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in 1540. It is considered an important step in the history of Gothic sculpture, because of the skill of the carving, and the lack of rigidity of the figures. There are six figures in the embrasures and thirty figures in the voussures, or arches above the door, which represent kings, probably those of the Old
Testament, while the tympanum over the door illustrates the martyrdom of Saint-Denis and his companions Eleuthere and Rusticus. This portal was among the last works commissioned by Suger; he died in 1151, before it was completed. The original sculpture that was destroyed in the Revolution was replaced with sculpture from the early 19th century, made by Felix Brun.
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1127:. In March 2018, the culture ministry signed an accord with the association, officially launching the reconstruction project, with works expected to commence in May 2020. A year later, French scholars were still divided on the €25 million proposal to reconstruct the spire. In 2023, hundreds of anonymous graves dating from the 5th to the 14th century were discovered in the Basilica. In the same year, the Basilica's stained glass windows which have been the central focus of a project spanning 25 years, entered the final stage of restoration with a total cost exceeding 2 million euros.
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672:, and was a regent of Louis VII when the King was absent on the Crusades. He was an accomplished fund-raiser, acquiring treasures for the cathedral and collecting an enormous sum for its rebuilding. In about 1135 he began reconstructing and enlarging the abbey. In his famous account of the work undertaken during his administration, Suger explained his decision to rebuild the church, due to the decrepit state of the old structure and its inability to cope with the crowds of pilgrims visiting the shrine of St Denis.
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935:. and the display of the skeleton of a baleine whale in the nave in 1771. Greater harm was done with the removal of the early Gothic column-statues which Suger had used to decorate the west front. (They were replaced with replicas in the 19th century). In 1700, reconstruction began of the monastic buildings adjacent to the church. This was not completed until the mid-18th century. Into these buildings Napoleon installed a school for the daughters of members of the French
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exterior, are filled with windows. The new system allowed light to pass into the interior of the choir. The disambulatory connects with the five radiating chapels at the east end of the cathedral, which have their own large windows. To give them greater unity, the five chapels share the same system of vaulted roofs. To make the walls between the chapels even less visible, they are masked with networks of slender columns and tracery.
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1877:, illustrating the genealogy of Christ, in the Axis chapel; the "Allegories of Saint Paul" and "The Life of Moses" in the fourth radiating chapel on the north; "The vision of Ezekiel under the sign of tau", originally from a group illustrating the Passion of Christ, in the fourth rayonnant chapel on the south, in the left bay and third register. Another piece of original window from Suger's time, depicting mythical
1707:(died 1514). It takes the form of a white marble temple filled and surrounded with figures. Inside it, the King and Queen are depicted realistically in their dying agonies, Allegorical figures seated around the temple depict the virtues of the King and Queen. On the roof of the tomb, the King and Queen are shown again, kneeling and calmly praying, celebrating their victory over death, thanks to their virtues.
3740:"L'art Gothique", section: "L'architecture Gothique en Angleterre" by Ute Engel: L'Angleterre fut l'une des premieres régions à adopter, dans la deuxième moitié du XIIeme siècle, la nouvelle architecture gothique née en France. Les relations historiques entre les deux pays jouèrent un rôle prépondérant: en 1154, Henri II (1154–1189), de la dynastie Française des Plantagenêt, accéda au thrône d'Angleterre." (
737:, a 6th century mystic who equated the slightest reflection or glint with divine light. Suger's own words were carved in the nave: "For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright/and bright is the noble edifice which is pervaded by the new light." Following Suger's example, large stained glass windows filling the interior with mystical light became a prominent feature of Gothic architecture.
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1283:, at the east end of the cathedral, was one of the first parts of the structure rebuilt into the Gothic style. The work was commissioned by Abbot Suger in 1140 and completed in 1144. It was considerably modified under the young King Louis IX and his mother, Blanche of Castille, the Regent of the Kingdom, beginning in 1231. The apse was built much higher, along with the nave. Large
1081:, the French author who led campaign for the restoration of ruined Gothic architecture in France. Viollet-le-Duc continued working on the Abbey until his death in 1879, and replaced many of the creations conceived by Debret. Viollet-le-Duc focused on the tombs, rearranging and transforming portions of the interior into a vast museum of French sculpture. In the 1860s Emperor
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844:. This new style, which differed from Suger's earlier works as much as they had differed from their Romanesque precursors, reduced the wall area to an absolute minimum. Solid masonry was replaced with vast window openings filled with brilliant stained glass (all destroyed in the Revolution) and interrupted only by the most slender of bar
981:, the revolutionary government, ordered the violation of the sepulchres and the destruction of the royal tombs, but agreed to create a commission to select those monuments which were of historical interest for preservation. In 1798, these were transferred to the chapel of the Petit-Augustins, which later became the
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six standing figures in the embracements and thirty figures in the voussures, or arches, over the doorway, which probably represent the Kings of the Old
Testament. The scene in the Tympanum over the doorway depicts the martyrdom of Saint Denis. In their realism and finesse, they were a landmark in Gothic sculpture.
1426:, above. Slender columns rose from the pillars up the walls to support the four-part rib vaults. As a result of the Rayonnant reconstruction in the triforium was given windows, and the upper walls were entirely filled with glass, which reached upward into the arches of the vaults, flooding the church with light.
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England was one of the first regions to adopt, during the first half of the 12th century, the new Gothic architecture born in France. Historic relationships between the two countries played a determining role: in 1154, Henry II (1154–1189), of the French
Plantagenet dynasty, ascended to the throne of
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The Porte de Valois, or north portal, was originally built in the 12th century, near the end of Suger's life, then rebuilt at the end of the north transept in the 13th century. According to Suger, the original entrance on the north did not have sculpture, but mosaic, which Suger replaced by sculpture
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The church was reconsecrated by Napoléon in 1806, and he designated it as the future site for his own tomb and those of his intended dynasty. He also ordered the construction of three chapels to honour the last French kings, created a chapel under the authority of his uncle, Cardinal Fesch, which was
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Suger's great innovation in the new choir was the replacement of the heavy dividing walls in the apse and ambulatory with slender columns, so that the interior of that part of the church was filled with light. He described "A circular string of chapels, by virtue of which the whole church would shine
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The crypt was rebuilt and extended eastward by Suger. The walls were decorated with blind arches, divided by columns whose capitals illustrate
Biblical scenes and scenes from the life of St. Denis. Thirty-nine of the original Romanesque sixty-two capitals are still in place. Sugar constructed a new
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The crypt beneath the church is divided into two sections; the older, called archeological crypt, is located under the transept, and was originally built in about 775 AD, when the abbey was reconstructed by Abbot
Fuldiad. It had a disambulatory, passage which allowed pilgrims to circulate around the
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At the same time, the transept was enlarged and given large rose windows in the new rayonnant style, divided into multiple lancet windows topped by trilobe windows and other geometric forms inscribed in circles. The walls of the nave on both sides were entirely filled with windows, each composed of
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in 1873. He replaced the upper stained glass windows in the nave with depictions of the historic kings of France, and added new windows to the transept depicting the renovation, and the July 1837 visit to the
Cathedral of King Louis Philippe. On 9 June, the spire of the tower was struck by lightning
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The Portal of Valois was the last of the Gothic structures planned by Suger. It was designed for the original building, but was not yet begun when Suger died in 1151. In the 13th century it was moved to the end of the new transept on the north side of the church. The sculpture of the portal includes
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The crypt was not large enough for the growing number of pilgrims who came, so in about 832 the abbot
Hilduin built a second crypt, to the west of the first, and a small new chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary was constructed next to the apse. The new crypt was extensively rebuilt under Suger in the
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Most of the medieval monastic buildings were demolished in 1792. Although the church itself was left standing, it was profaned, its treasury confiscated and its reliquaries and liturgical furniture melted down for their metallic value. Some objects, including a chalice and aquamanile donated to the
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Suger died in 1151 with the Gothic reconstruction incomplete. In 1231, Abbot Odo
Clement began work on the rebuilding of the Carolingian nave, which remained sandwiched incongruously between Suger's Gothic works to the east and west. Both the nave and the upper parts of Suger's choir were replaced
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and at the east end. During important religious celebrations, the interior of the church was lit with 1250 lamps. Beneath the apse, in imitation of St. Peter's in Rome, a crypt was constructed, with a
Confession, or martyr's chapel, in the center. Inside this was a platform on which the sarcophagus
976:
Due to its connections to the French monarchy and proximity to Paris, the abbey of Saint-Denis was a prime target of revolutionary vandalism. On Friday, 14 September 1792, the monks celebrated their last services in the abbey church; the monastery was dissolved the next day. The church was used to
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Suger's western extension was completed in 1140 and the three new chapels in the narthex were consecrated on 9 June of that year, but the
Romanesque nave between was yet unchanged. He wrote about the new narthex at the west end and proposed chapels at the east: "Once the new rear part is joined to
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In the new design, massive vertical buttresses separated the three doorways and horizontal string-courses and window arcades clearly marked out the divisions. This clear delineation of parts was to influence subsequent west façade designs as a common theme in the development of Gothic architecture
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a leper, who was sleeping in the nearly completed church the night before its planned consecration, witnessed a blaze of light from which Christ, accompanied by St Denis and a host of angels, emerged to conduct the consecration ceremony himself. Before leaving, Christ healed the leper, tearing off
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The chevet had been constructed by Suger in record time, in just four years, between 1140 and 1144, and was one of the first great realisations of Gothic architecture. The double disambulatory is divided not by walls but by two rows of columns, while the outside walls, thanks to buttresses on the
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with pointed arches, and exterior buttresses which made it possible to have larger windows and to eliminate interior walls. It was the first time that these features had all been drawn together; and the new style evolved radically from the previous Romanesque architecture by the lightness of the
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Suger began his rebuilding project at the western end of St Denis, demolishing the old Carolingian facade with its single, centrally located door. He extended the old nave westwards by an additional four bays and added a massive western narthex, incorporating a new façade and three chapels on the
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One other original feature was added by Suger's builders; a rose window over the central portal. Although small circular windows (oculi) within triangular tympana were common on the west facades of Italian Romanesque churches, this was probably the first example of a rose window within a square
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Two different architects, or master masons, were involved in the 12th century rebuilding. Both remain anonymous but their work can be distinguished on stylistic grounds. The first, who was responsible for the initial work at the western end, favoured conventional Romanesque capitals and moulding
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over it marvelously decorated with gold and gems. He composed a crest and a magnificent frontal and surrounded the throne of the altar with golden axes in a circle. He placed golden apples there, round and jeweled. He made a pulpit and a gate of silver and a roof for the throne of the altar on
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The organ is located on the tribune, at the west of the nave. An organ is recorded as existing at the basilica in 1520. A later organ, made by Crespin Carlier, is recorded in 1520, but this instrument was destroyed during the French Revolution. The church re-opened in 1806 without an organ. A
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The apse with its two ambulatories and axial chapels was extensively rebuilt in the 12th century, to connect harmoniously with the new and larger nave, but a major effort was made to save the early Gothic features created by Suger, including the double disambulatory with its large windows. To
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This new façade, 34 metres (112 ft) wide and 20 metres (66 ft) deep, has three portals, the central one larger than those on either side, reflecting the relative width of the central nave and lateral aisles. This tripartite arrangement was clearly influenced by the late 11th century
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displaying his wounds with the dead emerging from their tombs below. Scenes from the martyrdom of St Denis were carved above the south (right hand) portal, while above the north portal was a mosaic (lost), even though this was, as Suger put it 'contrary to the modern custom'. Of the original
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their bodies were thrown out of their coffins, dumped into three trenches and covered with lime to destroy them. The older monarchs were removed in August 1793 to celebrate the revolutionary Festival of Reunion, the Valois and Bourbon monarchs in October 1793 to celebrate the execution of
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In 1895, when the chapter created by Napoleon was dissolved, the church lost its cathedral rank and reverted to being a parish church. It did not become a cathedral again until 1966, with the creation of the new diocese of Saint-Denis. The formal title is now the "Baslilique-cathédrale de
1417:
The nave, the portion to the west of the church reserved for ordinary worshippers, and the choir, the portion to the east reserved for the clergy, were rebuilt into the Gothic style in the 13th century, after the apse at the east and the west front. Like the other Gothic churches in the
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his diseased skin to reveal a perfect complexion underneath. A mis-shapen patch on a marble column was said to be the leper's former skin, which stuck there when Christ discarded it. Having been consecrated by Christ, the fabric of the building was itself regarded as sacred.
