3904:
6223:
6213:
5601:
4617:
45:
6253:
6243:
6263:
6233:
5611:
120:, which are those objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc,; but do not include, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a
136:
discusses certain old documents to the point of disclosing a new historical conclusion, then that historical text may now be considered a primary source for the new conclusion, but it is still a secondary source as regarding the old documents. Other examples for which a source can be assigned both primary and secondary roles would include an
301:, as historians attempted to identify and classify the sources of historical writing. In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources. In original scholarly writing, historians rely on primary sources, read in the context of the scholarly interpretations.
3373:
143:
Further, whether a source is regarded as primary or secondary in a given context may change over time, depending upon the past and present states of knowledge within the field of study. For example, if a certain document refers to the contents of a previous but undiscovered letter, that document may
135:
symbolic sources is both subjective and contextual, such that precise definitions can sometimes be difficult to make. And indeed many sources can be classified as either primary or secondary based upon the context in which they are being considered. For example, if in careful study a historical text
236:
style) in a scientific journal by the authors who conducted the study. In some fields, a secondary source may include a summary of the literature in the introduction of a scientific paper, a description of what is known about a disease or treatment in a chapter in a reference book, or a synthesis
360:
at a time after the event when the fallibility of memory is an important factor." Consequently, according to this definition, a first-hand account written long after the event "when the fallibility of memory is an important factor" is a secondary source, even though it may be the first published
924:
The purpose of a secondary source is to make the primary sources accessible to you. If you can read and understand the primary sources without reading this book, more power to you. If you read this book without reading the primary sources you are like a man who carries a sack lunch to a
156:
is the United
Nations International Scientific Information System; it is a model of a social system for communications between knowledge producers, knowledge users, and their intermediaries. The system also comprises institutions such as libraries, research institutes, and publishers.)
2667:
4753:
750:. Indeed, in most instances, the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure.
237:
written to review available literature. A survey of previous work in the field in a primary peer-reviewed source is secondary source information. This allows secondary sourcing of recent findings in areas where full review articles have not yet been published.
231:
Primary source materials are typically defined as "original research papers written by the scientists who actually conducted the study." An example of primary source material is the
Purpose, Methods, Results, Conclusions sections of a research paper (in
151:
of information dissemination. Within such a model, source classification concepts are defined in relation to each other, and acceptance of a particular way of defining the concepts for classification are connected to efficiently using the model. (Note:
4108:
2713:
356:"A secondary source is a record or statement of an event or circumstance made by a non-eyewitness or by someone not closely connected with the event or circumstances, recorded or stated verbally either at or sometime after the event, or by an
2701:
3098:
244:
that contains the judgment of the reviewer about the book is a primary source for the reviewer's opinion, and a secondary source for the contents of the book. A summary of the book within a review is a secondary source.
108:, such as an encyclopedia or dictionary, resembles a secondary source in that it contains analysis, but a tertiary source has a different purpose; it aims to elaborate a broad introductory overview of the topic at hand.
3340:
4103:
2689:
80:
A secondary source is one that gives information about a primary source. In a secondary source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in a suitable format. Secondary sources involve
4822:
775:
UNISIST Study Report on the feasibility of a World
Science Information System, by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the International Council of Scientific Unions
147:
Attempts to map or model scientific and scholarly communications need the concepts of primary, secondary and further "levels" of classification. One such model is provided by the United
Nations as the
6006:
477:
he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for.
4259:
3899:
3368:
4299:
2486:
3475:
5317:
4692:
4704:
144:
be considered "primary", because it is the closest known thing to an original source—but if the missing letter is later found, that certain document may then be considered "secondary".
2684:
4748:
527:
4417:
3470:
3103:
2662:
53:
3385:
320:
In the legal field, source classification is important because the persuasiveness of a source usually depends upon its history. Primary sources may include cases, constitutions,
4902:
4878:
4846:
4736:
4890:
4785:
3489:
3086:
4949:
2454:
4218:
2795:
373:
can be a secondary source in history or the humanities when used for information about topics other than its subject. For example, many first-hand accounts of events in
5131:
2650:
5177:
4944:
4362:
1984:
746:
he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process
3110:
3000:
2708:
2500:
5648:
5159:
3882:
204:("primary source")—say a report of minutes that is not known to still exist—such that the report of minutes is unavailable to the researcher as the sought-after
4954:
3067:
2918:
2901:
5884:
5451:
4017:
77:
of the information being discussed. A primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation or it may be a document created by such a person.
4244:
116:
Information can be interpreted from a wide variety of found objects, but source classification for primary or secondary status, etc., is applicable only to
3162:
2375:
4929:
4456:
4067:
3943:
2145:
377:
written in the post-war years were influenced by the then prevailing perception of the war, which was significantly different from contemporary opinion.
3508:
3453:
3525:
5445:
3733:
3513:
5457:
4934:
4827:
4790:
4591:
3380:
48:
124:—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.
4770:
4505:
1726:
5089:
4984:
4568:
4480:
2788:
5813:
5307:
5079:
4939:
4726:
4223:
2978:
4144:
2749:
658:
6246:
5641:
5066:
4672:
4341:
4043:
3494:
2968:
5251:
4919:
4873:
4512:
3809:
3061:
2512:
312:
of primary sources. Most undergraduate research projects rely on secondary source material, with perhaps snippets of primary sources.
