559:
this should not be used as the sole indication of signal strength, as no two S meters are calibrated exactly alike, and many lower-priced receivers omit the S meter altogether. References to a "SINFO" code may also be found in some literature. In this case, the 'F' stands for Fading, instead of 'P' for
Propagation, but the two codes are interchangeable. It was presumed that the average listener would be more familiar with the meaning of "fading" than "propagation". A simple way to ensure the rating applied is useful is to rate the "O" column first based on the intelligibility of the station. If you can understand everything easily, the station will rate a 4 or higher. If you have to work hard, but can understand everything '3' is the appropriate rating. If you cannot understand everything although you put great effort into it, a '2' is appropriate, and if you cannot understand the programming at all '1' is the appropriate rating.
562:
Some listeners may not know how to distinguish between the 'I' which indicates interference from adjacent stations, and the 'N' which describes natural atmospheric or man-made noise; also for some listeners, the rating for 'Propagation' may not be completely understood. As a result of this confusion,
137:
Another common mistake in rating is presenting an 'O' higher than any previously rated element. By definition, a station cannot present 'perfect' reception if there is any Noise or
Interference or Fading present. In other words, it is NOT 'perfect local quality' reception if any of those things are
558:
Although the original SINPO code established technical specifications for each number (i.e., a number 3 in the P column meant a fixed number of fades per minute), these are rarely adhered to by reporters. The 'S' meter displays the relative strength of the received RF signal in decibels; however,
133:
Each category is rated from 1 to 5 with 1 being 'unusable' or 'severe' and 5 being 'perfect' or 'nil'. Many raters misunderstand the code and will rate everything either 55555 or 11111 when in reality both extremes are unusual in the extreme. '55555' essentially means 'perfect reception akin to a
554:
Generally, a SINPO with a code number starting with a 2 or lower would not be worth reporting, unless there is no noise, interference or loss of propagation, since it would be likely the signal would be unintelligible.
64:. Each letter of the code stands for a specific factor of the signal, and each item is graded on a 1 to 5 scale (where 1 stands for nearly undetectable/severe/unusable and 5 for excellent/nil/extremely strong).
563:
many stations suggest the SIO code – a simpler code which makes the limitations noted above not relevant. Despite this, some books and periodicals maintain the SINPO code is the best for DX reporters.
923:
71:(a predecessor to the ITU-R) in 1951, and was widely used by BBC shortwave listeners to submit signal reports, with many going so far as to mail audio recordings to the BBC's offices.
49:
transmissions. SINPFEMO code consists of the SINPO code plus the addition of three letters to describe additional features of radiotelephony transmissions. These codes are defined by
875:
544:– This indicates a relatively clear reception, with only slight interference; however, nothing that would significantly degrade the listening experience.
68:
134:
local station' while that is occasionally possible, when talking about long-distance short-wave reception, it is almost never the case.
783:
854:
550:– This indicates a signal which is moderately strong, but has more interference, and therefore deterioration of the received signal.
691:
534:
In responding to a shortwave reception, the SINPO indicates to the transmitting station the overall quality of the reception.
937:
991:
909:
742:
537:
The SINPO code in normal use consists of the 5 rating numbers listed without the letters, as in the examples below:
303:
An extension of SINPO code, for use in radiotelephony (voice over radio) communications, SINPFEMO is an acronym for
725:
759:
847:
97:
675:
74:
SINPO and SINPFEMO are the official signal reporting codes for international civil aviation and ITU-R.
986:
571:
SINPO is said to have evolved from the BBC's RAISO format (full version: RAFISBEMVO, which measured:
840:
955:
17:
305:
Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, frequency of Fading, dEpth, Modulation, and
Overall
43:
Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, frequency of Fading, dEpth, Modulation, and
Overall
787:
8:
886:
61:
77:
The use of the SINPO code can be subjective and may vary from person to person. Not all
81:
listeners are conversant with the SINPO code and prefer using plain language instead.
117:
680:
57:
827:
46:
38:
980:
696:
37:, is a Signal Reporting Code used to describe the quality of broadcast and
686:
107:
917:
784:"Reception Reports: Reporting Code - Writing Useful Reception Reports"
760:"Procedures for Air Navigation Services: ICAO Abbreviations and Codes"
931:
129:
An overall score for the listening experience under these conditions.
103:
Interference from other stations on the same or adjacent frequencies.
78:
699:(for wired and wireless telephone circuits only, not radiotelephony)
965:
903:
702:
832:
30:
743:"BBC Engineering Division Monnograph, Number 43: September 1962"
960:
881:
123:
Whether the signal is steady or fades from time to time.
51:
Recommendation ITU-R Sm.1135, SINPO and SINPFEMO codes
35:
Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, and
Overall
828:itu.int: SM.1135 - Sinpo and sinpfemo codes - ITU
529:
978:
848:
113:The amount of atmospheric or man-made noise.
855:
841:
93:The relative strength of the transmission.
