4272:
4564:
2869:
7692:
7683:
7719:
1101:, which could be accessed via a double staircase. A second stone pathway at ground level was enclosed by a stone balustrade. The railings around Stupa 1 do not have artistic reliefs. These are only slabs, with some dedicatory inscriptions. These elements are dated to circa 150 BCE, or 175–125 BCE. Although the railings are made up of stone, they are copied from a wooden prototype, and as John Marshall has observed the joints between the coping stones have been cut at a slant, as wood is naturally cut, and not vertically as stone should be cut. Besides the short records of the donors written on the railings in Brahmi script, there are two later inscriptions on the railings added during the time of the Gupta Period. Some reliefs are visible on the stairway balustrade, but they are probably slightly later than those at Stupa No2, and are dated to 125–100 BCE. Some authors consider that these reliefs, rather crude and without obvious Buddhist connotations, are the oldest reliefs of all Sanchi, slightly older even than the reliefs of
3794:
6155:
7902:
562:
7710:
3506:
3328:
5080:
4019:
4265:
5159:
7701:
6032:
3061:
5397:
5273:
6913:
5197:
4533:
2137:
2789:
5751:
5741:
5110:
5898:
718:
5330:
5305:
3377:
1941:
5422:
4642:
1795:
5787:
3440:
3259:
7279:
3071:
1779:
6971:
2809:
6696:
3191:
5011:
3484:
959:
2052:
4181:
7632:
4715:
3300:
4985:
4465:
2833:
4375:
5594:
6196:
2849:
7306:
intact. The form, too, of the platform around its base is sufficiently clear, and the capital and statue which it is said to have supported, are both relatively well-preserved. What remains of the shaft is 9 ft. in length, 3 ft. 10 in. of which, measured from the top, are circular and smooth, and the remainder, constituting the base, square and rough-dressed. In the Gupta age, it was the common practice to keep the bases of such monolithic columns square, whereas those of the Maurya age were invariably circular. The columns of the Maurya period are distinguished by its exquisite dressing and highly polished surface; but in this case the dressing of the stone is characterized by no such lustrous finish.
598:
6549:
6390:
4223:
2542:
7372:
3569:
2484:
4155:
6378:
6303:
3531:
2554:
4726:. A royal figure in a chariot drives forth from a city gate, with a horse in front. The scene is analogous to the scene of Buddha's departure from Kapilavastu on the East Gateway, but in that case there is no chariot, and in this case there is no umbrella above the horse to indicate the presence of the Buddha. However, a royal umbrella being held over an empty spot in the chariot would suggest the presence of the Buddha. The figure standing at its side with a water-pot (bhrihgara) in his hand indicates that a gift is being made. Alternatively, it could be King Suddhodana going forth from Kapilavastu to meet his son, the Buddha, on the occasion when he presented him with a park of mango trees.
6604:
1553:
7798:, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928, acknowledged her contribution by dedicating his important volumes on Sanchi to Sultan Jehan. She had funded the museum that was built there. As one of the earliest and most important Buddhist architectural and cultural pieces, it has drastically transformed the understanding of early India with respect to Buddhism. It is now a marvellous example of the carefully preserved archaeological site by the Archeological Survey of India. The place of Sanchi Stupa in Indian history and culture can be gauged from the fact that Reserve Bank of India introduced new 200 Indian Rupees notes with Sanchi Stupa in 2017.
1222:
6318:
5236:
6589:
5187:. Near the center of the panel is the throne indicating the presence of the Buddha, surmounted by the umbrella; behind it, Indra and Brahma standing in an attitude of adoration; in the background, the houses of Uruvilva and the people at their daily tasks. To the left, a man and woman, the woman grinding spices on a "cari" stone; nearby, to the right, another woman is at work at a table, while a third is pounding rice with pestle and mortar, and a fourth winnowing the grain with a fan. In the foreground is the river Nairanjana, with cattle on its banks and a woman drawing water in a pitcher. One of the villagers has his hands joined in the attitude of prayer.
3939:
6577:
6565:
6342:
7650:
5854:
4614:
3727:
7659:
4804:
4744:
4095:
38:
7396:
2821:
1313:
6818:
3853:, bringing the meal which she prepared for Gautama before he began his last meditation prior to his enlightenment. Near the middle of the panel is Mara, seated on a throne with attendants around, and advancing from him towards the throne are his daughters, who sought by their blandishments to seduce Gautama from his purpose. On his other side, i.e., in the right half of the panel, are the hosts of Mara's demons, personifying the vices, the passions and the fears of mankind. The vigor and humor with which these fantastic beings are portrayed is very striking, and far more forceful than anything of the kind produced by the artists of the
5685:
3417:
6366:
3410:
2517:
6354:
3087:
543:
7360:
6856:
6742:
6330:
3804:
1162:
121:
7428:
4649:
4439:
3367:
6875:
6761:
5348:
1207:
7623:
3892:
4769:
6830:
6481:
4026:
3882:
1537:
6799:
3657:
2411:
1991:
1325:
709:
1617:
975:
7641:
5963:
5820:
2599:
7225:
4867:
7751:
2123:
4411:
6939:
5571:
88:
1007:
3929:
6951:
6708:
6068:
4944:
7075:
933:
1277:
2109:
6720:
5636:
4918:
1629:
1174:
1641:
1488:
1249:
1500:
6887:
6773:
6631:
6619:
1603:
1301:
6458:
1234:
1518:
2777:
7878:
6406:
1068:
586:
6421:
2070:
7416:
1150:
7759:
1265:
7291:
3757:
1688:
1289:
55:
1665:
4336:
7890:
1956:
6537:
7842:
6920:
5646:
7866:
6525:
6269:
1653:
1122:
6663:
7952:
7185:
1351:
6653:
1138:
7967:
6127:
1186:
7854:
3043:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the main one as it was erected in front of the steps by which the terrace was ascended. The Southern Gateway was also the first to be erected. Then followed, in chronological order, the Northern, the Eastern and the Western, their succession in each case being demonstrated by the style of their carvings. It is probable, however, that not more than three or four decades intervened between the building of the Southern and Western gateways.
700:
6291:
6513:
5018:
7384:
5561:
4113:
2090:
614:
7735:
5217:. The Naga attacked him with smoke and fire but was met with the same weapons, and being overcome crept into the Buddha's begging bowl. In the middle of the panel is the fire temple with a fire altar in front and a throne indicating the presence of the Buddha within, while behind the throne is the five-headed Naga. Flames are issuing from the windows in the roof. On either side of the temple are the Brahmanical ascetics standing in an attitude of respect and veneration.
4759:. It can also be interpreted in relation to the panel of the Miracle at Kapilavastu on the same pillar (Right pillar, Inner face,3rd panel). When Buddha returned to his native city of Kapilavastu, his father Suddhodana came forth with a royal retinue to meet him, and the Buddha performed his Miracle of the Walk in the Air. In this scene, on the front face of the pillar, the Buddha is probably represented in this very park with disciples and followers around him.
5532:
1379:
7918:
892:
5905:
3595:
574:
7454:
880:
7086:
4840:
1466:
3767:
3308:
6144:
already escaped to the rocks and jungles beyond. In the lower part of the panel, to the left, is king
Brahmadatta on horseback with his soldiers, one of whom with bow and arrow is aiming upwards at the Bodhisattva. Higher up the panel the figure of the king is repeated, sitting beneath the mango tree and conversing with the dying Bodhisattva, who, according to the Jataka story, gave the king good advice on the duties of a chief.
6093:
6431:
11972:
3347:, who initially tried to keep all the relics of the Buddha for themselves. A war erupted in which the chiefs of seven other clans waged war against the Mallakas of Kushinara for the possession of the Buddha's relics. In the centre of the architrave, the siege of Kushinara is in progress; to right and left, the victorious chiefs are departing in chariots and on elephants, with the relics borne on the heads of the latter.
3031:
622:
6226:
8052:
11989:
11964:
1049:, with many cities actually issuing their own coinage, as well as the relative dislike of the Shungas for Buddhism, some authors argue that the constructions of that period in Sanchi cannot really be called "Shunga". They were not the result of royal sponsorship, in contrast with what happened during the Mauryas, and the dedications at Sanchi were private or collective, rather than the result of royal patronage.
6052:(Regents of the Four Quarters) and the archangels of the heavens approached him and besought him to turn the Wheel of the Law. It was when the Buddha was seated beneath the banyan tree (nyagrodha) shortly after his enlightenment, that this entreaty was made, and it is a banyan tree with the throne beneath that is depicted in this relief. The four figures side by side in the foreground may be the four Lokapalas.
222:
11947:
11059:
3181:
Nagis, in human form with serpent hoods, worshiping at the stupa, bringing offerings, or emerging from the waters of a lotus-pond. On the projecting end of this architrave is an elephant in a lotus-pond with mahaut and females on its back, and a second female scrambling up behind; in the background, a pavilion with female figures looking out. To what particular incident this relief refers, is not known.
4830:
128:
95:
62:
2913:
6141:, the jealous and wicked cousin of the Buddha, was in that life one of the monkeys and, thinking it a good chance to destroy his enemy, jumped on the Bodhisattva's back and broke his heart. The king, seeing the good deed of the Bodhisattva and repenting of his own attempt to kill him, tended him with great care when he was dying and afterwards gave him royal obsequies.
7213:, and of a pale buff hue splashed and streaked with amethyst. At Sanchi this particular variety of stone was used only in monuments of the Gupta period. This pillar was approximately 22 ft. 6 in. in height and was composed of two pieces only, one comprising the circular shaft and square base, the other the bell-capital, necking, lions and crowning
3625:(horizontal inscription on the lintel), suggesting that a part of the gateways at least was made by ivory carvers. At the least, the delicacy of workmanship and spatial effect attained in the panel of the Trayastrimsa heaven is particularly striking, and makes it understandable that, as the inscription on it records, it was the work of ivory-carvers of
2322:
6493:(Nandanavana). In the centre is the pavilion of the god, with Indra himself seated on a throne surrounded by women attendants. In the foreground is the river MandakinI, which bounds the heaven of Indra, and to right and left of the pavilion are mountains and jungle forming a pleasure-garden for the gods and demigods who are taking their case therein.
2022:
embellishment of the stupa to attain spiritual merit. There was no direct royal patronage. Devotees, both men and women, who donated money towards a sculpture would often choose their favourite scene from the life of the Buddha and then have their names inscribed on it. This accounts for the random repetition of particular episodes on the stupa.
680:. After Ashoka's accession, Mahendra headed a Buddhist mission, sent probably under the auspices of the Emperor, to Sri Lanka, and that before setting out to the island he visited his mother at Chetiyagiri near Vidisa, thought to be Sanchi. He was lodged there in a sumptuous vihara or monastery, which she herself is said to have had erected.
2930:
8879:"The railing of Sanchi Stupa No.2, which represents the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence, (and) dates from about the second century B.C.E." Constituting Communities: Theravada Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia, John Clifford Holt, Jacob N. Kinnard, Jonathan S. Walters, SUNY Press, 2012
5840:
of the King thrice repeated, first shooting the lad in the water, then with bow in hand, then standing penitent with bow and arrow discarded; and in the left top corner are the father, mother and son restored to health, and by their side the god Indra and the king. The Buddha in a previous life was thus given as an example of
7241:, consist of birds and lotuses of unequal sizes disposed in irregular fashion, not with the symmetrical precision of earlier Indian art. Finally, these lions, like those on the pillars of the Southern Gateway, are provided with five claws on each foot, and their modelling exhibits little regard for truth and little artistry.
2584:. A sculpture at Sanchi, southern gateway of Stupa No1, shows Ashoka in grief being supported by his two Queens. Then the relief above shows the Bodhi Tree prospering inside its new temple. Numerous other sculptures at Sanchi show scenes of devotion towards the Bodhi Tree, and the Bodhi Tree inside its temple at Bodh Gaya.
6234:. Three heraldic lions standing on conventionalized floral device. The turn in the upper leaves is peculiar. This method of treating foliage is peculiar to the Early School and is never found in later work. The inscription over this panel records that the pillar was a gift of Balamitra, pupil of Ayachuda (Arya-kshudra).
1740:. This method of finishing off the arris at the point of transition between the two sections are features characteristic of the second and first centuries BCE. The west side of the shaft is split off, but the tenon at the top, to which the capital was mortised, is still preserved. The capital is of the usual bell-shaped
995:
7138:. It consists of a flat roofed square sanctum with a portico and four pillars. The interior and three sides of the exterior are plain and undecorated but the front and the pillars are elegantly carved, giving the temple an almost 'classical' appearance, not unlike the 2nd century rock-cut cave temples of the
5317:. In the center, the tree and throne of the Buddha, with a group of worshipers around, including King Suddhodana, the father of the Buddha, who is standing immediately in front of the throne. The king wears the same headdress here as in the panel below. The episode represented is the homage paid by the King
3619:. The story told in the Buddhist scriptures is that, before embracing a religious life, Gautama divested himself of his princely garments and cut off his long hair with his sword, casting both hair and turban into the air, whence they were borne by the devas to the Trayastrimsa heaven and worshiped there.
6010:
tree in the middle of the panel, to remind the spectator of the first meditation of the
Bodhisattva and the path on which it led him. So, here, these three figures, which are strikingly similar to the three sorrowing Yakshas in the Mahdbhinishkramana scene and were probably executed by the same hand,
5839:
intervenes and allows Syama to be healed and his parents' sight to be restored. At the right hand top corner of the panel arc the two hermitages with the father and mother seated in front of them. Below them their son Syama is coming to draw water from the stream. Then, to the left, we see the figure
3011:
in spreading the
Buddhist faith. This gateway is one of the two which were reconstructed by Major Cole in 1882–83. The whole of the right jamb and half of the left are new and blank, as well as the west end of the lowest architrave, the east end of the middle architrave, and the six vertical uprights
6931:
Again variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. The first panel however is extremely interesting, as it shows the adoration of what looks like the pillar of Ashoka at the
Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa. Then other devotees simply line up in the second and
6807:
Uncharacteristically, the rear panel of the left pillar of the gateway is fully decorated, down to its bottom. This can be explained by the fact that the stupa is not surrounded by a railing as in the Great Stupa, therefore rendering this rear space free. The right pillar of the gateway however does
6274:
The gateway of Stupa No 3, located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. It is also slightly older, and generally dated to the 1st century CE. This gateway stands 17 feet high, and is adorned with reliefs in the same style as those on the
5481:
Each of these six heavens or devalokas is represented by a storey of a palace, the front of which is divided by pillars into three bays, the pillars in the alternate storeys being either plain or provided with elaborate
Persepolitan capitals. In the central bay there sits a god, like an Indian king,
5095:
accompanied by a disciple and a boatman are hastening in a boat to the rescue of the Buddha. Then, in the lower part of the picture, the Buddha, represented by his promenade (chahbama), appears walking on the face of the waters, and in the foreground the figures of
Kasyapa and his disciple are twice
3741:
The best preserved of all four gateways is the
Northern one, which still retains most of its ornamental figures and gives a good idea of the original appearance of all the gateways. Like the other gateways, the Northern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their
3079:
Some material was lost over two thousand years, and the restoration had to make up for lost elements with some blank slabs. The whole of the right jamb and half of the left are new, as well as the west end of the lowest architrave, the east end of the middle architrave, and the six vertical uprights
7483:
in India, the monuments of Sanchi went out of use and fell into a state of disrepair. In 1818, General Taylor of the Bengal
Cavalry recorded a visit to Sanchi. At that time the monuments were left in a relatively good condition. Although the jungle had overgrown the complex, several of the Gateways
3180:
Here, in the centre of the architrave, is depicted the stupa of
Ramagrama. Above the stupa are heavenly figures bearing garlands in their hands. To the right, the Emperor Asoka is approaching in his chariot, accompanied by a retinue of elephants, horsemen and footmen; and to the left, the Nagas and
2448:
wanted to keep his ashes, but the other kingdoms also wanting their part went to war and besieged the city of
Kushinagar. Finally, an agreement was reached, and the Buddha's cremation relics were divided among 8 royal families and his disciples. This famous view shows warfare techniques at the time
7793:
19th Century Europeans were very much interested in the Stupa which was originally built by Ashoka. French sought the permission to take away the eastern gateway to France. English, who had established themselves in India, majorly as a political force, were interested too in carrying it to England
7236:
As was usual with pillars of the Gupta age, the square base projected above the ground level, the projection in this case being 1 ft. 2 in., and was enclosed by a small square platform. The lion capital of this pillar is a feeble imitation of the one which surmounted the pillar of Asoka, with
5255:
ascetic has his axe raised to split the wood, but the axe will not descend until Buddha gives the word; then we see the axe driven home into the log. Similarly, a Brahman is engaged fanning the fire on an altar, but the fire will not burn until the Buddha permits it. Then we see the altar repeated
4583:
rises in the air, praised by celestial beings (only his path is visible). This panel is to be interpreted in conjunction with the corresponding panel adjoining it on the front face of the same pillar. When Buddha returned to his native city of Kapilavastu, his father Suddhodana came forth with a
2512:
who were too powerful, and were able to keep them. This scene is depicted in one of the transversal portions of the southern gateway of Stupa No1 at Sanchi. Ashoka is shown on the right in his chariot and his army, the stupa with the relics is in the center, and the Naga kings with their serpent
7305:
The massive pillar near the North Gateway, numbered 35 in the plan, was erected during the Gupta period. Every feature, whether structural, stylistic or technical, is typical of Gupta workmanship. Most of the shaft has been destroyed, but the stump still remains in situ, and the foundations are
6143:
Down the panel of the relief flows, from top to bottom, the river Ganges. To the left, at the top, is the great mango tree to which two monkeys are clinging, while the king of the monkeys is stretched across the river from the mango tree to the opposite bank, and over his body some monkeys have
1393:
was established later than the Great Stupa, but it is probably displaying the earliest architectural ornaments. For the first time, clearly Buddhist themes are represented, particularly the four events in the life of the Buddha that are: the Nativity, the Enlightenment, the First Sermon and the
908:, one of the first instances of free-standing temples in India. Temple 40 has remains of three different periods, the earliest period dating to the Maurya age, which probably makes it contemporary to the creation of the Great Stupa. An inscription even suggests it might have been established by
6864:
Worshipping the Bodhi Tree. This classic and rather simply depicted scene is again the unique didactic scene on this face of the pillar. It even faces a similar "Worshipping the Bodhi Tree" scene on the pillar surface facing it across the entrance. The next panel going down is only composed of
4584:
royal retinue to meet him, and a question of etiquette arose as to which should salute the other first: the father, who was king, or the son, who had become the Buddha. Thereupon the Buddha solved the difficulty by walking miraculously in mid-air. Here, in the panel on the inner face, we see a
7337:
An interesting feature of the image is the halo which is pierced with twelve small holes evenly disposed around its edge. Manifestly the halo, is too small in proportion to the size of the statue, and these holes were no doubt intended for the attachment of the outer rays, which were probably
5381:
Below it is a royal procession threading its way through the streets of the city and issuing forth from the gate. This is the procession of King Suddhodana, when he went forth to meet his son on his return to Kapilavastu. Then, at the bottom of the panel, is portrayed the miracle which Buddha
5220:
In the foreground, to the right, is a leaf-hut (parna-sala) and an ascetic at its threshold seated on a mat, with his knees bound up by a band and his hair (jafa) twisted turban-wise about his head. Evidently he is a Brahman doing penance. Before him is another Brahman standing and apparently
4600:, Skr : nyagrodha) is that King Suddhodana presented a park of banyan trees to his son on his return, and the tree, therefore, helps to localize the incident. In the corresponding scene on the front face the Buddha is probably represented in this park with disciples (but invisible due to
919:
Later, the platform was enlarged to 41.76×27.74 metres and re-used to erect a pillared hall with fifty columns (5×10) of which stumps remain. Some of these pillars have inscriptions of the 2nd century BCE. In the 7th or 8th century a small shrine was established in one corner of the platform,
4907:
in order to signify the fact that Siddharta is riding the horse. After his arrival in the forest on the right, Siddharta discards his robes, cuts off his hair and returns the horse to Chandaka. The horse is seen returning without a rider, now walking on the ground, devoid of the chatra. When
865:
several hundred miles away, implying that the builders were able to transport a block of stone over forty feet in length and weighing almost as many tons over such a distance. They probably used water transport, using rafts during the rainy season up until the Ganges, Jumna and Betwa rivers.
7942:
were sent back to Sri Lanka, where they were publicly displayed in 1947. It was such a grand event where the entire population of Sri Lanka came to visit them. However, they were later returned to India. But a new temple Chetiyagiri Vihara was constructed to house the relics, in 1952. In a
5386:(nyagrodha) to signify the park of banyans which Suddhodana presented to his son. The Buddha walking in mid-air is represented, as on the Northern Gateway, by his promenade (chankrama); and suggested by the upturned faces of the king and his retinue as they gaze wonderingly on the miracle.
2021:
The reliefs show scenes from the life of the Buddha integrated with everyday events that would be familiar to the onlookers and so make it easier for them to understand the Buddhist creed as relevant to their lives. At Sanchi and most other stupas the local population donated money for the
9718:"The scene shows musicians playing a variety of instruments, some of them quite extraordinary such as the Greek double flute and wind instruments with dragon head from West Asia" in The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia, Himanshu Prabha Ray, Cambridge University Press, 2003
4321:. In front of the door is the throne which marks the presence of the Buddha. The animals peering out from among the rocks serve to indicate the wildness of the spot. Below is the company of Indra in attitudes of worship, but which of these figures represents Indra and which his musician
7535:, a more theistic understanding of Buddhism. First, although many of the artistic themes remained the same (such as Maya's dream, The Great Departure, Mara's attacks...), many of the stories of the previous lives of the Buddha were replaced by the even more numerous stories about the
1905:
which is sometimes dated to the 2nd century BCE. Also, several Satavahana kings used the name "Satakarni", which complicates the matter. Usual dates given for the gateways range from 50 BCE to the 1st century CE, and the builder of the earliest gateways is generally considered to be
500:
period (5th century CE), and ending around the 12th century CE. It is probably the best preserved group of Buddhist monuments in India. The oldest, and also the largest monument, the Great Stupa also called Stupa No. 1, initially built under the Mauryans, and adorned with one of the
5248:'s conversion it is related that, after the miracle of the fire temple, a sacrifice was prepared by the Brahmans, but the wood for the fire could not be split, the fire could not be made to burn, and the oblation could not be offered, until in each case the Buddha gave his consent.
9670:"Sculptures showing Greeks or the Greek type of human figures are not lacking in ancient India. Apart from the proverbial Gandhara, Sanchi and Mathura have also yielded many sculptures that betray a close observation of the Greeks." in Graeco-Indica, India's cultural contacts, by
7794:
for a museum. They were satisfied with plaster-cast copies which were carefully prepared and the original remained at the site, part of Bhopal state. The rule of Bhopal, Shahjehan Begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum, provided money for the preservation of the ancient site.
7208:
Pillar No26 stands a little to the north of the Sunga pillar No25. It belongs to the early Gupta age. Apart from its design, it is distinguished from the other pillars on the site by the unusual quality and colour of its stone, which is harder than that ordinarily quarried in the
4816:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the third gateway to have been constructed. Like the other gateways, the Southern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
5053:
at the location, as well as a temple to protect the Bodhi Tree within. Spreading through its upper windows, the branches of the sacred tree can be seen. To right and left of the temple are four figures in an attitude of adoration, perhaps the Guardian Kings of the Four Quarters
5498:); and to his left are the court musicians and dancers. With slight variations the same figures are repeated in each of the six heavens. Nothing, perhaps, could give a better idea of the monotony of pleasure in the Buddhist heavens than the sameness of these reiterations.