4868:
4863:
4558:
3228:
4760:
2491:
5581:
4168:
3867:
2370:
1240:
104:
are relative terms, and some sources may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how they are used. A third level, the
4422:
873:
539:
6011:
5322:
4797:
4304:
4139:
3953:
3877:
3465:
2566:
324:, administrative regulations, and other sources of binding legal authority, while secondary legal sources may include books, the
220:
In general, secondary sources in a scientific context may be referred to as "secondary literature", and can be self-described as
4319:
3335:
6142:
5634:
5221:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4851:
4765:
4741:
4709:
4697:
4398:
4380:
4331:
3985:
3273:
2576:
1559:
273:
has been to make difficult mathematical ideas and proofs from primary sources more accessible to the public; in other sciences
5417:
5256:
4667:
3726:
2655:
957:
822:
6287:
6157:
5402:
5246:
5014:
4553:
4522:
3992:
3923:
3639:
3575:
3553:
3234:
2477:
1757:
446:
2505:
6184:
4532:
4310:
4188:
4178:
3968:
3814:
3649:
2851:
2581:
2531:
1273:
1145:
31:
4858:
3091:
907:
6056:
5412:
4487:
4249:
3612:
3394:
2933:
73:
or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. A secondary source contrasts with a
3887:
1150:
297:
article is always a secondary source. The delineation of sources as primary and secondary first arose in the field of
5921:
5094:
3997:
3963:
3948:
2943:
2783:
2778:
2766:
2229:
1213:
1194:
1178:
1159:
1130:
1114:
1095:
1037:
1010:
983:
917:
694:
590:
470:
17:
4051:
3034:
4994:
4620:
4336:
4012:
3975:
3848:
3719:
2549:
2544:
2203:
513:
he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing
429:
4173:
4119:
3980:
2539:
2380:
6266:
6169:
6026:
5944:
5614:
5036:
4079:
4061:
3894:
3585:
2554:
2407:
1937:
1555:
791:
254:
38:
2896:
6016:
5216:
5208:
5171:
5153:
4974:
4807:
4662:
4517:
4465:
4438:
4200:
3797:
3595:
3406:
3261:
2973:
2928:
2913:
2437:
903:
1989:
5312:
5280:
5203:
5009:
4036:
3928:
3802:
2923:
2846:
2800:
1495:
4716:
4372:
1185:
1169:
1121:
6307:
6292:
6164:
6132:
5979:
5969:
5939:
5874:
5503:
5365:
5182:
4812:
4780:
4269:
3421:
2481:
1312:
1233:
4129:
3181:
340:. Legal writers usually prefer to cite primary sources because only primary sources are authoritative and
6147:
5949:
5769:
5574:
5407:
5273:
5165:
5143:
4346:
4314:
4264:
4072:
4022:
3913:
3654:
3416:
3292:
3286:
3267:
2472:
2301:
2184:
1731:
3790:
3443:
1204:
1086:
6312:
6256:
6236:
6083:
5494:
5371:
5348:
5233:
5136:
5074:
5046:
4682:
4495:
4228:
4002:
3659:
3590:
3245:
3115:
3044:
2189:
2023:
2013:
4451:
3399:
3330:
3220:
6196:
6179:
6152:
6137:
5669:
5519:
5429:
4775:
3127:
2608:
2150:
1979:
1631:
3518:
6226:
5911:
5808:
5514:
4294:
4274:
3831:
3765:
3600:
3175:
2645:
2432:
2389:
2180:
1877:
293:, from the perspective of a later interpreter, especially by a later scholar. In the humanities, a
140:
or a survey of several volumes of a journal to count the frequency of articles on a certain topic.
3629:
6302:
5879:
5604:
5509:
5004:
4446:
3683:
3622:
3548:
3411:
3192:
2948:
2761:
2756:
2734:
2696:
2676:
2310:
2306:
2123:
1996:
1959:
1942:
1762:
1226:
3821:
3785:
712:(1986), "Primary Source by Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation",
257:, secondary sources are generally regarded as those sources that summarize or add commentary to
5996:
5991:
5894:
5850:
5338:
5290:
5285:
4254:
4208:
4057:
3563:
3017:
2990:
2960:
2824:
2771:
2588:
2464:
2359:
2199:
2194:
2052:
2018:
2006:
2001:
1964:
1914:
1772:
1752:
1438:
1383:
947:
4817:
3072:
1000:
973:
684:
580:
460:
6001:
5901:
5462:
5353:
5333:
5198:
5148:
5041:
5031:
4721:
4687:
4596:
3607:
3345:
3240:
3167:
3039:
2442:
2159:
2113:
2108:
2057:
1721:
1702:
1518:
1413:
846:
812:
619:
5266:
4677:
4213:
774:
6119:
6104:
6061:
6021:
5954:
5835:
5764:
5549:
5026:
4367:
4084:
3439:
3279:
3012:
2888:
2859:
2630:
2292:
2266:
2213:
2047:
1974:
1819:
1784:
1738:
1706:
1584:
1298:
333:
5692:
3320:
8:
6109:
6041:
5986:
5889:
5820:
5343:
4089:
3503:
3210:
2906:
2118:
2030:
1789:
1423:
1388:
1291:
632:
410:
4841:
4411:
3826:
3530:
2138:
6216:
6191:
6174:
6051:
6046:
5964:
5702:
5569:
5564:
5499:
5382:
5295:
5126:
4802:
4134:
3918:
2983:
2938:
2297:
2253:
2208:
1831:
1777:
1698:
1269:
1027:
881:
729:
2839:
1137:
A Basic Course in
Genealogy: Volume two, Research Procedure and Evaluation of Evidence
607:
6127:
6088:
6071:
5906:
5855:
5734:
5697:
5387:
5241:
4989:
4286:
3297:
3136:
2561:
2320:
2259:
2218:
2035:
1920:
1856:
1767:
1744:
1688:
1596:
1329:
1209:
1190:
1174:
1155:
1126:
1110:
1105:
1091:
1033:
1006:
979:
953:
913:
818:
737:
690:
586:
490:
466:
386:
305:
551:
source may be primary or secondary, depending on what the researcher is looking for.