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designed the first Neo-Gothic windows of the nave in 1813. these include the upper windows of the nave, which represent the kings and queens of France. Later upper windows of the south transept depict the restoration of the church, and particularly the visit there of
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of Denis was displayed, with those of his companions Rusticus and Eleutherus on either side. Around the platform was a corridor where pilgrims could circulate, and bays with windows. Traces of painted decoration of this original crypt can be seen in some of the bays.
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1558:(987–996), but the tombs of several earlier kings were already located there. The site was chosen because of its association with St. Denis, the first Bishop of Paris and one of the earliest Christian leaders in France, who was buried there All but three of the
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and destroyed. Debret rapidly put into place a new spire, but he did not fully understand the principles of Gothic architecture. He made errors in his plans for the new structure, which resulted in the spire and tower collapsing under their own weight in 1845.
2085:
The statues on the portal of the Valois, on the transept of the Saint Denis, made in 1175, have very elongated and expressive figures, and also had an important effect on Gothic sculpture. They were the opposite of the more restrained and dignified figures of
1197:
The west front was originally decorated with a series of column statues, representing the kings and queens of the Old Testament. These were removed in 1771 and were mostly destroyed during the French Revolution, though a number of the heads can be seen in the
1244:
1749:, the restored Bourbons ordered a search for the corpses of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. They were found on 21 January 1815, brought to Saint-Denis and placed in the archeologi crypt. Their tombs are covered with black marble slabs installed in 1975.
683:, or battle flag, of St. Denis, to give the King the protection of the Saint. It was taken to the Abbey only when France was in danger. The flag was retired in 1488, when the Parisians opened the gates of Paris to invading English and Burgundian armies.
486:
silver axes. He made a covering in the place before the tomb and fabricated an outside altar at the feet of the holy martyr. So much industry did he lavish there, at the king's request, and poured out so much that scarcely a single ornament was left in
1232:
1755:, upon his death in 1824, was buried in the centre of the crypt, near the graves of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The coffins of royal family members who died between 1815 and 1830 were also placed in the vaults. Under the direction of architect
1492:
The basilica retains stained glass of many periods (although most of the panels from Suger's time have been removed for long-term conservation and replaced with photographic transparencies), including exceptional modern glass, and a set of 12
360:
The 86-metre (282-foot) tall spire, dismantled in the 19th century, is to be rebuilt. The project, initiated more than 30 years ago, was to have begun in May 2020, and is expected to take about 11 years at a cost of about €28 million.
745:, before going on to build the new choir, displayed a more restrained approach to decorative effects, relying on a simple repertoire of motifs, which may have proved more suitable for the lighter Gothic style that he helped to create.
1508:
290:
The site originated as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times. The archaeological remains still lie beneath the cathedral; the graves indicate a mixture of Christian and pre-Christian burial practices. Around the year 475 AD,
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when the bones of 16 former kings and queens were relocated to new tombs arranged around the crossing, eight Carolingian monarchs to the south and eight Capetians to the north. These tombs, featuring lifelike carved recumbent
752:
The new structure was finished and dedicated on 11 June 1144, in the presence of the King. The Abbey of St Denis thus became the prototype for further building in the royal domain of northern France. Through the rule of the
732:
The new architecture was full of symbolism. The twelve columns in the choir represented the twelve Apostles, and the light represented the Holy Spirit. Like many French clerics in the 12th century AD, he was a follower of
394:
in about 250 AD. According to the legend, he is said to have carried his head four leagues to the Roman settlement of Catulliacus, the site of the current church, and indicated that it was where he wanted to be buried. A
696:
and a marked departure from the Romanesque. The portals themselves were sealed by gilded bronze doors, ornamented with scenes from Christ's Passion. They clearly recorded Suger's patronage with the following inscription:
664:(c. 1081 – 1151), the patron of the rebuilding of the Abbey church, had begun his career in the church at the age of ten, and rose to become the Abbot in 1122. He was a school companion and then confidant and minister of
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2073:
The new west front sculpture of St. Denis had an important influence on Gothic style. The influential features of the new façade include the tall, thin statues of Old Testament prophets and kings attached to columns
679:, where the kings were crowned. The Abbey also kept the regalia of the coronation, including the robes, crowns and sceptre. Beginning in 1124, and until the mid-15th century, the kings departed for war carrying the
1581:, the central portion of this crypt was devoted the Bourbon dynasty, but the tombs themselves were simple lead coffins in wood cases. The effigies of many of the kings and queens are on their tombs, but during the
1296:
four lancets topped by a rose, filling the entire space above the triforium. The upper walls, like the chevet, were supported by flying buttresses whose bases were placed between the chapels alongside the nave.
1633:
and Hugh Capet (which disappeared during the Revolution). The new tombs were all made in the same style and costume, with a reposing figure holding a staff, to illustrate the continuity of the French Monarchy.
1868:
Abbot Suger commissioned a large amount of stained glass for the new chevet, but only very small amount of the original glass from the time of Suger survived intact. In the 19th century it was collected by
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accomplish this, four large pillars were installed in the crypt to support the upper level, and the walls of the first traverse of the sanctuary were placed at an angle to connect with the wider transept.
413:
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The tympanum of the south portal illustrates the last days of the Denis and his companions before their martyrdom. The piedroits are filled with medallions representing the labours of the days of month.
1857:
713:
the part in front, the church shines with its middle part brightened. For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright, and bright is the noble edifice which is pervaded by the new light."
2058:
2163:, the small seat on each stall on which the clergy could rest when standing for long periods of time. The stalls were made in the 16th century, and were originally located in the high chapel of the
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sculpture, very little remains, most of what is now visible being the result of rather clumsy restoration work in 1839. Some fragments of the original sculptures survive in the collection of the
2001:
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1182:. A crenellated parapet runs across the west front and connects the towers (still unfinished in 1140), illustrating that the church front was the symbolic entrance to the celestial Jerusalem.
642:
4659:
1621:(Saint Louis) commissioned a number of important tombs of earlier kings and French historical figures, whose remains were collected from other churches. These included the tombs of Clovis I,
1873:, and was integrated into windows in the chevet. Original glass includes the figure of Suger prostrating himself at the feet of Christ, in the window called "The Childhood of Christ"; the
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were added to the chevet, to support the upper walls, and to make possible the enormous windows installed there. The masons used the same engineering concept that was used at the Abbey of
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1123:, has since been established to support the reconstruction, with the aim of raising the necessary funds by opening the reconstruction works to the general public, along the model of the
1771:
and whose tomb had not been touched by the revolutionaries, was brought to Saint-Denis and buried in the crypt. In 2004, the mummified heart of the Dauphin, the boy who would have been
1942:
311:
of France, were reinterred in the basilica. The relics of St-Denis, which had been transferred to the parish church of the town in 1795, were brought back again to the abbey in 1819.
1817:. It was acquired for the cathedral by the administration of national monuments in 1993. The wall cases also display a selection of precious objects from the cathedral's collection.
2245:, sole titular organist for 30 years (between 1987 and 2018), held many recitals (between 1989 and 1995, then between 2014 and 2017), and recorded eight CDs using this instrument.
1527:
1801:
in 1812 into a Neo-classical gallery of murals which depict scenes from the history of the cathedral. A work added to the Sacristy is "Allegory of the Divine Word", a painting by
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In 1794, the government decided to remove the lead tiles from the roof, to melt them down to make bullets. This left the interior of the church badly exposed to the weather.
824:, planned for the new nave and its large crossing to have a much clearer focus as the French 'royal necropolis', or burial place. That plan was fulfilled in 1264 under Abbot
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2082:'s drawings). These were also adopted at the cathedrals of Paris and Chartres, constructed a few years later, and became a feature of almost every Gothic portal thereafter.
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with sculpture on the roof depicting the King and Queen in prayer. The King places his hand on his heart illustrating his Catholic faith a period of religious conflicts.
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2175:. The stalls were moved to Saint-Denis and installed for their use. Besides the carved wood, the stalls are decorated with elaborate multi-coloured religious scenes in
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390:. He was arrested and condemned by the Roman authorities. Along with two of his followers, the priest Eleutherus and deacon Rusticus, he was decapitated on the hill of
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was named the chief architect of the cathedral; he proceeded, over thirty years, to repair the Revolutionary damage. He was later best known for his design of the
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Department. In 1805 Napoleon Bonaparte decided to create three new chapels at Saint-Denis, as well as a chapter of bishops under the authority of his uncle,
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or shrine-mausoleum was erected on the site of his grave in about 313 AD, and was enlarged into a basilica with the addition of tombs and monuments under
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asked Viollet-le-Duc to construct an imperial section in the crypt for him and his dynasty, but he was deposed and went into exile before it was begun.
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Most of what is now known about the Carolingian church at St Denis resulted from a lengthy series of excavations begun under the American art historian
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908:(1562–1598). Damage was largely limited to broken tombs and precious objects stolen from the altars and treasury. Many modifications were made under
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On the lintel below the great tympanum showing the Last Judgement, beneath a carved figure of the kneeling Abbot, was inscribed the more modest plea;
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ordered the mass graves to be opened, but only portions of three bodies remained intact. The remaining bones from 158 bodies were collected into an
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relics of Saint Denis and his companions on display in the center. It was lit by alternating small windows in the walls and lamps placed in niches.
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rebuilt portions of the abbey church using innovative structural and decorative features. In doing so, he is said to have created the first truly
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Much of the current stained glass dates to the 19th century, as the church began to be restored from the damage of the Revolution. The architect
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with the wonderful and uninterrupted light of most luminous windows, pervading the interior beauty." One of these chapels was dedicated to Saint
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The dark Romanesque nave, with its thick walls and small window-openings, was rebuilt using the very latest techniques, in what is now known as
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lying on raised bases, were badly damaged during the French revolution though all but two were subsequently restored by Viollet le Duc in 1860.
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1741:, who died of illness and neglect at the hands of his revolutionary captors, was buried in an unmarked grave in a Parisian churchyard near the
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royalty, mistakenly identified as images of royal French kings and queens, were removed from the portals and the tympana sculpture defaced.