4451:) of the Buddha. Among the crowds who are celebrating the occasion with music and dancing, some are wearing dresses and high boots suggestive of a cold climate. The individual and realistic features of the people can also be noticed. The official notice at Sanchi reads "
2899:
2372:
5628:
took place in a grove of those trees. The two groups of figures carrying banners and offerings, which occupy the ends of this architrave, are probably connected with the central scene, serving to indicate the rejoicing of the Mallakas over the possession of the relics.
5500:
The topmost panel of all, with two figures seated on a terrace and attendants behind, is treated quite differently from the Devalokas below and appears to represent the lowest of the Brahmaloka, which according to the Buddhist ideas rise above the inferior heavens.
9706:"The Greeks evidently introduced the himation and the chiton seen in the terracottas from Taxila and the short kilt worn by the soldier on the Sanchi relief." in Foreign influence on Indian culture: from c. 600 B.C. to 320 A.D., Manjari Ukil Originals, 2006, p. 162
3422:
The left external face consists in a foliage scroll inhabited by numerous animals and garlands, as well as an amorous couple repeated several time. Of the right pillar external face, nothing remains, and it has been left blank by the reconstitution under Marshall.
2309:, which started with the Pataliputra capital. However the design of the central post is now simpler, with the flame palmette taking all the available room. Elephants were later used to adorn the pillar capitals (still with the central palmette design), and lastly,
3662:
To the left of the panel, a royal figure is seated beneath a canopy, holding a female by the hand; in the middle, another female seated on a low stool; to the right, two other figures standing, with a child behind bearing a garland (?). At the back of them is a
3045:
A few of the surfaces of the Southern Gateway are undecorated or lost. Like the other gateways, the Southern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
1092:
During the later rule of the Shunga, the stupa was expanded with stone slabs to almost twice its original size. The dome was flattened near the top and crowned by three superimposed parasols within a square railing. With its many tiers it was a symbol of the
6185:, riding on lion-like creatures. A conventional method is used to depict the clouds beneath the feet of the gods in the foreground and among the figures in the upper part of the panel. They have the appearance almost of rocks with flames breaking from them.
4588:, and, in front of it, the throne symbolizing the Buddha; while suspended in the air above it is the chahkrama or promenade on which the Buddha used to take his exercise and which here symbolises that he is walking in the air. Above it are celestial beings (
6296:
Architrave posts, or "false capitals", are roughly square-shaped and can be seen at the junction between architrave and pillar, and between the architraves themselves. Here, there are nine of them altogether on just the surface of the front architraves.
3474:. In each of the groups of worshipers is a king with attendant females, the same figures apparently being repeated four times. They probably represent Asoka with his two queens visiting the Deer Park during his pilgrimage to the holy places of Buddhism.
7320:
ornamented with a balustrade in relief are cut entire from a single block of stone. So, too, is the statue which was found lying alongside the capital and which is believed to have belonged to the same pillar. This statue represents a man clad in a
8727:
It is inaccurate to refer to the post-Mauryan monuments at Sanchi as Sunga. Not only was Pusyamitra reputedly animical to Buddhism, but most of the donative inscriptions during this period attest to predominantly collective and nonroyal modes of
1370:
period, as known from inscriptions), following the ground balustrade and stone casing of the Great Stupa (Stupa No 1). The reliefs are dated to circa 115 BCE for the medallions, and 80 BCE for the pillar carvings, slightly before the reliefs of
2788:
11089:
2951:
2985:""Since it is not permitted to make an image of the Buddha's body, I pray that the Buddha will grant that I can make an image of the attendant Bodhisattva. Is that acceptable?" The Buddha answered: "You may make an image of the Bodhisattava""
6701:
The variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. Here the first panel shows the adoration of a stupa by four Indian devotees. Then, other devotees simply line up in the second and the third panels below.
6499:
kings seated with their attendants on the folds of seven-hooded Nagas, whose coils mingled with the waters of the river are carried through to the ends of the architrave, and go to form the spirals adorning its extremities. The sea monsters
4545:
and throne, to which devotees are doing obeisance. The figure of the monkey is twice repeated, first with the bowl and then with empty hands after the gift has been made. The incident is portrayed in much the same way on the reliefs of the
2905:
6123:, desiring to possess the mangoes, surrounded the tree with his soldiers, in order to kill the animals, but the Bodhisattva formed a bridge over the stream with his own body and by this means enabled the whole tribe to escape into safety.
7237:
the addition of a wheel at the summit and with certain other variations of detail. For example, the cable necking above the bell-capital, is composed of a series of strands bound together with a riband. Also, the reliefs on the circular
1417:
was the current script) were responsible for the motifs and figures that can be found on the railings of the stupa. Foreigners from Gandhara are otherwise known to have visited the region around the same time: in 115 BCE, the embassy of
561:
5375:. Maya, the queen, is seen lying in a pavilion of the palace, and on her is descending the Bodhisattva in the form of a white elephant. This scene, which was well known to all Buddhists, serves to identify the city here represented as
3701:
The Northern Gateway is the best preserved of all the gateways, and was the second to be erected. The numerous panels relate various events of the life of the Buddha. Only one atypical panel (Right pillar, Inner face/ Top panel) shows
7901:
3704:
3166:
endeavored to gather the eight shares of the relics to divide them up, and distribute them among 84,000 stupas, which he himself erected. He only obtained seven of these portions: he failed to secure the relics of Ramagrama in the
4390:. The Bamboo garden (Venuvana ) at Rajagriha, with the throne of the Buddha in the center and devotees around. The identity of the spot is indicated by the bamboos on either side of the panel. This event refers to a visit of King
3270:
The inscription on the dome of the central stupa reads "L. 1. rano Siri Satakanisa/ L. 2. avesanisa vasithiputasa/ L. 3. Anamdasa danam" ("Gift of Anamda, the son of Vdsithi (Vdsishthi ), the foreman of the artisans (avesanin) of
1890:
1845:
410:, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics. The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby
6750:
Worshipping the Bodhi Tree. This classic and rather simply depicted scene is again the unique didactic scene on this face of the pillar. The following panel in only composed of aligned devotee, and at the bottom is a panel with
5212:
This panel is about the victory of the Buddha over the serpent in the fire chapel at Uruvilva. The Buddha obtained the permission of Kasyapa to pass the night in a fire chapel at his hermitage, which was inhabited by a fearsome
4132:, showing the three favourite residences of the Buddha: the Gandhakuti, the Kosambakuti and the Karorikuti, with the throne of the Buddha in the front of each. The Jetavana garden was presented to the Buddha by the rich banker
6006:. The interpretation of the three sorrowing figures standing on three sides of the throne in the foreground is problematical. In the Mahabhinishkramana scene on the East Gateway we have already seen that the artist inserted a
824:... the path is prescribed both for the monks and for the nuns. As long as (my) sons and great-grandsons (shall reign; and) as long as the Moon and the Sun (shall endure), the monk or nun who shall cause divisions in the
7325:
and adorned with bracelets, earrings, bejewelled necklace and headdress. The hair falls in curls over the shoulders and back, and beneath it at the back fall the ends of two ribbons. It is thought that the statue represents
6275:
gateways of the Great Stupa. Indeed, the majority of these reliefs are mere repetitions of the subjects and scenes portrayed on the larger gateways, with a few exceptions, especially the front face of the lowest architrave.
9741:
A reference to a Yona in the Sanchi inscriptions is also of immense value.(...) One of the inscriptions announces the gift of a Setapathia Yona, "Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam" i.e the gift of a Yona, inhabitant of Setapatha.
6249:
gateways that were built at Sanchi. It is located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. It is also slightly older, and generally dated to the 1st century CE.
3214:
at the extreme right.In the central section are three stupas alternating with four trees with thrones in front of them, adored by figures both human and divine. These represent the six Buddhas of the past (namely :
542:
3080:
between the architraves. When the gateway was restored, the top and the lowest lintels appear to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
7834:
The reliefs of Sanchi, especially those depicting Indian cities, have been important in trying to imagine what ancient Indian cities look like. Many modern simulations are based on the urban illustrations of Sanchi.
7925:
The bone relics (asthi avashesh) of Buddhist Masters along with the reliquaries, obtained by Maisey and Cunningham were divided and taken by them to England as personal trophies. Maisey's family sold the objects to
2588:
8986:
Alcock, Susan E.; Alcock, John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001).
7108:"The glorious Chandragupta (II), (...) who proclaims in the world the good behaviour of the excellent people, namely, the dependents (of the king), and who has acquired banners of victory and fame in many battles"
5668:
This is another portrayal of "The war of the relics" (see Southern Gateway architrave). Here the seven rival claimants, distinguished by their seven royal umbrellas, are advancing with their armies to the city of
6504:) and the heroes wrestling with them, which are portrayed on the false capitals of this architrave, are particularly appropriate in this position, where their coils combine effectively with those of the Nagas.
958:
6055:
7338:
fashioned out of copper gilt, the rest of the statue itself being possibly painted or gilded. This statue stood on the summit of the pillar, and is a work of the Gupta period. The statue is currently in the
5943:
5830:
Syama, the Buddha in a previous life, was the only son of a blind hermit and his wife, whom he supports with devotion. One day, Syama goes to draw water at the river and is shot with an arrow by the King of
3291:
When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the bottom one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
3284:
On each of the projecting ends of this lintel is a horse with attendants and royal umbrella, issuing from a city gate. Possibly it is Kanthaka, the horse of Gautama, when he was going forth from the city of
7133:
period (probably first quarter of 5th century CE). It may have been built for Buddhist use (which is not certain), but the type of which it represents a very early version was to become very significant in
4271:
1979:
1972:
gateways were carved and constructed in the manner of wood and the gateways were covered with narrative sculptures. It has also been suggested that the stone reliefs were made by ivory carvers from nearby
1732:; above that, sixteen-sided. In the octagonal portion all the facets are flat, but in the upper section the alternate facets are fluted, the eight other sides being produced by a concave chamfering of the
3351:
When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the top one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
2808:
418:(ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added. The stupa at Sanchi built during the Mauryan period was made of bricks. The composite flourished until the 11th century.
9692:
4452:
2617:
2466:
994:
4730:
11086:
5712:
fleeing discomfited from the Buddha; to the left, the devas celebrating the victory of the Buddha over the Evil One and exalting his glorious achievements. The temple at Bodh Gaya, which enclosed the
4899:
in order to keep quiet and avoid awakening the guards. The horse is seen progressing from left to right, away from the city, and progressively higher in the air. Siddharta is not visible, but a royal
7770:
of 1817–1819, was the first known Western historian to document in 1818 (in English) the existence of Sanchi Stupa. The site was in a total state of abandon. The Great Stupa was clumsily breached by
8363:
7786:
and treasure hunters ravaged the site until 1881, when proper restoration work was initiated. Between 1912 and 1919 the structures were restored to their present condition under the supervision of
3007:
The Southern Gateway of Stupa No1 is thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa. The narrative friezes of this gateway put great emphasis on the relics of the Buddha, and on the role of
6489:
The only scene which differs materially from those on the gateways of the Great Stupa is the one delineated on the front face of the lowest architrave, which appears to represent the Heaven of
3462:
or "Wheel of the Law", the emblem of the Buddha's first sermon. On either side of the wheel are celestial figures with garlands; below them are four groups of worshipers, and below the latter,
912:, the father of Ashoka. The original 3rd century BCE temple was built on a high rectangular stone platform, 26.52×14×3.35 metres, with two flights of stairs to the east and the west. It was an
2848:
5620:, whose chief is here depicted riding on an elephant and bearing the relics into the town of Kusinagara on his own head. The tree behind the throne in front of the city gate appears to be a
3900:
Elephants facing the four directions decorate the top of the gateway pillars and support the architraves. They are gathered around a central pillar of square section decorated with a large
3581:. He is so shocked that he has to be supported by two of his wives. He would thereafter build a temple around the tree, seen in the panel above, and which would become the sacred temple of
3349:
The scene is carried through on to the projecting ends of the architrave, and the seated elephants on the intervening false capitals are clearly intended to be part and parcel of the scene.
6171:. In the center of the panel is the tree and throne of the Buddha, and round about the throne a company of gods standing upon clouds in attitudes of adoration. At the top of the panel are
5546:
Like the other gateways, the Western Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
3514:. According to Marshall, relating the panel to the next one on the inner face, deities are seen on foot, on horseback and on elephants, hastening to do homage to the Bodhisattva's locks.
1840:. From the 1st century BCE, the highly decorated gateways were built. The balustrade and the gateways were also colored. Later gateways/toranas are generally dated to the 1st century CE.
4563:
2868:
2832:
2305:
The Sanchi pillar capital is keeping the general design, seen at Bharhut a century earlier, of recumbent lions grouped around a central square-section post, with the central design of a
2437:
The southern gate of Stupa No1, thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa, has several depictions of the story of the Buddha's relics, starting with the War over the Relics.
2616:, although the historical period seems too early for their presence in Central India, and the two pointed hats seem too short to be Scythian. The official notice at Sanchi describes "
7244:
There has been much confusion about the dating of this pillars, since it was often presented from the beginning as a pillar of Ashoka. Marshall himself describes the pillar as early
6912:
6018:
5885:
5724:
4398:
4362:
2970:
This anoconism is relation to the image of the Buddha could be in conformity with an ancient Buddhist prohibition against showing the Buddha himself in human form, known from the
2378:
7691:
4625:. Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the right side of the entrance to the stupa. This Dvarapala is faced by another one on the left side.
4422:. Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the left side of the entrance to the stupa. This Dvarapala is faced by another one on the right side.
8864:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
8746:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
7824:
Today, around fifty monuments remain on the hill of Sanchi, including three main stupas and several temples. The monuments have been listed among other famous monuments in the
5256:
and flames blazing upon it. The third phase of the miracle, that of the oblation, is indicated by the single figure of a Brahman holding an oblation spoon over a flaming altar.
8341:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 12 Aug 2016
11103:
974:
2397:
7994:
in 1837, noted that most of them ended with the same two Brahmi characters. Princep took them as "danam" (donation), which permitted the decipherment of the Brahmi script.
4785:
The Eastern Gateway describes historical events during the life of the Buddha, as well as several miracles performed by the Buddha. It was the third gateway to be erected.
1499:
10623:"Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD", Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016
7572:, or the Greek "Yavana" devotees who had dedicatory inscriptions made at Sanchi), but more precise details about exchanges or possible routes of transmission are elusive.
846:
and a crowning ornament of four lions, set back to back, the whole finely finished and polished to a remarkable luster from top to bottom. The abacus is adorned with four
4705:
may be Brahma. At the foot of the ladder the tree and throne are repeated with a trio of devotees on either side, indicating that the Buddha has returned again to earth.
10363:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016
6257:
6040:. The gods entreating the Buddha to preach. The Buddhist scriptures tell us that after his enlightenment the Buddha hesitated to make known the truth to the world. Then
3715:
3019:
12031:
7682:
5520:
4792:
4347:. A king and his royal cortege issuing from a city. As the panel on this side of the pillar relates particularly to Rajagriha, it is probable that the King is either
4136:, who purchased it for as many gold pieces as would cover the surface of the ground. Hence, the foreground of the relief is shown covered with ancient Indian coins (
3793:
2410:
7395:
7718:
1034:, it is presumed that the stupa may have been vandalized at one point sometime in the 2nd century BCE, an event some have related to the rise of the Shunga emperor
2545:
Ashoka in grief, supported by his two queens, in a relief at Sanchi. Stupa 1, Southern gateway. The identification with Ashoka is confirm by a similar relief from
854:, symbolical perhaps of the flock of the Buddha's disciples. The lions from the summit, though now quite disfigured, still testify to the skills of the sculptors.
7217:. On the northwest side of the lowest section, which is still in situ, is a short mutilated inscription in Gupta characters recording the gift of the pillar by a
645:, a parasol-like structure symbolizing high rank. The original Stupa only had about half the diameter of today's stupa, which is the result of enlargement by the
11130:
10777:
7476:
was the last Buddhist temple built during the mid to late 9th century. Another point to be noted is that at that time the monuments were enclosed within a wall.
6154:
5579:
The architraves are all almost intact, but there are almost no remains of "in the round" decorations around or on top of the lintels. Only remains a fragment of
4163:. Presumably, the long band on top of the heads of devotees is the promenade the Buddha is walking on. The long open pavilion (mandapa) calls to mind the one at
4057:). Round the Buddha is a circle of his followers bringing garlands to the tree or in attitudes of adoration. It was beneath a mango tree that, according to the
3183:
An inscription on the dome of the stupa records that the architrave was the gift of one Balamitra, pupil of "Ayachuda (Arya-Kshudra), the preacher of the Law".
2995:
The gateways depict various scenes of the life of the Buddha, as well as events after his death, in particular the War of the Relics and the efforts of emperor
2029:. Instead the artists chose to represent him by certain attributes, such as the horse on which he left his father's home, his footprints, or a canopy under the
5936:
The lower part of the panel appears to have been cut away, when the gateway was restored by Col. Cole. The panel is shown complete in Maisey's illustration in
1784:
The southern gateway of the Great Stupa (Stupa 1) at Sanchi was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably
4084:, the Buddha would simply be shown in his human form, rising slightly in the air, with flames springing from his feet and water emanating from his shoulders.
4065:, when he walked in the air, and flames broke from his shoulders and streams of water from his feet. But here there is no definite indication of the miracle.
1829:. This gave the Satavahanas access to the Buddhist site of Sanchi, in which they are credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original
842:
The pillar, when intact, was about 42 feet in height and consisted of round and slightly tapering monolithic shaft, with bell-shaped capital surmounted by an
7024:. The Satavahanas probably regained the region for some time, but were again replaced by the Western Satraps in the mid-3rd century CE, during the rule of
3954:
as well as intricate vegetal designs. The external face is separated vertically in three bands, the central band consisting in a superposition of numerous
2909:, he walks in the air at the end of the procession, but his presence is only suggested by people turning their heads upward toward the symbol of his path.
2013:
10836:
BUDDHA DISCIPLES WILL BE REBURIED; Relics of Followers of Ancient Leader to Be Reinterred at Rites in India Saturday, THE NEW YORK TIMES, 25 November 1952
3505:
3327:
1728:
The height of the pillar, including the capital, is 15 ft, its diameter at the base 1 ft. 4 in. Up to a height of 4 ft. 6 in. the shaft is
10082:
9757:
9217:"The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE-200 CE" Robin Coningham, Ruth Young Cambridge University Press, 31 aout 2015, p. 414
7569:
6548:
6389:
3864:
3243:. Three are symbolized by their stupas, and four by the trees under which each respectively attained enlightenment. The tree on the extreme right is the
2403:
6695:
5079:
4264:
2942:
rises in the air. The Buddha praised is praised by celestial beings, but only his path is visible in the form of a slab hanging in middle air, called a
1397:
The decorations of Stupa No. 2 have been called "the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence", and this Stupa is considered as the birthplace of
10672:
Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China, Alexander Peter Bell, LIT Verlag Münster, 2000
8894:
Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China, Alexander Peter Bell, LIT Verlag Münster, 2000
8514:
It may be mentioned that the motif of lions carrying a wheel occurs at Sanchis which might be a representation of the Sarnath's Asokan pillar capital .
5926:(partial remain). Only the upper part of this panel remains, but it appears to depict the miraculous crossing of the Ganges by the Buddha when he left
2820:
7543:. Second, another important difference is the treatment of the image of the Buddha: whereas the art of Sanchi, however detailed and sophisticated, is
2897:
In all these scenes, the Buddha is never represented, being absent altogether even from scenes of his life where he is playing a central role: in the
2470:", right after the death of the Buddha, before the War itself. In this relief, the king is seen seated on an elephant, holding the relics on his head.
11521:
7802:
7249:
7165:
5360:
5158:
10814:
Brekke, Torkel, Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology, Numen, Volume 54, Number 3, 2007, pp. 270-303(34)
7997:
An analysis of the donation records shows that while a large fraction of the donors were local (with no town specified), a number of them were from
4018:
1487:
7709:
6031:
3060:
2475:
10720:
The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys Rafi-us Samad, Algora Publishing, 2011
6317:
6302:
6011:
may be a reminder of the Great Renunciation which led to the attainment of Buddhahood, the gateway behind being also a reminder of the gateway of
1552:
12091:
12051:
11258:
6377:
5983:
and the throne of the Buddha, and round them a throng of worshipers, men and women, gods and animals. It is the moment after the discomfiture of
1006:
820:
edicts, which together form the three known instances of Ashoka's "Schism Edict". It relates to the penalties for schism in the Buddhist sangha:
3849:, the Satan of Buddhism, and when he attained to Buddhahood. Human and celestial beings are adoring it. The figure to the left of it is perhaps
2393:
and with his army of demons. Having resisted the temptations of Mara, the Buddha finds enlightenment. Other similar scenes on the same subject:
885:
Sanchi Temple 40 was a 3rd-century BCE temple, one of the first known in India, constructed around the same time as the core of the Great Stupa.
11915:
7248:
in convincing terms, either from the points of view of material, technique or artistry. The Government of India Photo Division describes it in
5396:
5272:
4597:
533:
7547:, the art of Gandhara added illustrations of the Buddha as a man wearing Greek-style clothing to play a central role in its didactic reliefs.
7427:
5196:
1038:
who overtook the Mauryan Empire as an army general. It has been suggested that Pushyamitra may have destroyed the original stupa, and his son
11063:
10938:
Dehejia, Vidya. (1992). Collective and Popular Bases of Early Buddhist Patronage: Sacred Monuments, 100 BC-AD 250. In B. Stoler Miller (ed.)
7255:. The British Library Online also describes it as 3rd century BCE Mauryan, although probably pasting the original text from the 19th century
6116:
5467:
5463:
4532:
4356:
4322:
2344:
Various Jatakas are illustrated. These are Buddhist moral tales relating edifying events of the former lives of the Buddha as he was still a
597:
7334:
thunderbold in the right hand and a halo of 24 rays. The dedication of the Vajrapani pillar is also mentioned in a 5th-century inscription.
5677:
within the city. The princely figures in the corresponding relief at the right end appear to be repetitions of some of the rival claimants.
4235:. The meaning of this scene, which is analogous to several others on the gateways, is not clear. Perhaps, like the scene on the gateways of
3629:. The inscription reads: 'Vedisehi dantakarehi rupadamam katam' meaning "The ivory-carvers from Vidisha have done the carving". Some of the
8712:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD
7943:
nationalistic sense, this marked the formal reestablishment of the Buddhist tradition in India. Some of the relics were obtained by Burma.
7520:, which went on to flourish until around the 4th century CE. The art of Sanchi is thus considered as the ancestor of the didactic forms of
7512:
circa 115 BCE, the art of Sanchi thereafter developed considerably in the 1st century BCE/CE and is thought to predate the blooming of the
7371:
7153:-hall temple, again perhaps Buddhist or Hindu, that was rebuilt over an earlier hall. This was probably covered by a wood and thatch roof.
6986:
The rule of the Satavahanas in the area Sanchi during the 1st centuries BCE/CE is well attested by the finds of Satavahana copper coins in
6675:(tectonic deities) supporting the architraves. This choice is similar to the last of the gateways of the Great Stupa, the Western Gateway.
6603:
5750:
5740:
5621:
5471:
3149:
2136:
1161:
797:
8683:
and when precisely the great work of reconstruction was carried out is not known, but it seems probable that the author of the former was
7700:
5897:
5225:
sacrifice. To the left is the Nairanjana river, in which another ascetic is bathing and from which three young novices are drawing water.
