250:(GSO), which appear at a fixed position in the sky. These systems can maintain near-continuous global coverage with only three or four satellites, reducing the launch costs. The satellites used for these systems are very heavy (about 5000 kg) and expensive to build and launch. The satellites orbit at an altitude of 35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi) above the Earth's surface; a noticeable delay is present while making a phone call or using data services due to the large distance from users. The amount of bandwidth available on these systems is substantially higher than that of the low Earth orbit systems; all three active systems provide portable satellite Internet using laptop-sized terminals with speeds ranging from 60 to 512 kbit per second (
200:
30:
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846:
563:, the newest handsets are quite expensive. The Iridium 9505A, released in 2001, sold in March 2010 for over $ 1,000. Satellite phones are purpose-built for one particular network and cannot be switched to other networks. The price of handsets varies with network performance. If a satellite phone provider encounters trouble with its network, handset prices will fall, then increase once new satellites are launched. Similarly, handset prices will increase when calling rates are reduced.
22:
659:
Shipping (DGS) Order No. 02 of 2012 which prohibits the unauthorised import and operation of
Thuraya, Iridium and other such satellite phones in Indian waters. The legislation to this effect is Section 6 of Indian Wireless Act and Section 20 of Indian Telegraph Act. International Long Distance (ILD) licences and No Objection Certificates (NOC) issued by Indian Department of Telecommunications (DOT) are mandatory for satellite communication services on Indian territory.
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414:, started in the late 1990s, but soon went into bankruptcy after failing to gain enough subscribers to fund launch costs. They are now operated by new owners who bought the assets for a fraction of their original cost and are now both planning to launch replacement constellations supporting higher bandwidth. Data speeds for current networks are between 2200 and 9600 bit/s using a satellite handset.
367:
kilometers (400 to 700 miles). Since the satellites are not geostationary, they move with respect to the ground. Any given satellite is only in view of a phone for a short time, so the call must be "handed off" electronically to another satellite when one passes beyond the local horizon. Depending on the positions of both the satellite and terminal, a usable
643:
attempts, which has led some intelligence agencies to believe that satellite phones aid terrorist activity. It is also common for restrictions to be in place in countries with oppressive governments regimes as a way to both expose subversive agents within their country and maximize the control of the
100:
do. Therefore, they can work in most geographic locations on the Earth's surface, as long as open sky and the line-of-sight between the phone and the satellite are provided. Depending on the architecture of a particular system, coverage may include the entire Earth or only specific regions. Satellite
171:
bring the costs within the reach of leisure vessel owners. Internet service satellite phones have notoriously poor reception indoors, though it may be possible to get a consistent signal near a window or in the top floor of a building if the roof is sufficiently thin. The phones have connectors for
124:
Satellite phones are popular on expeditions into remote locations where there is no reliable cellular service, such as recreational hiking, hunting, fishing, and boating trips, as well as for business purposes, such as mining locations and maritime shipping. Satellite phones rarely get disrupted by
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and regular mobile phones is more expensive. Costs for data transmissions (particularly broadband data) can be much higher. Rates from landlines and mobile phones range from $ 3 to $ 14 per minute with
Iridium, Thuraya and Inmarsat being some of the most expensive networks to call. The receiver of
679:
Russia – in 2012, new regulations governing the use of satellite phones inside Russia or its territories were developed with the stated aim of fighting terrorism by enabling the
Russian government to intercept calls. These regulations allow non-Russian visitors to register their SIM cards for use
658:
India – only
Inmarsat-based satellite services are permitted within territories and areas under Indian jurisdiction. Importation and operation of all other satellite services, including Thuraya and Iridium, is illegal. International shipping is obliged to comply with Indian Directorate-General of
461:
on a country-by-country basis. Bandwidth will be limited to approximately 2 to 4 megabits per second spread across a very large cell coverage area, with thousands of voice calls or millions of text messages simultaneously in an area. The size of a single coverage area has not yet been specified.
265:
Another disadvantage of geostationary satellite systems is that in many areas—even where a large amount of open sky is present—the line-of-sight between the phone and the satellite is broken by obstacles such as steep hills and forest. The user will need to find an area with line-of-sight before
366:
Satellite phones may utilize satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). The advantages include the possibility of providing worldwide wireless coverage with no gaps. LEO satellites orbit the Earth in high-speed, low-altitude orbits with an orbital time of 70–100 minutes, an altitude of 640 to 1,120
766:
Terrestrial cell antennas and networks can be damaged by natural disasters. Satellite telephony can avoid this problem and be useful during natural disasters. Satellite phone networks themselves are prone to congestion as satellites and spot beams cover a large area with relatively few voice
516:
Inmarsat satellite phones are issued with codes +870. In the past, additional country codes were allocated to different satellites, but the codes +871 to +874 were phased out at the end of 2008 leaving
Inmarsat users with the same country code, regardless of which satellite their terminal is
387:
of 52 degrees, therefore polar regions cannot be covered. The network went into full commercial service in
February 2000. A second-generation constellation consists of 24 low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. The launch of the second-generation constellation was completed on February 6,
570:
terminals, often costing several thousand dollars. These phones provide about 0.5 Mbit/s
Internet and voice communications. Satellite phones are sometimes subsidised by the provider if one signs a post-paid contract, but subsidies are usually only a few hundred dollars or less.
833:
for 5G non-terrestrial networks, which will be utilized over
Iridium's existing low-earth orbit satellites. Scheduled for launch in 2026, the service provides messaging, emergency communications and IoT for devices like cars, smartphones, tablets and related consumer applications.
