United States cannot be made a party to a ruse of war where the national colors are involved".
700:
1305:
1267:
881:
417:
688:, provided the belligerent raises their own flag to break the deception before firing their guns. This was called
533:
in 1947, after his defense counsel argued that the "wearing of American uniforms was a legitimate ruse of war for
1259:
which concerns military strategems. In common with Frontinus' work (see above), the title is sometimes given as
121:
and similar traps can be considered perfidious under the rules in certain circumstances. Explicitly prohibited
903:
208:
645:
deceptive supply movements (which might make the enemy think you are preparing for action when you're not);
338:
1019:"FROM CITY POINT.; Gen. Meade's Order Correction A Ruse de Guerre Coming Events Ominous Clouds Gathering."
1479:
1298:
1464:
1357:
1168:
1092:"Court Holds Former SS Officer and Seven Aides Did Not Violate the Rules of War During Battle of Bulge"
349:
313:
Use of deception to mask an inferior force was also used in another battle during the War of 1812, the
1197:"United States v. Hagendorf, Judgment, N/A (U.S. Intermed. Gov. Ct. (Dachau, Germany), Aug. 09, 1946)"
1169:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 65. Perfidy, Section D. Simulation of surrender"
732:
684:, or a merchant vessel on the side of one's opponent, has traditionally been considered a legitimate
454:
65:
are described from ancient to modern times, both in semi-mythical accounts such as the story of the
1287:, English title of a Chinese book concerning stratagems which have military and civil applications.
782:
756:
Further, according to the rules of war, ruses of war are legitimate so long as they do not involve
450:
128:
79:, and in well-documented events such as the flying of the American flag by the British ocean liner
580:
population, corrupting enemy civilians or soldiers by bribes, or inducing the enemy's soldiers to
663:
removing unit identifications (but not those that identify the belligerent while in combat) from
736:
721:
488:
377:
276:
1182:
1122:
994:
987:
1369:
1283:
670:
632:
deception of the enemy by bogus orders purporting to have been issued by the enemy commander;
609:
471:
314:
1038:"Japanese Ruse That Failed.; Togo Tried to Make Believe He Was Chasing Vladivostok Squadron"
391:
1335:
825:
585:
435:
322:
660:
erection of dummy installations and airfields (to intimidate or encourage useless attack);
8:
1429:
1364:
1350:
522:
485:
326:
221:
192:
1321:
1042:
1023:
543:
492:
386:
381:
345:
330:
200:
35:
1424:
1223:
998:
965:
927:
897:
840:
801:
706:
1136:
695:. Both sides during the world wars used this tactic, most famously the Royal Navy's
1469:
817:
797:
475:
431:
361:
307:
248:
962:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
744:
681:
518:
409:
196:
87:
20:
1444:
1394:
1340:
1246:
1228:
334:
230:
868:
Creative Stratagems: Creative and Systems Thinking in Handling Social Conflict
1458:
844:
793:
530:
514:
500:
496:
439:
398:
80:
43:
1271:, English title of a Chinese book compiled between the 3rd to 1st centuries
1474:
1418:
1066:"Washington Officials Silent; Lusitania Use of Flag Denounced in the House"
691:
573:
565:
504:
424:
360:, by which the very best officers may, at times, be victimized", after the
353:
272:
195:
walked his men up and down a river continuously to condition his opponent,
171:
100:
66:
654:
moving landmarks (to confuse the enemy operating in unfamiliar territory);
847:
and sentenced to six months imprisonment for having "wrongfully used the
713:
517:
led his troops wearing American uniforms to infiltrate American lines in
420:
298:
284:
260:
252:
213:
1239:, which concerns military stratagems drawn from Greek and Roman history.
1345:
805:
789:
740:
739:
cruisers during the Second World War. This tactic was also used by the
460:
365:
178:
163:
132:
1123:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 57. Ruses of War"
321:
were initially outflanked and falling back, before Lieutenant-Colonel
90:) to deter attack by German submarines; they also feature in fiction.
