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enquiries this and the other reports were unfortunately found to be untrue. At 5:30 yesterday the Anglo got in touch with Cape Race and learned that she had not passed the Cape neither was she at
Trepassey. A message from Captain Connors of the Portia said she was not St. Mary's Bay. A wireless message was sent by the government to the U.S. Patrol steamer Senaca, which is in the vicinity of Cape Race, asking her to search for the Cross. The S.S. Kyle will also leave tonight to make a diligent search for her and it is hoped that something will soon be heard from the overdue ship, as anxiety for her safety is increasing hourly. If she had been driven off to sea, which is the general opinion expressed by experienced seamen, it would take her some days to make land again. The ship is heavily laden and cannot steam at great speed.
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the 1914 Sealing
Disaster and subsequent inquiries, further legislation was put in place in 1916, aimed directly at improving the safety standards and well-being of sealers. The new measures prohibited men from working in the dark; prohibited captains from ordering their crewmen to travel so far as to not be able to return to the ship within the day, and provided for rocket signals, search parties, masters' and mates' certificates, medical officers, thermometers, barometers, and better food and compensation.
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Public sympathy was very evident after the 1914 Newfoundland
Sealing Disaster. By April 27, 1914, a disaster fund set up to aid survivors and their families amounted to $ 88,550. It's notable that this was not limited to the sealing disasters; it was common practice in society at the time to respond
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had lived. "It will pretty well clear out this place," said one resident of the ship's loss. According to Kent "The dread of the loss of this steamer had passed almost to certainty and the mention of the house, the wife, the children, the hopes and ambitions of any of those on her became a tragedy."
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While legislation concerning the sealing industry had existed as early as 1873, most regulations concerned maintaining seal stock. In 1898 legislation put a limit on the number of men on each steamer, and one year later in 1899, some wage protection was instated for sealers. Arguably as a result of
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remained largely unexplained as no crewmen or record of the voyage survived. While a marine court of inquiry determined that the ship sank in a blizzard on March 31, little evidence exists to verify this. Oral tradition suggests that rotten boards gave out in the heavy sea and allowed the cargo to
442:
Nothing has been heard of the
Southern Cross since she was reported off Cape Pine on Tuesday last, and the general opinion is that she was driven far off to sea. Various reports were afloat in the city last night, one in particular that she had passed Cape Race yesterday afternoon, but upon making
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sank because of overloading, the government prohibited any ship from returning from a hunt with more than 35,000 pelts, and the
Minister of Fisheries began to mark "load lines" on sealing vessels. Any ship that returned to port with its "load line" below the water would be heavily fined.
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These two disasters together constitute what is referred to as the 1914 Newfoundland
Sealing Disaster. A total loss of 251 lives from a country with a population of approximately 250,000 devastated families and communities. In his autobiographical book,
542:, which focussed, as did most coverage of the 1914 sealing disaster, on the much less numerous losses of life on the SS Newfoundland, and also in a 1991 National Film Board of Canada documentary
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fell out of normal communication. The people of
Newfoundland remained hopeful that tragedy would not strike twice, as evidenced by the April 3 newspaper article below:
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To mark the 100th anniversary of the
Newfoundland sealing disaster, an animated short entitled "54 Hours" was produced by the National Film Board of Canada.
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cast doubts on her seaworthiness (perhaps to thwart
Borchgrevink's departure), the ship fulfilled all that was required of her in Antarctic waters.
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419:(under Captain Westbury Kean). In addition to minor crew changes from 1913, the fateful decision to remove the wireless set and operator from
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sealing disasters. The commission's findings made it clear that sealers faced extraordinarily dangerous working conditions on the ice.
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and fitted out for the expedition. Engines were designed to
Borchgrevink's specification, and fitted before the ship left Norway.
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accounted for the greater human loss of the two shipwrecks, some historians argue that the emotional impact of the
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lost 78 sealers from her crew when they were stranded on the ice for two nights. Just as the terrible news of the
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which in 1896 had returned unscathed from its long drift in the northern polar ocean during Nansen's
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work in the ice pack, during Southern Cross Expedition, with the SS Southern Cross in the background
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disaster was more intensely felt because of the horrific stories survivors were able to recount.
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from 1901 to 1914. In April 1914 was lost with all hands in a storm off the Newfoundland coast.