371:
of an individual LEO satellite will typically last 4–15 minutes on average. At least one satellite must have line-of-sight to every coverage area at all times to guarantee coverage; thus a constellation of satellites, typically 40 to 70, is required to maintain worldwide coverage.
616:
Some satellite phone networks provide a one-way paging channel to alert users in poor coverage areas (such as indoors) of the incoming call. When the alert is received on the satellite phone it must be taken to an area with better coverage before the call can be accepted.
357:: A Chinese satellite-phone system is planned to provide satellite phone and short message sending and receiving functions to users in China and its surrounding areas, the Middle East, Africa and other related regions, as well as most of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
730:
Most mobile telephone networks operate close to capacity during normal times, and large spikes in call volumes caused by widespread emergencies often overload the systems when they are needed most. Examples reported in the media where this has occurred include the
787:
frequencies, which are compatible with most modern handsets. However, due to the antenna limitations in the conventional phones, in the early stages of implementation satellite connectivity is limited to satellite messaging and satellite emergency services.
266:
using the phone. This is not the case with LEO services: even if the signal is blocked by an obstacle, one can wait a few minutes until another satellite passes overhead, but a GSO satellite may drop a call when line of sight is lost.
175:
In the early 2020s, various manufacturers began to integrate satellite messaging connectivity and satellite emergency services into conventional mobile phones for use in remote regions, where there is no reliable terrestrial network.
257:
Geostationary satellite phones can only be used at lower latitudes, generally between 70 degrees north of the equator and 70 degrees south of the equator. At higher latitudes the satellite appears at such a low angle in the sky that
453:. T-Mobile has offered to extend the offering globally if cellular carriers in other countries wish to exchange roaming services via the T-Mobile partnership with SpaceX, with other carriers working with their
604:
Calls from satellite phones to landlines are usually around $ 0.80 to $ 1.50 per minute unless special offers are used. Such promotions are usually bound to a particular geographic area where traffic is low.
1873:
379:: A network covering most of the world's landmass using 48 active satellites. However, many areas of the Earth's surface are left without coverage, since a satellite requires to be in range of an
406:
in August 1999. In 2001, service was re-established by
Iridium Satellite LLC. Iridium NEXT, a second-generation constellation of the communications satellites, was completed on January 11, 2019.
295:, but has recently entered the market of hand-held phones in a joint venture with ACeS. The company operates eleven satellites. Coverage is available on most of the Earth, except polar regions.
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access are supported through most systems. The advantage of a satellite phone is that it can be used in such regions where local terrestrial communication infrastructures, such as
491:
Most VSAT terminals can be reprogrammed in-field using AT-commands to bypass automatic acquisition of GPS coordinates and instead accept manually injected GPS coordinates.
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to satellites, unlike earlier satellite phones in the market which used specialized radios to connect to geosynchronous-orbit satellites, which have longer communications
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are used between satellites to relay data to the nearest satellite with a connection to an Earth station. Commercial service started in
November 1998 and fell into
585:
A startup is proposing the use of standard mobile phone technology in satellites to enable low bandwidth text message with satellites from cheap mobile phones.
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external antennas that can be installed in vehicles and buildings. The systems also allow for the use of repeaters, much like terrestrial mobile phone systems.
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and expand to include voice and limited data services later, with testing to begin in 2023. With Starlink Gen2 satellites in low Earth orbit using existing
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added satellite communication with roadside service in the United States. In 2022, T-Mobile formed a partnership to use Starlink services via existing
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began selling satellite phones in 2018 and six other satellite phone companies expressed their interest in entering the Chinese market shortly after.
528:
virtual country code +881. Iridium satellite phones are issued with codes +881 6 and +881 7. Globalstar, although allocated +881 8 and +881 9 use
484:
from the satellite. However, this method can be inaccurate by tens of kilometers. On some Iridium hardware the coordinates can be extracted using
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standard-based cellular space network to allow existing, unmodified smartphones to connect to satellites in areas with coverage gaps. In 2023,
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331:: An American satellite-phone company that uses equipment similar to Inmarsat, but plans to launch a service using hand-held devices in the
132:
The mobile equipment, also known as a terminal, varies widely. Early satellite phone handsets had a size and weight comparable to that of a
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pages with information on some satellite systems, including currently planned, and defunct proposals such as Teledesic (non-commercial)
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In some countries, possession of a satellite phone is illegal. Their signals will usually bypass local telecoms systems, hindering
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763:. Reporters and journalists have also been using satellite phones to communicate and report on events in war zones such as Iraq.
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in North Korea and should assume your communications are monitored" which excludes the possibility of satellite phone technology.
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Mauritius – In 2022, the Information and Communications Authority started regulating the ownership and use of satellite phones.
291:: The oldest satellite phone operator, a British company founded in 1979. It originally provided large fixed installations for
1689:"Accusé de possession illégale d'un téléphone satellite : Bruneau Laurette face à un procès devant la cour intermédiaire"
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The first satellite relayed phone calls were achieved early on in the space age, after the first relay test was conducted by
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The cost of making voice calls from a satellite phone varies from around $ 0.15 to $ 2 per minute, while calling them from
151:
A fixed installation, such as one used aboard a ship, may include large, rugged, rack-mounted electronics, and a steerable
3300:
1992:
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communication tools in emergency and humanitarian situations, when the local communications system have been compromised.
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Calls between different satellite phone networks are often very expensive, with calling rates of up to $ 15 per minute.
