443:
29:
330:
The
Sarandoy were tasked to provide support for Soviet and Afghan forces during anti-guerrilla operations. They were also tasked to arrest any deserters and ensure conscription compliance. The unit was tasked to investigate and join in operations to arrest anyone deemed to enemies of the government.
383:
wrote in 1988 that '...By 1985 there were 20 identified
Sarandoy Operational Battalions and Mountain Battalions. They were attached to provincial Sarandoy commands and include armoured vehicles and light artillery. The Kabul Security Command controlled two mobile regiments (the 1st and 2nd)... A
334:
From 1985, the
Sarandoy were tasked to protect economic assets such as oil fields and gas pipelines. When the Soviets started to leave Afghanistan, they were used to provide security during humanitarian missions and were seen speaking to locals about the purpose of these missions.
406:
While the
Sarandoy were reported to be effective in fighting the mujahideen, Soviet military personnel reported concerns that they're likely to be infiltrated by mujahideen groups. In turn, this forces them to limit sharing whatever information they have to Sarandoy officers.
280:
Successor of the former Afghan
Regional Gendarmerie, the Sarandoy were raised in 1978 with an initial strength of 30,000–35,000 officers and enlisted men, intended to be used on internal security duties.
284:
The Soviet MVD Kobalt unit was responsible for providing training assistance to
Sarandoy officers from 1980/1981. 5,000 Soviet advisors were brought to Afghanistan to assist in training.
1057:
1042:
373:
Those who served in the
Sarandoy were paid 162 dollars a month, a wage which was higher than that of Deputy Minister of National Defence before the April 1978
1037:
370:'s 160,000, while at other times the Sarandoy were said to exceed the Army. The unit grew its size in respond to the rise of the mujahideen insurgency.
415:
Some prospective
Sarandoy personnel were chosen to be trained in the USSR. 12,000 of these Sarandoy personnel were trained at MVD facilities in the
1067:
1047:
403:
A number of previously
Sarandoy units were eventually upgraded to Afghan Army formations, as part of the regularization of the militia.
300:
355:
265:
210:
74:
1052:
806:
745:
707:
669:
580:
634:
1013:
968:
338:
A Russian source mentioned that
Sarandoy personnel moonlighted as bodyguards under orders from Gulabzoy. Additionally,
261:
64:
994:
942:
919:
900:
877:
400:. At the beginning of 1986, operational control of some units passed to the new unified Ministry of State Security.
288:
206:
428:
1062:
1032:
842:
563:
346:
fighters to fight against the Sarandoy’s 7th Operative Regiment, only to fail and take massive casualties.
319:
intelligence service. Accordingly, armed clashes occurred on occasion between the Sarandoy and the KHAD.
462:
146:
420:
359:
233:
228:
661:
495:
88:
798:
693:
269:
202:
377:
and some of them would prove effective fighters, although many were little more than thugs.
130:
114:
8:
699:
469:
456:
162:
158:
960:
654:
448:
110:
322:
In some instances, the Sarandoy's assets were mobilized against pro-Parcham factions.
1009:
990:
964:
938:
915:
896:
892:
873:
802:
787:
741:
703:
665:
638:
576:
106:
102:
735:
850:
572:
363:
134:
126:
118:
374:
339:
150:
142:
166:
154:
122:
366:
officer. At one point, the Sarandoy fielded some 115,000 men, compared to the
287:
The unit was disbanded by 1992 after the collapse of the DRA and start of the
1026:
931:
Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century
794:
720:
416:
98:
843:"Building Afghanistan's Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience"
789:
The main enemy: the inside story of the CIA's final showdown with the KGB
367:
257:
84:
54:
565:
Building Afghanistan's Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience
952:
385:
380:
343:
419:
between 1978 and 1986, many of them being junior commanders and NCOs (
934:
424:
389:
393:
384:
further four Sarandoy brigades/regiments have been identified in
358:, the Sarandoy was commanded by the Minister of Interior General
311:
912:
Storm‑333: KGB and Spetsnaz seize Kabul, Soviet–Afghan War 1979
397:
249:
138:
299:
The Sarandoy was subjected to internal politics of the ruling
305:
184:
1004:
Zaloga, Steven J.; Lucznak, Wojciech; Beldam, Barry (1992).