726:"ITU-R Sm.1135, SINPO and SINPFEMO codes"
41:transmissions. SINPFEMO, an acronym for
84:
23:A brevity code for radio signal reports
979:
692:Signal strength and readability report
56:SINPO code is most frequently used in
924:List of mediumwave radio broadcasters
836:
687:R-S-T system (for Amateur radio only)
938:List of shortwave radio broadcasters
720:
718:
910:List of longwave radio broadcasters
862:
45:is used to describe the quality of
13:
14:
1003:
821:
715:
808:
298:
802:
776:
752:
735:
530:Examples of SINPO code applied
1:
708:
67:The code originated with the
7:
676:Plain language radio checks
669:
520:Continuously over-modulated
10:
1008:
992:International broadcasting
575:BBC signal reporting code
566:
15:
948:
930:
916:
902:
895:
868:
352:
349:
346:
315:
168:
146:
811:Early Shortwave Stations
369:Propagation disturbance
956:World Radio TV Handbook
18:Sinpo (disambiguation)
683:(for Morse code only)
655:modulation (duality)
90:S ([[Signal strength)
647:Modulation (degree)
350:Frequency of fading
347:Degrading effect of
311:ITU-R SINPEMFO Code
169:Degrading effect of
85:SINPO code explained
16:For other uses, see
887:Shortwave listening
607:Fading (Frequency)
576:
312:
143:
62:shortwave listeners
876:Broadcast listener
790:on January 7, 2009
639:transmitted noisE
574:
310:
141:
987:Operating signals
974:
973:
944:
943:
667:
666:
631:Background noise
591:carrieR strength
527:
526:
296:
295:
142:ITU-R SINPO Code
126:O (Overall merit)
58:reception reports
999:
900:
899:
857:
850:
843:
834:
833:
815:
814:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
786:. Archived from
780:
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771:
769:
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756:
750:
749:
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739:
733:
732:
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681:QSA and QRK code
577:
573:
360:Signal strength
313:
309:
176:Signal strength
144:
140:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
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977:
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863:Radio listening
861:
824:
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728:
724:
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663:Overall rating
599:fAding (Depth)
569:
532:
378:Overall rating
301:
280:Barely audible
191:
186:
87:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1005:
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822:External links
820:
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809:Berg, Jerome.
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531:
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502:Barely audible
500:
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47:radiotelephony
39:radiotelegraph
22:
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3:
2:
1004:
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755:
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727:
721:
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714:
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701:
698:
697:Circuit Merit
695:
693:
690:
688:
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682:
679:
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673:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
650:
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619:
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615:Interference
614:
611:
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582:
579:
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363:Interference
362:
359:
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355:
344:
343:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
316:Rating scale
314:
308:
306:
299:SINPFEMO code
291:
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147:Rating scale
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48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
19:
810:
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:the original
778:
766:. Retrieved
754:
737:
570:
561:
557:
553:
547:
541:
536:
533:
304:
302:
187:disturbance
136:
132:
98:Interference
76:
73:
66:
55:
50:
42:
34:
26:
25:
491:Poor or Nil
353:Modulation
185:Propagation
118:Propagation
60:written by
981:Categories
918:Mediumwave
709:References
401:Excellent
212:Excellent
200:Excellent
932:Shortwave
896:Listening
583:Property
517:Very Poor
514:Very fast
456:Moderate
407:Excellent
386:Excellent
292:Unusable
249:Moderate
246:Moderate
243:Moderate
138:present.
79:shortwave
966:QSL card
904:Longwave
794:27 April
768:27 April
703:QSL card
670:See also
523:Unusable
453:Moderate
450:Moderate
447:Moderate
372:Quality
289:Extreme
286:Extreme
283:Extreme
623:Static
580:Letter
567:History
511:Extreme
508:Extreme
505:Extreme
476:Severe
424:Slight
404:Maximum
269:Severe
266:Severe
263:Severe
229:Slight
226:Slight
223:Slight
192:rating
190:Overall
31:acronym
482:Severe
479:Severe
421:Slight
418:Slight
375:Depth
366:Noise
182:Noise
961:SINPO
949:Other
878:(BCL)
869:Types
763:(PDF)
746:(PDF)
729:(PDF)
548:33433
542:54554
488:Poor
485:Fast
459:Fair
430:Good
427:Slow
272:Poor
260:Poor
252:Fair
240:Fair
232:Good
220:Good
108:Noise
29:, an
27:SINPO
882:DXer
796:2015
770:2015
494:Poor
473:Poor
465:Fair
462:Fair
444:Fair
436:Good
433:Good
415:Good
398:Nil
395:Nil
209:Nil
206:Nil
203:Nil
69:CCIR
33:for
392:Nil
389:Nil
116:P (
106:N (
96:I (
983::
717:^
660:O
652:V
644:M
636:E
628:B
620:S
612:I
604:F
596:A
588:R
340:O
337:M
334:E
331:F
328:P
325:N
322:I
319:S
307:.
277:1
257:2
237:3
217:4
197:5
162:O
159:P
156:N
153:I
150:S
53:.
856:e
849:t
842:v
813:.
798:.
772:.
748:.
731:.
499:1
470:2
441:3
412:4
383:5
120:)
110:)
100:)
20:.
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