6297:
6076:
5959:
5798:
5791:
5759:
5677:
5554:
5261:
5084:
5060:
5021:
4601:
3758:
3148:
3007:
2995:
2287:
2247:
2242:
2067:
1954:
1889:
1716:
1711:
1693:
1551:
1305:
1164:
871:
721:
502:
290:
176:("secondary literature") for secondary sources regarding historical facts, leaving
62:
2876:
6036:
5974:
5931:
5830:
5825:
5781:
5744:
5729:
5707:
5661:
4979:
4586:
4160:
3836:
3200:
3022:
2807:
2571:
2397:
2042:
1357:
433:
274:
258:
165:
161:
105:
5626:
3080:
6066:
5916:
5803:
5786:
5776:
5739:
5719:
5712:
5687:
5360:
5051:
4470:
4098:
4094:
3745:
3363:
3302:
3142:
2613:
2447:
2235:
2223:
1909:
1794:
1470:
1455:
1445:
1347:
1249:
1100:
298:
221:
185:
82:
74:
5300:
96:
The most accurate classification for any given source is not always obvious.
6281:
6031:
5754:
5440:
5392:
4834:
4460:
2623:
1947:
1928:
1872:
1826:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1658:
1653:
1530:
1523:
370:
337:
225:
148:
5840:
3558:
3205:
3027:
2870:
2726:
2175:
2133:
2062:
1799:
1684:
1638:
1626:
1569:
1535:
1199:
741:
709:
329:
5845:
5724:
5559:
3841:
3483:
3459:
2829:
2817:
2739:
2315:
2128:
1932:
1668:
1616:
1591:
1574:
1513:
507:
374:
357:
294:
270:
241:
4731:
1140:
426:
5749:
5397:
4404:
4047:
3617:
2279:
1867:
1621:
1579:
1565:
1433:
1418:
345:
90:
733:
308:
established by German scholarship in the 19th century, historians use
44:
5866:
4324:
3448:
3325:
3155:
2638:
1969:
1648:
1643:
1606:
1601:
1465:
1408:
1393:
1262:
998:
880:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from
341:
1205:
Metahistory: the historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe
4999:
3742:
1663:
1611:
725:
325:
137:
86:
70:
261:
in the context of the particular information or idea under study.
27:
Document that discusses information originally presented elsewhere
5682:
5657:
1450:
1428:
1378:
1282:
1218:
321:
309:
1883:
1460:
1373:
1122:
Historian's handbook, a key to the study and writing of history
778:
121:
659:"Important Sources of History (Primary and Secondary Sources)"
2518:
2415:
2276:
1398:
912:, Mineola, New York: Courier Dover Publications, p. xi,
286:
233:
1170:
From
Reliable Sources: An Introduction to Historical Methods
872:
Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011).
30:
For
Knowledge's policy on the use of secondary sources, see
1403:
606:
Dalton, Margaret Steig; Charnigo, Laurie (September 2004).
196:
may be a source, perhaps a letter, that quotes from a lost
949:
Between Two
Cultures: An Introduction to Economic History
3866:
1029:
Cite
Checker: A Hands-On Guide to Learning Citation Form
285:
Secondary sources in history and humanities are usually
5160:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
608:/15685/17131 "Historians and Their Information Sources"
686:
History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction
269:
An important use of secondary sources in the field of
164:
use more than one word for the English word "source".
5452:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
4300:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1125:(Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1991, ©1964)
215:
971:
663:
History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History
4260:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
4118:
1900:
1208:(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973)
999:Charles Camic; Neil Gross; Michele Lamont (2011).
248:
5656:
4918:
6279:
582:An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
491:"Future Historians: Their Quest for Information"
462:An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
413:". University Libraries, University of Maryland.
5484:
1727:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
810:
645:
525:
488:
277:are expected to fulfill the introductory role.
