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does not stagnate. In addition, the historically contaminated sediments have been treated and nutrients within the sediments chemically neutralised. Thirdly, the oxygen status of the water and the overall mixing of the lake is now controlled by a series of 24 aeration pumps fixed to the base of the lake. These ensure that the dissolved oxygen levels in the lake do not fall and result in chronic ecological stress. Finally, the overall ecology of the lake was reviewed and some of the large bream and carp were removed in
February 2012 to reduce their disturbance of the sediment and vegetation of the lake. These measures were implemented over the period October 2011 to June 2012. The resultant water quality of the lake was excellent and proved to be an extremely popular venue for the swimming portion of the London 2012 Triathlon and the Marathon Swim events in August 2012.
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335:. The water is now supplied by three boreholes drilled into the Upper Chalk. The first borehole is at the Italian Gardens, the second at the Diana Memorial and the third, drilled in 2012 to a depth of 132 m (433 ft), is within 50 m (160 ft) of there. The Long Water runs south-east from this point to Serpentine Bridge, where the lake curves to the east, following the natural contours of the land. At the eastern end, water flows out via a
535:'s Lido, it is partitioned off from the rest of the lake by a perimeter of buoys. There is a fee for entering the lido, and changing rooms are available. It is normally open only in the summer, typically between 10:00 and 17:30, although members of the Serpentine Swimming Club may swim all the year round from 05:00 to 09:30. The Peter Pan Christmas Day Race is only open to regular participants in the Saturday swimming competitions during the winter.
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343:. The outflow has not historically maintained the waterfall, and re-circulation pumps were installed in the Dell, below the dam, to sustain this feature. The restoration work in 2012 restored the flows into the Serpentine and this waterfall is now restored as originally designed. Historically the river flowed mainly exposed due south from this point as the mutual limits of
626:, unveiled in 1983 stands at the eastern end of the Serpentine, immediately beyond the dam. A memorial on the northern shore of the lake was erected by Norwegian seamen in 1978 in thanks for the safe haven they were given in Britain after their country surrendered to the Germans in 1940, during the Second World War.
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of 10 years, and is now reduced to 4–5 months as a result of new borehole water being pumped into the lake. The three boreholes, drilled into the Upper Chalk, now supply the lake with up to 900,000 cubic metres (32 million cubic feet) of water per annum ensuring that the lake remains fresh and
397:
in Hyde Park as part of a general redevelopment of Hyde Park and
Kensington Gardens. Original monastic ponds may have existed in the location and these were modified as part of the 1730–1732 scheme to create a single lake. At that time, the Westbourne formed eleven natural ponds in the park. During
512:
In 2011, the Royal Parks embarked on the restoration of the
Serpentine to combat growing concerns about the status of the water and the quality of the aquatic environment. The project resulted in a substantial change to the hydrology of the lake, which had a
305:
There are many recreational facilities around the
Serpentine, as well as boating on the lake itself. In 1860, the Serpentine was to be modified into a skating pond with formal edges. This scheme was not implemented. Among the landmarks near the lake is the
633:, opened in 2004, sits on the southern shore near West Carriage Drive. At first beset with problems, needing a three-week closure, it has become one of the UK's most popular attractions, with 800, 000 visitors a year. Sharing the bank is the
413:, where the canal was excavated in the 1660s (later turned into a curving lake). The Serpentine was one of the earliest artificial lakes designed to appear natural, and was widely imitated in parks and gardens nationwide.
262:. Although it is common to refer to the entire body of water as the Serpentine, the name refers in the strict sense only to the eastern half of the lake. Serpentine Bridge, which marks the boundary between Hyde Park and
330:
entering at the
Italian Garden at the north-western end of the Long Water. The Westbourne ceased to provide the water for the Serpentine in 1834, as it had become polluted so water was for some years pumped from the
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awarded the Peter Pan Cup to the winner of the race, a tradition which has continued ever since. Owing to the hazards of swimming in freezing water, the race is open only to members of the
Serpentine Swimming Club.
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in the 1830s. The water is now pumped from three boreholes within Hyde Park, the most recent being installed in May 2012 as part of the 2011–2012 restoration of the lake. The
Serpentine provided a focal point for
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ferries passengers between the northern and southern banks of the
Serpentine. At 48 feet (15 m) long and carrying 42 passengers, it is the largest wholly solar-powered passenger boat operating in the UK.