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and later royal families. These included the construction of chapel adjoining the north transept to serve as a tomb for the monarchs of the
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856:. As with Suger's earlier rebuilding work, the identity of the architect or master mason remains unknown. Although often attributed to
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Conrad Rudolph, "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis,"
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The west front of the church, dedicated on 9 June 1140, is divided into three sections, each with its own entrance, representing the
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again proposed its reconstruction after concluding it was technically feasible—albeit without public funding. An association,
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The bronze doors of the central portal are modern, but are a faithful reproduction of the original doors, which depicted the
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a symbol of Paradise, is found in the second radiating chapel on the north. Other scenes which Suger described, showing the
860:, the only evidence for his involvement is an unrelated document of 1247 which refers to him as 'a mason from Saint-Denis'.
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In later years, tombs were placed along the aisles that surrounded around the choir and the nave. In the 13th century King
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profiles with rich and individualised detailing. His successor, who completed the western facade and upper storeys of the
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382:, is believed to have been buried. According to the "Life of Saint Genevieve", written in about 520, he was sent by Pope
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label. It was restored in 1901 by Charles Mutin, and between 1983 and 1987 by Jean-Loup Boisseau and Bertrand Cattiaux.
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made a vow to rebuild the old abbey. The first church mentioned in the chronicles was begun in 754 and completed under
287:, including the sword used for crowning the kings and the royal sceptre, were kept at Saint-Denis between coronations.
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buried elsewhere), as well as a few other monarchs. The remains of the early monarchs were removed from the destroyed
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abbey in Suger's time, were successfully hidden and survive to this day. The jamb figures of the façade representing
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In the 12th century, thanks largely to Suger, the Basilica became a principal sanctuary of French Royalty, rivalling
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2218:, age twenty-three, and was his first organ. It was completed in 1843, and launched his career as an organ-maker.
481::Above all, Eligius fabricated a mausoleum for the holy martyr Denis in the city of Paris with a wonderful marble
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Dagobert also commissioned a new shrine to house the saint's remains, which was created by his chief councillor,
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1718:(1559) followed a similar format; a Roman temple, in this case designed by the celebrated Renaissance architect
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The archeological crypt (8th century) rebuilt by Suger (12th c.), now contains the simple black marble tombs of
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The Sacristy, the room where the clergy traditionally donned their vestments, was transformed by the architect
1775:, verified to be authentic by DNA testing, was placed in a crystal vase and sealed into the wall of the crypt.
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frame, which was to become a dominant feature of the Gothic facades of northern France (soon to be imitated at
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244:, a northern suburb of Paris. The building is of singular importance historically and architecturally as its
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The Treasures of Saint-Denis – scholarly article from 1915 on the important and mostly destroyed treasures
2159:
The choir stalls, the seats reserved for the clergy, have particularly fine carvings, particularly on the
1418:
Ile-de-France, its walls had three levels; large arcades of massive pillars on the ground floor; a narrow
1194:. Only the south tower survives; the north tower was dismantled following a tornado which struck in 1846.
1111:
In December 2016, 170 years after the north tower's dismantlement and following several false starts, the
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level. The upper facades of the two much-enlarged transepts were filled with two spectacular 12m-wide
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Artistic Change at St-Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth Century Controversy over Art
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Suger's masons drew on elements which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture: the
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Detail of the north portal sculpture; the martyrdom of Saint Denis, Eleuthere and Rustique (12th c.)
1719:
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Conrad Rudolph, "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art,"
769:
Reconstruction of the Nave – the Rayonnant style – beginning of the Royal Necropolis (13th century)
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from the 10th century until 1793 have their remains here. The remains of some monarchs, including
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saved many of the monuments by claiming them as artworks for his Museum of French Monuments. The
1559:
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264:
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Timeline events from Plagnieux, Philippe, "La basilique cathédrale de Saint-Denis",(1998), p. 49
3658:
Bruce Watson, Light: A Radiant History from Creation to the Quantum Age. Bloomsbury, 2016, p 52.
703:
Receive, stern Judge, the prayers of your Suger, Let me be mercifully numbered among your sheep.
349:. Although known as the "Basilica of St Denis", the cathedral has not been granted the title of
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Drawing of tomb of Henry II and his wife, showing the Effigies at top and the double tomb below
2221:
It contains numerous innovations introduced in the romantic area, in particular the very first
928:
565:
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334:
248:, completed in 1144, is widely considered the first structure to employ all of the elements of
130:
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Histoire de l'abbaye royale de Saint-Denys en France: Lettre-préf. de M. le Duc de Bauffremont
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1927:, the last king of France, in 1837. This large group of windows was designed by the painter
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4368:(prayer desk), was removed from the sculpture during the French revolution and melted down.
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reopened the church in 1806, but left the royal remains in their mass graves. In 1817 the
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in 632. It soon grew to a community of more than five hundred monks, plus their servants.
8:
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2525:(823–877) (his brass monument was melted down during the Revolution) and his first wife,
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The tombs of the Renaissance expressed are theatrical and varied. The largest is that of
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Gothic style. From the start it appears that Abbot Odo, with the approval of the Regent
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Mammals in the Seas: General papers and large cetaceans. Whaling During the Middle Ages
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or passageway midway up the wall; originally windowless; and a row of high windows the
1218:
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848:—not only in the clerestory but also, perhaps for the first time, in the normally dark
817:
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3989:"French academics at odds over €25m plans to rebuild spire of Basilica of Saint-Denis"
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572:, a nave divided into three sections by two rows of marble columns, a transept, and
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5400:
5395:
4612:
3571:
The Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis from Its Beginnings to the Death of Suger, 475–1151
1161:
Tympanum and lintel of the central portal "Last Judgement (c. 1135, restored 1839)
1066:
900:
During the following centuries, the cathedral was pillaged twice; once during the
240:) is a large former medieval abbey church and present cathedral in the commune of
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Enclopaedia Britannica on-line, "Gothic Architecture", retrieved 23 November 2020
3110:
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913:
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in 1937. The structure altogether was about eighty meters long, with an imposing
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346:
218:
135:
59:
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A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the thirteenth century
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Smarthistory – Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and the Ambulatory at St. Denis
2506:
2305:
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2226:
2172:
2020:
1742:
1622:
1191:
931:", adjoining the north transept of the basilica and containing the tomb of the
387:
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6044:
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4420:. Introd. de Hervé Pinoteau. 1. . – 1973. – 524 S. Paris: Éd. du Palais Royal.
4067:"The Original Buttressing of Abbot Suger's Chevet at the Abbey of Saint-Denis"
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The role of St. Denis as the necropolis of French kings formally began under
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602:
464:
292:
276:
102:
89:
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4244:"Tragic French boy king's heart finds a final resting place after 209 years"
3934:"Basilique Saint-Denis : le chantier de la flèche freiné dans son élan"
3766:
Georgia Sommers Wright, "A Royal Tomb Program in the Reign of St Louis", in
70:
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3962:"Accord définitif de l'Etat : la flèche de la Basilique sera remontée"
3338:
Site of the Basilique-cathédrale de Saint-Denis, retrieved 23 November 2020
3240:
2929:(1729–1765), Dauphin of France (only his heart; his body was buried in the
2472:
2222:
1977:
1210:
1179:
1082:
338:
308:
4581:
3895:"L'affaire de la tour nord : La querelle des anciens et des modernes"
3680:
Stephen Gardner, "Two Campaigns in Suger's Western Block at Saint-Denis",
3669:
Abbot Suger of St. Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth Century France
6217:
5959:
5849:
5747:
5192:
4854:
4798:
Ensemble Scolaire Jean-Baptiste De La Salle - Notre-Dame De La Compassion
4714:
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3558:
Abbot Suger of St.Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth century France
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2439:
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2259:
The cathedral contained an extensive treasury, mainly constituted by the
2016:
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546:
473:
454:
315:
268:
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1400:
The elevation of the nave, with glass-filled triforium and upper windows
757:, the style was introduced to England and spread throughout France, the
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1806:
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1423:
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442:
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visiting the construction site of the Abbey of St. Denis (painted 1473)
419:
391:
300:
260:
256:
147:
4008:"Basilica of Saint-Denis: Newly discovered graves bring back the past"
1614:
in the crypt of the church, behind marble plates bearing their names.
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from The Cloisters Library, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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2008:
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structure and the unusually large size of the stained glass windows.
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457:
434:
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396:
383:
327:
3781:
The Gothic Cathedral: The Architecture of the Great Church 1130–1530
3119:– Removal of the statue-columns installed by Suger on the west front
2376:
1863:
Detail of "Infance of Christ", Suger at the Feet of Christ (12th c.)
790:, where windows fill almost the entire wall, a prominent feature of
636:(top left), or battle flag of French kings, was kept at Saint Denis.
7911:
6571:
5019:
4582:
Website for Basilica of Saint-Denis, Centre des monuments nationaux
3135:
3081:
3036:
2700:(1785–1795) (only his heart; his body was dumped into a mass grave)
2466:
2447:
2214:
competition was held in 1833 to find a new builder. It was won by
1992:
1973:
1886:
1618:
1563:
1250:
North transept (left) and north nave walls and buttresses (19th c.)
584:
569:
403:. These including a royal tomb, that of Aregonde, the wife of King
354:
4388:"Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and the Ambulatory at St. Denis"
4201:
Center for the Study of Material & Visual Cultures of Religion
2462:. Some of the more prominent monarchs buried in the basilica are:
895:
renounces Protestantism in 1593 at Saint-Denis by Nicolas Baullery
6493:
4702:
3225:
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1878:
1810:
1611:
1035:
decorated with richly-carved choir stalls and marquetry from the
845:
742:
718:
284:
196:
4022:"Light returns to the stained glass of the Saint-Denis Basilica"
1725:
In the 19th century, following the restoration of the monarchy,
1050:
to Saint-Denis. The last king to be entombed in Saint-Denis was
7866:
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris
5340:
4644:
4361:
3065:
1851:
Detail from the 12th century Life of Christ window, Axis chapel
1280:
999:
830:
762:
446:
213:
4732:
3168:– The basilica becomes the cathedral of the new department of
2990:(1786–1787), second daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
4960:
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4930:
4212:
4210:
3692:
3690:
3055:
1373:
927:, a large mortuary chapel in the form of a domed colonnaded "
598:
450:
2311:
1960:
Piedroits, or column statues, of the north portal. (12th c.)
656:
from the bishop before going to war (13th c., 1841 painting)
333:
The abbey church became a cathedral on the formation of the
283:. The queens of France were crowned at Saint-Denis, and the
4309:
4307:
4055:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009) Chapters 2–7.
3628:
2168:
1746:
1549:, first King buried at St. Denis remade in the 13th century
1042:
After Napoleon's downfall, the ashes of the previous king,
1013:
The left tower, completed, damaged and removed in the 1840s
707:
573:
487:
4527:. Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux.
4443:, Alain Erlande-Brandenburg, Editions Ouest-France, Rennes
4292:
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4175:
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4134:
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3861:
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3838:
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3687:
3093:– Construction of six chapels along the north side of nave
2078:) flanking the portals (destroyed in 1771 but recorded in
686:
7861:
Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris
4569:
Light: A Radiant History from Creation to the Quantum Age
4282:
4280:
4124:
4122:
4120:
3640:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3162:– The basilica is classified a French historical monument
2742:(1615–1672), Duchess of Orléans and second wife of Gaston
1913:"The visit of King Louis-Philippe to Saint-Denis in 1837"
1190:. It also shared with them a three-storey elevation and
956:
The looting of the church in 1793, by Friedrich Staffnick
4304:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3484:
3350:
3109:– Beginning of the construction of the mausoleum of the
2660:(1551–1589), also King of Poland (heart burial monument)
1566:(465–511), were moved to St. Denis from other churches.