806:
804:
605:
5642:
5308:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
5178:Western European colonialism and colonization
3727:
1234:
720:(3), Duke University Press: 292–312, at 292,
3638:
865:
689:, University of Toronto Press, p. 366,
489:Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (1999),
206:
198:
190:
178:
170:
111:
3741:
814:Health Sciences Literature Review Made Easy
801:
585:. Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
465:, Cambridge University Press, p. 121,
6242:
5649:
5635:
3734:
3720:
1241:
1227:
4363:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
844:
838:
506:
280:
57:(1615), an example of a secondary source.
5582:Historical geographic information system
2348:
1051:
1025:
43:
32:Knowledge:No original research#Secondary
1032:, Thomson Delmar Learning, p. 45,
945:
902:
421:
419:
411:Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
14:
6280:
5222:English historical school of economics
3274:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1328:
1186:A Short Guide to Writing About History
1183:Richard A. Marius and Melvin E. Page,
761:
708:
682:
676:
526:Monagahn, E.J.; Hartman, D.K. (2001),
5630:
5538:
5483:
5418:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
5257:Historical reliability of the Gospels
5115:
4642:
3715:
3704:
2347:
2090:
1854:
1493:
1327:
1222:
1072:Holmes, particularly the introduction
748:in the present state of our knowledge
578:
458:
405:
403:
401:
6232:
5610:
3705:
3235:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1005:. U. of Chicago Press. p. 107.
798:, session 5, accessed 22 March 2023.
574:
572:
562:Richard Veit and Christopher Gould,
416:
6262:
4305:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
1494:
817:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
344:, while secondary sources are only
24:
5318:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
3262:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1248:
1078:
398:
364:
25:
6324:
5922:Library and information scientist
569:
528:"Historical research in literacy"
351:
216:Science, technology, and medicine
6261:
6251:
6241:
6231:
6222:
6221:
6212:
6211:
5609:
5600:
5599:
5116:
4616:
4615:
4457:Palestinian expulsion and flight
2969:5000-year civilization assertion
2545:Nadir of American race relations
975:The German Historicist Tradition
796:Succeeding in postgraduate study
612:College & Research Libraries
495:College & Research Libraries
255:library and information sciences
6252:
5945:Library and information science
5446:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
4320:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4255:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4062:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2371:Pyramid construction techniques
1938:Comparative historical research
1855:
1556:Library and information science
1066:
1057:
1045:
1019:
992:
965:
939:
930:
896:
784:
767:
755:
702:
651:
639:
249:Library and information science
39:Secondary sector of the economy
6017:Electronic resource management
5458:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5408:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
5217:Historical school of economics
5154:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
4592:Gunpowder and gun transmission
4466:Zionism as settler colonialism
3471:Limpieza de sangre controversy
2438:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1109:(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001)
1002:Social Knowledge in the Making
599:
564:Writing, Reading, and Research
556:
519:
482:
452:
439:
264:
93:of the original information.
54:History of the Kingdom of Woxu
13:
1:
5267:Opposition to Papal supremacy
4643:
2455:Indigenous population history
1026:Bouchoux, Deborah E. (2000),
878:Scholarly definition document
851:Scholarly definition document
447:Primary and secondary sources
392:
5183:Desacralization of knowledge
3454:Carlism in the Francoist era
3422:Holodomor in modern politics
2091:
1087:A Student's Guide to History
972:Frederick C. Beiser (2011).
127:Making distinctions between
75:primary, or original, source
7:
6288:Library science terminology
5950:Education for librarianship
5575:Historiographic metafiction
5539:
5485:Organizations, publications
5274:Proto-orthodox Christianity
4224:German resistance to Nazism
4080:Persian famine of 1917–1919
3490:Islamic revolution of Spain
3417:Holodomor genocide question
3293:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3287:Rerum italicarum scriptores
3268:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3035:Self-Strengthening Movement
2185:decolonization of knowledge
978:. Oxford U.P. p. 254.
646:Delgadillo & Lynch 1999
579:Kragh, Helge (1989-11-24).
380:
361:description of that event.
10:
6329:
6110:History of library science
5372:Wissenschaft des Judentums
5349:Criticism of Protestantism
4229:Nazi foreign policy debate
3660:Second colonial occupation
3407:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3045:Tibetan sovereignty debate
2589:Progressive-era historians
2024:Nationalization of history
1975:Historical-critical method
449:". Ithaca College Library.
36:
29:
6207:
6118:
6097:
5930:
5864:
5668:
5594:
5545:
5534:
5490:
5479:
5428:
5232:
5191:
5122:
5111:
4967:
4653:
4649:
4638:
4610:
4579:
4543:
4437:
4391:
4377:Second Sino-Japanese War
4355:
4285:
4237:
4199:
4159:
4035:
3857:
3776:
3752:
3711:
3700:
3676:
3574:
3541:
3432:
3356:
3313:
3254:
3219:
3191:
3182:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3126:
3053:
2959:
2887:
2601:
2530:
2463:
2425:
2358:
2354:
2343:
2168:
2101:
2097:
2086:
1863:
1850:
1677:
1544:
1506:
1502:
1489:
1366:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1256:
952:, W.W. Norton & Co.,
436:". James Cook University.