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second generation (Gen2) satellites that are to begin launching to orbit in late 2022. The service is aimed to provide
2317:"Iridium Unveils Project Stardust; Developing the Only Truly Global, Standards-Based IoT and Direct-to-Device Service"
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829:(NTN). In 2024, Iridium introduced Project Stardust, a standard-based satellite-to-cellphone service supported via
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was the first mobile communications satellite, eventually operated by the first privatized satellite communication
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the two major proprietary encryption algorithms in use. One algorithm (used in GMR-1 phones) is a variant of the
575:
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While it is possible to obtain used handsets for the Thuraya, Iridium, and Globalstar networks for approximately
442:
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2018:
1598:"Restrictions on the use of Satellite Phone – Carrier Services – Licensing – Department of Telecommunications"
752:
203:
Prime Minister Balewa (2nd from right) talks to President John F. Kennedy on the first live broadcast via the
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351:: An American satellite-phone company which has launched a single geosynchronous satellite, not yet active.
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Since most satellite phones are built under license or the manufacturing of handsets is contracted out to
471:
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1891:"The major space players and diverging strategies in the race to connect your smartphone via satellites"
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orbit, 35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi) above the Earth's surface, and systems that use satellites in
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successfully. Thus satellite phones need additional encrypting if used for high-security applications.
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2292:"Iridium Project Stardust Satellite-to-Cellphone Offering Will Support 5G Messaging - Telecompetitor"
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348:
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attacks. The GMR-2 standard introduced a new encryption algorithm which the same research team also
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Low Earth orbit systems including some of the defunct ones have been allocated number ranges in the
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antenna on the mast that automatically tracks the overhead satellites. Smaller installations using
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started supporting sending emergency text messages via Globalstar satellites. In 2023, the Apple
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announced Snapdragon Satellite, the service that will allow supported cellphones, starting with
608:
Most satellite phone networks have pre-paid plans, with vouchers ranging from $ 100 to $ 5,000.
230:
Satellite phone systems can be classified into two types: systems that use satellites in a high
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Small regional satellite phone networks are allocated numbers in the +882 code designated for "
391:
301:: Established in 1997, United Arab Emirates-based Thuraya's satellites provide coverage across
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1917:"Qualcomm's Snapdragon Satellite Will Connect The World In The Most Remote Areas Imaginable"
578:, operators have a large influence over the selling price. Satellite networks operate under
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the call pays nothing, unless they are being called via a special reverse-charge service.
273:: This former Indonesia-based small regional operator provided voice and data services in
8:
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2267:"Qualcomm announces Snapdragon Satellite for Android, and it's not just for emergencies"
140:. More recent satellite phones are similar in size to a regular mobile phone while some
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China – Inmarsat became the first company permitted to sell satellite phones in 2016.
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Globalstar provides a one-way data uplink service, typically used for asset tracking.
29:
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Benedikt Driessen; Ralf Hund; Carsten Willems; Christof Paar; Thorsten Holz (2012).
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from terrestrial sources in the same frequency bands can interfere with the signal.
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natural disasters on Earth or human actions such as war, so they have proven to be
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In the early 2020s, manufacturers began to integrate satellite connectivity into
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2105:"T-mobile and Starlink satellite connectivity explained: What you need to know"
1058:"Good technology, bad management: A case study of the satellite phone industry"
438:
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106:
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2182:"Elon Musk's Starlink to offer direct-to-cell service in T-Mobile partnership"
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1835:"Don't Trust Satellite Phones: A Security Analysis of Two Satphone Standards"
1323:
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649:
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1620:"INMARSAT – Carrier Services – Licensing – Department of Telecommunications"
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1993:"Qualcomm's Snapdragon Satellite will let Android phones text off the grid"
1968:"T-Mobile to Expand Coverage With the Help of SpaceX's Starlink Satellites"
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2156:"How T-Mobile and SpaceX are teaming up to give you coverage from space"
582:, making it difficult for manufacturers to independently make handsets.
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1812:"From Russia with Love: New Regulations for Satellite Phones in Russia"
1537:
1124:"Forget 5G wireless, SpaceX and T-Mobile want to offer Zero-G coverage"
792:
776:
636:
485:
376:
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phones provide similar functionality to terrestrial mobile telephones;
1494:"Satcom companies willing to partner with China to gain market access"
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3377:
3144:
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2131:"SpaceX to Serve T-Mobile Phones With Second-Gen Starlink Satellites"
1744:"North Korea Loosens Cell Phone Restrictions For Visiting Foreigners"
1392:"How illegal sat phones are a big headache for intelligence agencies"
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satellite phones have no distinguishable difference from an ordinary
141:
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voice traffic to prevent eavesdropping. In 2012, a team of academic
488:, while recent Globalstar handsets will display them on the screen.
196:
became at the beginning of the year the first satellite in history.
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1319:"UbiquitiLink Wants To Turn Every Cellphone Into a Satellite Phone"
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332:
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238:(LEO), 640 to 1,120 kilometers (400 to 700 miles) above the Earth.
219:
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2242:"AST SpaceMobile's prototype satellite makes first 5G connection"
2080:"Apple is adding Roadside Assistance via satellite to the iPhone"
1008:"Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network Testing Using a LEO Satellite"
298:
215:
4236:
2359:(satellite phone services and equipment reviews, non-commercial)
2208:"A new firm says it can link satellites to ordinary smartphones"
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1550:"Subject: Illegal use of Satellite Phones in India – regarding"
983:"Communications Satellites: Making the Global Village Possible"
830:
784:
533:
422:
306:
302:
204:
770:
543:" which is not used exclusively for satellite phone networks.
