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270:, where the former has only one session at a time, while a multiple track meeting has several parallel sessions with speakers in separate rooms speaking at the same time. However, there are no commonly shared definitions even within disciplines for each event type. There might be no conceivable difference between a symposium, a congress or a conference.
213:
Because virtual or hybrid events allow people from different time zones to participate simultaneously, some will have to participate during their night-time. Some virtual conferences try to mitigate this issue by alternating their schedule in a way so that everyone has the chance to participate at
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is comprised in large parts by emissions caused by air travel. Few conferences enacted practices to reduce their environmental impact by 2017, despite guidelines being widely available: An analysis of academic conferences taking place in 2016 showed that only 4% of 116 conferences sampled offered
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In-person conferences suffer from a number of issues. Most importantly, they are fostering the existing social inequality in academia due to their inaccessibility for researchers from low income countries, researchers with care duties or researchers facing visa restrictions.
353:
The meeting is announced by way of a Call For Papers (CFP) or a Call For
Abstracts, which is sent to prospective presenters and explains how to submit their abstracts or papers. It describes the broad theme and lists the meeting's topics and formalities such as what kind of
389:
business model, which involves the creation of academic publications built around an exploitative business model that generally involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals.
238:
are usually asked to submit a short abstract of their presentation, which will be reviewed before the presentation is accepted for the meeting. Some organizers, and therefore disciplines require presenters to submit a paper, which is
97:
archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic
384:
but which are exploitative as they do not provide proper editorial control over presentations, and advertising can include claims of involvement of prominent academics who are, in fact, uninvolved. They are an expansion of the
102:", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more
155:(often, scholars of some standing, but sometimes individuals from outside academia). The keynote lecture is often longer, lasting sometimes up to an hour and a half, particularly if there are several keynote speakers on a
338:
Advanced technology for meeting with any yet unknown person in a conference is performed by active RFID that may indicate wilfully identified and relatively located upon approach via electronic tags.
1103:
Sarabipour, Sarvenaz; Khan, Aziz; Seah, Yu Fen
Samantha; Mwakilili, Aneth D.; Mumoki, Fiona N.; Sáez, Pablo J.; Schwessinger, Benjamin; Debat, Humberto J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav (March 2021).
346:
Conferences are usually organized either by a scientific society or by a group of researchers with a common interest. Larger meetings may be handled on behalf of the scientific society by a
692:
307:
the general conference, a conference with a wider focus, with sessions on a wide variety of topics. These conferences are often organized by regional, national, or international
335:
are being provided which exploit the potential of WiFi networks and mobile devices in order to enable remote participants to contribute to discussions and listen to ideas.
896:"Challenging the values of the polluter elite: A global consequentialist response to Evensen and Graham's (2022) 'The irreplaceable virtues of in-person conferences'"
565:"What are the social and scientific benefits of participating at academic conferences? Insights from a survey among doctoral students and postdocs in Germany"
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points out the "paradox of needing to fly to conferences" despite increased calls for sustainability by environmental scientists. The academic community's
244:
406:
Academic conferences are criticized for being environmentally unfriendly, due to the amount of airplane traffic generated by them. A correspondence on
250:
In some disciplines, such as
English and other languages, it is common for presenters to read from a prepared script. In other disciplines such as the
156:
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options and only 9% of these conferences implemented any form of action to their reduce environmental impact. More conferences included the use of
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See e.g. Hohl, M., & Sweeting, B. (Eds.). (2015). Composing conferences. Special issue of
Constructivist Foundations, 11(1). Retrieved from
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700:
362:. A CFP is usually distributed using a mailing list or on specialized online services. Contributions are usually submitted using an online
114:
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At some conferences, social or entertainment activities such as tours and receptions can be part of the program. Business meetings for
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many conferences have either temporarily or permanently switched to a virtual or hybrid format. Some virtual conferences involve both
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17:
207:
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Holden, Matthew H.; Butt, Nathalie; Chauvenet, Alienor; Plein, Michaela; Stringer, Martin; Chadès, Iadine (2017-08-07).
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Achten, Wouter M. J.; Almeida, Joana; Muys, Bart (1 November 2013). "Carbon footprint of science: More than flying".
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254:, presenters usually base their talk around a visual presentation that displays key figures and research results.
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the professional conference, large conferences not limited to academics but with academically related issues.
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A large meeting will usually be called a conference, while a smaller is termed a workshop. They might be
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may set up displays. Large conferences also may have a career and job search and interview activities.
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and workshops. Some conferences take more interactive formats, such as the participant driven "
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designed for all attendees (shown here) or breakout sections designed for smaller groups.
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126:. They tend to be short and concise, with a time span of about 10 to 30 minutes;
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formats. For example, there is a mix of pre-recorded and live presentations.
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the themed conference, small conferences organized around a particular topic;
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Academic conferences have been held in three general formats: in-person,
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Panel discussions are intended to bring multiple perspectives on a topic
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Conferences and
Conventions: a global industry by Tony Rogers
85:) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with
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Conference for researchers to present and discuss their work
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1004:"Academic conferences urgently need environmental policies"
746:"Cross-cultural & Multilingual Research Affinity Group"
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Academic conferences typically fall into three categories:
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944:"Paradox of flying to meetings to protect the environment"
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In addition to presentations, conferences also feature
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The larger the conference, the more likely it is that
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846:"Fraud. Fraud at conferences needs to be addressed"
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http://www.univie.ac.at/constructivism/journal/11/1
358:or paper has to be submitted, to whom, and by what
311:, and held annually or on some other regular basis.
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398:are some of the conferences labeled as predatory.
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750:American Association for Public Opinion Research
657:American Association for Public Opinion Research
292:can also be part of the conference activities.
118:Presentations form the core of most conferences
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820:Cybercrime: The Psychology of Online Offenders
1105:"Changing scientific meetings for the better"
136:. The work may be bundled in written form as
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659:. Chaired by Mandy Sha. June 11, 2020
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186:" or various conversational formats.
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650:"75th Anniversary Conference"
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604:Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14).
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396:SCIgen § In conferences
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382:scientific conferences
331:Increasing numbers of
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36:Opioid agonist therapy
1070:Ecological Indicators
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