870:
Afghan Wars, Battles in a hostile land - 1839 to the present
513:
316:
28:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
423:). 2,500 of these Sarandoy personnel would be trained in
530:
528:
501:
252:: څارندوی - "Defenders of the Revolution"; also spelled
612:
589:
656:
A region in turmoil: South Asian conflicts since 1947
525:
470:
A Region in Turmoil: South Asian Conflicts since 1947
16:
Gendarmerie of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
822:
766:
438:
1003:
754:
685:
786:
653:
1024:
778:
1058:Defunct law enforcement agencies of Afghanistan
1043:Paramilitary organisations based in Afghanistan
691:
867:
519:
987:Flashpoint! At the Front Line of Today's Wars
1038:Non-military counterinsurgency organizations
784:
886:
507:
785:Bearden, Milt; Risen, James (6 May 2003).
733:
692:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (2007).
645:
27:
928:
629:
627:
618:
606:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
909:
534:
651:
303:, as its forces were controlled by the
1025:
840:
740:. Internet Archive. US Inst Peace Pr.
624:
561:
540:
294:
211:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
984:
951:
828:
772:
760:
489:
33:Sarandoy gendarmes at a checkpoint (
1068:Indigenous counterinsurgency forces
1048:Collaborators with the Soviet Union
1008:. Hong Kong: Concord Publications.
13:
978:
887:Isby, David; Volstad, Ron (1993).
635:"Afghanistan — not so great games"
262:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
65:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
14:
1079:
441:
354:Placed under the control of the
291:due to mass cases of desertion.
861:
834:
727:
492:US Department of State Bulletin
431:for past excellence in combat.
429:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
349:
1053:Government paramilitary forces
695:A brief history of Afghanistan
483:
268:from 1978 to 1992, during the
1:
989:. UK: Arms and Armour Press.
477:
315:faction which controlled the
194:"Defenders of the Revolution"
1006:Armor of the Afghanistan War
356:Ministry of Interior Affairs
289:Afghan Civil War (1992-1996)
207:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
75:Ministry of Interior Affairs
7:
889:Russia's War in Afghanistan
660:. Reaktion Books. pp.
434:
410:
325:
260:force of the Soviet-backed
10:
1084:
868:O'Ballance, Edgar (1993).
490:Karp, Craig (March 1988),
275:
914:. UK: Osprey Publishing.
463:Defense of the Revolution
421:non-commissioned officers
388:(24th Sarandoy Brigade),
221:
216:
198:
190:
180:
172:
94:
80:
70:
60:
50:
42:
26:
21:
652:Johnson, Robert (2005).
309:faction, opposed to the
929:Landsford, Tom (2017).
910:Galeotti, Mark (2021).
797:Digital, Inc. pp.
737:How we missed the story
508:Isby & Volstad 1993
360:Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy
234:Mohammad Aslam Watanjar
229:Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy
176:115,000 men (at height)
496:US Department of State
89:Military reserve force
841:Oliker, Olga (2011).
562:Oliker, Olga (2011).
1063:Defunct gendarmeries
1033:1980s in Afghanistan
266:Ministry of Interior
131:Executive protection
115:Counter-intelligence
985:Guest, Ken (1994).
734:Roy Gutman (2008).
700:Infobase Publishing
457:Afghan Local Police
295:Lack of cooperation
159:Security checkpoint
961:Palgrave Macmillan
957:War in Afghanistan
449:Afghanistan portal
111:Counter-insurgency
893:Osprey Publishing
872:. UK: Brassey's.
808:978-0-679-46309-2
747:978-1-60127-024-5
709:978-0-8160-5761-0
702:. pp. 166–.
671:978-1-86189-257-7
582:978-0-8330-5168-4
427:, the capital of
270:Soviet–Afghan War
239:
238:
203:Soviet–Afghan War
107:Anti-tank warfare
103:Internal security
1075:
1019:
1000:
974:
948:
925:
906:
883:
856:
855:
851:RAND Corporation
847:
838:
832:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
792:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
751:
731:
725:
724:
718:
716:
689:
683:
682:
680:
678:
659:
649:
643:
642:
641:on 10 June 2006.
