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The first borehole is located at the
Italian Gardens, the second at the Diana Memorial and the third, drilled in 2012 to a depth of 132m, is within 50m of the Diana Memorial. The Long Water runs south-east from this point to Serpentine Bridge, where the lake curves to the east, following the natural contours of the land. At the eastern end, water flows out of the lake via a
264:
in Hyde Park as part of a general redevelopment of Hyde Park and
Kensington Gardens. Original monastic ponds may have existed in the location; these were modified as part of the 1730–1732 scheme to create a single lake. At that time, the Westbourne formed eleven natural ponds in the park. During the
211:
in the dam, forming a small ornamental waterfall at the Dell. The outflow has not historically maintained the waterfall, and re-circulation pumps were installed in the Dell, below the dam, to sustain this feature. The restoration work in 2012 restored the flows into the
Serpentine and this waterfall
206:
entering at the
Italian Garden at the north-western end of the Long Water. The Westbourne ceased to provide the water for the Serpentine in 1834, as the river had become polluted, and so water was then pumped from the Thames. The water is now supplied by three boreholes drilled into the Upper Chalk.
370:
The Long Water is designated as a bird sanctuary. It has important populations of breeding waterfowls, and in winter there are many migratory visitors. A 2005 survey showed it as home to 90 species of moth alone. On the western bank of the Long Water, deliberately hidden in foliage, is a bronze
272:
At the time of construction, artificial lakes were typically long and straight. The
Serpentine was one of the earliest artificial lakes designed to appear natural, and was widely imitated in parks and gardens nationwide.
231:
The lake as a whole (including the
Serpentine) has a maximum depth of 17 feet (5.3 m). The lake is often reported to be deeper, but bathymetric surveys by the Royal Park in 2010 revealed the design of the lake.
450:
307:
standing on its southern shore. Following the introduction of more stringent regulations to protect the environment in the park, the relocation of the
Crystal Palace, and the construction of the nearby
351:
At the northern end of the Long Water are five fountains surrounded by classical statuary and sculpture in an area officially known as the
Italian Gardens. A large bronze memorial to
269:, who dammed the Westbourne to create the artificial lake, and dug a large pond in the centre of Kensington Gardens (The Round Pond) to be a focal point for pathways in the park.
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complex of museums and exhibitions, large-scale events ceased to take place on the banks of the
Serpentine. However, it was the location for the 1977
363:
in 1858, but four years later was moved to its present site. In recent years there has been an ongoing campaign for the memorial to be moved to the
887:
553:
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The lake formed a focal point of the 1814 celebrations which marked a century of
Hanoverian rule and re-enacted the British victory at
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along the boundary between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, dividing the lake into the Serpentine (east) and the Long Water (west).
1011:
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816:
482:
1026:
743:
280:, was found drowned in the Serpentine having left a suicide note addressed to her father, sister and husband. Shelley married
212:
is now restored as originally designed. Historically the river flowed due south from this point, marking the boundary between
994:
245:
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showing the newly constructed Serpentine. The paths converging on the Round Pond to the west of the lake are also visible.
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509:
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1730s, the lake filled to its current size and shape. The redevelopment was carried out by Royal Gardener
1056:
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532:
379:. The "real world" elements of the play and novel were set in the park and in the surrounding streets.
257:
891:
414:
672:
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The lake achieved notoriety in December 1816 when Harriet Westbrook, the pregnant wife of the poet
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183:. The Long Water refers to the long and narrow western half of the lake that is known as the
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The Long Water and the Serpentine are generally considered to be part of one lake.
464:, situated on the northern end of the dam, dominates the eastern end of the lake.
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The Italian Garden; the fountains are fed by a borehole into the Upper Chalk.
352:
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554:"Thomas Hawksley and the Project to Cleanse The Serpentine: 1859–1862"
191:
and Kensington Gardens, also marks the Long Water's eastern boundary.
140:
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28:
221:
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176:
1012:
Kensington Gardens and the Long Water official home page
187:. Serpentine Bridge, which marks the boundary between
331:
built the Serpentine Bridge to carry the newly built
323:
In the 1820s, the park was extensively redesigned by
937:"Managing for Biodiversity in London's Royal Parks"
476:
The Holocaust Memorial, immediately east of the dam
359:, dominates the area; it was originally located in
916:. Greenspace Information for Greater London. 2006
1052:Parks and open spaces in the City of Westminster
1018:
78:
636:"Kensington Gardens – The Queen's gardens"
720:. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
663:
661:
659:
657:
179:, England, created in 1730 at the behest of
888:"The Inaugural Romantic Science Day-School"
771:"Where the Olympic Events Would Take Place"
1032:Buildings and structures completed in 1730
890:. Bristol University. 2007. Archived from
578:
855:
810:
654:
987:Discovering London Statues and Monuments
791:
604:
602:
515:Birds sitting on poles in the Long Water
342:
286:
239:
837:
762:
671:. The Royal Parks. 2007. Archived from
638:. Royal Parks Authority. Archived from
612:. The Royal Parks. 2007. Archived from
299:nine years previously, and of the 1851
1019:
610:"Hyde Park History & Architecture"
51:
33:The Long Water from the Italian Garden
984:
934:
599:
432:Serpentine Bridge from the north bank
957:
951:
906:
693:
491:fishing from posts in the Long Water
134:Three boreholes from the upper chalk
815:. World Wide School. Archived from
202:Originally the lake was fed by the
13:
935:Reeve, Dr Nigel (9 October 2006).