509:
Satellite phones are usually issued with numbers in a special
4102:
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3347:
2783:
2580:
2046:"iPhone 14s now can send SOS via satellite. Use it carefully"
1452:"Inmarsat given approval for IsatPhone 2 in China - Inmarsat"
624:
425:
announced a partnership to add satellite cellular service to
89:
2893:
1943:"Qualcomm announces Snapdragon Satellite for premium phones"
1752:. March 4, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016
895:"Satellite phone: know the 5 sectors that use them the most"
4339:
4044:
1422:"Countries Where Satellite Phones Are Banned or Restricted"
811:
708:(used in common mobile phones), and both are vulnerable to
701:
567:
437:
spectrum that T-Mobile owns. Cell coverage will begin with
324:
314:
292:
270:
168:
164:
46:
1345:
921:"Everything That You Need to Know About a Satellite Phone"
5050:
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3087:
1869:
Prepare for the Hurricane Season with Satellite Phones –
705:
445:
spectrum, T-Mobile plans to be able to connect ordinary
398:
that claims to have coverage everywhere on Earth. Radio
4448:
4443:
4433:
4416:
4411:
4400:
1576:"Recommendation: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India"
1098:"T-Mobile is winning the race to 100MHz for midband 5G"
1032:"Iridium Communications Network and Satellite Coverage"
823:
822:
8 Gen 2 chipset, to send and receive text messages via
285:
using a single satellite. It ceased operations in 2014.
1871:"Preparing for Hurricane Season with Satellite Phones"
2044:
Kelly, Heather; Velazco, Chris (November 16, 2022).
2019:"The problems with Elon Musk's satellite phone plan"
841:
25:
First generation late 1990s Iridium satellite phone
1056:Jaejoo Lim; Richard Klein; Jason Thatcher (2005).
964:"CTIA 2008: MSV Makes "Lost" Satellite Phone Real"
433:cell phone coverage across the US using existing
5150:
1770:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2078:Tuohy, Jennifer Pattison (September 12, 2023).
1473:"China Telecom offers satellite phone services"
1117:
1115:
680:within Russian territory for up to six months.
644:information that makes it past their borders.
566:Among the most expensive satellite phones are
4252:
3160:
2909:
2825:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
2403:
2379:
1686:
2417:
2043:
1065:Journal of Information Technology Management
779:devices for use in remote areas, out of the
4175:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1941:Nin, Catherine Sbeglia (January 10, 2023).
1842:2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
1112:
1090:
783:range. The satellite-to-phone services use
771:Integration into conventional mobile phones
719:
627:service as well as the call alert feature.
241:
4259:
4245:
4211:
3167:
3153:
2916:
2902:
2410:
2396:
806:spectrum, expected in late 2024. In 2022,
472:Satellite navigation § LEO satellites
417:A third system was announced in 2022 when
2851:List of communication satellite companies
1514:
946:"New Satellite Phone Runs Windows Mobile"
394:: A network operating 66 satellites in a
1222:
1086:from the original on September 23, 2010.
550:
532:except for service resellers located in
494:
246:Some satellite phones use satellites in
222:organization, which was formed in 1979.
198:
36:
28:
20:
2846:List of communications satellite firsts
2369:History of the Handheld Satellite Phone
2239:
1687:Gulbul-Nathoo, Reshma (April 3, 2024).
1364:Hossain, Moazzem (September 24, 2002).
1363:
136:, but usually with a large retractable
5151:
3174:
2728:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
1914:
1888:
1822:from the original on November 2, 2013.
1724:from the original on February 18, 2009
1672:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1654:from the original on February 13, 2015
1432:from the original on November 14, 2017
1402:from the original on November 14, 2017
1316:
1262:from the original on February 19, 2011
1181:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1121:
981:Whalen, David J. (November 30, 2010).
980:
192:in 1958 at the end of the year, after
134:late-1980s or early-1990s mobile phone
4240:
3148:
2897:
2391:
2378:
2240:Rainbow, Jason (September 20, 2023).
2077:
1716:Dobie, Michael (September 28, 2007).
1715:
1366:"Bangladesh jails Indian rebel chief"
630:
522:International Telecommunication Union
505:International Networks (country code)
76:that connects to other phones or the
4221:
2876:
2363:Satellite mobile system architecture
1889:Sheetz, Michael (October 23, 2022).
689:All modern satellite phone networks
684:
672:advises visitors that they have "no
225:
1940:
1792:from the original on April 24, 2018
1256:"Satellite Phone Rentals and Sales"
1230:"Dialling codes – customer support"
1049:
1020:from the original on March 4, 2016.
974:
611:
33:Globalstar GSP-1600 satellite phone
13:
5089:USA use restrictions while driving
5064:Legality of recording by civilians
1527:from the original on May 13, 2014.
1163:from the original on March 4, 2016
1100:. Light Reading. November 15, 2021
361:
14:
5185:
4266:
2509:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
2337:
1851:from the original on May 18, 2013
1372:from the original on May 18, 2009
457:to enable midband communications
5126:
5125:
5114:
5102:
4220:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4189:
3810:Free-space optical communication
3129:
3119:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2321:Iridium Satellite Communications
1122:Berger, Eric (August 25, 2022).
1071:(2). Association of Management.
844:
476:LEO systems have the ability to
2309:
2284:
2259:
2233:
2200:
2174:
2148:
2123:
2097:
2071:
2037:
2011:
1985:
1960:
1934:
1915:Sweezy, Tim (January 5, 2023).
1908:
1882:
1863:
1826:
1816:Outfitter Satellite Phones Blog
1804:
1778:
1736:
1709:
1680:
1634:
1612:
1590:
1568:
1542:
1531:
1508:
1486:
1465:
1444:
1414:
1384:
1357:
1338:
1310:
1296:
1274:
1248:
1190:
1143:
588:
1317:Harris, Mark (July 18, 2019).