1290:
1256:
1236:
836:
832:
626:
615:
simulating quiet and inactivity (to lull the enemy into complacency);
589:
581:
569:
534:
405:
118:
884:. history-world.org. Archived from the original on November 27, 2005
642:
pretending to communicate with nonexistent troops or reinforcements;
636:
577:
538:
511:
464:
268:
186:
182:
166:
pretended to give up their fruitless ten-year siege of the city of
757:
677:
664:
443:
280:
264:
225:
217:
114:
463:
fore and aft to resemble an old battleship after her arrival in
1404:
696:
605:
110:
75:
70:
1399:
1250:
821:
622:
499:
employed several legitimate ruses during their voyage up the
158:
149:
103:. Good faith is required, but at least 17 different types of
52:
46:
390:
as "a clever ruse of war to entice the Russian ships out of
337:
called off the American advance, withdrawing his forces to
271:, used bluff and deception to intimidate Brigadier General
167:
153:
1272:
657:
putting up dummy guns and vehicles or laying dummy mines;
561:
434:, the crew of the merchant-raiding German light cruiser
989:
Amateurs to Arms: A military history of the War of 1812
800:
of the enemy, as well as the distinctive badges of the
764:
traps that are attached or associated in any way with:
380:
to lure the Russian fleet out of its harbor during the
828:
to secure an advantage over the opposing belligerent.
948:
Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812.
364:
falsely claimed that it had gained a foothold in the
57:, 'act of generalship'), is also used in this sense.
16:
Strategy or act regarding use of military deception
986:
550:
870:. Kibworth/GB: Modern Society Publishing. (p. 21)
1456:
474:during the Second World War, the fast minelayer
408:to avoid attack by German submarines during the
926:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 51–53.
453:, the former Imperial Japanese Navy battleship
206:As stated in the probably fictional account in
1355:
1306:
1255:), book by the 2nd-century Macedonian author
1374:
1027:, March 31, 1865. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
824:. For example, it is improper to pretend to
122:
104:
94:
60:
24:
1185:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
1171:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
1125:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
1313:
1299:
879:
397:The use of the American flag flown on the
648:deliberate planting of false information;
1155:International Committee of the Red Cross
1117:
1115:
1113:
786:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
86:in 1915 (whilst the United States was a
135:or the military insignia of the enemy.
1457:
1320:
984:
959:
705:used this tactic against the superior
635:making use of the enemy's signals and
414:United States House of Representatives
1294:
1275:. Alternative English titles include
1110:
921:
917:
915:
913:
720:prior to their mutually destructive
170:and sailed away, leaving behind the
30:, sometimes literally translated as
1235:), by the 1st-century Roman author
993:. New York: Da Capo Press. p.
776:
595:
13:
1216:
910:
831:To broadcast to the enemy that an
796:, or of the military insignia and
177:Prior to a naval battle with King
99:is given legal meaning within the
14:
1491:
621:transmitting false or misleading
317:. Outnumbered during battle, the
237:
1277:Strategies of the Warring States
1268:Stratagems of the Warring States
412:was criticized in debate in the
143:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1143:
1129:
1084:
651:use of spies and secret agents;
551:In relation to the rules of war
371:
251:was an early engagement in the
242:
1058:
1030:
1011:
978:
953:
946:Merritt, in Wood, William ed.
940:
873:
860:
1:
854:
770:burial, cremation, or graves;
751:
555:
209:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
712:, disguising herself as the
259:force, led by Major-General
47:
7:
1356:
960:Tucker, Spencer T. (2009).
743:to great effect during the
404:while crossing through the
138:
10:
1496:
1251:
964:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1107.
950:British documents, 3:554.)
680:to appear to be a neutral
600:Legitimate ruses include:
255:, where a smaller British-
131:include improper use of a
53:
1438:
1413:
1387:
1328:
902:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
384:in 1904 was described by
985:Elting, John R. (1995).
922:Coles, Harry L. (1966).
451:Second Sino-Japanese War
162:, the Greeks during the
129:Hague Convention of 1907
127:under article 23 of the
866:Matuszczyk, A. (2012).
767:sick, wounded, or dead;
507:before returning fire.
1375:
1232:
470:In the lead up to the
438:rigged a dummy fourth
378:Imperial Japanese Navy
303:
275:into surrendering the
123:
105:
95:
61:
25:
1370:Psychological warfare
1284:Thirty-Six Stratagems
816:, or when there is a
783:1907 Hague Convention
671:psychological warfare
639:or secret handshakes;
472:First Battle of Sirte
467:on 29 December 1938.