112:Classification of sources
6227:Category:Library science
5912:Information professional
5809:Learning Resource Centre
5132:Crisis of historiography
4295:Auschwitz bombing debate
3981:Indian Rebellion of 1857
3832:Late Bronze Age collapse
3766:List of military museums
3369:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
3341:Polish People's Republic
3176:Sybel-Ficker controversy
2540:African-American history
2513:Colonial Spanish America
2302:Second Thirty Years' War
811:Garrard, Judith (2010).
792:4.2 Secondary literature
683:Duffin, Jacalyn (1999),
184:("secondary source") to
37:Not to be confused with
4245:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4104:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3655:Porter–MacKenzie debate
3412:Causes of the Holodomor
2949:Problem of two emperors
2897:Catilinarian conspiracy
2124:Historical significance
1985:Indiscipline of history
1960:Historical anthropology
909:Riemann's Zeta Function
5997:Collection development
5339:Protestant Reformation
5313:Second Vatican Council
5291:Succession to Muhammad
5286:Criticism of the Quran
5037:Religious perspectives
4771:Klemens von Metternich
4368:"Battle for Australia"
4250:Soviet offensive plans
4219:Broad vs. narrow front
4058:Late Ottoman genocides
2991:Century of humiliation
2772:Goguryeo controversies
2750:2,500-year celebration
2408:Double genocide theory
2195:Historical negationism
2019:Ancestral civilisation
2007:Historical materialism
1965:Historical determinism
1915:History of mentalities
1167:and Walter Prevenier,
1154:(HarperCollins, 2004)
1139:(Bookcraft Inc, 1958)
501:(3): 245–259, at 253,
315:
281:Humanities and history
207:
199:
191:
179:
171:
89:, interpretation, or
58:
6002:Collective collection
5463:Torsion mangonel myth
5366:Modern Jewish history
5361:Jesuit historiography
5354:Protestant work ethic
5334:Hesychast controversy
5199:Industrial Revolution
5149:Library of Alexandria
5067:The Lord of the Rings
4717:Constantine the Great
4597:Torsion mangonel myth
4529:Sri Lankan Civil War
3608:Storm over the gentry
3509:Colonies or Provinces
3040:Sprouts of capitalism
2114:Historic preservation
2109:Change and continuity
1189:(8th Edition) (2012)
936:Helge (1989), p. 121.
884:on September 10, 2011
459:Kragh, Helge (1989),
47:
6165:Library associations
6105:History of libraries
6022:Information literacy
5550:Commemorative plaque
4766:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4214:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4085:Powder keg of Europe
3960:Franco-Prussian War
3630:Winter of Discontent
3613:Suffragette Campaign
3280:Italiani brava gente
3246:Revolutionary period
3068:Frankish Interregnum
3001:"Chineseness" debate
2934:Byzantine succession
2919:Fall of Western Rome
2860:Executed Renaissance
2349:By country or region
2293:Age of Enlightenment
2267:Vaticinium ex eventu
2214:Modernisation theory
2048:Quantitative history
1424:Historical documents
614:: 416 n.3, 419 n.18.
566:(8th ed. 2009) p 335
538:(11), archived from
508:10.5860/crl.60.3.245
6308:Works about history
6293:Information science
6042:Library instruction
5902:Periodicals/serials
5821:Special collections
5379:Schools of thought
5344:Proto-Protestantism
5213:School of Thoughts
5095:William Shakespeare
5080:Robert Falcon Scott
4985:Friedrich Nietzsche
4823:Cult of personality
4808:Neville Chamberlain
4668:Alexander the Great
4550:Russo-Georgian War
4523:Sovereignty dispute
4502:Iranian Revolution
4332:"Polish death camp"
4309:In relation to the
4018:Myth of English aid
4009:War of the Pacific
3786:Albigensian Crusade
3211:Indigenous Aryanism
2907:Constantinian shift
2443:Residential schools
2200:Historian's fallacy
2119:Historic recurrence
1617:Numismatics (Money)
1389:Archaeological site
1313:theories of history
1084:Jules R. Benjamin,
6217:Category:Libraries
6084:Technical services
6052:Library publishing
6047:Library management
5875:Distance education
5570:Historical realism
5565:Historical fiction
5510:History institutes
5500:Historical society
5495:Heritage registers
5383:Biblical criticism
5296:Islamic golden age
5247:Early Christianity
5127:Bears in antiquity
5015:Medieval Christian
4813:Pedro II of Brazil
4761:José de San Martín
4565:Syrian revolution
4477:Malayan Emergency
4452:1948 Palestine war
4185:Spanish Civil War
4135:War guilt question
3944:American Civil War
3924:Invasion of Russia
3900:New Russian School
3684:Colonial Australia
3400:October Revolution
3163:Strukturgeschichte
3099:Location of Alésia
3018:Hua–Yi distinction
2939:Moscow, third Rome
2555:Reconstruction era
2376:Black Egypt Thesis
2298:European Civil War
2254:Translatio imperii
2209:Invented tradition
1330:Historical sources
845:Princeton (2011).