490:, and it is the greatest wonder of all to this very day.
4222:
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4158:
4146:
4105:
4028:
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3858:
3835:
3724:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
3702:
3595:
2917:(1727–1752), daughter of Louis XV and twin of the above
267:, including nearly every king from the 10th century to
7955:
12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
4277:
4117:
3576:
3511:
3457:
3367:
3365:
3125:– Final office celebrated by the monks, following the
449:(reigned 628 to 637), transformed the church into the
322:
building. In the following century the master-builder
4360:
Knecht, 227. Henry's gesture is now unclear, since a
3823:
3607:
968:
The violation of the royal tombs in 1793 depicted by
942:
4327:
Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals
1046:, were ceremoniously moved from the cemetery of the
3414:
A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method
3362:
1274:
South side of the nave, with buttresses and chapels
1186:Norman-Romanesque façades of the abbey churches of
7856:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris
4242:
4071:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
3925:
3806:Images of Medieval Art and Architecture – Félibien
541:During his second coronation at Saint-Denis, King
4197:"The Revolutionary Exhumations at St-Denis, 1793"
3734:
3074:– Reconstruction of the upper chevet and the nave
1313:Sculpture of the Porte de Valois, or north portal
7941:
1574:disambulatory connected with radiating chapels.
1429:
585:Suger and the Early Gothic Church (12th century)
8030:Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux
3393:
3391:
2996:Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne
2285:Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
1238:The apse, or east end of the cathedral, in 1878
4390:. Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Archived from
2815:(1660–1690), Dauphine of France, wife of Louis
2586:(1227–1285), an effigy covers his heart burial
1759:, church monuments that had been taken to the
1065:, the primary opera house of Paris before the
620:visiting St. Denis (14th century illustration)
437:visiting Saint Denis (painted in 15th c.)
326:rebuilt the nave and the transepts in the new
8035:Burial sites of the House of Bourbon (France)
8010:Burial sites of the House of Valois-AngoulĂŞme
7098:
7084:
6737:
5035:
4748:
4660:
4475:. Thames and Hudson (in English and French).
3887:
3478:Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Denys en France
3437:
3435:
3182:is transferred to the chapel of the Bourbons.
2868:Louis of France (1704–1705), Duke of Brittany
2710:
275:came to Saint-Denis formally to renounce his
5381:Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge
4460:, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
4423:
3634:
3388:
3152:– Collapse of Debret's rebuilt north spire.
3039:, first King to have sepulchre in the church
2839:(1668–1671), Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV
2234:
1805:, which originally had been commissioned by
1000:19th century – reconstruction and renovation
524:Capital of a column in the Carolingian crypt
235:
51:
8015:Burial sites of the House of Valois-Orléans
6993:Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery
4195:Lindsay, Suzanne Glover (18 October 2014).
3398:Catholic Encyclopedia: Abbey of Saint-Denis
1839:"Infance of Christ", (12th c., Axis chapel)
1763:were returned to the church. The corpse of
1533:Carolingian decoration from the early crypt
806:Rayonnant rose window in the north transept
7950:Buildings and structures completed in 1144
7091:
7077:
7008:Lafayette Escadrille Cemetery and Memorial
6983:Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial
6744:
6730:
5461:Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
5042:
5028:
4755:
4741:
4667:
4653:
4470:
4313:
4190:
4188:
3432:
1299:
1088:
69:
8005:Burial sites of the House of Valois-Anjou
7313:Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges
7053:St. Mihiel American Cemetery and Memorial
7028:Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial
4522:
4298:
4286:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4179:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4111:
4039:
3919:
3881:
3869:
3852:
3829:
3817:
3794:The Thirteenth century Church at St-Denis
3708:
3696:
3601:
3589:
3517:
3490:
3463:
3300:
2988:Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France
2717:Blanche of France (daughter of Philip IV)
494:
6751:
4824:École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière
4819:Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis
4587:Map of the tombs in Saint-Denis Basilica
4457:Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: a symposium
4241:Broughton, Philip Delves (7 June 2004).
2998:(1611–1675), Maréchal General de France.
2734:Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier
2397:
2386:
2375:
2360:
2352:
2333:
2310:
2299:
2288:
1500:
1479:The axial chapel of the Virgin (12th c.)
708:Second Phase: the new choir, (1140–1144)
8040:Burial sites of the Merovingian dynasty
7058:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
7023:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial
7013:Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial
6998:Brittany American Cemetery and Memorial
6462:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
4337:
4335:
4194:
4185:
4064:
3968:(in French). Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme
3954:
3931:
3901:(in French). Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme
3770:, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Jun 1974) pp. 224–243
3475:
3156:becomes chief architect of restoration.
2897:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon (1714)
2894:Charles d'Alençon(1713) Duke of Alençon
2845:(1672), Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV
1737:brought to St. Denis. The body of the
1224:
687:First Phase: the west front (1135–1140)
477:of Saint Eligius describes the shrine:
14:
8000:Burial sites of the House of Champagne
7980:Monuments historiques of ĂŽle-de-France
7942:
4803:Collège et lycée Saint-Vincent de Paul
4613:Saint-Denis, a town in the Middle Ages
4548:
4525:La basilique cathédrale de Saint-Denis
4380:
3671:, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 1998
3646:
3622:
3529:
3356:
3134:– Beginning of restoration ordered by
3045:– New church dedicated in presence of
1901:"Kings and Queens of France" (19th c.)
1598:of England were likewise removed from
1596:bodies of several Plantagenet monarchs
1039:. (See "Choir Stalls" section below).
794:Gothic. (present windows from 19th c.)
508:Walls of the crypt built by the Abbot
7179:Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron
7072:
7003:Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial
6725:
5371:Musée national des Monuments Français
5291:Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
5023:
4736:
4648:
4626:Photos of the windows at the Basilica
4503:
4005:
3371:
3143:– New restoration begun by architect
2937:Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain
2790:Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
2763:(1652–1656), Mademoiselle de Chartres
1820:
1355:
761:, Germany, Spain, northern Italy and
556:According to one of the Abbey's many
7831:Diocese of Saint-Denis de La RĂ©union
7048:Somme American Cemetery and Memorial
7043:Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial
6701:List of tourist attractions in Paris
5376:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
5049:
4631:history and pictures of the Basilica
4571:, (London and NY: Bloomsbury, 2016).
4348:, Ministère français de la Culture.
4332:
4265:from the original on 12 January 2022
3986:
3932:Bourdon, Gwenaël (30 January 2017).
3384:A grave from the exterior necropolis
3295:List of tourist attractions in Paris
3280:Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre
2792:(1652–1722), second wife of Philippe
2275:), a cross, and liturgical objects.
2196:The organ of the cathedral (19th c.)
1337:Detail of the south portal sculpture
1073:Debret resigned and was replaced by
977:store grain and flour. In 1793, the
863:
8020:Burial sites of the House of Valois
7995:Burial sites of the House of Albret
7990:Burial sites of the House of Évreux
7965:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France
5266:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
3966:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis
3899:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis
3748:
3290:French Gothic stained glass windows
3285:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe
2786:(1644–1670), first wife of Philippe
2594:Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France
2338:At top are Effigies on the tomb of
1291:to support the large chapel windows
1102:West portals before cleaning (2011)
374:The cathedral is on the site where
237:Basilique-cathédrale de Saint-Denis
24:
7492:Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes
6988:BĂ©ny-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery
3684:, Vol.44, part 4, 1984, pp. 574–87
3103:commissions his tomb in the church
2971:(1737–1787), daughter of Louis XV,
2891:Na (not baptized) d'Alençon (1711)
2833:(1667–1672), daughter of Louis XIV
2800:(1638–1683), consort of Louis XIV
2780:(1640–1701), brother of Louis XIV
2438:were buried in the basilica (with
943:The French Revolution and Napoleon
32:St. Denis' Church (disambiguation)
25:
8051:
7970:Benedictine monasteries in France
6457:MĂ©morial de la France combattante
6172:Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge
5271:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
4639:The Sumner McKnight Crosby Papers
4575:
4551:A History of Western Architecture
2965:(1734–1782), daughter of Louis XV
2959:(1733–1799), daughter of Louis XV
2953:(1732–1800), daughter of Louis XV
2951:Princess Marie Adélaïde of France
2923:(1728–1733), daughter of Louis XV
2905:(1703–1768), consort of Louis XV
2819:Princess Anne Élisabeth of France
2773:Charles I of Scotland and England
2563:(1120–1180) and his second wife,
1173:The west front after its cleaning
1135:
1119:("Follow the Spire"), chaired by
904:(1337–1453) and again during the
369:
7922:
7910:
7441:Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes
7038:Orry-la-Ville Dutch War Cemetery
6957:Protestant Cemetery, Montpellier
6905:
6376:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4939:
4929:
4924:
4793:Lycée d’application de l’E.N.N.A
4674:
4618:Photos of tombs and the Basilica
4608:Satellite image from Google Maps
3313:
3233:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3020:– Construction of first basilica
2939:(1726–1746), first wife of above
2886:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans
2865:(1685–1712), Duchess of Burgundy
2592:(1245–1285) and his first wife,
2263:. It contained crowns (those of
2201:
2189:
2144:
2128:
2116:
2093:Above the doorways, the central
2057:
2042:
2027:
2000:
1984:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1931:, the brother of the architect.
1906:
1894:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1825:
1815:Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1785:
1679:
1659:
1639:
1538:
1526:
1507:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1362:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1095:
1018:
1006:
961:
949:
885:
870:
799:
775:
641:
625:
610:
591:
536:Earliest sarcophogi in the crypt
529:
517:
501:
427:
412:
7018:Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery
6967:Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice
5361:Musée national Eugène Delacroix
4762:
4508:. Éditions Jean-Paul Gesserot.
4448:
4371:
4354:
4319:
4234:
4058:
4045:
4014:
3999:
3987:Sage, Adam (16 November 2021).
3980:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3714:
3674:
3661:
3652:
3563:
3550:
3523:
3496:
3469:
2975:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
2837:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
2541:(972–1031) and his third wife,
2109:
939:, which still is in operation.
735:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
341:in 1966 and is the seat of the
255:The basilica became a place of
232:Basilique royale de Saint-Denis
27:Basilica in Saint-Denis, France
8025:Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis
7836:Military Ordinariate of France
7400:Diocese of Carcassone-Narbonne
7349:Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence
7128:Diocese of Belfort–Montbéliard
5880:Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall
4454:Gerson, Paula Lieber. (1986).
3808:, archived on 2 December 2009.
3536:. Food & Agriculture Org.
3507:on-line at Medieval Sourcebook
3420:
3402:
3377:
3341:
3332:
3270:Gothic cathedrals and churches
2859:(1682–1712), Duke of Burgundy
2813:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
2722:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
2402:(From left clockwise) Gisants
2208:Detail of the organ decoration
2034:Ementrude of Orleans, wife of
1602:during the French Revolution.
1325:The south portal and sculpture
916:(later demolished). A plan of
295:purchased some land and built
13:
1:
7960:Churches in Seine-Saint-Denis
7748:Archdiocese of Fort-de-France
7109:Bishops' Conference of France
7033:Orglandes German war cemetery
6952:Protestant Cemetery, Bordeaux
6504:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
6474:Musée de l'air et de l'espace
5416:Palais de la LĂ©gion d'Honneur
5366:Musée national Gustave Moreau
4771:Primary and secondary schools
4024:. France 24. 3 February 2023.
