4298:(non-EU state), oversaw the making of the EU-sponsored report which was published in September 2009. The report stated that open hostilities started "... with a large-scale Georgian military operation against the town of Tskhinvali and the surrounding areas, launched in the night of 7 to 8 August 2008", This conclusion was widely reported on by international media. However, the report also noted "... any explanation of the origins of the conflict cannot focus solely on the artillery attack on Tskhinvali in the night of 7/8 August", since "... it was only the culminating point of a long period of increasing tensions, provocations and incidents", and there was "... no way to assign overall responsibility for the conflict to one side alone." The report said it "is not in a position" to consider the Georgian claims of the Russian invasion before 8 August to be substantiated enough, while recognising reports in Russian media which indicated Russian troops and equipment which did not fall under the peacekeeping mandate were already present on the southern side of the Caucasus range, in South Ossetia. The report also stated that it could not claim "veracity or completeness in an absolute sense", and could not give "total assurance that there are no mistakes or omissions".
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during the action. Training to simulate combat against a probable enemy, the 58th Army, had never been organised by the
Georgian Army. During the war, communications broke down in the mountains and troops had to resort to mobile phones. There was insufficient planning; according to Giorgi Tavdgiridze, nobody thought about sealing the Roki Tunnel. There was a dismal organisation of the delivery of 10,000 Georgian reservists in Gori on 9 August; they had no specific targets and went back to Tbilisi the following day. The conflict was named by Georgian journalists as the war "that was hidden from history" because there was very little video recording of the fighting. According to their American trainers, Georgian soldiers were unprepared for fighting despite having "warrior spirit". There was a small number of disciplined and knowledgeable officers in high ranking positions, and Saakashvili's government had no military background.
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actions which had a strong effect on the local populations of South
Ossetia and Abkhazia. For the first time, a Russian Armed Forces spokesman was provided by the Russian authorities to give TV interviews about the war. Despite these tactics and domestic success, the Russian information operation against Georgia was not successful internationally. In response to the information war, the Georgian government halted the broadcasting of Russian television channels in Georgia and blocked access to Russian websites. The information skirmishes between Georgia and Russia continued after armed hostilities had ended. According to political scientist Svante Cornell, the Kremlin spent millions in an international information campaign to blame Georgia for the war; however, there is evidence,
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3944:" in South Ossetia. Russian authorities initially claimed that up to 2,000 ethnic Ossetian civilians of Tskhinvali were killed by Georgian forces; according to Russia, the reason for the Russian involvement in the conflict in Georgia was this large number of fatalities. Public opinion among Ossetians was impacted by claims of high casualties; according to HRW, some Ossetian civilians said in interviews that they approved of burning and pillaging of Georgian villages because of the "thousands of civilian casualties in South Ossetia" announced by Russian television. In December 2008, the figures were revised down to a total of 162 South Ossetian casualties by the Investigative Committee of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.
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3482:) and approved a six-point proposal. The proposal originally had four points, but Russia firmly requested to add two more. Georgia requested that the additions be parenthesised; Russia objected and Sarkozy prevailed upon Saakashvili to accept the agreement. According to Sarkozy and Saakashvili, a sixth point in the Sarkozy proposal was removed with Medvedev's consent. On 14 August, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity and Abkhaz President Sergei Bagapsh also endorsed the plan. The following day Condoleezza Rice travelled to Tbilisi, where Saakashvili signed the document in her presence. On 16 August, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the agreement.
3900:
1730:
2936:(the Georgian Minister for Reintegration) arrived in Tskhinvali for a previously arranged meeting with South Ossetians and Russian diplomat Yuri Popov; however, Russia's emissary, who blamed a flat tire, did not appear; and neither did the Ossetians. One day earlier the South Ossetians rejected direct negotiations with Georgian authorities, demanding a meeting of the Joint Control Commission for Georgian–Ossetian Conflict Resolution. Tbilisi had left the Commission in March, demanding that a new mediation scheme included the European Union, the OSCE and the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia. Iakobashvili contacted General
3058:
west of South
Ossetia by Georgian special police forces was thwarted by South Ossetian troops occupying reinforced posts, and several Georgians were wounded. The Georgian 4th Brigade advanced on the left side of Tskhinvali early in the morning on 8 August; the 3rd Brigade advanced on the right side. The purpose of these actions was to advance to the north after capturing key positions. The Georgian troops would secure the Gupta bridge and the road to the Roki Tunnel, barring the Russian military from moving southward. By the morning, the South Ossetian authorities had reported that the Georgian shelling had killed at least 15 civilians.
2945:"All the evidence available to the country team supports Saakashvili's statement that this fight was not Georgia's original intention. Key Georgian officials who would have had responsibility for an attack on South Ossetia have been on leave, and the Georgians only began mobilizing August 7 once the attack was well underway. As late as 2230 last night Georgian MOD and MFA officials were still hopeful that the unilateral cease-fire announced by President Saakashvili would hold. Only when the South Ossetians opened up with artillery on Georgian villages, did the offensive to take Tskhinvali begin."
72:
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targeted by
Georgian artillery fire. Georgia stated that its strikes only intended to "neutralize firing positions from where Georgian positions were being targeted". HRW documented witness accounts of the usage of civilian objects by South Ossetian fighters. Such usage made civilian objects permissible military aims, and HRW concluded that South Ossetian fighters put non-combatant population at risk by setting up military positions near or in civilian structures. Georgia was responsible for the indiscriminate use of force by using inaccurate weapons to target military targets in civilian areas.
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Russia, it suffered its first casualties at around 12:00 when two servicemen were killed and five injured following an attempt by the
Georgian troops to storm the northern peacekeeping base in Tskhinvali. Georgia has stated that it only targeted Russian peacekeepers in self-defence, after coming under fire from them. Most of Tskhinvali and several villages had been secured by Georgian troops by the afternoon; however, they failed to blockade the Gupta bridge and the key roads linking Tshkinvali with the Roki Tunnel and the Russian military base in
3709:(EUMM) monitors the Administrative Boundary Lines of both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Although the mission is mandated to operate in the entire territory of Georgia, it is not admitted into South Ossetia and Abkhazia by the local de facto authorities. Besides monitoring the mission is also involved in confidence building and incident mediation by providing an incident hotline. As of December 2021, 220 EUMM monitors from 26 EU member states operate in Georgia based in 3 Field Offices and the Tbilisi Headquarters, while 2 support staff operate from
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the South
Ossetian armed forces were ready to go on the offensive in the next few hours. At 14:00 on 7 August, two Georgian peacekeepers in Avnevi became casualties of Ossetian shelling. At about 14:30, Georgian tanks, 122 mm howitzers and 203 mm self-propelled artillery began heading towards South Ossetia to dissuade separatists from additional attacks. During the afternoon, OSCE monitors noted Georgian military traffic, including artillery, on roads near Gori. In the afternoon, Georgian personnel left the
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2126:. Russia recognised the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia on 26 August and the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. Russia mostly completed its withdrawal of troops from undisputed parts of Georgia on 8 October. Russian international relations were largely unharmed. The war displaced 192,000 people. While many returned to their homes after the war, 20,272 people, mostly ethnic Georgians, remained displaced as of 2014. In 2021, the
5012:
Russia's "armed forces have emerged from years of neglect as a formidable fighting force, but revealed important deficiencies." He stated that Russia fell short of its role of a first-rate military power due to these faults. Unlike the Second
Chechen War, Russia's force in Georgia was composed primarily of professional soldiers instead of conscripts. Reuters journalists in Georgia stated that they found the Russian forces to be well-outfitted and orderly forces. CAST director
949:
772:
261:
3094:, the column had begun moving towards South Ossetia at the same time as President Medvedev was giving a televised speech. At around 17:00 MSK, Russian tank columns surrounded Tskhinvali and began bombing the Georgian positions. The Russian Air Force mounted attacks on Georgian infantry and artillery on 8 August, but suspended sorties for two days after taking early losses from anti-aircraft fire. Georgian troops left the centre of the town in the evening. Military expert
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2764:, known for his strong ties with the Russian military and intelligence, suggested at a press conference in South Ossetia on 30 June that the existence of Georgian enclaves in South Ossetia was the last remaining barrier to the recognition and South Ossetia had to solve this problem. He further stated that South Ossetia's independence would block Georgia's NATO membership and the recognition must take place before December 2008. The
4107:'s actions, "No state has the right to intervene militarily in the territory of another state simply because there are individuals there with a passport issued by that state or who are nationals of the state. Attempts to apply such a doctrine have plunged Europe into war in the past... And we have reason to remember how Hitler used this very doctrine little more than half a century ago to undermine and attack substantial parts of
5173:
2832:, including the 58th Army, took part. The exercise included training to aid peacekeeping forces stationed in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. During exercises, a pamphlet named "Soldier! Know your probable enemy!" was circulated among the Russian soldiers. The pamphlet described the Georgian Armed Forces. Russian troops stayed near the border with Georgia after the end of their exercise on 2 August, instead of going back to their
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2365:'s (JCC) mandate. Some, mostly ethnically Georgian parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast remained under the Georgian control. The Tskhinvali-based separatist authorities of the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia were in control of one third of the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast before the 2008 war, Georgia controlled another third and the rest was not controlled by anyone.
902:
248:
4384:, ten light infantry battalions of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th infantry brigades, special forces and an artillery brigade, totalling approximately 12,000 troops, had been concentrated by the start of the conflict. The primary task of securing Tskhinvali was accomplished by the 4th Brigade with support from the 2nd and 3rd Brigades. According to the EU fact-finding mission, 10,000–11,000 soldiers took part in the war.
3369:, Russian deputy chief of the General staff, denied the Russian presence in Poti the following day. One day after Russia's declaration of the beginning of the withdrawal from Georgia, 70 Russian soldiers moved into the seaport on the morning of 19 August. Russian soldiers took twenty-one Georgian troops prisoner and grabbed five US Humvees in Poti, taking them to a Russian-occupied military base in Senaki.
2885:, the South Ossetian separatists evacuated more than 20,000 civilians, which represented more than 90 per cent of the civilian population of the future combat zone. On 4 August, South Ossetian president Eduard Kokoity said that about 300 volunteers had arrived from North Ossetia to help fight the Georgians and thousands more were expected from the North Caucasus. On 5 August, South Ossetian presidential
3672:), with the latter being expanded to over 2,000 in the months leading to the 2008 war. With these mechanisms becoming obsolete after the 2008 war, the Russian recognition of the independence of both regions was a prerequisite to legitimise the post-war stay of Russian armed forces with the conclusion of "bilateral" military cooperation and integration agreements with the newly recognised "states".
2877:
now fifteen, among them several civilians; the
Georgian casualties were six wounded civilians and one wounded policeman. According to the OSCE mission, the incident was the worst outbreak of violence since 2004. On 2–3 and again on 3–4 August, firing recommenced during the night. A 1992 ceasefire agreement was breached by Ossetian artillery attacks.
3086:
Russia claimed that it had to conduct peacekeeping operations according to the international mandates, in reality such accords had only arranged the ceasefire observer status; according to political scientist Roy
Allison, Russia could evacuate its peacekeepers if attacked. At around 16:00 MSK, it became known that two heavy armoured columns of the
4380:, the Georgian troops included the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Infantry Brigades, the Artillery Brigade, part of the 1st Infantry Brigade and the standalone Gori Tank Battalion. Additionally, special forces and Ministry of Internal Affairs troops were deployed. The total number of troops was 16,000 according to the magazine. According to the
3583:. On 12 December 2008, Russian forces withdrew; eight hours later they re-entered the village and Georgian police withdrew after the Russians warned they would fire. Russian forces then set up three stations in the village. On 18 October 2010, all Russian forces in Perevi withdrew to South Ossetia and Georgian soldiers entered.
3011:
guidance and did not want to aggravate tensions. The entrance of second batch of
Russian military through the Roki Tunnel during the night of 7/8 August pressured Georgian president Saakashvili to respond militarily around 23:00 to check Russian all-out incursion near the Roki Tunnel before the Western response would be late.
3781:
hindered Georgia's prospects for joining NATO for the foreseeable future. Medvedev stated in November 2011 that NATO would have accepted former Soviet republics if Russia had not attacked Georgia. "If you ... had faltered back in 2008, the geopolitical situation would be different now," Medvedev told the officers of a
2800:, to Georgia on the next day nearly coincided with the timing of the flight. Georgia summoned back its ambassador to Russia after Russia admitted its jets had flown in Georgia's airspace to "let hot heads in Tbilisi cool down". This was the first time in the 2000s that Russia had confessed to an overflight of Georgia.
4331:. NATO said that its presence in the Black Sea was not related to the Georgian crisis; its vessels were carrying out typical visits and preplanned naval trainings with Romania and Bulgaria. Russian General Anatoliy Nogovitsyn recalled the limit on the number of vessels admitted into the Black Sea under the 1936
2975:, the centre of the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia. The escalated assaults forced Georgian civilians to flee their homes. A high-ranking officer of the Georgian Ministry of Defence said late on 7 August that his country was going to "restore constitutional order" in response to the shelling.
3684:
these so called "militarized border guard bases" have been constructed near the boundary line of both regions with Tbilisi controlled Georgia. In each region an estimated 3,500 Russian military servicemen and around 1,500 FSB personnel are deployed. Georgia considers the two regions occupied by Russia.
9624:
When the history of the conflict comes to be written, it may be that a small incident on the road linking Georgia to Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, will be identified as the starting point of war. The US State Department's internal timeline of the crisis pinpoints the explosion on August 1
4985:
The RIA Novosti editorial also said that Russian Su-25 ground-attack jets did not have radar vision and ground-target coordinate computing. They also did not have long-range surface-to-air missiles that could be fired beyond the air-defence zones of an adversary. Opposition-affiliated Russian analyst
4933:
and Buk anti-aircraft missile systems, bought by Georgia from Ukraine, were responsible for shooting down Russian aircraft during the war. A Russian assessment, reported by Roger McDermott, said that Russian losses would have been significantly higher if the Georgians had not left behind a portion of
4301:
The BBC reported that "the EU may welcome the report itself, but may want to distance itself from the content." The report was heavily criticised for some of its pro-Kremlin statements by independent Russian and American researchers who pointed out that the report had omitted facts implicating Russia
4132:
said on late 11 August, "Russia has invaded a sovereign neighbouring state and threatens a democratic government elected by its people. Such an action is unacceptable in the 21st century." Bush also said, "There's evidence that Russian forces may soon begin bombing the civilian airport in the capital
3895:
by the Georgians and RBK 250 cluster bombs by the Russians caused fatalities among civilians. Georgia reportedly used cluster munitions twice to hit non-combatants escaping via the important Dzara road and confessed attacking Russian forces and the vicinity of the Roki Tunnel by cluster bombs. Russia
3780:
The war also affected Georgia's ongoing and future memberships in international organisations. On 12 August 2008 the country proclaimed that it would quit the Commonwealth of Independent States, which it held responsible for not avoiding the war. Its departure became effective in August 2009. The war
3756:
states also became apparent over the relationship with Russia. Ukraine and other ex-Soviet countries received a clear message from the Russian leadership that the possible accession to NATO would cause a foreign incursion and the break-up of the country. Effective takeover of Abkhazia was also one of
3218:. Escaping Georgians blamed Russian president Medvedev for their suffering because they, trusting Medvedev's statement on ceasefire, had remained in their homes before the Russian advance. The Russian military captured Gori on 13 August. The destruction of Georgian military bases began. Major General
3109:
In the afternoon of 9 August, a Georgian effort to push deeper into Tskhinvali was repulsed with Georgian losses and they withdrew. According to the Georgian Defence Minister, the Georgian military had tried to push into Tskhinvali three times by 9 August. During the last attempt they were met with a
2876:
South Ossetian separatists began intensively shelling Georgian villages on 1 August. This caused Georgian peacekeepers and servicemen in the area to return fire. Grenades and mortar fire were exchanged during the night of 1/2 August. The total Ossetian fatalities became six and the total wounded were
11687:
Damaged furniture, partially documents and stationery strewn across the offices of the harbourmaster and the coastguard headquarters bore testament to frenzied looting. Computers had been prized from their sockets, patches of dirt on kitchen walls showed where fridges once stood and office doors had
3772:
stated that "protecting the lives and dignity of our citizens, wherever they may be, is an unquestionable priority for our country". The presence of Russian citizens in foreign countries would form a doctrinal foundation for invasion. Medvedev's statement on the existence of territories with Russian
3563:
On 8 September, Sarkozy and Medvedev signed another agreement on a Russian pullback from Georgia. After meeting with the French president, Medvedev said the withdrawal depended on assurances that Georgia would not use force; Russian forces would withdraw "from the zones adjacent to South Ossetia and
3226:
and Russian forces were in charge of Gori together. He also said that Russian troops would begin leaving Gori in two days. Combined guard efforts by the Russian Army and Georgian police in Gori soon broke down. The next day, Russian forces pushed to about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Tbilisi, the
2985:
on 8 August that after Ossetians had responded to the ceasefire by shelling, "it became clear" that South Ossetians wouldn't stop firing and that the Georgian casualties were 10 killed and 50 wounded. According to Pavel Felgenhauer, the Ossetians intentionally provoked the Georgians, so Russia would
5199:
While there are no official figures, Russian ground equipment losses in the war are estimated to be three tanks, at least 20 armoured and 32 non-armoured vehicles lost in combat. Several more vehicles were impaired in accidents. During one engagement, Georgian forces destroyed 25 out of 30 vehicles
4306:
detailed some cases of bias in the Tagliavini commission's work, such as the omission of the Russian troop deployments to South Ossetia before the Georgian counterattack on Tskhinvali, and concluded that "the flexible Swiss diplomat and her minions made it seem like Georgia was the provocateur" and
3794:
that Western policy makers did not want to alienate Russia because its support was necessary to solve "international problems". The May 2015 report by the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament stated that "the reaction of the EU to Russia's aggression towards, and violation of the
3683:
in Abkhazia were established, formalised in an agreement valid for 49 years. Then, Russia started the construction of border guard bases under the command of the Russian FSB Border Guard Service to demarcate and "protect the state border" of both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. In total more than 30 of
3175:
is an important city in the centre of Georgia, located about 25 km (16 mi) from Tskhinvali. On 9 August, Russia indiscriminately bombed Gori, with targets ranging from a military garrison to several large civilian apartment buildings and a school. The Georgian government reported that the
2924:
Mortar and artillery exchange between the South Ossetian and Georgian forces erupted in the afternoon of 6 August across almost the entire front line, which lasted until the dawn of 7 August. Exchanges resumed following a brief gap in the morning. South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity announced that
2872:
detonated on the road near Tskhinvali near a Georgian police vehicle, wounding five police officers. In response, Georgian snipers fired on South Ossetian positions, killing four Ossetians and wounding seven. According to the majority of reports, the South Ossetians were responsible for instigating
5191:
provided a higher estimate for air force losses, saying that Russian Air Force total losses during the war were one Tu-22M3 long-range bomber, one Su-24M Fencer fighter-bomber, one Su-24MR Fencer E reconnaissance plane and four Su-25 attack planes. Anton Lavrov listed one Su-25SM, two Su-25BM, two
5004:
Swedish analysts Carolina Vendil Pallin and Fredrik Westerlund said that although the Russian Black Sea Fleet did not meet significant resistance, it proved effective at implementing elaborate operations. Mechanised infantry opened a new front in Abkhazia, which contributed to the quickness of the
4947:
article, "Georgia's Army fled ahead of the Russian Army's advance, turning its back and leaving Georgian civilians in an enemy's path. Its planes did not fly after the first few hours of contact. Its navy was sunk in the harbor, and its patrol boats were hauled away by Russian trucks on trailers."
3057:
Georgian forces started moving in the direction of Tskhinvali following several hours of bombardment and engaged South Ossetian forces and militia near Tskhinvali at 04:00 on 8 August, with Georgian tanks remotely shelling South Ossetian positions. An attempt to take the village of Kvaysa from the
2752:
adopted a resolution on 5 June which condemned the deployment of Russian forces to Abkhazia. The resolution stated that the peacekeeping structure should be changed because Russia was no longer an unbiased player. Russian railroad troops started to withdraw from Abkhazia on 30 July after attending
2727:
In late April, the Russian government said that Georgia was assembling 1,500 troops and policemen in the upper Kodori Gorge area and was planning to "invade" Abkhazia, and that Russia would "retaliate" against Georgian offensive and had deployed more military in the separatist regions. No boost in
4989:
According to Russian expert Anton Lavrov, on 8 August, Russian and South Ossetian troops deployed in South Ossetia were unaware that Russian aviation was involved in the war. Russian troops and South Ossetians often assessed Russian aircraft as enemy and shot at them before precise identification
4981:
editorial said that Russian forces were without reliable aerial-reconnaissance systems, once using a Tupolev Tu-22M3 bomber instead. However, Russian reconnaissance battalions and regiments were also deployed during the war. Deputy chief of the General staff of Russia, General Anatoly Nogovitsyn,
3962:
The war displaced 192,000 people, including 127,000 within the undisputed parts of Georgia and 65,000 within South Ossetia or from South Ossetia to North Ossetia. Many were able to go back to their homes after the war, but a year later around 30,000 ethnic Georgians were still uprooted. As of May
3667:
A direct result of the war has been the increased and emboldened Russian military presence in both South Ossetia and Abkhazia. While Russian armed forces were present in both regions before the outbreak of the war, in the capacity of peacekeeping forces since the civil wars in the 1990s, this was
2916:
reported that Russian military was being deployed to the Georgian border on 6 August and that "there is no doubt that Russia thus demonstrates determination to protect its citizens in South Ossetia. Up until the operation to enforce peace is carried out." On the evening of 6 August, an attempt by
2638:
during the summit. At the conclusion of the summit on 4 April, Putin said that NATO's enlargement towards Russia "would be taken in Russia as a direct threat to the security of our country". Following the Bucharest summit, Russian hostility increased and Russia started to actively prepare for the
2424:
coast and being adjacent to Turkey as invaluable strategic attributes of Georgia. Russia had more vested interests in Abkhazia than in South Ossetia, since the Russian military deployment on the Black Sea coast was seen as vital to Russian influence in the Black Sea. Before the early 2000s, South
5016:
said that "the victory over the Georgian army ... should become for Russia not a cause for euphoria and excessive joy, but serve to speed up military transformations." Roger McDermott wrote that slight dissimilarity in criticism by civilian and official references after the conflict was "an
4951:
A sweeping Russian offensive caught Georgia by surprise, who had never got ready for confronting such invasion. Many managerial and procedural problems surfaced during the war. According to a Western officer, Georgian logistical readiness was mediocre; there was interference between subdivisions
4943:
minister Batu Kutelia, Georgia was required to have a complex, multi-layered air-defence system to protect its airspace. Western officers involved with Georgia's military indicated that Georgian military deficiencies were too great to be eliminated by new weapons. According to a 2 September 2008
4942:
Georgia has said that its key deficiencies were ineffective communication during action and its lacking air strength. Konstantin Makienko of CAST saw substandard instruction of pilots as the primary reason for the paltry conduct of Georgian air sorties. According to Georgian first deputy defence
3441:
The war was accompanied by a media battle between Russia and Georgia. The Russian military took Russian journalists to the combat zone to report news discrediting Georgia and portraying Russia as the saviour of Russian citizens in the conflict zone. Russia also aired records on TV supporting its
3065:
of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, entered Tskhinvali after taking the high points near the town. The centre of the town was reached by 1,500 Georgian infantrymen by 10:00. The Russian air force began raiding targets inside South Ossetia and Georgia proper after 10:00 on 8 August. According to
3010:
on 7 August as saying: "I have spoken to the president of South Ossetia. It has more or less stabilized now. A battalion from the North Caucasus District has entered the area." Georgian authorities did not announce Russian military incursion in public on 7 August since they relied on the Western
2352:
to do so. The South Ossetian separatists were aided by the former Soviet military units now controlled by Russia. By June 1992, the possibility of a full-scale war between Russia and Georgia increased as bombing of Georgian capital Tbilisi in support of South Ossetian separatists was promised by
3875:
and caused many fatalities among civilians. HRW reported that no proof of intentional attacks on non-combatants by Georgian troops had been discovered. The South Ossetian parliament and several schools and nurseries were used as military posts by South Ossetian troops and volunteer militias and
3326:
Abkhaz forces opened a second front by attacking the Kodori Gorge, held by Georgia. Abkhaz artillery and aircraft began a bombardment against Georgian troops in the upper Kodori Gorge on 9 August. Three days later, a military offensive against the Kodori Gorge was officially initiated by Abkhaz
3085:
had been convened by Russian president Dmitry Medvedev and Russia's options regarding the conflict had been discussed. Russia accused Georgia of "aggression" against South Ossetia. Russia has stated it was defending both peacekeepers and South Ossetian civilians who were Russian citizens. While
2634:. However, Germany and France said that offering a MAP to Ukraine and Georgia would be "an unnecessary offence" for Russia. NATO stated that Ukraine and Georgia would be admitted in the alliance and pledged to review the requests for MAP in December 2008. Russian President Vladimir Putin was in
3360:
is the crucial seaport of Georgia on the Black Sea and serves as an essential entrance for Transcaucasia and the landlocked Central Asia. Russian aircraft attacked the town of Poti on 8 August, causing a two-day shutdown of the seaport. Russia positioned ships in the vicinity of Poti and other
3179:
After Georgian troops had left Tskhinvali on 10 August, the Russians indiscriminately bombed the civilian areas in Gori on 11 August. The Georgian forces withdrew from Gori on 11 August. A Georgian official said that the troops were ordered to secure Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. By late 11
3053:
into South Ossetia at 23:35 on 7 August. This was followed by a 15-minute intermission, which purportedly enabled the civilians to escape, before the Georgian forces began bombarding hostile positions. Georgian military intentionally targeted South Ossetian military objects, not civilian ones.
5011:
researchers said in their assessment of the preparation of Russian general-staff that the manoeuvres were planned and implemented effectively, with a crucial confusion being engineered by the Russians. A Reuters analyst described Russia's army as "strong but flawed"; the war demonstrated that
2448:
president of South Ossetia in December 2001; he was endorsed by Russia since he would subvert the peaceful reunification of South Ossetia with Georgia. The Russian government began massive allocation of Russian passports to the residents of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in 2002 without Georgia's
4391:
flew it to Georgia. The best Georgian troops were overdue from Iraq and could not participate in the fighting. The presence of prime 2,000 Georgian military and the bulk of Georgian high-level government officials abroad before the war meant that Georgia did not intend to begin hostilities.
3564:
Abkhazia to the line preceding the start of hostilities". However, a military withdrawal from South Ossetia and Abkhazia was not proclaimed. On 13 September, Russian troops began withdrawing from western Georgia and by 11:00 Moscow Time, the posts near Poti were abandoned. Withdrawals from
2556:
Georgia began proposing the placement of international peacekeepers in the separatist regions when Russia began to apply more force on Georgia after April 2008. The West launched new initiatives for peace settlement, with peace proposals being offered and discussions being organised by the
485:
3449:
During the war, hackers attacked Georgian government and news websites and disabled host servers. Some Russian news websites were also attacked. Some experts noted this as the first time in history that a notable cyberattack and an actual military engagement happened at the same time.
4199:
at Kaczyński's initiative, appeared at a 12 August 2008 Tbilisi rally held in front of the parliament which was attended by nearly 150,000 people. The crowd responded enthusiastically to the Polish president's speech, chanting "Poland, Poland", "Friendship, Friendship" and "Georgia,
5028:
and special troops. Due to the failure of the Russian Air Force to penetrate Georgian air defence, airborne troops could not be airlifted behind Georgian lines. A surprise attack on a land-forces commander, in which only five of thirty vehicles in his convoy made it, demonstrated
3554:
were swapped by the two countries on 19 August. A Georgian official said that although his country swapped five Russian soldiers for fifteen Georgians, among them two non-combatants, Georgia suspected that Russia kept two more Georgians. On 22 August, Russian forces withdrew from
2650:
said on 11 April that Russia would carry out "steps of a different nature" in addition to military action if Ukraine and Georgia join NATO. General Baluyevsky said in 2012 that after President Putin had decided to wage the war against Georgia prior to the May 2008 inauguration of
2990:
for premeditated military invasion. According to Felgenhauer's analysis, Russia could not wage the war against Georgia after August since the Caucasus mountains would be covered with snow already in October. Russian military was participating in the attacks on Georgian villages.
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at the same time as Condoleezza Rice was received by Saakashvili. In 2014, Anatoly Khrulyov, the commander of the 58th Army, said that Russian troops had to act in accordance with operational objective and plan issued before 8 August 2008. If Khrulyov had not contacted the
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Konstantin Makienko observed the substandard conduct of the Russian Air Force: "It is totally unbelievable that the Russian Air Force was unable to establish air superiority almost to the end of the five-day war, despite the fact that the enemy had no fighter aviation".
2731:
The number of Russian peacekeepers deployed in Abkhazia was boosted to 2,542 in early May. But Russian troop levels remained under the cap of 3,000 troops imposed by a 1994 decision of CIS heads of state. Georgia demonstrated video footage captured by a drone to the
5001:, commander-in-chief of the Air Force, did not set foot in the command post, instead running Air-force operations on a mobile phone from his workroom without any help from his air-defence aides. The air force was blamed of rendering no assistance to land campaign.
5163:
In 2009, Russian Army Chief of General Staff Nikolai Makarov stated that Georgia was rearming, although the armament was not directly provided by the United States. According to Makarov, the Georgian Armed Forces had exceeded their pre-war strength by 2009.
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tanks, of which 75 were deployed into South Ossetia. Georgia lost at least 10 T-72 tanks destroyed in and near Tskhinvali. After the end of hostilities, the Russian military seized a total of 65 Georgian tanks. About 20 of those were subsequently destroyed.
4068:
expressed its concern over recent incidents in the South Ossetian conflict zone and that the start of the conflict demonstrated ineffectiveness of the existing (Russian-dominated) peacekeeping format. After Russia's full-scale invasion of Georgia, President
2699:
session on 23 April convened at Georgia's demand, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany stated in a declaration: "We call on the Russian Federation to revoke or not to implement its decision." However, this was labelled a "tall order" by
2412:. The strategic importance of the region has made it a security concern for Russia. Significant economic reasons, including access to major petroleum reserves, further affects interest in Transcaucasia. Rule over Transcaucasia, according to Swedish academic
2940:(the Russian commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Force) who said that Ossetians could not be restrained by Russian peacekeepers and Georgia should implement a ceasefire. "Nobody was in the streets – no cars, no people," Iakobashvili later told journalists.
3117:
A ceasefire was unilaterally announced on 10 August by Georgian authorities, who stated an aim to pull Georgian troops out of South Ossetia. However, Russia did not embrace this truce offer. After the ceasefire agreement was negotiated by French president
3879:
Russia deliberately attacked fleeing civilians in South Ossetia and the Gori district of Georgia. Russian warplanes bombed civilian population centres in Georgia proper and villages of ethnic Georgians in South Ossetia. Armed militias engaged in looting,
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short-range self-propelled anti-aircraft system. The Georgian air-defence early-warning and command-control tactical system was linked via Turkey to a NATO Air Situation Data Exchange (ASDE), which provided Georgia with intelligence during the conflict.
529:
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would cause a new conflict involving Russia: "After the Russian Army invaded the nation of Georgia, Senator Obama's reaction was one of indecision and moral equivalence, the kind of response that would only encourage Russia's Putin to invade Ukraine
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was attacked and three persons were killed. The Georgian government vacated their offices on 9 August. Georgian authorities reported on 9 August that Russian air attacks had targeted the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline, but missed. Reporters for
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Nikolay Pankov, the Russian deputy defence minister, had a confidential meeting with the separatist authorities in Tskhinvali on 3 August. An evacuation of Ossetian women and children to Russia began on the same day. According to researcher
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In early July, the conditions in South Ossetia aggravated, when a South Ossetian separatist militia official was killed by blasts on 3 July and several hours later an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Dmitry Sanakoyev, the leader of the
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said on 9 August, "Russia has extended the fighting today well beyond South Ossetia, attacking the Georgian port of Poti, and the town of Gori, while Abkhaz forces have been shelling Georgian positions in the Upper Kodori valley. I deplore
2525:
in January 2005, Georgian president Saakashvili proposed a peace settlement for South Ossetia within a unified Georgian state. The proposal was rejected by South Ossetian leader Eduard Kokoity. In 2006, Georgia sent security forces to the
2569:. The separatists dismissed the German project for Abkhazia approved by Georgia. Russia and the separatists did not attend an EU-backed meeting regarding Abkhazia. They also dismissed an OSCE offer to renew talks regarding South Ossetia.
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became president of the Russian Federation in 2000, which had a profound impact on Russo-Georgian relations. The conflict between Russia and Georgia began to escalate in December 2000, when Georgia became the first and sole member of the
2905:
Yuri Popov declared that his country would be involved in the conflict on the side of South Ossetia. About 50 Russian journalists had come to Tskhnivali for "something to happen". A pro-government Russian newspaper reported on 6 August:
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on the grounds that it violated Georgia's territorial integrity, United Nations Security Council resolutions and the ceasefire agreement. In response to Russia's action, the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia.