790:Open University, "
432:2014-11-06 at the
291:scholarly journals
59:
6313:History resources
6275:
6274:
6062:Readers' advisory
5735:Library of things
5624:
5623:
5590:
5589:
5530:
5529:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5388:Catholic theology
5242:Avestan geography
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5090:Søren Kierkegaard
4963:
4962:
4874:Warren G. Harding
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4433:
4432:
4311:Armenian genocide
4174:Polish–Soviet War
4169:Burning of Smyrna
4155:
4154:
4145:Reichstag inquiry
4068:Patriotic consent
3939:
3938:
3914:War in the Vendée
3878:French Revolution
3860:century conflicts
3849:Peloponnesian War
3810:Eighty Years' War
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3601:Westminster Stone
3298:Southern question
3137:Alltagsgeschichte
3087:Legendary Saracen
2789:Early settlements
2597:
2596:
2577:Political history
2562:Consensus history
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2321:Continuity thesis
2260:Translatio studii
2146:Theory of history
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2036:Subaltern Studies
1921:Nouvelle histoire
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1758:Medieval churches
1745:Geistesgeschichte
1689:Paleoanthropology
1597:Encyclopaedistics
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1353:Secondary sources
959:978-0-393-30816-7
824:978-1-4496-1868-1
427:Secondary sources
387:Original research
172:Sekundärliteratur
18:Secondary sources
16:(Redirected from
6320:
6265:
6264:
6255:
6254:
6245:
6244:
6235:
6234:
6225:
6224:
6215:
6214:
6012:Discovery system
5960:Archival science
5670:Types of library
5651:
5644:
5637:
5628:
5627:
5613:
5612:
5603:
5602:
5555:Documentary film
5536:
5535:
5515:History journals
5481:
5480:
5454:
5326:
5262:Primacy of Peter
5209:Great Depression
5189:
5188:
5162:
5140:
5113:
5112:
5061:J. R. R. Tolkien
4916:
4915:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4869:Ulysses S. Grant
4864:Thomas Jefferson
4855:
4831:
4794:
4757:
4745:
4713:
4701:
4693:Chiang Ching-kuo
4683:Cato the Younger
4673:Amin al-Husseini
4651:
4650:
4640:
4639:
4619:
4618:
4602:War and genocide
4426:
4412:Résistancialisme
4399:Battle of France
4381:Nanjing Massacre
4235:
4234:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4076:
4026:
3908:
3891:
3864:
3863:
3791:Catharism debate
3777:pre-18th century
3759:Military history
3736:
3729:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3706:By war, conflict
3702:
3701:
3650:Cambridge School
3636:
3635:
3534:
3522:
3498:
3479:
3389:
3377:
3349:
3171:
3149:Historikerstreit
3119:
3107:
3095:
3076:
3062:Cordon sanitaire
3008:New Qing History
2996:Conquest dynasty
2987:
2902:Christianization
2885:
2884:
2804:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2671:
2659:
2651:Byzantine Empire
2506:Iquicha Royalism
2495:
2461:
2460:
2384:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2344:
2288:Age of Discovery
2277:Periodization of
2274:
2273:
2248:Transhistoricity
2243:Thirty-year rule
2154:
2142:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2068:Great Man theory
2031:People's history
1993:
1898:
1897:
1890:Three-age system
1852:
1851:
1552:Archival science
1504:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1358:Tertiary sources
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1274:by area of study
1243:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1165:Martha C. Howell
1106:What is History?
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1023:
1017:
1016:
996:
990:
989:
969:
963:
962:
946:Cipolla (1992),
943:
937:
934:
928:
927:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
808:
799:
788:
782:
771:
765:
759:
753:
752:
706:
700:
699:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
655:
649:
643:
637:
636:
630:
625:
623:
615:
603:
597:
596:
576:
567:
560:
554:
553:
548:
547:
523:
517:
515:
510:
486:
480:
479:
456:
450:
443:
437:
423:
414:
407:
275:tertiary sources
210:
202:
194:
182:
174:
162:modern languages
118:symbolic sources
67:secondary source
21:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6203:
6170:Library schools
6114:
6093:
6037:Library history
5932:Library science
5926:
5860:
5826:Special library
5664:
5662:library science
5655:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5586:
5541:
5526:
5486:
5467:
5450:
5433:
5424:
5320:
5228:
5204:Great Recession
5187:
5158:
5134:
5118:
5099:
4990:H. P. Lovecraft
4959:
4921:
4914:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4849:
4825:
4798:Muammar Gaddafi
4788:
4776:Leonid Brezhnev
4751:
4739:
4722:Gregory Palamas
4707:
4705:Chiang Kai Shek
4695:
4655:
4645:
4626:
4625:
4606:
4587:Conflict thesis
4575:
4539:
4429:
4420:
4387:
4351:
4281:
4233:
4195:
4161:Interwar period
4151:
4121:
4114:
4106:
4090:Schlieffen Plan
4070:
4031:
4020:
3935:
3902:
3885:
3870:
3859:
3853:
3837:Dorian invasion
3822:Fall of Babylon
3778:
3772:
3771:
3748:
3740:
3707:
3688:
3664:
3641:
3634:
3596:Kingdom of Alba
3577:
3570:
3537:
3528:
3516:
3514:Spanish decline
3492:
3473:
3428:
3383:
3371:
3352:
3343:
3309:
3250:
3215:
3201:Greater Magadha
3187:
3165:
3122:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3070:
3049:
3023:Four Barbarians
2981:
2955:
2883:
2840:Götaland theory
2808:Lusotropicalism
2798:
2779:North Macedonia
2711:
2699:
2687:
2665:
2653:
2593:
2572:Frontier thesis
2567:Cyclical theory
2550:Neoabolitionism
2526:
2489:
2459:
2421:
2398:Greater Morocco
2378:
2350:
2327:
2278:
2272:
2164:
2148:
2136:
2093:
2074:
1987:
1902:
1896:
1878:Historical eras
1859:
1838:
1673:
1570:Writing systems
1540:
1498:
1496:Fields of study
1477:
1471:Service records
1456:Religious texts
1362:
1348:Primary sources
1332:
1319:
1318:
1252:
1247:
1141:WorldCat record
1135:Derek Harland,
1081:
1079:Further reading
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1024:
1020:
1013:
997:
993:
986:
970:
966:
960:
944:
940:
935:
931:
920:
901:
897:
887:
885:
870:
866:
856:
854:
843:
839:
829:
827:
825:
809:
802:
789:
785:
772:
768:
760:
756:
707:
703:
697:
681:
677:
668:
666:
657:
656:
652:
644:
640:
628:
626:
617:
616:
604:
600:
593:
577:
570:
561:
557:
545:
543:
524:
520:
487:
483:
473:
457:
453:
444:
440:
434:Wayback Machine
424:
417:
408:
399:
395:
383:
367:
365:Autobiographies
354:
318:
283:
267:
259:primary sources
251:
222:review articles
218:
114:
106:tertiary source
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6326:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6303:Historiography
6300:
6295:
6290:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6249:
6239:
6229:
6219:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6124:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5992:Classification
5989:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5917:Informationist
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5851:Transportation
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5607:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5336:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5259:
5254:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4980:Charles Darwin
4977:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4950:United Kingdom
4947:
4942:
4940:Modern Germany
4937:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4913:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4859:Thomas Aquinas
4856:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4746:
4734:
4729:
4727:Horatio Nelson
4724:
4719:
4714:
4702:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4559:Responsibility
4556:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4471:New Historians
4468:
4463:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Responsibility
4334:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4101:
4095:Spirit of 1914
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4065:
4055:
4052:Fischer thesis
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4015:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3993:Paraguayan War
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3919:Napoleonic era
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3892:
3883:Pre-revolution
3874:
3872:
3868:Coalition Wars
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:historiography
3739:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:Decline thesis
3561:
3554:Ottoman Empire
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3480:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3381:Skeptic School
3366:
3364:Anti-Normanism
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Golden Liberty
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3303:Neo-Bourbonism
3295:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3143:Borussian myth
3140:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3077:
3065:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2988:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2614:Dealbanisation
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2478:May Revolution
2469:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2448:Staples thesis
2445:
2440:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2280:modern history
2271:
2270:
2263:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2226:
2224:Paradigm shift
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:Annales school
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1773:Constitutional
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1709:
1696:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Postage stamps
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Oral tradition
1443:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:Historiography
1246:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1197:
1181:
1162:
1146:Richard Holmes
1143:
1133:
1117:
1101:Edward H. Carr
1098:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1063:Harland, p. 39
1056:
1044:
1038:
1018:
1011:
991:
984:
964:
958:
938:
929:
918:
895:
874:"Book reviews"
864:
847:"Book reviews"
837:
823:
800:
783:
781:, Paris, 1971.
766:
764:, p. 292.
754:
726:10.2307/481816
701:
695:
675:
650:
648:, p. 253.
638:
598:
591:
568:
555:
532:Reading Online
518:
481:
471:
451:
438:
415:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
382:
379:
366:
363:
353:
352:Family history
350:
317:
314:
304:Following the
299:historiography
282:
279:
266:
263:
250:
247:
217:
214:
192:Sekundärquelle
186:historiography
180:Sekundärquelle
113:
110:
83:generalization
49:Scipione Amati
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6325:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6268:
6260:
6258:
6250:
6248:
6240:
6238:
6230:
6228:
6220:
6218:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6032:Legal deposit
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5863:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5640:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5616:
5608:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5482:
5478:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Merton thesis
5439:
5438:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Panbabylonism
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5324:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5114:
5110:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4955:United States
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4917:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4835:Bolivarianism
4833:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4818:Simon Bolivar
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4749:Joseph Stalin
4747:
4743:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4637:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:Post-Cold War
4542:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4518:Falklands War
4516:
4514:
4513:Iran–Iraq War
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:Ongoing Nakba
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4424:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:Western Front
4390:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4373:Bengal famine
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4287:The Holocaust
4284:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:Eastern Front
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:Paris Commune
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:Turning point
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:18th and 19th
3856:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:Islamic views
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3527:
3526:Ser de España
3524:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Ottoman claim
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Prosopography
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2877:Trưng sisters
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2624:Habsburg myth
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2532:United States
2529:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2465:Latin America
2462:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Transnational
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:Decoloniality
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:Historiometry
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:Periodization
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Sigillography
1657:
1655:
1654:Prosopography
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Local history
1529:
1525:
1524:Human history
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:World history
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1214:9780801814693
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:9780205118601
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1179:9780801435737
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:9780007137510
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:9780881336269
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:9780333977019
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:9781457621444
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1069:
1060:
1054:, p. 45.