637:. Archived from
631:
622:
616:
610:
604:
587:
586:
573:RAND Corporation
570:
559:
538:
532:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
498:
487:
451:
446:
445:
444:
364:Afghan Air Force
135:Force protection
127:Mountain warfare
119:Covert operation
31:
19:
18:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1023:
1022:
1016:
997:
981:
979:Further reading
971:
945:
922:
903:
880:
864:
859:
845:
839:
835:
827:
823:
813:
811:
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771:
767:
759:
755:
748:
732:
728:
714:
712:
710:
690:
686:
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650:
646:
633:
632:
625:
617:
613:
605:
590:
583:
568:
560:
541:
533:
526:
520:O'Ballance 1993
518:
514:
506:
502:
488:
484:
480:
447:
442:
440:
437:
413:
375:Saur Revolution
352:
344:Arab Mujahideen
342:personally led
340:Osama Bin Laden
328:
297:
278:
242:
231:
223:
209:
205:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
143:Law enforcement
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
87:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1021:
1020:
1015:978-0333432648
1014:
1001:
995:
980:
977:
976:
975:
970:978-0333432648
969:
949:
943:
926:
920:
907:
901:
884:
878:
863:
860:
858:
857:
833:
831:, p. 226.
821:
807:
777:
775:, p. 182.
765:
753:
746:
726:
708:
684:
670:
644:
623:
621:, p. 410.
619:Landsford 2017
611:
609:, p. 409.
607:Landsford 2017
588:
581:
539:
524:
512:
500:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
473:by Rob Johnson
466:
460:
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409:
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200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
167:Traffic police
155:Reconnaissance
123:Desert warfare
96:
92:
91:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1080:
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1066:
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1054:
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1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
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1028:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
996:1-85409-247-2
992:
988:
983:
982:
972:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
944:9781598847598
940:
936:
932:
927:
923:
921:9781472841872
917:
913:
908:
904:
902:0-85045-691-6
898:
894:
890:
885:
881:
879:1-85753-308-9
875:
871:
866:
865:
853:
852:
844:
837:
830:
825:
810:
804:
800:
796:
791:
790:
781:
774:
769:
763:, p. 46.
762:
757:
749:
743:
739:
738:
730:
722:
711:
705:
701:
697:
696:
688:
673:
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648:
640:
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630:
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615:
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603:
601:
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593:
584:
578:
574:
567:
566:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
537:, p. 19.
536:
535:Galeotti 2021
531:
529:
522:, p. 88.
521:
516:
510:, p. 20.
509:
504:
497:
493:
486:
482:
472:
471:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
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308:
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292:
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273:
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267:
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259:
255:
251:
247:
241:Military unit
235:
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197:
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69:
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59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1005:
986:
956:
930:
911:
888:
869:
862:Bibliography
849:
836:
824:
812:. Retrieved
795:Random House
788:
780:
768:
756:
736:
729:
721:Google Books
719:– via
713:. Retrieved
694:
687:
675:. Retrieved
655:
647:
639:the original
614:
564:
515:
503:
491:
485:
468:
417:Soviet Union
414:
405:
402:
379:
372:
353:
350:Organization
337:
333:
329:
321:
310:
304:
298:
286:
283:
279:
253:
245:
243:
181:Headquarters
99:Reserve army
34:
953:Urban, Mark
368:Afghan Army
362:, a former
258:gendarmerie
256:) were the
199:Engagements
191:Nickname(s)
85:Gendarmerie
55:Afghanistan
1027:Categories
829:Urban 1988
773:Urban 1988
761:Urban 1988
478:References
386:Badakhshan
381:Mark Urban
264:under the
224:commanders
217:Commanders
61:Allegiance
254:Tsarandoi
46:1978–1992
37:magazine)
955:(1988).
935:ABC-CLIO
814:29 March
715:29 March
677:29 March
435:See also
425:Tashkent
411:Training
390:Kandahar
326:Missions
246:Sarandoy
232:General
227:General
163:Tracking
22:Sarandoy
933:. USA:
394:Baghlan
312:Parcham
276:History
222:Notable
151:Raiding
147:Manhunt
51:Country
1012:
993:
967:
959:. UK:
941:
918:
899:
891:. UK:
876:
805:
744:
706:
668:
579:
465:(DotR)
398:Parwan
250:Pashto
139:HUMINT
71:Branch
43:Active
846:(PDF)
569:(PDF)
459:(ALP)
306:Khalq
185:Kabul
1010:ISBN
991:ISBN
965:ISBN
939:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
874:ISBN
816:2011
803:ISBN
742:ISBN
717:2011
704:ISBN
679:2011
666:ISBN
577:ISBN
396:and
317:KhAD
301:PDPA
244:The
173:Size
95:Role
81:Type
35:LIFE
801:–.
799:310
664:–.
662:176
1029::
963:.
937:.
895:.
848:.
793:.
698:.
626:^
591:^
575:.
571:.
542:^
527:^
494:,
392:,
272:.
1018:.
999:.
973:.
947:.
924:.
905:.
882:.
854:.
818:.
750:.
723:.
681:.
585:.
248:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