1024:
1000:
956:
938:
913:
887:
753:2007 Minnesota bridge collapse
526:Global Mobile Satellite System
501:Global Mobile Satellite System
478:track a mobile unit's location
465:
383:gateway. Satellites fly in an
1:
2923:
1786:"Travel Warning: North Korea"
1517:"SHIPMENTS SHALL NOT CONTAIN"
1258:. Allroadcommunications.com.
881:
860:Broadband Global Area Network
670:Bureau of Diplomatic Security
341:: Satellite-phone system for
121:networks, are not available.
5109:Telecommunication portal
4196:Telecommunication portal
3977:Telecommunications equipment
3126:Telecommunication portal
2830:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
2554:Very-small-aperture terminal
1718:"Junta tightens media screw"
1198:"Globalstar GSP-1700 manual"
536:, which use the +881 range.
260:radio frequency interference
7:
3713:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2606:Digital audio radio service
2514:Motor-driven Satellite dish
1876:September 24, 2012, at the
837:
623:Iridium operates a one-way
555:Satellite phones on display
410:Both systems, based in the
188:and the first broadcast by
10:
5190:
5031:Phantom vibration syndrome
5026:Mental health from overuse
3417:Telecommunications history
1351:September 9, 2012, at the
1346:"Thuraya Satellite Phones"
1232:. Inmarsat. Archived from
741:2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake
723:
498:
469:
179:
53:, in April 2005 after the
5174:Mobile telecommunications
5097:
5049:
4996:
4926:
4835:
4778:
4745:
4732:
4710:Open-source mobile phones
4671:
4623:
4573:
4562:
4461:
4380:
4288:
4274:
4184:
4126:
4063:
4025:Public Switched Telephone
3985:
3949:
3906:
3847:
3837:telecommunication circuit
3798:Fiber-optic communication
3781:
3543:Francis Blake (telephone)
3490:
3338:Optical telecommunication
3182:
3116:
3080:
3049:
3001:Communications satellites
2988:
2967:
2931:
2859:
2838:
2817:
2766:
2661:Relay satellite companies
2660:
2614:
2562:
2481:
2458:High-throughput satellite
2443:Satellite Internet access
2425:
2385:
2380:Links to related articles
966:. Gearlog. Archived from
948:. Gearlog. Archived from
349:ICO Global Communications
211:in Lagos, Nigeria (1963).
3936:Orbital angular-momentum
3373:Satellite communications
3212:Communications satellite
2419:Satellite communications
1282:"BlueCosmo BGAN Pricing"
866:Mobile-satellite service
827:non-terrestrial networks
745:2003 Northeast blackouts
720:Use in disaster response
242:Geostationary satellites
55:Nias–Simeulue earthquake
5164:Emergency communication
5074:Photography and the law
5069:Mobile phones in prison
3815:Molecular communication
3638:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3467:Undersea telegraph line
3202:Cable protection system
2996:Cable protection system
2767:Satellite manufacturers
546:
92:instead of terrestrial
3957:Communication protocol
3743:Charles Sumner Tainter
3558:Walter Houser Brattain
3503:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3311:Information revolution
2349:July 10, 2007, at the
2296:www.telecompetitor.com
925:Satellite Phone Review
556:
541:international networks
530:U.S. telephone numbers
212:
57:
34:
26:
5121:Telephones portal
5084:Texting while driving
5021:External power supply
4720:Windows Phone devices
3931:Polarization-division
3663:Narinder Singh Kapany
3628:Erna Schneider Hoover
3548:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3528:Alexander Graham Bell
3259:online video platform
3136:Telephones portal
1630:on February 13, 2015.
1586:on February 13, 2015.
761:2010 Haiti earthquake
757:2010 Chile earthquake
733:1999 Ä°zmit earthquake
668:North Korea – The US
580:proprietary protocols
554:
495:Virtual country codes
470:Further information:
404:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
335:similar to Thuraya's.
202:
40:
32:
24:
5036:Radiation and health
4352:Standards comparison
3773:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3733:Almon Brown Strowger
3703:Charles Grafton Page
3358:Prepaid mobile phone
3286:Electrical telegraph
3098:Telephone newspapers
2433:Satellite television
2344:University of Surrey
2111:. September 13, 2022
1608:on January 18, 2015.
1428:. November 8, 2017.
737:September 11 attacks
695:security researchers
511:country calling code
207:satellite from USNS
109:, and low-bandwidth
16:Type of mobile phone
5159:Satellite telephony
3723:Johann Philipp Reis
3482:Wireless revolution
3444:The Telephone Cases
3301:Hydraulic telegraph
3021:Mobile phone signal
2818:Trade organizations
2809:Thales Alenia Space
2622:Astra Digital Radio
2615:Broadcast companies
2544:Satellite data unit
2371:(2018) at GlobalCom
2357:Satellite Phone FAQ
2186:KIRO 7 News Seattle
1556:on February 8, 2014
970:on January 3, 2010.
952:on January 1, 2010.
