560:
55:
327:
610:
Reyes Mena as the man who ordered the ambush. The Truth
Commission stated that the attack violated international human rights law and international humanitarian law. However, due to an amnesty bill passed in 1993, Reyes Mena was never arrested nor charged with the massacre. Bruce Hazelwood, an American military trainer present at the barracks that day, confirmed that the army knew about the meeting between the journalists and the guerrillas and that they planned an ambush. He confirmed Reyes Mena ordered the attack.
270:
314:, published a list of 35 journalists they intended to kill for being "Soviet-Cuban-Sandinist accomplices," but none of the Dutch journalists were on the list. The fact that none of the men were on the list convinced Koster to continue with his team's reporting despite the others being concerned about the situation. The team planned to head for
620:
In 2016, the 1993 amnesty law was repealed after it was found to be unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court. Since then, the Fundación Comunicándonos and the Salvadoran Association for Human Rights (ASDEHU) have been pushing for justice for the Dutch journalists. Raquel de Guevara from the Human Rights
609:
The Dutch conducted an investigation into the incident and came to the conclusion that it was in fact a massacre. They also discovered that US soldiers were present at the base the day of the massacre. The United
Nations conducted their own investigation in 1993 and identified Colonel Mario Aldaberto
309:
The journalists were arrested by the
Treasury Police on 11 March for making contact with FMLN guerrillas. They were questioned for around four to five hours and then released. Koster later made remarks of his arrest saying, "it was just another way for the military to intimidate us into discontinuing
617:. Journalists interviewed him at his home on 24 September 2018 but he defended himself stating that both Duarte and the US conducted investigations and found no evidence of him ordering the massacre. He accused the journalists of never telling the truth and being part of a communist conspiracy.
1116:[In the commemoration of the 37th anniversary of the murder of four Dutch journalists in the framework of the armed conflict, the #ProcuradoraDDHH @RaqueldeGuevara assured that it will provide support to promote the investigation of the events and ensure that justice is done.] (
637:
and
Colonel Francisco Antonio Morán, in relation to the massacre. She also ordered the extradition of Reyes Mena to El Salvador in relation to the case. A criminal chamber ratified the rulings and confirmed the arrest warrants against GarcĂa, Morán, and Reyes Mena on 23 December 2022.
519:
When the crew passed the El ParaĂso barracks, they noticed a jeep began to follow them but it eventually went away. At around 5 p.m., the journalists and their guide turned off the main road and drove up a road called Calle Santa Rita connecting El ParaĂso to CantĂłn
Piedras Gordas,
632:
filed a criminal complaint against Reyes Mena and twenty-five ex-soldiers, accusing them of organizing and carrying out the massacre. On 16 October 2022, Salvadoran judge MarĂa
Mercedes Arguello ordered the arrests of several retired military officials, including General
515:
who was their guide for the trip in San
Salvador. At around 4 p.m., the crew stopped at a bridge colloquially called "the Golden Bridge", which marked the border between government and guerrilla territory, and they filmed themselves with the soldiers guarding the bridge.
1114:"En la conmemoración del 37 aniversario del asesinato de cuatro periodistas Holandeses en el marco del Conflicto armado, la #ProcuradoraDDHH @RaqueldeGuevara aseguró que dará acompañamiento para impulsar la investigación de los hechos y que se haga justicia"
539:, returned to San Salvador since they planned to stay with the guerrillas for several days. The 9 men walked into the jungle, but they were ambushed by the army with 8 of the being killed. "MartĂn" was the only survivor. According to
594:
to commemorate the journalists' deaths, stating "their only crime was to tell the truth about what was occurring in our country and reporting the abuses of the State against the civil population during the armed conflict"
256:
operated in the country and terrorized the civilian population. The paramilitaries and death squads targeted rural peasants, journalists, and human rights workers, labeling them as guerrillas and co-combatants of the
621:
Advocate of El
Salvador announced that they would also be seeking justice for the journalists. Dutch civilians have also wanted Reyes Mena to be prosecuted. Those seeking justice remain hopeful since
31:
551:, "the military waited for them and basically executed them." Their driver was notified of the massacre at 7am the next day. The bodies of the journalists were returned to San Salvador.
1015:
559:
579:
on 16 April. The
Salvadoran Army stated that there was not an ambush or a massacre, but instead, the journalists were caught in crossfire between the army and the guerrillas.