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were "virtually fully burnt down". South Ossetian president Eduard Kokoity said in an interview that Georgian villages had been demolished and no Georgian refugees would be allowed to return. The Georgian civilians, who resided in the
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of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by President Medvedev. On 26 August, Medvedev issued orders recognising the two states, saying that recognising the independence of the two entities "represents the only possibility to save human lives."
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separatists. Abkhaz defence officer said that Georgian forces were driven out of the Kodori Gorge. Although he claimed that Russians did not participate in the battle, Russian military traffic headed for the gorge was witnessed by an
2788:, wounded three police officers. On 7 July, four Georgian servicemen were captured by South Ossetian separatists. The next day, the Georgian law enforcement was ordered by the president to arrange the liberation of the soldiers. Four
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2042:
On 1 August 2008, the Russian-backed South Ossetian forces started shelling Georgian villages, with a sporadic response from Georgian peacekeepers in the area. Intensifying artillery attacks by the South Ossetian separatists broke a
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states that Russia "has largely destroyed Georgia's war-fighting capability". After the ceasefire was signed on 12 August, in Georgia proper, Russian troops attempted to seize and destroy Georgian armament, a process termed by the
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Georgian ports on 10 August 2008. The next day, Georgian and Russian representatives said that Russian troops were in Poti. However, Russia claimed it had only sent a task force for surveying the area. On 13 August, six Georgian
12717:"European Parliament resolution of 17 November 2011 containing the European Parliament's recommendations to the Council, the Commission and the EEAS on the negotiations of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement (2011/2133(INI))"
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said that the crisis was due to provocations from the South Ossetian side and that Georgian forces were trying to restore the constitutional order. On 9 August, Bildt compared Russia's reason for going to war with Georgia to
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HRW reported that during the war, ethnic-Georgian villages in South Ossetia were set on fire and pillaged by South Ossetian militias. This impeded the comeback of 20,000 uprooted people after the conflict. According to the
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permission; this "passportization" policy laid the foundation for Russia's future claim to these territories. In 2003, President Putin began to consider the possibility of a military solution to the conflict with Georgia.
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performed poorly during the conflict. The Russian communication systems were outdated, with a 58th Army commander allegedly making contact with his combat troops via a journalist-owned satellite phone. Without the modern
3559:
and the Georgian police proceeded in the direction of Gori. Russia claimed that withdrawal of Russian forces was finished; however, Russian checkpoints stayed near Gori and two Russian lookout stations stayed near Poti.
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passed a motion calling for the return of all exiled and uprooted people to Abkhazia. Russia opposed the Georgian-advocated motion. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the resolution was "a counterproductive move".
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as president of Russia, a military action was planned and explicit orders were issued in advance before August 2008. According to Van Herpen, Russia aimed to stop Georgia's accession to NATO and also to bring about a
465:
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Russian troops stole everything they could lay hands on—particularly from the Georgian army facilities they overran. Uniforms, beds, U.S.-supplied Humvees, and toilets were even pulled off the walls by Russian
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ended on 16 June 2009; its extension was also blocked by Russia, which argued that the mandate did not properly reflect Russia's position on recognition of Abkhazia's independence. According to UN mission head
3114:, was ambushed by Georgian special forces near Tskhinvali; Khrulyov was wounded in the leg. The number of Russian forces deployed in South Ossetia exceeded the number of Georgian fighters already by 9 August.
2598:
countries opposed the construction of the pipeline. The pipeline circumvents both Russia and Iran. Because it has decreased Western dependence on Middle East's oil, the pipeline has been a major factor in the
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The mandate of the OSCE mission in Georgia expired on 1 January 2009, after Russia refused to support its continuation. OSCE monitors had been denied access to South Ossetia since the war. The mandate of the
2711:
flying over Abkhazia was shot down by a Russian warplane on 20 April. However, Russia denied responsibility for the incident and Abkhazia claimed that an "L-39 aircraft of the Abkhaz Air Force" shot down the
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correspondent. Casualties were light on both sides; Abkhaz fighters accidentally killed one of their comrades, and two Georgian soldiers were also killed. About 2,000 people living in the Kodori Gorge fled.
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9109:
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Russian military forces must withdraw to the lines prior to the start of hostilities. While awaiting an international mechanism, Russian peacekeeping forces will implement additional security measures (six
3180:
August, the majority of inhabitants and Georgian troops had abandoned Gori. Georgian president Saakashvili stated that Russians had split Georgia into two by occupying an important intersection near Gori.
4335:. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev questioned the claim that ships going to Georgia were bringing only humanitarian assistance, alleging the delivery of military material. According to political analyst
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took place. On 8 August, the air force performed 63 flights in support of Russian ground troops. A total of six Russian warplanes were lost during the war: one Su-25SM, two Su-25BMs, two Su-24Ms and one
7152:
3375:
said that Russian actions in Poti constituted an additional attack on the Georgian economy. The Russian military plundered and damaged properties during their presence in Poti, even ransacking toilets.
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On 15 July, the United States and Russia began two parallel military trainings in the Caucasus, though Russia denied that the identical timing was intentional. The joint US-Georgian exercise was called
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and contributing to the loss of some Su-25s. This view was supported by independent Russian analysis. Colonel-General Anatoliy Nogovitsyn, Russian deputy chief of general staff, said the Soviet-made
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was among those killed and another foreign reporter was injured. According to Georgian authorities, the Russians aimed at the city's administrative offices. The air raids set the post office and the
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reported from Gori on 18 August that Russian troops had reportedly told Georgian civilians fleeing South Ossetia: "Putin has given us an order that everyone must be either shot or forced to leave".
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contemplated a military reaction to defend Georgia, it decided against it so as to not provoke a conflict with Russia. Instead, the US sent humanitarian assistance to Georgia on military aircraft.
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5133:
The Air Force sustained limited damage as only three transport planes and four helicopters were confirmed lost. The Georgian air force ceased all sorties after 8 August. Instead all fighter and
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the inauguration of the railroad. The fixed railroad was used to transport military equipment by at least a part of the 9,000 Russian soldiers who entered Georgia from Abkhazia during the war.
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2008:
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awarded this autonomy to the Ossetians in exchange for their help against the Democratic Republic of Georgia, since this area had never been a separate entity prior to the Russian invasion.
13755:
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4339:, in spite of the limits on vessel's weight and length of visits set by the Montreux Convention, the US kept a continual presence in the Black Sea by alternating vessels from time to time.
3748:". The failure of the Western security organisations to react swiftly to Russia's attempt to violently revise the borders of an OSCE country revealed its deficiencies. The division between
1662:
3987:, and Presidential Representative for Human Rights of South Ossetia, at the relevant time. The fourth suspect, Russian general Vyacheslav Borisov, was not indicted as he had died in 2021.
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and assaulting Georgian properties as well as abducting civilians. New checkpoints were erected by the Russian forces on the Tbilisi-Gori road on 17 August. South Ossetian forces occupied
3415:
station in Tbilisi was bombed the following day. Although an end to hostilities was declared on 12 August, Russian warplanes did not stop dropping bombs in Georgia throughout 12 August.
3054:
Although Georgian military had pledged safety to the Russian peacekeepers for their neutrality, the Russian peacekeepers had to follow the Russian command to attack the Georgian troops.
2748:
on 31 May to repair a rail line in Abkhazia. According to the Russian defence ministry, railroad troops were not armed. Georgia stated that the development was an "aggressive" act. The
14387:
4934:
their Buk-M1 systems near Senaki in western Georgia and several Osa missile launchers in South Ossetia. According to some reports, Georgia also possessed a battery of the Israeli-made
2967:
At around 19:00, Georgian President Saakashvili announced a unilateral ceasefire and no-response order. The ceasefire reportedly held for about three hours. The separatists bombarded
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said that a Russian deployment in Abkhazia and South Ossetia would prove decisive in preventing Georgia from recovering territories. Georgia considers Abkhazia and South Ossetia
2995:
12720:
10922:
7082:
4332:
2549:, Russian ambassador to NATO, hinted that Georgia's aspiration to become a NATO member would cause Russia to support the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The Russian
2063:" and "aggression against South Ossetia"—and launched a full-scale land, air and sea invasion of Georgia, including its undisputed territory, on 8 August, referring to it as a "
6472:
4285:
3515:
After the ceasefire was signed, hostilities did not immediately end. Noting that civilians were fleeing before advancing Russian armour, troops and mercenaries, a reporter for
2471:
government predominantly employed Russian citizens, who had occupied similar government posts in Russia, and Russian officers dominated South Ossetia's security organisations.
13977:"Case Concerning Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian Federation) Order of 2 December 2008"
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5112:
of the Georgian army were destroyed in combat and two DANAs were captured in and near Gori. Further 20 artillery pieces, including 120 mm mortars, were left behind. Six
4261:
said, "We cannot create an anti-Russia coalition in Europe, and on this point we are close to Putin's position." He emphasised that Vladimir Putin and Italian Prime Minister
3788:
According to academic Martin Malek, western countries did not feel it was necessary to aggravate tensions with Russia over "tiny and insignificant" Georgia. He wrote in the
3388:
near the city was hit by two bombs. Prior to the war, the bombed base near Tbilisi had housed the Russian military before the government of Georgia forced their withdrawal.
3384:
During the fighting in South Ossetia, the Russian Air Force repeatedly attacked Tbilisi and its surrounding areas. On 8 August, the Georgian Interior Ministry reported that
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by 5 UN member states (two other states previously recognised it but then withdrew their recognition), while the remainder of the international community recognizes it as
3403:
in Tbilisi reported hearing three explosions in the early-morning hours of 10 August and a Georgian Interior Ministry representative said that three bombs were dropped on
2266:. According to one theory, they first migrated there during the 13th and 14th centuries AD, and resided alongside the Georgians peacefully for hundreds of years. In 1918,
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3233:
1308:
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allegedly proving that Russian forces used heavy weaponry in Abkhazia and were combat troops, rather than peacekeepers; Russia rejected the accusations. On 15 May, the
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2514:. Tensions were further escalated by South Ossetian authorities. Intense fighting took place between Georgian forces and the South Ossetians between 8 and 19 August.
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13732:
9927:
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NATO increased its naval presence in the Black Sea significantly following the Russian invasion, with ships dropping anchors in Georgian ports, and according to the
1655:
1318:
11295:
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5069:, including tanks, were destroyed in the fighting. Before the conflict, Georgia possessed 230–240 tanks in total. At the time of the conflict, Georgia operated 191
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that the Russian military had been used against an independent state, demonstrating Russia's willingness to use military force to attain its political objectives.
3335:
Russian forces advanced into western Georgia from Abkhazia on 11 August. This marked the opening of another front. Russian troops captured the police buildings in
2011:
of Georgian, Russian, and Ossetian troops was stationed in the territory. A similar stalemate developed in the region of Abkhazia, where the separatists had waged
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460:
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of a Russian military unit commanded by General Anatoly Khrulyov. The Russian military had no losses in the artillery, air defence and naval forces. According to
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authorities, the tension shortly transformed into ethnic conflict. Ossetian insurgents repelled the Georgian troops in 1918 and proceeded to occupy the town of
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2122:, holding on to these areas beyond the ceasefire. The South Ossetians destroyed most ethnic Georgian villages in South Ossetia and were responsible for an
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acknowledged that many of the professional soldiers did not have better training than the conscripts. Most of the land combat warfare was conducted by
4554:
A sizeable portion of the Russian 58th Army, one of the foremost military units in Russia, was included in the Russian order of battle. It exceeds the
4377:
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3110:
serious counterattack, which Georgian officers described as "something like hell." On the same day a Russian advance column, led by Lieutenant-General
2785:
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On 9 September 2008, Russia announced that Russian forces in South Ossetia and Abkhazia would remain under bilateral agreements with their respective
2720:
commented that "he'd eat his tie if it turned out that a NATO MiG-29 had magically appeared in Abkhazia and shot down a Georgian drone." On 26 May, a
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Opening of international discussions on the modalities of lasting security in Abkhazia and South Ossetia (based on the decisions of the U.N. and the
3074:
on the same day that by taking control of Tskhinvali, Tbilisi wanted to demonstrate that Georgia wouldn't tolerate the killing of Georgian citizens.
524:
2901:. Georgian authorities organised a tour for diplomats and journalists to demonstrate the damage supposedly caused by separatists. That day, Russian
2059:
and advanced into the South Ossetian conflict zone by 7 August before the Georgian military response. Russia falsely accused Georgia of committing "
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city." Bush urged Russia to sign the EU-mediated ceasefire agreement, otherwise Russia would "jeopardise" its standing with the West. Although the
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on 12 August, 15:00 on 12 August was set as a deadline for the cessation of military action; however, Russian forces didn't stop pushing forward.
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12916:
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members stated on anniversary of the war in 2021 that Russia and South Ossetia initiated the 2008 conflict and that the EU report was erroneous.
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said it was likely that during the hostilities and in the aftermath of the war, an ethnic cleansing of Georgians was committed in South Ossetia.
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3479:
3243:(HRW) reported that following Russian takeover of Georgian areas, Georgians from Gori and the adjacent villages reported South Ossetian militias
2518:
2453:
2067:" operation. Russian and separatist forces fought Georgian troops in and around South Ossetia for several days, until Georgian forces retreated.
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coastline. The Russian air force attacked civilian targets both within and beyond the conflict zone. This was the first war in history in which
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Communication between the North Caucasus Military District commander and the air force was poor and their roles were unclear. Colonel-General
3947:
Georgia and South Ossetia have filed complaints about alleged war crimes committed by the other side with international courts, including the
2047:. To put an end to these attacks, Georgian army units were sent into the South Ossetian conflict zone on 7 August and took control of most of
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13210:. Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts project (RULAC) of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. 22 February 2021
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3598:. In November 2011, the European Parliament passed a resolution acknowledging Abkhazia and South Ossetia as occupied Georgian territories.
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United States officials said that "one of the few effective elements of the 's military" was air defence, with the analysts crediting the
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13585:"REPORT on the strategic military situation in the Black Sea Basin following the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia (2015/2036(INI))"
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3659:. However, because of anxiety about secessionist areas in SCO states, especially in China, the organisation did not endorse recognition.
2951:
2541:
In early March 2008, Abkhazia and South Ossetia submitted formal requests for their recognition to Russia's parliament shortly after the
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14859:
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4994:; friendly fire was the cause of the loss of three aircraft. Lavrov denies that the shot-down Tu-22M was being used for reconnaissance.
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The 1st Infantry Brigade, the only one instructed to NATO standards, was serving in Iraq at the beginning of the war; on 11 August, the
3339:
in spite of earlier Russian official claims of not intending to expand assault to Georgia proper. Russian forces arrived in the town of
3102:" knew that such a large-scale Russian "response" was not spontaneous since it was impossible "even to get one armored brigade over the
2687:
On 16 April 2008, official ties between the Russian authorities and the separatists in Abkhazia and South Ossetia were sanctioned by an
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5141:, were tucked away. Russian bombers impaired the airstrips in Georgia. A Russian air attack on Marneuli Air Force Base destroyed three
3436:
2724:(UNOMIG) inquiry concluded that the Russian warplane, either a MiG-29 "Fulcrum" or a Su-27 "Flanker", was responsible for the downing.
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backed ethnic Georgian nobility, who were legal owners. Although the Ossetians were initially discontented with the economic stance of
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worth $ 250 million. According to Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili, his country saved 95 percent of its armed forces.
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The Georgian government launched an initiative to curb smuggling from South Ossetia in 2004 after its success in restoring control in
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would become a cause for a possible future military incursion by Russia, which eventually did take place in 2014, in the form of an
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had intelligence data that Russia was preparing a military operation against Georgia in August–September 2008 which mainly aimed to
18624:
18552:
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12366:"President Medvedev signed a plan to resolve the Georgian-South Ossetia conflict, based on the six principles previously agreed on"
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also took place. Russian forces pulled back from the buffer areas bordering Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 8 October 2008 and the
2976:
2716:. An allegation of an attack by a NATO MiG-29 was made by the Russian Ambassador to NATO, Dmitry Rogozin. NATO Secretary General
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Vladimir Putin. The separatist-authored legislative documents and the separatist-accredited bodies were also recognised. After a
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adopted a resolution on 21 March, in which it called on the President of Russia and the government to consider the recognition.
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14061:"Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/ South Ossetia, Georgia"
13976:
11968:
11542:
9810:
9625:
of two roadside bombs, believed to have been planted by South Ossetian separatists sympathetic to Russia, as a decisive moment.
7459:
6302:
5936:
5929:
2175:
1530:
1525:
1143:
192,000 civilians displaced (including 30,000 South Ossetians who moved to Russia; and 15,000 Georgians from South Ossetia per
17:
15001:
12598:
12188:
11508:
11105:
10523:
10084:
9510:
8529:
6723:
4000:
1119:: 162 civilians, according to Russia; 365 people killed in total, according to South Ossetia; 255 wounded, according to Russia
19286:
19052:
18904:
18568:
17068:
16495:
16474:
16453:
16349:
16328:
16241:
16220:
15818:
14764:
14431:
14289:
13785:
13268:
13243:
13061:
12624:
9845:
9543:
9431:
9053:
7986:
7661:
6387:
6155:
5956:
4777:
4308:
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against Georgian authorities. In 2007, Georgia established what Russia called a "puppet government" in South Ossetia, led by
2345:
2036:
1984:
1749:
1517:
15758:
10439:"Dmitry Medvedev held an emergency meeting with permanent members of the Security Council on the situation in South Ossetia"
10216:
9549:
9214:
8249:
7667:
6835:
2357:
on 24 June 1992 to prevent the escalation of the conflict with Russia. Georgian, South Ossetian, Russian and North Ossetian
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18802:
18654:
18542:
18050:
17419:
17409:
16703:
15181:
14133:
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13724:
13645:
13385:
13028:
12946:
12811:
12750:
12566:
12294:
11400:
11082:
11022:
9917:
9787:
9375:
9083:
8881:
8851:
8220:
6866:
3810:
3725:
3223:
2918:
2591:
2228:
2155:
1744:
1507:
1357:
16233:
From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the Making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh
15873:
14560:
13848:
12889:
12863:
12837:
12694:
12650:
12536:
11874:
11826:
11769:
11265:
10153:
10102:
10021:
9712:
9168:
8971:
8945:
8821:
8787:
8734:
8594:
8506:
8362:
8007:
5867:): (1, P 204, destroyed) (2, P 203 scuttled and subsequently refloated but not returned to service) (3, P 205, destroyed).
3768:
of the United States. Shortly after the war, Russian president Medvedev unveiled a five-point Russian foreign policy. The
18669:
18659:
17827:
17444:
13936:
13705:
13611:
10460:
4255:
4142:
3803:
brought the memories of the Russo-Georgian War again into a broader geopolitical focus. In an opinion piece published in
3419:
reported on 14 August that a reporter had witnessed 45 craters near the intersection of Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline and
3187:"The Price of Independence", artwork on a residential building damaged by Russian strikes during the war in downtown Gori
2955:
2640:
2600:
2542:
2479:
704:
18105:
14211:
13675:
12415:
8310:
7857:
5097:
were destroyed in combat and two were captured. At least 20 BMPs were captured after the hostilities, including several
19316:
19246:
18644:
18619:
18609:
18486:
17988:
17658:
17490:
17377:
16856:
13825:
13408:
12973:
10555:
5661:
3266:
The occupation lasted until 22 August, when Russian troops departed and Georgian police re-entered the city. Georgia's
2849:
2816:. A total of 1,630 servicemen, including 1,000 American troops, took part in the exercise, which concluded on 31 July.
2433:
2310:
2016:
1976:
1754:
1595:
1585:
1567:
16593:
16360:
13003:
12262:
8069:
3816:
stated that Russia's actions in Georgia in 2008 was one of the lessons of the past that the West has failed to learn.
2336:
endorsed South Ossetian nationalism as a counter against the Georgian independence movement. On 11 December 1990, the
19141:
19063:
18936:
18790:
18770:
18455:
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17600:
17219:
17165:
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17103:
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17043:
17033:
17011:
17006:
16983:
16978:
16953:
16929:
16924:
16909:
16769:
16520:
Countdown to War in Georgia, Russia's Foreign Policy and Media Coverage of the Conflict in South Ossetia and Abkhazia
14000:
10482:
9191:
5062:
as the "demilitarization of the Georgian Armed Forces". Most losses of armaments were sustained after the ceasefire.
3656:
2688:
2236:
14185:
11167:
9337:
8764:
8460:
2760:
predicted that Vladimir Putin would start a war against Georgia in Abkhazia and South Ossetia supposedly in August.
18853:
18795:
17202:
17138:
16963:
16876:
16166:
15625:
14337:
13799:
7052:
6626:
5630:
5116:
were captured after the hostilities. Two Buk-M1 launch vehicles and their transport loaders, as well as up to five
5020:
The evolution of the Russian Army into a professional force was not deemed as fruitful. In September 2008, General
4973:
was unavailable, since the war zone was blacked out. Due to the negligence of Russian defence minister, the use of
4731:
4414:
4138:
3532:
3279:
2829:
2797:
2314:
2200:
1996:
1923:
1696:
1435:
1234:
726:
693:
14844:
14311:
13465:
11709:
11435:
19098:
19011:
18812:
18785:
18731:
18506:
18393:
18383:
18141:
17978:
17595:
17355:
17340:
17281:
16640:
13756:"Human Rights in Areas Affected by the South Ossetia Conflict. Special Mission to Georgia and Russian Federation"
13127:
11336:
9740:
7509:
7262:
6935:
6931:
6900:
6080:
3737:
3631:
On 25 August 2008, the Russian parliament passed a motion, with no one voting against. The motion called for the
3595:
3528:
2998:, parts of the regular (non-peacekeeping) Russian Army had already moved to South Ossetian territory through the
2737:
2696:
2131:
1988:
1831:
1691:
1391:
1381:
195:
17797:
17495:
15137:
10899:
6987:
4290:
In November 2008, Georgia called on the EU to conduct an independent inquiry who was to blame for the conflict.
19276:
19266:
19071:
18898:
18775:
18592:
18471:
17939:
17063:
17027:
12913:"The Emergence of an Expanded Forum to Replace the G8: The Silver Lining to the Cloud over Russia and the West"
11287:
10837:
8708:
7180:
6743:
6238:
5204:, the five-day war cost Russia an estimated 12.5 billion rubles, a daily cost of 2.5 billion rubles.
5017:
orchestrated effort by the government to 'sell' reform to the military and garner support among the populace."
3956:
3952:
3675:
From 2009 onwards, the Russian Federation expanded existing military infrastructure in both regions. First the
3408:
3191:
Russian bombers attacked Gori on 12 August, killing seven people and wounding over thirty. Dutch TV journalist
2298:
2161:
2127:
1847:
1672:
1347:
54:
11317:
10000:
8099:
2290:
and assault the Georgian natives. During uprisings in 1919 and 1920, the Ossetians were covertly supported by
19036:
18758:
17837:
17478:
17229:
16958:
16784:
16779:
16734:
14707:
13100:"Bases for 49 years – Federation Council ratified agreements on military bases in Abkhazia and South Ossetia"
12064:
8651:
8560:
7878:
5994:
4750:
4356:
3550:
On 17 August, Medvedev announced that Russian military would start to pull out of Georgia the following day.
3404:
2377:
2341:
2215:
In the 10th century AD, Georgia for the first time emerged as an ethnic concept in the territories where the
2012:
1992:
13285:
11852:
11590:
8924:
7202:
19311:
19194:
18919:
18893:
18841:
18780:
18481:
18215:
18110:
18078:
17862:
17832:
17782:
17555:
17525:
17520:
17461:
17350:
17345:
17313:
17254:
17175:
17133:
17016:
14687:
12446:
11494:
11472:
10859:
10832:
9238:
7586:
5127:
5123:
were also captured. The Russian military seized 1,728 firearms at the Senaki Second Infantry Brigade base.
4211:
4134:
3948:
2769:
2302:
2165:
2139:
2028:
1852:
1415:
1386:
721:
202:
31:
13439:
8392:
8275:
5187:
long-range bomber were lost. Georgia at that time claimed it had downed no less than 21 Russian aircraft.
3136:
19321:
19236:
18878:
18868:
18604:
18547:
18378:
18356:
18235:
18043:
17944:
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17822:
17812:
17802:
17690:
17673:
17545:
17414:
17382:
17318:
17207:
17098:
17083:
16919:
16253:"The Russian Georgian war: a trilateral cognitive institutional approach of the crisis decision – making"
15034:
9131:
5966:
5689:
5682:
5521:
5514:
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5248:
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3904:
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3300:
3283:
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2869:
2773:
2220:
2076:
1916:
1615:
1352:
1229:
1207:
16581:
15107:
14110:МИД Украины: Развитие событий в Южной Осетии свидетельствует о неэффективности миротворческого механизма
12487:
11247:
9619:
9397:
8491:
7817:
6180:
6133:
3975:
South Ossetian officials believed to bear responsibility for war crimes committed during the 2008 war —
19241:
19210:
19103:
19041:
19016:
18537:
18290:
18095:
18008:
17934:
17590:
17128:
17118:
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17078:
16693:
16633:
8030:
7846:
7025:
6761:
5811:
5086:
4328:
3980:
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and the fact that Russia would feel endangered by subversion of local Russia-friendly administrations.
3082:
1342:
1273:
357:
16603:
12912:
10635:
10442:
3478:" operation in Georgia. Later that day he met French President Nicolas Sarkozy (who held the rotating
19281:
19146:
18827:
18807:
18445:
18418:
17929:
17807:
17429:
17323:
17123:
13982:. Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions, and Orders. International Court of Justice. Archived from
12100:
6656:
6019:
5675:
5126:
The Georgian Navy lost one boat at sea according to Russia. In Poti, four boats were submerged. Nine
5078:
5066:
4650:
4594:
3983:, respectively, holding the positions of Minister of Internal Affairs, head of a detention centre in
3311:
was probably responsible for the sinking. The Georgian coast was blockaded by vessels of the Russian
3251:
and one fighter said that "It will be part of an independent country within the Russian Federation."
2897:" against Georgia. The razing of the village of Nuli was ordered by South Ossetian interior minister
2337:
2052:
1500:
1495:
1337:
16580:
The EU Investigation Report on the August 2008 War and the Reactions from Georgia and Russia in the
3239:
The humanitarian conditions in Gori by 16 August was assessed as "desperate" by the United Nations.
19331:
19215:
18858:
18557:
18403:
18361:
18346:
18280:
17983:
17570:
17276:
16851:
16655:
14459:
11994:
11604:
11572:
10371:
7420:
6628:Юрий ТАНАЕВ: "Грузинская сторона по моральному духу и боеготовности не готова к активным действиям"
5853:
5839:
4974:
4767:
4699:
3676:
3639:
The recognition by Russia was condemned by the United States, France, the secretary-general of the
3299:
A naval confrontation occurred between Russian and Georgian vessels on 10 August. According to the
1542:
1410:
15536:
14225:
13316:
13178:
12240:
9472:
7904:
6503:
6042:'s status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is recognised by
2332:
Nationalism in Soviet Georgia gained momentum in 1989 with the weakening of the Soviet Union. The
19326:
19271:
19161:
18883:
18408:
18331:
18240:
17483:
17212:
16831:
15456:
15219:
14929:
14904:
13261:
The Military Balance. The Annual Assessment of Global Military Capabilities and Defence Economics
12502:
12335:
11927:
11635:
11126:
11048:
10984:
10756:
10722:
10600:
10254:
8625:
7454:
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5025:
5008:
4853:
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4713:
4388:
3420:
3371:
2837:
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2708:
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2313:
created an autonomous administrative unit for Transcaucasian Ossetians in April 1922, called the
1867:
1706:
1475:
683:
13826:"Violations of Human Rights and Norms of Humanitarian law in the Conflict Zone in South Ossetia"
13230:
12773:
12384:
6356:
6079:
Georgian territory. Georgia continues to claim the area as its own territory, designating it as
3541:
Russian forces stayed in South Ossetia after the conflict, including at the Java base (pictured)
3257:
commented that Moscow's apparent plan to recreate Greater South Ossetia was coming to fruition.
2456:
in 2006, Russia began a full-scale diplomatic and economic war against Georgia, followed by the
2146:
for three Russian nationals because of war crimes against ethnic Georgians during the conflict.
18306:
18055:
17998:
17817:
17685:
17360:
16881:
16816:
15498:
13078:"Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of Russia arrived on a working visit to South Ossetia"
12369:
11373:
10874:
6414:
6198:
5864:
5860:
5339:
5120:
5090:
5082:
4360:
3933:
and were willing to live in South Ossetia, were coerced into obtaining a Russian passport. The
3744:
argued that "Historians will come to view Aug. 8, 2008, as a turning point" because it "marked
3632:
3200:
2825:
2820:
action was the focal point of the joint exercise. The Georgian brigade was trained to serve in
2745:
2627:
2507:. Restoring South Ossetia and Abkhazia to Georgian control was a first concern of Saakashvili.
2344:
broke out between Georgia and South Ossetian separatists in January 1991. Georgia declared its
2072:
2004:
1625:
1447:
1396:
221:
17073:
16485:
11220:
11189:
9262:
9240:Александр Дугин:"Мы приехали как сторонники независимости Южной Осетии, а уедем её фанатиками"
7976:
7765:
7653:
Understanding Ethnopolitical Conflict: Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia Wars Reconsidered
5394:
close air support aircraft: (1, destroyed) (1, damaged beyond economical repair and scrapped).
3176:
air raid had killed 60 civilians. No less than 5 Georgian cities had been bombed by 9 August.
3002:
before the Georgian military operation. Even the state-controlled Russian TV aired Abkhazia's
2467:, Russia supplied two-thirds of South Ossetia's yearly budget before the war. South Ossetia's
71:
18413:
18115:
18088:
18023:
17956:
17615:
17575:
17335:
17264:
16713:
15310:
13134:
12994:
12154:
10948:
7534:
6809:
6785:
6706:
6065:
The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from
5874:
5668:
4555:
4348:
3385:
3152:
Destroyed apartment building in Gori after Russian air raid, picture taken 10 September 2008.
2717:
2619:
1857:
1729:
1610:
1580:
1470:
810:
58:
14734:
14692:
14446:
The Effects of Russian Propaganda on Georgia's Diplomatic Relations: 2008 Russo-Georgian War
14060:
11896:
8167:
6679:
18822:
18316:
17148:
16821:
16718:
16688:
16598:
15186:
15038:
12320:
11568:
9973:
6558:
5849:: (1, scuttled but subsequently refloated and returned to service as a training platform.).
4863:
4372:
4352:
4286:
Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War § EU_Independent_Fact_Finding_Mission_Report
4272:
4184:
4009:
3267:
3215:
3020:
2644:
2068:
1212:
664:
16415:
15559:
14445:
14363:
10791:"Georgia: Russia fighting on several fronts as Georgian troops withdraw to defend Tbilisi"
7410:""Little Green Men": A Primer on Modern Russian Unconventional Warfare, Ukraine 2013–2014"
6159:
4376:, an English-language magazine published by the Russian non-governmental organisation the
4233:) announced that the EU and the US would send a joint delegation to negotiate a ceasefire.
3899:
8:
18996:
18973:
18634:
18476:
18450:
18373:
18326:
18230:
18028:
17857:
17723:
17653:
17510:
17038:
16973:
16744:
16393:
16252:
13561:
12032:
9922:
7937:
5989:
5961:
5922:
5029:
information-gathering negligence. Many Russian land units reportedly were short of ammo.
4218:
France and Germany took an intermediate position, abstaining from naming a guilty party:
4196:
4012:
3934:
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3565:
3463:
3390:
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1592:
551:
225:
16382:
13258:
10061:
9891:
4991:
4243:
conveyed her concern about the humanitarian situation in Georgia and urged to cease war.
2728:
the Kodori Gorge or near the Abkhaz border by either party was confirmed by the UNOMIG.
2583:
One of President Saakashvili's primary aims for Georgia was to become a member state of
2340:, responding to South Ossetia's attempt at secession, annulled the region's autonomy. A
19021:
18501:
18430:
18398:
18388:
18351:
18321:
18311:
18146:
18003:
17968:
17713:
17695:
17630:
17610:
17249:
17001:
16899:
16871:
16754:
16739:
16506:
The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918–2012: The First Georgian Republic and its Successors
16371:
16303:
16264:
15476:
14258:
14155:
13882:"South Ossetian police tell Georgians to take a Russian passport, or leave their homes"
13829:
13728:
13522:
13104:
11932:
11193:
9609:
6965:
6813:
5612:
5210:
5134:
4930:
4922:
4559:
4324:
4303:
3930:
3913:
3805:
3774:
3702:, about 60,000 ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia became vulnerable after the mission's end.