5109:
12101:
11346:
11123:
8446:
is an example of such a hemispherical stupa structure from the Maurya period, that was extensively documented through archaeological work
4998:
2917:
2504:, and enshrined into 84,000 stupas. Ashoka obtained the ashes from seven of the guardian kingdoms, but failed to take the ashes from the
1800:
The inscription appears on the relief of a stupa at the center of the top architrave, at the rear. It is written in three lines in early
1221:
828:, shall be compelled to put on white robes and to reside apart. For what is my desire? That the Sangha may be united and may long endure.
10896:
Indian Epigraphy : A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, Richard Salomon,
6829:
5329:
5304:
4681:, his mother, had been reborn and whither he himself ascended to preach the Law to her. This miracle is supposed to have taken place at
717:
11688:
8280:
7359:
5208:
5184:
4904:
3376:
1358:
indicate that craftsmen from the north-west were responsible for foreign reliefs of Stupa No. 2. This medallion was made circa 115 BCE.
6886:
6772:
5421:
2776:
120:
12086:
11564:
6588:
4641:
513:, the Great Stupa was enlarged and decorated with gates and railings, and smaller stupas were also built in the vicinity, especially
9298:
Presented as a "Mauryan capital, 250 BC" with the addition of recumbent lions at the base, in the page "Types of early capitals" in
5786:
3439:
2580:
As a consequence, Ashoka endeavoured to take care of the Bodhi Tree, and built a temple around it. This temple became the center of
1580:, the disciples of the Buddha are said to have been placed in Stupa No. 3, and relics boxes were excavated tending to confirm this.
87:
12036:
10009:
6576:
6564:
6341:
5673:, the siege of which has not yet begun. The seated chiefly figure at the left end of the architrave may represent the chief of the
3258:
1794:
1748:
leaves falling over the shoulder of the bell. Above this is a circular cable necking, then a second circular necking relieved by a
1725:. That it belongs to about the period of the Sunga, is clear alike from its design and from the character of the surface dressing.
414:. Sanchi was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved
10925:
A study of inscribed reliefs within the context of donative inscriptions at Sanchi, Author: Milligan, Matthew David, Thesis, p. 77
8416:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 p. 50 by Alī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, New York
7278:
3070:
9204:
the "pilaster capitals with Greek florals and a form which is of Greek origin (though generally described as Persian) go back to
7473:
4908:
Siddharta stays in the forest, he is symbolized by the two soles of his feet (extreme right). Siddharta has renounced the world.
3979:. The external face on the right side has the same background decoration, with the three vertical bands and the superposition of
4693:. At the top of the ladder is the tree and throne of the Buddha with the gods on either side in an attitude of adoration. Other
3128:
at or near his capital city, within which the respective portion of the ashes was enshrined. These eight stupas were erected at
1695:
Pillar 25 at Sanchi is also attributed to the Sungas, in the 2nd–1st century BCE, and is considered as similar in design to the
1517:
1312:
12056:
11429:
11278:
11116:
8299:
6970:
6365:
6329:
5099:
Throughout, The Buddha is not visible (aniconism), only represented by a path on the water, and his empty throne bottom right.
5061:
The throne was discovered after excavations near the location of the Bodhi tree in the 19th century, and is now revered at the
1778:
1670:
1577:
426:
7877:
7200:(axis, stubs of the spokes and part of the circumference only), initially located at the Northern Gateway of the Great Stupa.
6353:
6212:, beneath which the Buddha sat shortly after his enlightenment. The figures in the foreground adoring the Buddha appear to be
5998:
The deva with the giant head, riding either on the elephant or on the lion to the right of the panel, is probably meant to be
3124:, his relics were originally divided into eight portions, and shared between eight princes. Each of the princes constructed a
12066:
11772:
11139:
11000:
9459:
8720:
8507:
7142:. The four columns are more traditional, the octagonal shafts rising from square bases to bell capitals, surmounted by large
7113:
7078:
5262:
in the background, decorated with shell designs and surrounded by a square railing, serves to give local color to the scene.
5010:
3483:
12046:
1940:
1664:
3190:
1536:
812:
characters. It is unfortunately much damaged, but the commands it contains appear to be the same as those recorded in the
11399:
11363:
10647:
Reconstructing a Latina Temple Spire: Temple 45, Sanchi, Dissertation submitted to Cardiff University, Fiona Buckee, 2010
8469:
7841:
7256:
4180:
3454:. A Persepolitan column, rising from a stepped base and supporting a wheel with thirty-two spokes and an equal number of
1576:
Stupa No. 3 was built during the time of the Shungas, who also built the railing around it as well as the staircase. The
10552:
9169:
The East: Buddhists, Hindus and the Sons of Heaven, Architecture in context II, Routledge, 2015, by Christopher Tadgell
9087:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 by Alī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008
7631:
5438:. Starting from the base they are as follows: (1) The heaven of the Four Great Kings: the Regents of the Four Quarters (
5096:
repeated, now on dry ground and doing homage to the Master (represented by the throne at the right hand, bottom corner).
4714:
2414:
Temptation of the Buddha, with the Buddha on the left (symbolized by his throne only) surrounded by rejoicing devotees,
11908:
11072:
10792:
6204:. The Buddha, represented by his throne, beneath a flowery tree with hills and jungle around. Possibly the tree is the
5866:. The scene depicts the enlightenment (sambodhi ) of the Buddha. In the center is the throne of the Buddha beneath the
5803:
in the foreground. This can be related to the scenes on the North Gateway and on the small gateway of the Third Stupa.
4984:
4464:
10770:
10330:
Buddhist Art in India, Ceylon, and Java, Jean Philippe Vogel, Adriaan Jacob Barnouw, Asian Educational Services, 1936
5593:
5462:
are born before they appear on earth as the saviors of mankind, and where Maitreya now resides; (5) The heaven of the
3555:. Here the sanctity of the tree is indicated by umbrellas and garlands, and on the throne inside the shrine are three
2051:
11028:
10962:
10947:
10881:
10403:
9655:
9605:
9578:
9551:
9069:
9042:
8998:
8792:
8664:
8617:
8590:
8394:
6195:
4485:
2748:
2633:
2500:
According to Buddhist legend, a few centuries later, the relics would be removed from the eight guardian kingdoms by
1248:
1206:
905:
54:
6817:
1382:
Sunga period railings were initially blank (left: Great Stupa), and only started to be decorated circa 115 BCE with
12081:
11384:
10753:
9423:
7531:
As didactic Buddhist reliefs were adopted by Gandhara, the content evolved somewhat together with the emergence of
2799:
2659:(Greek donors) to the construction of Sanchi is known from three inscriptions made by self-declared Yavana donors:
1616:
1509:
660:, Ashoka was closely connected to the region of Sanchi. When he was heir-apparent and was journeying as Viceroy to
3299:
2271:
period. One of the faces shows a galopping horse carrying a rider, while the other face shows an elephant and its
7782:
made the first formal survey and excavations at Sanchi and the surrounding stupas of the region in 1851. Amateur
4154:
2606:
Some of the friezes of Sanchi also show devotees in Greek attire, wearing kilted tunics and some of them a Greek
2483:
1450:. This would indicate that relations had improved at that time, and that people traveled between the two realms.
1362:
The stupas which seem to have been commissioned during the rule of the Shungas are the Second and then the Third
1324:
364:
323:
10845:
Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda,
7990:
inscriptions. Although most of them are small and mention donations, they are of great historical significance.
6978:
Further stupas and other religious Buddhist structures were added over the centuries until the 12th century CE.
4374:
3530:
2553:
1137:
11042:
11014:
10976:
10873:
Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages
8273:
5129:, on a visit to the Buddha, here symbolized by his empty throne. This visit took place after the conversion of
2756:
1173:
10571:
8691:
kings (184-148 BC), who was notorious for his hostility to Buddhism, and that the restoration was affected by
7415:
6874:
6760:
5258:
The other figures in this panel, of two novices bringing wood and provisions, are mere accessories, while the
4222:
3568:
2887:
rises in the air, praised by celestial beings (but only his path, the horizontal slab in the air, is visible).
2541:
11901:
11557:
11308:
11237:
10981:
7795:
7787:
7025:
4515:
3322:
2964:
2432:
2389:
Numerous scene refer to the temptation of the Buddha, when he was confronted with the seductive daughters of
9907:
Rhi, Ju-Hyung (1994). "From Bodhisattva to Buddha: The Beginning of Iconic Representation in Buddhist Art".
8931:
7051:
did not extend to the Sanchi area, and the few Kushan works of art found in Sanchi appear to have come from
6938:
4852:
symbols in the round, symbols of Buddhism (only one of them remains). The lintels have elephants mounted by
4685:(Sankasya). In the center of the relief is the miraculous ladder by which the Buddha descended, attended by
2636:. The musical instruments are also quite characteristic, such as the "thoroughly Greek" double flute called
1628:
1276:
402:
in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the
284:
11439:
11434:
11183:
11160:
10567:
9683:
These "Greek-looking foreigners" are also described in Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", p. 100
7865:
7801:
Since Sanchi remained mostly intact, few artefacts of Sanchi can be found in Western Museums: for example,
7447:
7339:
7298:
7263:
7201:
7126:
6950:
6707:
4306:
3950:. The external side of the left pillar (facing the east) doesn't have narrative reliefs, but only displays
1185:
1149:
1013:
789:
759:
10754:"'Miscellaneous Series. Plate.12. Juma Masjid, Chanderi'. Maisey in a top-hat sketching in the foreground"
9208:."in "The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity" John Boardman, Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 110
8340:
7383:
6719:
5991:, winged creatures, angels and archangels, each urging his comrades on, went up to the Great Being at the
5235:
4895:
and the dancers are sleeping. Siddharta rides his horse Kanthaka, who is being lifted above the ground by
3938:
3850:
1640:
11389:
7889:
5368:
5352:
4678:
3278:). This inscription has been decisive in attributing the construction of the gateways to the time of the
735:
525:
7649:
5853:
5458:, the God of Death, reigns, where there is no change of day or night; (4) The Tushita heaven, where the
4613:
4541:. The offering of a bowl of honey to the Blessed One by a monkey. The Buddha is here represented by his
3726:
2587:
Other versions of the relief depicting the temple for the Bodhi Tree are visible at Sanchi, such as the
1300:
11533:
11496:
11336:
11283:
9513:
Asoka and the Buddha-Relics, T.W. Rhys Davids, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1901, pp. 397-410
9451:
9301:
8637:
8167:
8005:, Kurara, Nadinagar, Mahisati, Kurghara, Bhogavadhan and Kamdagigam. Three inscriptions are known from
7927:
7806:
7658:
7406:
7169:
6630:
6618:
6205:
6012:
5544:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the last of the four gateway to have been constructed.
5376:
5356:
5341:
5291:
4993:. While the Buddha walks in the air, devotees are aligned and look upwards. The Buddha is not visible (
4884:
4803:
4743:
4722:
4571:
4094:
3286:
3137:
2875:
1915:
1233:
37:
7853:
7266:
gives it a date of 600 CE, which would even put it beyond the Gupta period proper, at the time of the
5684:
5513:
The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is the last of the four gateway of the Great Stupa to have been built.
4522:
on his sword. The top of the panel show celestial divinities celebrating the dedication of the Stupa.
3416:
2743:), also wearing a tunic and a royal headband in the manner of a Greek king, and displaying a Buddhist
421:
Sanchi is the center of a region with a number of stupas, all within a few miles of Sanchi, including
12111:
11694:
8266:
8152:
7135:
5995:'s foot and as they came they shouted for joy that the sage had won; that the Tempter was overthrown.
5490:) in his left. Behind him are his women attendants holding the royal umbrella (muttra) and flywhisk (
4518:, also wearing a tunic and a royal headband in the manner of a Greek king, and displaying a Buddhist
4038:
3409:
3205:
1130:
Undecorated ground railings dated to approximately 150 BCE. Some reliefs on the stairway balustrade.
904:
Another structure which has been dated, at least partially, to the 3rd century BCE, is the so-called
897:
Conjectural reconstruction of the original timber-built Temple 40, burnt down in the 2nd century BCE.
788:
gateway. The bottom part of the pillar still stands. The upper parts of the pillar are at the nearby
5382:
performed on this occasion by walking in mid-air; and, in the extreme left hand bottom corner, is a
2298:
design. Importantly, recumbent animals (lions, symbols of Buddhism) were added, in the style of the
12106:
12076:
12041:
11550:
11373:
11252:
11209:
7779:
7743:
6405:
6309:
5251:
In the relief, this triple miracle is dramatically represented. In the foreground, to the right, a
5133:, which was brought about by a series of miracles, one of which is illustrated in the panel above.
3639:" give an indication of the kind of ivory works that could have influenced the carvings at Sanchi.
3577:. Ashoka is in grief as he saw the pipal tree of the Buddha being neglected by the jealous Empress
2839:
2532:, but he failed, the Nagas being too powerful. Southern gateway, Stupa 1, Southern Gateway, Sanchi.
801:
641:, with a raised terrace encompassing its base, and a railing and stone umbrella on the summit, the
629:
The "Great Stupa" at Sanchi is the oldest structure and was originally commissioned by the emperor
552:
308:
9032:
6869:
guardian deity as seen on the other gateways, or possibly a devotee, as he seems not to be armed.
6755:
guardian deity as seen on the other gateways, or possibly a devotee, as he seems not to be armed.
3803:
3551:
beneath which the Buddha had attained enlightenment) was erected by Asoka himself. This Temple is
3232:
2033:
at the point of his enlightenment. The human body was thought to be too confining for the Buddha.
1652:
1264:
585:
11867:
11459:
11303:
11155:
10897:
9238:
8930:
An Indian Statuette From Pompeii, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, in Artibus Asiae, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1950)
8114:
7767:
7253:
7071:
in the year 412-423 CE can be found on the railing near the Eastern Gateway of the Great Stupa.
4953:
holding a Buddhist banner. They are gathered around a pillar of square section, decorated with a
4438:
2237:
1902:
1075:. The Sungas nearly doubled the diameter of the initial stupa, encasing it in stone, and built a
673:
10858:
10069:
Interpretation in "Ashoka in Ancient India", by Nayanjot Lahiri, Harvard University Press, 2015
7622:
6536:
5347:
3891:
3086:
2516:
2187:(2nd century BCE), and the pillar capitals of the Satavahanas at Sanchi (1st centuries BCE/CE).
1288:
12061:
11872:
11511:
11247:
10913:
8365:
Rs 50, Rs 200, Rs 500 and Rs 2000 notes images: Here are the new currency notes released by RBI
7771:
7739:
7313:
7100:
6974:
Stupas and monasteries at Sanchi in the early centuries of the Common Era. Reconstruction, 1900
6855:
6741:
5580:
4768:
4025:
3881:
2156:
1911:
739:
727:
10871:
10736:
10685:
10612:
10454:
10419:
Kuraishi, Mohammad Hamid; Kak, Ram Chandra; Chanda, Ramaprasad; Marshall, John Hubert (1922).
10376:
10070:
9833:
9719:
9645:
9624:
9568:
9541:
9350:
9218:
9182:
9142:
9100:
9059:
8988:
8919:
8907:
8880:
8842:
8771:
8654:
8607:
8529:
6524:
5832:
5244:. This is a depicting of the miracles of the wood, the fire and the offering. In the story of
3656:
1990:
668:(10 kilometers from Sanchi), and there married the daughter of a local banker. She was called
12071:
10721:
10697:
10673:
10658:
10624:
10600:
10364:
10343:
10331:
9794:
9595:
9525:
9490:
9362:
9329:
9317:
9264:
9193:
9181:
A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture by Deborah S. Hutton, John Wiley & Sons, 2015,
9170:
9088:
8895:
8865:
8815:
8747:
8710:
8580:
8417:
8384:
7930:
where they stayed for a long time. The Buddhists in England, Sri Lanka and India, led by the
7750:
7640:
7283:
7238:
7224:
7143:
7029:
6438:
Genies among foliage forming scrolls. This kind of scrolls are generally considered to be of
5962:
5819:
5700:
This scene extends over the three sections of the architrave, In the center is the temple of
4866:
3739:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". The Northern Gateway was the second to be erected.
2921:
2892:
2625:
2598:
2577:
was not properly being taken care of and dying out due to the neglect of Queen Tiṣyarakṣitā.
2026:
1586:
The single torana gateway oriented to the south is not Shunga, and was built later under the
843:
747:
708:
669:
529:
453:
172:
10709:
10657:
Ornament in Indian Architecture, Margaret Prosser Allen, University of Delaware Press, 1991
10183:
8352:
7484:
were still standing, and Sanchi, being situated on a hill, had escaped the onslaught of the
7252:
as "An Asoka pillar and its broken lion capital near the south gateway of the Great Stupa."
7028:(255-278 CE). The Western Satraps remained well into the 4th century as shown by the nearby
5570:
4596:
with attendants, one of whom is holding the royal umbrella. The reason for the banyan tree (
4410:
3958:(nine in total), and the two external bands consisting in a superposition of hooks holdings
3928:
3366:
12096:
11341:
10846:
10775:
Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918). pp. 7-29 on line, Project South Asia.
10708:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
10696:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
10182:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
9115:
Mālwa in Post-Maurya Period: A Critical Study with Special Emphasis on Numismatic Evidences
8814:
Ornament in Indian Architecture Margaret Prosser Allen, University of Delaware Press, 1991
7828:
7814:
7775:
6480:
6067:
5434:) or "Kamavachara heavens", in which the passions are still unsubdued, an integral part of
4943:
4648:
4030:
3845:(Vajrasana) of the Buddha, whereon he sat when he withstood the temptations and threats of
2949:
Otherwise, the presence of the Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne, as in the scene of
2218:
2122:
932:
11279:
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
9361:
A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set), Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2003
9285:
6798:
5635:
4917:
1955:
8:
11394:
11351:
11313:
8918:
Ancient Indian History and Civilization, Sailendra Nath Sen, New Age International, 1999
8041:
8032:
7540:
7267:
7074:
4949:
The pillars of the Eastern Gateway feature elephants in the four direction, conducted by
2191:
2168:
2108:
2058:
1409:
script. This seems to imply that foreign workers from the north-west (from the region of
1052:
The style of the Shunga period decorations at Sanchi bear a close similarity to those of
981:
391:
268:
10426:
6457:
5451:
1602:
492:
The monuments at Sanchi today comprise a series of Buddhist monuments starting from the
10556:
10057:
9924:
9671:
9232:
8684:
8656:
India: An Archaeological History: Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Historic Foundations
8557:
8456:
8431:
7907:
A vision of ancient Indian court life, using motifs from Sanchi (wood engraving, 1878).
7669:
7513:
6443:
5435:
5221:
reporting to him the miracle; and near by is a small fire altar and the instruments of
4653:
4547:
4480:
These have been called "Greek-looking foreigners" wearing Greek clothing complete with
4276:
4077:
3951:
3854:
2956:
2952:
Bimbisara with his royal cortege issuing from the city of Rajagriha to visit the Buddha
1345:
1035:
637:
in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a hemispherical brick structure built over the
390:
at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of
11098:
10635:
10587:
10510:
10466:
10440:
10318:
10284:
10269:
10257:
10225:
10212:
10171:
10144:
10126:
10094:
9995:
9975:
9942:
9895:
9884:
9869:
9818:
9806:
9769:
9475:
9401:
9389:
9377:
9017:
8970:
8955:
8943:
8541:
8484:
7966:
6420:
4927:, under foliage and hanging in front of an elephant, on the side.of the East Gateway.
4697:
attend on him as he descends, among whom the one to the right of the ladder holding a
3224:
1067:
1042:
rebuilt it. The original brick stupa was covered with stone during the Shunga period.
573:
532:
in India, from the early stages of Buddhism and its first artistic expression, to the
11242:
11204:
11038:
11024:
11010:
10996:
10972:
10958:
10943:
10877:
10803:
10399:
9790:
9651:
9601:
9574:
9570:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
9547:
9455:
9258:
9065:
9038:
8994:
8788:
8716:
8660:
8613:
8586:
8503:
8390:
8237:
8227:
8217:
7931:
7758:
7532:
7509:
4900:
4305:. In the upper part of the panel is an artificial cave resembling in its facade many
3386:
3279:
3228:
2718:
2299:
1814:
1696:
1583:
The reliefs on the railings are said to be slightly later than those of Stupa No. 2.
1454:
1443:
1390:
1383:
1102:
1000:
Remains of the shaft of the pillar of Ashoka, under a shed near the Southern Gateway.
965:
781:
689:
642:
514:
510:
502:
407:
7974:
form the word "dǎnam" (donation). This hypothesis permitted the decipherment of the
7290:
3216:
2069:
1687:
11882:
11489:
11189:
10741:. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. 1851. pp. 108–109.
10530:
9916:
9099:
In the Realm of Gods and Kings by Andrew Topsfield, Philip Wilson Publishers, 2014
8838:
6501:
5443:
5062:
4069:
3988:
3963:
3671:'s window with an umbrella on either side. The meaning of this scene is uncertain.
2814:
Foreigners holding grapes and riding winged lions, Sanchi Stupa 1, Eastern Gateway.
2570:
2287:
2226:
2195:
1098:
1057:
938:
916:
hall, probably made of timber. It was burnt down sometime in the 2nd century BCE.
399:
10395:
9642:"Musicians generally described as "Greeks" from the eastern gateway at Sanchi" in
9514:
7504:
Although the initial craftsmen for stone reliefs in Sanchi seem to have come from
7149:
Next to Temple 17 stands Temple 18, the framework of a mostly 7th-century apsidal
7032:
mentioning the construction of a well by the Saka chief and "righteous conqueror"
4335:
2460:
Other narrative panels related to the War over the Buddha's Relics at Sanchi are:
11573:
11449:
11295:
11093:
11087:"Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh)", Jacques-Edouard Berger Foundation, World Art Treasures
11076:
10781:
9856:"The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity, John Boardman, 1993, p. 112 Note 91
9734:
9445:
9279:
9113:
8497:
8386:
Buddhist Circuit in Central India: Sanchi, Satdhara, Sonari, Andher, Travel Guide
8222:
8137:
7210:
7068:
7009:
6919:
6439:
6213:
6099:
5800:
5645:
4694:
4297:
3635:
2854:
Foreigners on horses, wearing headbands, caps and boots. Western gate of Stupa 1.
2357:
2244:
2075:
1946:
1559:
360:
209:
187:
20:
11108:
8351:
Buddhist Circuit in Central India: Sanchi, Satdhara, Sonari, Andher, Travel ...
6268:
4848:
The architraves are all almost intact. They were crowned by two large decorated
3756:
3220:
2247:
is a pillar capital discovered in the archaeological excavations at the ancient
2025:
On these stone carvings the Buddha was never depicted as a human figure, due to
11978:
11893:
11826:
11611:
11479:
11379:
11232:
10420:
10303:
9441:
9205:
8679:"Who was responsible for the wanton destruction of the original brick stupa of
8304:
7960:
7818:
7783:
7193:
7033:
7006:
6662:
6107:
was born as a monkey, ruler over 80,000 monkeys. They lived at a spot near the
5050:
5022:
4954:
4880:
4284:
3980:
3955:
3901:
3842:
3808:
3775:
The architraves are all almost intact. They are crowned by two large decorated
3735:. The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
3664:
3630:
3240:
3236:
3039:. The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
2733:
2306:
2264:
2234:
2222:
2172:
2044:
Evolution of the Indian load-bearing pillar capital, down to 1st century Sanchi
1830:
1212:
1121:
942:
847:
751:
430:
403:
380:
368:
191:
9328:
Early Byzantine Churches in Macedonia & Southern Serbia by R.F. Hoddinott
7774:
in 1822, although he was not able to reach the center, and he then abandoned.