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standing on its southern shore. Following the introduction of more stringent regulations to protect the environment in the park, the relocation of the
Crystal Palace, and the construction of the nearby
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and West Boat House, 1952, for the new chlorination launch, to replace a former boat house bombed in 1940. Nearby is a grass amphitheatre known as the
Cockpit. This disused gravel pit was the scene of
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402:, who dammed the Westbourne to create the artificial lake, and dug a large pond in the centre of Kensington Gardens (The Round Pond) to be a focal point for pathways in the park.
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The lake has a maximum depth of 17 ft (5.2 m); it is often reported to be deeper, but bathymetric surveys by the Royal Park in 2010 revealed the design of the lake.
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294:. Since 1864, the Serpentine Swimming Club has organised a 100-yard race every Christmas morning. In 1913, the Peter Pan Cup was inaugurated for this race by
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complex of museums and exhibitions, large-scale events ceased to take place on the banks of the Serpentine. However, it was the location for the 1977
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Since 1864, the Serpentine has hosted a 100-yard (91.4 m) swimming competition every Christmas morning at 9 am. In 1904, author
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The lake formed a focal point of the 1814 celebrations which marked a century of Hanoverian rule and re-enacted the British victory at
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On the northern side of the lake, opposite The Lido, are two self-contained boat houses. The East Boat House, 1903, erected by the
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432:, was found drowned in the Serpentine having left a suicide note addressed to her father, sister and husband. Shelley married
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showing the newly constructed Serpentine. The paths converging on the Round Pond to the west of the lake are also visible.
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bounding Hyde Park against Kensington Gardens, dividing the lake into the Serpentine (east) and the Long Water (west).
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in the dam, forming a small ornamental waterfall at the Dell where a small garden exists landscaped in the 1870s by
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of 1851, and more recently was a venue for the men's and women's triathlon and marathon swimming events in the
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the 1730s, the lake filled to its current size and shape. The redevelopment was carried out by Royal Gardener
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and the Serpentine Sackler Gallery opened in 2013 converting an 1805-built gunpowder store, across a bridge.
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The lake achieved notoriety in December 1816 when Harriet Westbrook, the pregnant wife of the poet
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Swim Serpentine was created as a two-day open water event in the summer. It is organised by
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There are two lakeside restaurants and various recreational facilities on the lake shore.
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Rowing boats are available for hire. In 2002 the Serpentine hosted the Mercedes Benz
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View south across the Serpentine to the Diana Memorial Fountain on the south bank.
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This article is about the body of water in London, England. For other uses, see
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At the time of construction, artificial lakes were typically long and straight
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A rectangular swimming area on the southern bank was opened in 1930. Known as
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The Italian Garden; the fountains are fed by a borehole into the Upper Chalk.
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max 393,700 cubic metres (319.2 acre⋅ft) at 14.96 m (49.1 ft)
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1333:"Rowing Champions Meet in London for Mercedes-Benz World Rowing Sprints"
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916:"Thomas Hawksley and the Project to Cleanse The Serpentine: 1859–1862"
576:, 1890, showing the footpath along the southern bank of the Serpentine
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The Serpentine was used as the venue for the swimming portion of the
421:
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designed and oversaw the Serpentine Bridge as part of newly built
1307:"Swimmers brave 4C temperatures for Peter Pan race in Serpentine"
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351:, but since 1850 is culverted (runs underground) to reach the
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Sluice gate of the 1730 dam at the eastern end of the lake
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The Serpentine in a rainstorm, looking southeast towards
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The Long Water from the Italian Garden. Large numbers of
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in the 1730s, the lake's water was then pumped from the
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The Serpentine, viewed from the footpath across the dam
475:
In the 1820s, the park was extensively redesigned by
850:
1373:
1254:"The Peter Pan Cup Christmas Morning Handicap Swim"
814:
The Holocaust Memorial, immediately east of the dam
1574:Hyde Park & the Serpentine official home page
1631:Parks and open spaces in the City of Westminster
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102:
1066:"Kensington Gardens – The Queen's gardens"
494:View across the Long Water to Kensington Palace
1248:
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656:. This area can also be seen in the 1953 film
652:here, from 1968, were initially organised by
223:10 years before 2012, 5 months after May 2012
1150:. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
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258:, England, created in 1730 at the behest of
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1204:"Where the Olympic Events Would Take Place"
1197:
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966:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
894:"Hyde Park & Kensington Gardens Stroll"
1611:Buildings and structures completed in 1730
1256:. Serpentine Swimming Club. Archived from
980:
631:Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain
308:Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain
1568:
1084:
298:, the creator of the fictional character
57:Serpentine Bridge from Kensington Gardens
1519:Discovering London Statues and Monuments
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648:' "Stones in the Park" concert in 1969.