810:started building a
248:geostationary orbit
161:satellite broadband
62:satellite telephone
3921:Frequency-division
3898:Telephone exchange
3768:Charles Wheatstone
3698:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3673:Innocenzo Manzetti
3608:Reginald Fessenden
3343:Optical telegraphy
3176:Telecommunications
3011:Free-space optical
2637:Sirius XM Holdings
2528:Parabolic antennas
1304:"TS2 BGAN Pricing"
876:Telecommunications
871:Satellite internet
704:algorithm used in
698:reverse-engineered
631:Legal restrictions
557:
482:Doppler navigation
213:
58:
35:
27:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5079:Telephone tapping
4922:
4921:
4870:Instant messaging
4728:
4727:
4457:
4456:
4234:
4233:
3972:Store and forward
3967:Data transmission
3881:Network switching
3832:Transmission line
3678:Guglielmo Marconi
3643:Internet pioneers
3508:Mohamed M. Atalla
3477:Whistled language
3142:
3141:
2975:Answering machine
2891:
2890:
2448:Amateur satellite
2188:. January 3, 2024
2162:. August 30, 2022
2109:Android Authority
2025:. August 26, 2022
1999:. January 5, 2023
1947:RCR Wireless News
1236:on March 22, 2011
901:. August 28, 2018
852:Telephones portal
749:Hurricane Katrina
726:Cascading failure
685:Security concerns
517:registered with.
226:Satellite network
78:telephone network
41:Satellite phone (
5181:
5129:
5128:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5016:Electronic waste
5006:BlackBerry thumb
4956:Japanese culture
4743:
4742:
4703:iOS jailbreaking
4571:
4570:
4493:Operating system
4308:Network operator
4293:Channel capacity
4286:
4285:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4224:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4065:Notable networks
4055:Wireless network
3995:Cellular network
3987:Types of network
3962:Computer network
3849:Network topology
3763:Thomas A. Watson
3618:Oliver Heaviside
3603:Philo Farnsworth
3578:Daniel Davis Jr.
3553:Charles Bourseul
3513:John Logie Baird
3222:Data compression
3217:Computer network
3169:
3162:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3088:Fax transmission
3036:Submarine cables
2918:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2879:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2794:Northrop Grumman
2473:Carriage dispute
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1886:
1880:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:. Archived from
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:. Archived from
1594:
1588:
1587:
1582:. Archived from
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1426:Blog - Telestial
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1361:
1355:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:on July 11, 2011
1209:
1203:. Archived from
1202:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1062:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
978:
972:
971:
960:
954:
953:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
891:
854:
849:
848:
847:
781:cellular network
710:cipher-text only
674:right to privacy
612:One-way services
562:
163:service such as
5189:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5115:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5045:
4998:
4992:
4918:
4831:
4774:
4770:Cloud computing
4736:
4734:
4724:
4715:Symbian devices
4681:Android devices
4667:
4619:
4610:Satellite phone
4605:Projector phone
4565:
4558:
4463:
4453:
4376:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4235:
4230:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4122:
4059:
3981:
3945:
3902:
3851:
3843:
3784:
3777:
3683:Robert Metcalfe
3538:Tim Berners-Lee
3486:
3306:Information Age
3178:
3173:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3093:Telephone calls
3076:
3045:
2984:
2963:
2954:Satellite phone
2944:Cable telephony
2927:
2922:
2892:
2887:
2855:
2834:
2813:
2789:Lockheed Martin
2762:
2668:AST SpaceMobile
2656:
2610:
2564:Satellite radio
2558:
2539:Satellite modem
2534:Satellite phone
2519:Multi-satellite
2477:
2463:Relay satellite
2438:Satellite radio
2421:
2416:
2381:
2351:Wayback Machine
2340:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2160:Washington Post
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2050:Washington Post
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1883:
1878:Wayback Machine
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1685:
1681:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1642:"Archived copy"
1640:
1639:
1635:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1515:Administrator.
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1496:. June 29, 2018
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
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1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1362:
1358:
1353:Wayback Machine
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1284:. Bluecosmo.com
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:"Archived copy"
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1120:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
979:
975:
962:
961:
957:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
884:
850:
845:
843:
840:
808:AST SpaceMobile
773:
728:
722:
687:
633:
614:
591:
560:
549:
507:
497:
474:
468:
364:
362:Low Earth orbit
244:
236:low Earth orbit
228:
182:
159:over a two-way
66:satellite phone
17:
12:
11:
5:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5123:
5111:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:Driving safety
5008:
5002:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4740:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4574:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4522:Text messaging
4519:
4518:
4517:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3916:Space-division
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Camille Tissot
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Claude Shannon
3725:
3720:
3718:Tivadar Puskás
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3688:Antonio Meucci
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Charles K. Kao
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3633:Harold Hopkins
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3533:Emile Berliner
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Videotelephony
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3368:Radiotelephone
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3254:Internet video
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Misdialed call
3059:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2873:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2524:Satellite dish
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2453:Ground station
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2334:
2333:
2308:
2283:
2258:
2232:
2199:
2173:
2147:
2122:
2096:
2070:
2036:
2010:
1984:
1959:
1933:
1907:
1881:
1862:
1825:
1803:
1777:
1735:
1708:
1679:
1633:
1611:
1589:
1567:
1541:
1530:
1507:
1485:
1464:
1443:
1413:
1383:
1356:
1337:
1309:
1295:
1273:
1247:
1221:
1189:
1142:
1111:
1089:
1048:
1023:
999:
973:
955:
937:
912:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
856:
855:
839:
836:
772:
769:
721:
718:
686:
683:
682:
681:
677:
666:
663:
660:
656:
653:
632:
629:
613:
610:
590:
587:
548:
545:
496:
493:
467:
464:
459:landing rights
408:
407:
389:
385:inclined orbit
363:
360:
359:
358:
352:
346:
336:
322:
296:
286:
283:Southeast Asia
243:
240:
227:
224:
181:
178:
107:text messaging
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5186:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:Mobile phones
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5133:
5124:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:BlackBerry 10
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Feature phone
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4579:Manufacturers
4576:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4515:airplane mode
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4503:phone cloning
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4268:Mobile phones
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4227:
4219:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4197:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3941:Code-division