4006:Morin, Hervé (9 April 2023).
3573:, Yale University Press, 1987
3443:"Saint Denis Cathedral spire"
3326:
3254:List of abbots of Saint-Denis
2911:(1727–1759), Duchess of Parma
2888:(1695–1719), Duchess of Berry
2874:(1707–1712), Duke of Brittany
2853:(1674–1723), Regent of France
2827:(1664), daughter of Louis XIV
2825:Princess Marie Anne of France
2821:(1662), daughter of Louis XIV
2784:Princess Henrietta of England
2730:(1608–1660), son of Henry IV
1792:The Sacristy, rebuilt in 1812
1745:. During Napoleon's exile in
1430:The disambulatory and chapels
917:
39:Church in Saint-Denis, France
7985:Gothic architecture in Paris
7800:Diocese of Wallis and Futuna
7696:Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes
6532:Bastille Day military parade
6030:Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré
5496:Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle
5421:Musée de la Légion d'honneur
5356:Musée National d'Art Moderne
5296:Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
5072:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
4988:Battle of Saint-Denis (1567)
4523:Plagnieux, Philippe (1998).
4506:Dictionnaire des Cathédrales
3241:Fulrad, Abbot of Saint-Denis
2851:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
2724:(1607–1611), son of Henry IV
2618:Charles VIII, King of France
2090:, made about the same time.
2064:Battle scene on the tomb of
1934:
1262:The Rayonnant south transept
263:containing the tombs of the
234:, now formally known as the
178:; 889 years ago
7:
7975:Basilica churches in France
5551:Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais
4993:November 2015 Paris attacks
4937:Stade de France–Saint-Denis
4471:Martindale, Andrew (1967).
3783:, Thames & Hudson, 1992
3258:
3002:
2957:Princess Victoire of France
2882:(1686–1714), Duke of Berry
2778:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
2757:(1650–1652), Duke of Valois
2746:Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans
2736:(1605–1627), wife of Gaston
2612:Charles VII, King of France
2248:
1778:
1350:
1130:
299:. In 636, on the orders of
10:
8056:
7887:Apostolic Nuncio to France
7395:Archdiocese of Montpellier
7205:Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay
6248:Porte de La Chapelle Arena
5571:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
5446:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
5428:Musée de la Vie romantique
4894:Saint-Denis–Porte de Paris
4409:
4065:Stanley, David J. (2006).
3722:The Visual Arts: A History
3720:H. Honour and J. Fleming,
3251:
3186:
2977:(1781–1789), first son of
2947:(1730–1733), Duke of Anjou
2931:Cathedral of Saint-Étienne
2909:Louise Élisabeth of France
2711:Other royalty and nobility
2282:
2278:
2252:
2123:The choir stalls (16th c.)
1761:Museum of French Monuments
1703:(died 1515) and his wife,
1443:The ambulatory (1140–1144)
1412:The vaults in the transept
983:Museum of French Monuments
364:
297:Saint-Denys de la Chapelle
75:West façade of Saint-Denis
29:
7905:
7892:France–Holy See relations
7874:
7844:
7821:Archdiocese of Strasbourg
7813:
7787:
7766:
7740:
7704:
7653:
7612:
7556:
7510:
7474:
7423:
7415:Diocese of Perpignan–Elne
7387:
7336:
7285:
7259:
7223:
7192:
7156:
7115:
7106:
7100:Catholic Church in France
6975:
6962:Jewish cemetery, Besançon
6914:
6903:
6882:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois
6759:
6693:
6580:
6522:
6336:
6291:
6263:Stade Pierre de Coubertin
6210:
6113:
5758:Boulevard de la Madeleine
5731:
5619:
5546:Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois
5436:
5286:Musée des Arts et Métiers
5281:Musée des Arts décoratifs
5230:
5057:
5001:
4980:
4922:La Plaine Stade de France
4907:
4868:
4845:Musée Bouilhet-Christofle
4832:
4812:Colleges and universities
4811:
4770:
4680:
4427:Lives of the Irish saints
3312:
3307:
3265:Early Gothic architecture
3247:
3035:– Further enlargement by
2969:Princess Louise of France
2963:Princess Sophie of France
2769:Henrietta Maria of France
2654:(1550–1574) (no monument)
2233:, it is protected by the
1883:pilgrimage of Charlemagne
1767:, who had been buried at
1467:Disambulatory and chapels
1077:, who had the support of
877:The cathedral in 1655 by
786:(center level) and upper
345:, currently (since 2009)
314:In the 12th century, the
212:
207:
195:
190:
170:
158:
153:
141:
129:
118:
84:
80:
68:
49:
44:
7369:Diocese of Fréjus–Toulon
7344:Archdiocese of Marseille
7318:Diocese of Saint-Étienne
6942:Marseille (Saint-Pierre)
6479:Musée Fragonard d'Alfort
6440:Walt Disney Studios Park
6361:Château de Fontainebleau
6273:Stade Sébastien Charléty
6228:Halle Georges Carpentier
6202:Coulée verte René-Dumont
6177:Parc des Buttes Chaumont
6020:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
5561:Saint-Jean de Montmartre
5506:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
5311:Musée de la Cinémathèque
5276:Louis Vuitton Foundation
4879:Basilique de Saint-Denis
4416:FĂ©libien, Michel. 1973.
4051:William Chester Jordan,
3569:Sumner McKnight Crosby,
3064:– Reconstruction of the
2843:Louis François of France
2519:(born 710–727, died 783)
2515:(714–768) and his wife,
2429:
2182:
7814:Directly under Holy See
7661:Archdiocese of Toulouse
7599:Diocese of Saint-Brieuc
7482:Archdiocese of Poitiers
7388:Province of Montpellier
7298:Archdiocese of Chambéry
7200:Archdiocese of Clermont
7174:Diocese of Aire and Dax
7164:Archdiocese of Bordeaux
7138:Diocese of Saint-Claude
7123:Archdiocese of Besançon
6346:Basilica of Saint-Denis
6157:Parc Clichy-Batignolles
5763:Boulevard de SĂ©bastopol
4850:Basilica of Saint-Denis
4721:Basilica of Saint-Denis
4504:Lours, Mathieu (2018).
4424:O'Hanlon, John (1873),
3530:DeSmet, W.M.A. (1981).
3058:is Abbot of Saint-Denis
3026:– Basilica enlarged by
2863:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
2831:Marie Thérèse of France
2728:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
2255:Treasury of Saint-Denis
2015:, sculptures (1830) by
1300:North and south portals
1289:Saint-Martin-des-Champs
1089:20th and 21st centuries
820:and her son, the young
721:, and held her relics.
228:Basilica of Saint-Denis
45:Basilica of Saint-Denis
7917:Catholicism portal
7774:Archdiocese of Papeete
7753:Diocese of Basse-Terre
7741:Province of Martinique
7717:Archdiocese of Bourges
7461:Diocese of Saint-Denis
7354:Archdiocese of Avignon
7272:Archdiocese of Cambrai
7215:Diocese of Saint-Flour
6423:Paris La DĂ©fense Arena
6371:Château de Rambouillet
6314:Père Lachaise Cemetery
6278:VĂ©lodrome de Vincennes
6128:Jardin d'Acclimatation
6095:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
5875:Place de la RĂ©publique
5566:Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
5541:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
5336:Musée Jacquemart-André
5251:Bibliothèque nationale
4899:Saint-Denis-Université
4553:. Barrie and Jenkins.
4549:Watkin, David (1986).
3301:References and sources
3228:over the main entrance
3212:The clerestory windows
3084:inaugurates the royal
2798:Maria Theresa of Spain
2750:la Grande Mademoiselle
2740:Marguerite of Lorraine
2608:(1342–1393) (cenotaph)
2606:Leo V, King of Armenia
2426:
2395:
2384:
2373:
2358:
2350:
2331:
2308:
2297:
2235:
2216:Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
2135:Detail of carving and
1025:The two-tower plan of
923:by FĂ©libien shows the
705:
566:Sumner McKnight Crosby
495:The Carolingian church
492:
471:by training. An early
335:Diocese of Saint-Denis
236:
231:
52:
7848:for Eastern Catholics
7795:Archdiocese of Nouméa
7564:Archdiocese of Rennes
7466:Diocese of Versailles
7374:Diocese of Gap-Embrun
7337:Province of Marseille
7308:Diocese of Belley–Ars
6932:Lyon (La Guillotière)
6927:Grenoble (Saint Roch)
6685:World Heritage Centre
6675:Paris Zoological Park
6390:Gardens of Versailles
6304:Montparnasse Cemetery
6182:Parc Georges-Brassens
5985:Rue de la Ferronnerie
5586:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
5536:Saint-François-Xavier
5526:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
5501:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
5481:Synagogue de Nazareth
5346:Musée Marmottan Monet
5331:Maison de Victor Hugo
5188:Philharmonie de Paris
4441:Saint-Denis Cathedral
3505:, edited by Levison,
3476:Doublet, Dom (1625).
3154:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
2771:(1609–1669), wife of
2755:Jean Gaston d'Orléans
2527:Ermentrude of Orléans
2460:Abbey of St Genevieve
2401:
2390:
2379:
2364:
2356:
2337:
2314:
2303:
2292:
1871:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1501:Crypt and royal tombs
1075:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1027:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
701:
479:
343:Bishop of Saint-Denis
271:in the 19th century.
53:Basilique Saint-Denis
7882:Cathedrals in France
7805:Diocese of Port-Vila
7712:Archdiocese of Tours
7681:Diocese of Montauban
7654:Province of Toulouse
7630:Diocese of Coutances
7620:Archdiocese of Rouen
7518:Archdiocese of Reims
7487:Diocese of AngoulĂŞme
7475:Province of Poitiers
7431:Archdiocese of Paris
7267:Archdiocese of Lille
7231:Archdiocese of Dijon
7193:Province of Clermont
7184:Diocese of PĂ©rigueux
7157:Province of Bordeaux
7143:Diocese of Saint-Dié
7116:Province of Besançon
6753:Cemeteries in France
6658:Montmartre Funicular
6638:Moulin de la Galette
6408:Château de Vincennes
6366:Château de Malmaison
6356:Château de Chantilly
6283:Vincennes Hippodrome
6233:Longchamp Hippodrome
6147:Jardin du Luxembourg
5885:Place des États-Unis
5865:Place de la Concorde
5860:Place de la Bastille
5406:Musée du Quai Branly
5386:Musée de l'Orangerie
3792:Caroline Bruzelius,
3779:Christopher Wilson,
3445:. Paris Digest. 2019
3068:with Gothic features
2761:Marie Anne d'Orléans
2640:Catherine de' Medici
2590:Philip III of France
2565:Constance of Castile
2434:All but five of the
2404:Bertrand du Guesclin
2371:Catherine de' Medici
2344:Catherine de' Medici
2036:Charles II of France
1929:Jean-Baptiste Debret
1889:, have disappeared.