7184:
7002:, as well as the Satakarni inscription on the Southern Gateway of Stupa No.1.
6652:
5540:. The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
4812:. The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
1350:
12025:
12008:
11516:
11406:
11147:
9832:
Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics by Andrew Stewart
8688:
8443:
8309:
8172:
8142:
7991:
7979:
7939:
7048:
6126:
5674:
5650:
5613:
5604:
5494:). In the bay to his right, seated on a slightly lower seat, is his viceroy (
5447:
4702:
4489:
4318:
4314:
4133:
3344:
3168:
2675:, a place where other dedications by Yavanas are known, in cave No.17 of the
2546:
2454:
2441:
2291:
2207:
2203:
2036:
1850:
1826:
1801:
1527:
1046:
634:
506:
493:
434:
395:
338:
325:
11069:
11007:
The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu
6290:
5835:, who is out hunting. Owing to the king's penitence and his parents' sorrow
4447:. Probably the dedication of a stupa, but it might also refer to the death (
2671:
of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city, possibly a location near
11998:
11795:
11780:
11682:
11600:
11592:
11469:
11454:
11424:
11263:
11199:
10646:
10534:
10389:
8252:
8162:
8132:
7536:
7521:
7310:
7245:
7229:
7197:
7130:
7090:
7017:
6836:
6512:
5984:
5970:
5879:
5841:
5826:
5709:
5695:
5612:. After the death of the Buddha his relics were taken possession of by the
5475:
5459:
5017:
4674:
4665:
4501:
3967:
3846:
3828:
3780:
3608:
3466:, to indicate the spot where the first sermon was preached, namely, in the
3459:
3275:
3263:
2980:
2972:
2645:
2608:
2573:. However Ashoka was profoundly grieved when he discovered that the sacred
2457:, which has been relied on for the understanding of ancient Indian cities.
2415:
2390:
2349:
2339:
2283:
2279:
2268:
2210:
2180:
1907:
1858:
1818:
1785:
1745:
1741:
1097:, the Wheel of the Law. The dome was set on a high circular drum meant for
1031:
793:
763:
699:
524:
period and later. Altogether, Sanchi encompasses most of the evolutions of
521:
497:
438:
352:
9847:"The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity", John Boardman, 1993, p. 112
9789:
The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology,
7951:
7734:
7067:
The next rulers of the area were the Guptas. Inscriptions of a victorious
4112:
2620:". The men are depicted with short curly hair, often held together with a
613:
11506:
11484:
11474:
11328:
11219:
8202:
8197:
7443:
7139:
6809:
6555:
6396:
6162:
6104:
5670:
5663:
5654:
5625:
5617:
5608:
5560:
5383:
5372:
4585:
4505:
4448:
4352:
3616:
3602:
3578:
3340:
3332:
3248:
2714:
2680:
2676:
2501:
2467:
The King of the Mallakas bringing the relics of the Buddha to Kushinagara
2428:
2345:
2326:
2256:
2230:
2176:
2164:
2089:
1919:
1712:
1587:
1435:
1427:
920:
re-using some of the pillars and putting them in their present position.
805:
677:
638:
555:, 1851 (The Great Stupa on top of the hill, and Stupa 2 at the forefront)
356:
183:
10771:
John Marshall, "An Historical and Artistic Description of Sanchi", from
9623:
Ashoka in Ancient India Nayanjot Lahiri, Harvard University Press, 2015
9349:
Age of the Nandas and Mauryas by Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri
8582:
The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology
5531:
5474:
gods, who indulge in pleasures created for them by others and over whom
5142:(This face is concerned with the miracles by which Buddha converted the
3779:
symbols in the round, symbols of Buddhism, as well as the remnants of a
2282:
period, also incorporates many of these characteristics, with a central
1447:
1378:
649:. It was covered in brick, in contrast to the stones that now cover it.
11836:
11790:
11657:
11649:
11416:
11368:
11175:
9928:
9843:
9841:
8328:
8242:
8071:
8010:
7917:
7555:
7551:
7093:
7055:. In particular, a few Mathura statues in the name of the Kushan ruler
6471:
6246:
6172:
6112:
6056:
The Buddha is Prepared to Preach the Doctrine (in "The Life of Buddha")
5992:
5980:
5904:
5871:
5867:
5713:
5705:
5337:
5312:
5087:
5042:
5031:
4593:
4576:
4542:
4202:
4188:
4137:
4046:
3834:
3607:. In the lowest panel of the inner face is a company of deities in the
3552:
3548:
3544:
3385:
The pillars of the Southern Gateway feature lions in the manner of the
3244:
3211:
2935:
2880:
2710:
2706:
2574:
2566:
2488:
2450:
2445:
2353:
2278:
The pillar capital in Bharhut, dated to the 2nd century BCE during the
2030:
1854:
1763:
1757:
1708:
1704:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1402:
1367:
1080:
1076:
767:
520:
Simultaneously, various temple structures were also built, down to the
476:
and Rani Kamlapati to Sanchi railway station. Buses are available from
3621:
This particular relief was dedicated by the Guild of Ivory Carvers of
3594:
1910:, who ruled in 50-25 BCE. Another early Satavahana monument is known,
891:
12003:
11877:
11841:
11831:
11785:
11676:
11668:
11638:
11630:
11464:
11444:
11273:
11227:
9702:
9700:
8692:
8207:
8182:
8109:
8066:
7935:
7402:
7327:
7294:
7161:
7157:
6999:
6893:
6866:
6779:
6752:
6209:
6138:
6073:
6049:
5927:
5918:
5701:
5402:
5278:
5126:
5120:
5116:
5066:
5055:
5046:
5035:
4994:
4888:
4849:
4620:
4601:
4589:
4458:
4445:
Foreigners making a dedication to Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa
4417:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4348:
4343:
4301:
4252:
4073:
4054:
3992:
3971:
3838:
3812:
3776:
3742:
turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
3582:
3538:
3174:, in face of the resolute opposition of their devoted guardians, the
3145:
3141:
3129:
3110:
3101:
2581:
2562:
2525:
2509:
1922:, which is much less developed artistically than the Sanchi toranas.
1898:
1729:
1473:
1366:(but not the highly decorated gateways, which are from the following
1355:
1061:
1039:
909:
858:
657:
653:
442:
441:(10 km SW of Sanchi). Further south, about 100 km away, is
297:
10524:
9920:
9838:
7453:
3783:(Wheel of the Law) at the center. The lintels have seated lions and
3705:
Foreigners making a dedication at the Southern Gateway of Stupa No 1
3389:. They are the only pillar capitals of the Sanchi complex to do so.
1897:
There are some uncertainties about the date and the identity of the
1881:"Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of
808:
from the Gupta period. The Ashokan inscription is engraved in early
762:. To the right: depiction of the four lions capital surmounted by a
375:, district headquarter and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-east of
11956:
11810:
11757:
11749:
11268:
8247:
8212:
8104:
7673:
7636:
The Buddha, under the umbrella on the chariot, is not illustrated.
7544:
7517:
7505:
7480:
7096:
7085:
7056:
7021:
7013:
6447:
5976:
5944:
The Buddha Instructs the Monks of Vaisali (in "The Life of Buddha")
5439:
5431:
5371:, the mother of the Buddha, otherwise called the conception of the
4958:
4924:
4857:
4839:
4682:
4669:
4657:
4551:
4519:
4280:
4210:
4196:
4164:
4129:
4125:
4105:
4101:
4081:
4062:
4006:
3905:
3858:
3784:
3766:
3556:
3455:
3307:
3157:
2960:
2744:
2621:
2418:
and his daughters (center), and the demons of Mara fleeing (right).
2295:
2260:
2248:
1760:
in relief. The crowning feature, probably a lion, has disappeared.
1477:
1465:
1410:
879:
817:
422:
11542:
9697:
8468:
Reconstitution with four lions and crowning wheel by Percy Brown:
7766:
General Henry Taylor (1784–1876) who was a British officer in the
6430:
6092:
4041:(also called Mango Tree Miracle, when the Buddha walks in the air)
3162:
About two centuries later, in order to spread the Buddhist faith,
2602:
Foreign devotees and musicians on the Northern Gateway of Stupa I.
2263:. It has been variously dated from the 3rd century BCE during the
1977:, and an inscription on the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa ("
968:
in polished stone (right of the Southern Gateway), with its Edict.
437:(respectively 11 km and 17 km SE of Sanchi), as well as
433:(also called Morel Khurd, a fortified hilltop with 60 stupas) and
11851:
11805:
11738:
11730:
11619:
11194:
10738:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
10684:
Asoka, Mookerji Radhakumud, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1962
8294:
8192:
8187:
8177:
8157:
8147:
8081:
8076:
8002:
7559:
7525:
7524:
that would follow, such as the art of Gandhara. It is also, with
7489:
7458:
7189:
7150:
7052:
6987:
6609:
6467:
6225:
6166:
6131:
6120:
5931:
5922:
5708:
and the throne of the Buddha within; to the right, the armies of
5495:
5252:
5245:
5146:
5143:
5130:
5092:
4756:
4751:
4592:) with garlands in their hands. To the right of the tree is King
4511:
4310:
4168:
4141:
4117:
3984:
3959:
3668:
3626:
3622:
3471:
3467:
3450:
3252:
3133:
2729:
2722:
2652:
2310:
2252:
2184:
2095:
2080:
2003:
1984:
1974:
1737:
1716:
1543:
1523:
1505:
1439:
1372:
1255:
1239:
1053:
913:
813:
792:. The capital consists in four lions, which probably supported a
743:
734:, as discovered (left), and simulation of original appearance by
665:
621:
481:
446:
411:
10425:. Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India. pp.
9647:
The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks
8985:
7499:
6496:
5988:
5875:
5861:
5214:
5204:
3331:
This Sanchi relief permitted this reconstruction of the city of
3175:
3114:
2557:
Bodhi tree temple depicted in Sanchi, Stupa 1, Southern gateway.
2529:
2505:
2018:
meaning "The ivory-workers from Vidisha have done the carving".
1375:
for the earliest, with some reworks down to the 1st century CE.
11846:
11713:
11705:
11501:
11318:
11058:
10971:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
10526:
Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa in 1874-75 and 1876-77
8680:
8099:
8051:
8006:
7998:
7987:
7975:
7971:
7956:
7825:
7810:
7550:
The presence of Greeks at or near Sanchi at the time is known (
7493:
7485:
7466:
7462:
7317:
7214:
7173:
7122:
6991:
6924:
6672:
6182:
6108:
6041:
6007:
6003:
5914:
5760:
5717:
5584:
5541:
5491:
5487:
5180:
5170:
4950:
4896:
4892:
4853:
4813:
4731:
Siddhartha Leaves His Father's Palace (in "The Life of Buddha")
4698:
4686:
4580:
4497:
4469:
4206:
4192:
4050:
3736:
3491:
3446:
3121:
3106:
3097:
3040:
3008:
2996:
2975:
2939:
2884:
2795:
2752:
2641:
2569:
under which the Buddha had his enlightenment, as described his
2521:
2368:
Numerous miracles made by the Buddha are recorded. Among them:
2272:
2214:
2160:
2143:
1969:
1857:
of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king
1753:
1431:
1406:
1398:
1094:
1072:
985:
862:
834:
825:
809:
785:
731:
661:
646:
630:
477:
473:
469:
415:
376:
372:
10422:
Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sanchi, Bhopal State
4856:, and a single seated lion, at their ends. A single remaining
4829:
2967:
detailed every panel in his seminal work "A Guide to Sanchi".
625:
Plan of the monuments of the hill of Sanchi, numbered 1 to 50.
11358:
9316:
Early Buddhist Narrative Art by Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky
9194:"Buddhist Architecture" by Huu Phuoc Le Grafikol, 2010, p. 44
7331:
7330:. The attribution to Vajrapani is indicated by the stub of a
7322:
6594:
6490:
6178:
6045:
5999:
5836:
5796:
5483:
5259:
5222:
5176:
5166:
4690:
4493:
4481:
4473:
4293:
4238:
4230:
3612:
3171:
3163:
3125:
3030:
2672:
2656:
2637:
2629:
2613:
2536:
2199:
1837:
1834:
1822:
1733:
1493:
Foreigner on a horse. The medallions are dated circa 115 BCE.
1401:
illustrations. The reliefs at Stupa No.2 bear mason marks in
1363:
1045:
Given the rather decentralized and fragmentary nature of the
851:
771:
755:
387:
227:
195:
161:
8699:
p. 38. Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918).
5720:. Its portrayal in this scene, therefore, is an anachronism.
5125:. Bimbisara with his royal cortege issuing from the city of
3496:. The Emperor Asoka in his chariot with his retinue around.
2912:
2697:
The third inscription, on two adjacent pavement slabs reads
861:
out of which the pillar is carved came from the quarries of
567:
The Great Stupa (Stupa No.1), started in the 3rd century BCE
472:
which is 55 km away from it. Trains are available from
9650:. Princeton University Press. pp. 441–444, Fig. 15.6.
9535:
9533:
8569:
Buddhist Architecture, Lee Huu Phuoc, Grafikol 2009, p. 147
8018:
7912:
7570:
foreigners illustrated at Sanchi worshiping the Great Stupa
6995:
5624:( shorea robusta ), and to refer to the fact that Buddha's
5455:
4860:(top right corner) suggests that many more have been lost.
4058:
3463:
3272:
3153:
2691:
2668:
2000:𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀓𑁂𑀨𑀺 𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀨𑀺 𑀭𑀼𑀧𑀓𑀁𑀫𑀁 𑀓𑀢𑀁
1882:
1749:
1508:
with lotus and two child attendants, probably derived from
1112:
Great Stupa (No1). Shunga period structures and decorations
10993:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms
7228:
Pillar 26: lion pillar capital at time of discovery, with
4539:
Offering of a bowl of honey to the Blessed One by a monkey
3255:
Buddha. The identification of the others is less certain.
2321:
2037:
Architecture: evolution of the load-bearing pillar capital
1339:
429:, now enshrined in the new Vihara, were unearthed there),
10418:
7970:
The last two letters to the right of this inscription in
4033:
performing the Miracle of Sravasti, Gandhara, 100-200 CE.
3970:
on their sole. The pillar face is crowned by a decorated
3841:
with an umbrella and streamers above, and, in front, the
3615:
held sway, rejoicing over and worshiping the hair of the
11035:
The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
9530:
9495:
8479:
8477:
5583:
with a base composed of lions, at the center top of the
5466:, who create their own pleasures; (6) The heaven of the
4399:
The Buddha at the Bamboo Grove (in "The Life of Buddha")
4201:. A royal procession issuing from a city gate, probably
2903:
he is just represented by his path on the water; in the
10017:
Ancient Nepal: Journal of the Department of Archaeology
9744:
The word Yona can't be here anything, but a Greek donor
6019:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5886:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5725:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5041:
The illumination of the Buddha occurred here under the
4363:
Siddhartha and King Bimbasara (in "The Life of Buddha")
4144:, where the details of the coins are more in evidence.
937:
Approximate reconstitution of the Great Stupa with its
505:. During the following centuries, especially under the
460:
to signify its importance to Indian cultural heritage.
10849:, Journal of Burma Studies, Volume 4, 1999 pp. 101-128
10342:
The Goose in Indian Literature and Art, Brill Archive
7934:
demanded that they be returned. Some of the relics of
7282:
Pillar 35 column stump (right), and bell capital with
6808:
not have decoration on the back. The top panel is the
6175:
bringing garlands and below them, on each side of the
5001:) is, separating the panel horizontally in two parts.
4325:
who accompanied him, it is not possible to determine.
4108:, showing the three preferred residences of the Buddha
2225:, which is the main motif. These are quite similar to
2194:(3rd century BCE) is decorated with rows of repeating
1891:
Inscription of the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa
11319:
Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty
11081:
10529:. Archaeological Survey of India. p. Plate XXI.
9131:
Indian and Foreign Review – Volume 23 – Page 58, 1985
8474:
6495:
Then, in the corners next to the false capitals, are
5979:) of the Buddha. Towards the top of the panel is the
5878:
and Nagis celebrating the victory of the Buddha over
4510:
Another rather similar foreigner is also depicted in
4005:(Most of the scenes on this face appear to relate to
3210:
Six Buddhas of the past and Gautama Buddha, with his
2900:
Miracle of the Buddha walking on the river Nairanjana
2794:
Detail of the foreigners, in Greek dress and playing
2728:
Another rather similar foreigner is also depicted in
2449:
of the Satavahanas, as well as a view of the city of
2229:
designs, and the capital has been described as quasi-
1901:
in question, as a king Satakarni is mentioned in the
245:
16.46 m (54.0 ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)
11507:
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
11037:, 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin,
10450:
10448:
10156:
Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", p. 100
9739:. Indian Archaeological Society. 1975. p. 188.
9340:
India Archaeological Report, Cunningham, pp. 185-196
8906:
Buddhist Architecture, Huu Phuoc Le, Grafikol, 2010
7450:, Buddhist artistic creation at Sanchi slowed down.
7221:(master of a monastery), the son of Gotaisimhabala.
6865:
aligned devotees, and at the bottom is a panel with
2963:, but this time with representations of the Buddha.
2159:
of various areas of northern India from the time of
1764:
Satavahana period (1st century BCE – 1st century CE)
452:
Sanchi Stupa is depicted on the reverse side of the
11047:
Life in Sanchi sculpture by A. L Srivastava( Book )
10969:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
10823:"Ceylon Allowed To Keep Sanchi Relics Till May 8",
9864:
9862:
9234:
Archaeological Survey Of India Annual Report 1906-7
8021:of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city.
5486:) in his right hand and a flask containing nectar (
4755:: This panel may represent the Buddha teaching the
2155:Similarities have been found in the designs of the
608:
258:
36.6 m (120 ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)
8990:Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History
8631:
8629:
7986:Sanchi, especially Stupa 1, has a large number of
6245:The gateway of Stupa No 3, is the last of all the
2495:
2487:War over the Buddha's Relics, kept by the city of
1983:") was dedicated by the Guild of Ivory Carvers of
1476:point to craftsmen from the north-west (region of
1128:(Stupa expansion and balustrades only are Shunga).
1025:
780:A pillar of finely polished sandstone, one of the
12032:3rd-century BC religious buildings and structures
11522:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai
11138:
11070:Source Documents and Texts in South Asian Studies
10445:
9674:, published by Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, 1991, p. 12
8499:Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
8013:) donors at Sanchi, the clearest of which reads "
5525:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE.)
5290:(This face of the pillar is devoted to scenes at
4797:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE/CE.)
4241:(nandana), where pleasure and passion held sway.
3831:and his daughters, and the demons of Mara fleeing
2826:Foreign horseriders, Southern Gateway of Stupa 3.
1933:From ivory to stone carving under the Satavahanas
1925:
1752:and lozenge pattern, and, finally, a deep square
1442:is recorded, in which Heliodorus established the
850:designs separated one from the other by pairs of
371:, India. It is located, about 23 kilometers from
12023:
11923:
11380:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
10477:Rowland, 219-220; Harle, 111; Michell (1988), 94
9859:
9260:Sarnath : Archaeology, Art and Architecture
8412:
8410:
8408:
8406:
7488:conquerors who had destroyed the nearby city of
7156:Near the Northwern Gateway also used to stand a
5870:, which is being garlanded by divine musicians (
5119:with his royal cortege issuing from the city of
3247:of Gautama Buddha and the one next to it is the
2721:, around 5 miles from Sanchi, in the village of
2690:, with probably the same meaning, ("Gift of the
2686:A second similar inscription on a pillar reads:
11259:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
11238:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
10582:
10580:
10578:
10505:
10503:
10501:
10313:
10311:
10252:
10250:
10248:
10246:
10244:
10242:
10240:
10238:
10236:
10234:
10207:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10166:
10164:
10162:
10139:
10137:
10135:
10121:
10119:
10117:
10115:
10113:
10111:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10103:
9970:
8695:or his immediate successor." in John Marshall,
8626:
7574:
7442:Following the destruction of the Guptas by the
7344:
6442:origin, and were to be used extensively in the
6252:
5763:(tectonic deities) supporting the architraves.
5515:
4787:
3710:
3014:
2782:Foreigner on a horse, circa 115 BCE, Stupa No2.
2761:
2422:
1691:Sunga pillar No25 with own capital on the side.
1452:
1107:
1056:, as well as the peripheral balustrades at the
922:
798:by later illustrations among the Sanchi reliefs
42:The Great Stupa at Sanchi, Raisen district, MP.
10611:Malwa Through The Ages, by Kailash Chand Jain
10052:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10042:
10040:
10038:
9990:
9988:
9986:
9984:
9968:
9966:
9964:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9956:
9954:
9952:
9950:
8965:
8963:
8552:
8550:
7754:Ruins of the Southern Gateway, Sanchi in 1875.
7020:(130-150 CE), as shown by his inscriptions in
6671:The pillar capitals consist in groups of four
5759:The pillar capitals consist in groups of four
4457:The relief shows 18 of these foreigners and 4
3987:, but lacks the bottom and top symbols of the
3904:design. The capitals are flanked by a dancing
3720:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE.)
3117:, but he failed, the Nagas being too powerful.
3024:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE.)
2906:Procession of king Suddhodana from Kapilavastu
2179:(3rd century BCE), the pillar capitals at the
1594:Stupa No. 3. Shunga structures and decorations
496:period (3rd century BCE), continuing with the
425:(9 km to the W of Sanchi, 40 stupas, the
355:, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at
11909:
11558:
11124:
9127:
9125:
8426:
8424:
8403:
8274:
7663:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7654:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7645:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7579:Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara
7500:Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara
5091:. The Nairanjana river is shown in flood and
4991:The Miracle of Walking in the air at Savrasti
4061:texts, Buddha performed the great miracle at
2316:
672:and later gave Ashoka two sons, Ujjeniya and
10575:
10498:
10455:2500 Years of Buddhism by P.V. Bapat, p. 283
10308:
10231:
10188:
10159:
10132:
10100:
10001:
8389:. Goodearth Publications. 2010. p. 12.
7433:The winged lion capital of pillar 34 (lost).
7005:Soon after, however, the region fell to the
6927:capital (wheel lost) depicted in this panel.
5446:); (2) The heaven of the Thirty-three gods (
5319:to his son after his return to Kapilavastu.
4237:Stupa No3, it may represent the Paradise of
3575:Ashoka in grief, supported by his two queens
2802:flute. Northern Gateway of Stupa I (detail).
2589:Temple for the Bodhi Tree (Eastern Gateway).
1480:) for the earliest reliefs (circa 115 BCE).
11347:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
11099:Monuments at Sanchi (UNESCO World Heritage)
10910:Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor
10359:
10357:
10355:
10353:
10351:
10035:
9981:
9947:
9693:Sanchi notice "Foreigners worshiping Stupa"
9417:
9415:
9111:
9037:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 251.
8993:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
8960:
8837:An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology, by
8652:
8606:Abram, David; (Firm), Rough Guides (2003).
8605:
8547:
6519:Ordered left to right, from top to bottom:
6240:
5716:, was built two centuries later by Emperor
5086:Miracle of the Buddha walking on the River
3833:. Towards the left end of the panel is the
3696:
3002:
2979:(rules of the early Buddhist school of the
2955:. Similar scenes would later appear in the
2717:, is known to have dedicated a pillar, the
2628:. The clothing too is Greek, complete with
2513:hoods at the extreme left under the trees.