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Time-division
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:and switching
3850:
3846:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:optical fiber
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Coaxial cable
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Radia Perlman
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Lee de Forest
3596:
3594:
3593:Thomas Edison
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Donald Davies
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Claude Chappe
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Smoke signals
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:Semiconductor
3388:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:Digital media
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Nuisance call
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Fibre-optical
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
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2497:
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2494:Monoblock LNB
2492:
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2428:
2426:Main articles
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2217:
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2212:The Economist
2209:
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2177:
2166:September 13,
2161:
2157:
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2136:
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2126:
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2089:September 13,
2085:
2081:
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2063:September 13,
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2014:
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1324:IEEE Spectrum
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650:China Telecom
647:
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447:mobile phones
444:
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412:United States
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378:
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340:
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104:
103:voice calling
99:
95:
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83:
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72:is a type of
71:
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4936:Box breaking
4907:address book
4760:Distribution
4625:Form factors
4609:
4590:Camera phone
4577:
4554:Web browsing
4405:
4389:
3908:Multiplexing
3783:Transmission
3748:Nikola Tesla
3738:Henry Sutton
3693:Samuel Morse
3623:Robert Hooke
3588:Amos Dolbear
3523:John Bardeen
3442:
3422:Telautograph
3326:Mobile phone
3281:Edholm's law
3264:social media
3197:Broadcasting
3103:Théâtrophone
3081:Applications
2989:Connectivity
2953:
2949:Mobile phone
2881:
2869:
2708:Intersputnik
2632:Dish Network
2533:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
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2295:
2286:
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2271:GSMArena.com
2270:
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1841:
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1796:November 14,
1794:. Retrieved
1780:
1756:November 13,
1754:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1720:. BBC News.
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1656:. Retrieved
1636:
1628:the original
1623:
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1606:the original
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1579:
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1554:the original
1544:
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1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:November 13,
1434:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1406:November 13,
1404:. Retrieved
1395:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1368:. BBC News.
1359:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1322:
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1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1224:
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1205:the original
1192:
1167:February 24,
1165:. Retrieved
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:Ars Technica
1127:
1102:. Retrieved
1092:
1068:
1064:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1036:Roadpost USA
1035:
1026:
1002:
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976:
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958:
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940:
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924:
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898:
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589:Calling cost
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18:
4997:Environment
4971:silent mode
4815:contactless
4798:advertising
4755:Development
4673:Smartphones
4382:Generations
4298:Frequencies
4108:NPL network
3820:Radio waves
3758:Alfred Vail
3668:Hedy Lamarr
3653:Dawon Kahng
3613:Elisha Gray
3573:Yogen Dalal
3498:Nasir Ahmed
3432:Teleprinter
3296:Heliographs
3108:Video calls
3057:Missed call
2968:Accessories
2718:SED Systems
2652:1worldspace
2468:Transponder
2365:(technical)
2326:January 22,
2301:January 22,
2276:January 10,
2251:January 22,
2225:January 10,
2192:January 22,
2140:January 10,
2115:January 10,
2029:January 15,
2003:January 15,
1977:January 15,
1952:January 15,
1926:January 15,
1921:HotHardware
1900:January 15,
1697:(in French)
1658:January 30,
1580:trai.gov.in
1560:January 28,
930:January 12,
905:January 13,
641:wiretapping
486:AT commands
466:Geotracking
435:midband PCS
419:T-Mobile US
400:cross-links
396:polar orbit
311:Middle East
5153:Categories
5059:Carrier IQ
4999:and health
4914:Television
4765:Management
4658:Smartwatch
4615:Smartphone
4303:Multi-band
4154:Antarctica
4113:Toasternet
4035:Television
3518:Paul Baran
3450:Television
3434:(teletype)
3427:Telegraphy
3405:transistor
3383:Phryctoria
3353:Photophone
3331:Smartphone
3321:Mass media
2959:Photophone
2683:Globalstar
1728:January 4,
1624:dot.gov.in
1602:dot.gov.in
1538:Alan Gross
1500:August 20,
1478:August 30,
1457:August 30,
1376:January 4,
1344:Thuraya –
1135:August 26,
1104:August 25,
882:References
820:Snapdragon
777:smartphone
767:channels.
759:, and the
724:See also:
637:censorship
499:See also:
455:regulators
377:Globalstar
279:South Asia
146:smartphone
127:dependable
98:cellphones
94:cell sites
86:satellites
5041:Recycling
4988:Wallpaper
4966:Ringtones
4827:Ticketing
4803:campaigns
4793:Marketing
4595:Car phone
4510:Telephony
4464:operation
4357:Tethering
4282:protocols
4138:Americas
4127:Locations
4098:Internet2
3859:Bandwidth
3563:Vint Cerf
3460:streaming
3438:Telephone
3378:Semaphore
3269:streaming
3072:Phone tag
2980:Caller ID
2925:Telephony
2489:SAT>IP
2246:SpaceNews
2220:0013-0613
2084:The Verge
2058:0190-8286
1855:April 28,
1694:L'Express
1214:August 1,
1077:1042-1319
800:iPhone 15
796:iPhone 14
595:landlines
451:latencies
439:messaging
431:dead-zone
339:Terrestar
319:Australia
275:East Asia
209:Kingsport
194:Sputnik I
186:Pioneer 1
153:microwave
142:prototype
51:Indonesia
5132:Category
4875:Learning
4855:Gambling
4845:Blogging
4820:donating
4810:Payments
4780:Commerce
4738:software
4735:specific
4585:3D phone
4549:Tracking
4498:Security
4481:services
4471:Features
4422:adoption
4390:Analogue
4372:XHTML-MP
4345:SIM lock
4335:dual SIM
4330:SIM card
4278:networks
4206:Category
4093:Internet
4083:CYCLADES
4000:Ethernet
3950:Concepts
3874:terminal
3825:wireless
3648:Bob Kahn
3491:Pioneers
3316:Internet
3207:Cable TV
2939:Landline
2870:Category
2738:Starlink
2733:Star One
2703:Intelsat
2698:Inmarsat
2688:Hispasat
2678:Eutelsat
2673:EchoStar
2549:Spacebus
2482:Hardware
2347:Archived
1997:Engadget
1874:Archived
1846:Archived
1820:Archived
1790:Archived
1766:cite web
1749:HuffPost
1722:Archived
1701:April 3,
1668:cite web
1649:Archived
1525:Archived
1430:Archived
1400:Archived
1370:Archived
1349:Archived
1330:July 18,
1288:April 7,
1266:April 7,
1260:Archived
1240:April 7,
1177:cite web
1158:Archived
1081:Archived
1015:Archived
1013:. NASA.