613:
A new Dutch organization, ZEMBLA, tracked down Reyes Mena using declassified US documents. Reyes Mena left El Salvador for the United States in 1984 where he since lived in
1197:
421:
355:
575:
on 18 March which sparked demonstrations calling for the removal of the junta. A memorial for the journalists and the 40,000 victims of the civil war was created in
217:, on 17 March 1982. During the massacre, soldiers from the Atonal Battalion attacked and killed four Dutch journalists and a disputed number of guerrillas from the
310:
our reports on El Salvador." A few days later, the Maximiliano Hernández MartĂnez Anti-Communist Brigade, a far-right death squad named after former President
598:
su Ăşnico crimen fue decir la verdad sobre lo que ocurrĂa en nuestro paĂs reportando los abusos del Estado hacia la poblaciĂłn civil durante el conflicto armado
787:
953:
1430:
625:, another Salvadoran war criminal, was extradited to El Salvador in 2016. However, since 2019, legislators have been pushing for a new amnesty bill.
1499:
1084:
453:
986:
348:
529:
242:
1144:
508:
258:
218:
130:
1629:
1614:
583:, the president of the JRG, visited the site and stated on 25 March, "it was not a premeditated act, in my opinion, it was an accident".
330:
Site of the massacre as seen in 2021. A memorial plaque used to be on the large tree on the right, however, it has since been destroyed.
1300:
341:
83:
1170:
722:
1594:
1535:
1467:
1423:
507:
The journalists left the hotel for Chalatenango at 3:00 p.m. on 17 March. They picked up "Commander Ă“scar", a commander of the
478:
1584:
409:
392:
1589:
311:
54:
1619:
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1271:
404:
238:
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1461:
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1235:
548:
495:
286:
26:
796:
1493:
1285:
448:
1286:"Recent Political Violence in El Salvador, Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence United States Senate"
1624:
1229:"From Madness to Hope: the 12–Year War in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador"
202:
1574:
431:
387:
76:
318:, an area that was mostly held by the guerrillas, on Wednesday 17 March to film the fighting in the area.
783:
587:
253:
1380:
LeoGrande, William M.; Robbins, Carla Anne (1980). "Oligarchs and Officers: The Crisis in El Salvador".
601:"). As the proposal only received 12 votes in favor—with the remaining 72 not voting—it failed to pass.
1634:
1609:
1604:
634:
622:
414:
1228:
1255:
580:
528:, where they met 3 more guerrillas named "MartĂn," "Carlos," and "Tello," after which, their driver,
490:
326:
821:
525:
629:
521:
426:
315:
210:
206:
69:
1529:
1263:
1089:
473:
234:
822:"Behind the Death Squads: An Exclusive Report on the US role in El Salvador's Official Terror"
699:
1487:
657:
443:
1599:
1523:
1478:
1227:
Betancur, Belisario; Figueredo Planchart, Reinaldo; Buergenthal, Thomas (26 January 2001).
1117:
647:
468:
365:
282:
46:
1113:
8:
1330:
922:"In Cold Blood: Salvadorian Colonel who Plotted Murder has been Living in United States"
1552:
1505:
1397:
652:
540:
458:
250:
1058:
1334:
1316:
1267:
591:
1033:
1389:
1322:
1292:
245:(JRG) which governed the country from 18 October 1979 until the democratization of
194:
1281:
230:
157:
1087:[Deputies Without Votes for a Minute of Silence for Dutch Journalists].
1198:"Ratifican Arresto Contra Militares Salvadoreños por Asesinato de Neerlandeses"
1085:"Diputados Sin Votos para un Minuto de Silencio por los Periodistas Holandeses"
847:"El Salvador Civil War - Military Junta - Salvadoran Civil War - TV Eye - 1981"
544:
534:
921:
846:
1568:
1326:
1296:
512:
98:
85:
22:
1200:[They Ratified the Arrests Against Soldiers for the Dutch Murders].
277:
On 24 February 1982, four Dutch journalists arrived at the Hotel Alameda in
1408:
1175:
382:
278:
1016:"Salvadoran Soldiers Charged with Deaths of Four Dutch Reporters in 1982"
572:
293:
246:
214:
1401:
302:
Johannes "Joop" Jan Willemsen (31 March 1937 – 17 March 1982), cameraman
1454:
333:
1226:
1039:
1393:
576:
564:
269:
153:
987:"4 Dutch Newsmen Slain on a Trip to Film Guerrillas in El Salvador"
954:"El Salvador: Justice Demanded for 1982 Killing of Dutch Reporters"
614:
143:
1129:
1338:
289:(IKON), a Dutch public broadcaster. The Dutch journalists were:
1259:
789:
El Salvador: Significant Political Actors and Their Interaction
1059:"Justice Sought for 4 Dutch Journalists Killed in El Salvador"
723:"New Push for Justice after 4 Dutch Journalists Slain in 1982"
299:
Jan Cornelius Kuiper (19 March 1942 – 17 March 1982), director
1252:
The Salvadoran Officer Corps and the Final Offensive of 1981
1171:"Salvador Court Orders Arrests in Dutch Journalist Killings"
740:
305:
Hans Lodewijk ter Laag (? – 17 March 1982), sound technician
782:
590:
presented a proposal to the Legislative Assembly to hold a
249:
on 2 May 1982. During the JRG's governance in El Salvador,
567:
for the 4 journalists and 40,000 victims of the civil war.