1627:Constance of Castile
1577:During the reign of
1225:Chevet and transepts
668:and then of his son
103:48.93556°N 2.35972°E
30:For other uses, see
18:Saint Denis Basilica
7767:Province of Papeete
7727:Diocese of Chartres
7671:Archdiocese of Auch
7666:Archdiocese of Albi
7640:Diocese of Le Havre
7543:Diocese of Soissons
7528:Diocese of Beauvais
7456:Diocese of Pontoise
7451:Diocese of Nanterre
7293:Archdiocese of Lyon
7236:Archdiocese of Sens
6489:Parc de Saint-Cloud
6299:Montmartre Cemetery
6268:Stade Roland Garros
6105:Viaduc d'Austerlitz
5995:Rue de la Sourdière
5895:Place des Victoires
5890:Place des Pyramides
5620:HĂ´tels particuliers
5491:Notre-Dame de Paris
5466:Chapelle expiatoire
5438:Religious buildings
5351:Musée de Montmartre
4709:Basilica of Superga
4600:Magazine: Diaporama
3649:, pp. 126–127.
3480:. pp. 164–165.
3427:Basilicas of France
3359:, pp. 126–128.
3200:The choir at sunset
3101:Charles V of France
2915:Henriette of France
2630:Francis I of France
2624:Louis XII of France
2600:Philip IV of France
2584:Charles I of Naples
2571:Philip II of France
2561:Louis VII of France
2539:Robert II of France
2294:Charles I of Naples
2237:Monument historique
2139:of the choir stalls
2051:Charles V of France
1729:had the remains of
1716:Catherine de Medici
1668:Catherine de Medici
1629:, Pepin the Short,
1113:Ministry of Culture
979:National Convention
858:Pierre de Montreuil
692:first floor level.
650:Philip II of France
324:Pierre de Montreuil
279:faith and become a
250:Gothic architecture
99: /
7788:Province of Noumea
7779:Diocese of Taiohae
7758:Diocese of Cayenne
7732:Diocese of Orléans
7686:Diocese of Pamiers
7594:Diocese of Quimper
7579:Diocese of Le Mans
7557:Province of Rennes
7538:Diocese of Langres
7533:Diocese of Châlons
7497:Diocese of Limoges
7436:Diocese of Créteil
7359:Diocese of Ajaccio
7328:Diocese of Viviers
7323:Diocese of Valence
7210:Diocese of Moulins
6947:Reims (Saint-Remi)
6922:Cannes (Grand Jas)
6618:Fountains in Paris
6603:Café des 2 Moulins
6557:Paris Fashion Week
6542:FĂŞte de la Musique
6524:Culture and events
6452:Fort Mont-Valérien
6320:Oscar Wilde's tomb
6223:Auteuil Hippodrome
6162:Parc de Belleville
6152:Parc André-Citroën
6000:Rue de Montmorency
5940:Pont de Bir-Hakeim
5930:Pont Alexandre III
5920:Place Saint-Michel
5905:Place du Carrousel
5870:Place de la Nation
5793:Galerie VĂ©ro-Dodat
5773:Canal Saint-Martin
5556:Tour Saint-Jacques
5451:American Cathedral
5212:Porte Saint-Martin
5141:Institut de France
4889:Saint-Denis–Pleyel
4394:on 3 November 2014
4203:. Yale University.
2945:Philippe of France
2578:Louis IX of France
2555:Louis VI of France
2543:Constance of Arles
2427:
2412:Isabeau of Bavaria
2396:
2385:
2374:
2367:Henry II of France
2359:
2351:
2332:
2309:
2298:
2273:Henry IV of France
2243:Pierre Pincemaille
2165:Chateau de Gaillon
2088:Chartres Cathedral
1821:Art and decoration
1712:Henry II of France
1672:Henry II of France
1604:Napoleon Bonaparte
1590:. Preservationist
1560:monarchs of France
1388:The nave and choir
1356:The nave and choir
1221:and many others).
1219:Chartres Cathedral
1037:Château de Gaillon
893:Henry IV of France
826:Matthew of VendĂ´me
818:Blanche of Castile
618:Louis VI of France
551:Cotentin Peninsula
453:of Saint Denis, a
386:to evangelise the
273:Henry IV of France
7937:
7936:
7929:France portal
7705:Province of Tours
7676:Diocese of Cahors
7635:Diocese of Évreux
7625:Diocese of Bayeux
7613:Province of Rouen
7604:Diocese of Vannes
7589:Diocese of Nantes
7569:Diocese of Angers
7548:Diocese of Troyes
7523:Diocese of Amiens
7511:Province of Reims
7424:Province of Paris
7303:Diocese of Annecy
7260:Province of Lille
7251:Mission de France
7246:Diocese of Nevers
7224:Province of Dijon
7148:Diocese of Verdun
7066:
7065:
6887:Sainte-Marguerite
6832:Neuilly-sur-Seine
6719:
6718:
6680:Pyramide inversée
6381:Château de Sceaux
6338:RĂ©gion parisienne
6135:Bois de Vincennes
6115:Parks and gardens
5910:Place du Châtelet
5743:Avenue de l'Opéra
5732:Bridges, streets,
5716:Palais de la Cité
5711:Palais de Justice
5694:Luxembourg Palace
5659:HĂ´tel de Pontalba
5654:HĂ´tel de la PaĂŻva
5634:HĂ´tel de Beauvais
5316:Musée Cognacq-Jay
5222:Tour Montparnasse
5207:Porte Saint-Denis
5127:Gare Saint-Lazare
5122:Gare Montparnasse
5102:Gare d'Austerlitz
5017:
5016:
4783:Lycée Paul Éluard
4730:
4729:
4703:Oplenac mausoleum
4545:93 (2011) 399–422
4500:33 (2010) 568–595
4301:, pp. 19–21.
4219:, pp. 42–43.
4143:, pp. 11–15.
3922:, pp. 22–23.
3820:, pp. 16–17.
3796:, New Haven, 1985
3699:, pp. 10–11.
3409:Banister Fletcher
3324:
3323:
3275:Cathedral diagram
3224:Depiction of the
3170:Seine-Saint-Denis
3127:French Revolution
2903:Marie Leszczyńska
2880:Charles of France
2549:Henry I of France
2424:Jeanne de Bourbon
2416:Louis de Sancerre
2382:Leon V of Armenia
2099:Christ in Majesty
2007:Memorial to King
1799:Jacques Cellerier
1608:restored Bourbons
1583:French Revolution
1285:flying buttresses
1207:Passion of Christ
1121:Patrick Braouezec
1063:Salle Le Peletier
902:Hundred Years War
879:Claude Chastillon
864:15th–17th century
224:
223:
108:48.93556; 2.35972
16:(Redirected from
8047:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7915:
7914:
7722:Diocese of Blois
7691:Diocese of Rodez
7584:Diocese of Luçon
7574:Diocese of Laval
7502:Diocese of Tulle
7446:Diocese of Meaux
7410:Diocese of Nîmes
7405:Diocese of Mende
7364:Diocese of Digne
7286:Province of Lyon
7277:Diocese of Arras
7241:Diocese of Autun
7133:Diocese of Nancy
7093:
7086:
7079:
7070:
7069:
6909:
6807:Levallois-Perret
6746:
6739:
6732:
6723:
6722:
6567:Republican Guard
6469:France Miniature
6430:Disneyland Paris
6400:, including the
6351:Château d'Écouen
6253:Stade Jean Bouin
6238:Parc des Princes
6197:Tuileries Garden
6123:Bois de Boulogne
6080:Rue Saint-Honoré
6025:Rue des Lombards
6015:Rue de Vaugirard
6005:Rue de Richelieu
5980:Rue d'Argenteuil
5900:Place des Vosges
5808:Galerie Vivienne
5788:Covered passages
5768:Canal de l'Ourcq
5699:Petit Luxembourg
5669:HĂ´tel de Soubise
5644:HĂ´tel de Crillon
5639:HĂ´tel de Charost
5606:Temple du Marais
5301:Maison de Balzac
5199:Flame of Liberty
5077:Arènes de Lutèce
5051:Tourism in Paris
5044:
5037:
5030:
5021:
5020:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4928:
4884:Carrefour Pleyel
4757:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4733:
4717:(United Kingdom)
4669:
4662:
4655:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4622:
4604:
4564:
4538:
4519:
4489:Conrad Rudolph,
4486:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4369:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4330:
4329:, Berkeley, 1992
4323:
4317:
4311:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4246:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4192:
4183:
4177:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4083:10.2307/25068292
4062:
4056:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3856:
3850:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3768:The Art Bulletin
3764:
3758:
3756:The Gothic World
3752:
3746:
3738:
3732:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3406:
3400:
3395:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3317:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3237:
3221:
3209:
3197:
2983:Marie Antoinette
2921:Louise of France
2808:le Grand Dauphin
2692:Marie Antoinette
2690:(1754–1793) and
2638:(1519–1559) and
2523:Charles the Bald
2517:Bertrada of Laon
2456:Louis Philippe I
2240:
2205:
2193:
2154:on a choir stall
2148:
2132:
2120:
2097:was carved with
2061:
2046:
2031:
2013:Marie Antoinette
2004:
1988:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1925:Louis Philippe I
1910:
1898:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1789:
1735:Marie-Antoinette
1710:The monument to
1705:Anne of Brittany
1683:
1663:
1652:Anne de Bretagne
1643:
1631:Robert the Pious
1600:Fontevraud Abbey
1592:Alexandre Lenoir
1588:Marie Antoinette
1542:
1530:
1520:Marie-Antoinette
1511:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1366:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1117:Suivez la flèche
1099:
1022:
1010:
965:
953:
937:Legion of Honour
922:
919:
910:Marie de' Medici
906:Wars of Religion
889:
874:
842:Rayonnant Gothic
803:
779:
645:
629:
614:
605:window (19th c.)
601:depicted in the
595:
558:foundation myths
533:
521:
505:
431:
416:
303:, the relics of
239:
186:
184:
179:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
73:
63:
55:
42:
41:
21:
8055:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8044:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7923:
7921:
7909:
7901:
7897:Former dioceses
7870:
7847:
7840:
7826:Diocese of Metz
7809:
7783:
7762:
7736:
7700:
7649:
7645:Diocese of SĂ©ez
7608:
7552:
7506:
7470:
7419:
7383:
7379:Diocese of Nice
7332:
7281:
7255:
7219:
7188:
7169:Diocese of Agen
7152:
7111:
7102:
7097:
7067:
7062:
6971:
6910:
6901:
6760:Parisian region
6755:
6750:
6720:
6715:
6689:
6628:Les Deux Magots
6598:Bateaux Mouches
6576:
6518:
6514:Vaux-le-Vicomte
6509:Stade de France
6435:Disneyland Park
6332:
6328:Picpus Cemetery
6287:
6243:Piscine Molitor
6206:
6192:Parc Montsouris
6109:
6090:Rue Sainte-Anne
6085:Rue Saint-Denis
6075:Rue des Rosiers
6070:Rue Pastourelle
6050:Rue Montorgueil
5975:Rue Charlemagne
5915:Place du Tertre
5753:Avenue George V
5735:
5733:
5727:
5649:Hôtel d'Estrées
5621:
5615:
5596:Sainte-Clotilde
5591:Sainte-Chapelle
5476:Grand Synagogue
5456:American Church
5432:
5341:Musée du Louvre
5306:Musée Bourdelle
5261:Centre Pompidou
5234:
5226:
5067:Arc de Triomphe
5053:
5048:
5018:
5013:
5009:Le Franc-Moisin
4997:
4976:
4903:
4864:
4840:Stade de France
4828:
4807:
4778:Lycée Bartholdi
4766:
4761:
4731:
4726:
4685:Palatinal Crypt
4676:
4673:
4633:
4620:
4602:
4578:
4567:Watson, Bruce,
4561:
4535:
4516:
4483:
4451:
4446:
4432:
4430:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4364:, resting on a
4359:
4355:
4349:
4340:
4333:
4324:
4320:
4314:Martindale 1967
4312:
4305:
4297:
4293:
4285:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4250:Daily Telegraph
4239:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4215:
4208:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4063:
4059:
4050:
4046:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4004:
4000:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3859:
3851:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3735:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3577:
3568:
3564:
3560:, Longman, 1998
3555:
3551:
3544:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3503:Vita S. Eligius
3501:
3497:
3493:, pp. 2–3.