899:axessnet
838:See also
816:Qualcomm
427:Starlink
355:Tiantong
333:Americas
329:SkyTerra
289:Inmarsat
220:INMARSAT
119:cellular
115:landline
111:Internet
70:satphone
43:Inmarsat
4983:Txt-spk
4928:Culture
4837:Content
4788:Banking
4686:rooting
4643:Phablet
4566:devices
4488:History
4462:General
4406:Digital
4320:Roaming
4226:Commons
4216:Outline
4169:Oceania
4088:FidoNet
4073:ARPANET
3886:circuit
3455:digital
3184:History
2882:Commons
2753:Turksat
2743:Telesat
2713:Iridium
2647:Allente
2627:DirecTV
2601:ISDB-S3
2596:DVB-S2X
2586:DVB-RCS
1041:June 1,
691:encrypt
665:Myanmar
561:US$ 200
392:Iridium
299:Thuraya
216:MARISAT
180:History
138:antenna
5130:
4978:Selfie
4961:Novels
4951:Dating
4946:Comics
4941:Charms
4902:Social
4890:Search
4865:Health
4860:Gaming
4733:Mobile
4698:iPhone
4648:Slider
4564:Mobile
4325:Signal
4276:Mobile
4164:Europe
4134:Africa
4118:Usenet
4078:BITNET
4015:Mobile
3891:packet
3400:MOSFET
3395:device
3192:Beacon
2799:SpaceX
2779:Boeing
2774:Airbus
2758:Viasat
2748:Tooway
2693:Hughes
2642:Sky UK
2591:DVB-S2
2576:DVB-SH
2499:DiSEqC
2218:
2056:
2023:Quartz
1396:Rediff
1075:
862:(BGAN)
831:NB-IoT
785:L band
755:, the
751:, the
743:, the
739:, the
735:, the
534:Brazil
480:using
423:SpaceX
309:, the
307:Africa
303:Europe
281:, and
205:SYNCOM
4895:local
4880:Music
4850:Email
4653:Slate
4147:South
4142:North
4103:JANET
4040:Telex
4030:Radio
3869:Nodes
3864:Links
3785:media
3363:Radio
3348:Pager
3276:Drums
3242:video
3237:image
3227:audio
3050:Calls
2932:Types
2839:Lists
2784:INVAP
2581:S-DMB
2504:USALS
2135:PCMAG
1972:PCMAG
1849:(PDF)
1838:(PDF)
1652:(PDF)
1645:(PDF)
1521:co.cu
1208:(PDF)
1201:(PDF)
1161:(PDF)
1154:(PDF)
1084:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
1018:(PDF)
1011:(PDF)
793:Apple
625:pager
388:2013.
293:ships
190:SCORE
96:, as
90:Earth
82:radio
4885:News
4747:Apps
4663:Fold
4638:Flip
4544:Spam
4439:4.5G
4429:3.5G
4362:VoIP
4340:eSIM
4313:list
4159:Asia
4045:UUCP
4005:ISDN
3041:VoIP
3031:PSTN
3026:POTS
3016:ISDN
2328:2024
2303:2024
2278:2023
2253:2024
2227:2023
2216:ISSN
2194:2024
2168:2023
2142:2023
2117:2023
2091:2023
2065:2023
2054:ISSN
2031:2023
2005:2023
1979:2023
1954:2023
1928:2023
1902:2023
1895:CNBC
1857:2013
1798:2017
1772:link
1758:2017
1730:2010
1703:2024
1674:link
1660:2015
1562:2015
1502:2018
1480:2018
1459:2018
1438:2017
1408:2017
1378:2010
1332:2019
1290:2011
1268:2011
1242:2011
1216:2009
1183:link
1169:2016
1137:2022
1106:2022
1073:ISSN
1043:2022
994:2024
987:NASA
932:2023
907:2023
812:3GPP
702:A5/2
655:Cuba
639:and
576:OEMs
568:BGAN
547:Cost
503:and
421:and
369:pass
325:MSAT
317:and
315:Asia
271:ACeS
252:kbps
169:VSAT
165:BGAN
157:VoIP
117:and
47:Nias
5051:Law
4633:Bar
4537:RCS
4532:MMS
4527:SMS
4476:GSM
4367:WAP
4050:WAN
4020:NGN
4010:LAN
3291:Fax
3232:DCT
2804:SSL
2723:SES
1069:XVI
804:LTE
706:GSM
524:'s
443:PCS
254:).
167:or
80:by
68:or
5155::
4449:6G
4444:5G
4434:4G
4417:3G
4412:2G
4401:1G
4396:0G
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