3569:
3352:
3240:
3219:
3141:
3131:
3103:
3034:
2933:
2817:
2531:
2251:
2224:
2135:
2051:, a separatist stronghold, within hours. Some Russian troops had illicitly crossed the
1958:
1537:
1425:
1401:
1376:
1268:
1263:
676:
579:
405:
345:
13359:
10688:
9023:
8993:
8407:
8385:"Russia's NATO envoy says offering Georgia membership track would bolster separatists"
7306:
4913:
3612:
3210:
The Russian military was warning during the march towards Gori on 13 August that they
2463:
By 2008, most residents of South Ossetia had obtained Russian passports. According to
19091:
19086:
18982:
18951:
18583:
18425:
18366:
18341:
18270:
18203:
17993:
17951:
17766:
17620:
17560:
17367:
17293:
17271:
17170:
17048:
16861:
16841:
16836:
16826:
16661:
16491:
16470:
16449:
16345:
16324:
16237:
16216:
15814:
15480:
15343:
14947:
13923:
13921:
13919:
13619:
13264:
13239:
13057:
11159:Генерал-лейтенант Анатолий Хрулев: Мои войска могли взять Тбилиси, но не было приказа
10284:
10173:
9539:
8332:
7982:
7657:
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5021:
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4070:
4054:
3840:
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3680:
3640:
3475:
2937:
2882:
2789:
2757:
2590:
Although Georgia has no notable gas or oil reserves, its territory hosts part of the
2216:
2064:
1954:
1883:
1452:
1420:
634:
627:
622:
615:
610:
603:
598:
586:
574:
560:
545:
421:
393:
381:
369:
295:
163:
50:
17878:
15972:
15051:
13983:
13526:
11960:
11534:
9994:"Spot Report: Update on the situation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict"
9820:
7449:
6009:– a 2009 Russian war drama film and the first feature film on the Russo-Georgian War
4176:
3773:"privileged interests" attached to them underlined Russia's particular stake in the
2917:
Saakashvili to contact the President of Russia about the conflict was curbed by the
2207:
91:
19151:
18956:
18931:
18639:
18532:
18250:
18245:
17961:
17605:
17550:
17456:
17197:
16968:
16938:
16904:
16749:
15468:
14991:
13858:
13512:
13504:
12672:
12588:
12184:
12127:
11512:
10513:
9502:
7518:
6729:
5703:
5042:
4867:
4312:
4291:
4005:
3976:
3729:
3551:
3537:
3328:
3111:
2898:
2793:
2535:
2380:. By 2003, the population of Abkhazia was reduced from 525,000 to 216,000 after an
2318:
1560:
1555:
1490:
639:
448:
417:
14768:
14427:
13916:
12620:
10206:
9835:
9224:
9049:
8915:
5495:
5093:
before the conflict. Less than 10 armoured vehicles were destroyed in combat. Two
4307:
thus emboldened aggressive Russia's president to attack Ukraine. According to the
3485:
The plan embodied the following statutes (dismissed additions are parenthesised):
19173:
18649:
18511:
18491:
18435:
18285:
18151:
18065:
17625:
17372:
17224:
17192:
16866:
16846:
16464:
16443:
16339:
16318:
16231:
16210:
15750:
14230:
13508:
12269:
9591:
9533:
8923:. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. Archived from
8484:"Analysis: energy pipeline that supplies West threatened by war Georgia conflict"
8245:
7651:
7567:
Russia guilty of violations during 2008 war with Georgia, says Europe's top court
6005:
5882:
Trucks, Vehicles and Jeeps (44, of which destroyed: 17, damaged: 1, captured: 26)
5109:
5047:
4998:
4258:
3620:
3467:
3312:
3214:
ethnic Georgian civilians in villages if the latter did not demonstrate signs of
3196:
3119:
3090:
passed the Roki Tunnel and Java and were on the road to Tskhinvali. According to
2761:
2652:
2647:
2578:
2538:(former South Ossetian prime minister), calling it a provisional administration.
2500:
2441:
2354:
2143:
2092:
2044:
2024:
1872:
1480:
731:
566:
512:
318:
111:
15869:
15195:
14926:"Russian Forces in the Georgian War: Preliminary Assessment and Recommendations"
14125:
14030:
13637:
12938:
12885:
12859:
12833:
12803:
12742:
12690:
12646:
12558:
12532:
12286:
12210:
11822:
11765:
11392:
11261:
11014:
10483:"The Russian Air Force didn't perform well during the conflict in South Ossetia"
10149:
10098:
10017:
9779:
9610:
Dmitry Beliakov; Sarah Baxter; Matthew Campbell; Nicola Smith (17 August 2008).
9367:
9303:
9075:
8967:
8941:
8873:
8843:
8817:
8730:
8590:
8358:
8212:
8003:
6858:
6827:
6314:
4207:
4077:
naval base would not be extended in 2017. Ukrainians suspected that pro-Russian
3236:
during the war and received new orders, the 58th Army would have taken Tbilisi.
2606:
2587:, which has been one of the major stumbling blocks in Georgia–Russia relations.
18968:
17921:
17708:
17535:
17298:
17288:
16665:
13928:
13697:
13612:"Opinion | Boris Johnson: 6 Steps the West Must Take to Help Ukraine Right Now"
13002:. Lynn Reinner Publishers. pp. 98–99 (4.1), 136–137 (4.16). Archived from
11866:
11509:"Abchasen räumen Minen und suchen versprengte georgische Truppen im Kodori-Tal"
11111:
10150:"'Georgia Decided to Restore Constitutional Order in S.Ossetia' – MoD Official"
9024:"General Assembly recognizes right of return of displaced to Abkhazia, Georgia"
8514:
7551:
Strasbourg court rules Russia has 'direct control' over Abkhazia, South Ossetia
5312:
Armoured Personnel Carriers (5, of which destroyed: 3, damaged: 1, captured: 1)
5215:
4336:
4230:
4192:
4180:
4129:
4118:
4108:
4019:
3871:
Human Rights Watch (HRW) states that all parties to the war seriously breached
3753:
3749:
3745:
3624:
3616:
3192:
3099:
3062:
3007:
2972:
2890:
2701:
2623:
2611:
2558:
2546:
2484:
2437:
2428:
2413:
2388:
in northeast Abkhazia remained beyond the Abkhaz separatist government's sway.
2259:
2232:
2192:
2020:
1970:
1129:
763:
500:
436:
332:
16445:
A Little War That Shook the World: Georgia, Russia, and the Future of the West
15472:
13667:
11735:
9702:
9587:"Countdown in the Caucasus: Seven days that brought Russia and Georgia to war"
9187:Россия начнет войну против Грузии предположительно в августе – П. Фельгенгауер
8681:
6399:
3963:
2014, 20,272 persons were still displaced, with their return being blocked by
3394:
described this bombing as "Russia's revenge". A Georgian military airstrip in
3222:, the commander of the Russian occupying troops, stated on 14 August that the
19230:
19131:
19026:
19003:
18961:
18873:
18744:
18156:
18038:
17668:
17505:
17143:
16529:
The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century
15052:
David A. Fulghum; Douglas Barrie; Robert Wall; Andy Nativi (15 August 2008).
14923:
14108:
13623:
11127:"For Russian Armor, Even With Rice in Georgia, Cease-Fire Is Not a Red Light"
10518:
8306:
7530:
6039:
5982:
5974:
5013:
4240:
3892:
3853:
3813:
3761:
3699:
3591:
3172:
2886:
2765:
2679:
2657:
2527:
2373:
2263:
2255:
2188:
2119:
1962:
1897:
1640:
1605:
777:
475:
455:
443:
431:
266:
217:
183:
133:
125:
16167:"Russia's Wars: Listing Equipment Losses During The 2008 Russo-Georgian War"
14087:"Situation in Georgia: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber delivers three arrest warrants"
13833:
13334:
10545:
8918:"Russia's War in Georgia: Causes and Implications for Georgia and the World"
4558:
in the number of forces, heavy hardware and planes. The 58th Army fought in
3643:, the president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the
3164:
3041:
3025:
2921:, which said: "the time for presidential negotiations has not yet arrived."
2855:
2396:
Transcaucasia lies between the Russian region of the North Caucasus and the
100:
19156:
18989:
18941:
18161:
17424:
16948:
16914:
16669:
16525:
16469:. Studies of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
14378:"La Géorgie et la Russie s'affrontent pour le contrôle de l'Ossétie du Sud"
13493:"The Russo-Georgian war and beyond: towards a European great power concert"
13338:
13185:
10953:
10879:
9106:"European Parliament resolution of 5 June 2008 on the situation in Georgia"
8061:
7810:"Analysis: roots of the conflict between Georgia, South Ossetia and Russia"
7301:
6361:
5790:
5598:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5363:
5102:
4895:
4828:
4149:
4104:
3845:
3741:
3316:
3304:
3253:
3160:
An air raid of the Russian army in August 2008 destroyed this house in Gori
3148:
3095:
2907:
2595:
2417:
2385:
2358:
2271:
2211:
Creation of the South Ossetian AO in the place of Georgian regions in 1922.
2180:
2084:
2079:
held by Georgia, while Russian naval forces blockaded part of the Georgian
1980:
750:
698:
688:
17185:
16298:. Strategic Studies Institute. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
12969:
12647:"MIA: Russia's Moves in Perevi Aim at 'Renewal of Military Confrontation'"
10486:
9185:
7875:"March 31: Georgia moves towards independence, first president's birthday"
7583:
Situation in Georgia: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber delivers three arrest warrants
5624:
Engineering Vehicles And Equipment (5, of which destroyed: 1, captured: 4)
4311:
think tank, the EU report was influenced by Russian state propaganda. The
3499:
Georgian military forces must withdraw to their normal bases of encampment
19126:
18083:
18073:
17787:
17530:
17259:
17180:
17113:
16943:
16547:
Chronology of Bombing Facts by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
14993:В зону конфликта переброшены роты чеченских батальонов "Восток" и "Запад"
14788:
14480:
14193:
13747:
11157:
10286:СМИ: российские войска вошли в Южную Осетию еще до начала боевых действий
9506:
9338:"Russia says it sent warplanes over South Ossetia to 'prevent bloodshed'"
8756:
8452:
7351:"Opinion: Spark of hope that Russia's aggression will not pass this time"
5745:
4978:
4295:
4145:
3782:
3668:
limited to 500 servicemen in South Ossetia (JPKF) and 1,600 in Abkhazia (
3474:
On 12 August, Russian President Medvedev announced the cessation of the "
3078:
3050:
2999:
2968:
2401:
2397:
2056:
591:
16559:
On the situation around Abkhazia and South Ossetia @ President of Russia
15615:
14792:
14333:
13157:"Border guards completed the arrangement of the border in South Ossetia"
10788:
10659:"Georgia conflict: Screams of the injured rise from residential streets"
10085:"Georgia: Can WikiLeaks Cables Change the Russia-Georgia War Narrative?"
7048:
6632:
6313:(13). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from
6050:
government and most of the world's other states consider South Ossetia
5650:
2 Mini MineWolf remote controlled mine clearance systems: (2, captured).
4210:
drew parallels between the Russian intervention and the crushing of the
1286:
19168:
18100:
18018:
17734:
17565:
17515:
17434:
17303:
14303:
14208:"Foreign Secretary deplores continued fighting in Georgia (09/08/2008)"
13517:
10912:
9447:"International Large-Scale Military Exercise 'Immediate Response 2008'"
7766:"Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia"
5773:
4099:
4074:
4028:
3984:
3885:
3872:
3579:
Russia continued to maintain a single station in the border village of
3519:
wrote on 13 August that "the idea there is a ceasefire is ridiculous".
3362:
3320:
3293:
3211:
2981:
2809:
2550:
2522:
2425:
Ossetia was originally intended as a tool to retain a grip on Georgia.
2326:
2322:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2048:
1575:
1125:: 224 civilians killed and 15 missing, 547 injured according to Georgia
132:
on fire; US humanitarian supplies arriving in Georgia; Russian tank in
129:
16575:
13053:
Russia's Recognition of the Independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
12995:
New York University Center on International Cooperation (CIC) (2007).
12480:"Russian troops in partial pullout keeping checkpoints within Georgia"
10599:
Schwirtz, Michael; Barnard, Anne; Kramer, Andrew E. (11 August 2008).
9428:"Russia, U.S. hold war games on opposite sides of Caucasus: officials"
8916:
Svante E. Cornell; Johanna Popjanevski; Niklas Nilsson (August 2008).
6889:
5925:: (3, destroyed) (1, damaged) (1, damaged and captured) (2, captured).
3601:
3156:
1973:
region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century.
19081:
18614:
17792:
17153:
14784:Госсовет России формулирует новую внешнеполитическую стратегию страны
13128:"Behind barbed wire: Human rights toll of "borderization" in Georgia"
13099:
9734:
5909:
5902:
5818:
5804:
5468:
5227:
5150:
5105:
armoured vehicles. Dozens of automobiles and lorries were also lost.
4969:, precision-guided munitions could not be used and the US-controlled
4633:
4160:
4073:
suggested that the contract between Ukraine and Russia regarding the
3496:
Free access to humanitarian aid (and to allow the return of refugees)
3259:
3248:
3087:
2959:
2635:
2421:
2247:
2100:
2080:
1158:
14924:
James Jay Carafano; Ariel Cohen; Lajos F. Szaszdi (20 August 2008).
13286:"Security and human rights observers to close South Ossetia mission"
10485:. Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from
7381:"In the shadow of Ukraine: seven years on from Russian-Georgian war"
6747:
5543:
Infantry Fighting Vehicles (25, of which destroyed: 6, captured: 19)
5211:
A detailed list of the destroyed and captured vehicles of both sides
5156:
Georgian Defence Minister Davit Kezerashvili said that Georgia lost
4663:
693rd Motorised Rifle Regiment of the 19th Motorised Rifle Division
3903:
Tserovani, one of the villages built by the Georgian government for
30:"Russian invasion of Georgia" redirects here. For the 1921 war, see
19136:
18739:
18172:
17910:
17718:
17580:
15309:
Cooper, Helene; Chivers, C.J.; Levy, Clifford J. (17 August 2008).
14382:
13056:. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society (SPPS). p. 184.
12594:
12503:"Georgia Prepares for Refugees; Russians Declare Pullback Finished"
9531:
7570:
7554:
7111:"Georgia & Russia: The 'Unknown' Prelude to the 'Five Day War'"
6828:"UNHCR secures safe passage for Georgians fearing further fighting"
6467:
6394:
6013:
5895:
5731:
5710:
5571:
Armoured Personnel Carriers (3, of which destroyed: 2, captured: 1)
5461:
5454:
5426:
5419:
5277:
Infantry Fighting Vehicles (20, of which destroyed: 19, damaged: 1)
5193:
5157:
5117:
5113:
5054:
4773:
3941:
3765:
3710:
3627:(right) shortly after the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
3507:
3458:
3395:
2833:
2306:
2183:, showing the territory of modern South Ossetia within Georgia and
2060:
1966:
1890:
1862:
846:
791:
519:
507:
495:
279:
80:
16295:
The Russian Military and the Georgia War: Lessons and Implications
14428:"Belarus leader applauds Russian response to South Ossetia crisis"
13228:
11370:"The Russian-Georgian War: A Challenge for the U.S. and the World"
8731:"Russia Brushes off Western Call to Revoke Abkhaz, S.Ossetia Move"
7874:
7502:"Russia resurgent? Moscow's campaign to 'coerce Georgia to peace'"
5529:
Armoured Fighting Vehicles (2, of which destroyed: 1, captured: 1)
5380:
close air support aircraft: (1, damaged beyond economical repair).
5256:
Armoured Fighting Vehicles (4, of which destroyed: 3, captured: 1)
5172:
4053:
Russian actions during the war were heavily criticised by several
3411:
near the airport was also attacked by Russia that day. A civilian
2836:. Later, Dale Herspring, an expert on Russian military affairs at
2495:
The conflicts in Georgia remained at a stalemate until 2004, when
18709:
18265:
18260:
15383:"Georgia War Shows Russia Army Now a 'Force to Be Reckoned With'"
14808:"Naval Imbalance in the Black Sea After the Russian-Georgian War"
13698:"2.2 Indiscriminate Shelling of Tskhinvali and Outlying Villages"
13259:
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2018).
12860:"OSCE Chair Condemns Russia's Recognition of Abkhazia, S.Ossetia"
12451:
12128:"RIA Novosti hit by cyber-attacks as conflict with Georgia rages"
11240:"Putin has given us an order that everyone must leave or be shot"
9503:"Russian paratroopers arrive in North Caucasus for combat drills"
6075:
6052:
5888:
5870:
1 Project 1387 class patrol boat Tskhaltubo '101': (1, scuttled).
5752:
5724:
5485:
5478:
5447:
5405:
5177:
4966:
4961:
4754:
4275:
said on 19 August, "Russia acted calmly, wisely and beautifully."
4168:
4164:
3859:
3721:
3336:
3244:
2987:
2813:
2631:
2566:
2464:
2333:
2309:
in 1921 and a Soviet government was installed. The government of
2283:
2184:
2107:
14356:"Differences emerge in Europe of a response to Georgia conflict"
9430:. Canada.com. Agence France-Presse. 15 July 2008. Archived from
9248:
8709:"Russia moves toward open annexation of Abkhazia, South Ossetia"
8359:"Russia Warns Against Tbilisi's 'S.Ossetia Administration' Plan"
8150:
8148:
8135:
8133:
5697:
Self-Propelled Artillery (9, of which destroyed: 6, captured: 3)
5196:
and a Mi-24, were wrecked in an accident after the hostilities.
5183:
Russia admitted that three of its Su-25 strike aircraft and one
3888:. Attacks by militias compelled Georgian civilians to run away.
3323:
before full-scale hostilities between Russia and Georgia began.
2776:; this would be followed by the expulsion of Georgian units and
1995:
between Georgia and separatists resulted in parts of the former
18946:
18714:
18275:
18255:
16657:
13959:"South Ossetia Floods European Rights Court With Georgia Cases"
10789:
Damien McElroy; Adrian Blomfield; Jon Swaine (11 August 2008).
9473:"Russians Melded Old-School Blitz With Modern Military Tactics"
9050:"Russia says UN Abkhazian refugee resolution counterproductive"
8558:
8001:
7076:
6463:"Full scale war: Georgia fighting continues over South Ossetia"
6337:. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from
6332:
6126:"Russian-backed paramilitaries 'ethnically cleansing villages'"
5943:
5759:
5637:
5616:
5591:
5577:
5496:
Georgia (186, of which destroyed: 89, damaged: 1, captured: 96)
5440:
5398:
5325:
5318:
5269:
5262:
4935:
4926:
4172:
4078:
4035:
3925:
3917:
3864:
3849:
3694:
3580:
3556:
3340:
3228:
2511:
2405:
2111:
1904:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
326:
312:
253:
12444:
12385:"Georgian villages burned and looted as Russian tanks advance"
10913:
Kim Sengupta; Shaun Walker; Rupert Cornwell (17 August 2008).
10853:
10390:
8618:"Vladimir Putin tells summit he wants security and friendship"
6725:Мы полагаем, что мы в полной мере доказали состав преступления
4638:
Two battalions of the 135th Separate Motorised Rifle Regiment
4549:
3795:
territorial integrity of, Georgia in 2008 may have encouraged
14971:
14969:
14535:"Georgia 'triggered' war with Russia, EU investigation finds"
10629:
9967:"On the eve of war: The Sequence of events on august 7, 2008"
8145:
8130:
7325:
5644:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5535:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5241:
5184:
5146:
5138:
5098:
5094:
4735:
4522:
Regional Police units in the regions near the conflict areas
3921:
3881:
3412:
3307:
had attacked the Russian Navy ships. The Russian patrol ship
3288:
3030:
2792:
jets flew over South Ossetia on 8 July. A scheduled visit of
15707:
15705:
15703:
15701:
15699:
15455:
Pallin, Carolina Vendil; Fredrik Westerlund (24 July 2009).
15175:
15173:
13582:
12234:
12232:
10579:
10577:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10122:
10120:
9661:
9659:
9657:
9167:. International Crisis Group. 22 August 2008. Archived from
7392:
7390:
7233:"THE GOALS BEHIND MOSCOW'S PROXY OFFENSIVE IN SOUTH OSSETIA"
6806:"Civilians in the line of fire: The Georgia-Russia conflict"
6767:
6703:"Basic Facts: Consequences of Russian Aggression in Georgia"
5216:
Russia (78, of which destroyed: 74, damaged: 2, captured: 2)
3967:
authorities. The International Criminal Court concluded its
2873:
the bomb explosion which marked the opening of hostilities.
14986:
14984:
13248:– via Rowman & Littlefield International, London.
12416:"Bush, European Leaders Urge Quick Withdrawal From Georgia"
8504:
7079:"Eyewitness Accounts Confirm Shelling Of Georgian Villages"
6766:(in Russian). osetinfo.ru. 4 September 2008. Archived from
6676:"List of Casualties among the Georgian Military Servicemen"
6609:
6607:
6605:
6533:
6531:
6444:
6442:
6440:
5566:: (2, destroyed) (2, captured and destroyed) (5, captured).
5517:: (4, destroyed) (17, captured and destroyed) (8, captured)
5234:
5142:
5070:
3357:
2821:
2584:
2409:
2384:, the single largest ethnic group in the region. The upper
2115:
2106:
Russian forces temporarily occupied the Georgian cities of
16513:
Russian Foreign Policy: The Return of Great Power Politics
16361:"The Russian-Georgian War Of 2008: Causes And Implication"
15954:
15952:
15950:
15948:
15946:
15944:
15942:
15940:
15809:
Mikaberidze, Alexander (1 February 2015). "ARMED FORCES".
14966:
13419:
13384:. International Centre for Defense Studies. Archived from
12774:"Russia defies west by recognising Georgian rebel regions"
12691:"Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory"
12621:"Russia hands over control of Georgian buffer zones to EU"
11667:"Georgia conflict: Russian troops accused of selling loot"
11565:"Russia moves into Georgian territory as conflict worsens"
11190:"Russia/Georgia: Militias Attack Civilians in Gori Region"
10350:
10348:
10333:
10036:
9671:
8632:
8106:
7956:
7845:
7824:
7592:
7450:"Evidence in Georgia Belies Russia's Claims of 'Genocide'"
7447:
6963:
6239:"Lessons and losses of Georgia's five-day war with Russia"
4982:
said that in the conflict new weapons were not tried out.
3867:, after arson attack, on the road from Tskhinvali to Java.
3319:
for the Black Sea Fleet, which had probably departed from
3303:, the Russian fleet sank one Georgian ship after Georgian
16266:
Russian Operational Art in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008
15927:
15925:
15923:
15921:
15919:
15917:
15915:
15913:
15911:
15696:
15344:"Russian Army's weaknesses exposed during war in Georgia"
15170:
15138:"Russia's Conventional Armed Forces and the Georgian War"
14647:
14561:"Independent report blames Georgia for South Ossetia war"
14484:
12229:
10574:
10414:
10402:
10117:
9736:Южная Осетия может начать против Грузии "рельсовую войну"
9654:
9283:
8968:"Russia Gives Some Details on Troop Increase in Abkhazia"
8652:"Russia army vows steps if Georgia and Ukraine join NATO"
8333:"Chronicle of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict: Fact sheet"
7474:
7387:
6631:(in Russian). Южная Осетия. 11 April 2009. Archived from
5833:
La Combattante II-class fast attack craft Dioskuria '303'
5655:
Towed Artillery (25, of which destroyed: 1, captured: 24)
5510:: (6, destroyed) (7, captured) (1, damaged and captured).
4970:
2733:
2713:
2572:
2278:
and demanded ownership of the lands they worked, and the
1969:. The fighting took place in the strategically important
15909:
15907:
15905:
15903:
15901:
15899:
15897:
15895:
15893:
15891:
15792:
15790:
15788:
15786:
15784:
15782:
15780:
15778:
15776:
15732:
15730:
15728:
15726:
15724:
15722:
15720:
15674:
15672:
15670:
15598:
15596:
15552:"ANALYSIS-Georgia rebel confidence rises after fighting"
15454:
15426:
15424:
14981:
14948:"What will be the outcome of the Georgian-Ossetian war?"
14290:"Russia might invade Ukraine if Obama wins, Palin warns"
11511:(in German). RIA Novosti. 14 August 2008. Archived from
10985:"Russia Vows to Support Two Enclaves, in Retort to Bush"
9762:
9760:
9758:
8942:"UNOMIG Denies Military Buildup in Abkhaz Conflict Zone"
8190:
7158:. Swedish Defence University. p. 50. Archived from
6784:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. Archived from
6705:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. Archived from
6602:
6573:
6528:
6460:
6437:
6092:
The war is known by a variety of other names, including
5739:
Surface-To-Air Missile Systems (6, of which captured: 6)
3764:
in revising international relations and undermining the
3168:
Woman crying for help during the Russian bombing of Gori
2262:. Controversy surrounds the date of Ossetian arrival in
16251:
Chifu, Iulian; Nantoi, Oazu; Sushko, Oleksandr (2009).
16212:
The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia
15937:
15645:
15643:
15583:
15581:
15579:
15577:
15575:
15573:
15571:
15569:
15533:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
15030:В Цхинвали вошли подразделения Воздушно-десантных войск
14611:
14599:
14587:
14575:
14491:
13929:"2.7 The Issue of Civilian Casualties in South Ossetia"
13904:
13784:. Amnesty International. 1 October 2008. Archived from
11849:"Fighting with Russia spreads to cities across Georgia"
11415:
10562:
10345:
10231:
9860:
9642:
9569:
9567:
8168:"FACTBOX-What is Georgia's rebel South Ossetia region?"
8098:. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from
6890:"Post-Mortem on Europe's First War of the 21st Century"
6655:. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from
6592:
6590:
6588:
5434:
Trucks, Vehicles and Jeeps (32, of which destroyed: 32)
4962:
Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C³I)
4302:
and South Ossetians in starting the war. An article by
3971:
in December 2022, delivering arrest warrants for three
3648:
3608:
International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
16570:
14635:
14623:
14460:"EU asked to pinpoint aggressor in Russia-Georgia war"
12013:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9905:
9903:
9704:В Цхинвали прибыли 300 добровольцев из Северной Осетии
8960:
8118:
7978:
Conflict and Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus
7733:
7616:
7604:
7313:
7260:
7077:
Eka Tsamalashvili; Brian Whitmore (14 November 2008).
6988:"Georgia calls on EU for independent inquiry into war"
6199:"Russian troops to stay in Abkhazia and South Ossetia"
5352:
1 1V13(M) battery fire control center: (1, destroyed).
3379:
3207:
was struck by a rocket. The attack killed one doctor.
2971:
and Prisi. They razed Avnevi and a police building in
2416:, would allow Russia to manage Western involvement in
2361:
were posted in South Ossetian conflict zone under the
17908:
17452:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
15888:
15773:
15717:
15684:
15667:
15593:
15436:
15421:
15397:
15362:
15182:"Georgia's Air Defense in the War with South Ossetia"
14919:
14917:
13961:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 6 October 2008.
12336:"Russian convoy moves deeper inside Georgia: witness"
11736:"Russian bombing kills 3 at Georgian airbase-Georgia"
10875:"Russians march into Georgia as full-scale war looms"
10757:"I got my children out minutes before the bombs fell"
10598:
10370:. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2008. Archived from
9755:
9683:
9264:Чеченцы расписали сценарий войны России против Грузии
9132:"Russia railway soldiers leave Georgian rebel region"
8002:
Giorgi Sepashvili; Nino Khutsidze (5 February 2006).
7851:"Georgia's South Ossetia Conflict: Make Haste Slowly"
7745:
7694:
7682:
7203:"Russian Federation: Legal Aspects of War in Georgia"
7153:"Competing Powers: U.S.-Russian Relations, 2006–2016"
5347:
Artillery Support Vehicles (1, of which destroyed: 1)
5333:
Armoured Recovery Vehicles (1, of which destroyed: 1)
4087:
full-scale invasion of the whole territory of Ukraine
3819:
3292:
Russian guided-missile ship 12341 Mirazh (Mirage) in
2436:(CIS) on which the Russian visa regime was enforced.
2420:, an area of geopolitical importance. Russia saw the
2372:
in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, where the
15751:"საქართველოს არმიის დანაკარგები ჯერაც დაუზუსტებელია"
15655:
15640:
15566:
15409:
15254:
15242:
15220:"Georgia Eager to Rebuild Its Defeated Armed Forces"
14870:
14334:"Orbánnak 56 jutott eszébe az orosz hadmûveletekrõl"
14304:"Lech Kaczyński: jesteśmy tu po to, by podjąć walkę"
14186:"Sweden evokes Hitler in condemning Russian assault"
13818:
13725:"Georgia: International Groups Should Send Missions"
11897:"Tbilisi civilian airport hit in Russian air strike"
11793:"Georgia conflict: Roar of war as jets fill the air"
11487:"Abkhazia says Georgian troops pushed from province"
11318:"Russian navy sinks Georgian boat: Defence ministry"
11288:"Russian navy sinks Georgian boat: Defence ministry"
11221:"Tanks and Katyushas bristle round isolated Tbilisi"
11049:"Russia Pulls the Bulk of Its Forces Out of Georgia"
10856:"Russia opens new front, drives deeper into Georgia"
10849:
10847:
10828:"Dutch journalist killed in Russian bombing of Gori"
10493:
10378:
10321:
10309:
10099:"Saakashvili Appeals for Peace in Televised Address"
10060:. Russian Reporter. 29 November 2010. Archived from
9942:
9872:
9630:
9564:
9532:
Svante E. Cornell; S. Frederick Starr, eds. (2009).
8269:
8267:
7628:
7294:
7049:"West told Ukraine to abandon Crimea, document says"
6585:
6333:
Alexander Nicoll; Sarah Johnstone (September 2008).
6253:
5585:
Infantry Mobility Vehicles (3, of which captured: 3)
3655:
Russia sought approval for its recognition from the
2391:
15492:
15490:
15457:"Russia's war in Georgia: lessons and consequences"
15311:"U.S. Watched as a Squabble Turned into a Showdown"
15101:
13049:
12445:Margarita Antidze; Matt Robinson (19 August 2008).
12185:"Russia's president says operation in Georgia over"
11928:"Russia, in Accord With Georgians, Sets Withdrawal"
11337:"The Russian Black Sea Fleet After The Georgia War"
11103:
10896:"Victims of Last Year's Tragedy Remembered in Gori"
10854:Christopher Torchia; David Nowak (11 August 2008).
10480:
9900:
9304:"Georgia plans operation to free detained soldiers"
8432:
8246:"Profile: President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia"
6728:(in Russian). Interfax. 3 July 2009. Archived from
6551:"Russia lost 64 troops in Georgia war, 283 wounded"
6415:"Abkhazia: Moscow sends troops into second enclave"
6197:Harding, Luke; Percival, Jenny (9 September 2008).
5826:
Naval Ships (9, of which destroyed: 7, captured: 2)
5357:
Self-Propelled Artillery (1, of which destroyed: 1)
3602:
Recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia
2563:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
1035:
163–170 killed, 354 wounded, 1 missing, 39 captured
16412:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
16341:Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism
16317:Maria Raquel Freire; Roger E. Kanet, eds. (2012).
15499:"Georgia war shows Russian army strong but flawed"
15374:
15218:Chivers, C. J.; Shanker, Thom (2 September 2008).
15192:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
15104:"War Reveals Russia's Military Might and Weakness"
15023:
15021:
15019:
14914:
14843:. Associated Press. 19 August 2008. Archived from
14765:"Black Sea Fleet ships start tracking NATO guests"
14668:"The 2008 Russo-Georgian War: Putin's green light"
14510:
14475:
14473:
11926:Kramer, Andrew E.; Barry, Ellen (12 August 2008).
11784:
11636:"Russia Sends Mixed Signs on Pullout From Georgia"
11634:Schwirtz, Michael; Barry, Ellen (19 August 2008).
11493:. Associated Press. 12 August 2008. Archived from
11436:"Abkhaz separatists strike disputed Georgia gorge"
11387:
11385:
11383:
10836:. Associated Press. 12 August 2008. Archived from
10784:
10782:
9833:
9398:"Overflights question Russia's Georgia role: NATO"
9042:
8559:Steven Erlanger; Steven Lee Myers (3 April 2008).
8405:
7898:
7896:
7019:
6381:
6379:
6177:"Statement by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev"
5145:aircraft. Russian airborne forces set fire to two
4378:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
2859:Map of the Georgian and Russian military offensive
19257:Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
15617:Россия забрала себе пятую часть грузинских танков
15308:
15097:
15095:
15093:
15091:
14412:. Bundeskanzlerin. 11 August 2008. Archived from
14210:. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Archived from
13753:
13382:"The Russian Bear on the Warpath Against Georgia"
13317:"Georgia angry after Russia vetoes U.N. monitors"
12997:"Global Peace Operations – Annual Review of 2007"
12241:"Peace Plan Offers Russia a Rationale to Advance"
12096:"Georgian websites forced offline in 'cyber war'"
11699:
11471:. Associated Press. 9 August 2008. Archived from
10949:"Amid promise of peace, Georgians live in terror"
10844:
10630:Elizabeth Owen; Giorgi Lomsadze (8 August 2008).