339:Plattsburgh, New York
315:Battle of Chateauguay
289:
1336:Denial and deception
1098:. September 10, 1947
699:. The German raider
323:Charles de Salaberry
1365:Military camouflage
1351:Information warfare
1201:www.worldcourts.com
608:; feigned attacks,
523:Battle of the Bulge
486:Combined Operations
327:Canadian Voltigeurs
222:Empty Fort Strategy
193:Alexander the Great
1480:War crimes by type
1322:Military deception
1096:The New York Times
1072:. February 9, 1915
1070:The New York Times
1043:The New York Times
1024:The New York Times
882:"Ancient Carthage"
781:Article 23 of the
733:pocket battleships
544:The New York Times
541:" as described by
387:The New York Times
382:Russo-Japanese War
346:American Civil War
319:Canadian Fencibles
201:Battle of Hydaspes
36:military deception
1465:Military strategy
1452:
1451:
1004:978-0-3068-0653-7
971:978-1-8510-9672-5
933:978-0-2261-1350-0
841:military tribunal
802:Geneva Convention
376:An effort by the
1487:
1380:
1361:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1254:
1253:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1046:. April 24, 1904
1034:
1028:
1015:
1009:
1008:
992:
982:
976:
975:
957:
951:
944:
938:
937:
919:
908:
907:
901:
893:
891:
889:
880:Charles Rollin.
877:
871:
864:
849:Red Cross emblem
818:moral obligation
798:military uniform
777:Prohibited ruses
716:merchant vessel
596:Legitimate ruses
576:among the enemy
432:Second World War
362:Confederate Army
308:Canadian militia
301:
249:Siege of Detroit
203:in 326 BC.
126:
108:
98:
64:
56:
55:
50:
28:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1434:
1409:
1383:
1324:
1319:
1219:
1217:Further reading
1214:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1016:
1012:
1005:
983:
979:
972:
958:
954:
945:
941:
934:
924:The War of 1812
920:
911:
895:
894:
887:
885:
878:
874:
865:
861:
857:
814:breach of faith
779:
754:
745:Napoleonic Wars
682:merchant vessel
598:
558:
553:
519:Operation Greif
410:First World War
374:
358:ruses de guerre
302:
296:
245:
240:
156:account in the
146:
141:
88:neutral country
62:Ruses de guerre
17:
12:
11:
5:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1445:The Art of War
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Military dummy
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:Ruse de guerre
1372:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Disinformation
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1264:
1240:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1142:
1128:
1109:
1083:
1057:
1029:
1010:
1003:
977:
970:
952:
939:
932:
909:
872:
858:
856:
853:
778:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
768:
753:
750:
749:
748:
729:ruse de guerre
725:
718:Straat Malakka
690:sailing under
686:ruse de guerre
674:
668:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
633:
630:
619:
616:
613:
597:
594:
568:, encouraging
557:
554:
552:
549:
527:ruse de guerre
493:Normandie Dock
461:main batteries
373:
370:
297:Major-General
294:
279:, the town of
244:
241:
239:
238:Modern history
236:
231:The Art of War
145:
142:
140:
137:
96:ruse de guerre
26:ruse de guerre
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1492:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
981:
973:
967:
963:
956:
949:
943:
935:
929:
925:
918:
916:
914:
905:
899:
883:
876:
869:
863:
859:
852:
850:
846:
845:Dachau Trials
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
820:to speak the
819:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:national flag
791:
790:flag of truce
787:
784:
769:
766:
765:
763:
762:
761:
759:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:
704:
703:
698:
694:
693:
687:
683:
679:
676:disguising a
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
631:
628:
624:
620:
617:
614:
612:, or flights;
611:
607:
603:
602:
601:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:secret agents
563:
548:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Otto Skorzeny
513:
508:
506:
505:White Ensigns
502:
501:Loire estuary
498:
497:Saint Nazaire
494:
490:
487:
482:
480:
479:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:
395:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
300:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:First Nations
254:
250:
235:
233:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
148:According to
144:Ancient times
136:
134:
133:flag of truce
130:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
102:
97:
91:
89:
85:
84:
78:
77:
72:
68:
63:
58:
49:
45:
44:Ancient Greek
41:
37:
33:
29:
27:
22:
1443:
1419:World War II
1376:
1282:
1276:
1266:
1261:Strategemata
1260:
1252:Στρατήγηματα
1242:
1233:Strategemata
1222:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1177:
1163:
1145:
1131:
1100:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1022:
1013:
988:
980:
961:
955:
947:
942:
923:
886:. Retrieved
875:
867:
862:
830:
810:
785:
780:
755:
728:
717:
708:
701:
692:false colors
689:
685:
599:
574:insurrection
559:
542:
526:
509:
483:
477:
469:
455:
448:
429:
425:South Dakota
400:
396:
385:
375:
372:20th century
357:
354:George Meade
343:
335:Wade Hampton
312:
304:
290:
273:William Hull
246:
243:19th century
229:
207:
205:
191:
176:
172:Trojan Horse
157:
152:'s somewhat
147:
109:, including
101:rules of war
92:
82:
74:
67:Trojan Horse
59:
39:
31:
23:
18:
888:December 3,
673:activities;
604:surprises;
521:during the
484:The Allied
449:During the
430:During the
421:Eben Martin
392:Port Arthur
344:During the
299:Issac Brock
285:Amherstburg
261:Isaac Brock
253:War of 1812
214:Zhuge Liang
32:ruse of war
1459:Categories
1414:Operations
1358:Maskirovka
1346:False flag
1329:Techniques
1243:Stratagems
1224:Stratagems
1206:2022-10-04
1102:October 3,
1076:October 3,
1050:October 3,
855:References
806:Protocol I
752:No perfidy
741:Royal Navy
722:engagement
707:HMAS
556:Good faith
418:Republican
366:Union Army
292:commences.
220:using the
179:Eumenes II
164:Trojan War
54:στρατήγημα
48:strategema
1430:Bodyguard
1388:Equipment
1257:Polyaenus
1237:Frontinus
837:red cross
833:armistice
826:surrender
792:, of the
637:passwords
629:messages;
627:telephone
586:surrender
570:defection
535:espionage
476:HMS
406:Irish Sea
401:Lusitania
119:Landmines
93:The term
83:Lusitania
40:stratagem
898:cite web
702:Kormoran
665:uniforms
610:retreats
606:ambushes
578:civilian
539:sabotage
512:commando
465:Shanghai
352:General
329:ordered
295:—
269:Tecumseh
216:tricked
187:Hannibal
183:Pergamon
154:mythical
139:Examples
111:ambushes
1470:Tactics
1425:Bertram
1017:Staff.
843:at the
758:perfidy
697:Q ships
678:warship
510:German
491:on the
444:Q-ships
368:lines.
325:of the
281:Detroit
267:leader
265:Shawnee
226:Sun Tzu
218:Sima Yi
115:perfidy
42:, from
1405:Q-ship
1001:
968:
930:
737:Allied
709:Sydney
582:desert
531:Dachau
478:Abdiel
440:funnel
399:liner
76:Aeneid
71:Virgil
21:French
1439:Texts
1400:Decoy
1247:Greek
1229:Latin
822:truth
714:Dutch
623:radio
590:rebel
588:, or
562:spies
456:Asahi
436:Emden
350:Union
331:bugle
224:from
197:Porus
159:Iliad
150:Homer
124:ruses
1104:2008
1078:2008
1052:2008
999:ISBN
966:ISBN
928:ISBN
904:link
890:2011
564:and
537:and
489:raid
277:fort
263:and
247:The
168:Troy
106:ruse
81:RMS
19:The
1475:War
1273:BCE
995:147
804:".
735:as
625:or
572:or
495:in
423:of
416:by
394:".
228:'s
181:of
73:'s
69:in
1461::
1421::
1249::
1231::
1199:.
1153:.
1112:^
1094:.
1068:.
1040:.
1021:,
997:.
912:^
900:}}
896:{{
584:,
547:.
348:,
341:.
212:,
185:,
117:.
1314:e
1307:t
1300:v
1279:.
1263:.
1245:(
1227:(
1209:.
1157:.
1139:.
1106:.
1080:.
1054:.
1007:.
974:.
936:.
906:)
892:.
724:.
667:;
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.