1053:
1052:Bouchoux 2000
1048:
1041:
1039:0-7668-1893-4
1035:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1012:9780226092096
1008:
1004:
1003:
995:
987:
985:9780199691555
981:
977:
976:
968:
961:
955:
951:
950:
942:
933:
926:
921:
919:0-486-41740-9
915:
911:
910:
905:
904:Edwards, H.M.
899:
888:September 22,
883:
879:
875:
868:
857:September 22,
852:
848:
841:
826:
820:
816:
815:
807:
805:
797:
793:
787:
780:
776:
770:
763:
758:
751:
749:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Henige, David
705:
698:
696:0-8020-7912-1
692:
688:
687:
679:
664:
660:
654:
647:
642:
634:
621:
613:
609:
602:
594:
592:9780521389211
588:
584:
583:
575:
573:
565:
559:
552:
542:on 2012-02-13
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
514:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
485:
478:
474:
472:0-521-38921-6
468:
464:
463:
455:
448:
442:
435:
431:
428:
422:
420:
412:
406:
404:
402:
397:
388:
385:
384:
378:
376:
372:
371:autobiography
362:
359:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:encyclopedias
335:
331:
327:
323:
313:
311:
307:
306:Rankean model
302:
300:
296:
295:peer reviewed
292:
288:
278:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
246:
243:
238:
235:
229:
227:
226:meta-analysis
223:
213:
211:
209:
203:
201:
195:
193:
187:
183:
181:
175:
173:
168:usually uses
167:
163:
158:
155:
150:
149:UNISIST model
145:
141:
139:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
109:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
55:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
6057:Preservation
6007:Conservation
5955:Acquisitions
5836:Subscription
5765:Presidential
5370:
5172:The Simpsons
5170:
5117:Other topics
5065:
5042:Christianity
5032:Resurrection
4663:Adolf Hitler
4492:Six-Day War
4488:Algerian War
4459: /
4418:Vichy France
4410:
4403:
4313: /
4201:World War II
4097: /
3764:
3757:
3559:Ghaza thesis
3482:
3458:
3444:White legend
3442: /
3440:Black legend
3395:Soviet Union
3285:
3278:
3266:
3229:Great Famine
3206:Indocentrism
3180:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3135:
3081:Grand Siècle
3079:
3060:
3028:Sinocentrism
2889:Ancient Rome
2869:
2727:Aryan Kartli
2725:
2517:
2480: /
2414:
2311:19th century
2309: /
2300: /
2265:
2258:
2257: /
2252:
2228:
2202: /
2176:Black legend
2134:Historiology
1931: /
1919:
1882:
1820:Quantitative
1743:
1739:Intellectual
1705: /
1701: /
1687: /
1685:Anthropology
1639:Phaleristics
1632:preservation
1627:Oral history
1568: /
1554: /
1536:Microhistory
1352:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1272: /
1268:
1261:
1203:
1200:Hayden White
1184:
1168:
1149:
1136:
1120:
1104:
1085:
1068:
1059:
1047:
1028:
1021:
1001:
994:
974:
967:
948:
941:
932:
923:
908:
898:
886:. Retrieved
882:the original
877:
867:
855:. Retrieved
850:
840:
830:16 September
828:. Retrieved
813:
795:
786:
769:
757:
747:
745:
717:
714:Ethnohistory
713:
704:
685:
678:
667:. Retrieved
665:. 2013-09-23
662:
653:
641:
620:cite journal
611:
601:
581:
563:
558:
550:
544:, retrieved
540:the original
535:
531:
521:
512:
498:
494:
484:
476:
461:
454:
441:
368:
355:
342:precedential
330:case reports
319:
303:
284:
268:
252:
239:
230:
219:
208:Primärquelle
205:
200:Primärquelle
197:
189:
177:
169:
159:
153:
146:
142:
132:
128:
126:
117:
115:
101:
97:
95:
79:
66:
60:
52:
6267:WikiProject
5987:Circulation
5560:Hagiography
5321: [
5281:Early Islam
5135: [
5027:Historicity
5005:Historicity
4995:Jane Austen
4975:The Beatles
4945:Netherlands
4906: [
4903:Zhuge Liang
4894: [
4882: [
4879:Yuan Shikai
4850: [
4847:Sun Yat Tse
4826: [
4789: [
4752: [
4740: [
4737:Jiang Zemin
4708: [
4696: [
4688:Che Guevara
4421: [
4356:Pacific War
4140:Article 231
4130:Reparations
4107: [
4071: [
4048:Color books
4037:World War I
4021: [
3998:War of 1812
3903: [
3886: [
3871:(1792–1815)
3842:Sea Peoples
3827:Gallic Wars
3529: [
3517: [
3504:Revisionist
3493: [
3484:Reconquista
3474: [
3466:Inquisition
3460:Convivencia
3384: [
3372: [
3344: [
3241:Revisionism
3166: [
3114: [
3102: [
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