10601:"Russian Forces Capture Military Base in Georgia"
10204:
9301:
9212:
8818:"UN Probe Says Russian Jet Downed Georgian Drone"
8391:. Associated Press. 11 March 2008. Archived from
8304:
8264:
8096:"Georgian-Abkhaz Tensions Rise Over Kodori Gorge"
7803:
7801:
7773:Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective
6800:
6798:
6718:
6716:
5986:– a 2012 Russian war drama film depicting the war
4318:
3125:
2404:" between Russia and the Middle East. It borders
2270:between the landless Ossetian peasants living in
2219:was used to perform Christian rituals. After the
1104:180 killed, 1,174 wounded, 4 missing, 49 captured
19228:
17467:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
16797:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
16466:The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia
16463:Cornell, Svante E.; Starr, S. Frederick (2009).
16308:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
15487:
15380:
15089:
15087:
15085:
15083:
15081:
15079:
15077:
15075:
15073:
15071:
14831:
14829:
14735:"Russia suspends military cooperation with Nato"
14512:"EU blames Georgia for starting war with Russia"
14053:
13850:Эдуард Кокойты: мы там практически выровняли все
13846:
13554:"Russia says Georgia war stopped NATO expansion"
12967:
11961:"Raids Suggest Russia Targeted Energy Pipelines"
11664:
11334:
10656:
10594:
10592:
10368:"Heavy fighting as Georgia attacks rebel region"
10167:
10165:
10163:
9808:
9535:The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia
9335:
8561:"NATO Allies Oppose Bush on Georgia and Ukraine"
8240:
8238:
8093:
8059:
7712:
7348:
6763:Список погибших граждан Южной Осетии на 04.09.08
6678:. Ministry of Defence of Georgia. Archived from
6350:
6348:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6192:
6190:
5640:armoured vehicle-launched bridge: (1, captured).
5501:Tanks (44, of which destroyed: 27, captured: 17)
5192:Su-24M and one Tu-22M3 lost. Two helicopters, a
4043:International reaction to the Russo-Georgian War
2243:, Georgia declared independence on 26 May 1918.
180:Ethnic cleansing of Georgians from South Ossetia
18051:Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)
17586:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
17501:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
15970:
15016:
14857:
14837:"US trainers say Georgian troops weren't ready"
14665:
14470:
14287:
14123:
13800:"Russia: Protect Civilians in Occupied Georgia"
13437:
12383:Harding, Luke; Meikle, James (13 August 2008).
11919:
11380:
11155:
10779:
10082:
9444:
8530:"Georgia's oil pipeline is key to U.S. support"
7893:
7448:Andrew Osborn; Jeanne Whalen (15 August 2008).
6964:Marc Champion; Andrew Osborn (16 August 2008).
6887:
6376:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6196:
5101:that were upgraded to BMP-1U. Georgia lost two
3830:Humanitarian response to the Russo-Georgian War
2519:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
1150:Estimate by Georgian official: at least 230,000
128:; Russian forces moving into Georgia; House in
15496:
15338:
15336:
15217:
15054:"Georgian Military Folds Under Russian Attack"
14901:Centre for Strategic and International Studies
14805:
12709:
12376:
12062:
11992:
11766:"Georgia Says Russian Jet Bombed Vaziani Base"
11463:
11461:
10893:
10873:Harding, Luke; Traynor, Ian (12 August 2008).
10872:
10255:"Georgia Offers Fresh Evidence on War's Start"
10248:
10246:
10208:Это была не спонтанная, а спланированная война
10142:
8706:
8591:"What NATO Summit Declaration Says on Georgia"
7974:
7798:
7378:
7290:
7288:
7230:
7150:
7072:
7070:
7046:
6929:
6795:
6713:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6071:is formally recognised as an independent state
5779:1 ST86U/36D6-M ''Tin Shield'': (1, destroyed).
5300:: (1, destroyed ) (3, destroyed) (1, damaged).
4845:Elements of the 20th Motorised Rifle Division
3836:Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia
2594:supplying oil to Turkey. Russia, Iran and the
2091:was also waged during and after the conflict.
1670:
18188:
17894:
17750:
17440:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
16641:
15870:"Russian Army Chief Says Georgia is Rearming"
15131:
15129:
15127:
15125:
15123:
15121:
15119:
15117:
15068:
15045:
14826:
14410:"Angela Merkel calls for immediate ceasefire"
13690:
13551:
13490:
13440:"The Medvedev Doctrine and American Strategy"
13314:
13229:Thomas de Waal; Nikolaus von Twickel (2020).
12447:"Russian, Georgian forces exchange prisoners"
12382:
12368:. The Kremlin. 16 August 2008. Archived from
12319:. The Kremlin. 14 August 2008. Archived from
11867:"Russia bombs Tbilisi airport, says official"
11823:"MIA: Three Die in Marneuli Airfield Bombing"
11633:
11469:"Abkhazia moves to flush out Georgian troops"
11433:
11124:
11042:
11040:
10632:"Georgia: All-Out War Looms in South Ossetia"
10589:
10457:"Statement on the Situation in South Ossetia"
10160:
9988:
9986:
9893:Конфликт в Южной Осетии: переговоров не будет
9466:
9464:
9360:
9068:
8986:
8866:
8836:
8700:
8505:Emin Makhmudov; Mikhail Zygar (25 May 2005).
8450:
8298:
8235:
7935:
7763:
7417:United States Army Special Operations Command
6832:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
6345:
6321:
6187:
6179:. The Kremlin. 26 August 2008. Archived from
6149:
4382:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3826:Humanitarian impact of the Russo-Georgian War
3433:Information war during the Russo-Georgian War
2893:, declared that South Ossetia would start a "
1961:and the Russian-backed separatist regions of
1924:
1656:
1302:
1174:
18106:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)
16462:
15275:
15271:
15269:
14457:
14349:
14347:
14226:"Moscow threatens Georgia regime, says Bush"
14089:. International Criminal Court. 30 June 2022
13583:Committee on Foreign Affairs (21 May 2015).
13406:
12673:"Russian troops withdraw from Georgian town"
11605:"Russian tanks in Georgia's Poti: witnesses"
11589:. Al Jazeera. 14 August 2008. Archived from
11218:
11079:"Russian Military Will Leave Gori in 2 Days"
11046:
10946:
10511:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10459:. The Kremlin. 8 August 2008. Archived from
10441:. The Kremlin. 8 August 2008. Archived from
9961:
9959:
9957:
9827:
9190:(in Russian). Gruziya Online. 20 June 2008.
8788:"Russia's Moves Add To Strains With Georgia"
8749:
8273:
8028:
7938:"Ethnic Conflicts in the Caucasus 1988–1994"
7226:
7224:
7108:
6985:
6650:
6619:
6412:
6145:
6143:
5718:Anti-Aircraft Guns (2, of which captured: 2)
5032:
4148:warned in October 2008 that the election of
3924:, Achabeti, Tamarasheni, Eredvi, Vanati and
3662:
3574:European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia
3315:on 10 August. This was first activity since
3098:later noted that anyone "above the grade of
2368:This situation was mirrored in Abkhazia, an
2132:"direct control" over the separatist regions
17393:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
17388:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
16487:Russia, the West, and Military Intervention
15808:
15333:
15213:
15211:
15209:
15207:
15205:
14860:"U.S. takes Georgian troops home from Iraq"
14708:"Navy ships wait to deliver aid to Georgia"
13379:
13159:(in Russian). Interfax Russia. 12 July 2012
12972:. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Analyst.
12910:
12093:
12058:
12056:
11925:
11579:
11458:
11367:
11237:
10716:
10714:
10243:
9896:(in Russian). Radio Svoboda. 7 August 2008.
9390:
9331:
9329:
8527:
8498:
7649:
7499:
7285:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7067:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6357:"Armed Cossacks pour in to fight Georgians"
6354:
6303:"The August War between Russia and Georgia"
6265:
5854:Stenka class patrol boat P-21 Giorgi Toreli
5387:close air support aircraft: (2, destroyed).
5167:
4730:104th and 234th Paratroop Regiments of the
4550:Russo-South Ossetian-Abkhaz order of battle
4365:
4247:A few leaders supported Russia's position:
3863:A burning house in the Georgian village of
3268:principal highway connecting east with west
2808:and also included servicemen from Ukraine,
2774:expel Georgian forces from the Kodori Gorge
2346:restoration of independence on 9 April 1991
175:Russian, South Ossetian and Abkhaz victory
18195:
18181:
17901:
17887:
17858:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's sack of Tbilisi
17778:Scytho-Cimmerian invasions of the Caucasus
17757:
17743:
16709:Military history of the Russian Federation
16648:
16634:
16490:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
16392:
16337:
16292:Cohen, Ariel; Hamilton, Robert E. (2011).
15521:
15278:"Russia's Military Performance in Georgia"
15114:
14975:
14705:
14336:(in Hungarian). index.hu. 14 August 2008.
13208:"Military occupation of Georgia by Russia"
11958:
11532:
11361:
11081:. redOrbit. 14 August 2008. Archived from
11037:
10978:
10976:
10915:"The new Cold War: Crisis in the Caucasus"
10408:
10396:
10042:
10010:
9983:
9915:
9677:
9579:
9461:
8638:
8481:
8154:
8139:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7261:Alex Rodriguez; Bay Fang (9 August 2008).
7256:
7254:
7235:. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from
6646:
6644:
6642:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6461:Misha Dzhindzhikhashvili (9 August 2008).
6236:
6000:Military history of the Russian Federation
5647:heavy engineering vehicle: (1, destroyed).
5601:: (1, captured) (1, damaged and captured).
4015:at a Tbilisi press conference, August 2008
3995:
3736:The 2008 war was the first time since the
3437:Cyberattacks during the Russo-Georgian War
2722:United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
2350:first non-Baltic state of the Soviet Union
1931:
1917:
1663:
1649:
1309:
1295:
1181:
1167:
16959:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
16381:
15813:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 139.
15748:
15266:
15135:
14344:
14256:
14250:
13516:
13080:(in Russian). Vesti Kavkaza. 11 July 2012
13029:"Extra Russian troops arrive in Abkhazia"
12771:
12719:. European Parliament. 17 November 2011.
12037:(in Russian). Interfax. 21 October 2008.
11988:
11986:
11889:
11790:
11372:. The Heritage Foundation. Archived from
10750:
10748:
10583:
10467:
10425:
10136:
9954:
9918:"A Two-Sided Descent into Full-Scale War"
9665:
9289:
9243:(in Russian). South Ossetian part of the
8207:
8205:
8196:
8089:
8087:
7841:
7839:
7443:
7441:
7295:Nikolaus von Twickel (17 November 2008).
7221:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7177:"2008 Georgia Russia Conflict Fast Facts"
7116:Caucasian Review of International Affairs
7022:"The Conflict Between Russia and Georgia"
6579:
6543:
6448:
6385:
6300:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6171:
6169:
6140:
5633:armoured recovery vehicle: (1, captured).
4802:Units of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade
4791:Units of the 10th Special Forces Brigade
4049:Protests regarding the Russo-Georgian War
3969:investigation in the Situation in Georgia
3797:Russia to act in a similar way in Ukraine
3791:Caucasian Review of International Affairs
3687:
3343:that day and took a military base there.
2683:Situation in Georgia before the 2008 war.
1316:
422:
198:established in Abkhazia and South Ossetia
18079:Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
17764:
16370:
16358:
15202:
14892:Hamilton, Robert E. (4 September 2008).
14891:
14887:
14885:
14767:. Regnum. 27 August 2008. Archived from
14641:
14629:
14617:
14605:
14593:
14581:
14497:
14353:
13910:
13802:. Human Rights Watch. 25 November 2008.
13792:
13719:
13717:
13715:
12834:"CoE, PACE Chairs Condemn Russia's Move"
12613:
12500:
12203:
12177:
12146:
12053:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11522:
11427:
11182:
10942:
10940:
10822:
10820:
10818:
10816:
10723:"Georgia and Russia Nearing All-Out War"
10711:
10568:
10481:Konstantin Makienko (15 November 2008).
10339:
10237:
10171:
9866:
9648:
9326:
8911:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8903:
8901:
8899:
7902:
7656:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 112–113.
7480:
7396:
7383:. European Council on Foreign Relations.
7344:
7342:
7340:
7200:
7139:
7104:
7102:
7100:
6981:
6979:
6932:"Is The Clock Ticking For Saakashvili?'"
6918:
6736:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6670:
6668:
6666:
5171:
5041:
4912:
4018:
3999:
3898:
3858:
3839:
3720:
3611:
3536:
3457:
3446:, that Russia actually started the war.
3287:
3182:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3135:
3040:
3024:
2994:According to Georgian intelligence, and
2854:
2678:
2605:
2478:
2353:Russian authorities. Georgia endorsed a
2206:
2191:corresponds to "Ossia" (Ossetia) in the
2174:
27:2008 conflict between Russia and Georgia
18121:Macedonian inter-ethnic violence (2012)
16920:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
16790:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
16483:
16262:
16229:
16194:
16160:
16158:
16156:
16154:
16152:
16150:
16148:
16146:
16144:
16142:
16140:
16138:
16136:
16134:
16132:
16130:
16128:
16126:
16124:
16122:
16120:
16118:
16116:
16114:
16112:
16110:
16108:
16106:
16104:
16102:
16100:
16098:
16096:
16094:
16092:
16090:
16088:
16086:
16084:
16082:
16080:
16078:
16076:
16074:
16072:
16070:
16068:
16066:
16064:
16062:
16060:
16058:
16056:
16054:
16052:
16050:
16048:
16046:
16044:
16042:
16040:
16038:
16036:
16034:
16032:
16030:
16028:
16026:
16024:
16022:
16020:
15549:
15448:
15276:Tor Bukkvoll (November–December 2009).
14370:
14259:"U.S. pondered military use in Georgia"
13935:. Human Rights Watch. 23 January 2009.
13879:
13704:. Human Rights Watch. 23 January 2009.
13674:. Human Rights Watch. 23 January 2009.
13609:
13466:"Georgia Finalizes Withdrawal From CIS"
13283:
13179:"EUMM Monitor Bulletin #7 October 2018"
12970:"Georgia: The split that split the SCO"
12152:
12019:
11627:
10973:
10754:
10720:
10252:
9470:
8682:"8 августа 2008 года - Потерянный день"
8124:
8112:
7995:
7962:
7830:
7751:
7739:
7715:"South Ossetia's unwanted independence"
7700:
7688:
7645:
7643:
7610:
7598:
7486:
7374:
7372:
7263:"Georgian conflict puts U.S. in middle"
7251:
7020:Jean-Rodrigue Paré (13 February 2009).
7015:
7013:
6959:
6957:
6850:
6774:
6639:
6487:
6259:
5606:Command Posts (1, of which captured: 1)
5207:South Ossetian forces lost two BMP-2s.
3227:nearest during the war, and stopped in
3014:
2474:
705:Chechen Battalions "Vostok" and "Zapad"
192:of South Ossetia and Abkhazia by Russia
124:Ruins of a burnt apartment building in
14:
19229:
17541:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
17472:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
17331:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
17309:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
17023:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
16699:Military history of the Russian Empire
16316:
16263:Colonel George T. Donovan Jr. (2009).
16018:
16016:
16014:
16012:
16010:
16008:
16006:
16004:
16002:
16000:
15848:"History of the Air Forces of Georgia"
15842:
15840:
15838:
15836:
15834:
15832:
15830:
15102:Vladimir Isachenkov (18 August 2008).
14680:
14653:
14434:from the original on 3 September 2008.
14340:from the original on 23 December 2010.
14126:"Russia's Neighbours Go Their Own Way"
14067:from the original on 27 September 2018
13754:Thomas Hammarberg (8 September 2008).
13678:from the original on 30 September 2012
13296:from the original on 27 September 2018
12976:from the original on 12 September 2008
12931:
12784:from the original on 27 September 2018
12653:from the original on 14 September 2017
12477:
12413:
12395:from the original on 27 September 2018
12333:
12279:
12238:
12108:from the original on 14 September 2008
11983:
11746:from the original on 24 September 2015
11700:Reuben F. Johnson (24 November 2008).
11446:from the original on 24 September 2015
11298:from the original on 24 September 2015
11268:from the original on 14 September 2017
11110:(in Russian). Interfax. Archived from
11104:Mariya Khristianova (14 August 2008).
10745:
10699:from the original on 23 September 2008
10360:
9766:
9689:
9408:from the original on 24 September 2015
9314:from the original on 24 September 2015
9142:from the original on 24 September 2015
9112:from the original on 30 September 2018
8974:from the original on 14 September 2017
8948:from the original on 14 September 2017
8597:from the original on 14 September 2017
8305:Sergey Markedonov (16 November 2008).
8286:from the original on 20 September 2012
8202:
8160:
8094:Giorgi Kupatadze (26 September 2006).
8084:
8072:from the original on 27 September 2018
8041:from the original on 27 September 2018
7836:
7807:
7438:
7331:
7187:
7085:from the original on 23 September 2016
7024:. Parliament of Canada. Archived from
6998:from the original on 13 September 2017
6856:
6754:
6425:from the original on 27 September 2018
6237:Liklikadze, Koba (26 September 2008).
6221:
6166:
5840:Matka-class missile boat Tbilisi '302'
5798:Helicopters (3, of which destroyed: 3)
5429:transport helicopter: (1, destroyed ).
5422:transport helicopter: (1, destroyed ).
5413:Helicopters (2, of which destroyed: 2)
4649:503rd Motorised Rifle Regiment of the
4568:Deployed units: South Ossetian sector
4066:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
3940:Russia accused Georgia of committing "
3716:
3590:governments. Russian Foreign Minister
3453:
3426:
2979:official later told Russian newspaper
2954:report sent on August 8, 2008, by the
2756:In late June, Russian military expert
2573:Relations between Georgia and the West
1687:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
1188:
937:North Ossetian and Cossack volunteers:
18176:
17930:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
17882:
17843:Shah Tahmasp I's invasions of Georgia
17738:
17691:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
17069:Russian colonization of North America
16629:
16441:
16403:
16291:
16279:from the original on 19 February 2018
16250:
16208:
15958:
15931:
15796:
15736:
15711:
15690:
15678:
15661:
15649:
15602:
15587:
15442:
15430:
15415:
15403:
15368:
15260:
15248:
15158:from the original on 16 February 2013
14936:from the original on 14 October 2009.
14882:
14876:
14523:from the original on 11 January 2022.
14296:
14238:from the original on 22 December 2016
13712:
13425:
13308:
12968:Niklas Swanström (3 September 2008).
12697:from the original on 3 September 2008
12407:
12251:from the original on 23 December 2018
12075:from the original on 24 February 2019
11877:from the original on 17 February 2019
11535:"Russia Briefly Seizes Georgian Port"
11519:
11421:
11349:from the original on 26 February 2019
11118:
10995:from the original on 14 December 2018
10937:
10813:
10681:
10526:from the original on 15 December 2018
10499:
10384:
10354:
10327:
10315:
9999:. OSCE. 7 August 2008. Archived from
9948:
9878:
9848:from the original on 9 September 2008
9790:from the original on 28 February 2019
9739:(in Russian). Regnum. 5 August 2008.
9636:
9573:
9378:from the original on 28 February 2019
8896:
8854:from the original on 28 February 2019
8615:
8438:
8365:from the original on 4 September 2008
8339:from the original on 13 February 2009
8010:from the original on 4 September 2008
7944:from the original on 27 November 2012
7721:from the original on 25 December 2014
7634:
7622:
7357:from the original on 28 December 2015
7337:
7319:
7097:
7081:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.
6976:
6942:from the original on 3 September 2014
6838:from the original on 15 December 2018
6820:
6686:
6663:
6613:
6596:
6537:
6156:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
6123:
5957:List of invasions in the 21st century
5807:transport helicopter: (1, destroyed).
4778:45th Detached Reconnaissance Regiment
4507:M/R Department, I Operative Division
4309:European Council on Foreign Relations
3545:
3466:Dmitry Medvedev and French President
3365:were sunk by Russian troops in Poti.
3346:
3045:Destroyed Georgian tank in Tskhinvali
2670:2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis
2454:deported four suspected Russian spies
1644:
1290:
1162:
18202:
18074:Slovenian War of Independence (1991)
17989:Russian constitutional crisis (1993)
17957:Transnistria conflict (1990–present)
16704:Military history of the Soviet Union
16366:. Estonian National Defence College.
15985:from the original on 2 December 2008
15321:from the original on 21 October 2018
14954:from the original on 4 December 2008
14814:from the original on 27 January 2019
14732:
14314:from the original on 11 January 2012
14269:from the original on 6 February 2010
14156:"Carl Bildt oroad över utvecklingen"
14113:(in Russian). Regnum. 5 August 2008.
13806:from the original on 5 December 2014
13762:from the original on 15 October 2009
13735:from the original on 21 October 2014
13648:from the original on 26 January 2009
13472:from the original on 15 January 2016
13438:George Friedman (2 September 2008).
12627:from the original on 12 October 2008
12501:Schwirtz, Michael (23 August 2008).
12346:from the original on 10 January 2009
12239:Kramer, Andrew E. (13 August 2008).
12041:from the original on 1 December 2010
11940:from the original on 9 November 2012
11907:from the original on 7 November 2017
11851:. CNN. 8 August 2008. Archived from
11677:from the original on 5 November 2018
11587:"Russian forces sink Georgian ships"
11200:from the original on 9 November 2008
11025:from the original on 20 October 2016
10983:Levy, Clifford J. (14 August 2008).
10982:
10558:from the original on 11 August 2009.
10205:Pavel Felgenhauer (14 August 2008).
10105:from the original on 19 October 2014
9930:from the original on 6 November 2012
9834:Marina Perevozkina (8 August 2008).
9267:(in Russian). MIGnews. 5 July 2008.
9108:. European Parliament. 5 June 2008.
8785:
8662:from the original on 17 October 2015
8420:from the original on 27 January 2019
8406:Marina Perevozkina (24 March 2008).
8178:from the original on 11 January 2009
8062:"Self-Determination for the Kremlin"
7640:
7369:
7273:from the original on 16 October 2014
7209:from the original on 10 January 2019
7151:Håkan Karlsson (12 September 2016).
7010:
6954:
6930:Brian Whitmore (12 September 2008).
6906:from the original on 7 December 2014
6881:
6516:from the original on 12 October 2017
6209:from the original on 19 October 2018
5784:Aircraft (3, of which destroyed: 3).
5678:Rapira anti-tank gun: (2, captured).
4903:
4493:Logistic Support Department of Army
4225:– On 8 August, France (who held the
3811:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2910:prepare to fight in South Ossetia".
2325:and Arsène Saparov believe that the
2156:Background of the Russo-Georgian War
2031:between Russia and Georgia began to
2023:in Russia in 2000 and a pro-Western
18034:Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)
17853:Shah Abbas I's invasions of Georgia
17445:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
15997:
15827:
15628:from the original on 17 August 2014
15509:from the original on 9 January 2009
15381:Sebastian Alison (27 August 2008).
15136:McDermott, Roger N. (Spring 2009).
14806:Vladimir Socor (27 November 2008).
14745:from the original on 9 January 2019
14714:from the original on 4 October 2018
14563:. Deutsche Welle. 30 September 2009
14481:"Georgia 'started unjustified war'"
14354:Bennhold, Katrin (12 August 2008).
14288:Blake Hounshell (22 October 2008).
14166:from the original on 9 October 2012
14011:from the original on 5 January 2018
14001:"South Ossetians Complain to Court"
13965:from the original on 8 August 2009.
13847:Aleksandr Gabuev (15 August 2008).
13832:. 11 September 2008. Archived from
12949:from the original on 6 October 2014
12919:from the original on 3 October 2018
12804:"West condemns Russia over Georgia"
12743:"Russian MPs back Georgia's rebels"
12559:"Russians 'agree Georgia deadline'"
12414:Kunkle, Fredrick (18 August 2008).
12297:from the original on 12 August 2008
12287:"Georgia and Russia agree on truce"
12217:from the original on 12 August 2008
12191:from the original on 23 August 2013
12134:from the original on 12 August 2008
12065:"Georgia feels Russia's heavy hand"
11993:Matthew Collin (24 November 2008).
11791:Blomfield, Adrian (8 August 2008).
11665:Adrian Blomfield (24 August 2008).
11646:from the original on 10 August 2012
11393:"Day-by-day: Georgia-Russia crisis"
10689:"Russian jets attack Georgian town"
10297:from the original on 2 January 2016
10253:Chivers, C.J. (15 September 2008).
10219:from the original on 20 August 2016
10186:from the original on 23 August 2008
10083:Giorgi Lomsadze (1 December 2010).
10024:from the original on 29 August 2008
9368:"Russia admits Georgia overflights"
9348:from the original on 13 August 2008
9271:from the original on 18 August 2016
9194:from the original on 5 October 2018
9086:from the original on 9 January 2019
9076:"Russia army unit sent to Abkhazia"
9056:from the original on 9 October 2014
8884:from the original on 15 August 2008
8874:"Georgia-Russia tensions ramped up"
8824:from the original on 12 August 2008
8798:from the original on 3 October 2018
8737:from the original on 13 August 2008
8482:Pagnamenta, Robin (8 August 2008).
7786:from the original on 6 October 2018
7047:Andrew Rettman (24 February 2016).
6869:from the original on 20 August 2008
6859:"Despair among Georgia's displaced"
6386:Krasnogir, Sergey (8 August 2008).
5371:Aircraft (8, of which destroyed: 8)
4536:Constitutional Security Department
4256:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
4195:), who met with Georgian president
4143:Vice President of the United States
3760:The war in Georgia showed Russia's
3493:Definitive cessation of hostilities
3380:Bombing of Tbilisi and surroundings
2786:Georgian-backed Ossetian government
2087:coincided with military action. An
1979:declared its independence from the
24:
19297:Georgia (country)–Russia relations
18487:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
18029:Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)
17491:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
16857:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
16435:
15971:Vladimir Ivanov (20 August 2008).
15761:from the original on 7 August 2017
15749:ლიკლიკაძე, კობა (24 August 2008).
15179:
14858:Michael Hoffman (11 August 2008).
14791:. 6 September 2008. Archived from
14683:"NATO ships cause alarm in Moscow"
14390:from the original on 9 August 2008
14124:Bridget Kendall (21 August 2008).
14041:from the original on 8 August 2014
14031:"Georgia marks anniversary of war"
13880:McElroy, Damien (30 August 2008).
13782:"The human cost of war in Georgia"
13638:"S Ossetia 'war crimes' condemned"
13591:from the original on 7 August 2018
13552:Denis Dyomkin (21 November 2011).
12886:"Scheffer 'Rejects' Russia's Move"
12814:from the original on 20 April 2010
12723:from the original on 5 August 2015
12165:from the original on 30 March 2019
12155:"Before the Gunfire, Cyberattacks"
12001:from the original on 15 April 2019
11403:from the original on 20 April 2010
11335:Dmitry Gorenburg (December 2008).
11170:from the original on 7 August 2018
11015:"Violence flares in Georgian town"
10858:. Associated Press. Archived from
10733:from the original on 24 March 2019
10657:Adrian Blomfield (9 August 2008).
9809:Maria Bogdarenko (6 August 2008).
9743:from the original on 7 August 2018
9213:Andrey Illarionov (28 June 2009).
8994:"Georgia condemns Russian actions"
8767:from the original on 22 March 2014
8757:"Russia 'shot down Georgia drone'"
8719:from the original on 21 June 2010.
8540:from the original on 22 April 2019
8463:from the original on 14 April 2016
8451:James Rodgers (28 November 2006).
8252:from the original on 7 August 2018
8223:from the original on 10 March 2019
8060:Oleksandr Kramar (16 April 2014).
8004:"S.Ossetia: Mapping Out Scenarios"
7881:from the original on 10 April 2015
7462:from the original on 7 August 2018
7419:. 2016. p. 14. Archived from
6897:Centre for European Policy Studies
6812:. 18 November 2008. Archived from
6557:. 21 February 2009. Archived from
6022:, initiated as a result of the war
5821:attack helicopter: (1, destroyed).
5814:attack helicopter: (1, destroyed).
5755:TELAR (for Buk-M1): (2, captured).
4852:Two battalions of Black Sea Fleet
4465:Separate Light Infantry Battalion
3820:Humanitarian impact and war crimes
2850:Timeline of the Russo-Georgian War
2674:
2622:in April 2008, American president
2601:United States' backing for Georgia
2434:Commonwealth of Independent States
2376:separated from Georgia during the
822:10,000–11,000 soldiers (including
25:
19343:
18337:Unification of the Georgian realm
17356:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
16582:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 10
16535:
15876:from the original on 3 March 2016
15550:Sweeney, Conor (13 August 2008).
15497:Christian Lowe (20 August 2008).
15346:. RIA Novosti. 9 September 2008.
15230:from the original on 5 March 2019
15004:from the original on 26 July 2012
14681:Kramer, Andrew (27 August 2008).
14666:Peter Dickinson (7 August 2021).
14458:Luke Harding (18 November 2008).
14136:from the original on 6 April 2019
13939:from the original on 16 July 2009
13892:from the original on 6 April 2018
13533:from the original on 14 July 2014
13446:from the original on 24 June 2017
13284:Parfitt, Tom (22 December 2008).
12939:"Georgia breaks ties with Russia"
12753:from the original on 1 April 2019
12601:from the original on 15 July 2015
12569:from the original on 7 April 2014
12539:from the original on 7 April 2014
12513:from the original on 5 March 2019
12426:from the original on 30 June 2017
11995:"Media war flares over S Ossetia"
11971:from the original on 6 March 2019
11803:from the original on 9 April 2019
11702:"Tennis Shoes and Stolen Toilets"
11615:from the original on 14 July 2009
11156:Viktor Baranets (8 August 2014).
11137:from the original on 5 March 2019
11059:from the original on 5 March 2019
10894:Goga Aptsiauri (12 August 2009).
10801:from the original on 2 April 2019
10767:from the original on 5 March 2017
10669:from the original on 2 April 2019
10611:from the original on 22 June 2017
10293:(in Russian). 11 September 2008.
10265:from the original on 16 June 2017
10156:from the original on 7 June 2011.
9780:"Russia vows to defend S Ossetia"
9715:from the original on 8 March 2016
9513:from the original on 27 July 2008
9483:from the original on 5 March 2019
9445:Tea Kerdzevadze (1 August 2008).
9336:Mikheil Svanidze (11 July 2008).
9302:Margarita Antidze (8 July 2008).
9030:from the original on 25 June 2017
8844:"Georgia 'plans war in Abkhazia'"
8571:from the original on 5 March 2019
8313:from the original on 16 July 2011
8029:Luke Harding (1 September 2008).
7808:Lieven, Anatol (11 August 2008).
7713:Stephen F. Jones (10 June 2014).
7349:Ramūnas Bogdanas (28 July 2015).
7127:from the original on 15 June 2014
7055:from the original on 20 June 2018
6986:Luke Harding (19 November 2008).
6746:. Ossetia-war.com. Archived from
6475:from the original on 4 March 2017
6249:from the original on 5 June 2011.
6150:Irma Choladze (22 January 2009).
5793:utility aircraft: (3, destroyed).
5767:Radars (2, of which destroyed: 2)
5488:: (1, destroyed) (1, destroyed ).
5443:: (9, destroyed) (2, destroyed ).
5408:strategic bomber: (1, destroyed).
4838:76th Pskov Air Assault Divisions
4085:, which in 2022 escalated into a
4023:Georgian Coast Guard patrol boat
3707:European Union Monitoring Mission
3657:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2824:. The Russian exercise was named
2545:which Russia had been resisting.
2530:region of Abkhazia, when a local
2392:Russian interests and involvement
2138:taking place there. In 2022, the
737:Total in Abkhazia: 9,000 soldiers
19262:Wars involving Georgia (country)
18582:
18456:Absorption by the Russian Empire
17410:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
17203:Russian conquest of Central Asia
17139:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
16935:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
16877:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
16621:Andre Nekrasov's Russian Lessons
16599:Fighting in South Ossetia Photos
16576:OSCE Mission to Georgia (closed)
16571:EU Monitoring Mission in Georgia
16448:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
16164:
15964:
15862:
15811:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
15802:
15742:
15608:
15543:
15350:from the original on 24 May 2009
15302:
14940:
14894:"A Resolute Strategy on Georgia"
14851:
14799:
14775:
14757:
14726:
14699:
14674:
14659:
14553:
14527:
14503:
14451:
14438:
14420:
14402:
14326:
14281:
14218:
14200:
14178:
14148:
14117:
14101:
14079:
14023:
13993:
13969:
13951:
13873:
13840:
13774:
13708:from the original on 4 May 2009.
13660:
13630:
13603:
13576:
13545:
13484:
13458:
13442:. Stratfor Global Intelligence.
13431:
13400:
13373:
13360:"EUMM Mission Facts And Figures"
13352:
13327:
13277:
13252:
13222:
13200:
13171:
13149:
13120:
13092:
13070:
13043:
13021:
12988:
12961:
12904:
12892:from the original on 7 June 2011
12878:
12866:from the original on 7 June 2011
12852:
12840:from the original on 7 June 2011
12826:
12796:
12765:
12735:
12683:
12665:
12639:
12581:
12551:
12525:
12494:
12471:
12438:
12358:
12334:Kilner, James (15 August 2008).