3489:
3485:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3314:
3308:External videos
3303:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3210:
3201:
3198:
3189:
3178:– The heart of
3145:François Debret
3028:Saint Genevieve
3011:– Martyrdom of
3005:
2927:Louis of France
2872:Louis of France
2857:Louis of France
2804:Louis of France
2713:
2513:Pepin the Short
2487:(third wife of
2436:kings of France
2432:
2318:in background,
2287:
2281:
2257:
2251:
2209:
2206:
2197:
2194:
2185:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2121:
2112:
2069:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2005:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1920:François Debret
1914:
1911:
1902:
1899:
1864:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1837:
1828:
1823:
1793:
1790:
1781:
1695:
1692:Pierre Bontemps
1686:Funeral urn of
1684:
1675:
1664:
1655:
1644:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1522:
1512:
1503:
1480:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1456:
1453:
1444:
1441:
1432:
1413:
1410:
1401:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1377:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1338:
1335:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1275:
1272:
1263:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1192:flanking towers
1174:
1171:
1162:
1159:
1150:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1125:Guédelon Castle
1103:
1100:
1091:
1079:Prosper Mérimée
1059:François Debret
1030:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1002:
972:
966:
957:
954:
945:
920:
896:
890:
881:
875:
866:
807:
804:
795:
780:
771:
755:Angevin dynasty
710:
689:
677:Reims Cathedral
657:
646:
637:
630:
621:
615:
606:
596:
587:
543:Pepin the Short
537:
534:
525:
522:
513:
506:
497:
438:
432:
423:
417:
401:Saint Genevieve
380:bishop of Paris
372:
367:
347:Pascal Delannoy
265:kings of France
219:Pascal Delannoy
182:
180:
177:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
76:
64:
57:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8053:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7919:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7889:
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7708:
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7609:
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7554:
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7407:
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7371:
7366:
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7351:
7346:
7340:
7338:
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7305:
7300:
7295:
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7280:
7279:
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7269:
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7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
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7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6977:
6976:War cemeteries
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6937:Lyon (Loyasse)
6934:
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6809:
6804:
6799:
6797:Holy Innocents
6794:
6789:
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6779:
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6769:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6749:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6726:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6711:Paris syndrome
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6670:Paris syndrome
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6613:Folies Bergère
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6588:Axe historique
6584:
6582:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Paris Air Show
6549:
6544:
6539:
6537:Dîner en Blanc
6534:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6499:La Roche-Guyon
6496:
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6476:
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6466:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6449:
6444:
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6405:
6402:Fresh pavilion
6383:
6378:
6373:
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6358:
6353:
6348:
6342:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6311:
6309:Passy Cemetery
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6258:Stade Pershing
6255:
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6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
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6214:
6212:
6208:
6207:
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6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5990:Rue de la Paix
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5955:Port du Louvre
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5855:Place Dauphine
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5785:
5783:Champs-Élysées
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5734:areas, squares
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5708:
5706:Palais Bourbon
5703:
5702:
5701:
5691:
5689:HĂ´tel Matignon
5686:
5681:
5679:HĂ´tel de Ville
5676:
5674:HĂ´tel de Sully
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5601:Sainte-Trinité
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5531:Saint-Eustache
5528:
5523:
5521:Saint-Augustin
5518:
5516:Saint Ambroise
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5442:
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5408:
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5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:Opéra Bastille
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Louvre Pyramid
5155:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4949:
4934:
4918:
4916:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4860:Cité du Cinéma
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4691:Imperial Crypt
4688:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4577:
4576:External links
4574:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4559:
4546:
4539:
4534:978-2757702246
4533:
4520:
4515:978-2755807653
4514:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4481:
4468:
4466:978-0870994081
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4421:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4379:
4370:
4353:
4331:
4318:
4303:
4299:Plagnieux 1998
4291:
4287:Plagnieux 1998
4276:
4253:. London, UK.
4233:
4229:Plagnieux 1998
4221:
4217:Plagnieux 1998
4206:
4184:
4180:Plagnieux 1998
4169:
4165:Plagnieux 1998
4157:
4153:Plagnieux 1998
4145:
4141:Plagnieux 1998
4133:
4129:Plagnieux 1998
4116:
4112:Plagnieux 1998
4104:
4077:(3): 334–355.
4057:
4044:
4040:Plagnieux 1998
4027:
4013:
3998:
3979:
3953:
3924:
3920:Plagnieux 1998
3912:
3886:
3882:Plagnieux 1998
3874:
3870:Plagnieux 1998
3857:
3853:Plagnieux 1998
3834:
3830:Plagnieux 1998
3822:
3818:Plagnieux 1998
3810:
3798:
3785:
3772:
3759:
3747:
3733:
3713:
3709:Plagnieux 1998
3701:
3697:Plagnieux 1998
3686:
3673:
3660:
3651:
3639:
3637:, p. 241.
3627:
3625:, p. 127.
3606:
3602:Plagnieux 1998
3594:
3590:Plagnieux 1998
3575:
3562:
3549:
3543:978-9251005132
3542:
3522:
3518:Plagnieux 1998
3510:
3495:
3491:Plagnieux 1998
3483:
3468:
3464:Plagnieux 1998
3456:
3431:
3419:
3401:
3387:
3376:
3374:, p. 346.
3361:
3349:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
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3272:
3267:
3260:
3257:
3252:Main article:
3249:
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2597:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2536:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2507:Charles Martel
2504:
2498:
2492:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2431:
2428:
2306:Charles Martel
2280:
2277:
2253:Main article:
2250:
2247:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2173:Cardinal Fesch
2157:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:Musée de Cluny
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2021:Pierre Petitot
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:(13th century)
1990:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1850:
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1838:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1757:Viollet-le-Duc
1697:
1696:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1638:
1623:Charles Martel
1552:
1551:
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1537:
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1200:Musée de Cluny
1176:
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1172:
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1163:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:The west front
1148:
1141:
1137:
1136:The west front
1134:
1132:
1129:
1108:Saint-Denis".
1105:
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914:Valois Dynasty
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581:12th century.
539:
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516:
514:
507:
500:
496:
493:
445:, King of the
440:
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424:
418:
411:
371:
370:Early churches
368:
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363:
351:Minor Basilica
330:Gothic style.
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221:
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191:Administration
188:
187:
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172:Groundbreaking
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7509:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7191:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7089:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6908:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:Saint-Vincent
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Saint-Germain
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Père Lachaise
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Les Invalides
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6742:
6740:
6735:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6593:Bateau-Lavoir
6591:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6398:Petit Trianon
6395:
6394:Grand Trianon
6391:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Parc de Bercy
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6065:Rue Mondétour
6063:
6061:
6060:Rue Rambuteau
6058:
6056:
6055:Rue Radziwill
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6010:Rue de Rivoli
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Rue Bonaparte
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:Pont des Arts
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5925:Place VendĂ´me
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Latin Quarter
5828:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5778:Champ de Mars
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:and waterways
5730:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5684:HĂ´tel Lambert
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:HĂ´tel de Sens
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Élysée Palace
5627:
5626:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Saint-Sulpice
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:Musée Picasso
5399:
5397:
5396:Musée Pasteur
5394:
5392:
5391:Musée d'Orsay
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Opéra Garnier
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5163:Luxor Obelisk
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Les Invalides
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:Gare de l'Est
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4374:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4328:
4325:Pamela Blum,
4322:
4316:, p. 42.
4315:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4295:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4245:
4237:
4231:, p. 47.
4230:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4189:
4182:, p. 46.
4181:
4176:
4174:
4167:, p. 24.
4166:
4161:
4155:, p. 12.
4154:
4149:
4142:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4114:, p. 15.
4113:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4042:, p. 16.
4041:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4017:
4009:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3884:, p. 22.
3883:
3878:
3872:, p. 32.
3871:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3855:, p. 18.
3854:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3789:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3754:John Harvey,
3751:
3744:
3737:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3711:, p. 10.
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3677:
3670:
3667:Lindy Grant,
3664:
3655:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3635:O'Hanlon 1873
3631:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3604:, p. 11.
3603:
3598:
3591:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3556:Lindy Grant,
3553:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3423:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3320:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3242:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:(1661–1711),
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:(1627–1693),
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:), (died 597)
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:(515/520–580)
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2369:and his wife
2368:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2348:Germain Pilon
2345:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2225:. With three
2224:
2219:
2217:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1991:Tomb of King
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:and his son,
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Tree of Jesse
1872:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1826:Stained glass
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:Barbeau Abbey
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1455:disambulatory
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1344:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:Opéra Garnier
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1029:, never built
1028:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
991:Old Testament
986:
984:
980:
971:
970:Hubert Robert
964:
959:
952:
947:
946:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
925:Valois Chapel
915:
911:
907:
903:
894:
888:
883:
880:
873:
868:
867:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
827:
823:
822:King Louis IX
819:
815:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
773:
772:
766:
764:
760:
759:Low Countries
756:
750:
746:
744:
738:
736:
730:
727:
722:
720:
714:
704:
700:
697:
693:
684:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
655:
652:receives the
651:
644:
639:
635:
628:
623:
619:
613:
608:
604:
603:Tree of Jesse
600:
594:
589:
588:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
562:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
532:
527:
520:
515:
512:(9th century)
511:
504:
499:
498:
491:
489:
484:
478:
476:
475:
470:
466:
461:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
430:
425:
421:
415:
410:
409:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:St. Genevieve
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
233:
229:
220:
217:
215:
211:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
189:
175:
173:
169:
166:
163:
161:
157:
152:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
112:
83:
79:
72:
67:
61:
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6915:Other places
6892:Saints-Pères
6861:
6822:Montparnasse
6706:Art in Paris
6665:Paris Musées
6643:Moulin Rouge
6608:Café Procope
6562:Paris-Plages
6547:Nuit Blanche
6484:Parc Astérix
6418:Grande Arche
6345:
6318:
6211:Sport venues
6187:Parc Monceau
6040:Rue Foyatier
5845:Montparnasse
5723:Palais-Royal
5611:Val-de-Grâce
5486:La Madeleine
5471:Grand Mosque
5326:Musée Guimet
5321:Musée Grévin
5197:
5147:Jeanne d'Arc
5145:
5136:Petit Palais
5132:Grand Palais
5117:Gare du Nord
5112:Gare de Lyon
5097:Eiffel Tower
5092:Conciergerie
4849:
4720:
4675:Royal crypts
4598:L'Internaute
4597:
4568:
4550:
4543:Art Bulletin
4542:
4524:
4505:
4497:
4490:
4472:
4455:
4449:Bibliography
4440:
4431:, retrieved
4426:
4417:
4396:. Retrieved
4392:the original
4382:
4373:
4356:
4342:Base Palissy
4326:
4321:
4294:
4289:, p. 9.
4267:. Retrieved
4248:
4236:
4224:
4200:
4160:
4148:
4136:
4131:, p. 8.