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1101:. The Royal Parks. 2007. Archived from
1068:. Royal Parks Authority. Archived from
1042:. The Royal Parks. 2007. Archived from
662:, as the starting point for the annual
451:nine years previously, and of the 1851
14:
1598:
1040:"Hyde Park History & Architecture"
1516:
1379:
1286:from the original on 22 November 2017
1027:
838:The Solarshuttle, moored in front of
758:Serpentine Bridge from the north bank
201:5.30 m (17.4 ft), 2012 data
1565:Template:Attached KML/The Serpentine
1304:
1123:
943:"Lord Redesdale and the Dell Garden"
158:Three boreholes from the upper chalk
1359:"Serpentine solar boat to set sail"
326:Originally the lake was fed by the
24:
1415:"Queen unveils new Diana fountain"
1305:Mata, William (25 December 2022).
1126:"Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822)"
664:London to Brighton Veteran Car Run
468:celebrations, and a venue for the
75:
25:
1652:
1537:
1393:"Diana fountain 'poorly managed'"
1201:
1011:. The Royal Parks. Archived from
36:Serpentine River (disambiguation)
1176:. Georgian Index. Archived from
941:London Parks and Gardens, 1907.
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826:The Serpentine Bridge from below
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683:View east from Serpentine Bridge
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1591:360° panorama of the Serpentine
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1099:"Hyde Park: Park of Pleasure"
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393:, ordered the damming of the
146:Artificial lake, created 1730
624:Hyde Park Holocaust Memorial
617:
605:In the summer months, (The)
250:) is a 40-acre (16 ha)
7:
1437:"HYDE PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN"
846:
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436:less than two weeks later.
32:Serpentine (disambiguation)
10:
1657:
1282:. London Marathon Events.
981:Cunningham, Peter (1850).
588:
434:Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin
368:
29:
1579:25 September 2010 at the
1395:. BBC News. 21 March 2006
1128:. Royal Berkshire History
1124:Ford, David Nash (2005).
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27:Lake in Hyde Park, London
1517:Baker, Margaret (2002).
1361:. BBC News. 18 July 2006
1230:Serpentine Swimming Club
896:. Urban75. November 2006
879:
1417:. BBC News. 6 July 2004
507:William Calder Marshall
481:John Rennie the Younger
193:16.2 ha (40 acres)
1521:. Shire Publications.
1491:"The Park is the star"
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273:Originally fed by the
1636:Thames drainage basin
654:Blackhill Enterprises
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314:Geography of the lake
1569:KML is from Wikidata
1105:on 11 September 2007
798:architecture of the
642:Royal Humane Society
595:World Rowing Sprints
479:. At the same time,
430:Percy Bysshe Shelley
292:London 2012 Olympics
288:The Great Exhibition
125:51.50528°N 0.16944°W
1641:Caroline of Ansbach
1339:. 27 September 2002
1154:on 22 February 2007
987:. Thorndike Press.
984:Hand-Book of London
505:Memorial, sculptor
485:West Carriage Drive
246:(also known as the
219:Residence time
121: /
1449:on 23 January 2015
840:Hyde Park Barracks
745:Hyde Park Barracks
719:The Italian Garden
646:The Rolling Stones
635:Serpentine Gallery
611:solar-powered boat
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548:2012 Olympic Games
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457:the Crystal Palace
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424:nest in this area.
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264:Kensington Gardens
170:Storm relief sewer
130:51.50528; -0.16944
1626:Hyde Park, London
1528:978-0-7478-0495-6
1493:. The Royal Parks
1280:"Swim Serpentine"
1260:on 13 August 2007
1148:"Harriet Shelley"
1072:on 9 October 2007
1046:on 10 August 2007
922:on 16 August 2018
869:Hyde Park, London
544:marathon swimming
443:Serpentine Bridge
400:Charles Bridgeman
256:Hyde Park, London
252:recreational lake
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18:Serpentine (lake)
16:(Redirected from
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328:River Westbourne
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248:Serpentine River
213:86.6 10⁶ imp Gal
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387:Queen Caroline
377:Detail of the
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260:Queen Caroline
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