12327:
12309:
12211:"Russia Endorses Six-Point Plan"
12153:Markoff, John (12 August 2008).
12120:
12087:
12025:
11952:
11859:
11841:
11829:from the original on 7 June 2011
11815:
11772:from the original on 7 June 2011
11758:
11728:
11693:
11658:
11597:
11571:. 11 August 2008. Archived from
11557:
11545:from the original on 7 July 2017
11501:
11479:
11328:
11310:
11280:
11254:
11231:
11212:
11149:
11125:C. J. Chivers (15 August 2008).
11097:
11071:
11007:
10961:from the original on 7 July 2013
10925:from the original on 8 July 2018
10906:
10887:
10866:
10755:Harding, Luke (11 August 2008).
10650:
10623:
10538:
10505:
10449:
10431:
10277:
10198:
10172:Allenova, Olga (8 August 2008).
10091:
10076:
10048:
9884:
9802:
9772:
9727:
9695:
9603:
9595:. 26 August 2008. Archived from
9525:
9495:
9471:Shanker, Thom (16 August 2008).
9438:
9420:
9295:
9255:
9231:
9206:
9178:
9162:"RUSSIA VS GEORGIA: THE FALLOUT"
9154:
9124:
9098:
9016:
9004:from the original on 20 May 2008
8934:
8810:
8779:
8723:
8707:Vladimir Socor (18 April 2008).
8674:
8644:
8609:
8583:
8552:
8521:
8453:"Georgia's Nato bid irks Russia"
7917:from the original on 1 June 2010
7670:from the original on 14 May 2016
7523:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00762.x
7379:Gustav Gressel (6 August 2015).
7231:Vladimir Socor (8 August 2008).
6857:Fawkes, Helen (20 August 2008).
6152:"Kodori Gorge Refugees in Limbo"
5905:: (10, destroyed) (3, captured).
5762:TEL (for Buk-M1): (2, captured).
5491:2 Unknown truck: (2, destroyed).
5401:strike aircraft: (2, destroyed).
5265:: (1, destroyed) (1, captured ).
5221:Tanks (4, of which destroyed: 4)
5077:The Georgian army possessed 154
4732:76th Guards Air Assault Division
4279:
3873:international laws governing war
3533:Geneva International Discussions
3280:Battle off the coast of Abkhazia
2868:At 8:00 am on 1 August, an
2830:North Caucasus Military District
2704:, Russian Ambassador to the UN.
2315:South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
2075:forces opened a second front by
1997:South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1728:
1697:Georgian-Ossetian Crisis of 2004
1043:
1010:
947:
900:
864:
804:
784:
770:
757:
744:
727:76th Guards Air Assault Division
694:42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division
658:
633:
621:
609:
597:
585:
573:
559:
544:
518:
506:
494:
474:
454:
442:
430:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
325:
311:
288:
272:
259:
246:
110:
99:
90:
79:
70:
18142:List of ongoing armed conflicts
17984:East Prigorodny conflict (1992)
17696:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
17341:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
17282:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
15535:. November 2008. Archived from
15037:. 9 August 2008. Archived from
14430:. RIA Novosti. 19 August 2008.
14192:. 9 August 2008. Archived from
13610:Johnson, Boris (6 March 2022).
13407:Robert Kagan (11 August 2008).
13108:(in Russian). 29 September 2011
12623:. RIA Novosti. 9 October 2008.
12478:Halpin, Tony (23 August 2008).
12459:from the original on 5 May 2009
12187:. RIA Novosti. 12 August 2008.
12130:. RIA Novosti. 10 August 2008.
12063:Svante Cornell (17 June 2009).
11434:Ilya Kachayev (9 August 2008).
11219:Luke Harding (18 August 2008).
11047:C.J. Chivers (22 August 2008).
10947:Luke Harding (14 August 2008).
10721:Barnard, Anne (9 August 2008).
10512:Ralph Peters (12 August 2008).
9552:from the original on 2 May 2016
9026:. UN News Centre. 15 May 2008.
8616:Evans, Michael (5 April 2008).
8475:
8444:
8399:
8377:
8351:
8335:. RIA Novosti. 13 August 2008.
8325:
8274:Charles King (25 August 2004).
8053:
8022:
7968:
7929:
7867:
7764:Stephen Jones (November 2008).
7757:
7706:
7576:
7560:
7544:
7402:
7169:
7040:
6936:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
6888:Michael Emerson (August 2008).
6651:Inal Khashig (14 August 2008).
6504:"Human Rights Watch – Appendix"
6454:
6413:Luke Harding (11 August 2008).
6406:
6124:Hider, James (27 August 2008).
6086:
5978:– a 2011 film depicting the war
5939:: (3, destroyed) (1, captured).
5891:: (1, destroyed) (6, captured).
5713:: (4, destroyed) (1, captured).
5706:: (2, destroyed) (2, captured).
5580:: (2, destroyed) (1, captured).
5366:: (1, captured and destroyed ).
3809:on 6 March 2022, the incumbent
3529:Occupied territories of Georgia
3490:No recourse to the use of force
3444:including some in Russian media
3273:
2986:use the Georgian response as a
2863:
2848:For a chronological guide, see
2738:United Nations General Assembly
2697:United Nations Security Council
2458:persecution of ethnic Georgians
2037:diplomatic crisis by April 2008
1989:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1832:Occupied territories of Georgia
19307:Russia–South Ossetia relations
19252:Invasions of Georgia (country)
18472:Democratic Republic of Georgia
18111:Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)
18004:Second Chechen War (1999–2009)
17969:Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)
17378:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
17028:War of the Austrian Succession
16609:Russian air attacks in Georgia
16522:(2008); a Russian perspective.
16338:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2014).
16320:Russia and its Near Neighbours
16198:Small Nations and Great Powers
15872:. Civil.Ge. 11 November 2009.
15624:(in Russian). 16 August 2008.
15151:. US Army War College: 65–80.
15000:(in Russian). 11 August 2008.
14950:. RIA Novosti. 8 August 2008.
14063:. United Nations. 7 May 2014.
13315:Matt Robinson (16 June 2009).
12911:Jun Okumura (29 August 2008).
12649:. Civil.Ge. 13 December 2008.
12535:. Civil.Ge. 8 September 2008.
12094:Asher Moses (12 August 2008).
11368:Ariel Cohen (11 August 2008).
11238:Tony Halpin (18 August 2008).
10554:(in Russian). 15 August 2008.
8409:Дума разочаровала непризнанных
8213:"Q&A: Conflict in Georgia"
7940:. Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
6117:
6059:
6056:a part of Georgia's territory.
6033:
5918:1 MAN KAT1 4x4: (1, captured).
5671:divisional gun: (4, captured).
5538:: (1, destroyed) (1, captured)
5328:: (3, destroyed) (1, damaged).
5053:After the ceasefire agreement
4811:Deployed units: Abkhaz sector
4686:71st Motorised Rifle Regiment
4675:70th Motorised Rifle Regiment
4672:42nd Motorised Rifle Division
4529:Special Operations Department
4319:NATO reaction in the Black Sea
4206:– Hungarian opposition leader
4034:on its arrival at the port of
3957:European Court of Human Rights
3953:International Court of Justice
3746:the official return of history
3470:after negotiations on the plan
3126:Bombing and occupation of Gori
2843:
2499:came to power after Georgia's
2299:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2294:, but even so, were defeated.
2221:Mongol invasions of the region
2134:and was responsible for grave
2128:European Court of Human Rights
2003:control of Russian-backed but
1522:Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
13:
1:
18137:List of Post-Soviet conflicts
18089:Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
18056:Wagner Group rebellion (2023)
17994:First Chechen War (1994–1996)
17952:Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)
17601:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
17479:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
17230:Russian invasion of Manchuria
17220:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
17166:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
17161:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
17104:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
17094:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
17059:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
17054:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
17044:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
17034:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
17012:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
17007:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
16984:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
16979:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
16954:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
16930:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
16925:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
16910:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
16785:List of wars involving Russia
16780:Sino-Russian border conflicts
16359:Laaneots, Ants (April 2016).
15461:Small Wars & Insurgencies
14733:Tran, Mark (21 August 2008).
14706:Mike Mount (20 August 2008).
14310:(in Polish). 12 August 2008.
14162:(in Swedish). 8 August 2008.
11959:Guy Chazan (14 August 2008).
11533:Guy Chazan (19 August 2008).
9916:Peter Finn (17 August 2008).
9711:(in Russian). 4 August 2008.
9247:. 2 July 2008. Archived from
8528:Anne Gearan (9 August 2008).
8507:"Revolutions in the Pipeline"
8307:"Regional Conflicts Reloaded"
7297:"Moscow Claims Media War Win"
6782:"A Summary of Russian Attack"
6355:Tom Parfitt (9 August 2008).
6111:
5995:Kosovo independence precedent
5847:Lindau-class minesweeper Aeti
5110:DANA self-propelled howitzers
5089:and 86 multi-purpose tracked
4751:98th Guards Airborne Division
4651:19th Motorised Rifle Division
4512:Ministry of Internal Affairs
4458:Military Engineering Brigade
4357:Armed Forces of South Ossetia
4342:
3844:South Ossetian refugees in a
3757:Russia's geopolitical goals.
3576:would now oversee the areas.
3405:Tbilisi International Airport
3070:. One Georgian diplomat told
2996:several Russian media reports
2778:population from South Ossetia
2382:ethnic cleansing of Georgians
2199:in 1921 and was renamed into
2195:. Ossetia became part of the
2149:
2130:ruled that Russia maintained
2124:ethnic cleansing of Georgians
1077:Ministry of Internal Affairs:
997:Ministry of Internal Affairs:
987:
876:
18732:Russian-occupied territories
18563:Timeline of Georgian history
18024:Revolution of Dignity (2014)
18009:Tuzla Island conflict (2003)
17962:Transnistria War (1990–1992)
17868:Russian intervention of 2008
17863:Red Army invasion of Georgia
17793:Sasanian invasion of 541–562
17788:Sasanian invasion of 526–532
17556:Eritrean War of Independence
17526:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
17521:East German uprising of 1953
17462:Eastern Front (World War II)
17351:Red Army invasion of Georgia
17346:Red Army invasion of Armenia
17314:Estonian War of Independence
17255:Russian occupation of Tabriz
17176:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
17134:War of the Seventh Coalition
17017:War of the Polish Succession
16964:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
16394:"IIFFMCG Report. Volume III"
16344:. Rowman & Littlefield.
14841:International Herald Tribune
14688:International Herald Tribune
14386:(in French). 8 August 2008.
14360:International Herald Tribune
13857:(in Russian). Archived from
13509:10.1080/09662839.2012.656595
13491:Henrik Larsen (March 2012).
13050:Nikoloz Samkharadze (2021).
12888:. Civil.Ge. 26 August 2008.
12862:. Civil.Ge. 26 August 2008.
12836:. Civil.Ge. 26 August 2008.
12772:Mark Tran (26 August 2008).
12693:. Civil.Ge. 28 August 2008.
12213:. Civil.Ge. 12 August 2008.
11491:International Herald Tribune
11264:. Civil.Ge. 23 August 2008.
10833:International Herald Tribune
10634:. EurasiaNet. Archived from
9837:Это не конфликт, это – война
9819:(in Russian). Archived from
9223:(in Russian). Archived from
9052:. RIA Novosti. 16 May 2008.
8715:. The Jamestown Foundation.
8389:International Herald Tribune
8309:. Russia in Global Affairs.
7877:. Agenda.ge. 31 March 2015.
7587:International Criminal Court
6653:"Abkhaz Open 'Second Front'"
6398:(in Russian). Archived from
6245:. The Jamestown Foundation.
5474:9 KamAZ 6x6: (9, destroyed).
5037:
4608:Russian peacekeeping forces
4515:Special Tasks Main Division
4212:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
4159:– The presidents of Poland,
4117:– British Foreign Secretary
4097:Minister for Foreign Affairs
4095:– On 8 August 2008, Swedish
3990:
3949:International Criminal Court
3896:denied using cluster bombs.
3596:Russian-occupied territories
3522:
3409:military manufacturing plant
3106:" without lengthy planning.
3061:Georgian forces, among them
3049:Georgian artillery launched
2929:headquarters in Tskhinvali.
2768:reported in early July that
2614:at the 2008 Bucharest Summit
2592:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
2543:West's recognition of Kosovo
2237:took over the Georgian lands
2179:Fragment of the 1856 map by
2140:International Criminal Court
2005:internationally unrecognised
1815:International recognition of
1147:who moved to Georgia proper)
871:Ministry of Internal Affairs
722:7th Guards Airborne Division
32:Red Army invasion of Georgia
7:
18044:Russian invasion of Ukraine
17979:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
17974:South Ossetia War (1991–92)
17783:Georgian campaign of Pompey
17596:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
17546:Sino-Soviet border conflict
17415:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
17383:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
17319:Latvian War of Independence
17208:Russian conquest of Bukhara
17099:War of the Fourth Coalition
17084:War of the Second Coalition
16383:"IIFFMCG Report. Volume II"
16195:Cornell, Svante E. (2001).
15035:Russian Ministry of Defence
14007:. Reuters. 7 October 2008.
11825:. Civil.Ge. 8 August 2008.
11768:. Civil.Ge. 8 August 2008.
10175:Первая миротворческая война
10152:. Civil.Ge. 8 August 2008.
10101:. Civil.Ge. 7 August 2008.
10020:. Civil.Ge. 6 August 2008.
9538:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 71.
8733:. Civil.Ge. 24 April 2008.
8688:(in Russian). 12 March 2013
8361:. Civil.Ge. 29 March 2007.
7109:Martin Malek (March 2009).
6966:"Smoldering Feud, Then War"
6301:Barabanov, Mikhail (2009).
6102:Russian invasion of Georgia
6044:only a few other countries
5967:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5950:
5915:1 KamAZ 6x6: (1, captured).
4611:496 from Russian battalion
4227:rotating Council presidency
3801:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3301:Russian Ministry of Defence
3284:Battle of the Kodori Valley
2870:improvised explosive device
2440:, an alleged member of the
2231:. In the 19th century, the
1983:in April 1991, following a
1951:Russian invasion of Georgia
1863:Belarusian–Russian Milk War
1826:South Ossetian independence
1824:Controversy over Abkhaz and
838:10,000 reservists mobilised
10:
19348:
19292:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
18291:Christianization of Iberia
17591:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
17129:War of the Sixth Coalition
17119:War of the Fifth Coalition
17089:War of the Third Coalition
16694:Military history of Russia
16656:Armed conflicts involving
16399:. IIFFMCG. September 2009.
16388:. IIFFMCG. September 2009.
16377:. IIFFMCG. September 2009.
16372:"IIFFMCG Report. Volume I"
15974:Цена победы в Южной Осетии
15106:. Aviation. Archived from
14257:Ben Smith (2 March 2010).
13468:. RFE/RL. 18 August 2009.
13263:. Routledge. p. 224.
10898:. Media.ge. Archived from
9612:"The new cold war hots up"
8786:Finn, Peter (1 May 2008).
8593:. Civil.Ge. 4 April 2008.
8248:. BBC. 27 September 2012.
8031:"Russia's cruel intention"
7847:International Crisis Group
7650:Souleimanov, Emil (2013).
6081:Russian-occupied territory
5067:armoured fighting vehicles
5005:Russian military success.
4908:
4543:Special Operations Centre
4346:
4283:
4171:and the prime minister of
4046:
4040:
3833:
3823:
3605:
3526:
3462:Joint press conference by
3430:
3350:
3277:
3270:was now free for transit.
3129:
3083:Security Council of Russia
3018:
2977:Georgian Interior Ministry
2847:
2667:
2663:
2641:Chief of the General Staff
2626:campaigned for offering a
2576:
2239:. In the aftermath of the
2227:eventually was split into
2201:North Ossetia only in 1924
2170:
2162:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
2159:
2153:
2099:, personally negotiated a
2077:attacking the Kodori Gorge
1953:, was a war waged against
1848:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
1817:Abkhazia and South Ossetia
1674:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
55:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
29:
19317:Military of South Ossetia
19302:Abkhazia–Russia relations
19247:2008 in Georgia (country)
19188:
19119:
19062:
18927:
18918:
18849:
18840:
18766:
18757:
18730:
18690:
18600:
18591:
18580:
18525:
18464:
18446:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
18419:Principality of Mingrelia
18299:
18223:
18214:
18129:
18096:Albanian Civil War (1997)
18064:
18014:Russo-Georgian War (2008)
17920:
17798:Turkic-Byzantine invasion
17773:
17704:
17639:
17430:Soviet invasion of Poland
17240:
17124:French invasion of Russia
16992:
16890:
16809:
16735:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
16727:
16684:
16677:
16442:Asmus, Ronald D. (2010).
16272:. U.S. Army War College.
15473:10.1080/09592310902975539
13066:– via ibidem Press.
12101:The Sydney Morning Herald
11342:. PONARS Eurasia Policy.
10018:"S.Ossetia Rejects Talks"
8820:. Civil.Ge. 26 May 2008.
7910:. Georgetown University.
6335:"Russia's rapid reaction"
6020:New Look military reforms
5692:howitzer: (1, destroyed).
5685:howitzer: (17, captured).
5033:Equipment losses and cost
4955:
4917:Buk-M1 air defence system
4878:
4810:
4567:
4415:Special Operations Forces
4397:
3679:in South Ossetia and the
3663:Russian military presence
2639:invasion of Georgia. The
2503:, which ousted president
2338:Supreme Soviet of Georgia
1692:1991–92 South Ossetia War
1682:
1436:North Caucasus insurgency
1328:
1200:
1108:
980:Reservists and militiamen
889:
879:5,000 MIA police officers
833:In Georgia proper (Gori):
648:
301:
236:
216:Georgia loses control of
144:
64:
48:
43:
19287:Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
18700:Administrative divisions
18441:Shah Abbas I's invasions
18404:Principality of Abkhazia
18347:First Kingdom of Kakheti
18152:List of frozen conflicts
17848:Ottoman invasion of 1578
17571:South African Border War
17496:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
17398:Chechen uprising of 1932
17079:Russo-Persian War (1796)
16230:Saparov, Arsène (2014).
16209:George, Julie A (2009).
15973:
15616:
15029:
14992:
14783:
14109:
13849:
12589:
12533:"New Agreement in Force"
12033:
11158:
11106:
10546:
10285:
10207:
10174:
10056:
9892:
9836:
9811:
9735:
9703:
9263:
9239:
9215:
9186:
8970:. Civil.Ge. 8 May 2008.
8944:. Civil.Ge. 8 May 2008.
8408:
6762:
6724:
6627:
6388:
6026:
5168:Russia and South Ossetia
5137:aircraft, including the
4975:unmanned aerial vehicles
4700:Special Battalion Vostok
4472:Separate Tank Battalion
4366:Georgian order of battle
3738:fall of the Soviet Union
3677:4th Guards Military Base
3407:by Russian warplanes. A
2927:Joint Peacekeeping Force
2919:Russian Foreign Ministry
2620:NATO summit in Bucharest
2363:Joint Control Commission
2166:Georgia–Russia relations
2103:agreement on 12 August.
2045:1992 ceasefire agreement
2009:joint peacekeeping force
2007:separatists. In 1992, a
1853:Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
780:: 3,000 regular soldiers
220:in Abkhazia, as well as
203:Georgia–Russia relations
121:Clockwise from top left:
18409:Principality of Svaneti
18332:Kingdom of the Iberians
18236:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
18116:Unrest in Kosovo (2004)
18084:Bosnian War (1992–1995)
17213:Khivan campaign of 1873
17064:Russo-Polish War (1792)
16258:. Editura Curtea Veche.
15291:(6): 58. Archived from
14930:The Heritage Foundation
13587:. European Parliament.
13137:. July 2019. p. 14
12261:The translation of the
12034:Рунет вернулся в Грузию
11965:The Wall Street Journal
11539:The Wall Street Journal
8534:San Francisco Chronicle
7975:Hooman Peimani (2009).
7455:The Wall Street Journal
7334:, pp. 94, 96, 101.
7205:. Library of Congress.
6970:The Wall Street Journal
6744:"Deceased victims list"
5083:reconnaissance vehicles
5026:Russian Airborne Troops
4977:was not sanctioned; an
4714:Special Battalion Zapad
4622:488 from North Ossetia
4389:United States Air Force
4329:humanitarian assistance
4271:– President of Belarus
3996:International reactions
3979:, Gamlet Guchmazov and
3705:Since October 2008 the
3647:chairman, NATO and the
3417:The Wall Street Journal
3372:The Wall Street Journal
3081:, an urgent session of
2838:Kansas State University
2806:Immediate Response 2008
2532:militia leader rebelled
2487:and Georgian President
2274:, who were affected by
1707:Murder of Tamaz Ginturi
684:Russian Airborne Troops
680:(about 70,000 soldiers)
18307:Principality of Iberia
18101:Kosovo War (1998–1999)
18019:Maidan Uprising (2013)
17999:War in Abkhazia (1998)
17818:Great Turkish Invasion
17686:Western Libya campaign
17361:East Karelian uprising
16882:Wagner Group rebellion
16817:Uprising of Bolotnikov
16414:. 2010. Archived from
16323:. Palgrave Macmillan.
16215:. Palgrave Macmillan.
14448:, GFSIS: 2019, page 16
13409:"Putin Makes His Move"
13232:Beyond Frozen Conflict
13031:. France24. 1 May 2008
12268:14 August 2008 at the
7936:Alexei Zverev (1996).
6509:. Human Rights Watch.
5861:Zhuk class patrol boat
5180:
5128:rigid-hull inflatables
5050:
4918:
4361:Abkhazian Armed Forces
4038:
4016:
4004:US Secretary of State
3908:
3907:from the conflict zone
3868:
3856:
3733:
3688:International monitors
3633:diplomatic recognition
3628:
3542:
3513:
3471:
3296:
3201:Gori Military Hospital
3188:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3140:Nearly-intact Russian
3046:
3038:
2947:
2860:
2684:
2628:Membership Action Plan
2615:
2492:
2378:war in the early 1990s
2212:
2204:
1809:Reconstruction efforts
1780:International reaction
1626:Wagner Group rebellion
1132:) killed and 3 wounded
1056:Georgian Armed Forces:
794:: 1,000 special troops
302:Commanders and leaders
222:Akhalgori Municipality
196:Russian military bases
19277:2008 in South Ossetia
19267:Wars involving Russia
18451:1795 Persian Invasion
18414:Principality of Guria
17828:Azat Mousa's invasion
17681:Intervention in Syria
17616:Tajikistani Civil War
17324:Lithuanian–Soviet War
17265:Battle of Robat Karim
16714:Post-Soviet conflicts
16484:Allison, Roy (2013).
16405:"The Tanks of August"
15529:"The Caucasus Crisis"
14910:on 10 September 2008.
14847:on 19 September 2008.
14795:on 12 September 2008.
14519:. 30 September 2009.
13758:. Council of Europe.
13238:. CEPS. p. 196.
13135:Amnesty International
12597:. 13 September 2008.
12317:"President of Russia"
11262:"Police Back in Gori"
9599:on 20 September 2008.
8395:on 17 September 2008.
7510:International Affairs
7179:. CNN. Archived from
6810:Amnesty International
5774:P-18 ''Spoon Rest D''
5175:
5045:
4925:with shooting down a
4916:
4831:Air Assault Division
4772:One Battalion of the
4595:South Ossetian troops
4451:5th Infantry Brigade
4444:4th Infantry Brigade
4437:3rd Infantry Brigade
4430:2nd Infantry Brigade
4423:1st Infantry Brigade
4349:Georgian Armed Forces
4022:
4003:
3902:
3862:
3843:
3724:
3615:
3540:
3487:
3480:EU Council presidency
3461:
3386:Vaziani Military Base
3291:
3186:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3139:
3044:
3028:
2956:US Embassy in Tbilisi
2943:
2858:
2798:US Secretary of State
2718:Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
2682:
2630:(MAP) to Georgia and
2609:
2482:
2317:. Historians such as
2210:
2178:
2053:Georgia–Russia border
1858:Transnistria conflict
1804:Infrastructure damage
1581:Revolution of Dignity
1518:Dungan–Kazakh clashes
1320:Post-Soviet conflicts
913:Russian Armed Forces:
890:Casualties and losses
811:Georgian Armed Forces
689:4th Air Force Command
59:Post-Soviet conflicts
19047:World Heritage Sites
18630:Environmental issues
17664:Annexation of Crimea
17368:Central Asian Revolt
17277:Ukrainian–Soviet War
17149:Russo-Circassian War
16832:Pugachev's Rebellion
16775:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
16719:Russian Armed Forces
16689:Early modern warfare
16518:Niedermaier, Ana K.
15562:on 2 September 2008.
15298:on 21 December 2009.
15187:Moscow Defence Brief
15110:on 20 November 2008.
14487:. 30 September 2009.
13861:on 13 September 2008
13428:, pp. vii–viii.
13380:Kaarel Kaas (2009).
13335:"EUMM – Our Mandate"
12565:. 8 September 2008.
11688:large holes in them.
11569:Agence France-Presse
11164:Komsomolskaya Pravda
10463:on 22 February 2012.
10445:on 10 February 2015.
9434:on 26 February 2015.
9216:Как готовилась война
8517:on 7 September 2008.
8494:on 3 September 2008.
8219:. 11 November 2008.
7500:Roy Allison (2008).
6816:on 11 December 2008.
6770:on 5 September 2008.
6307:Moscow Defence Brief
6183:on 2 September 2008.
5664:divisional gun: (1).
5189:Moscow Defence Brief
5149:helicopters and one
5060:Moscow Defence Brief
4879:Deployed units: Air
4411:Ministry of Defence
4373:Moscow Defence Brief
4353:Russian Armed Forces
4273:Alexander Lukashenko
4239:– German chancellor
4185:Toomas Hendrik Ilves
4083:annexation of Crimea
4064:– On 5 August 2008,
4010:President of Georgia
3730:Nabucco gas pipeline
3728:(green) and planned
3021:Battle of Tskhinvali
3015:Battle of Tskhinvali
2709:reconnaissance drone
2645:Russian Armed Forces
2491:in Tbilisi, May 2005
2475:Unresolved conflicts
2348:, thus becoming the
2280:Menshevik government
2033:severely deteriorate
2027:in Georgia in 2003,
1949:, also known as the
1601:annexation of Crimea
1128:Foreign journalist (
965:Ministry of Defence:
665:Russian Armed Forces
19312:Invasions by Russia
18497:Independent Georgia
18327:Kingdom of Abkhazia
18241:Kura–Araxes culture
18231:Prehistoric Georgia
17914:conflicts in Europe
17724:Sphere of influence
17654:Russo-Ukrainian War
17511:First Indochina War
17484:Soviet–Japanese War
17420:Xinjiang War (1937)
17289:Kazakhstan Campaign
17074:Kościuszko Uprising
16974:Second Northern War
16852:Coup attempt (1991)
16745:Soviet-Finnish wars
15979:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
15858:on 13 October 2013.
15755:radiotavisupleba.ge
15714:, pp. 110–111.
15539:on 1 December 2008.
14670:. Atlantic Council.
14541:. 30 September 2009
13668:"Executive Summary"
13644:. 23 January 2009.
13413:The Washington Post
12915:. GLOCOM Platform.
12420:The Washington Post
11706:The Weekly Standard
10514:"Russia Goes Rogue"
10399:, pp. 370–371.
9923:The Washington Post
9842:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
9817:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
9622:on 17 August 2008.
8792:The Washington Post
8414:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
8157:, pp. 233–235.
8142:, pp. 206–209.
8115:, pp. 331–332.
8102:on 20 October 2014.
7965:, pp. 157–158.
7833:, pp. 154–155.
7601:, pp. 131–135.
7540:on 29 January 2011.
7165:on 22 January 2017.
6616:, pp. 136–137.
6561:on 25 February 2009
6540:, pp. 130–135.
6341:on 21 October 2008.
6162:on 11 October 2014.
5990:For Enforcing Peace
5962:Russo-Ukrainian War
5923:Land Rover Defender
5202:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
5009:Heritage Foundation
4333:Montreux convention
4265:were near partners.
4197:Mikheil Saakashvili
4135:Bush administration
4013:Mikheil Saakashvili
3717:Geopolitical impact
3454:Ceasefire agreement
3427:Media and cyber war
3421:Baku–Supsa Pipeline
3391:The Daily Telegraph
3367:Anatoliy Nogovitsyn
2913:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
2903:Ambassador-at-Large
2770:Chechen separatists
2750:European Parliament
2505:Eduard Shevardnadze
2497:Mikheil Saakashvili
2489:Mikheil Saakashvili
2370:autonomous republic
2355:ceasefire agreement
2136:human rights abuses
2097:President of France
1868:Russo–Ukrainian War
1790:Humanitarian impact
1487:Kyrgyz revolutions
1253:Uncontested Georgia
1110:Civilian casualties
552:Mikheil Saakashvili
481:Anatoly Barankevich
226:Tskhinvali District
19322:August 2008 events
19237:Russo-Georgian War
18889:Telecommunications
18517:Russo-Georgian War
18431:Kingdom of Kakheti
18399:Kingdom of Imereti
18394:Turkmen incursions
18389:Samtskhe atabegate
18352:Kingdom of Georgia
18322:Emirate of Tbilisi
18312:Bagrationi dynasty
18147:List of proxy wars
17838:Turkoman invasions
17813:Byzantine invasion
17714:Russian Revolution
17649:Russo-Georgian War
17631:Second Chechen War
17611:Georgian Civil War
17250:Russo-Japanese War
17002:Great Northern War
16900:Russo-Crimean Wars
16872:Second Chechen War
16770:Russo-Turkish wars
16765:Russo-Swedish wars
16755:Russo-Persian Wars
16740:Russo-Crimean Wars
16604:Boston.com Gallery
16511:Mankoff, Jeffrey.
16504:Jones, Stephen F.
16421:on 28 January 2011
16204:. RoutledgeCurzon.
15315:The New York Times
15224:The New York Times
15041:on 12 August 2008.
14771:on 28 August 2008.
14695:on 31 August 2008.
14656:, pp. 89–103.
14416:on 31 August 2008.
14366:on 21 August 2008.
14234:. 12 August 2008.
14214:on 28 August 2008.
14196:on 10 August 2008.
14005:The New York Times
13788:on 2 October 2008.
13731:. 18 August 2008.
13729:Human Rights Watch
13616:The New York Times
13564:on 9 November 2015
13009:on 19 January 2022
12945:. 29 August 2008.
12810:. 26 August 2008.
12749:. 25 August 2008.
12679:. 19 October 2010.
12507:The New York Times
12490:on 27 August 2008.
12293:. 13 August 2008.
12245:The New York Times
12159:The New York Times
11933:The New York Times
11903:. 10 August 2008.
11855:on 22 August 2008.
11712:on 14 January 2019
11640:The New York Times
11611:. 14 August 2008.
11575:on 17 August 2008.
11515:on 18 August 2008.
11497:on 13 August 2008.
11475:on 12 August 2008.
11399:. 21 August 2008.
11294:. 10 August 2008.
11250:on 18 August 2008.
11196:. 16 August 2008.
11194:Human Rights Watch
11131:The New York Times
11114:on 14 August 2008.
11053:The New York Times
11021:. 13 August 2008.
10989:The New York Times
10862:on 14 August 2008.
10840:on 13 August 2008.
10727:The New York Times
10605:The New York Times
10374:on 22 August 2008.
10259:The New York Times
10064:on 21 October 2020
9477:The New York Times
9457:on 13 August 2008.
8565:The New York Times
8066:The Ukrainian Week
7905:"The Five-Day War"
7820:on 12 August 2008.
6834:. 15 August 2008.
6659:on 14 August 2008.
6136:on 27 August 2008.
6069:in 1992, Abkhazia
5615:command post (for
5471:: (11, destroyed).
5464:D: (1, destroyed).
5293:P: (4, destroyed).
5286:: (10, destroyed).
5272:M: (2, destroyed).
5237:M: (1, destroyed).
5230:: (1, destroyed ).
5181:
5051:
4927:Tupolev-22M bomber
4919:
4587:Initially present
4560:Second Chechen War
4039:
4017:
3931:Akhalgori district
3916:, the villages of
3909:
3869:
3857:
3806:The New York Times
3775:post-Soviet states
3734:
3629:
3546:Russian withdrawal
3543:
3472:
3423:south of Tbilisi.
3353:Occupation of Poti
3347:Occupation of Poti
3297:
3241:Human Rights Watch
3220:Vyacheslav Borisov
3189:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3132:Occupation of Gori
3104:Caucasus Mountains
3047:
3039:
2934:Temur Iakobashvili
2861:
2818:Counter-insurgency
2685:
2616:
2610:Russian President
2493:
2460:living in Russia.