914:"Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens"
840:"Putting Jenner back in his place"
696:"Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822)"
316:celebrations, and a venue for the
16:Artificial lake in London, England
14:
1073:
1005:
768:
792:Banister, Len (14 August 2007).
746:. Georgian Index. Archived from
520:
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503:The Serpentine Bridge from below
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481:
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963:"Summer in the city: Hyde Park"
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813:"Edward Jenner and Vaccination"
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408:Fountains in the Italian Garden
1027:1730 establishments in England
794:"Princess Diana memorial walk"
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628:
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1:
857:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14988-4
669:"Hyde Park: Park of Pleasure"
539:
260:, ordered the damming of the
811:Fraser Harris, Professor D.
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7:
338:
284:less than two weeks later.
10:
1078:
579:Cunningham, Peter (1850).
355:, the developer of modern
282:Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin
235:
698:. Royal Berkshire History
694:Ford, David Nash (2005).
150:
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126:
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77:
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26:
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985:Baker, Margaret (2002).
989:. Shire Publications.
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101:51.507378°N 0.174444°W
531:, moored in front of
367:in Trafalgar Square.
346:
290:
243:
798:Guardian Series News
675:on 11 September 2007
460:architecture of the
327:. At the same time,
278:Percy Bysshe Shelley
106:51.507378; -0.174444
1062:Caroline of Ansbach
838:Huntley, J (2003).
724:on 22 February 2007
585:. Thorndike Press.
582:Hand-Book of London
333:West Carriage Drive
181:Caroline of Ansbach
97: /
1057:Kensington Gardens
961:(19 August 2007).
533:Hyde Park Barracks
420:The Italian Garden
349:
305:the Crystal Palace
293:
250:
173:Kensington Gardens
146:Storm Relief Sewer
1047:Hyde Park, London
996:978-0-7478-0495-6
939:. Gresham College
718:"Harriet Shelley"
642:on 9 October 2007
616:on 10 August 2007
560:on 16 August 2018
291:Serpentine Bridge
267:Charles Bridgeman
169:recreational lake
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373:Peter Pan statue
361:Trafalgar Square
301:Great Exhibition
262:River Westbourne
204:River Westbourne
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141:Primary outflows
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1037:Lakes of London
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769:Henry, Connie.
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377:George Frampton
347:Lansbury's Lido
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246:1746 Rocque map
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154: countries
129:Primary inflows
122:Artificial lake
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73:London, England
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1006:External links
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244:Detail of the
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943:11 September
941:. Retrieved
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918:. Retrieved
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896:. Retrieved
892:the original
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823:11 September
821:. Retrieved
817:the original
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722:the original
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673:the original
646:11 September
644:. Retrieved
640:the original
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614:the original
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562:. Retrieved
558:the original
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529:Solarshuttle
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365:empty plinth
350:
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310:Albertopolis
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162:
959:Gill, A. A.
777:5 September
728:5 September
702:5 September
679:5 September
620:5 September
357:vaccination
329:John Rennie
214:Westminster
104: /
79:Coordinates
1021:Categories
844:The Lancet
564:29 January
540:References
489:Cormorants
256:, wife of
218:Kensington
185:Serpentine
165:Long Water
89:51°30′27″N
967:The Times
754:20 August
458:brutalist
297:Trafalgar
258:George II
198:Geography
189:Hyde Park
92:0°10′28″W
874:41619133
866:14667773
339:Environs
252:In 1730
70:Location
303:, with
236:History
157:England
993:
872:
864:
589:
222:Thames
209:sluice
177:London
1042:Lidos
870:S2CID
773:. BBC
224:near
167:is a
152:Basin
991:ISBN
945:2007
922:2012
900:2007
862:PMID
825:2007
779:2007
756:2012
730:2007
704:2007
681:2007
648:2007
622:2007
587:ISBN
566:2010
527:The
456:The
216:and
163:The
118:Type
852:doi
848:362
375:by
171:in
1023::
965:.
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656:^
601:^
320:.
228:.
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