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on March 31, 1914, killing all 174 men aboard in the same storm that killed 78 crewmen from the
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was sold in 1901 to Murray & Crawford, Glasgow, and took up seal hunting from
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A First Rate Tragedy: A Brief History of Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions
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Like several of the historic polar ships her post-expedition life was short;
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describes the impact of the loss on Brigus, where many of the sealers from
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Murray & Crawford, Glasgow - Newfoundland Sealing Company (1901–1914)
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where it made marine history by breaking through the pack ice into the
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I Just Didn't Want to Die": The 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster"
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In 1914–15, the government held a commission of inquiry to examine
390:
44:
576:
List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922
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Death on the Ice; the great Newfoundland sealing disaster of 1914
544:
I Just Didn't Want to Die: The 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster
232:
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SS Southern Cross ship on the Southern Cross Expedition ca 1899
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that became known as the "1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster".
191:
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for the purpose of overwintering on the Antarctic continent.
961:. Vol. 113, no. 48. November 27, 2000. p. 76.
787:. Ships of the World Series. Houghton Mifflin. p. 131.
1049:
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents from January to July 1914
124:, Larvik, Norway built by Ole Martin Olsen, Arendal, Norway
915:
The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914
662:
The Last Great Quest: Captain Scott's Antarctic Sacrifice
563:
has caused the incident to be written in a song entitled
987:
Vital Passage: The Newfoundland Epic of Rockwell Kent
403:
468:shift and capsize the steamer. Though the wreck of
933:
552:A novel about the sinking by Tim B. Rogers titled
534:The vessel was mentioned only briefly in the book
1449:Shipwrecks of the Newfoundland and Labrador coast
850:"Death on the Ice: The Story That Had to be Told"
1415:
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426:The fleet left St. John's on March 13, 1914.
247:, and was 146 feet (45 m) long overall.
627:
316:
808:
1041:
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700:. Antarctic Heritage Trust. Archived from
694:"Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink (1864–1934)"
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774:
724:"An Antarctic Time Line : 1519–1959"
652:
623:
621:
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821:. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 16.
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989:. The Rooms, St. John's, Newfoundland.
814:
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201:She was lost at sea returning from the
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526:to industrial accidents in this way.
408:The 1914 sealing fleet included both
57:
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554:The Mystery of the SS Southern Cross
350:During the Southern Cross Expedition
858:Memorial University of Newfoundland
603:Memorial University of Newfoundland
592:
278:was sold to the Norwegian explorer
224:The vessel was commissioned as the
13:
854:Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
784:Ships of Discovery and Exploration
599:Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
520:
404:1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster
243:-rigged, registered 520 tons
14:
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434:tragedy was reaching St. John's,
423:was taken in order to cut costs.
1444:Maritime incidents in March 1914
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631:First on the Antarctic Continent
512:In response to speculation that
59:
30:
1014:, National Film Board of Canada
906:
872:
842:
749:"Ships of the Polar Explorers"
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716:
634:. George Newnes Ltd. pp.
628:Borchgrevink, Carsten (1901).
586:
1:
889:National Film Board of Canada
580:
559:The loss of so many lives on
463:s crew, the disappearance of
219:
16:Steam-powered sealing vessel
7:
985:Wien, Jake Milgram (2014).
698:Norway's Forgotten Explorer
570:
362:purchased the steam whaler
270:"Farthest North" expedition
190:that operated primarily in
10:
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665:. OUP Oxford. p. 63.
356:Southern Cross Expeditions
320:
101:O. B. Sørensen (1886-1897)
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323:Southern Cross Expedition
317:Southern Cross Expedition
292:Southern Cross Expedition
144:
52:
29:
917:. Breakwater Books Ltd.
966:Kent, Rockwell (1996).
595:"1914 Sealing Disaster"
556:was published in 2014.
164:146 ft (45 m)
145:General characteristics
1454:Ships built in Arendal
932:Brown, Cassie (1972).
913:Ryan, Shannon (1994).
456:Unlike the tragedy of
454:
351:
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309:participated in every
1439:Icebreakers of Canada
1429:Icebreakers of Norway
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381:On December 19, 1898
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105:Carstens Borchgrevink
98:Axel Herlofsen (1886)
1434:Steamships of Canada
1424:Steamships of Norway
815:Preston, D. (2012).
781:Paine, L.P. (2000).