2476:The siege of Kushinagara by the seven kings
2384:
2348:. Among the Jatakas being depicted are the
2267:period, to the 1st century BCE, during the
924:Maurya structures and decorations at Sanchi
784:, was also erected on the side of the main
534:decline of the religion in the subcontinent
11916:
11902:
11565:
11551:
11131:
11117:
10793:Reserve Bank of India, know your banknotes
10522:
10375:Indian Numismatic Studies by K. D. Bajpai
10294:
10292:
9263:. Archaeological Survey of India. p.
9165:
9163:
9122:
8890:
8888:
8875:
8873:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8850:
8742:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8421:
8281:
8267:
5508:
4780:
4140:), just as it is in the similar relief at
3687:Blank. All reliefs and inscriptions lost.
2990:
2612:hat. They are also sometimes described as
2537:Building of the Bodh Gaya temple by Ashoka
2373:The miracle of the Buddha walking on water
1804:over the dome of the stupa in this relief.
1167:Shunga vedika (railing) with inscriptions.
11195:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
10394:. Archeological Survey of India. p.
9619:
9617:
9546:. Harvard University Press. p. 162.
9485:
9483:
9064:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 154.
8787:. Patna: Eastern Book House. p. 36.
8763:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8502:. Anmol Publications. 1996. p. 783.
7687:Very similar illustration from Gandhara.
7508:, with the first reliefs being carved at
7342:and is attributed to the 5th century CE.
7232:wheel (reconstruction). Northern Gateway.
5657:under siege (left end of the architrave).
5355:'s dream of the visit of an elephant, in
5183:to the Buddha takes place in the town of
2920:, used to depict the Buddha in motion in
2190:The earliest known example in India, the
1996:"Vedisakehi daṃtakārehi rupakaṃmaṃ kataṃ"
1609:(Stupa and balustrades only are Shunga).
988:, in-situ (detail of the previous image).
800:. The pillar has an Ashokan inscription (
770:period, 1st century CE, South gateway of
16:Buddhist complex in Madhya Pradesh, India
10916:, Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2012
10876:. Oxford University Press. p. 207.
10668:
10666:
10523:Cunningham, Alexander (1 January 1880).
10348:
10279:
10277:
10007:
9941:A Guide To Sanchi, Marshall, John, 1918
9828:
9826:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9779:
9777:
9643:
9638:
9636:
9634:
9632:
9573:. Pearson Education India. p. 333.
9412:
9303:Indian Architecture (Buddhist And Hindu)
9277:
9027:
9025:
8981:
8979:
8810:
8808:
8806:
8804:
8782:
8635:
7965:
7950:
7916:
7913:Chetiyagiri Vihara and the Sacred Relics
7757:
7749:
7733:
7577:
7452:
7347:
7289:
7277:
7223:
7192:capitals at Sanchi, with lions, central
7183:
7084:
7073:
6969:
6918:
6910:
6903:
6853:
6846:
6796:
6789:
6739:
6732:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6643:
6508:
6478:
6455:
6429:
6418:
6286:
6279:
6266:
6255:
6125:
6080:
5950:
5903:
5807:
5774:
5767:
5731:
5682:
5644:
5633:
5591:
5551:
5529:
5518:
5430:. The six inferior heavens of the gods (
5409:
5346:
5285:
5137:
5016:
4972:
4965:
4931:
4864:
4820:
4801:
4790:
4647:
4629:
4463:
4426:
4270:
4246:
4111:
4024:
4000:
3962:. The bottom of the pillar face has two
3919:
3912:
3872:
3802:
3791:
3747:
3724:
3713:
3675:
3644:
3518:
3427:
3400:
3393:
3357:
3326:
3297:
3257:
3188:
3113:, to take relics of the Buddha from the
3084:
3051:
3028:
3017:
2911:
2867:
2764:
2597:
2552:
2540:
2528:, to take relics of the Buddha from the
2515:
2482:
2409:
2320:
1989:
1686:
1377:
1349:
1066:
620:
612:
394:. It was originally commissioned by the
10869:
10289:
10143:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
10125:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
9994:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
9974:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
9879:
9877:
9600:. Oxford University Press. p. 27.
9160:
9083:
9081:
9012:
9010:
8885:
8870:
8847:
8733:
7146:blocks carved with back-to-back lions.
4961:under foliage flanks them on the side.
4721:The Great Departure of the Buddha from
4492:musical instruments ( the double flute
3865:Mara's Defeat (in "The Life of Buddha")
2313:(here the palmette design disappears).
2014:Vedisakehi damtakārehi rupakammam katam
1340:Stupa No. 2: the first Buddhist reliefs
804:) and an inscription in the ornamental
12092:World Heritage Sites in Madhya Pradesh
12052:Tourist attractions in Raisen district
12024:
11430:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
10804:Percy Brown, Indian Architecture, 1955
10731:
10729:
10549:Monolithic Pillars of The Gupta Period
10412:
9817:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9805:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9768:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9729:
9727:
9714:
9712:
9614:
9593:
9501:
9480:
9440:
9252:
9250:
9248:
9227:
9225:
8752:
8585:(in Arabic). SAGE Publications India.
8528:Buddhist Architecture by Huu Phuoc Le
8300:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
7883:Great Stupa, Northern Gateway in 1861.
7847:Great Stupa, Eastern Gateway, in 1875.
7696:The Buddha in person leaves the city.
7365:A Seated Buddha statue (Gupta temple).
7260:Monolithic Pillars of The Gupta Period
6434:Floral scrolls in the art of Gandhara.
6323:Hero with headband wrestling a Makara.
6262:(Stupa No 3, Sanchi. 1st century CE.)
5361:Maya's Dream (in "The life of Buddha)"
3458:devices on its outer rim. This is the
2479:", another relief on the same subject.
1671:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
1578:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
427:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
11897:
11546:
11190:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
11112:
10995:, 1977, University of Chicago Press,
10663:
10387:
10274:
9823:
9774:
9629:
9566:
9539:
9421:
9372:
9370:
9299:
9211:
9140:
9022:
8976:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8801:
8578:
8563:
8524:
8522:
7723:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7714:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7705:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7188:Pillar 26: one of the two four-lions
7125:(following the great cave temples of
7114:Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II
7079:Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II
5860:Enlightenment of the Buddha with the
5607:bringing the relics of the Buddha to
5367:At the top is portrayed the dream of
4673:. The descent of the Buddha from the
4359:Hill, and that the city is Rajagriha.
1980:The Worship of the Bodhisattva's hair
1771:Satavahana gateways (from 50 - 0 BCE)
1087:
11931:
11264:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
9874:
9597:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
9256:
9078:
9057:
9016:John Marshall, "A guide to Sanchi",
9007:
8708:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8373:
8371:
7729:
7465:foundations, rebuilt at the time of
7179:
6038:The Gods entreating Buddha to preach
5454:presides; (3) The heaven over which
5428:The six inferior heavens of the Gods
4484:, capes and sandals, typical of the
3787:, also in the round, at their ends.
2632:, capes and sandals, typical of the
2167:at Sanchi: particularly between the
1472:Shunga period, but mason's marks in
738:(center). It is very similar to the
549:General view of the Stupas at Sanchi
127:
94:
61:
11572:
11364:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
10988:, 1918, Indian Government, Calcutta
10942:. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
10745:
10726:
10381:
9906:
9724:
9709:
9543:Political Violence in Ancient India
9422:Lopez, Donald S Jr. (15 May 2023).
9245:
9222:
8540:John Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8345:
7059:(247-267 CE) were found in Sanchi.
7016:(120 CE), and then certainly under
4461:celestial deities in the sky above.
2838:Foreigner with headband fighting a
2679:complex, and on the pillars of the
2593:
2440:After the death of the Buddha, the
2325:The Great Stupa at the time of the
1871:𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡𑀺𑀲 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀻𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲
1853:records the gift of one of the top
1457:. Shunga structures and decorations
13:
12102:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
10751:
9367:
8820:
8519:
7762:A Gate to the Stupa of Sanchi 1932
7627:Maya's dream of a white elephant.
7121:Temple 17 is an early stand-alone
6981:
6835:Possibly demons, or the attack of
6383:Queen Maya lustrated by Elephants.
4355:, on a visit to the Buddha at the
4251:(This face refers particularly to
2916:"The promenade of the Buddha", or
2701:("Two slabs of Cuda, the Yonaka").
14:
12123:
11104:Google Street View tour of Sanchi
11051:
10551:B.R. Publishing Corporation 2014
10495:Rowland, 219; Michell (1990), 185
10465:Marshall, The Monuments of India
10439:Marshall, The Monuments of India
10056:A Guide to Sanchi, John Marshall
8368:
8331:Frontline Magazine 13–26 May 1989
5969:Enlightenment of the Buddha with
4053:in front (the Buddha, of course,
3449:with his two queens visiting the
2766:Northwestern foreigners at Sanchi
2491:, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi.
449:is 300 km to the northeast.
12087:Buddhist sites in Madhya Pradesh
11987:
11970:
11962:
11945:
11385:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
11369:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
11057:
10919:
10903:
10890:
10863:
10852:
10839:
10830:
10817:
10808:
10797:
10786:
10764:
10714:
10702:
10690:
10678:
10651:
10640:
10629:
10617:
10605:
10593:
10561:
10541:
10516:
10489:
10480:
10471:
10459:
10433:
10369:
10336:
10324:
10263:
10218:
10176:
10150:
10087:
10075:
10063:
9896:A Guide to Sanchi, John Marshall
8050:
7900:
7888:
7876:
7864:
7852:
7840:
7717:
7708:
7699:
7690:
7681:
7657:
7648:
7639:
7630:
7621:
7426:
7414:
7394:
7382:
7370:
7358:
7297:statue of pillar 35, 5th c. CE.
6965:
6949:
6937:
6911:
6885:
6873:
6854:
6828:
6816:
6797:
6771:
6759:
6740:
6718:
6706:
6694:
6661:
6651:
6629:
6617:
6602:
6587:
6575:
6563:
6547:
6535:
6523:
6511:
6479:
6456:
6419:
6404:
6388:
6376:
6364:
6352:
6340:
6328:
6316:
6301:
6289:
6267:
6224:
6194:
6153:
6111:and ate of the fruit of a great
6091:
6066:
6030:
5961:
5896:
5852:
5818:
5785:
5749:
5739:
5683:
5634:
5592:
5569:
5559:
5530:
5420:
5395:
5328:
5303:
5271:
5234:
5195:
5157:
5108:
5078:
5009:
4983:
4942:
4916:
4913:Central front architrave, right
4865:
4838:
4828:
4802:
4767:
4742:
4713:
4640:
4612:
4562:
4531:
4437:
4409:
4373:
4334:
4263:
4221:
4179:
4153:
4093:
4017:
3937:
3927:
3890:
3880:
3792:
3765:
3755:
3725:
3655:
3593:
3567:
3529:
3504:
3482:
3438:
3415:
3408:
3375:
3365:
3306:
3298:
3189:
3085:
3069:
3059:
3029:
2847:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2787:
2775:
2135:
2121:
2107:
2088:
2068:
2050:
1954:
1939:
1866:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀲
1793:
1777:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1601:
1551:
1535:
1516:
1498:
1486:
1464:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1247:
1232:
1220:
1205:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1143:Shunga balustrade and staircase.
1136:
1120:
1005:
993:
973:
957:
931:
890:
878:
716:
707:
698:
683:
652:According to one version of the
609:Mauryan Period (3rd century BCE)
596:
584:
572:
560:
541:
220:
126:
119:
93:
86:
60:
53:
36:
12037:1818 archaeological discoveries
10317:Marshall, " A Guide to Sanchi"
9935:
9900:
9889:
9850:
9811:
9799:
9762:
9750:
9686:
9677:
9664:
9587:
9560:
9524:Asiatic Mythology by J. Hackin
9518:
9507:
9489:Asiatic Mythology by J. Hackin
9468:
9434:
9406:
9394:
9382:
9355:
9343:
9334:
9322:
9310:
9292:
9271:
9198:
9187:
9175:
9151:
9134:
9105:
9093:
9051:
8948:
8936:
8924:
8912:
8900:
8776:
8702:
8673:
8646:
8599:
8572:
8534:
8490:
8462:
7955:Inscribed panel from Sanchi in
7946:
7738:The Great Stupa as breached by
7047:. Therefore, it seems that the
4664:Descent of the Buddha from the
3733:The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1
3037:The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1
2938:is seen praying as his son the
2496:Removal of the relics by Ashoka
1682:
1026:Shunga period (2nd century BCE)
664:, he is said to have halted at
11352:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
8709:Shaw, Julia (12 August 2016).
8653:Chakrabarty, Dilip K. (2009).
8556:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8455:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8449:
8436:
8430:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8357:
8334:
8322:
6554:The Buddha represented by the
6395:The Buddha represented by the
5694:Temptation of the Buddha with
5538:The Western Gateway of Stupa 1
4810:The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1
4161:Aerial promenade of the Buddha
3827:Temptation of the Buddha with
2999:to spread the Buddhist faith.
2842:. Southern Gateway of Stupa 3.
2757:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
2233:. Greek influence, as well as
1961:Yashini, East Gateway, Sanchi.
1926:Material and carving technique
1571:
19:For the crude oil tanker, see
1:
12057:World Heritage Sites in India
11988:
11946:
11309:Khangchendzonga National Park
11140:World Heritage Sites in India
10932:
10599:Great Monuments of India, DK
10586:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
10509:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
10256:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
9147:. Brill Archive. p. 130.
9118:. Punthi Pustak. p. 100.
8969:Marhall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8770:Huu Phuoc Le, Grafikol, 2010
8470:Diagram of Sanchi Great Stupa
8315:
7803:the Gupta statue of Padmapani
7562:
7037:
3816:
3323:Relics associated with Buddha
2928:In one of the reliefs of the
2751:can be seen in the region of
2737:
2663:The clearest of these reads "
2624:of the type commonly seen on
2433:Relics associated with Buddha
2221:, around a prominent central
1719:
1191:Summit railing and umbrellas.
945:
107:Sanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh)
12067:Indian architectural history
11971:
11963:
11924:Adjacent Buddhist structures
11440:Churches and convents of Goa
11435:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
11184:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
11166:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
11161:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
11064:Buddhist monuments at Sanchi
11023:. Sahitya Samsad: Calcutta.
10568:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
10224:A Guide to Sanchi, Marshall
9376:A Guide to Sanchi, Marshall
9112:Chakrabarti, Manika (1981).
9058:Jain, Kailash Chand (1972).
7716:
7707:
7698:
7689:
7680:
7667:
7656:
7647:
7638:
7629:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7448:decline of Buddhism in India
7389:Seated Buddha (Great Stupa).
7377:Buddha Statue (Great Stupa).
7340:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7299:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7273:
7264:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7262:, affirms a Gupta date. The
7202:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7129:), as it dates to the early
7127:Indian rock-cut architecture
6223:
6193:
6152:
6090:
6065:
6029:
5960:
5895:
5851:
5817:
5795:. Probably the "Paradise of
5784:
5568:
5558:
5419:
5394:
5327:
5302:
5294:, the birthplace of Gautama)
5270:
5242:The miracle of fire and wood
5233:
5194:
5156:
5107:
5077:
5008:
4982:
4941:
4915:
4766:
4741:
4712:
4639:
4611:
4604:) and followers around him.
4561:
4530:
4504:), possibly pointing to the
4436:
4408:
4381:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at
4372:
4333:
4262:
4220:
4178:
4167:, which is portrayed in the
4152:
4092:
4016:
3936:
3926:
3889:
3879:
3654:
3592:
3566:
3528:
3503:
3481:
3437:
3414:
3407:
3374:
3364:
3317:War over the Buddha's Relics
3068:
3058:
2863:
2688:"etapathasa (Yona?)sa danam"
2651:The actual participation of
2423:War over the Buddha's Relics
2379:The miracle of fire and wood
1968:Although made of stone, the
1014:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
930:
869:
790:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
760:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
656:, the Buddhist chronicle of
617:The Ashoka pillar at Sanchi.
463:
289:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi
7:
12047:Villages in Raisen district
11359:Group of Monuments at Hampi
9793:India, Upinder Singh, 2016
8659:. Oxford University Press.
8024:
6582:Men and Women on Elephants.
6570:Men and Women on Elephants.
5917:by the Buddha when he left
5913:Miraculous crossing of the
5799:" (nandana) with the river
4879:. During the night, Prince
4774:Unidentified broken scene.
4453:Foreigners worshiping Stupa
3312:Full architrave with wings
2618:Foreigners worshiping Stupa
2404:Enlightenment of the Buddha
2363:
1198:Stairway balustrade reliefs
639:sacred relics of the Buddha
526:ancient Indian architecture
487:
279:Buddhist Monument at Sanchi
10:
12128:
11534:Mountain Railways of India
11497:Historic City of Ahmadabad
11337:Great Living Chola Temples
11156:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
9644:Stoneman, Richard (2019).
9452:Princeton University Press
8015:Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam
7928:Victoria and Albert Museum
7807:Victoria and Albert Museum
7407:Victoria and Albert Museum
7170:Victoria and Albert Museum
7160:pillar. Another pillar of
7103:appearance. 5th century CE
6896:guardian deity or devotee.
6782:guardian deity or devotee.
6103:. The story runs that the
5722:
4887:(far left) while his wife
4396:
3320:
3203:
2890:
2665:Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam
2426:
2337:
2333:
2317:Main themes of the reliefs
1405:, as opposed to the local
1343:
1071:The Great Stupa under the
1012:Side view of the capital.
687:
269:UNESCO World Heritage Site
110:Show map of Madhya Pradesh
18:
11929:
11860:
11819:
11771:
11748:
11729:
11704:
11667:
11648:
11629:
11610:
11591:
11580:
11530:
11512:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
11445:Dholavira:a Harappan city
11415:
11327:
11294:
11218:
11174:
11146:
11092:27 September 2007 at the
10870:Salomon, Richard (1998).
10859:British Museum collection
10083:p. 378 Inscription No.200
9819:p. 345 inscription No.433
9770:p. 348 inscription No.475
8715:. Routledge. p. 58.
7286:, positioned upside down.
7258:. Sachim Kumar Tiwary in
7136:Hindu temple architecture
7062:
6466:Buddhas represented by a
6335:Foreigners riding horses.
6308:Foreign heroe fighting a
5351:At the top of the panel,
4872:Front architrave, center
4476:flute at Sanchi (detail).
4039:Great Miracle at Sravasti
3206:List of the named Buddhas
3012:between the architraves.
2406:with Mara's army fleeing.
2400:with Mara's army fleeing.
1873:(āvesaṇisa vāsitḥīputasa)
1846:Siri-Satakani inscription
1806:Dated circa 50 BCE- 0 CE.
1590:, probably circa 50 BCE.
1459:(end of 2nd century BCE)
1227:Flame palmette and lotus.
1110:
315:
303:
293:
283:
275:
266:
262:
254:
249:
241:
233:
215:
201:
179:
168:
164:and surrounding buildings
157:
152:
140:Sanchi Stupa (South Asia)
47:
35:
30:
11374:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
11314:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
11210:Sundarbans National Park
11075:21 November 2006 at the
11005:Michell, George (1990),
10991:Michell, George (1988),
10953:Dehejia, Vidya. (1997).
10780:10 February 2009 at the
10636:Marshall p. 52 Pillar 34
10081:Epigraphia Indice Vol.2
9807:p. 308 inscription No.89
9756:Epigraphia Indica Vol.2
8609:The Rough Guide to India
7780:Frederick Charles Maisey
7744:Frederick Charles Maisey
7457:Temple 18 at Sanchi, an
6932:the third panels below.
6905:Right pillar, Front Face
6848:Right pillar, Inner Face
6485:Bottom front architrave
6462:Middle front architrave
6241:Stupa 3 Southern Gateway
6082:Right pillar, Front Face
5952:Right pillar, Inner Face
5411:Right pillar, Front Face
5287:Right pillar, Inner Face
4631:Right pillar, Front face
4486:Greek travelling costume
4428:Right pillar, Inner face
3964:footprints of the Buddha
3798:Rear central architrave
3697:Stupa 1 Northern Gateway
3091:Front middle architrave
3003:Stupa 1 Southern Gateway
2634:Greek travelling costume
2398:Temptation of the Buddha
2385:Temptation of the Buddha
2006:have done the carving").
1707:, the ambassador to the
730:of the Sanchi pillar of
454:Indian currency note of
406:. It was crowned by the
12082:Buddha statues in India
11868:Bhimbetka rock shelters
11460:Hill Forts of Rajasthan
11304:Kaziranga National Park
11019:Mitra, Debala. (1971).
11009:, 1990, Penguin Books,
10898:Oxford University Press
10547:Sachim Kumar Tiwary in
9594:Thapar, Romila (2012).
9567:Singh, Upinder (2008).
9540:Singh, Upinder (2017).
9428:Encyclopædia Britannica
9141:Vogel, Jean Ph (1947).
8783:Marshall, John (1936).
8636:Marshall, John (1955).
8579:Singh, Upinder (2016).
8485:pp. 25-28 Ashoka pillar
7742:in 1822. Watercolor by
6734:Left pillar, Inner face
6688:Left pillar, Front face
6612:lustrated by Elephants.
6130:The Mahakapi Jataka in
5874:); round about are the
5809:Left pillar, Inner face
5776:Left pillar, Front face
5689:Rear bottom architrave
5640:Rear middle architrave
5509:Stupa 1 Western Gateway
5482:holding a thunderbolt (
5139:Left pillar, Inner face
4974:Left pillar, Front face
4781:Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway
4579:praying as his son the
4248:Left pillar, Inner face
4049:with the throne of the
4002:Left pillar, Front face
3520:Left pillar, Inner face
3429:Left pillar, Front face
3120:After the death of the
2991:The Gateways or Toranas
2883:praying as his son the
2709:, an ambassador of the
2699:"Cuda yokasa bo silayo"
2549:inscribed "Raya Asoko".
2294:, as well as a central
2128:Sanchi elephant capital
2010:The inscription reads:
1903:Hathigumpha inscription
1510:similar images of Venus
468:The nearest airport is
339:23.479223°N 77.739683°E
11873:Ratapani Tiger Reserve
11502:Jaipur City, Rajasthan
11248:Keoladeo National Park
10535:10.5281/zenodo.3930384
10467:p. 388 inscription 833
10388:Mitra, Debala (2001).
10300:Sanchi and its remains
10010:"Ramagrama excavation"
9758:p. 395 inscription 364
9061:Malwa Through The Ages
8483:Described in Marshall
7983:
7963:
7922:
7871:South Gateway in 1882.
7763:
7755:
7747:
7470:
7302:
7287:
7233:
7205:
7119:
7104:
7082:
6975:
6928:
6791:Left pillar, Rear face
6597:representing a Buddha.
6435:
6347:Indians riding horses.
6135:
5938:Sanchi and its remains
5909:
5658:
5364:
5026:
4997:), and only his path (
4661:
4652:The same scene in the
4488:, and using Greek and
4477:
4342:Royal cortege leaving
4288:
4275:The same scene in the
4121:
4034:
3823:
3646:Left pillar, Rear face
3543:The temple around the
3490:Procession of Emperor
3336:
3304:Rear bottom architrave
3267:
2931:Miracle at Kapilavastu
2925:
2888:
2603:
2558:
2550:
2533:
2492:
2419:
2330:
2255:. The pillar displays
2007:
2002:, "Ivory workers from
1895:
1868:(Rāño Siri Sātakaṇisa)
1692:
1387:
1359:
1084:
840:
740:Lion Capital of Ashoka
626:
618:
603:Buddhist Temple, No.17
143:Show map of South Asia
11243:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
10008:Shrestha, SS (1999).