4107:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4016:
4001:
3992:
3982:
3972:26 September
3970:. Retrieved
3965:
3956:
3946:26 September
3944:. Retrieved
3937:
3927:
3915:
3905:26 September
3903:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3877:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3741:
3736:
3721:
3716:
3704:
3682:Art Bulletin
3681:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3597:
3592:, p. 4.
3570:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3532:
3525:
3520:, p. 3.
3513:
3502:
3498:
3486:
3477:
3471:
3466:, p. 2.
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3422:
3412:
3404:
3379:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3175:
3165:
3159:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3116:
3106:
3096:
3091:c. 1320–1324
3090:
3077:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3042:
3032:
3023:
3017:
3008:
2807:
2749:
2473:Childebert I
2433:
2346:, carved by
2326:d. 1316 and
2258:
2223:Barker lever
2220:
2212:
2158:
2110:Choir stalls
2092:
2084:
2076:jamb figures
2075:
2072:
1978:Childebert I
1917:
1867:
1796:
1751:
1724:
1709:
1698:
1690:by sculptor
1616:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1553:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1416:
1376:of St Denis.
1345:
1341:
1292:
1278:
1215:
1211:Resurrection
1204:
1196:
1184:
1180:Holy Trinity
1177:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1083:Napoleon III
1072:
1056:
1041:
1033:
995:
987:
975:
899:
854:rose windows
839:
834:
810:
751:
747:
739:
731:
723:
715:
711:
702:
698:
694:
690:
674:
660:
579:
563:
555:
540:
480:
472:
462:
441:
378:, the first
373:
359:
339:Pope Paul VI
332:
313:
309:patron saint
289:
254:
227:
225:
154:Architecture
131:Denomination
36:
7846:Ordinariate
6862:Saint-Denis
6772:Batignolles
6648:Paris MĂ©tro
6447:ExploradĂ´me
6218:Accor Arena
6140:Parc floral
6045:Rue Molière
6035:Rue Elzévir
5960:Rive Gauche
5935:Pont d'IĂ©na
5850:Place Diana
5748:Avenue Foch
5622:and palaces
5411:Musée Rodin
5246:Army Museum
5193:Place Diana
4952:Saint-Denis
4870:Paris MĂ©tro
4855:Tour Pleyel
4788:Lycée Suger
4764:Saint-Denis
4715:Royal Vault
4697:Royal Crypt
4634:(in French)
4621:(in French)
4603:(in French)
4498:Art History
4398:18 December
4350:(in French)
4010:. Le Monde.
3942:(in French)
3939:Le Parisien
3647:Watkin 1986
3623:Watkin 1986
3357:Watkin 1986
3047:Charlemagne
3013:Saint Denis
2706:(1755–1824)
2704:Louis XVIII
2694:(1755–1793)
2684:(1710–1774)
2678:(1638–1715)
2672:(1601–1643)
2666:(1553–1610)
2648:(1544–1560)
2642:(1519–1589)
2632:(1494–1547)
2626:(1462–1515)
2620:(1470–1498)
2614:(1403–1461)
2602:(1268–1314)
2596:(1248–1271)
2580:(1214–1270)
2573:(1165–1223)
2567:(1140–1160)
2557:(1081–1137)
2551:(1008–1060)
2533:Carloman II
2489:Chilperic I
2440:Charlemagne
2269:Saint Louis
2265:Charlemagne
2261:Abbot Suger
2017:Edme Gaulle
1803:Simon Vouet
1753:Louis XVIII
1727:Louis XVIII
1495:misericords
1052:Louis XVIII
921: 1700
782:The glazed
662:Abbot Suger
599:Abbot Suger
547:Charlemagne
455:Benedictine
376:Saint Denis
316:Abbot Suger
305:Saint Denis
269:Louis XVIII
242:Saint-Denis
202:Saint-Denis
123:Saint-Denis
106: /
7944:Categories
6872:Saint-Ouen
6817:Montmartre
6413:La DĂ©fense
6292:Cemeteries
5840:Montmartre
5576:Saint-Roch
5511:Sacré-Cœur
5256:Carnavalet
4913:Transilien
4560:0712612793
4482:2878110587
4473:Gothic Art
4346:PM93000477
3730:0131935070
3372:Lours 2018
3327:References
3180:Louis XVII
3086:necropolis
2698:Louis XVII
2670:Louis XIII
2652:Charles IX
2646:Francis II
2545:(986–1032)
2495:Dagobert I
2408:Charles VI
2296:(or Anjou)
2283:See also:
2161:misericord
2152:Misericord
2080:Montfaucon
2066:François I
2011:and Queen
1807:Louis XIII
1773:Louis XVII
1720:Primatrice
1688:Francois I
1556:Hugh Capet
1547:Dagobert I
1424:clerestory
1202:in Paris.
1188:St Etienne
788:clerestory
443:Dagobert I
420:Dagobert I
392:Montmartre
301:Dagobert I
277:Protestant
261:necropolis
257:pilgrimage
148:Roman Rite
91:48°56′08″N
6827:Montrouge
6812:Madeleine
6777:Catacombs
6653:entrances
6100:Trocadéro
5965:Rue Basse
5950:Pont Neuf
5835:Le Marais
5803:Panoramas
5087:Catacombs
5059:Landmarks
4909:Paris RER
4833:Landmarks
4699:(Belgium)
4693:(Austria)
4687:(Hungary)
4366:prie-dieu
4259:0307-1235
4091:0037-9808
3993:The Times
3062:1140–1144
3052:1122–1151
3018:After 313
3009:c. 250 AD
2979:Louis XVI
2688:Louis XVI
2676:Louis XIV
2658:Henry III
2535:(866–884)
2529:(823–869)
2509:(686–741)
2503:(634–657)
2501:Clovis II
2497:(603–639)
2485:Fredegund
2475:(496–558)
2469:(466–511)
2452:Charles X
2420:Charles V
2393:Philip IV
2365:Tombs of
2320:Robert II
2177:marquetry
2137:marquetry
2068:(16th c.)
2009:Louis XVI
1935:Sculpture
1879:Griffonsa
1765:Louis VII
1731:Louis XVI
1701:Louis XII
1648:Louis XII
1516:Louis XVI
1420:triforium
1370:Rayonnant
1054:in 1824.
1048:Madeleine
1044:Louis XVI
850:triforium
814:Rayonnant
792:Rayonnant
784:triforium
726:rib vault
681:oriflamme
670:Louis VII
654:Oriflamme
634:Oriflamme
469:goldsmith
458:monastery
435:Clovis II
405:Clothar I
397:martyrium
384:Clement I
328:Rayonnant
230:(French:
214:Bishop(s)
143:Tradition
94:2°21′35″E
7875:See also
6837:Panthéon
6792:Grenelle
6782:Errancis
6623:La Ruche
6572:Solidays
5818:Jouffroy
5798:Choiseul
5217:Sorbonne
5183:Panthéon
4915:stations
4872:stations
4723:(France)
4705:(Serbia)
4433:2 August
4269:12 March
4263:Archived
4099:25068292
3449:30 April
3259:See also
3136:Napoleon
3082:Louis IX
3037:Dagobert
3003:Timeline
2682:Louis XV
2664:Henry IV
2636:Henry II
2467:Clovis I
2454:, &
2448:Louis XI
2444:Philip I
2391:Tomb of
2380:Tomb of
2340:Henry II
2304:Tomb of
2249:Treasury
2095:tympanum
2049:Bust of
1993:Dagobert
1974:Clovis I
1972:Tomb of
1887:Crusades
1885:and the
1809:for the
1779:Sacristy
1666:Tomb of
1646:Tomb of
1619:Louis IX
1579:Henry IV
1564:Clovis I
1545:Tomb of
1351:Interior
1209:and the
1131:Exterior
1057:In 1813
831:effigies
666:Louis VI
483:ciborium
281:Catholic
136:Catholic
125:, France
119:Location
6787:Gonards
6767:Bagneux
6694:Related
6633:Maxim's
6494:Provins
6386:Château
5232:Museums
4711:(Italy)
4410:Sources
3743:England
3226:Trinity
3187:Gallery
3113:dynasty
3033:626–639
3024:451–459
2479:Aregund
2330:d. 1349
2316:Henry I
2279:Burials
2227:manuals
2167:in the
1813:of the
1811:retable
1739:Dauphin
1612:ossuary
1372:Gothic
929:rotunda
846:tracery
835:gisants
812:in the
743:narthex
719:Osmanna
510:Hilduin
465:Eligius
388:Parisii
365:History
355:Vatican
353:by the
285:regalia
197:Diocese
181: (
6897:Thiais
6857:Picpus
6842:Pantin
5082:Bourse
4981:Events
4557:
4531:
4512:
4493:(1990)
4479:
4464:
4362:missal
4257:
4097:
4089:
3728:
3540:
3248:Abbots
3111:Valois
3066:chevet
2328:Jeanne
2324:John I
2271:, and
2231:pedals
1743:Temple
1694:(1556)
1674:(1559)
1654:(1515)
1281:chevet
933:Valois
763:Sicily
570:facade
447:Franks
320:Gothic
259:and a
208:Clergy
165:Gothic
60:French
56:
6847:Passy
6581:Other
5823:Brady
5813:Havre
5168:Odéon
5002:Areas
4095:JSTOR
3056:Suger
2430:Kings
2183:Organ
1374:choir
648:King
451:Abbey
246:choir
160:Style
6396:and
6388:and
5237:list
5134:and
4911:and
4555:ISBN
4529:ISBN
4510:ISBN
4477:ISBN
4462:ISBN
4435:2021
4400:2012
4271:2021
4255:ISSN
4087:ISSN
3974:2018
3948:2018
3907:2018
3726:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3451:2019
3176:2004
3166:1966
3160:1862
3150:1845
3141:1813
3132:1805
3123:1792
3117:1771
3107:1572
3097:1364
3078:1267
3072:1231
2981:and
2576:St.
2342:and
2229:and
2169:Eure
2019:and
1747:Elba
1733:and
1714:and
1670:and
1650:and
1518:and
1279:The
632:The
574:apse
488:Gaul
474:vita
467:, a
307:, a
226:The
183:1135
176:1135
4079:doi
3043:775
833:or
337:by
7946::
4344::
4334:^
4306:^
4279:^
4261:.
4247:.
4209:^
4199:.
4187:^
4172:^
4119:^
4093:.
4085:.
4075:65
4073:.
4069:.
4030:^
3991:.
3964:.
3936:.
3897:.
3860:^
3837:^
3745:).
3689:^
3609:^
3578:^
3434:^
3411:,
3390:^
3364:^
3099:–
3080:–
3054:–
2933:)
2450:,
2446:,
2442:,
2422:,
2418:,
2414:,
2410:,
2406:,
2322:,
2267:,
2179:.
2106:.
1625:,
1497:.
1213:.
985:.
918:c.
765:.
553:.
407:.
357:.
252:.
7092:e
7085:t
7078:v
6745:e
6738:t
6731:v
6404:)
6392:(
5239:)
5235:(
5043:e
5036:t
5029:v
4756:e
4749:t
4742:v
4668:e
4661:t
4654:v
4563:.
4537:.
4518:.
4485:.
4402:.
4273:.
4101:.
4081::
3995:.
3976:.
3950:.
3909:.
3832:.
3546:.
3453:.
3429:.
3417:.
3172:.
2074:(
1293:.
185:)
62:)
58:(
34:.
20:)
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