2400:, constituting a "
2241:Russian revolution
2225:Kingdom of Georgia
2213:
2205:
2035:, reaching a full
2013:a war in 1992–1993
1959:Russian Federation
1947:Russo-Georgian War
1722:Russo-Georgian War
1702:Russo-Georgian War
1586:pro-Russian unrest
1192:Russo-Georgian War
580:Davit Kezerashvili
406:Vyacheslav Borisov
346:Anatoliy Serdyukov
44:Russo-Georgian War
18:Russo–Georgian War
19242:Conflicts in 2008
19224:
19223:
19184:
19183:
19077:Ethnic minorities
19006:
18999:
18992:
18985:
18914:
18913:
18836:
18835:
18818:Political parties
18781:Foreign relations
18753:
18752:
18578:
18577:
18482:Red Army invasion
18426:Kingdom of Kartli
18384:Timur's invasions
18367:Battle of Didgori
18342:Kingdom of Hereti
18271:Kingdom of Iberia
18170:
18169:
17876:
17875:
17833:Timurid invasions
17732:
17731:
17621:First Chechen War
17576:Soviet–Afghan War
17561:Angolan Civil War
17336:Polish–Soviet War
17294:Finnish Civil War
17272:Russian Civil War
17171:November Uprising
17109:Anglo-Russian War
17049:Bar Confederation
16862:First Chechen War
16842:Russian Civil War
16837:Decembrist revolt
16827:Bulavin Rebellion
16822:Razin's Rebellion
16805:
16804:
16760:Russo-Polish Wars
16728:Lists by opponent
16497:978-0-19-959063-6
16476:978-0-7656-2509-0
16455:978-0-230-10228-6
16351:978-1-4422-3138-2
16330:978-0-230-39017-1
16243:978-1-317-63784-4
16222:978-0-230-10232-3
16188:Books and Reports
15961:, pp. 28–29.
15820:978-1-4422-4145-9
14292:. Foreign Policy.
14037:. 7 August 2009.
13497:European Security
13270:978-1-85743-955-7
13245:978-1-5381-4418-3
13063:978-3-8382-1414-6
11873:. 9 August 2008.
11742:. 8 August 2008.
11593:on 22 March 2014.
11424:, pp. 11–12.
11376:on 25 April 2009.
11324:. 10 August 2008.
10695:. 9 August 2008.
10489:on 27 March 2009.
10357:, pp. 50–51.
10342:, pp. 58–59.
9786:. 5 August 2008.
9545:978-0-7656-2942-5
9227:on 21 April 2012.
9138:. 2 August 2008.
8880:. 30 April 2008.
8850:. 29 April 2008.
8763:. 21 April 2008.
8658:. 11 April 2008.
8174:. 8 August 2008.
7988:978-1-59884-054-4
7717:. openDemocracy.
7663:978-1-137-28023-7
7625:, pp. 97–99.
7573:, 26 January 2021
7557:, 21 January 2021
7483:, pp. 26–27.
7399:, pp. 56–57.
7322:, pp. 53–54.
7028:on 2 January 2016
6791:on 2 August 2014.
6709:on 2 August 2014.
6402:on 9 August 2008.
6317:on 16 April 2009.
5912:6: (1, captured).
5898:B: (1, captured).
5863:(Operated by the
5856:: (1, destroyed).
5776:: (1, destroyed).
5619:): (1, captured).
5559:: (14, captured).
5481:: (1, destroyed).
5457:: (1, destroyed).
5450:: (3, destroyed).
5342:: (1, destroyed).
5307:: (1, destroyed).
5251:: (1, destroyed).
5244:: (1, destroyed).
5091:armoured vehicles
5022:Vladimir Boldyrev
4904:Military analysis
4901:
4900:
4874:
4873:
4806:
4805:
4547:
4546:
4370:According to the
4263:Silvio Berlusconi
4189:Viktor Yushchenko
4071:Viktor Yushchenko
4055:Western countries
3770:Medvedev Doctrine
3681:7th Military Base
3641:Council of Europe
3476:peace enforcement
3464:Russian president
2938:Marat Kulakhmetov
2883:Andrey Illarionov
2828:and units of the
2790:Russian Air Force
2758:Pavel Felgenhauer
2693:Russian president
2342:military conflict
2258:, located in the
2217:Georgian language
2065:peace enforcement
1941:
1940:
1715:
1714:
1638:
1637:
1284:
1283:
1157:
1156:
817:In South Ossetia:
671:In South Ossetia:
628:Vano Merabishvili
616:Mamuka Kurashvili
604:David Nairashvili
394:Vladimir Shamanov
382:Marat Kulakhmetov
370:Vladimir Boldyrev
232:
231:
228:in South Ossetia.
224:and parts of the
51:Abkhazia conflict
16:(Redirected from
19339:
19282:2008 in Abkhazia
19204:
19197:
19002:
18995:
18988:
18981:
18925:
18924:
18847:
18846:
18764:
18763:
18705:Cities and towns
18640:Greater Caucasus
18598:
18597:
18586:
18548:Military history
18533:Names of Georgia
18379:Mongol invasions
18251:Colchian culture
18246:Trialeti culture
18221:
18220:
18197:
18190:
18183:
18174:
18173:
17903:
17896:
17889:
17880:
17879:
17823:Mongol invasions
17803:Umayyad invasion
17759:
17752:
17745:
17736:
17735:
17606:Transnistria War
17551:War of Attrition
17457:Continuation War
17406:
17198:January Uprising
17039:Seven Years' War
16939:Time of Troubles
16905:Russo-Kazan Wars
16750:Russo-Kazan Wars
16682:
16681:
16650:
16643:
16636:
16627:
16626:
16526:Stent, Angela E.
16501:
16480:
16459:
16430:
16428:
16426:
16420:
16409:
16400:
16398:
16389:
16387:
16378:
16376:
16367:
16365:
16355:
16334:
16313:
16307:
16299:
16288:
16286:
16284:
16278:
16271:
16259:
16257:
16247:
16226:
16205:
16203:
16182:
16181:
16179:
16177:
16162:
15995:
15994:
15992:
15990:
15968:
15962:
15956:
15935:
15929:
15886:
15885:
15883:
15881:
15866:
15860:
15859:
15854:. Archived from
15844:
15825:
15824:
15806:
15800:
15794:
15771:
15770:
15768:
15766:
15746:
15740:
15734:
15715:
15709:
15694:
15688:
15682:
15676:
15665:
15659:
15653:
15647:
15638:
15637:
15635:
15633:
15612:
15606:
15600:
15591:
15585:
15564:
15563:
15558:. Archived from
15547:
15541:
15540:
15525:
15519:
15518:
15516:
15514:
15494:
15485:
15484:
15452:
15446:
15440:
15434:
15428:
15419:
15413:
15407:
15401:
15395:
15394:
15389:. Archived from
15378:
15372:
15366:
15360:
15359:
15357:
15355:
15340:
15331:
15330:
15328:
15326:
15306:
15300:
15299:
15297:
15282:
15273:
15264:
15258:
15252:
15246:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15215:
15200:
15199:
15198:on 11 July 2009.
15194:. Archived from
15177:
15168:
15167:
15165:
15163:
15157:
15142:
15133:
15112:
15111:
15099:
15066:
15065:
15060:. Archived from
15049:
15043:
15042:
15025:
15014:
15013:
15011:
15009:
14988:
14979:
14973:
14964:
14963:
14961:
14959:
14944:
14938:
14937:
14921:
14912:
14911:
14909:
14903:. Archived from
14898:
14889:
14880:
14874:
14868:
14867:
14855:
14849:
14848:
14833:
14824:
14823:
14821:
14819:
14803:
14797:
14796:
14779:
14773:
14772:
14761:
14755:
14754:
14752:
14750:
14730:
14724:
14723:
14721:
14719:
14703:
14697:
14696:
14691:. Archived from
14678:
14672:
14671:
14663:
14657:
14651:
14645:
14639:
14633:
14627:
14621:
14615:
14609:
14603:
14597:
14591:
14585:
14579:
14573:
14572:
14570:
14568:
14557:
14551:
14550:
14548:
14546:
14531:
14525:
14524:
14514:
14507:
14501:
14495:
14489:
14488:
14477:
14468:
14467:
14455:
14449:
14444:Olivia Hayward.
14442:
14436:
14435:
14424:
14418:
14417:
14406:
14400:
14399:
14397:
14395:
14374:
14368:
14367:
14362:. Archived from
14351:
14342:
14341:
14330:
14324:
14323:
14321:
14319:
14300:
14294:
14293:
14285:
14279:
14278:
14276:
14274:
14254:
14248:
14247:
14245:
14243:
14222:
14216:
14215:
14204:
14198:
14197:
14182:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14171:
14152:
14146:
14145:
14143:
14141:
14121:
14115:
14114:
14105:
14099:
14098:
14096:
14094:
14083:
14077:
14076:
14074:
14072:
14057:
14051:
14050:
14048:
14046:
14027:
14021:
14020:
14018:
14016:
13997:
13991:
13990:
13989:on 6 March 2009.
13988:
13981:
13973:
13967:
13966:
13955:
13949:
13948:
13946:
13944:
13925:
13914:
13908:
13902:
13901:
13899:
13897:
13877:
13871:
13870:
13868:
13866:
13844:
13838:
13837:
13822:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13811:
13796:
13790:
13789:
13778:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13767:
13751:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13740:
13721:
13710:
13709:
13694:
13688:
13687:
13685:
13683:
13664:
13658:
13657:
13655:
13653:
13634:
13628:
13627:
13607:
13601:
13600:
13598:
13596:
13580:
13574:
13573:
13571:
13569:
13560:. Archived from
13549:
13543:
13542:
13540:
13538:
13520:
13488:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13477:
13462:
13456:
13455:
13453:
13451:
13435:
13429:
13423:
13417:
13416:
13404:
13398:
13397:
13395:
13393:
13377:
13371:
13370:
13368:
13366:
13356:
13350:
13349:
13347:
13345:
13331:
13325:
13324:
13312:
13306:
13305:
13303:
13301:
13281:
13275:
13274:
13256:
13250:
13249:
13237:
13226:
13220:
13219:
13217:
13215:
13204:
13198:
13197:
13195:
13193:
13183:
13175:
13169:
13168:
13166:
13164:
13153:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13132:
13124:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13113:
13096:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13074:
13068:
13067:
13047:
13041:
13040:
13038:
13036:
13025:
13019:
13018:
13016:
13014:
13008:
13001:
12992:
12986:
12985:
12983:
12981:
12965:
12959:
12958:
12956:
12954:
12935:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12924:
12908:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12897:
12882:
12876:
12875:
12873:
12871:
12856:
12850:
12849:
12847:
12845:
12830:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12819:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12791:
12789:
12769:
12763:
12762:
12760:
12758:
12739:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12728:
12713:
12707:
12706:
12704:
12702:
12687:
12681:
12680:
12669:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12658:
12643:
12637:
12636:
12634:
12632:
12617:
12611:
12610:
12608:
12606:
12585:
12579:
12578:
12576:
12574:
12555:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12529:
12523:
12522:
12520:
12518:
12498:
12492:
12491:
12486:. Archived from
12475:
12469:
12468:
12466:
12464:
12442:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12411:
12405:
12404:
12402:
12400:
12380:
12374:
12373:
12372:on 29 July 2012.
12362:
12356:
12355:
12353:
12351:
12331:
12325:
12324:
12313:
12307:
12306:
12304:
12302:
12283:
12277:
12260:
12258:
12256:
12236:
12227:
12226:
12224:
12222:
12207:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12196:
12181:
12175:
12174:
12172:
12170:
12150:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12139:
12124:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12113:
12091:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12080:
12060:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12046:
12029:
12023:
12017:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12006:
11990:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11956:
11950:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11923:
11917:
11916:
11914:
11912:
11893:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11882:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11845:
11839:
11838:
11836:
11834:
11819:
11813:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11788:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11777:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11751:
11732:
11726:
11725:
11719:
11717:
11708:. Archived from
11697:
11691:
11690:
11684:
11682:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11631:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11620:
11601:
11595:
11594:
11583:
11577:
11576:
11561:
11555:
11554:
11552:
11550:
11530:
11517:
11516:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11483:
11477:
11476:
11465:
11456:
11455:
11453:
11451:
11431:
11425:
11419:
11413:
11412:
11410:
11408:
11389:
11378:
11377:
11365:
11359:
11358:
11356:
11354:
11348:
11341:
11332:
11326:
11325:
11314:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11303:
11284:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11273:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11246:. Archived from
11235:
11229:
11228:
11216:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11205:
11186:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11175:
11153:
11147:
11146:
11144:
11142:
11122:
11116:
11115:
11101:
11095:
11094:
11092:
11090:
11085:on 30 March 2014
11075:
11069:
11068:
11066:
11064:
11044:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11030:
11011:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11000:
10980:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10966:
10944:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10930:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10891:
10885:
10884:
10870:
10864:
10863:
10851:
10842:
10841:
10824:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10806:
10786:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10772:
10752:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10738:
10718:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10704:
10685:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10674:
10654:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10643:
10627:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10616:
10596:
10587:
10581:
10572:
10566:
10560:
10559:
10542:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10531:
10509:
10503:
10497:
10491:
10490:
10478:
10465:
10464:
10453:
10447:
10446:
10435:
10429:
10423:
10412:
10406:
10400:
10394:
10388:
10382:
10376:
10375:
10364:
10358:
10352:
10343:
10337:
10331:
10325:
10319:
10313:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10302:
10281:
10275:
10274:
10272:
10270:
10250:
10241:
10235:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10224:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10169:
10158:
10157:
10146:
10140:
10134:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10095:
10089:
10088:
10080:
10074:
10073:
10071:
10069:
10052:
10046:
10040:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10014:
10008:
10007:
10006:on 6 March 2009.
10005:
9998:
9990:
9981:
9980:
9979:on 21 July 2011.
9978:
9972:. Archived from
9971:
9963:
9952:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9937:
9935:
9913:
9898:
9897:
9888:
9882:
9876:
9870:
9864:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9831:
9825:
9824:
9806:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9795:
9776:
9770:
9764:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9748:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9699:
9693:
9687:
9681:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9652:
9646:
9640:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9618:. Archived from
9607:
9601:
9600:
9583:
9577:
9571:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9529:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9518:
9509:. 16 July 2008.
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9468:
9459:
9458:
9453:. Archived from
9442:
9436:
9435:
9424:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9413:
9404:. 15 July 2008.
9394:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9374:. 10 July 2008.
9364:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9353:
9333:
9324:
9323:
9321:
9319:
9299:
9293:
9287:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9276:
9259:
9253:
9252:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9174:on 4 March 2016.
9173:
9166:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9128:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9046:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9020:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
8990:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8938:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8922:
8913:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8814:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8783:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8772:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8704:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8693:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8648:
8642:
8636:
8630:
8629:
8628:on 24 July 2008.
8624:. Archived from
8613:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8602:
8587:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8576:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8525:
8519:
8518:
8513:. Archived from
8502:
8496:
8495:
8490:. Archived from
8479:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8468:
8448:
8442:
8436:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8381:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8370:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8344:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8318:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8271:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8257:
8242:
8233:
8232:
8230:
8228:
8209:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8164:
8158:
8152:
8143:
8137:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8091:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8057:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7933:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7922:
7916:
7909:
7900:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7863:on 13 June 2007.
7862:
7856:. Archived from
7855:
7843:
7834:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7816:. Archived from
7805:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7785:
7770:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7743:
7737:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7647:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7580:
7574:
7564:
7558:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7533:. Archived from
7517:(6): 1145–1171.
7506:
7497:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7445:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7426:on 17 April 2016
7425:
7414:
7406:
7400:
7394:
7385:
7384:
7376:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7346:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7305:. Archived from
7292:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7258:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7228:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7198:
7185:
7184:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7157:
7148:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7106:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7074:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7017:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7003:
6983:
6974:
6973:
6961:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6927:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6905:
6894:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6720:
6711:
6710:
6699:
6684:
6683:
6672:
6661:
6660:
6648:
6637:
6636:
6635:on 28 July 2013.
6623:
6617:
6611:
6600:
6594:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6547:
6541:
6535:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6515:
6508:
6500:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6383:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6352:
6343:
6342:
6330:
6319:
6318:
6298:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6234:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6194:
6185:
6184:
6173:
6164:
6163:
6158:. Archived from
6147:
6138:
6137:
6132:. Archived from
6121:
6105:
6090:
6084:
6063:
6057:
6037:
5946:: (4, captured).
5932:: (6, captured).
5877:: (2, captured).
5842:: (1, scuttled).
5835:: (1, scuttled).
5748:: (2, captured).
5734:: (1, captured).
5727:: (1, captured).
5704:ShKH vz. 77 DANA
5594:: (1, captured).
5552:: (2, destroyed)
5524:: (1, captured).
5321:: (1, captured).
4876:
4875:
4808:
4807:
4780:of VDV (Moscow)
4565:
4564:
4395:
4394:
4313:Atlantic Council
4294:, a national of
4292:Heidi Tagliavini
4006:Condoleezza Rice
3977:Mikhail Mindzaev
3914:Memorial society
3891:The use of M85S
3754:Eastern European
3750:Western European
3552:Prisoners of war
3329:Associated Press
3112:Anatoly Khrulyov
3037:in South Ossetia
2963:
2899:Mikhail Mindzaev
2794:Condoleezza Rice
2744:Russia deployed
2536:Dmitry Sanakoyev
2323:Emil Souleimanov
2319:Stephen F. Jones
2297:The independent
1945:The August 2008
1933:
1926:
1919:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1799:Financial impact
1732:
1718:
1717:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1513:Gorno-Badakhshan
1508:South Kyrgyzstan
1481:Batken spillover
1338:Nagorno-Karabakh
1323:
1321:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1275:Assured Delivery
1218:Ethnic cleansing
1195:
1193:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1016:
1014:
1013:
989:
953:
951:
950:
906:
904:
903:
878:
869:
868:
867:
809:
808:
807:
790:
788:
787:
776:
774:
773:
762:
761:
760:
749:
748:
747:
663:
662:
661:
640:Alexandre Lomaia
638:
637:
626:
625:
614:
613:
602:
601:
590:
589:
578:
577:
564:
563:
555:
549:
548:
533:
523:
522:
511:
510:
499:
498:
490:
489:
479:
478:
469:
459:
458:
449:Mikhail Mindzaev
447:
446:
435:
434:
424:
418:Anatoly Khrulyov
416:
415:
404:
403:
392:
391:
380:
379:
368:
367:
356:
355:
344:
343:
330:
329:
316:
315:
294:
292:
291:
278:
276:
275:
265:
263:
262:
252:
250:
249:
152:1–16 August 2008
146:
145:
114:
103:
94:
83:
74:
41:
40:
21:
19347:
19346:
19342:
19341:
19340:
19338:
19337:
19336:
19332:2000s conflicts
19227:
19226:
19225:
19220:
19207:
19200:
19193:
19180:
19115:
19058:
19032:Public holidays
18910:
18874:Lari (currency)
18832:
18803:Law enforcement
18749:
18726:
18686:
18665:Protected areas
18650:Lesser Caucasus
18587:
18574:
18521:
18512:Rose Revolution
18507:War in Abkhazia
18492:April 9 tragedy
18460:
18436:Safavid Georgia
18295:
18286:Sasanian Iberia
18210:
18201:
18171:
18166:
18125:
18066:Southern Europe
18060:
17916:
17907:
17877:
17872:
17769:
17763:
17733:
17728:
17700:
17641:
17635:
17626:War of Dagestan
17400:
17373:August Uprising
17242:
17236:
17225:Boxer Rebellion
17193:Amur Annexation
16994:
16988:
16892:
16886:
16867:War of Dagestan
16847:August Uprising
16801:
16723:
16673:
16654:
16538:
16515:(2nd ed. 2011).
16498:
16477:
16456:
16438:
16436:Further reading
16433:
16424:
16422:
16418:
16407:
16396:
16385:
16374:
16363:
16352:
16331:
16301:
16300:
16282:
16280:
16276:
16269:
16255:
16244:
16223:
16201:
16185:
16175:
16173:
16163:
15998:
15988:
15986:
15975:
15969:
15965:
15957:
15938:
15930:
15889:
15879:
15877:
15868:
15867:
15863:
15846:
15845:
15828:
15821:
15807:
15803:
15795:
15774:
15764:
15762:
15757:(in Georgian).
15747:
15743:
15735:
15718:
15710:
15697:
15689:
15685:
15677:
15668:
15660:
15656:
15648:
15641:
15631:
15629:
15618:
15614:
15613:
15609:
15601:
15594:
15586:
15567:
15548:
15544:
15527:
15526:
15522:
15512:
15510:
15495:
15488:
15453:
15449:
15441:
15437:
15429:
15422:
15414:
15410:
15402:
15398:
15379:
15375:
15367:
15363:
15353:
15351:
15342:
15341:
15334:
15324:
15322:
15307:
15303:
15295:
15285:Military Review
15280:
15274:
15267:
15259:
15255:
15247:
15243:
15233:
15231:
15216:
15203:
15190:(#1(15)/2009).
15178:
15171:
15161:
15159:
15155:
15140:
15134:
15115:
15100:
15069:
15064:on 21 May 2011.
15050:
15046:
15031:
15027:
15026:
15017:
15007:
15005:
14994:
14990:
14989:
14982:
14976:Volume III 2009
14974:
14967:
14957:
14955:
14946:
14945:
14941:
14922:
14915:
14907:
14896:
14890:
14883:
14875:
14871:
14864:Air Force Times
14856:
14852:
14835:
14834:
14827:
14817:
14815:
14804:
14800:
14785:
14781:
14780:
14776:
14763:
14762:
14758:
14748:
14746:
14731:
14727:
14717:
14715:
14704:
14700:
14679:
14675:
14664:
14660:
14652:
14648:
14640:
14636:
14628:
14624:
14616:
14612:
14604:
14600:
14592:
14588:
14580:
14576:
14566:
14564:
14559:
14558:
14554:
14544:
14542:
14533:
14532:
14528:
14509:
14508:
14504:
14496:
14492:
14479:
14478:
14471:
14456:
14452:
14443:
14439:
14426:
14425:
14421:
14408:
14407:
14403:
14393:
14391:
14376:
14375:
14371:
14352:
14345:
14332:
14331:
14327:
14317:
14315:
14302:
14301:
14297:
14286:
14282:
14272:
14270:
14255:
14251:
14241:
14239:
14231:Financial Times
14224:
14223:
14219:
14206:
14205:
14201:
14184:
14183:
14179:
14169:
14167:
14154:
14153:
14149:
14139:
14137:
14122:
14118:
14111:
14107:
14106:
14102:
14092:
14090:
14085:
14084:
14080:
14070:
14068:
14059:
14058:
14054:
14044:
14042:
14029:
14028:
14024:
14014:
14012:
13999:
13998:
13994:
13986:
13979:
13975:
13974:
13970:
13957:
13956:
13952:
13942:
13940:
13927:
13926:
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13405:
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13391:
13389:
13388:on 29 June 2017
13378:
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13105:Russian Gazette
13098:
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12270:Wayback Machine
12254:
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10962:
10945:
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10928:
10926:
10919:The Independent
10911:
10907:
10902:on 24 May 2024.
10892:
10888:
10871:
10867:
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10845:
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10494:
10479:
10468:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10437:
10436:
10432:
10424:
10415:
10409:Volume III 2009
10407:
10403:
10397:Volume III 2009
10395:
10391:
10383:
10379:
10366:
10365:
10361:
10353:
10346:
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10326:
10322:
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10209:
10203:
10199:
10189:
10187:
10176:
10170:
10161:
10148:
10147:
10143:
10135:
10118:
10108:
10106:
10097:
10096:
10092:
10081:
10077:
10067:
10065:
10058:
10057:Война с Грузией
10054:
10053:
10049:
10043:Van Herpen 2014
10041:
10037:
10027:
10025:
10016:
10015:
10011:
10003:
9996:
9992:
9991:
9984:
9976:
9969:
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9964:
9955:
9947:
9943:
9933:
9931:
9914:
9901:
9894:
9890:
9889:
9885:
9877:
9873:
9865:
9861:
9851:
9849:
9838:
9832:
9828:
9823:on 30 May 2009.
9813:
9807:
9803:
9793:
9791:
9778:
9777:
9773:
9765:
9756:
9746:
9744:
9737:
9733:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9716:
9705:
9701:
9700:
9696:
9688:
9684:
9678:Van Herpen 2014
9676:
9672:
9664:
9655:
9647:
9643:
9635:
9631:
9608:
9604:
9592:Financial Times
9585:
9584:
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9546:
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9317:
9315:
9300:
9296:
9288:
9284:
9274:
9272:
9265:
9261:
9260:
9256:
9251:on 3 July 2009.
9241:
9237:
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9211:
9207:
9197:
9195:
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9184:
9183:
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9145:
9143:
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9129:
9125:
9115:
9113:
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9103:
9099:
9089:
9087:
9082:. 31 May 2008.
9074:
9073:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9048:
9047:
9043:
9033:
9031:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9007:
9005:
9000:. 18 May 2008.
8992:
8991:
8987:
8977:
8975:
8966:
8965:
8961:
8951:
8949:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8930:on 30 May 2013.
8927:
8920:
8914:
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8885:
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8724:
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8701:
8691:
8689:
8680:
8679:
8675:
8665:
8663:
8650:
8649:
8645:
8639:Van Herpen 2014
8637:
8633:
8614:
8610:
8600:
8598:
8589:
8588:
8584:
8574:
8572:
8557:
8553:
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8423:
8421:
8410:
8404:
8400:
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8382:
8378:
8368:
8366:
8357:
8356:
8352:
8342:
8340:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8316:
8314:
8303:
8299:
8289:
8287:
8280:Foreign Affairs
8276:"Tbilisi Blues"
8272:
8265:
8255:
8253:
8244:
8243:
8236:
8226:
8224:
8211:
8210:
8203:
8195:
8191:
8181:
8179:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8155:Van Herpen 2014
8153:
8146:
8140:Van Herpen 2014
8138:
8131:
8123:
8119:
8111:
8107:
8092:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8058:
8054:
8044:
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8000:
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7989:
7973:
7969:
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7957:
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7920:
7918:
7914:
7907:
7901:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7860:
7853:
7849:(7 June 2007).
7844:
7837:
7829:
7825:
7806:
7799:
7789:
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7783:
7768:
7762:
7758:
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7711:
7707:
7699:
7695:
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7683:
7673:
7671:
7664:
7648:
7641:
7633:
7629:
7621:
7617:
7609:
7605:
7597:
7593:
7581:
7577:
7565:
7561:
7549:
7545:
7537:
7504:
7498:
7487:
7479:
7475:
7465:
7463:
7446:
7439:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7395:
7388:
7377:
7370:
7360:
7358:
7347:
7338:
7330:
7326:
7318:
7314:
7309:on 23 May 2012.
7293:
7286:
7276:
7274:
7267:Chicago Tribune
7259:
7252:
7242:
7240:
7239:on 3 March 2016
7229:
7222:
7212:
7210:
7199:
7188:
7183:on 28 May 2014.
7175:
7174:
7170:
7162:
7155:
7149:
7140:
7130:
7128:
7107:
7098:
7088:
7086:
7075:
7068:
7058:
7056:
7045:
7041:
7031:
7029:
7018:
7011:
7001:
6999:
6984:
6977:
6962:
6955:
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6943:
6928:
6919:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6892:
6886:
6882:
6872:
6870:
6855:
6851:
6841:
6839:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6804:
6803:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6764:
6760:
6759:
6755:
6750:on 11 May 2009.
6742:
6741:
6737:
6732:on 16 May 2011.
6726:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6701:
6700:
6687:
6682:on 7 June 2012.
6674:
6673:
6664:
6649:
6640:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6612:
6603:
6595:
6586:
6578:
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6548:
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6519:
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6513:
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6502:
6501:
6488:
6478:
6476:
6459:
6455:
6447:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6411:
6407:
6390:
6389:Расстановка сил
6384:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6353:
6346:
6331:
6322:
6299:
6266:
6258:
6254:
6235:
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6210:
6195:
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6175:
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6167:
6148:
6141:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6109:
6108:
6091:
6087:
6064:
6060:
6038:
6034:
6029:
6006:Olympus Inferno
5953:
5557:BMP-1U 'Shkval'
5498:
5249:T-72B Obr. 1989
5218:
5213:
5170:
5130:were captured.
5040:
5035:
4999:Aleksandr Zelin
4958:
4911:
4906:
4725:Airborne Troops
4712:One company of
4698:One company of
4552:
4500:National Guard
4398:Deployed units
4368:
4363:
4345:
4321:
4288:
4282:
4259:Franco Frattini
4128:– US president
4051:
4045:
3998:
3993:
3838:
3832:
3824:Main articles:
3822:
3785:military base.
3719:
3690:
3665:
3621:Dmitry Medvedev
3610:
3604:
3548:
3535:
3525:
3468:Nicolas Sarkozy
3456:
3439:
3431:Main articles:
3429:
3382:
3355:
3349:
3313:Black Sea Fleet
3286:
3278:Main articles:
3276:
3224:Georgian police
3212:would not spare
3197:Gori University
3144:in a Gori house
3142:missile booster
3134:
3128:
3120:Nicolas Sarkozy
3023:
3017:
2965:
2949:
2866:
2853:
2846:
2762:Aleksandr Dugin
2746:railroad troops
2677:
2675:April–July 2008
2672:
2666:
2653:Dmitry Medvedev
2648:Yuri Baluyevsky
2581:
2579:Second Cold War
2575:
2501:Rose Revolution
2483:U.S. President
2477:
2394:
2173:
2168:
2158:
2152:
2144:arrest warrants
2093:Nicolas Sarkozy
2089:information war
2025:change of power
1943:
1942:
1937:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:Second Cold War
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1770:Information war
1716:
1711:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1639:
1634:
1593:Russo-Ukrainian
1547:
1462:
1431:guerrilla phase
1416:Chechen–Russian
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1285:
1280:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1153:
1136:
1135:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1073:
1044:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1011:
1009:
1005:
993:
976:
961:
948:
946:
933:
930:
901:
899:
885:
882:
865:
863:
860:
857:
841:
829:
826:special forces)
805:
803:
797:
785:
783:
771:
769:
758:
756:
745:
743:
740:
736:
732:Black Sea Fleet
712:
709:
679:
659:
657:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
567:Lado Gurgenidze
558:
543:
542:
536:
527:
525:Anatoly Zaitsev
517:
513:Mirab Kishmaria
505:
493:
483:
473:
472:
463:
453:
441:
429:
410:
398:
386:
374:
362:
358:Nikolay Makarov
350:
338:
324:
319:Dmitry Medvedev
310:
289:
287:
284:
273:
271:
260:
258:
247:
245:
212:
166:
153:
140:
139:
138:
137:
123:
117:
116:
115:
106:
105:
104:
96:
95:
86:
85:
84:
76:
75:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19345:
19335:
19334:
19329:
19327:Vladimir Putin
19324:
19319:
19314:
19309:
19304:
19299:
19294:
19289:
19284:
19279:
19274:
19272:2008 in Russia
19269:
19264:
19259:
19254:
19249:
19244:
19239:
19222:
19221:
19219:
19218:
19213:
19206:
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19189:
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19176:
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19144:
19139:
19134:
19129:
19123:
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19116:
19114:
19113:
19106:
19101:
19096:
19095:
19094:
19089:
19079:
19074:
19068:
19066:
19060:
19059:
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19056:
19049:
19044:
19039:
19034:
19029:
19024:
19019:
19014:
19009:
19008:
19007:
19000:
18993:
18986:
18976:
18971:
18966:
18965:
18964:
18954:
18949:
18944:
18939:
18934:
18928:
18922:
18916:
18915:
18912:
18911:
18909:
18908:
18901:
18896:
18891:
18886:
18884:Stock Exchange
18881:
18876:
18871:
18866:
18861:
18856:
18850:
18844:
18838:
18837:
18834:
18833:
18831:
18830:
18828:Prime Minister
18825:
18820:
18815:
18810:
18805:
18800:
18799:
18798:
18788:
18783:
18778:
18773:
18767:
18761:
18755:
18754:
18751:
18750:
18748:
18747:
18742:
18736:
18734:
18728:
18727:
18725:
18724:
18717:
18712:
18707:
18702:
18696:
18694:
18688:
18687:
18685:
18684:
18677:
18672:
18667:
18662:
18660:National parks
18657:
18652:
18647:
18642:
18637:
18632:
18627:
18622:
18617:
18612:
18607:
18601:
18595:
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18416:
18411:
18406:
18396:
18391:
18386:
18381:
18376:
18371:
18370:
18369:
18359:
18357:Byzantine wars
18354:
18349:
18344:
18339:
18334:
18329:
18324:
18319:
18314:
18309:
18303:
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18177:
18168:
18167:
18165:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18149:
18144:
18139:
18133:
18131:
18130:Related topics
18127:
18126:
18124:
18123:
18118:
18113:
18108:
18103:
18098:
18093:
18092:
18091:
18081:
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18070:
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18036:
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18011:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17991:
17986:
17981:
17976:
17971:
17966:
17965:
17964:
17954:
17949:
17948:
17947:
17942:
17937:
17926:
17924:
17922:Eastern Europe
17918:
17917:
17906:
17905:
17898:
17891:
17883:
17874:
17873:
17871:
17870:
17865:
17860:
17855:
17850:
17845:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17825:
17820:
17815:
17810:
17808:Sajid invasion
17805:
17800:
17795:
17790:
17785:
17780:
17774:
17771:
17770:
17762:
17761:
17754:
17747:
17739:
17730:
17729:
17727:
17726:
17721:
17716:
17711:
17709:Russian Winter
17705:
17702:
17701:
17699:
17698:
17693:
17688:
17683:
17678:
17677:
17676:
17671:
17666:
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17608:
17603:
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17593:
17588:
17583:
17578:
17573:
17568:
17563:
17558:
17553:
17548:
17543:
17538:
17536:Vlora incident
17533:
17528:
17523:
17518:
17513:
17508:
17503:
17498:
17493:
17488:
17487:
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17353:
17348:
17343:
17338:
17333:
17328:
17327:
17326:
17321:
17316:
17306:
17301:
17299:Sochi conflict
17296:
17291:
17286:
17285:
17284:
17269:
17268:
17267:
17257:
17252:
17246:
17244:
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16859:
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16772:
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16762:
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16706:
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16696:
16691:
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16653:
16652:
16645:
16638:
16630:
16624:
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16606:
16601:
16596:
16585:
16584:
16578:
16573:
16562:
16561:
16550:
16549:
16537:
16536:External links
16534:
16533:
16532:
16523:
16516:
16509:
16502:
16496:
16481:
16475:
16460:
16454:
16437:
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16350:
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16329:
16314:
16289:
16260:
16248:
16242:
16227:
16221:
16206:
16191:
16190:
16189:
16184:
16183:
15996:
15981:(in Russian).