9424:"The Buddha's relics"
9300:Brown, Percy (1959).
9278:Majumdar, B. (1937).
8768:Buddhist Architecture
8094:Four Additional Sites
7969:
7954:
7920:
7859:West Gateway in 1882.
7761:
7753:
7737:
7496:) only 5 miles away.
7456:
7293:
7281:
7227:
7187:
7106:
7088:
7077:
7030:Kanakerha inscription
6973:
6922:
6433:
6425:Top front architrave
6371:Indians riding bulls.
6359:Indians riding bulls.
6129:
5975:. The enlightenment (
5907:
5648:
5350:
5020:
4883:leaves the Palace of
4651:
4467:
4296:to the Buddha in the
4274:
4115:
4055:not being illustrated
4028:
3983:, and hooks holdings
3806:
3537:Bodhi tree temple of
3343:, the capital of the
3330:
3261:
2915:
2893:Aniconism in Buddhism
2871:
2601:
2571:Major Rock Edict No.8
2556:
2544:
2519:
2486:
2413:
2324:
2240:have been suggested.
2027:aniconism in Buddhism
1993:
1863:
1703:pillar, dedicated by
1690:
1622:Stairway and railing.
1381:
1353:
1318:Elephant with branch.
1179:Deambulatory pathway.
1070:
837:on the Sanchi pillar.
822:
624:
616:
530:Buddhist architecture
11390:Chennakeshava Temple
11342:Airavatesvara Temple
11284:Complexe du Capitole
11253:Kalka–Shimla railway
11066:at Wikimedia Commons
10590:. Public Domain text
10513:. Public Domain text
10147:(Public Domain text)
10129:(Public Domain text)
9998:(Public Domain text)
9978:(Public Domain text)
9736:Purātattva, Number 8
9447:Relics of the Buddha
9257:Mani, B. R. (2012).
8973:. Public Domain text
7829:World Heritage Sites
7776:Alexander Cunningham
7678:(1st c.CE-4th c.CE)
7608:The Buddha Preaching
7479:With the decline of
7421:Pillar 34 with lion.
7349:Gupta period remains
5598:Rear top architrave
5149:and his disciples.)
5049:, and Asoka built a
4213:to meet the Buddha.
3195:Rear top architrave
2238:Achaemenid influence
2183:Buddhist complex of
1918:(100-70 BCE) at the
1430:to the court of the
796:, as also suggested
750:, here adorned with
344:23.479223; 77.739683
234:Construction started
11395:Hoysaleswara Temple
11033:Rowland, Benjamin,
10957:. Phaidon: London.
9454:. pp. 136–37.
8687:, the first of the
8061:The Four Main Sites
8043:Buddha's Holy Sites
7817:can be seen at the
7815:one of the Yashinis
7772:Sir Herbert Maddock
7740:Sir Herbert Maddock
7593:The Great Departure
7268:Later Gupta dynasty
7164:used to stand, and
6474:and empty thrones.
5987:and his hosts. The
5666:by the seven kings.
5336:Procession of king
5123:to visit the Buddha
4877:The Great Departure
4468:Foreigners playing
4187:Procession of King
3667:tree, and above, a
3512:The Cortège of Mara
3339:The Buddha died in
2640:. Also visible are
2192:Pataliputra capital
2169:Pataliputra capital
2163:to the time of the
2114:Sanchi lion capital
2059:Pataliputra capital
1876:𑀆𑀦𑀁𑀤𑀲 𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁
1597:
1460:
1446:in a dedication to
927:
392:Indian Architecture
335: /
169:Architectural style
153:General information
11205:Sun Temple, Konark
11021:Buddhist Monuments
10982:Marshall, Sir John
10773:A Guide to Sanchi,
10321:Public Domain text
10260:Public Domain text
10228:Public Domain text
10215:Public Domain text
10097:Public Domain text
10060:Public Domain text
9672:Udai Prakash Arora
9504:, pp. 136–37.
8697:A Guide to Sanchi,
8560:Public Domain text
8544:Public Domain text
8459:Public Domain text
7984:
7964:
7923:
7921:Chetiyagiri Vihara
7895:Temple 18 in 1861.
7764:
7756:
7748:
7670:Greco-Buddhist art
7514:Greco-Buddhist art
7471:
7405:(5th c.or 9th c.)
7303:
7288:
7234:
7206:
7105:
7083:
6976:
6929:
6923:This would be the
6444:Greco-Buddhist art
6436:
6202:The visit of Sakra
6136:
5910:
5659:
5565:Front architraves
5436:Buddhist cosmology
5365:
5027:
4834:Front architraves
4662:
4654:Greco-Buddhist art
4548:Greco-Buddhist art
4478:
4289:
4277:Greco-Buddhist art
4199:to meet the Buddha
4122:
4120:, 2nd century BCE.
4078:Greco-Buddhist art
4035:
3991:and the decorated
3855:Greco-Buddhist art
3824:
3815:, built by Ashoka
3761:Front architraves
3337:
3268:
3065:Front architraves
2957:Greco-Buddhist art
2926:
2922:Buddhist aniconism
2889:
2604:
2559:
2551:
2534:
2493:
2420:
2331:
2083:, c.3rd-1st c. BCE
2008:
1821:conquered eastern
1693:
1596:(2nd century BCE)
1593:
1453:
1388:
1360:
1346:Sanchi Stupa No. 2
1088:Great Stupa (No 1)
1085:
1036:Pushyamitra Shunga
982:Minor Pillar Edict
926:(3rd century BCE)
923:
627:
619:
517:, and Stupa No.3.
351:Sanchi Stupa is a
276:Official name
12019:
12018:
12014:
12013:
11891:
11890:
11767:
11766:
11760:(Nagar Panchayat)
11741:(Nagar Panchayat)
11722:(Nagar Panchayat)
11697:(Nagar Panchayat)
11685:(Nagar Panchayat)
11660:(Nagar Panchayat)
11622:(Nagar Panchayat)
11603:(Nagar Panchayat)
11540:
11539:
11062:Media related to
11001:978-0-226-53230-1
10986:A Guide to Sanchi
10940:The Powers of Art
9870:p. 58 Third Panel
9791:SAGE Publications
9461:978-0-691-11764-5
8785:A guide to Sanchi
8722:978-1-315-43263-2
8509:978-81-7041-859-7
8291:
8290:
7932:Mahabodhi Society
7788:Sir John Marshall
7768:Third Maratha War
7730:Western Discovery
7727:
7726:
7568:, the Greek-like
7533:Mahayana Buddhism
7510:Sanchi Stupa No.2
7469:(7th century CE).
7440:
7439:
7180:Lion pillar No 26
7012:, possibly under
6963:
6962:
6287:Front architraves
6238:
6237:
6165:preaching in the
5793:Paradise of Indra
5575:Rear architraves
5506:
5505:
5203:Buddha tames the
4844:Rear architraves
4778:
4777:
4209:going forth from
4045:In the center, a
3771:Rear architraves
3691:
3690:
3470:(Mrigadava) near
3387:Pillars of Ashoka
3280:Satavahana Empire
3200:The seven Buddhas
3075:Rear architraves
2861:
2860:
2719:Heliodorus pillar
2300:Pillars of Ashoka
2057:Mauryan capital (
1949:, 1st century CE.
1815:Satavahana Empire
1699:, locally called
1697:Heliodorus pillar
1680:
1679:
1634:Lotus medallions.
1569:
1568:
1444:Heliodorus pillar
1354:Mason's marks in
1337:
1336:
1155:Shunga stonework.
1114:(2nd century BCE)
1103:Sanchi Stupa No.2
1023:
1022:
782:Pillars of Ashoka
746:, except for the
690:Pillars of Ashoka
676:, and a daughter
633:the Great of the
503:Pillars of Ashoka
319:
318:
77:Show map of India
12119:
12112:Religious towers
11991:
11990:
11974:
11973:
11966:
11965:
11949:
11948:
11932:
11918:
11911:
11904:
11895:
11894:
11883:Halali Reservoir
11589:
11588:
11567:
11560:
11553:
11544:
11543:
11490:Ranthambore Fort
11269:Red Fort Complex
11133:
11126:
11119:
11110:
11109:
11061:
10926:
10923:
10917:
10907:
10901:
10894:
10888:
10887:
10867:
10861:
10856:
10850:
10843:
10837:
10834:
10828:
10821:
10815:
10812:
10806:
10801:
10795:
10790:
10784:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10749:
10743:
10742:
10733:
10724:
10718:
10712:
10706:
10700:
10694:
10688:
10682:
10676:
10670:
10661:
10655:
10649:
10644:
10638:
10633:
10627:
10621:
10615:
10609:
10603:
10597:
10591:
10584:
10573:
10565:
10559:
10545:
10539:
10538:
10520:
10514:
10507:
10496:
10493:
10487:
10486:Rowland, 219-220
10484:
10478:
10475:
10469:
10463:
10457:
10452:
10443:
10437:
10431:
10430:
10416:
10410:
10409:
10385:
10379:
10373:
10367:
10361:
10346:
10340:
10334:
10328:
10322:
10315:
10306:
10296:
10287:
10281:
10272:
10267:
10261:
10254:
10229:
10222:
10216:
10209:
10186:
10180:
10174:
10168:
10157:
10154:
10148:
10141:
10130:
10123:
10098:
10091:
10085:
10079:
10073:
10067:
10061:
10054:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10028:
10014:
10005:
9999:
9992:
9979:
9972:
9945:
9939:
9933:
9932:
9915:(3/4): 220–221.
9904:
9898:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9872:
9866:
9857:
9854:
9848:
9845:
9836:
9830:
9821:
9815:
9809:
9803:
9797:
9787:
9772:
9766:
9760:
9754:
9748:
9747:
9731:
9722:
9716:
9707:
9704:
9695:
9690:
9684:
9681:
9675:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9640:
9627:
9621:
9612:
9611:
9591:
9585:
9584:
9564:
9558:
9557:
9537:
9528:
9522:
9516:
9511:
9505:
9499:
9493:
9487:
9478:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9438:
9432:
9431:
9419:
9410:
9404:
9398:
9392:
9386:
9380:
9374:
9365:
9359:
9353:
9347:
9341:
9338:
9332:
9326:
9320:
9314:
9308:
9307:
9296:
9290:
9289:
9281:Guide to Sarnath
9275:
9269:
9268:
9254:
9243:
9242:
9237:. 1909. p.
9229:
9220:
9215:
9209:
9202:
9196:
9191:
9185:
9179:
9173:
9167:
9158:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9138:
9132:
9129:
9120:
9119:
9109:
9103:
9097:
9091:
9085:
9076:
9075:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9029:
9020:
9014:
9005:
9004:
8983:
8974:
8967:
8958:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8934:
8928:
8922:
8916:
8910:
8904:
8898:
8892:
8883:
8877:
8868:
8862:
8845:
8839:Amalananda Ghosh
8835:
8818:
8812:
8799:
8798:
8780:
8774:
8765:
8750:
8744:
8731:
8730:
8706:
8700:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8650:
8644:
8643:
8633:
8624:
8623:
8612:. Rough Guides.
8603:
8597:
8596:
8576:
8570:
8567:
8561:
8554:
8545:
8538:
8532:
8526:
8517:
8516:
8494:
8488:
8481:
8472:
8466:
8460:
8453:
8447:
8440:
8434:
8428:
8419:
8414:
8401:
8400:
8381:
8366:
8361:
8355:
8349:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8283:
8276:
8269:
8054:
8044:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8017:" ("Gift of the
7904:
7892:
7880:
7868:
7856:
7844:
7721:
7712:
7703:
7694:
7685:
7661:
7652:
7643:
7634:
7625:
7618:(1st c. BCE/CE)
7575:
7567:
7564:
7539:of the Mahayana
7430:
7418:
7398:
7386:
7374:
7362:
7345:
7117:
7046:
7042:
7039:
6953:
6941:
6915:
6889:
6877:
6858:
6832:
6820:
6801:
6775:
6763:
6744:
6722:
6710:
6698:
6665:
6655:
6633:
6621:
6606:
6591:
6579:
6567:
6551:
6539:
6527:
6515:
6509:Rear architraves
6483:
6460:
6423:
6408:
6392:
6380:
6368:
6356:
6344:
6332:
6320:
6305:
6293:
6271:
6258:Southern Gateway
6253:
6228:
6198:
6157:
6095:
6070:
6034:
5965:
5900:
5856:
5822:
5789:
5753:
5743:
5698:'s army fleeing.
5687:
5638:
5596:
5573:
5563:
5534:
5516:
5444:Chaturmaharajika
5424:
5399:
5332:
5307:
5275:
5238:
5199:
5161:
5112:
5082:
5063:Mahabodhi Temple
5013:
4987:
4946:
4920:
4869:
4842:
4832:
4806:
4788:
4771:
4746:
4717:
4644:
4616:
4566:
4535:
4441:
4413:
4377:
4338:
4267:
4225:
4183:
4157:
4116:Jetavana story,
4097:
4021:
3989:Buddha footprint
3968:wheel of the Law
3952:Buddhist symbols
3941:
3931:
3894:
3884:
3821:
3818:
3796:
3769:
3759:
3729:
3716:Northern Gateway
3711:
3659:
3597:
3571:
3541:built by Ashoka.
3533:
3508:
3486:
3442:
3419:
3412:
3379:
3369:
3310:
3302:
3193:
3089:
3073:
3063:
3033:
3020:Southern Gateway
3015:
2946:or "promenade".
2851:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2791:
2779:
2762:
2742:
2739:
2705:Around 113 BCE,
2667:" ("Gift of the
2594:Foreign devotees
2139:
2125:
2111:
2092:
2072:
2054:
2001:
1958:
1943:
1893:
1878:(Ānaṁdasa dānaṁ)
1877:
1872:
1867:
1797:
1781:
1724:
1721:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1555:
1542:Female riding a
1539:
1520:
1502:
1490:
1468:
1461:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1251:
1236:
1224:
1209:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1124:
1108:
1099:circumambulation
1058:Mahabodhi Temple
1030:On the basis of
1009:
997:
977:
961:
950:
947:
939:pillar of Ashoka
935:
928:
894:
882:
838:
720:
711:
702:
600:
588:
576:
564:
545:
457:
353:Buddhist complex
350:
349:
347:
346:
345:
340:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
226:
224:
223:
144:
130:
129:
123:
111:
97:
96:
90:
78:
64:
63:
57:
40:
28:
27:
12127:
12126:
12122:
12121:
12120:
12118:
12117:
12116:
12107:Buddhist relics
12077:Stupas in India
12042:Stone buildings
12022:
12021:
12020:
12015:
11975:
11925:
11922:
11892:
11887:
11856:
11815:
11763:
11744:
11725:
11700:
11663:
11644:
11625:
11606:
11584:
11582:
11576:
11574:Raisen district
11571:
11541:
11536:
11526:
11450:Elephanta Caves
11411:
11323:
11290:
11214:
11170:
11142:
11137:
11094:Wayback Machine
11077:Wayback Machine
11054:
10935:
10930:
10929:
10924:
10920:
10908:
10904:
10895:
10891:
10884:
10868:
10864:
10857:
10853:
10844:
10840:
10835:
10831:
10822:
10818:
10813:
10809:
10802:
10798:
10791:
10787:
10782:Wayback Machine
10769:
10765:
10752:Wright, Colin.
10750:
10746:
10735:
10734:
10727:
10719:
10715:
10707:
10703:
10695:
10691:
10683:
10679:
10671:
10664:
10656:
10652:
10645:
10641:
10634:
10630:
10622:
10618:
10610:
10606:
10598:
10594:
10588:p. 97 Pillar 35
10585:
10576:
10570:website notice
10566:
10562:
10546:
10542:
10521:
10517:
10511:p. 96 Pillar 26
10508:
10499:
10494:
10490:
10485:
10481:
10476:
10472:
10464:
10460:
10453:
10446:
10438:
10434:
10417:
10413:
10406:
10386:
10382:
10374:
10370:
10362:
10349:
10341:
10337:
10329:
10325:
10316:
10309:
10297:
10290:
10282:
10275:
10268:
10264:
10255:
10232:
10223:
10219:
10210:
10189:
10181:
10177:
10169:
10160:
10155:
10151:
10142:
10133:
10124:
10101:
10092:
10088:
10080:
10076:
10068:
10064:
10055:
10036:
10026:
10024:
10012:
10006:
10002:
9993:
9982:
9973:
9948:
9940:
9936:
9921:10.2307/3250056
9905:
9901:
9894:
9890:
9882:
9875:
9867:
9860:
9855:
9851:
9846:
9839:
9831:
9824:
9816:
9812:
9804:
9800:
9788:
9775:
9767:
9763:
9755:
9751:
9733:
9732:
9725:
9717:
9710:
9705:
9698:
9691:
9687:
9682:
9678:
9669:
9665:
9658:
9641:
9630:
9622:
9615:
9608:
9592:
9588:
9581:
9565:
9561:
9554:
9538:
9531:
9523:
9519:
9512:
9508:
9500:
9496:
9488:
9481:
9473:
9469:
9462:
9439:
9435:
9420:
9413:
9407:
9399:
9395:
9387:
9383:
9375:
9368:
9360:
9356:
9348:
9344:
9339:
9335:
9327:
9323:
9315:
9311:
9297:
9293:
9276:
9272:
9255:
9246:
9231:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9212:
9203:
9199:
9192:
9188:
9180:
9176:
9168:
9161:
9156:
9152:
9139:
9135:
9130:
9123:
9110:
9106:
9098:
9094:
9086:
9079:
9072:
9056:
9052:
9045:
9031:
9030:
9023:
9015:
9008:
9001:
8984:
8977:
8971:p. 95 Pillar 25
8968:
8961:
8953:
8949:
8941:
8937:
8929:
8925:
8917:
8913:
8905:
8901:
8893:
8886:
8878:
8871:
8863:
8848:
8836:
8821:
8813:
8802:
8795:
8781:
8777:
8766:
8753:
8745:
8734:
8723:
8707:
8703:
8678:
8674:
8667:
8651:
8647:
8639:Guide to Sanchi
8634:
8627:
8620:
8604:
8600:
8593:
8577:
8573:
8568:
8564:
8555:
8548:
8539:
8535:
8527:
8520:
8510:
8496:
8495:
8491:
8482:
8475:
8467:
8463:
8454:
8450:
8441:
8437:
8429:
8422:
8415:
8404:
8397:
8383:
8382:
8369:
8362:
8358:
8350:
8346:
8339:
8335:
8327:
8323:
8318:
8287:
8258:
8257:
8223:Ramagrama stupa
8128:
8120:
8119:
8095:
8087:
8086:
8062:
8042:
8033:
8027:
7949:
7915:
7908:
7905:
7896:
7893:
7884:
7881:
7872:
7869:
7860:
7857:
7848:
7845:
7732:
7722:
7713:
7704:
7695:
7686:
7677:
7662:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7626:
7617:
7565:
7502:
7446:, and with the
7434:
7431:
7422:
7419:
7410:
7399:
7390:
7387:
7378:
7375:
7366:
7363:
7276:
7182:
7118:
7112:
7069:Chandragupta II
7065:
7044:
7040:
7010:Western Satraps
6998:in the name of
6984:
6982:Western Satraps
6968:
6957:
6954:
6945:
6942:
6897:
6890:
6881:
6878:
6840:
6833:
6824:
6821:
6783:
6776:
6767:
6764:
6726:
6723:
6714:
6711:
6645:Pillar capitals
6637:
6634:
6625:
6622:
6613:
6607:
6598:
6592:
6583:
6580:
6571:
6568:
6559:
6552:
6543:
6540:
6531:
6528:
6516:
6510:
6494:
6412:
6409:
6400:
6393:
6384:
6381:
6372:
6369:
6360:
6357:
6348:
6345:
6336:
6333:
6324:
6321:
6312:
6306:
6288:
6261:
6243:
6142:
6124:
6100:Mahakapi Jataka
6053:
6016:
5996:
5973:'s army fleeing
5941:
5935:
5883:
5733:Pillar capitals
5727:
5721:
5524:
5521:Western Gateway
5511:
5499:
5479:
5380:
5311:Homage of King
5295:
5289:
5257:
5249:
5218:
5175:. The visit of
5141:
5097:
5040:
5030:Temple for the
4933:Pillar capitals
4870:
4796:
4793:Eastern Gateway
4783:
4727:
4509:
4462:
4456:
4401:
4395:
4385:, the visit of
4360:
4298:Indrasaila cave
4250:
4070:anthropomorphic
4044:
4004:
3981:flame palmettes
3956:flame palmettes
3908:under foliage.
3874:Pillar capitals
3862:
3819:
3719:
3699:
3693:
3636:Pompeii Lakshmi
3601:Worship of the
3359:Pillar capitals
3350:
3348:
3325:
3311:
3305:
3290:
3283:
3208:
3182:
3179:
3161:
3118:
3023:
3005:
2993:
2895:
2866:
2855:
2852:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2824:
2815:
2812:
2803:
2792:
2783:
2780:
2740:
2694:of Setapatha").
2596:
2561:Ashoka went to
2539:
2498:
2435:
2425:
2387:
2366:
2358:Mahakapi Jataka
2356:Jataka and the
2342:
2336:
2319:
2292:beads-and-reels
2245:Sarnath capital
2227:Classical Greek
2153:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:Sarnath capital
2073:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2039:
1999:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1947:Pompeii Lakshmi
1944:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1894:
1889:
1885:Siri Satakarni"
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1756:adorned with a
1722:
1685:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1656:
1647:
1646:Floral designs.
1644:
1635:
1632:
1623:
1620:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1574:
1563:
1560:beads and reels
1556:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1491:
1471:
1469:
1458:
1348:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1304:
1295:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1254:Woman riding a
1252:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1168:
1165:
1156:
1153:
1144:
1141:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1113:
1090:
1028:
1017:
1010:
1001:
998:
989:
978:
969:
964:Remains of the
962:
948:
936:
925:
902:
901:
900:
899:
898:
895:
887:
886:
883:
872:
839:
832:
778:
777:
776:
775:
752:flame palmettes
723:
722:
721:
713:
712:
704:
703:
692:
686:
611:
604:
601:
592:
589:
580:
577:
568:
565:
556:
546:
490:
466:
455:
361:Raisen District
343:
341:
337:
334:
329:
326:
324:
322:
321:
271:
237:3rd century BCE
221:
219:
210:Raisen district
188:Raisen district
148:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
135:
131:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
98:
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
69:
65:
43:
24:
21:Sanchi (tanker)
17:
12:
11:
5:
12125:
12115:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12017:
12016:
12012:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11995:
11994:
11992:
11985:
11982:
11981:
11979:Bhojpur Stupas
11976:
11961:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11943:
11940:
11939:
11937:
11935:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11921:
11920:
11913:
11906:
11898:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11823:
11821:
11817:
11816:
11814:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11777:
11775:
11769:
11768:
11765:
11764:
11762:
11761:
11754:
11752:
11746:
11745:
11743:
11742:
11735:
11733:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11723:
11717:
11716:(Municipality)
11710:
11708:
11702:
11701:
11699:
11698:
11692:
11686:
11680:
11679:(Municipality)
11673:
11671:
11665:
11664:
11662:
11661:
11654:
11652:
11646:
11645:
11643:
11642:
11641:(Municipality)
11635:
11633:
11627:
11626:
11624:
11623:
11616:
11614:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11604:
11597:
11595:
11586:
11578:
11577:
11570:
11569:
11562:
11555:
11547:
11538:
11537:
11531:
11528:
11527:
11525:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11480:Jaisalmer Fort
11477:
11472:
11467:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11421:
11419:
11413:
11412:
11410:
11409:
11404:
11403:
11402:
11400:Keshava Temple
11397:
11392:
11382:
11377:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11355:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11333:
11331:
11325:
11324:
11322:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11300:
11298:
11292:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11287:
11286:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11233:Fatehpur Sikri
11230:
11224:
11222:
11216:
11215:
11213:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11180:
11178:
11172:
11171:
11169:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11152:
11150:
11144:
11143:
11136:
11135:
11128:
11121:
11113:
11107:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11084:
11079:
11067:
11053:
11052:External links
11050:
11049:
11048:
11045:
11031:
11017:
11003:
10989:
10979:
10965:
10951:
10934:
10931:
10928:
10927:
10918:
10902:
10889:
10882:
10862:
10851:
10838:
10829:
10827:– 28 Apr 1947.