752:
764:
702:. Derechos Human Rights. 29 March 1993. pp. 69–75
1040:
Betancur, Figueredo Planchart & Buergenthal 2001
1145:"Central Americans Confront Amnesty for War Crimes"
700:"Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador"
1361:"37 Years after the Killing of Dutch Journalists"
1566:
1379:
1111:
1264:McFarland & Company Incorporated Publishers
628:On 16 July 2021, human rights organizations in
281:in preparations to do reporting on the ongoing
1388:(5). Council on Foreign Relations: 1084–1103.
1056:
720:
1424:
1142:
951:
596:
349:
1438:
984:
776:
1500:Murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador
1236:The Commission on the Truth for El Salvador
819:
1431:
1417:
1301:United States Government Publishing Office
1009:
1007:
571:News of the massacre was broadcast in the
356:
342:
296:(9 January 1936 – 17 March 1982), producer
53:
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509:Farabundo MartĂ Popular Liberation Forces
259:Farabundo MartĂ National Liberation Front
219:Farabundo MartĂ National Liberation Front
1314:
1013:
882:
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59:Journalists at the site of the massacre
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978:
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229:On 15 October 1979, a faction of the
936:
813:
795:, CIA, pp. 1–16, archived from
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692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
604:
264:
233:overthrew the government of General
1112:PDDH El Salvador (28 March 2019).
971:
714:
285:. The journalists were working for
13:
1630:Human rights abuses in El Salvador
1615:March 1982 events in North America
1494:Massacre at Ă“scar Romero's funeral
1353:
1315:Haggerty, Richard A., ed. (1990).
1169:Alemán, Marcos (16 October 2022).
1045:
14:
1651:
1536:Murders of Jesuits in El Salvador
1083:Magaña, Yolanda (15 March 2023).
1014:Renteria, Nelson (16 July 2021).
675:
1057:Selsky, Andrew (24 March 2019).
721:Selsky, Andrew (25 March 2019).
549:Truth Commission for El Salvador
287:Interkerkelijke Omroep Nederland
1220:
1190:
1162:
1105:
1076:
952:Gies, Heather (29 March 2019).
586:On 15 March 2023, Vamos deputy
241:. The military established the
16:Massacre in El Salvador in 1982
1204:(in Spanish). 23 December 2022
1143:Cuffe, Sandra (6 March 2019).
985:Hoge, Warren (19 March 1982).
839:
312:Maximiliano Hernández MartĂnez
243:Revolutionary Government Junta
1:
1595:1982 murders in North America
663:
224:
1585:1980s murders in El Salvador
1318:El Salvador: A Country Study
668:
554:
7:
924:. Zembla. 26 September 2018
784:Central Intelligence Agency
641:
321:
294:Koos Jacobus Andries Koster
10:
1656:
1590:1982 crimes in El Salvador
1545:
1477:
1446:
1256:Jefferson, North Carolina
849:. ThamesTv. 13 March 1981
375:
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149:
137:
124:
120:Around 5:00 p.m. (–6 UTC)
114:
75:
64:
52:
44:
39:
1620:Massacres in El Salvador
1580:1982 in military history
1468:Cathedral Slope massacre
1440:Massacres in El Salvador
1365:El Salvador Perspectives
1250:Bosch, Brian J. (1999).
749:, pp. 28 & 114.
1640:Chalatenango Department
70:Santa Rita, El Salvador
27:Infobox civilian attack
20:
597:
568:
331:
274:
235:Carlos Humberto Romero
198:
32:considered for merging
1488:Sumpul River massacre
658:Sumpul River massacre
635:JosĂ© Guillermo GarcĂa
630:Dulce Nombre de MarĂa
623:JosĂ© Guillermo GarcĂa
562:
329:
272:
239:bloodless coup d'Ă©tat
199:masacre de Santa Rita
99:14.09306°N 89.03278°W
1625:Salvadoran Civil War
1524:El Calabozo massacre
820:Allan Nairn (1984).