15963:
15936:
15934:, p. 136.
15887:
15861:
15826:
15819:
15801:
15799:, p. 112.
15772:
15741:
15739:, p. 111.
15716:
15695:
15693:, p. 114.
15683:
15681:, p. 110.
15666:
15654:
15639:
15607:
15605:, p. 113.
15592:
15565:
15542:
15520:
15486:
15467:(2): 400–424.
15447:
15445:, p. 100.
15435:
15433:, p. 104.
15420:
15408:
15406:, p. 105.
15396:
15393:on 5 May 2009.
15387:Georgian Daily
15373:
15371:, p. 142.
15361:
15332:
15301:
15265:
15253:
15241:
15201:
15180:Aminov, Said.
15169:
15113:
15067:
15044:
15033:(in Russian).
15015:
14980:
14978:, p. 371.
14965:
14939:
14913:
14881:
14869:
14850:
14825:
14798:
14787:(in Russian).
14774:
14756:
14725:
14698:
14673:
14658:
14646:
14634:
14622:
14610:
14598:
14586:
14574:
14552:
14526:
14502:
14490:
14469:
14450:
14437:
14419:
14401:
14369:
14343:
14325:
14308:Rzeczpospolita
14295:
14280:
14249:
14217:
14199:
14177:
14147:
14116:
14100:
14078:
14052:
14022:
13992:
13968:
13950:
13915:
13903:
13872:
13839:
13836:on 5 May 2009.
13817:
13791:
13773:
13746:
13711:
13689:
13659:
13629:
13602:
13575:
13544:
13503:(1): 102–121.
13483:
13457:
13430:
13418:
13399:
13372:
13351:
13326:
13307:
13276:
13269:
13251:
13244:
13221:
13199:
13188:. October 2018
13170:
13148:
13119:
13091:
13069:
13062:
13042:
13020:
12987:
12960:
12930:
12903:
12877:
12851:
12825:
12795:
12764:
12734:
12708:
12682:
12664:
12638:
12612:
12593:(in Russian).
12580:
12550:
12524:
12493:
12470:
12437:
12406:
12375:
12357:
12326:
12323:on 5 May 2009.
12308:
12278:
12228:
12202:
12176:
12145:
12119:
12086:
12052:
12024:
12012:
11997:. Al Jazeera.
11982:
11951:
11918:
11888:
11858:
11840:
11814:
11783:
11757:
11727:
11692:
11657:
11626:
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11578:
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11518:
11500:
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11457:
11426:
11414:
11379:
11360:
11327:
11309:
11279:
11253:
11230:
11211:
11181:
11166:(in Russian).
11148:
11117:
11096:
11070:
11036:
11006:
10972:
10936:
10905:
10886:
10865:
10843:
10812:
10778:
10744:
10710:
10680:
10649:
10622:
10588:
10586:, p. 219.
10584:Volume II 2009
10573:
10561:
10537:
10504:
10492:
10466:
10448:
10430:
10428:, p. 210.
10426:Volume II 2009
10413:
10401:
10389:
10377:
10359:
10344:
10332:
10320:
10308:
10276:
10242:
10230:
10215:(in Russian).
10197:
10182:(in Russian).
10159:
10141:
10139:, p. 209.
10137:Volume II 2009
10116:
10090:
10075:
10047:
10045:, p. 222.
10035:
10009:
9982:
9953:
9941:
9899:
9883:
9871:
9859:
9844:(in Russian).
9826:
9801:
9771:
9754:
9726:
9694:
9682:
9680:, p. 214.
9670:
9668:, p. 208.
9666:Volume II 2009
9653:
9641:
9629:
9602:
9578:
9563:
9544:
9524:
9494:
9460:
9451:Georgian Daily
9437:
9419:
9389:
9359:
9325:
9294:
9292:, p. 204.
9290:Volume II 2009
9282:
9254:
9230:
9205:
9177:
9153:
9123:
9097:
9067:
9041:
9015:
8985:
8959:
8933:
8895:
8865:
8835:
8809:
8778:
8748:
8722:
8699:
8673:
8643:
8641:, p. 210.
8631:
8608:
8582:
8551:
8520:
8497:
8474:
8443:
8431:
8416:(in Russian).
8398:
8376:
8350:
8324:
8297:
8263:
8234:
8201:
8199:, p. 132.
8197:Volume II 2009
8189:
8159:
8144:
8129:
8127:, p. 334.
8117:
8105:
8083:
8052:
8021:
7994:
7987:
7967:
7955:
7928:
7903:Charles King.
7892:
7866:
7835:
7823:
7797:
7756:
7744:
7742:, p. 148.
7732:
7705:
7693:
7681:
7662:
7639:
7637:, p. 105.
7627:
7615:
7613:, p. 130.
7603:
7591:
7589:, 30 June 2022
7575:
7559:
7543:
7485:
7473:
7437:
7401:
7386:
7368:
7336:
7324:
7312:
7284:
7250:
7220:
7201:Peter Roudik.
7186:
7168:
7138:
7123:(2): 227–232.
7096:
7066:
7051:. EUobserver.
7039:
7009:
6975:
6953:
6917:
6880:
6849:
6819:
6794:
6773:
6753:
6735:
6712:
6685:
6662:
6638:
6618:
6601:
6599:, p. 137.
6584:
6582:, p. 224.
6580:Volume II 2009
6572:
6542:
6527:
6486:
6453:
6451:, p. 214.
6449:Volume II 2009
6436:
6405:
6375:
6344:
6320:
6264:
6252:
6220:
6186:
6165:
6139:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6085:
6058:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6017:
6010:
6002:
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5992:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5959:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5879:
5878:
5871:
5868:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5795:
5794:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5736:
5735:
5728:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5621:
5620:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5582:
5581:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5540:
5539:
5526:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5368:
5367:
5354:
5353:
5344:
5343:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5309:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5169:
5166:
5153:on 11 August.
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
4957:
4954:
4945:New York Times
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4872:
4871:
4870:) of Abkhazia
4861:
4857:
4856:
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4739:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4695:Chechen units
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4627:Reinforcement
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:South Ossetia
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4544:
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4435:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4425:
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4421:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4367:
4364:
4344:
4341:
4337:Vladimir Socor
4320:
4317:
4284:Main article:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4266:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4231:European Union
4223:European Union
4216:
4215:
4201:
4193:Ivars Godmanis
4181:Valdas Adamkus
4177:Lech Kaczyński
4154:
4141:candidate for
4130:George W. Bush
4123:
4119:David Miliband
4115:United Kingdom
4112:
4109:central Europe
4090:
4041:Main article:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3981:David Sanakoev
3821:
3818:
3718:
3715:
3689:
3686:
3664:
3661:
3625:Eduard Kokoity
3617:Sergey Bagapsh
3606:Main article:
3603:
3600:
3547:
3544:
3524:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3455:
3452:
3428:
3425:
3381:
3378:
3351:Main article:
3348:
3345:
3275:
3272:
3205:Red Cross flag
3193:Stan Storimans
3130:Main article:
3127:
3124:
3063:special troops
3019:Main article:
3016:
3013:
3008:Sergei Bagapsh
2942:
2891:Dmitry Medoyev
2865:
2862:
2845:
2842:
2702:Vitaly Churkin
2676:
2673:
2668:Main article:
2665:
2662:
2624:George W. Bush
2612:Vladimir Putin
2574:
2571:
2559:European Union
2547:Dmitry Rogozin
2485:George W. Bush
2476:
2473:
2452:After Georgia
2438:Eduard Kokoity
2429:Vladimir Putin
2414:Svante Cornell
2393:
2390:
2311:Soviet Georgia
2268:conflict began
2260:North Caucasus
2233:Russian Empire
2229:several states
2193:North Caucasus
2172:
2169:
2154:Main article:
2151:
2148:
2021:Vladimir Putin
1971:South Caucasus
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1840:Related topics
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Responsibility
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
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1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1550:Eastern Europe
1546:
1545:
1543:Karakalpakstan
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1458:Russo-Georgian
1455:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:2023 offensive
1367:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:Stan Storimans
1126:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
991:
983:
977:
975:
974:
971:
967:
962:
960:
959:
956:
943:
939:
934:
932:
931:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
909:
895:
892:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
881:
880:
873:
861:
859:
858:
856:
855:
854:2,000 soldiers
851:
842:
840:
839:
835:
830:
828:
827:
819:
813:
800:
798:
796:
795:
781:
767:
764:Terek Cossacks
754:
741:
739:
738:
735:
734:
729:
724:
718:
713:
711:
710:
708:
707:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
673:
667:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
643:
642:
630:
618:
606:
594:
582:
570:
556:
539:
537:
535:
534:
515:
503:
501:Sergei Bagapsh
491:
470:
451:
439:
437:Eduard Kokoity
427:
408:
396:
384:
372:
360:
348:
336:
333:Vladimir Putin
322:
307:
304:
303:
299:
298:
285:
283:
282:
269:
256:
242:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
229:
214:
208:
207:
206:
205:
199:
193:
187:
172:
168:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:
150:
142:
141:
119:
118:
109:
108:
107:
98:
97:
89:
88:
87:
78:
77:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19344:
19333:
19330:
19328:
19325:
19323:
19320:
19318:
19315:
19313:
19310:
19308:
19305:
19303:
19300:
19298:
19295:
19293:
19290:
19288:
19285:
19283:
19280:
19278:
19275:
19273:
19270:
19268:
19265:
19263:
19260:
19258:
19255:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19234:
19232:
19217:
19214:
19212:
19209:
19208:
19203:
19199:
19196:
19192:
19191:
19187:
19175:
19172:
19171:
19170:
19167:
19163:
19160:
19159:
19158:
19155:
19153:
19150:
19148:
19145:
19143:
19140:
19138:
19135:
19133:
19132:Bolnisi cross
19130:
19128:
19125:
19124:
19122:
19118:
19112:
19111:
19107:
19105:
19102:
19100:
19097:
19093:
19090:
19088:
19085:
19084:
19083:
19080:
19078:
19075:
19073:
19070:
19069:
19067:
19065:
19061:
19055:
19054:
19050:
19048:
19045:
19043:
19040:
19038:
19035:
19033:
19030:
19028:
19025:
19023:
19020:
19018:
19015:
19013:
19010:
19005:
19001:
18998:
18994:
18991:
18987:
18984:
18980:
18979:
18977:
18975:
18972:
18970:
18967:
18963:
18960:
18959:
18958:
18955:
18953:
18950:
18948:
18945:
18943:
18940:
18938:
18935:
18933:
18930:
18929:
18926:
18923:
18921:
18917:
18907:
18906:
18902:
18900:
18897:
18895:
18892:
18890:
18887:
18885:
18882:
18880:
18877:
18875:
18872:
18870:
18867:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18851:
18848:
18845:
18843:
18839:
18829:
18826:
18824:
18821:
18819:
18816:
18814:
18811:
18809:
18806:
18804:
18801:
18797:
18794:
18793:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18768:
18765:
18762:
18760:
18756:
18746:
18745:South Ossetia
18743:
18741:
18738:
18737:
18735:
18733:
18729:
18723:
18722:
18718:
18716:
18713:
18711:
18708:
18706:
18703:
18701:
18698:
18697:
18695:
18693:
18689:
18683:
18682:
18678:
18676:
18673:
18671:
18668:
18666:
18663:
18661:
18658:
18656:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18646:
18643:
18641:
18638:
18636:
18633:
18631:
18628:
18626:
18623:
18621:
18618:
18616:
18613:
18611:
18608:
18606:
18603:
18602:
18599:
18596:
18594:
18590:
18585:
18571:
18570:
18566:
18564:
18561:
18559:
18556:
18554:
18551:
18549:
18546:
18544:
18541:
18539:
18536:
18534:
18531:
18530:
18528:
18524:
18518:
18515:
18513:
18510:
18508:
18505:
18503:
18500:
18498:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18488:
18485:
18483:
18480:
18478:
18475:
18473:
18470:
18469:
18467:
18463:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18437:
18434:
18432:
18429:
18427:
18424:
18420:
18417:
18415:
18412:
18410:
18407:
18405:
18402:
18401:
18400:
18397:
18395:
18392:
18390:
18387:
18385:
18382:
18380:
18377:
18375:
18372:
18368:
18365:
18364:
18363:
18360:
18358:
18355:
18353:
18350:
18348:
18345:
18343:
18340:
18338:
18335:
18333:
18330:
18328:
18325:
18323:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18305:
18304:
18302:
18298:
18292:
18289:
18287:
18284:
18282:
18279:
18277:
18274:
18272:
18269:
18267:
18264:
18262:
18259:
18257:
18254:
18252:
18249:
18247:
18244:
18242:
18239:
18237:
18234:
18232:
18229:
18228:
18226:
18222:
18219:
18217:
18213:
18209:
18205:
18198:
18193:
18191:
18186:
18184:
18179:
18178:
18175:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18157:War on terror
18155:
18153:
18150:
18148:
18145:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18135:
18134:
18132:
18128:
18122:
18119:
18117:
18114:
18112:
18109:
18107:
18104:
18102:
18099:
18097:
18094:
18090:
18087:
18086:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18071:
18069:
18067:
18063:
18057:
18054:
18052:
18049:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18039:War in Donbas
18037:
18035:
18032:
18031:
18030:
18027:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17975:
17972:
17970:
17967:
17963:
17960:
17959:
17958:
17955:
17953:
17950:
17946:
17943:
17941:
17940:2016 conflict
17938:
17936:
17933:
17932:
17931:
17928:
17927:
17925:
17923:
17919:
17915:
17912:
17904:
17899:
17897:
17892:
17890:
17885:
17884:
17881:
17869:
17866:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17819:
17816:
17814:
17811:
17809:
17806:
17804:
17801:
17799:
17796:
17794:
17791:
17789:
17786:
17784:
17781:
17779:
17776:
17775:
17772:
17768:
17765:Invasions of
17760:
17755:
17753:
17748:
17746:
17741:
17740:
17737:
17725:
17722:
17720:
17717:
17715:
17712:
17710:
17707:
17706:
17703:
17697:
17694:
17692:
17689:
17687:
17684:
17682:
17679:
17675:
17674:2022 invasion
17672:
17670:
17669:War in Donbas
17667:
17665:
17662:
17660:
17657:
17656:
17655:
17652:
17650:
17647:
17646:
17644:
17638:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17617:
17614:
17612:
17609:
17607:
17604:
17602:
17599:
17597:
17594:
17592:
17589:
17587:
17584:
17582:
17579:
17577:
17574:
17572:
17569:
17567:
17564:
17562:
17559:
17557:
17554:
17552:
17549:
17547:
17544:
17542:
17539:
17537:
17534:
17532:
17529:
17527:
17524:
17522:
17519:
17517:
17514:
17512:
17509:
17507:
17506:Ili Rebellion
17504:
17502:
17499:
17497:
17494:
17492:
17489:
17485:
17482:
17480:
17477:
17473:
17470:
17469:
17468:
17465:
17463:
17460:
17458:
17455:
17453:
17450:
17446:
17443:
17442:
17441:
17438:
17436:
17433:
17431:
17428:
17427:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17404:
17399:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17389:
17386:
17384:
17381:
17379:
17376:
17374:
17371:
17369:
17366:
17362:
17359:
17357:
17354:
17352:
17349:
17347:
17344:
17342:
17339:
17337:
17334:
17332:
17329:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17311:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17283:
17280:
17279:
17278:
17275:
17274:
17273:
17270:
17266:
17263:
17262:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17247:
17245:
17239:
17231:
17228:
17227:
17226:
17223:
17221:
17218:
17214:
17211:
17209:
17206:
17205:
17204:
17201:
17199:
17196:
17194:
17191:
17187:
17184:
17183:
17182:
17179:
17177:
17174:
17172:
17169:
17167:
17164:
17162:
17159:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17146:
17145:
17144:Caucasian War
17142:
17140:
17137:
17135:
17132:
17130:
17127:
17125:
17122:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17112:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17035:
17032:
17029:
17026:
17024:
17021:
17018:
17015:
17013:
17010:
17008:
17005:
17003:
17000:
16999:
16997:
16991:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16977:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16936:
16933:
16931:
16928:
16926:
16923:
16921:
16918:
16916:
16913:
16911:
16908:
16906:
16903:
16901:
16898:
16897:
16895:
16889:
16883:
16880:
16878:
16875:
16873:
16870:
16868:
16865:
16863:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16814:
16812:
16808:
16798:
16795:
16791:
16788:
16787:
16786:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16776:
16773:
16771:
16768:
16766:
16763:
16761:
16758:
16756:
16753:
16751:
16748:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16738:
16736:
16733:
16732:
16730:
16726:
16720:
16717:
16715:
16712:
16710:
16707:
16705:
16702:
16700:
16697:
16695:
16692:
16690:
16687:
16686:
16683:
16680:
16676:
16671:
16667:
16663:
16659:
16651:
16646:
16644:
16639:
16637:
16632:
16631:
16628:
16622:
16619:
16618:
16617:
16616:
16615:Documentaries
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16591:
16590:
16589:
16583:
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16568:
16567:
16566:
16565:International
16560:
16557:
16556:
16555:
16554:
16548:
16545:
16544:
16543:
16542:
16530:
16527:
16524:
16521:
16517:
16514:
16510:
16507:
16503:
16499:
16493:
16489:
16488:
16482:
16478:
16472:
16468:
16467:
16461:
16457:
16451:
16447:
16446:
16440:
16439:
16417:
16413:
16406:
16402:
16395:
16391:
16384:
16380:
16373:
16369:
16362:
16357:
16353:
16347:
16343:
16342:
16336:
16332:
16326:
16322:
16321:
16315:
16311:
16305:
16297:
16296:
16290:
16275:
16268:
16267:
16261:
16254:
16249:
16245:
16239:
16236:. Routledge.
16235:
16234:
16228:
16224:
16218:
16214:
16213:
16207:
16200:
16199:
16193:
16192:
16187:
16186:
16172:
16168:
16161:
16159:
16157:
16155:
16153:
16151:
16149:
16147:
16145:
16143:
16141:
16139:
16137:
16135:
16133:
16131:
16129:
16127:
16125:
16123:
16121:
16119:
16117:
16115:
16113:
16111:
16109:
16107:
16105:
16103:
16101:
16099:
16097:
16095:
16093:
16091:
16089:
16087:
16085:
16083:
16081:
16079:
16077:
16075:
16073:
16071:
16069:
16067:
16065:
16063:
16061:
16059:
16057:
16055:
16053:
16051:
16049:
16047:
16045:
16043:
16041:
16039:
16037:
16035:
16033:
16031:
16029:
16027:
16025:
16023:
16021:
16019:
16017:
16015:
16013:
16011:
16009:
16007:
16005:
16003:
16001:
15984:
15980:
15976:
15967:
15960:
15955:
15953:
15951:
15949:
15947:
15945:
15943:
15941:
15933:
15928:
15926:
15924:
15922:
15920:
15918:
15916:
15914:
15912:
15910:
15908:
15906:
15904:
15902:
15900:
15898:
15896:
15894:
15892:
15875:
15871:
15865:
15857:
15853:
15849:
15843:
15841:
15839:
15837:
15835:
15833:
15831:
15822:
15816:
15812:
15805:
15798:
15793:
15791:
15789:
15787:
15785:
15783:
15781:
15779:
15777:
15760:
15756:
15752:
15745:
15738:
15733:
15731:
15729:
15727:
15725:
15723:
15721:
15713:
15708:
15706:
15704:
15702:
15700:
15692:
15687:
15680:
15675:
15673:
15671:
15664:, p. 47.
15663:
15658:
15652:, p. 19.
15651:
15646:
15644:
15627:
15623:
15619:
15611:
15604:
15599:
15597:
15590:, p. 75.
15589:
15584:
15582:
15580:
15578:
15576:
15574:
15572:
15570:
15561:
15557:
15553:
15546:
15538:
15534:
15530:
15524:
15508:
15504:
15500:
15493:
15491:
15482:
15478:
15474:
15470:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15451:
15444:
15439:
15432:
15427:
15425:
15418:, p. 57.
15417:
15412:
15405:
15400:
15392:
15388:
15384:
15377:
15370:
15365:
15349:
15345:
15339:
15337:
15320:
15316:
15312:
15305:
15294:
15290:
15286:
15279:
15272:
15270:
15263:, p. 45.
15262:
15257:
15251:, p. 63.
15250:
15245:
15229:
15225:
15221:
15214:
15212:
15210:
15208:
15206:
15197:
15193:
15189:
15188:
15183:
15176:
15174:
15154:
15150:
15146:
15139:
15132:
15130:
15128:
15126:
15124:
15122:
15120:
15118:
15109:
15105:
15098:
15096:
15094:
15092:
15090:
15088:
15086:
15084:
15082:
15080:
15078:
15076:
15074:
15072:
15063:
15059:
15058:Aviation Week
15055:
15048:
15040:
15036:
15032:
15024:
15022:
15020:
15003:
14999:
14995:
14987:
14985:
14977:
14972:
14970:
14953:
14949:
14943:
14935:
14931:
14927:
14920:
14918:
14906:
14902:
14895:
14888:
14886:
14879:, p. 57.
14878:
14873:
14865:
14861:
14854:
14846:
14842:
14838:
14832:
14830:
14813:
14810:. Ocnus.Net.
14809:
14802:
14794:
14790:
14786:
14778:
14770:
14766:
14760:
14744:
14740:
14736:
14729:
14713:
14709:
14702:
14694:
14690:
14689:
14684:
14677:
14669:
14662:
14655:
14650:
14643:
14642:Volume I 2009
14638:
14631:
14630:Volume I 2009
14626:
14620:, p. 20.
14619:
14618:Volume I 2009
14614:
14608:, p. 32.
14607:
14606:Volume I 2009
14602:
14596:, p. 11.
14595:
14594:Volume I 2009
14590:
14584:, p. 31.
14583:
14582:Volume I 2009
14578:
14562:
14556:
14540:
14536:
14530:
14522:
14518:
14517:The Telegraph
14513:
14506:
14500:, p. 19.
14499:
14498:Volume I 2009
14494:
14486:
14482:
14476:
14474:
14465:
14461:
14454:
14447:
14441:
14433:
14429:
14423:
14415:
14411:
14405:
14389:
14385:
14384:
14379:
14373:
14365:
14361:
14357:
14350:
14348:
14339:
14335:
14329:
14313:
14309:
14305:
14299:
14291:
14284:
14268:
14264:
14260:
14253:
14237:
14233:
14232:
14227:
14221:
14213:
14209:
14203:
14195:
14191:
14187:
14181:
14165:
14161:
14157:
14151:
14135:
14131:
14127:
14120:
14112:
14104:
14088:
14082:
14066:
14062:
14056:
14040:
14036:
14032:
14026:
14010:
14006:
14002:
13996:
13985:
13978:
13972:
13964:
13960:
13954:
13938:
13934:
13930:
13924:
13922:
13920:
13913:, p. 27.
13912:
13911:Volume I 2009
13907:
13891:
13887:
13886:The Telegraph
13883:
13876:
13860:
13856:
13852:
13843:
13835:
13831:
13827:
13821:
13805:
13801:
13795:
13787:
13783:
13777:
13761:
13757:
13750:
13734:
13730:
13726:
13720:
13718:
13716:
13707:
13703:
13699:
13693:
13677:
13673:
13669:
13663:
13647:
13643:
13639:
13633:
13625:
13621:
13617:
13613:
13606:
13590:
13586:
13579:
13563:
13559:
13555:
13548:
13532:
13528:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13510:
13506:
13502:
13498:
13494:
13487:
13471:
13467:
13461:
13445:
13441:
13434:
13427:
13422:
13414:
13410:
13403:
13387:
13383:
13376:
13361:
13355:
13340:
13336:
13330:
13322:
13318:
13311:
13295:
13291:
13287:
13280:
13272:
13266:
13262:
13255:
13247:
13241:
13234:
13233:
13225:
13209:
13203:
13187:
13180:
13174:
13158:
13152:
13136:
13129:
13123:
13107:
13106:
13101:
13095:
13079:
13073:
13065:
13059:
13055:
13054:
13046:
13030:
13024:
13005:
12998:
12991:
12975:
12971:
12964:
12948:
12944:
12940:
12934:
12918:
12914:
12907:
12891:
12887:
12881:
12865:
12861:
12855:
12839:
12835:
12829:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12799:
12783:
12779:
12775:
12768:
12752:
12748:
12744:
12738:
12722:
12718:
12712:
12696:
12692:
12686:
12678:
12674:
12668:
12652:
12648:
12642:
12626:
12622:
12616:
12600:
12596:
12592:
12584:
12568:
12564:
12560:
12554:
12538:
12534:
12528:
12512:
12508:
12504:
12497:
12489:
12485:
12481:
12474:
12458:
12454:
12453:
12448:
12441:
12425:
12421:
12417:
12410:
12394:
12390:
12386:
12379:
12371:
12367:
12361:
12345:
12341:
12337:
12330:
12322:
12318:
12312:
12296:
12292:
12288:
12282:
12275:
12271:
12267:
12264:
12250:
12246:
12242:
12235:
12233:
12216:
12212:
12206:
12190:
12186:
12180:
12164:
12160:
12156:
12149:
12133:
12129:
12123:
12107:
12103:
12102:
12097:
12090:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12059:
12057:
12040:
12036:
12028:
12022:, p. 21.
12021:
12016:
12000:
11996:
11989:
11987:
11970:
11966:
11962:
11955:
11939:
11935:
11934:
11929:
11922:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11892:
11876:
11872:
11868:
11862:
11854:
11850:
11844:
11828:
11824:
11818:
11802:
11798:
11797:The Telegraph
11794:
11787:
11771:
11767:
11761:
11745:
11741:
11737:
11731:
11724:
11711:
11707:
11703:
11696:
11689:
11676:
11672:
11671:The Telegraph
11668:
11661:
11645:
11641:
11637:
11630:
11614:
11610:
11606:
11600:
11592:
11588:
11582:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11560:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11529:
11527:
11525:
11523:
11514:
11510:
11504:
11496:
11492:
11488:
11482:
11474:
11470:
11464:
11462:
11445:
11441:
11437:
11430:
11423:
11418:
11402:
11398:
11394:
11388:
11386:
11384:
11375:
11371:
11364:
11345:
11338:
11331:
11323:
11319:
11313:
11297:
11293:
11289:
11283:
11267:
11263:
11257:
11249:
11245:
11241:
11234:
11226:
11222:
11215:
11199:
11195:
11191:
11185:
11169:
11165:
11161:
11152:
11136:
11132:
11128:
11121:
11113:
11109:
11100:
11084:
11080:
11074:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11043:
11041:
11024:
11020:
11016:
11010:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10979:
10977:
10960:
10956:
10955:
10950:
10943:
10941:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10909:
10901:
10897:
10890:
10882:
10881:
10876:
10869:
10861:
10857:
10850:
10848:
10839:
10835:
10834:
10829:
10823:
10821:
10819:
10817:
10800:
10796:
10795:The Telegraph
10792:
10785:
10783:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10749:
10732:
10728:
10724:
10717:
10715:
10698:
10694:
10690:
10684:
10668:
10664:
10663:The Telegraph
10660:
10653:
10638:on 6 May 2009
10637:
10633:
10626:
10610:
10606:
10602:
10595:
10593:
10585:
10580:
10578:
10571:, p. 21.
10570:
10569:Volume I 2009
10565:
10557:
10553:
10549:
10541:
10525:
10521:
10520:
10519:New York Post
10515:
10508:
10502:, p. 55.
10501:
10496:
10488:
10484:
10477:
10475:
10473:
10471:
10462:
10458:
10452:
10444:
10440:
10434:
10427:
10422:
10420:
10418:
10411:, p. 69.
10410:
10405:
10398:
10393:
10387:, p. 54.
10386:
10381:
10373:
10369:
10363:
10356:
10351:
10349:
10341:
10340:Laaneots 2016
10336:
10330:, p. 59.
10329:
10324:
10318:, p. 60.
10317:
10312:
10296:
10292:
10288:
10280:
10264:
10260:
10256:
10249:
10247:
10240:, p. 57.
10239:
10238:Laaneots 2016
10234:
10218:
10214:
10213:Novaya Gazeta
10210:
10201:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10168:
10166:
10164:
10155:
10151:
10145:
10138:
10133:
10131:
10129:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10121:
10104:
10100:
10094:
10087:. EurasiaNet.
10086:
10079:
10063:
10059:
10051:
10044:
10039:
10023:
10019:
10013:
10002:
9995:
9989:
9987:
9975:
9968:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9951:, p. 46.
9950:
9945:
9929:
9925:
9924:
9919:
9912:
9910:
9908:
9906:
9904:
9895:
9887:
9881:, p. 58.
9880:
9875:
9869:, p. 37.
9868:
9867:Laaneots 2016
9863:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9830:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9805:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9775:
9769:, p. 95.
9768:
9763:
9761:
9759:
9742:
9738:
9730:
9714:
9710:
9706:
9698:
9692:, p. 93.
9691:
9686:
9679:
9674:
9667:
9662:
9660:
9658:
9651:, p. 35.
9650:
9649:Laaneots 2016
9645:
9639:, p. 53.
9638:
9633:
9626:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9606:
9598:
9594:
9593:
9588:
9582:
9576:, p. 44.
9575:
9570:
9568:
9551:
9547:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9528:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9498:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9467:
9465:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9441:
9433:
9429:
9423:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9393:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9363:
9347:
9343:
9342:The Messenger
9339:
9332:
9330:
9313:
9309:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9286:
9270:
9266:
9258:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9234:
9226:
9222:
9221:Novaya Gazeta
9218:
9209:
9193:
9189:
9181:
9170:
9163:
9157:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9127:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9071:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9029:
9025:
9019:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8989:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8947:
8943:
8937:
8926:
8919:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8900:
8883:
8879:
8875:
8869:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8823:
8819:
8813:
8797:
8793:
8789:
8782:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8752:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8703:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8640:
8635:
8627:
8623:
8619:
8612:
8596:
8592:
8586:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8555:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8524:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8501:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8478:
8462:
8458:
8454:
8447:
8441:, p. 15.
8440:
8435:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8402:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8380:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8338:
8334:
8328:
8312:
8308:
8301:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8270:
8268:
8251:
8247:
8241:
8239:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8208:
8206:
8198:
8193:
8177:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8156:
8151:
8149:
8141:
8136:
8134:
8126:
8121:
8114:
8109:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8088:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8056:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8025:
8009:
8005:
7998:
7990:
7984:
7980:
7979:
7971:
7964:
7959:
7943:
7939:
7932:
7913:
7906:
7899:
7897:
7880:
7876:
7870:
7859:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7832:
7827:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7804:
7802:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7754:, p. 77.
7753:
7748:
7741:
7736:
7720:
7716:
7709:
7703:, p. 82.
7702:
7697:
7691:, p. 74.
7690:
7685:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7646:
7644:
7636:
7631:
7624:
7619:
7612:
7607:
7600:
7595:
7588:
7584:
7579:
7572:
7568:
7563:
7556:
7552:
7547:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7503:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7482:
7481:Volume I 2009
7477:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7444:
7442:
7422:
7418:
7411:
7405:
7398:
7397:Laaneots 2016
7393:
7391:
7382:
7375:
7373:
7356:
7352:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7333:
7328:
7321:
7316:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7298:
7291:
7289:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7257:
7255:
7238:
7234:
7227:
7225:
7208:
7204:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7084:
7080:
7073:
7071:
7054:
7050:
7043:
7027:
7023:
7016:
7014:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6982:
6980:
6971:
6967:
6960:
6958:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6902:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6853:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6823:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6757:
6749:
6745:
6739:
6731:
6727:
6719:
6717:
6708:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6658:
6654:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6634:
6630:
6622:
6615:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6581:
6576:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6539:
6534:
6532:
6512:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6401:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6382:
6380:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6351:
6349:
6340:
6336:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6262:, p. 11.