10825:Indian Express
10816:
10807:
10796:
10785:
10763:
10744:
10725:
10713:
10701:
10689:
10677:
10662:
10650:
10639:
10628:
10616:
10604:
10592:
10574:
10560:
10540:
10515:
10497:
10488:
10479:
10470:
10458:
10444:
10432:
10411:
10404:
10380:
10368:
10347:
10335:
10323:
10307:
10288:
10273:
10262:
10230:
10217:
10187:
10175:
10158:
10149:
10131:
10099:
10086:
10074:
10062:
10034:
10000:
9980:
9946:
9934:
9899:
9888:
9873:
9858:
9849:
9837:
9822:
9810:
9798:
9773:
9761:
9749:
9723:
9708:
9696:
9685:
9676:
9663:
9656:
9628:
9613:
9606:
9586:
9579:
9559:
9552:
9529:
9517:
9506:
9494:
9479:
9467:
9460:
9433:
9411:
9405:
9393:
9381:
9366:
9354:
9342:
9333:
9321:
9309:
9291:
9270:
9244:
9221:
9210:
9197:
9186:
9174:
9159:
9150:
9133:
9121:
9104:
9092:
9077:
9070:
9050:
9043:
9034:Indian History
9021:
9006:
8999:
8975:
8959:
8947:
8935:
8923:
8911:
8899:
8884:
8869:
8846:
8819:
8800:
8793:
8775:
8751:
8732:
8721:
8701:
8672:
8665:
8645:
8625:
8618:
8598:
8591:
8571:
8562:
8546:
8533:
8518:
8508:
8489:
8473:
8461:
8448:
8435:
8420:
8402:
8395:
8367:
8356:
8344:
8333:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8307:
8305:Begram ivories
8302:
8297:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8278:
8271:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8047:
8046:
8038:
8037:
8026:
8023:
7961:British Museum
7959:script in the
7948:
7945:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7839:
7819:British Museum
7784:archaeologists
7731:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7715:
7706:
7697:
7688:
7679:
7665:
7664:
7655:
7646:
7637:
7628:
7619:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7566: 100 BCE
7528:, the oldest.
7501:
7498:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7413:
7411:
7400:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7275:
7272:
7211:Udayagiri hill
7194:flame palmette
7181:
7178:
7168:is now in the
7110:
7064:
7061:
7034:Sridharavarman
6983:
6980:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6936:
6916:
6908:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6872:
6862:
6851:
6850:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6815:
6805:
6794:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6758:
6748:
6737:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6705:
6699:
6691:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6659:
6648:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6601:
6599:
6593:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6562:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6522:
6517:
6506:
6505:
6487:
6476:
6475:
6464:
6453:
6452:
6427:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6403:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6315:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6294:
6284:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:Heraldic lions
6229:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6199:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6158:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6096:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6071:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6035:
6028:
6024:
6023:
5966:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5901:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5823:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5790:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5747:
5736:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5691:
5680:
5679:
5642:
5631:
5630:
5600:
5589:
5588:
5577:
5567:
5556:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5425:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5400:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5333:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5308:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5239:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5200:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5162:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5135:
5134:
5113:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5083:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5051:Diamond throne
5025:as discovered.
5023:Diamond throne
5014:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4988:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4955:flame palmette
4947:
4940:
4939:Right capital
4936:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4901:chatra parasol
4874:
4862:
4861:
4846:
4836:
4825:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4799:
4798:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4747:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4718:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4677:Heaven, where
4645:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4623:guardian deity
4617:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4567:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4536:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4516:Bharhut Yavana
4442:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4420:guardian deity
4414:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4394:to the Buddha.
4378:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4339:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4285:Loriyan Tangai
4268:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4244:
4243:
4226:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4184:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4158:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4098:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4029:The Buddha in
4022:
4015:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3945:
3935:
3924:
3923:
3921:External faces
3917:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3902:flame palmette
3898:
3888:
3877:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3843:diamond throne
3820: 260 BCE
3809:Diamond throne
3800:
3789:
3788:
3773:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3631:Begram ivories
3611:heaven, where
3598:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3579:Tishyarakshita
3572:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3534:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3494:on his chariot
3487:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3402:External faces
3398:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3373:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3335:circa 500 BCE.
3314:
3295:
3294:
3241:Gautama Buddha
3197:
3186:
3185:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3004:
3001:
2992:
2989:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2747:on his sword.
2741: 100 BCE
2734:Bharhut Yavana
2703:
2702:
2695:
2684:
2595:
2592:
2538:
2535:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2424:
2421:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2365:
2362:
2335:
2332:
2318:
2315:
2307:flame palmette
2265:Mauryan Empire
2223:flame palmette
2173:Mauryan Empire
2141:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2063:4th-3rd c. BCE
2056:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2035:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1887:
1831:Mauryan Empire
1799:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1723: 100 BCE
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1344:Main article:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1213:Flame palmette
1211:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1117:
1116:
1089:
1086:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
979:
972:
970:
966:Ashokan Pillar
963:
956:
952:
949: 260 BCE
896:
889:
888:
884:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
871:
868:
848:flame palmette
830:
725:
724:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:
685:
682:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
595:
593:
590:
583:
581:
578:
571:
569:
566:
559:
557:
547:
540:
494:Mauryan Empire
489:
486:
465:
462:
381:Madhya Pradesh
369:Madhya Pradesh
317:
316:
313:
312:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
217:
213:
212:
203:
199:
198:
192:Madhya Pradesh
181:
177:
176:
170:
166:
165:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
139:
133:
132:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
106:
100:
99:
92:
91:
85:
84:
83:
82:
73:
67:
66:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12124:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12062:Maurya Empire
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12027:
12010:
12009:Andher Stupas
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11993:
11986:
11984:
11983:
11980:
11977:
11969:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11944:
11942:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11934:
11933:
11928:
11919:
11914:
11912:
11907:
11905:
11900:
11899:
11896:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11859:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11824:
11822:
11820:Sub divisions
11818:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11778:
11776:
11774:
11770:
11759:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11751:
11747:
11740:
11737:
11736:
11734:
11732:
11728:
11721:
11718:
11715:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11707:
11703:
11696:
11693:
11691:(Census Town)
11690:
11687:
11684:
11681:
11678:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11670:
11666:
11659:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11647:
11640:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11628:
11621:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11613:
11609:
11602:
11599:
11598:
11596:
11594:
11590:
11587:
11579:
11575:
11568:
11563:
11561:
11556:
11554:
11549:
11548:
11545:
11535:
11529:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11517:Western Ghats
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11422:
11420:
11418:
11414:
11408:
11407:Western Ghats
11405:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11387:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11335:
11334:
11332:
11330:
11326:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11301:
11299:
11297:
11293:
11285:
11282:
11281:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11225:
11223:
11221:
11217:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11185:
11182:
11181:
11179:
11177:
11173:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11141:
11134:
11129:
11127:
11122:
11120:
11115:
11114:
11111:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11091:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11074:
11071:
11068:
11065:
11060:
11056:
11055:
11046:
11044:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11030:
11029:0-89684-490-0
11026:
11022:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11008:
11004:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10990:
10987:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10974:
10970:
10967:Harle, J.C.,
10966:
10964:
10963:0-7148-3496-3
10960:
10956:
10952:
10949:
10948:0-19-562842-X
10945:
10941:
10937:
10936:
10922:
10915:
10914:Charles Allen
10911:
10906:
10899:
10893:
10885:
10883:9780195356663
10879:
10875:
10874:
10866:
10860:
10855:
10848:
10842:
10833:
10826:
10820:
10811:
10805:
10800:
10794:
10789:
10783:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10767:
10759:
10755:
10748:
10740:
10739:
10732:
10730:
10723:
10717:
10711:
10705:
10699:
10693:
10687:
10681:
10675:
10669:
10667:
10660:
10654:
10648:
10643:
10637:
10632:
10626:
10620:
10614:
10608:
10602:
10596:
10589:
10583:
10581:
10579:
10572:
10569:
10564:
10558:
10554:
10550:
10544:
10536:
10532:
10528:
10527:
10519:
10512:
10506:
10504:
10502:
10492:
10483:
10474:
10468:
10462:
10456:
10451:
10449:
10442:
10436:
10428:
10424:
10423:
10415:
10407:
10405:9788187780182
10401:
10397:
10393:
10392:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10366:
10360:
10358:
10356:
10354:
10352:
10345:
10339:
10333:
10327:
10320:
10314:
10312:
10305:
10301:
10295:
10293:
10286:
10280:
10278:
10271:
10266:
10259:
10253:
10251:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10227:
10221:
10214:
10208:
10206:
10204:
10202:
10200:
10198:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10185:
10179:
10173:
10167:
10165:
10163:
10153:
10146:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10128:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10096:
10090:
10084:
10078:
10072:
10066:
10059:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10047:
10045:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10022:
10018:
10011:
10004:
9997:
9991:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9977:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9965:
9963:
9961:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9944:
9938:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9909:Artibus Asiae
9903:
9897:
9892:
9886:
9880:
9878:
9871:
9865:
9863:
9853:
9844:
9842:
9835:
9829:
9827:
9820:
9814:
9808:
9802:
9796:
9792:
9786:
9784:
9782:
9780:
9778:
9771:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9746:
9745:
9738:
9737:
9730:
9728:
9721:
9715:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9694:
9689:
9680:
9673:
9667:
9659:
9657:9780691185385
9653:
9649:
9648:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9633:
9626:
9620:
9618:
9609:
9607:9780199088683
9603:
9599:
9598:
9590:
9582:
9580:9788131711200
9576:
9572:
9571:
9563:
9555:
9553:9780674975279
9549:
9545:
9544:
9536:
9534:
9527:
9521:
9515:
9510:
9503:
9498:
9492:
9486:
9484:
9477:
9471:
9463:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9437:
9429:
9425:
9418:
9416:
9409:
9403:
9397:
9391:
9385:
9379:
9373:
9371:
9364:
9358:
9352:
9346:
9337:
9331:
9325:
9319:
9313:
9305:
9304:
9295:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9274:
9266:
9262:
9261:
9253:
9251:
9249:
9240:
9236:
9235:
9228:
9226:
9219:
9214:
9207:
9201:
9195:
9190:
9184:
9178:
9172:
9166:
9164:
9154:
9146:
9145:
9144:India antiqua
9137:
9128:
9126:
9117:
9116:
9108:
9102:
9096:
9090:
9084:
9082:
9073:
9071:9788120808249
9067:
9063:
9062:
9054:
9046:
9044:9781259063237
9040:
9036:
9035:
9028:
9026:
9019:
9013:
9011:
9002:
9000:9780521770200
8996:
8992:
8991:
8982:
8980:
8972:
8966:
8964:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8889:
8882:
8876:
8874:
8867:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8855:
8853:
8851:
8844:
8840:
8834:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8817:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8805:
8796:
8794:81-85204-32-2
8790:
8786:
8779:
8773:
8769:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8749:
8743:
8741:
8739:
8737:
8729:
8724:
8718:
8714:
8713:
8705:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8676:
8668:
8666:9780199088140
8662:
8658:
8657:
8649:
8641:
8640:
8632:
8630:
8621:
8619:9781843530893
8615:
8611:
8610:
8602:
8594:
8592:9789351506454
8588:
8584:
8583:
8575:
8566:
8559:
8553:
8551:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8525:
8523:
8515:
8511:
8505:
8501:
8500:
8493:
8486:
8480:
8478:
8471:
8465:
8458:
8452:
8445:
8444:Butkara Stupa
8439:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8418:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8398:
8396:9789380262055
8392:
8388:
8387:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8348:
8342:
8337:
8330:
8325:
8321:
8311:
8310:Deekshabhoomi
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8292:
8284:
8279:
8277:
8272:
8270:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8173:Kesaria Stupa
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8143:Barabar Caves
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8048:
8045:
8040:
8039:
8036:
8034:Pilgrimage to
8031:
8030:
8022:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7995:
7993:
7992:James Prinsep
7989:
7981:
7980:James Prinsep
7977:
7973:
7968:
7962:
7958:
7953:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7919:
7903:
7898:
7891:
7886:
7879:
7874:
7867:
7862:
7855:
7850:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7822:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7799:
7797:
7796:John Marshall
7791:
7789:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7760:
7752:
7745:
7741:
7736:
7720:
7711:
7702:
7693:
7684:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7651:
7642:
7633:
7624:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7604:
7603:Enlightenment
7599:
7598:Mara's attack
7594:
7589:
7584:
7583:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7475:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7455:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7429:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7392:
7385:
7380:
7373:
7368:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7315:
7312:
7307:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7285:
7280:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7242:
7240:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7116:, 412-413 CE.
7115:
7109:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:Temple 17: a
7087:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7049:Kushan Empire
7045: 368 CE
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6972:
6966:Later periods
6952:
6947:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6895:
6892:Bottom panel
6888:
6883:
6876:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6812:on a Pillar.
6811:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6781:
6778:Bottom panel
6774:
6769:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6716:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6692:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6636:Men on lions.
6632:
6627:
6624:Men on lions.
6620:
6615:
6611:
6605:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6585:
6578:
6573:
6566:
6561:
6557:
6550:
6545:
6542:Winged lions.
6538:
6533:
6526:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6507:
6503:
6498:
6492:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6417:
6407:
6402:
6398:
6391:
6386:
6379:
6374:
6367:
6362:
6355:
6350:
6343:
6338:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6311:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6156:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6140:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6063:Bottom panel
6062:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6027:Second panel
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5972:
5967:
5964:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5940:(Plaque XXI)
5939:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5893:Bottom panel
5892:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5855:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5782:Unique panel
5781:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5665:
5656:
5652:
5649:Ruler of the
5647:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:Ruler of the
5601:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5448:Trayastrimisa
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5392:Bottom panel
5391:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5334:
5331:
5325:Second panel
5324:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5315:to the Buddha
5314:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5268:Bottom panel
5267:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5198:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5173:to the Buddha
5172:
5168:
5163:
5160:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5105:Bottom panel
5104:
5103:
5100:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4786:
4773:
4770:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4750:Teaching the
4748:
4745:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4490:Central Asian
4487:
4483:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4376:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:Central India
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:Anathapindika
4131:
4127:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3652:Unique panel
3651:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3276:Siri-Satakani
3274:
3265:
3264:Siri-Satakani
3260:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2965:John Marshall
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:Aniconism in
2870:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2683:not far away.
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:to visit the
2564:
2555:
2548:
2547:Kanaganahalli
2543:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:with central
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:bead and reel
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2138:
2130:1st c. BCE/CE
2124:
2110:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2060:
2053:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:Brahmi script
1848:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1802:Brahmi script
1796:
1787:
1780:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1561:
1558:Lotus within
1554:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1528:Brahmi script
1525:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1330:Floral motif.
1326:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
987:
983:
976:
971:
967:
960:
955:
954:
953:
944:
940:
934:
929:
921:
917:
915:
911:
907:
893:
881:
867:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
836:
829:
827:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
719:
710:
701:
691:
684:Ashoka pillar
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:Maurya Empire
632:
623:
615:
599:
594:
587:
582:
575:
570:
563:
558:
554:
550:
544:
539:
538:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
461:
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
379:, capital of
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
151:
122:
89:
56:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
12072:Buddhist art
11999:Sonari Stupa
11967:
11800:
11796:Obedullaganj
11719:
11683:Obedullaganj
11470:Chittor Fort
11455:Ellora Caves
11425:Ajanta Caves
11200:Santiniketan
11165:
11034:
11020:
11006:
10992:
10985:
10968:
10954:
10939:
10921:
10909:
10905:
10892:
10872:
10865:
10854:
10847:Jack Daulton
10841:
10832:
10824:
10819:
10810:
10799:
10788:
10772:
10766:
10757:
10747:
10737:
10716:
10704:
10692:
10680:
10653:
10642:
10631:
10619:
10607:
10595:
10563:
10548:
10543:
10525:
10518:
10491:
10482:
10473:
10461:
10435:
10421:
10414:
10390:
10383:
10371:
10338:
10326:
10299:
10265:
10220:
10178:
10152:
10089:
10077:
10065:
10025:. Retrieved
10020:
10016:
10003:
9937:
9912:
9908:
9902:
9891:
9852:
9813:
9801:
9764:
9752:
9743:
9740:
9735:
9688:
9679:
9666:
9646:
9596:
9589:
9569:
9562:
9542:
9520:
9509:
9497:
9470:
9446:
9442:Strong, J.S.
9436:
9427:
9408:
9396:
9384:
9357:
9345:
9336:
9324:
9312:
9306:. p. x.
9302:
9294:
9280:
9273:
9259:
9233:
9213:
9206:Late Archaic
9200:
9189:
9177:
9157:Dehejia 1992
9153:
9143:
9136:
9114:
9107:
9095:
9060:
9053:
9033:
8989:
8950:
8938:
8926:
8914:
8902:
8784:
8778:
8767:
8728:sponsorship.
8726:
8711:
8704:
8696:
8675:
8655:
8648:
8638:
8608:
8601:
8581:
8574:
8565:
8536:
8513:
8498:
8492:
8464:
8451:
8438:
8385:
8359:
8347:
8336:
8329:Buddhist Art
8324:
8253:Vikramashila
8232:
8163:Ellora Caves
8014:
7996:
7985:
7947:Inscriptions
7924:
7833:
7831:since 1989.
7823:
7800:
7792:
7765:
7668:
7614:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7588:Maya's dream
7587:
7578:
7549:
7537:Bodhisattvas
7530:
7522:Buddhist art
7503:
7478:
7472:
7441:
7348:
7336:
7311:Persepolitan
7308:
7304:
7259:
7246:Gupta Empire
7243:
7235:
7230:Dharmachakra
7219:viharasvamin
7218:
7207:
7198:Wheel of Law
7155:
7148:
7120:
7107:
7091:Gupta period
7066:
7036:, who ruled
7026:Rudrasena II
7018:Rudradaman I
7004:
6985:
6977:
6930:
6904:
6880:Second panel
6859:
6847:
6823:Second panel
6802:
6790:
6766:Second panel
6745:
6733:
6687:
6680:
6666:
6656:
6644:
6530:Winged lion.
6484:
6461:
6437:
6424:
6280:
6256:
6244:
6231:
6201:
6176:
6160:
6137:
6098:
6081:
6037:
5997:
5968:
5951:
5937:
5912:
5911:
5908:Full relief.
5859:
5842:filial piety
5827:Syama Jataka
5825:
5808:
5792:
5775:
5768:
5754:
5744:
5732:
5693:
5688:
5661:
5660:
5639:
5602:
5597:
5574:
5564:
5552:
5545:
5537:
5519:
5512:
5480:
5460:Bodhisattvas
5450:) over whom
5427:
5417:Full length
5410:
5366:
5335:
5318:
5310:
5286:
5250:
5241:
5219:
5202:
5164:
5138:
5115:
5098:
5085:
5060:
5029:
5028:
4990:
4973:
4966:
4932:
4876:
4871:
4843:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4791:
4784:
4749:
4728:
4720:
4675:Trayastrimsa
4666:Trayastrimsa
4663:
4630:
4619:
4598:Ficus Indica
4569:
4538:
4479:
4444:
4427:
4416:
4380:
4341:
4291:
4290:
4247:
4236:
4229:Paradise of
4228:
4186:
4160:
4123:
4100:
4067:
4037:
4036:
4001:
3976:
3975:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3920:
3913:
3895:
3885:
3873:
3826:
3825:
3807:The actual "
3797:
3781:Dharmachakra
3770:
3760:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3714:
3703:
3700:
3692:
3677:Right pillar
3676:
3645:
3634:
3620:
3609:Trayastrimsa
3600:
3574:
3536:
3519:
3511:
3489:
3460:dharmachakra
3445:
3428:
3401:
3394:
3380:
3370:
3358:
3338:
3316:
3303:
3269:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3119:
3095:
3090:
3074:
3064:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2984:
2981:Sarvastivada
2973:Sarvastivada
2971:
2969:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2929:
2927:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2873:
2765:
2727:
2704:
2698:
2687:
2664:
2650:
2607:
2605:
2586:
2579:
2560:
2499:
2474:
2465:
2459:
2439:
2436:
2388:
2367:
2350:Syama Jataka
2343:
2340:Jataka tales
2304:
2284:anta capital
2280:Sunga Empire
2277:
2269:Sunga Empire
2259:volutes and
2242:
2189:
2181:Sunga Empire
2154:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1994:Inscription
1978:
1967:
1908:Satakarni II
1896:
1880:
1864:
1859:Satakarni II
1844:
1842:
1819:Satakarni II
1812:
1786:Satakarni II
1742:Persepolitan
1727:
1715:, in nearby
1700:
1694:
1683:Sunga Pillar
1658:Post relief.
1585:
1582:
1575:
1530:inscription.
1396:
1389:
1361:
1197:
1196:
1111:
1091:
1051:
1047:Shunga state
1044:
1032:Ashokavadana
1029:
941:, under the
918:
903:
856:
841:
823:
802:Schism Edict
794:Wheel of Law
779:
764:Wheel of Law
651:
628:
548:
528:and ancient
522:Gupta Empire
519:
498:Gupta Empire
491:
467:
451:
420:
385:
320:
205:
202:Town or city
134:Sanchi Stupa
101:Sanchi Stupa
74:Sanchi Stupa
68:Sanchi Stupa
25:
12097:Mauryan art
11861:Other sites
11485:Kumbhalgarh
11475:Gagron Fort
10027:30 November
9502:Strong 2007
8685:Pushyamitra
8203:Pataliputra
8168:Kapilavastu
8153:Chandavaram
8127:Other Sites
7554:ambassador
7444:Alchon Huns
7316:and square
7140:Nasik Caves
6860:Top panel.
6810:Dharmacakra
6803:Top panel.
6746:Top panel.
6556:Dharmacakra
6472:Bodhi Trees
6440:Hellenistic
6411:Bodhi Tree.