704:on November 20, 2009
493:Legislative Response
449:The Evening Telegram
387:Antarctic expedition
360:Carsten Borchgrevink
280:Carsten Borchgrevink
186:was a steam-powered
370:. She was taken to
26:
1339:Andrei Pervozvanny
1190:Empress of Ireland
955:"Tragedy on Ice".
886:. Our Collection.
659:Jones, M. (2004).
530:In popular culture
352:
344:
333:
21:
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996:978-1-928156-00-0
828:978-1-78033-081-5
794:978-0-395-98415-4
672:978-0-19-280570-6
645:978-0-905838-41-0
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536:Death on the Ice
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140:Lost at sea 1914
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860:. November 2000
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970:. Wesleyan.
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893:. Retrieved
887:
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862:. Retrieved
853:
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834:February 20,
832:. Retrieved
817:
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800:February 20,
798:. Retrieved
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756:. Retrieved
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731:. Retrieved
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706:. Retrieved
702:the original
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678:February 20,
676:. Retrieved
661:
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606:. Retrieved
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540:Cassie Brown
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122:Colin Archer
120:Designed by
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1405:August 1914
1222:San Antonio
1089:last voyage
374:'s yard in
272:, 1893–96.
107:(1897–1901)
86:(1897–1914)
80:(1886-1897)
1459:1886 ships
1418:Categories
1364:Mousqueton
1346:6-23 Jul:
1329:California
1082:HMCS
1056:Shipwrecks
895:August 29,
864:August 29,
758:August 11,
733:August 29,
728:South-Pole
708:August 10,
608:August 29,
581:References
340:Theodolite
321:See also:
290:, for the
220:Background
1287:HMS
1263:Bellubera
1241:HMS
1130:Wellesley
1098:HMS
958:Maclean's
396:Although
311:seal hunt
203:seal hunt
169:Sail plan
153:520
1354:incident
1326:27 Jun:
1316:18 Jun:
1299:Storstad
1296:29 May:
1285:22 Apr:
1278:incident
1273:Ypiranga
1270:21 Apr:
1243:Laverock
1239:28 Feb:
1229:26 Jan:
1219:25 Jan:
1197:17 Jun:
1187:29 May:
1167:30 Apr:
1147:31 Mar:
1137:17 Mar:
1127:11 Mar:
1117:17 Feb:
1107:30 Jan:
1096:16 Jan:
1080:10 Jan:
1067:Oklahoma
1012:54 hours
764:Fate of
571:See also
446:—
391:Ross Sea
354:For the
286:renamed
282:in 1897
259:Nansen's
207:SS
129:Launched
45:Tasmania
1361:7 Jul:
1336:1 Jul:
1306:8 Jun:
1260:2 Apr:
1250:1 Mar:
1232:Warrior
1180:Dollart
1177:1 May:
1157:2 Apr:
1064:4 Jan:
398:Markham
233:Arendal
214:tragedy
150:Tonnage
117:Builder
53:History
39:in the
1253:Camano
1110:Monroe
1084:Karluk
993:
974:
968:N by E
944:
921:
825:
791:
770:Aurora
766:Nimrod
669:
642:
376:Larvik
364:Pollux
276:Pollux
251:Pollux
241:barque
237:Norway
229:Pollux
226:whaler
192:Norway
173:barque
161:Length
78:Pollux
66:Norway
47:, 1898
1319:Bülow
1201:Maine
1199:HMHS
638:–11.
461:'
261:ship
245:gross
93:Owner
1393:1915
1385:1914
1377:1913
1289:Isis
1160:Kate
991:ISBN
972:ISBN
942:ISBN
919:ISBN
897:2013
866:2013
836:2018
823:ISBN
802:2018
789:ISBN
768:and
760:2008
735:2008
710:2008
680:2018
667:ISBN
640:ISBN
610:2013
501:and
412:and
264:Fram
194:and
137:Fate
72:Name
538:by
414:SS
284:and
231:at
181:SS
155:GRT
22:SS
1420::
1100:A7
1070:,
856:.
852:.
751:.
726:.
696:.
636:10
618:^
601:.
597:.
567:.
546:.
358:,
305:.
294:.
235:,
198:.
43:,
1356:)
1352:(
1280:)
1276:(
1091:)
1087:(
1042:e
1035:t
1028:v
999:.
980:.
950:.
927:.
899:.
882:"
880:"
868:.
838:.
804:.
762:.
737:.
712:.
682:.
648:.
612:.
266:,
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