6261:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6191:
6182:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6144:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6116:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6040:South Ossetia
6036:
6032:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:August Eighth
5980:
5977:
5976:
5975:5 Days of War
5972:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5174:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5048:DANA howitzer
5044:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5014:Ruslan Pukhov
5010:
5006:
5002:
5000:
4995:
4993:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4915:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:Georgian Army
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4479:Naval Forces
4478:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4280:The EU report
4274:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4241:Angela Merkel
4238:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4126:United States
4124:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3935:EU Commission
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:cluster bombs
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3854:North Ossetia
3851:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3815:
3814:Boris Johnson
3812:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:assertiveness
3758:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3700:Johan Verbeke
3696:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3626:
3623:(middle) and
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:Sergey Lavrov
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3234:General Staff
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3199:on fire. The
3198:
3194:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2857:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:Caucasus 2008
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:Kavkaz Center
2763:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2658:regime change
2654:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:Kodori Valley
2524:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2444:, became the
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2292:Soviet Russia
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:Transcaucasia
2261:
2257:
2256:North Ossetia
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2202:
2198:
2197:Mountain ASSR
2194:
2190:
2189:North Ossetia
2186:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:cyber warfare
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:South Ossetia
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:2022 invasion
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:IS insurgency
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:North Ossetia
1409:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:South Ossetia
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:Border crisis
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Kodori Valley
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Liakhvi Gorge
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:South Ossetia
1199:
1194:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:South Ossetia
1115:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
985:
984:
981:
978:
972:
969:
968:
966:
963:
957:
955:
954:South Ossetia
944:
942:Killed: 10–15
941:
940:
938:
935:
926:
923:
920:
918:Killed: 65–67
917:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
875:
874:
872:
862:
853:
852:
850:
848:
843:
837:
836:
834:
831:
825:
821:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
802:
801:
799:
793:
782:
779:
778:South Ossetia
768:
765:
755:
752:
742:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
714:
706:
703:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
656:
655:
653:
652:
647:
641:
636:
631:
629:
624:
619:
617:
612:
607:
605:
600:
595:
593:
588:
583:
581:
576:
571:
569:
568:
562:
557:
554:
553:
547:
541:
540:
538:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:
509:
504:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
471:
467:
462:
457:
452:
450:
445:
440:
438:
433:
428:
425:
419:
414:
409:
407:
402:
397:
395:
390:
385:
383:
378:
373:
371:
366:
361:
359:
354:
349:
347:
342:
337:
335:
334:
328:
323:
321:
320:
314:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
297:
286:
281:
270:
268:
267:South Ossetia
257:
255:
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
227:
223:
219:
218:Kodori Valley
215:
210:
209:
204:
201:Severance of
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
170:
169:
165:
161:
158:
157:
151:
148:
147:
143:
135:
134:South Ossetia
131:
127:
122:
113:
102:
93:
82:
73:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
19157:Saint George
19142:Coat of arms
19108:
19064:Demographics
19051:
18937:Architecture
18903:
18859:Central bank
18791:Human rights
18771:Constitution
18719:
18692:Subdivisions
18679:
18567:
18516:
18477:Armenian War
18162:War on drugs
18013:
17867:
17648:
17425:World War II
16949:Smolensk War
16915:Livonian War
16614:
16613:
16587:
16586:
16564:
16563:
16552:
16551:
16540:
16539:
16528:
16519:
16512:
16505:
16486:
16465:
16444:
16423:. Retrieved
16416:the original
16340:
16319:
16294:
16281:. Retrieved
16265:
16232:
16211:
16197:
16174:. Retrieved
16170:
15987:. Retrieved
15978:
15966:
15878:. Retrieved
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12068:
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12027:
12020:Donovan 2009
12015:
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11112:the original
11107:Покидая Гори
11099:
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9812:Шашки наголо
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8171:
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8125:Cornell 2001
8120:
8113:Cornell 2001
8108:
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8074:. Retrieved
8065:
8055:
8043:. Retrieved
8035:The Guardian
8034:
8024:
8014:12 September
8012:. Retrieved
8006:. Civil.Ge.
7997:
7981:. ABC-CLIO.
7977:
7970:
7963:Cornell 2001
7958:
7946:. Retrieved
7931:
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7869:
7858:the original
7831:Cornell 2001
7826:
7818:the original
7813:
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7776:
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7752:Saparov 2014
7747:
7740:Saparov 2014
7735:
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7708:
7701:Saparov 2014
7696:
7689:Saparov 2014
7684:
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7652:
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7611:Cornell 2001
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7599:Cornell 2001
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7302:Moscow Times
7300:
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6991:
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6362:The Guardian
6360:
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6315:the original
6310:
6306:
6260:Donovan 2009
6255:
6242:
6211:. Retrieved
6203:The Guardian
6202:
6181:the original
6160:the original
6134:the original
6129:
6119:
6101:
6097:
6094:Five-Day War
6093:
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5599:Otokar Cobra
5584:
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5528:
5527:
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5364:2S1 Gvozdika
5356:
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5103:Otokar Cobra
5076:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5019:
5007:
5003:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4960:The Russian
4959:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4923:SA-11 Buk-1M
4920:
4896:4th Air Army
4864:Armed Forces
4829:Novorossiysk
4553:
4403:Affiliation
4386:
4371:
4369:
4322:
4300:
4289:
4268:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4222:
4217:
4208:Viktor Orbán
4203:
4156:
4150:Barack Obama
4125:
4114:
4105:Adolf Hitler
4092:
4061:
4052:
4030:
4025:P-24 Sokhumi
4024:
3972:
3964:
3961:
3946:
3939:
3910:
3890:
3878:
3870:
3804:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3759:
3742:Robert Kagan
3735:
3726:BTC pipeline
3704:
3691:
3674:
3666:
3654:
3638:
3630:
3587:
3585:
3578:
3562:
3549:
3517:The Guardian
3516:
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3416:
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3383:
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3356:
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3308:
3298:
3274:Abkhaz front
3265:
3258:
3254:The Guardian
3252:
3238:
3209:
3190:
3178:
3171:
3116:
3108:
3096:Ralph Peters
3091:
3076:
3071:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3003:
2993:
2980:
2966:
2958:, leaked by
2952:confidential
2948:
2944:
2931:
2923:
2911:
2908:Don Cossacks
2879:
2875:
2867:
2864:Early August
2802:
2782:
2755:
2743:
2730:
2726:
2706:
2686:
2617:
2596:Persian Gulf
2589:
2582:
2555:
2540:
2516:
2509:
2494:
2468:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2427:
2418:Central Asia
2395:
2386:Kodori Gorge
2367:
2359:peacekeepers
2331:
2296:
2272:Shida Kartli
2245:
2214:
2181:J. H. Colton
2105:
2055:through the
2041:
2017:the election
2015:. Following
2000:
1981:Soviet Union
1975:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1792: /
1775:Cyberattacks
1721:
1701:
1611:Kerch Strait
1556:Transnistria
1465:Central Asia
1457:
1363:2022 clashes
1274:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1223:
1222:
1202:
1190:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1085:Wounded: 227
1076:
1064:Wounded: 947
1055:
1041:
1032:
1008:
996:
979:
964:
945:
936:
921:Wounded: 283
912:
898:
844:
832:
816:
751:Don Cossacks
716:In Abkhazia:
715:
699:Spetsnaz GRU
670:
565:
550:
461:Vasily Lunev
331:
317:
237:Belligerents
184:Kodori Gorge
174:
120:
49:Part of the
36:
19099:Health care
18854:Agriculture
18625:Earthquakes
18362:Seljuk wars
17531:Vietnam War
17401: [
17260:World War I
17181:Crimean War
17114:Finnish War
17030:(1740–1748)
17019:(1733–1738)
16944:Ingrian War
16660:(including
15989:11 February
15852:Geo-Army.ge
14789:Pervy Kanal
14654:Dunlop 2012
14242:22 December
14160:Aftonbladet
14093:18 December
13518:10419/44636
13365:28 December
13344:28 December
13214:28 December
13192:28 December
13163:28 December
13141:28 December
13112:28 December
13084:28 December
13035:29 December
13013:29 December
12980:30 December
12590:Вывод войск
11029:22 December
10703:11 November
10642:25 November
9852:9 September
9767:Dunlop 2012
9690:Dunlop 2012
9507:RIA Novosti
9060:10 December
8741:10 December
7361:25 December
7332:Dunlop 2012
6946:27 February
5944:M99A1 HMMWV
5865:Coast Guard
5746:9K33 Osa-AK
5690:2A65 Msta-B
4979:RIA Novosti
4884:Allegiance
4816:Allegiance
4576:Allegiance
4573:Deployment
4486:Air Forces
4327:, bringing
4296:Switzerland
4146:Sarah Palin
4027:passes the
3886:kidnappings
3783:Vladikavkaz
3732:(tangerine)
3203:carrying a
3051:smoke bombs
3000:Roki Tunnel
2969:Tamarasheni
2889:to Moscow,
2844:Hostilities
2707:A Georgian
2618:During the
2565:(OSCE) and
2402:buffer zone
2398:Middle East
2057:Roki Tunnel
1991:. However,
1987:during the
1737:Main topics
1568:1993 Moscow
1061:Killed: 169
973:Wounded: 69
592:Zaza Gogava
528: [
484: [
464: [
211:Territorial
190:Recognition
186:in Abkhazia
19231:Categories
19169:Saint Nino
18997:Mingrelian
18978:Languages
18813:Parliament
18786:Government
18374:Golden Age
17945:Second War
17566:Ogaden War
17516:Korean War
17435:Winter War
17304:Heimosodat
16891:Tsardom of
16425:12 January
15959:Cohen 2011
15932:Tanks 2010
15797:Tanks 2010
15737:Tanks 2010
15712:Tanks 2010
15691:Tanks 2010
15679:Tanks 2010
15662:Tanks 2010
15650:Tanks 2010
15603:Tanks 2010
15588:Tanks 2010
15443:Tanks 2010
15431:Tanks 2010
15416:Tanks 2010
15404:Tanks 2010
15369:Tanks 2010
15261:Chifu 2009
15249:Chifu 2009
15145:Parameters
14958:2 February
14877:Chifu 2009
14273:5 February
13855:Kommersant
13766:15 January
13426:Cohen 2011
12631:10 October
12272:is by the
12263:six points
11422:Cohen 2011
10500:Tanks 2010
10385:Tanks 2010
10355:Tanks 2010
10328:Chifu 2009
10316:Chifu 2009
10180:Kommersant
9949:Tanks 2010
9879:Chifu 2009
9637:Chifu 2009
9574:Tanks 2010
9556:12 October
8511:Kommersant
8439:Cohen 2011
7725:3 December
7674:12 October
7635:Julie 2009
7623:Julie 2009
7320:Chifu 2009
7277:12 October
6910:3 December
6614:Tanks 2010
6597:Tanks 2010
6538:Tanks 2010
6368:6 November
6112:References
6098:August War
5522:T-72 SIM-1
4868:air forces
4866:(land and
4347:See also:
4343:Combatants
4139:Republican
4100:Carl Bildt
4075:Sevastopol
4047:See also:
3985:Tskhinvali
3955:, and the
3834:See also:
3527:See also:
3363:watercraft
3321:Sevastopol
3294:Sevastopol
3092:Kommersant
3072:Kommersant
3006:president
2982:Kommersant
2932:At 16:00,
2810:Azerbaijan
2577:See also:
2551:State Duma
2523:Strasbourg
2327:Bolsheviks
2288:Tskhinvali
2276:Bolshevism
2252:indigenous
2235:gradually
2160:See also:
2150:Background
2049:Tskhinvali
1999:under the
1985:referendum
1745:Background
1576:Euromaidan
1538:Kazakhstan
1476:Uzbekistan
1471:Tajikistan
1453:Ingushetia
1213:Tskhinvali
1082:Killed: 11
1025:Wounded: 2
1002:Killed: 10
970:Killed: 27
766:: Hundreds
753:: Hundreds
130:Tskhinvali
19082:Georgians
19072:Education
19022:Mythology
18899:Transport
18864:Companies
18823:President
18776:Elections
18675:Volcanoes
18615:Black Sea
18593:Geography
18502:Civil War
18317:Arab rule
18281:Roman era
17935:First War
17186:Åland War
17154:Murid War
16993:18th–19th
16304:cite book
16283:12 August
16176:4 October
15481:144985466
14318:4 January
14190:The Local
13624:0362-4331
12896:26 August
12870:26 August
12844:26 August
12818:26 August
12484:The Times
12301:12 August
12138:11 August
12112:31 August
11244:The Times
10068:1 October
9616:The Times
8713:Jamestown
8622:The Times
8488:The Times
7814:The Times
7531:0020-5850
7353:. Delfi.
6873:20 August
6243:Jamestown
6130:The Times
5910:Ural-4320
5903:KrAZ-6322
5681:17 122mm
5469:Ural-4320
5455:KrAZ-225B
5114:2S7 Pions
5065:About 20
5046:Georgian
4936:SPYDER-SR
4860:Abkhazia
4766:Units of
4749:Units of
4634:58th Army
4582:Subunits
4200:Georgia".
4161:Lithuania
4029:USS
3991:Reactions
3523:Aftermath
3260:The Times
3249:Akhalgori
3245:pillaging
3216:surrender
3088:58th Army
3077:By 15:00
3035:58th Army
3033:from the
2960:WikiLeaks
2636:Bucharest
2422:Black Sea
2248:Ossetians
2187:. Modern
2101:ceasefire
2081:Black Sea
2029:relations
1760:Aftermath
1596:(outline)
1235:Black Sea
1138:Refugees:
1022:Killed: 1
677:58th Army
154:(16 days)
19211:Category
19137:Borjgali
19092:Diaspora
19037:Religion
18983:Georgian
18974:Gambling
18932:Alphabet
18808:Military
18759:Politics
18740:Abkhazia
18635:Glaciers
18538:Monarchs
18526:By topic
18208:articles
17911:Cold War
17719:Cold War
17581:Gulf War
16937:and the
16810:Internal
16666:Imperial
16274:Archived
15983:Archived
15880:26 April
15874:Archived
15765:7 August
15759:Archived
15632:30 March
15626:Archived
15622:Lenta.ru
15513:26 April
15507:Archived
15354:26 April
15348:Archived
15325:26 April
15319:Archived
15234:26 April
15228:Archived
15162:26 April
15153:Archived
15008:26 April
15002:Archived
14998:Lenta.ru
14952:Archived
14934:Archived
14818:26 April
14812:Archived
14749:26 April
14743:Archived
14718:26 April
14712:Archived
14567:7 August
14545:7 August
14539:France24
14521:Archived
14432:Archived
14394:8 August
14388:Archived
14383:Le Monde
14338:Archived
14312:Archived
14267:Archived
14263:Politico
14236:Archived
14170:26 April
14164:Archived
14140:26 April
14134:Archived
14130:BBC News
14071:26 April
14065:Archived
14039:Archived
14035:BBC News
14015:26 April
14009:Archived
13963:Archived
13943:26 April
13937:Archived
13896:26 April
13890:Archived
13865:13 March
13830:Memorial
13810:26 April
13804:Archived
13760:Archived
13739:26 April
13733:Archived
13706:Archived
13682:26 April
13676:Archived
13652:11 April
13646:Archived
13642:BBC News
13595:26 April
13589:Archived
13568:26 April
13531:Archived
13527:11475975
13476:26 April
13470:Archived
13450:26 April
13444:Archived
13392:26 April
13300:26 April
13294:Archived
12974:Archived
12953:26 April
12947:Archived
12943:BBC News
12923:26 April
12917:Archived
12890:Archived
12864:Archived
12838:Archived
12812:Archived
12808:BBC News
12788:26 April
12782:Archived
12757:26 April
12751:Archived
12747:BBC News
12727:26 April
12721:Archived
12701:26 April
12695:Archived
12677:BBC News
12657:26 April
12651:Archived
12625:Archived
12605:26 April
12599:Archived
12595:Interfax
12567:Archived
12563:BBC News
12537:Archived
12517:26 April
12511:Archived
12463:26 April
12457:Archived
12430:26 April
12424:Archived
12399:26 April
12393:Archived
12350:26 April
12344:Archived
12295:Archived
12291:BBC News
12266:Archived
12255:26 April
12249:Archived
12221:26 April
12215:Archived
12195:26 April
12189:Archived
12169:26 April
12163:Archived
12132:Archived
12106:Archived
12079:26 April
12073:Archived
12039:Archived
12005:26 April
11999:Archived
11975:26 April
11969:Archived
11944:26 April
11938:Archived
11911:26 April
11905:Archived
11881:26 April
11875:Archived
11827:Archived
11807:26 April
11801:Archived
11770:Archived
11750:26 April
11744:Archived
11681:26 April
11675:Archived
11650:26 April
11644:Archived
11619:26 April
11613:Archived
11549:8 August
11543:Archived
11450:26 April
11444:Archived
11407:26 April
11401:Archived
11397:BBC News
11353:26 April
11344:Archived
11302:26 April
11296:Archived
11272:26 April
11266:Archived
11204:26 April
11198:Archived
11174:7 August
11168:Archived
11141:26 April
11135:Archived
11089:29 March
11063:26 April
11057:Archived
11023:Archived
11019:BBC News
10999:26 April
10993:Archived
10965:26 April
10959:Archived
10929:26 April
10923:Archived
10805:26 April
10799:Archived
10771:26 April
10765:Archived
10737:26 April
10731:Archived
10697:Archived
10693:BBC News
10673:26 April
10667:Archived
10615:26 April
10609:Archived
10556:Archived
10552:Lenta.ru
10530:26 April
10524:Archived
10301:26 April
10295:Archived
10269:26 April
10263:Archived
10223:26 April
10217:Archived
10184:Archived
10154:Archived
10109:26 April
10103:Archived
10022:Archived
9934:26 April
9928:Archived
9846:Archived
9794:26 April
9788:Archived
9784:BBC News
9747:7 August
9741:Archived
9719:26 April
9713:Archived
9709:Lenta.ru
9550:Archived
9517:26 April
9511:Archived
9487:26 April
9481:Archived
9412:26 April
9406:Archived
9382:26 April
9376:Archived
9372:BBC News
9346:Archived
9318:26 April
9312:Archived
9269:Archived
9198:26 April
9192:Archived
9146:26 April
9140:Archived
9116:26 April
9110:Archived
9090:26 April
9084:Archived
9080:BBC News
9054:Archived
9034:26 April
9028:Archived
9002:Archived
8998:BBC News
8978:26 April
8972:Archived
8952:26 April
8946:Archived
8888:26 April
8882:Archived
8878:BBC News
8858:26 April
8852:Archived
8848:BBC News
8828:26 April
8822:Archived
8802:26 April
8796:Archived
8765:Archived
8761:BBC News
8735:Archived
8717:Archived
8666:26 April
8660:Archived
8601:26 April
8595:Archived
8575:26 April
8569:Archived
8544:26 April
8538:Archived
8461:Archived
8457:BBC News
8424:26 April
8418:Archived
8363:Archived
8337:Archived
8317:26 April
8311:Archived
8290:26 April
8284:Archived
8250:Archived
8227:26 April
8221:Archived
8217:BBC News
8182:26 April
8176:Archived
8076:26 April
8070:Archived
8045:26 April
8039:Archived
8008:Archived
7948:26 April
7942:Archived
7912:Archived
7885:26 April
7879:Archived
7790:26 April
7781:Archived
7719:Archived
7668:Archived
7571:Euronews
7555:Euractiv
7466:26 April
7460:Archived
7430:7 August
7355:Archived
7271:Archived
7243:26 April
7213:26 April
7207:Archived
7125:Archived
7089:26 April
7083:Archived
7059:26 April
7053:Archived
7002:26 April
6996:Archived
6940:Archived
6901:Archived
6867:Archived
6863:BBC News
6842:26 April
6836:Archived
6565:26 April
6520:26 April
6511:Archived
6479:26 April
6473:Archived
6468:Die Welt
6429:26 April
6423:Archived
6395:Lenta.ru
6247:Archived
6213:26 April
6207:Archived
6048:Georgian
6014:Shindisi
5951:See also
5896:KrAZ-255
5732:AZP S-60
5711:2S7 Pion
5709:5 203mm
5702:4 152mm
5688:1 152mm
5674:2 100mm
5462:Ural-375
5427:Mi-8MTKO
5362:1 122mm
5194:Mi-8MTKO
5176:Russian
5158:materiel
5135:training
5055:Stratfor
4774:Spetsnaz
3973:de facto
3965:de facto
3942:genocide
3766:hegemony
3711:Brussels
3619:(left),
3588:de facto
3396:Marneuli
3029:Russian
3004:de facto
2895:rail war
2834:barracks
2469:de facto
2446:de facto
2307:Red Army
2061:genocide
2001:de facto
1993:fighting
1967:Abkhazia
1794:response
1785:Protests
1755:Timeline
1572:Ukraine
1448:Dagestan
1387:Abkhazia
1332:Caucasus
1224:Abkhazia
1091:POWs: 10
1070:POWs: 39
1017:Abkhazia
986:Killed:
958:POWs: 27
927:POWs: 12
792:Abkhazia
649:Strength
280:Abkhazia
182:and the
159:Location
19195:Outline
19120:Symbols
18957:Cuisine
18920:Culture
18894:Tourism
18842:Economy
18715:Regions
18710:Tbilisi
18655:Mammals
18620:Climate
18605:Borders
18558:Battles
18266:Colchis
18261:Diauehi
18216:History
18204:Georgia
17767:Georgia
17659:Outline
17642:century
17243:century
16995:century
16678:Related
16662:Tsarist
16594:BBC hub
16541:Georgia
16531:(2015).
16508:(2014).
15556:Reuters
15503:Reuters
14710:. CNN.
14045:15 June
13558:Reuters
13537:15 June
13321:Reuters
12573:4 April
12543:4 April
12452:Reuters
12340:Reuters
11901:Reuters
11871:Reuters
11740:Reuters
11723:forces.
11609:Reuters
11440:Reuters
11322:Reuters
11292:Reuters
9402:Reuters
9308:Reuters
9136:Reuters
8771:5 April
8692:28 June
8686:Youtube
8656:Reuters
8369:1 March
8343:1 March
8256:21 June
8172:Reuters
7921:1 March
7131:15 June
6555:Reuters
6076:de jure
6067:Georgia
6053:de jure
5889:MAZ-537
5805:Mi-14BT
5753:9A310M1
5730:1 57mm
5723:1 23mm
5667:4 85mm
5660:1 76mm
5486:UAZ-469
5479:UAZ-452
5448:ZiL-131
5406:Tu-22M3
5392:Su-25SM
5385:Su-25BM
5340:BREM-Ch
5178:Tu-22M3
5118:OSA-AKM
5038:Georgia
4992:Tu-22M3
4967:GLONASS
4909:Georgia
4892:Russia
4854:Marines
4824:Russia
4755:Ivanovo
4630:Russia
4605:Russia
4325:US Navy
4269:Belarus
4237:Germany
4229:of the
4204:Hungary
4169:Ukraine
4165:Estonia
4062:Ukraine
3882:burning
3799:". The
3503:months)
3401:Reuters
3337:Zugdidi
3100:private
2988:pretext
2814:Armenia
2664:Prelude
2643:of the
2632:Ukraine
2567:Germany
2517:At the
2465:Reuters
2334:Kremlin
2305:by the
2303:invaded
2284:Tbilisi
2171:History
2142:issued
2108:Zugdidi
2069:Russian
1977:Georgia
1957:by the
1955:Georgia
1750:Prelude
1621:prelude
1377:Georgia
1247:Tbilisi
1241:Georgia
1123:Georgia
1050:Georgia
420: (
296:Georgia
213:changes
164:Georgia
19216:Portal
19127:Anthem
19042:Sports
18952:Cinema
18947:Chokha
18879:Mining
18869:Energy
18670:Rivers
18543:States
18465:Modern
18300:Middle
18276:Lazica
18256:Mushki
18206:
16969:Deluge
16893:Russia
16672:times)
16670:Soviet
16658:Russia
16553:Russia
16494:
16473:
16452:
16348:
16327:
16240:
16219:
16165:Oryx.
15817:
15479:
13622:
13525:
13267:
13242:
13060:
12045:2 July
10291:NEWSru
10190:27 May
9542:
9275:26 May
8467:26 May
7985:
7660:
7529:
7415:. The
6046:. The
5819:Mi-24P
5812:Mi-24V
5760:9A39M1
5638:MTU-55
5617:Buk-M1
5613:9S470M
5578:BTR-80
5508:T-72AV
5441:GAZ-66
5420:Mi-8MT
5399:Su-24M
5326:BTR-80
5319:BTR-70
5270:BRDM-2
5263:BRDM-2
5139:Su-25s
5099:BMP-1s
5095:BMP-2s
4956:Russia
4887:Units
4819:Units
4727:(VDV)
4593:2,500
4579:Units
4406:Units
4359:, and
4173:Latvia
4157:Poland
4153:next."
4122:this."
4093:Sweden
4079:Crimea
4036:Batumi
4031:McFaul
3951:, the
3926:Avnevi
3918:Kekhvi
3865:Kekhvi
3850:Alagir
3695:UNOMIG
3670:CISPKF
3581:Perevi
3566:Senaki
3557:Igoeti
3341:Senaki
3309:Mirazh
3229:Igoeti
2796:, the
2561:, the
2512:Adjara
2406:Turkey
2374:Abkhaz
2223:, the
2185:Imeria
2112:Senaki
2095:, the
2073:Abkhaz
1606:Donbas
1402:Kodori
1259:Senaki
1102:Total:
1088:MIA: 3
1067:MIA: 1
1048:
1033:Total:
1015:
952:
924:MIA: 1
907:Russia
905:
789:
775:
293:
277:
264:
254:Russia
251:
171:Result
57:, and
19202:Index
19174:cross
19162:cross
19152:Motto
19104:Women
19027:Names
19017:Music
19012:Media
18969:Dance
18645:Lakes
18610:Birds
18224:Early
17909:Post–
17405:]
16588:Media
16419:(PDF)
16408:(PDF)
16397:(PDF)
16386:(PDF)
16375:(PDF)
16364:(PDF)
16277:(PDF)
16270:(PDF)
16256:(PDF)
16202:(PDF)
15477:S2CID
15296:(PDF)
15281:(PDF)
15156:(PDF)
15149:XXXIX
15141:(PDF)
14908:(PDF)
14897:(PDF)
13987:(PDF)
13980:(PDF)
13523:S2CID
13236:(pdf)
13182:(PDF)
13131:(PDF)
13007:(PDF)
13000:(PDF)
12274:Times
11716:3 May
11347:(PDF)
11340:(PDF)
10547:Герой
10004:(PDF)
9997:(PDF)
9977:(PDF)
9970:(PDF)
9172:(PDF)
9165:(PDF)
8928:(PDF)
8921:(PDF)
7915:(PDF)
7908:(PDF)
7861:(PDF)
7854:(PDF)
7784:(PDF)
7779:(2).
7769:(PDF)
7538:(PDF)
7505:(PDF)
7424:(PDF)
7413:(PDF)
7163:(PDF)
7156:(PDF)
6904:(PDF)
6893:(PDF)
6789:(PDF)
6514:(PDF)
6507:(PDF)
6027:Notes
5937:M35A3
5930:M35A2
5725:ZU-23
5676:MT-12
5662:ZiS-3
5645:BAT-2
5631:BTS-2
5592:HMMWV
5564:BMP-2
5550:BMP-1
5536:MT-LB
5515:T-72B
5378:Su-25
5305:BMD-2
5298:BMP-2
5291:BMP-1
5284:BMP-1
5242:T-72B
5228:T-55A
5185:Tu-22
5151:Mi-14
5147:Mi-24
5085:, 66
5081:, 16
4736:Pskov
4304:DELFI
4252:Italy
3922:Kurta
3570:Khobi
3413:radar
3305:boats
3031:BMP-2
2973:Kurta
2887:envoy
2689:order
1491:Tulip
1145:UNHCR
532:]
488:]
468:]
19147:Flag
19110:more
19087:List
19053:more
19004:Svan
18962:Wine
18905:more
18796:LGBT
18721:more
18681:more
18569:more
18553:Wars
17640:21st
17241:20th
16668:and
16492:ISBN
16471:ISBN
16450:ISBN
16427:2014
16346:ISBN
16325:ISBN
16310:link
16285:2014
16238:ISBN
16217:ISBN
16178:2022
16171:Oryx
15991:2009
15882:2019
15815:ISBN
15767:2017
15634:2014
15515:2019
15356:2019
15327:2019
15236:2019
15164:2019
15010:2019
14960:2009
14820:2019
14751:2019
14720:2019
14569:2021
14547:2021
14396:2008
14320:2012
14275:2010
14244:2016
14172:2019
14142:2019
14095:2022
14073:2019
14047:2014
14017:2019
13945:2019
13898:2019
13867:2009
13812:2019
13768:2009
13741:2019
13684:2019
13654:2009
13620:ISSN
13597:2019
13570:2019
13539:2014
13478:2019
13452:2019
13394:2019
13367:2021
13346:2021
13302:2019
13265:ISBN
13240:ISBN
13216:2021
13194:2021
13165:2021
13143:2021
13114:2021
13086:2021
13058:ISBN
13037:2021
13015:2021
12982:2017
12955:2019
12925:2019
12898:2008
12872:2008
12846:2008
12820:2008
12790:2019
12759:2019
12729:2019
12703:2019
12659:2019
12633:2008
12607:2019
12575:2014
12545:2014
12519:2019
12465:2019
12432:2019
12401:2019
12352:2019
12303:2008
12257:2019
12223:2019
12197:2019
12171:2019
12140:2008
12114:2008
12081:2019
12047:2009
12007:2019
11977:2019
11946:2019
11913:2019
11883:2019
11835:2010
11809:2019
11778:2010
11752:2019
11718:2019
11683:2019
11652:2019
11621:2019
11551:2017
11452:2019
11409:2019
11355:2019
11304:2019
11274:2019
11206:2019
11176:2018
11143:2019
11091:2014
11065:2019
11031:2016
11001:2019
10967:2019
10931:2019
10807:2019
10773:2019
10739:2019
10705:2008
10675:2019
10644:2008
10617:2019
10532:2019
10303:2019
10271:2019
10225:2019
10192:2016
10111:2019
10070:2020
10030:2008
9936:2019
9854:2008
9796:2019
9749:2018
9721:2019
9558:2015
9540:ISBN
9519:2019
9489:2019
9414:2019
9384:2019
9354:2014
9320:2019
9277:2016
9200:2019
9148:2019
9118:2019
9092:2019
9062:2014
9036:2019
9010:2008
8980:2019
8954:2019
8890:2019
8860:2019
8830:2019
8804:2019
8773:2012
8743:2014
8694:2023
8668:2019
8603:2019
8577:2019
8546:2019
8469:2016
8426:2019
8371:2009
8345:2009
8319:2019
8292:2019
8258:2018
8229:2019
8184:2019
8078:2019
8047:2019
8016:2008
7983:ISBN
7950:2019
7923:2009
7887:2019
7792:2019
7727:2014
7676:2015
7658:ISBN
7527:ISSN
7468:2019
7432:2018
7363:2021
7279:2014
7245:2019
7215:2019
7133:2014
7091:2019
7061:2019
7034:2014
7004:2019
6948:2014
6912:2014
6875:2008
6844:2019
6567:2019
6522:2019
6481:2019
6431:2019
6370:2020
6215:2019
6100:and
5875:RHIB
5791:An-2
5683:D-30
5669:D-44
5235:T-62
5143:AN-2
5121:SAMs
5108:Two
5087:APCs
5079:IFVs
5071:T-72
4827:7th
4191:and
4008:and
3905:IDPs
3884:and
3846:camp
3828:and
3752:and
3645:OSCE
3568:and
3531:and
3508:OSCE
3435:and
3358:Poti
3317:1945
3282:and
3173:Gori
3068:Java
2822:Iraq
2812:and
2585:NATO
2410:Iran
2408:and
2301:was
2250:are
2246:The
2164:and
2120:Gori
2118:and
2116:Poti
2071:and
1965:and
1561:1992
1531:2022
1526:2021
1501:2020
1496:2010
1348:2016
1269:Gori
1264:Poti
847:Iraq
149:Date
126:Gori
18990:Laz
18942:Art
15469:doi
14485:BBC
13513:hdl
13505:doi
9245:JCC
7519:doi
5901:13
5555:14
5513:29
5506:14
5467:11
5439:11
5282:10
4971:GPS
4931:Tor
4776:of
4768:GRU
3848:in
3079:MSK
2950:—A
2734:BBC
2714:UAV
2691:of
2660:".
2521:in
2442:mob
2254:to
2019:of
1426:2nd
1421:1st
1397:2nd
1392:1st
1353:2nd
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