6397:Dharmacakra
6281:Architraves
6177:tree, come
6163:Bodhisattva
6117:Brahmadatta
6105:Bodhisattva
6048:, the four
6013:Kapilavastu
5671:Kushinagara
5664:Kushinagara
5655:Kushinagara
5626:parinirvana
5618:Kushinagara
5609:Kushinagara
5553:Architraves
5468:Parinirmita
5464:Nirmanarati
5384:banyan tree
5377:Kapilavastu
5373:Bodhisattva
5359:. See also
5357:Kapilavastu
5342:Kapilavastu
5292:Kapilavastu
4923:The famous
4903:is held by
4891:, his baby
4885:Kapilavastu
4822:Architraves
4723:Kapilavastu
4586:banyan tree
4572:Kapilavastu
4570:Miracle at
4506:Indo-Greeks
4502:Cornu horns
4449:parinirvana
4357:Gridhrakuta
4353:Ajatashatru
4323:Panchasikha
4313:shrines in
4138:karshapanas
3749:Architraves
3617:Bodhisattva
3603:Bodhisattva
3341:Kushinagara
3333:Kushinagara
3287:Kapilavastu
3266:inscription
3249:banyan tree
3138:Kapilavastu
3053:Architraves
2876:Kapilavastu
2874:Miracle at
2749:Another one
2715:Antialcidas
2681:Karla Caves
2677:Nasik Caves
2626:Greek coins
2502:King Ashoka
2346:Bodhisattva
2327:Satavahanas
2206:mouldings,
2177:Pataliputra
2175:capital of
2165:Satavahanas
1920:Nasik Caves
1855:architraves
1744:type, with
1713:Antialkidas
1607:Stupa No. 3
1588:Satavahanas
1572:Stupa No. 3
1470:Stupa No. 2
1455:Stupa No. 2
1436:Bhagabhadra
1428:Antialkidas
1391:Stupa No. 2
1282:Half lotus.
1126:Great Stupa
806:Sankha Lipi
766:at Sanchi,
758:, 250 BCE.
754:and facing
736:Percy Brown
678:Sanghamitta
553:F.C. Maisey
511:Satavahanas
373:Raisen town
357:Sanchi Town
342: /
307:1989 (13th
304:Inscription
184:Sanchi Town
12026:Categories
11837:Gairatganj
11791:Gairatganj
11658:Gairatganj
11650:Gairatganj
11082:Sanchi.org
11043:0140561021
11015:0140081445
10977:0300062176
10955:Indian Art
10933:Literature
10304:Plaque XXI
9284:. p.
8316:References
8243:Tilaurakot
8218:Pushpagiri
8072:Kushinagar
8011:Indo-Greek
7978:script by
7940:Moggallana
7805:is at the
7746:, in 1851.
7556:Heliodorus
7552:Indo-Greek
7461:hall with
7401:Statue of
7250:this image
7166:the statue
7099:temple of
7094:tetrastyle
7043: – c.
7041: 339
6247:Satavahana
6221:4th panel
6206:rajayatana
6191:3rd panel
6173:gandharvas
6150:2nd panel
6113:mango tree
6088:Top panel
6076:guardian.
6054:See also:
6017:See also:
5993:Bodhi tree
5981:pipal tree
5958:Top panel
5942:See also:
5884:See also:
5872:gandharvas
5868:pipal tree
5864:rejoincing
5849:2nd panel
5815:Top panel
5723:See also:
5714:Bodhi tree
5706:pipal tree
5622:Shala tree
5472:Vasavartin
5405:guardian.
5338:Suddhodana
5313:Suddhodana
5300:Top panel
5281:guardian.
5231:3rd panel
5192:2nd panel
5154:Top panel
5088:Nairanjana
5075:3rd panel
5043:Bodhi Tree
5032:Bodhi Tree
5006:2nd panel
4980:Top panel
4957:design. A
4764:4th panel
4739:3rd panel
4710:2nd panel
4668:Heaven at
4637:Top panel
4609:4th panel
4594:Suddhodana
4590:gandharvas
4577:Suddhodana
4559:3rd panel
4543:pipal tree
4528:2nd panel
4434:Top panel
4406:4th panel
4397:See also:
4370:3rd panel
4361:See also:
4331:2nd panel
4260:Top panel
4218:5th panel
4203:Prasenajit
4189:Prasenajit
4176:4th panel
4150:3rd panel
4090:2nd panel
4047:mango tree
4031:levitation
4014:Top panel
3835:pipal tree
3590:3rd panel
3564:2nd panel
3553:hypaethral
3549:pipal tree
3545:Bodhi Tree
3526:Top panel
3501:3rd panel
3479:2nd panel
3435:Top panel
3321:See also:
3245:pipal tree
3233:Konagamana
3229:Kakusandha
3212:Bodhi Tree
3204:See also:
3150:Vothadvipa
3105:. Emperor
2936:Suddhodana
2891:See also:
2881:Suddhodana
2711:Indo-Greek
2707:Heliodorus
2575:pipal tree
2567:Bodhi Tree
2489:Kushinagar
2451:Kushinagar
2446:Kushinagar
2427:See also:
2354:Vessantara
2338:See also:
2286:with many
2116:1st c. BCE
2100:2nd c. BCE
2031:bodhi tree
1912:Cave No.19
1709:Indo-Greek
1705:Heliodorus
1438:in nearby
1424:Indo-Greek
1420:Heliodorus
1415:Kharoshthi
1403:Kharoshthi
1384:Stupa No.2
1368:Satavahana
1083:around it.
1077:balustrade
768:Satavahana
688:See also:
591:Stupa No.3
579:Stupa No.2
515:Stupa No.2
386:The Great
330:77°44′23″E
327:23°28′45″N
250:Dimensions
12004:Saru Maru
11878:Barna Dam
11842:Goharganj
11832:Begamganj
11786:Begamganj
11773:CD blocks
11695:Sultanpur
11677:Mandideep
11669:Goharganj
11639:Begamganj
11631:Begamganj
11532:^part of
11465:Amer Fort
11296:Northeast
11274:Taj Mahal
11228:Agra Fort
10758:www.bl.uk
10557:page scan
10365:pp. 58-59
10283:Marshall
10211:Marshall
10170:Marshall
10093:Marshall
9883:Marshall
9868:Marshall
9476:pp. 68-69
9474:Marshall
9400:Marshall
9388:Marshall
9351:p. 376 sq
8954:Marshall
8942:Marshall
8693:Agnimitra
8238:Udayagiri
8228:Ratnagiri
8183:Lalitgiri
8138:Amaravati
8110:Shravasti
8067:Bodh Gaya
7936:Sariputta
7474:Temple 45
7403:Padmapani
7328:Vajrapani
7295:Vajrapani
7274:Pillar 35
7162:Padmapani
7158:Vajrapani
7101:Classical
7000:Satakarni
6956:3rd panel
6944:2nd panel
6894:Dvarapala
6867:Dvarapala
6780:Dvarapala
6753:Dvarapala
6725:3rd panel
6713:2nd panel
6450:as well.
6210:Bodh Gaya
6139:Devadatta
6074:Dvarapala
6050:Lokapalas
5930:to visit
5928:Rajagriha
5921:to visit
5919:Rajagriha
5801:Mandakini
5704:with the
5702:Bodh Gaya
5662:Siege of
5432:Devalokas
5403:Dvarapala
5279:Dvarapala
5165:Visit of
5127:Rajagriha
5121:Rajagriha
5117:Bimbisara
5067:Bodh Gaya
5056:Lokapalas
5047:Bodh Gaya
5036:Bodh Gaya
4999:chankrama
4995:aniconism
4889:Yasodhara
4881:Siddharta
4850:Shrivatsa
4729:See also
4621:Dvarapala
4602:aniconism
4496:, or the
4459:Gandharva
4418:Dvarapala
4392:Bimbisara
4387:Bimbisara
4383:Rajagriha
4349:Bimbisara
4344:Rajagriha
4309:Buddhist
4302:Rajagriha
4292:Visit of
4253:Rajagriha
4233:(nandana)
3993:Shrivatsa
3972:Shrivatsa
3863:See also
3839:Bodh Gaya
3813:Bodh Gaya
3785:Yakshinis
3777:Shrivatsa
3583:Bodh Gaya
3559:symbols.
3539:Bodh Gaya
3468:Deer Park
3451:Deer Park
3146:Ramagrama
3142:Allakappa
3130:Rajagriha
3111:Ramagrama
3102:Ramagrama
2944:chankrama
2918:Chankrama
2864:Aniconism
2755:, in the
2582:Bodh Gaya
2563:Bodh Gaya
2526:Ramagrama
2510:Ramagrama
2261:palmettes
2213:and side
2208:wave-like
2148:1st c. CE
1899:Satakarni
1825:from the
1730:octagonal
1701:Kham Baba
1474:Kharoshti
1394:Decease.
1356:Kharoshti
1306:Elephant.
1062:Bodh Gaya
1040:Agnimitra
910:Bindusara
906:Temple 40
870:Temple 40
859:sandstone
833:Edict of
658:Sri Lanka
654:Mahavamsa
464:Transport
443:Saru Maru
294:Reference
175:, Mauryan
11957:Satdhara
11811:Udaipura
11758:Udaipura
11750:Udaipura
11689:Satlapur
11090:Archived
11073:Archived
10778:Archived
10398:Note 1.
10298:Maisey,
10270:Marshall
9444:(2007).
8841:, BRILL
8248:Varanasi
8213:Piprahwa
8115:Vaishali
8105:Sankissa
8025:See also
7982:in 1837.
7674:Gandhara
7545:aniconic
7541:pantheon
7518:Gandhara
7506:Gandhara
7481:Buddhism
7111:—
7097:prostyle
7057:Vasishka
7022:Junagadh
7014:Nahapana
7007:Scythian
6470:and two
6448:Gandhara
6208:tree at
5977:sambodhi
5675:Mallakas
5651:Mallakas
5614:Mallakas
5605:Mallakas
5478:is king.
5440:Lokapala
5209:Uruvilva
5185:Uruvilva
4959:Yakshini
4925:Yakshini
4905:Chandaka
4858:Yakshini
4683:Sankissa
4670:Sankissa
4658:Gandhara
4552:Gandhara
4520:triratna
4470:carnyxes
4307:rock-cut
4281:Gandhara
4211:Sravasti
4197:Sravasti
4195:leaving
4171:relief.
4165:Sravasti
4130:Sravasti
4126:Jetavana
4106:Sravasti
4102:Jetavana
4082:Gandhara
4074:aniconic
4063:Sravasti
4007:Sravasti
3985:garlands
3974:symbol.
3960:garlands
3906:Yakshini
3859:Gandhara
3665:plantain
3633:or the "
3557:triratna
3456:triratna
3345:Mallakas
3225:Vessabhu
3158:Kusinara
3109:visited
3096:Emperor
2961:Gandhara
2796:carnyxes
2745:triratna
2622:headband
2455:Mallakas
2442:Mallakas
2364:Miracles
2296:palmette
2288:rosettes
2251:site of
2249:Buddhist
2219:rosettes
2196:rosettes
2157:capitals
1914:of king
1888:—
1478:Gandhara
1448:Vāsudeva
1413:, where
1411:Gandhara
1386:(right).
831:—
818:Kausambi
674:Mahendra
509:and the
488:Overview
423:Satdhara
398:emperor
285:Criteria
255:Diameter
180:Location
173:Buddhist
11852:Silwani
11806:Silwani
11739:Silwani
11731:Silwani
11620:Baraily
11581:Tehsils
11148:Central
10674:p. 31ff
10258:p. 68ff
10226:p. 62ff
10213:p. 60ff
10145:p. 57ff
10127:p. 58ff
10095:p. 55ff
10058:p. 50ff
9996:p. 37ff
9976:p. 46ff
9929:3250056
9491:p. 83ff
8896:p. 15ff
8748:p. 88ff
8558:p. 90ff
8295:Bharhut
8193:Nalanda
8188:Mathura
8178:Kosambi
8158:Devdaha
8148:Bharhut
8082:Sarnath
8077:Lumbini
8003:Vidisha
7560:Vidisha
7526:Bharhut
7490:Vidisha
7459:apsidal
7314:capital
7190:stambha
7151:chaitya
7053:Mathura
6988:Vidisha
6925:Ashokan
6681:Pillars
6673:Yakshas
6610:Lakshmi
6502:Makaras
6468:Chaitya
6167:Tushita
6132:Bharhut
6121:Benares
6115:. King
5932:Vaisali
5923:Vaisali
5833:Benaras
5769:Pillars
5761:Yakshas
5581:capital
5542:toranas
5496:uparaja
5253:Brahmin
5246:Kasyapa
5147:Kasyapa
5144:Brahman
5131:Kasyapa
5093:Kasyapa
4967:Pillars
4951:mahouts
4897:Yakshas
4854:mahouts
4814:toranas
4757:Sakyans
4752:Sakyans
4512:Bharhut
4315:Western
4311:chaitya
4169:Bharhut
4142:Bharhut
4118:Bharhut
4068:In the
3966:with a
3914:Pillars
3737:toranas
3669:Chaitya
3627:Vidisha
3623:Vidisha
3605:'s hair
3472:Benares
3395:Pillars
3253:Kasyapa
3237:Kaasapa
3217:Vipassi
3134:Vaisali
3100:visits
3041:toranas
2934:, King
2879:: King
2730:Bharhut
2723:Vidisha
2653:Yavanas
2524:visits
2453:of the
2334:Jatakas
2311:Yakshas
2253:Sarnath
2235:Persian
2215:volutes
2211:scrolls
2185:Bharhut
2171:at the
2146:capital
2144:Yakshas
2142:Sanchi
2098:capital
2096:Bharhut
2081:Sarnath
2004:Vidisha
1985:Vidisha
1975:Vidisha
1849:in the
1827:Shungas
1758:railing
1738:octagon
1736:of the
1734:arrises
1717:Vidisha
1544:Centaur
1524:Griffin
1506:Lakshmi
1440:Vidisha
1373:Bharhut
1256:Centaur
1240:Peacock
1081:railing
1054:Bharhut
980:Sanchi
943:Mauryas
914:apsidal
814:Sarnath
744:Sarnath
728:capital
666:Vidisha
507:Shungas
482:Vidisha
447:Bharhut
431:Bhojpur
416:toranas
412:Vidisha
396:Mauryan
363:of the
309:Session
216:Country
11968:Sanchi
11847:Raisen
11827:Bareli
11801:Sanchi
11720:Sanchi
11714:Raisen
11706:Raisen
11612:Bareli
11041:
11027:
11013:
10999:
10975:
10961:
10946:
10900:, 1998
10880:
10710:p. 1ff
10686:p. 204
10613:p. 277
10441:p. 388
10402:
10391:Sanchi
10377:p. 100
10071:p. 296
10023:: 1–12
9927:
9834:p. 180
9720:p. 255
9654:
9625:p. 296
9604:
9577:
9550:
9458:
9183:p. 438
9101:p. 250
9068:
9041:
8997:
8932:p. 171
8920:p. 170
8908:p. 149
8881:p. 197
8843:p. 295
8791:
8772:p. 149
8719:
8689:Shunga
8681:Ashoka
8663:
8616:
8589:
8530:p. 155
8506:
8457:p. 8ff
8393:
8233:Sanchi
8133:Ajanta
8100:Rajgir
8007:Yavana
7999:Ujjain
7988:Brahmi
7976:Brahmi
7972:Brahmi
7957:Brahmi
7826:UNESCO
7813:, and
7811:London
7615:Sanchi
7494:Bhilsa
7486:Muslim
7467:Harsha
7463:Maurya
7318:abacus
7284:abacus
7239:abacus
7215:chakra
7174:London
7144:abacus
7123:temple
7063:Guptas
6992:Ujjain
6667:Right
6310:Makara
6183:Brahma
6169:Heaven
6109:Ganges
6042:Brahma
6004:Brahma
5915:Ganges
5755:Right
5718:Ashoka
5585:torana
5492:chauri
5488:amrita
5181:Brahma
5171:Brahma
4893:Rahula
4699:chauri
4687:Brahma
4581:Buddha
4514:, the
4500:-like
4498:carnyx
4482:tunics
4207:Kosala
4193:Kosala
4051:Buddha
3943:Right
3896:Right
3851:Sujata
3492:Ashoka
3447:Ashoka
3381:Right
3239:) and
3122:Buddha
3107:Ashoka
3098:Ashoka
3009:Ashoka
2997:Ashoka
2976:vinaya
2940:Buddha
2885:Buddha
2840:Makara
2753:Odisha
2732:, the
2713:ruler
2644:-like
2642:carnyx
2630:tunics
2522:Ashoka
2429:Śarīra
2352:, the
2273:mahaut
2200:ovolos
2161:Ashoka
1970:torana
1838:stupas
1817:under
1754:abacus
1562:motif.
1432:Sungas
1407:Brahmi
1399:Jataka
1364:stupas
1270:Lotus.
1095:dharma
1079:and a
1073:Sungas
986:Ashoka
863:Chunar
844:abacus
835:Ashoka
826:Sangha
810:Brahmi
786:Torana
748:abacus
732:Ashoka
662:Ujjain
647:Sungas
643:chatra
631:Ashoka
478:Bhopal
474:Bhopal
470:Bhopal
439:Sonari
435:Andher
408:chatra
404:Buddha
400:Ashoka
377:Bhopal
242:Height
225:
206:Sanchi
31:Sanchi
11585:towns
11329:South
11220:North
10722:p. 23
10698:p. 26
10659:p. 18
10625:p. 20
10601:p. 41
10553:p. 92
10344:p. 58
10332:p. 41
10319:p. 83
10285:p. 73
10172:p. 56
10013:(PDF)
9943:p. 37
9925:JSTOR
9885:p. 64
9795:p. 18
9526:p. 84
9402:p. 55
9390:p. 71
9378:p. 65
9363:p. 87
9330:p. 17
9318:p. 16
9171:p. 24
9089:p. 51
9018:p. 48
8956:p. 82
8944:p. 81
8866:p. 90
8816:p. 18
8542:p. 93
8432:p. 31
8353:p. 31
8198:Nasik
7332:vajra
7323:dhoti
7131:Gupta
6657:Left
6595:Stupa
6491:Indra
6214:devas
6179:Indra
6046:Indra
6008:jambu
6000:Indra
5989:Nagas
5876:Nagas
5862:Nagas
5837:Indra
5797:Indra
5745:Left
5484:vajra
5452:Sakra
5340:from
5260:stupa
5223:Vedic
5177:Indra
5167:Indra
4703:lotus
4695:devas
4691:Indra
4494:aulos
4474:aulos
4300:near
4294:Indra
4239:Indra
4231:Indra
4072:(non-
3977:Right
3933:Left
3886:Left
3811:" at
3613:Indra
3547:(the
3464:deers
3371:Left
3273:rajan
3221:Sikhi
3176:Nagas
3172:Tarai
3169:Nepal
3164:Asoka
3126:stupa
3115:Nagas
2800:aolus
2673:Nasik
2657:Yonas
2646:horns
2638:aulos
2614:Sakas
2609:piloi
2530:Nagas
2520:King
2506:Nagas
2257:Ionic
2231:Ionic
1916:Kanha
1883:rajan
1835:Sunga
1823:Malwa
1746:lotus
1711:king
1526:with
1434:king
1426:king
1422:from
1294:Lion.
852:geese
772:stupa
756:geese
388:Stupa
365:State
228:India
196:India
162:Stupa
11781:Badi
11601:Badi
11593:Badi
11417:West
11176:East
11039:ISBN
11025:ISBN
11011:ISBN
10997:ISBN
10973:ISBN
10959:ISBN
10944:ISBN
10878:ISBN
10429:–32.
10400:ISBN
10184:p. 4
10029:2014
9652:ISBN
9602:ISBN
9575:ISBN
9548:ISBN
9456:ISBN
9066:ISBN
9039:ISBN
8995:ISBN
8789:ISBN
8717:ISBN
8661:ISBN
8614:ISBN
8587:ISBN
8504:ISBN
8442:The
8391:ISBN
8208:Pāvā
8019:Yona
7938:and
7778:and
7309:The
7196:and
6996:Eran
6994:and
6837:Mara
6497:Naga
6181:and
6161:The
5985:Mara
5971:Mara
5880:Mara
5710:Mara
5696:Mara
5476:Mara
5456:Yama
5369:Maya
5353:Maya
5215:Naga
5205:Naga
5179:and
5169:and
5021:The
4701:and
4689:and
4679:Maya
4472:and
4317:and
4124:The
4059:Pali
3948:Left
3847:Mara
3829:Mara
3262:The
3235:and
3156:and
3154:Pava
2798:and
2692:Yona
2669:Yona
2431:and
2416:Mara
2391:Mara
2243:The
2202:and
1843:The
1833:and
1813:The
1750:bead
857:The
816:and
726:The
670:Devi
480:and
158:Type
11583:and
10531:doi
10021:142
9917:doi
7809:in
7672:of
7558:at
7516:of
6446:of
6119:of
6002:or
5653:of
5616:of
5207:at
5065:in
5058:).
5045:at
5034:in
4656:of
4550:of
4351:or
4279:of
4205:of
4191:of
4128:at
4104:of
4080:of
4009:.)
3857:of
3837:at
3251:of
2983:):
2959:of
2508:at
2444:of
1060:in
984:of
742:at
551:by
458:200
367:of
359:in
298:524
12028::
10984:,
10912:,
10756:.
10728:^
10665:^
10577:^
10555:,
10500:^
10447:^
10427:29
10350:^
10310:^
10302:,
10291:^
10276:^
10233:^
10190:^
10161:^
10134:^
10102:^
10037:^
10019:.
10015:.
9983:^
9949:^
9923:.
9913:54
9911:.
9876:^
9861:^
9840:^
9825:^
9776:^
9726:^
9711:^
9699:^
9631:^
9616:^
9532:^
9482:^
9450:.
9426:.
9414:^
9369:^
9286:41
9265:60
9247:^
9239:72
9224:^
9162:^
9124:^
9080:^
9024:^
9009:^
8978:^
8962:^
8887:^
8872:^
8849:^
8822:^
8803:^
8754:^
8735:^
8725:.
8628:^
8549:^
8521:^
8512:.
8476:^
8423:^
8405:^
8370:^
8001:,
7821:.
7790:.
7563:c.
7270:.
7176:.
7172:,
7038:c.
6990:,
6216:.
6058:.
6044:,
6021:.
5888:.
5844:.
5587:.
5442:;
5345:.
5069:.
4733:.
4575:.
4554:.
4455:".
4365:.
4283:.
4255:)
4110:.
4076:)
3995:.
3867:.
3817:c.
3708:.
3585:.
3319:.
3231:,
3227:,
3223:,
3219:,
3202:.
3152:,
3148:,
3144:,
3140:,
3136:,
3132:,
2987:.
2759:.
2738:c.
2725:.
2648:.
2360:.
2302:.
2290:,
2275:.
2198:,
1987:.
1861::
1720:c.
1105:.
1064:.
951:.
946:c.
774:3.
484:.
445:.
383:.
208:,
194:,
190:,
186:,
11917:e
11910:t
11903:v
11566:e
11559:t
11552:v
11376:^
11255:^
11186:^
11132:e
11125:t
11118:v
10950:.
10886:.
10760:.
10537:.
10533::
10408:.
10396:7
10031:.
9931:.
9919::
9660:.
9610:.
9583:.
9556:.
9464:.
9430:.
9288:.
9267:.
9241:.
9074:.
9047:.
9003:.
8797:.
8669:.
8642:.
8622:.
8595:.
8487:.
8399:.
8282:e
8275:t
8268:v
8009:(
7492:(
7409:.
7301:.
7204:.
7081:.
6839:.
6558:.
6500:(
6399:.
6134:.
6015:.
5934:.
5882:.
5470:-
5379:.
5363:.
5054:(
5039:.
4660:.
4508:.
4287:.
4043:.
3861:.
3822:.
3289:.
3282:.
3178:.
3160:.
2924:.
2736:(
2655:/
2473:"
2464:"
2375:.
2329:.
2078:,
2061:)
2016:"
2012:"
1998:(
1788:.
1673:.
1546:.
1258:.
1242:.
1215:.
1016:.
536:.
456:₹
311:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