648:El Calabozo massacre
581:José Napoleón Duarte
367:Salvadoran Civil War
283:Salvadoran Civil War
273:Koos Koster in 1973.
201:) occurred near the
47:Salvadoran Civil War
1575:1982 in El Salvador
1518:Santa Rita massacre
1512:Santa Cruz massacre
1331:Library of Congress
826:History is a Weapon
432:Lolotique shootdown
191:Santa Rita massacre
104:14.09306; -89.03278
95: /
40:Santa Rita massacre
1553:Mejicanos massacre
1506:El Mozote massacre
1284:(5 October 1984).
991:The New York Times
802:on 23 January 2017
727:The Public's Radio
653:El Mozote massacre
569:
543:, a member of the
541:Thomas Buergenthal
393:Political tensions
332:
275:
1635:Military scandals
1610:Massacres in 1982
1605:March 1982 events
1562:
1561:
1530:Zona Rosa attacks
786:(17 March 2013),
605:Legal proceedings
592:moment of silence
511:, and "Rubén", a
504:
503:
427:Offensive of 1989
422:Offensive of 1982
410:Offensive of 1981
388:1972 coup attempt
265:Dutch journalists
187:
186:
128:Dutch journalists
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1462:Student massacre
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1426:
1419:
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1394:10.2307/20040583
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1323:Washington, D.C.
1311:
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1307:
1293:Washington, D.C.
1290:
1282:Goldwater, Barry
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496:Truth Commission
449:Romero's funeral
415:Ilopango Airport
405:1979 coup d'Ă©tat
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183:Atonal Battalion
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1382:Foreign Affairs
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1367:. 28 March 2019
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1354:Further reading
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761:, pp. 1–2.
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1546:Post-civil war
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1120:) (in Spanish)
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970:
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775:
773:, p. 235.
763:
759:Goldwater 1984
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563:A memorial in
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118:17 March 1982
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1447:Pre-civil war
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1327:United States
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1297:United States
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1273:0-7864-0612-7
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1049:
1042:, p. 64.
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1221:Bibliography
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1128:– via
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1093:(in Spanish)
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279:San Salvador
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254:death squads
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211:Chalatenango
203:municipality
190:
188:
45:Part of the
25:
18:
1600:1982 crimes
1481:(1979–1992)
1344:23 February
1208:24 December
573:Netherlands
533: [
530:Armin Wertz
469:El Calabozo
247:El Salvador
215:El Salvador
180:Perpetrator
139:Attack type
102: /
77:Coordinates
21:‹ The
1569:Categories
1455:La Matanza
1202:Swiss Info
1182:4 November
1149:Al Jazeera
958:Al Jazeera
747:Bosch 1999
664:References
526:San Rafael
522:Santa Rita
464:Santa Rita
225:Background
207:Santa Rita
133:guerrillas
90:89°01′58″W
87:14°05′35″N
1479:Civil war
1306:18 August
853:17 August
831:18 August
669:Citations
577:Amsterdam
565:Amsterdam
555:Aftermath
485:Aftermath
474:Zona Rosa
459:El Mozote
438:Massacres
399:Civil War
251:far-right
30:is being
1402:20040583
1339:89048948
1097:16 March
1090:El Mundo
642:See also
615:Virginia
322:Massacre
261:(FMLN).
221:(FMLN).
144:Massacre
65:Location
34:. ›
23:template
1130:Twitter
1063:AP News
1025:16 July
1020:Reuters
479:Jesuits
378:Prelude
195:Spanish
172:Injured
150:Weapons
1555:(2010)
1538:(1989)
1532:(1985)
1526:(1982)
1520:(1982)
1514:(1981)
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1502:(1980)
1496:(1980)
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1470:(1979)
1464:(1975)
1458:(1932)
1400:
1337:
1270:
1260:London
1241:22 May
524:, and
444:Sumpul
164:Deaths
125:Target
1398:JSTOR
1289:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
1118:Tweet
800:(PDF)
793:(PDF)
537:]
237:in a
68:Near
1373:2020
1346:2020
1335:LCCN
1308:2020
1268:ISBN
1243:2021
1210:2022
1184:2022
1156:2020
1126:2020
1099:2023
1070:2020
1027:2021
998:2020
965:2020
930:2020
855:2020
833:2020
808:2020
734:2020
708:2020
189:The
158:M60s
156:and
154:M16s
131:FMLN
115:Date
1390:doi
209:in
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